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710.0353
Trap-imbalanced fermion mixtures
We analyze the ground state phases of two-component ($\sigma \equiv \lbrace \uparrow, \downarrow \rbrace$) population- and mass-balanced ($N_\uparrow = N_\downarrow$ and $m_\uparrow = m_\downarrow$) but trap-imbalanced ($\omega_\uparrow \ne \omega_\downarrow$) fermion mixtures as a function of interaction strength from the weak attraction Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) to the strong attraction Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) limit. In the BCS limit, we find that the unpolarized superfluid (UPS) fermions exist away from the central core of the trapping potentials, and are surrounded by partially polarized normal (P$\sigma$PN) fermions. As the interactions increase towards unitarity, we find that the central P$\sigma$PN core first transitions to a UPS, and then expands towards the edges until the entire mixture becomes a UPS in the BEC limit.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.other
we analyze the ground state phases of twocomponent sigma equiv lbrace uparrow downarrow rbrace population and massbalanced n_uparrow n_downarrow and m_uparrow m_downarrow but trapimbalanced omega_uparrow ne omega_downarrow fermion mixtures as a function of interaction strength from the weak attraction bardeencooperschrieffer bcs to the strong attraction boseeinstein condensation bec limit in the bcs limit we find that the unpolarized superfluid ups fermions exist away from the central core of the trapping potentials and are surrounded by partially polarized normal psigmapn fermions as the interactions increase towards unitarity we find that the central psigmapn core first transitions to a ups and then expands towards the edges until the entire mixture becomes a ups in the bec limit
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710.0354
The QCD Equation of State with almost Physical Quark Masses
We present results on the equation of state in QCD with two light quark flavors and a heavier strange quark. Calculations with improved staggered fermions have been performed on lattices with temporal extent Nt =4 and 6 on a line of constant physics with almost physical quark mass values; the pion mass is about 220 MeV, and the strange quark mass is adjusted to its physical value. High statistics results on large lattices are obtained for bulk thermodynamic observables, i.e. pressure, energy and entropy density, at vanishing quark chemical potential for a wide range of temperatures, 140 MeV < T < 800 MeV. We present a detailed discussion of finite cut-off effects which become particularly significant for temperatures larger than about twice the transition temperature. At these high temperatures we also performed calculations of the trace anomaly on lattices with temporal extent Nt=8. Furthermore, we have performed an extensive analysis of zero temperature observables including the light and strange quark condensates and the static quark potential at zero temperature. These are used to set the temperature scale for thermodynamic observables and to calculate renormalized observables that are sensitive to deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration and become order parameters in the infinite and zero quark mass limits, respectively.
hep-lat nucl-th
we present results on the equation of state in qcd with two light quark flavors and a heavier strange quark calculations with improved staggered fermions have been performed on lattices with temporal extent nt 4 and 6 on a line of constant physics with almost physical quark mass values the pion mass is about 220 mev and the strange quark mass is adjusted to its physical value high statistics results on large lattices are obtained for bulk thermodynamic observables ie pressure energy and entropy density at vanishing quark chemical potential for a wide range of temperatures 140 mev t 800 mev we present a detailed discussion of finite cutoff effects which become particularly significant for temperatures larger than about twice the transition temperature at these high temperatures we also performed calculations of the trace anomaly on lattices with temporal extent nt8 furthermore we have performed an extensive analysis of zero temperature observables including the light and strange quark condensates and the static quark potential at zero temperature these are used to set the temperature scale for thermodynamic observables and to calculate renormalized observables that are sensitive to deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration and become order parameters in the infinite and zero quark mass limits respectively
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710.0355
A Simple Analytical Formulation for Periodic Orbits in Binary Stars
An analytical approximation to periodic orbits in the circular restricted three-body problem is provided. The formulation given in this work is based in calculations known from classical mechanics, but with the addition of the necessary terms to give a fairly good approximation that we compare with simulations, resulting in a simple set of analytical expressions that solve periodic orbits on discs of binary systems without the need of solving the motion equations by numerical integrations.
astro-ph
an analytical approximation to periodic orbits in the circular restricted threebody problem is provided the formulation given in this work is based in calculations known from classical mechanics but with the addition of the necessary terms to give a fairly good approximation that we compare with simulations resulting in a simple set of analytical expressions that solve periodic orbits on discs of binary systems without the need of solving the motion equations by numerical integrations
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710.0356
Mapping the geometry of the E6 group
In this paper we present a construction for the compact form of the exceptional Lie group E6 by exponentiating the corresponding Lie algebra e6, which we realize as the the sum of f4, the derivations of the exceptional Jordan algebra J3 of dimension 3 with octonionic entries, and the right multiplication by the elements of J3 with vanishing trace. Our parametrization is a generalization of the Euler angles for SU(2) and it is based on the fibration of E6 via a F4 subgroup as the fiber. It makes use of a similar construction we have performed in a previous article for F4. An interesting first application of these results lies in the fact that we are able to determine an explicit expression for the Haar invariant measure on the E6 group manifold.
math-ph hep-th math.MP
in this paper we present a construction for the compact form of the exceptional lie group e6 by exponentiating the corresponding lie algebra e6 which we realize as the the sum of f4 the derivations of the exceptional jordan algebra j3 of dimension 3 with octonionic entries and the right multiplication by the elements of j3 with vanishing trace our parametrization is a generalization of the euler angles for su2 and it is based on the fibration of e6 via a f4 subgroup as the fiber it makes use of a similar construction we have performed in a previous article for f4 an interesting first application of these results lies in the fact that we are able to determine an explicit expression for the haar invariant measure on the e6 group manifold
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710.0357
On Floer homology and the Berge conjecture on knots admitting lens space surgeries
We complete the first step in a two-part program proposed by Baker, Grigsby, and the author to prove that Berge's construction of knots in the three-sphere which admit lens space surgeries is complete. The first step, which we prove here, is to show that a knot in a lens space with a three-sphere surgery has simple (in the sense of rank) knot Floer homology. The second (conjectured) step involves showing that, for a fixed lens space, the only knots with simple Floer homology belong to a simple finite family. Using results of Baker, we provide evidence for the conjectural part of the program by showing that it holds for a certain family of knots. Coupled with work of Ni, these knots provide the first infinite family of non-trivial knots which are characterized by their knot Floer homology. As another application, we provide a Floer homology proof of a theorem of Berge.
math.GT math.SG
we complete the first step in a twopart program proposed by baker grigsby and the author to prove that berges construction of knots in the threesphere which admit lens space surgeries is complete the first step which we prove here is to show that a knot in a lens space with a threesphere surgery has simple in the sense of rank knot floer homology the second conjectured step involves showing that for a fixed lens space the only knots with simple floer homology belong to a simple finite family using results of baker we provide evidence for the conjectural part of the program by showing that it holds for a certain family of knots coupled with work of ni these knots provide the first infinite family of nontrivial knots which are characterized by their knot floer homology as another application we provide a floer homology proof of a theorem of berge
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710.0358
Friedel oscillations in one-dimensional metals: from Luttinger's theorem to the Luttinger liquid
Charge density and magnetization density profiles of one-dimensional metals are investigated by two complementary many-body methods: numerically exact (Lanczos) diagonalization, and the Bethe-Ansatz local-density approximation with and without a simple self-interaction correction. Depending on the magnetization of the system, local approximations reproduce different Fourier components of the exact Friedel oscillations.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci
charge density and magnetization density profiles of onedimensional metals are investigated by two complementary manybody methods numerically exact lanczos diagonalization and the betheansatz localdensity approximation with and without a simple selfinteraction correction depending on the magnetization of the system local approximations reproduce different fourier components of the exact friedel oscillations
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710.0359
Grid Diagrams for Lens Spaces and Combinatorial Knot Floer Homology
Similar to knots in S^3, any knot in a lens space has a grid diagram from which one can combinatorially compute all of its knot Floer homology invariants. We give an explicit description of the generators, differentials, and rational Maslov and Alexander gradings in terms of combinatorial data on the grid diagram. Motivated by existing results for the Floer homology of knots in S^3 and the similarity of the combinatorics presented here, we conjecture that a certain family of knots is characterized by their Floer homology. Coupled with work of the third author, an affirmative answer to this would prove the Berge conjecture, which catalogs the knots in S^3 admitting lens space surgeries.
math.GT math.SG
similar to knots in s3 any knot in a lens space has a grid diagram from which one can combinatorially compute all of its knot floer homology invariants we give an explicit description of the generators differentials and rational maslov and alexander gradings in terms of combinatorial data on the grid diagram motivated by existing results for the floer homology of knots in s3 and the similarity of the combinatorics presented here we conjecture that a certain family of knots is characterized by their floer homology coupled with work of the third author an affirmative answer to this would prove the berge conjecture which catalogs the knots in s3 admitting lens space surgeries
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710.036
Interpolation in Valiant's theory
We investigate the following question: if a polynomial can be evaluated at rational points by a polynomial-time boolean algorithm, does it have a polynomial-size arithmetic circuit? We argue that this question is certainly difficult. Answering it negatively would indeed imply that the constant-free versions of the algebraic complexity classes VP and VNP defined by Valiant are different. Answering this question positively would imply a transfer theorem from boolean to algebraic complexity. Our proof method relies on Lagrange interpolation and on recent results connecting the (boolean) counting hierarchy to algebraic complexity classes. As a byproduct we obtain two additional results: (i) The constant-free, degree-unbounded version of Valiant's hypothesis that VP and VNP differ implies the degree-bounded version. This result was previously known to hold for fields of positive characteristic only. (ii) If exponential sums of easy to compute polynomials can be computed efficiently, then the same is true of exponential products. We point out an application of this result to the P=NP problem in the Blum-Shub-Smale model of computation over the field of complex numbers.
cs.CC
we investigate the following question if a polynomial can be evaluated at rational points by a polynomialtime boolean algorithm does it have a polynomialsize arithmetic circuit we argue that this question is certainly difficult answering it negatively would indeed imply that the constantfree versions of the algebraic complexity classes vp and vnp defined by valiant are different answering this question positively would imply a transfer theorem from boolean to algebraic complexity our proof method relies on lagrange interpolation and on recent results connecting the boolean counting hierarchy to algebraic complexity classes as a byproduct we obtain two additional results i the constantfree degreeunbounded version of valiants hypothesis that vp and vnp differ implies the degreebounded version this result was previously known to hold for fields of positive characteristic only ii if exponential sums of easy to compute polynomials can be computed efficiently then the same is true of exponential products we point out an application of this result to the pnp problem in the blumshubsmale model of computation over the field of complex numbers
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710.0361
Monolithic Pixels R&D at LBNL
This paper reports recent results from the ongoing R&D on monolithic pixels for the ILC Vertex Tracker at LBNL.
physics.ins-det
this paper reports recent results from the ongoing rd on monolithic pixels for the ilc vertex tracker at lbnl
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710.0362
Spontaneous P-parity violation in dense baryon matter
We investigate possibilities for dynamical P-parity violation in dense baryon matter in the framework of effective quark models. Dynamical P-parity violation can appear in models with at least two scalar and two pseudoscalar fields, where both scalar fields are condensed at normal conditions. At special configurations of coupling constants, one of pseudoscalar fields can then also condense at some value of baryon density, the phenomenon results in mixing of the scalar and pseudoscalar physical degrees of freedom, hence, giving rise to P-parity violation. We discuss the implications and possible experimental signatures for P-parity violation in strong interactions in future experiments with heavy-ion collisions.
hep-ph
we investigate possibilities for dynamical pparity violation in dense baryon matter in the framework of effective quark models dynamical pparity violation can appear in models with at least two scalar and two pseudoscalar fields where both scalar fields are condensed at normal conditions at special configurations of coupling constants one of pseudoscalar fields can then also condense at some value of baryon density the phenomenon results in mixing of the scalar and pseudoscalar physical degrees of freedom hence giving rise to pparity violation we discuss the implications and possible experimental signatures for pparity violation in strong interactions in future experiments with heavyion collisions
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710.0363
Central limits and homogenization in random media
We consider the perturbation of elliptic operators of the form $P(\bx,\bD)$ by random, rapidly varying, sufficiently mixing, potentials of the form $q(\frac{\bx}\eps,\omega)$. We analyze the source and spectral problems associated to such operators and show that the properly renormalized difference between the perturbed and unperturbed solutions may be written asymptotically as $\eps\to0$ as explicit Gaussian processes. Such results may be seen as central limit corrections to the homogenization (law of large numbers) process. Similar results are derived for more general elliptic equations in one dimension of space. The results are based on the availability of a rapidly converging integral formulation for the perturbed solutions and on the use of classical central limit results for random processes with appropriate mixing conditions.
math.AP math.PR
we consider the perturbation of elliptic operators of the form pbxbd by random rapidly varying sufficiently mixing potentials of the form qfracbxepsomega we analyze the source and spectral problems associated to such operators and show that the properly renormalized difference between the perturbed and unperturbed solutions may be written asymptotically as epsto0 as explicit gaussian processes such results may be seen as central limit corrections to the homogenization law of large numbers process similar results are derived for more general elliptic equations in one dimension of space the results are based on the availability of a rapidly converging integral formulation for the perturbed solutions and on the use of classical central limit results for random processes with appropriate mixing conditions
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710.0364
Modified Gravity: Cosmology without dark matter or Einstein's cosmological constant
We explore the cosmological consequences of Modified Gravity (MOG), and find that it provides, using a minimal number of parameters, good fits to data, including CMB temperature anisotropy, galaxy power spectrum, and supernova luminosity-distance observations without exotic dark matter. MOG predicts a bouncing cosmology with a vacuum energy term that yields accelerating expansion and an age of ~13 billion years.
astro-ph gr-qc
we explore the cosmological consequences of modified gravity mog and find that it provides using a minimal number of parameters good fits to data including cmb temperature anisotropy galaxy power spectrum and supernova luminositydistance observations without exotic dark matter mog predicts a bouncing cosmology with a vacuum energy term that yields accelerating expansion and an age of 13 billion years
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710.0365
Large oscillating non-local voltage in multi-terminal single wall carbon nanotube devices
We report on the observation of a non-local voltage in a ballistic one-dimensional conductor, realized by a single-wall carbon nanotube with four contacts. The contacts divide the tube into three quantum dots which we control by the back-gate voltage $V_g$. We measure a large \emph{oscillating} non-local voltage $V_{nl}$ as a function of $V_g$ with zero mean. Though a classical resistor model can account for a non-local voltage including change of sign, it fails to describe the magnitude properly. The large amplitude of $V_{nl}$ is due to quantum interference effects and can be understood within the scattering-approach of electron transport.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we report on the observation of a nonlocal voltage in a ballistic onedimensional conductor realized by a singlewall carbon nanotube with four contacts the contacts divide the tube into three quantum dots which we control by the backgate voltage v_g we measure a large emphoscillating nonlocal voltage v_nl as a function of v_g with zero mean though a classical resistor model can account for a nonlocal voltage including change of sign it fails to describe the magnitude properly the large amplitude of v_nl is due to quantum interference effects and can be understood within the scatteringapproach of electron transport
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710.0366
Coupling constant constraints in a nonminimally coupled phantom cosmology
In the paper we investigate observational constraints on coupling to gravity constant parameter $\xi$ using distant supernovae SNIa data, baryon oscillation peak (BOP), the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) shift parameter, and $H(z)$ data set. We estimate the value of this parameter to constrain the extended quintessence models with nonminimally coupled to gravity phantom scalar field. The combined analysis of observational data favors a value of $\xi$ which lies in close neighborhood of the conformal coupling. While our estimations are model dependent they give rise to a indirect bound on the Equivalence Principle.
astro-ph gr-qc hep-th
in the paper we investigate observational constraints on coupling to gravity constant parameter xi using distant supernovae snia data baryon oscillation peak bop the cosmic microwave background radiation cmbr shift parameter and hz data set we estimate the value of this parameter to constrain the extended quintessence models with nonminimally coupled to gravity phantom scalar field the combined analysis of observational data favors a value of xi which lies in close neighborhood of the conformal coupling while our estimations are model dependent they give rise to a indirect bound on the equivalence principle
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710.0367
Discovery of an X-ray nebula around PSR J1718-3825 and implications for the nature of the gamma-ray source HESS J1718-385
Combined X-ray synchrotron and inverse-Compton gamma-ray observations of pulsar wind nebulae (PWN) may help to elucidate the processes of acceleration and energy loss in these systems. In particular, such observations provide constraints on the particle injection history and the magnetic field strength in these objects. The newly discovered TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1718-385 has been proposed as the likely PWN of the high spin-down luminosity pulsar PSR J1718-3825. The absence of previous sensitive X-ray measurements of this pulsar, and the unusual energy spectrum of the TeV source, motivated observations of this region with XMM-Newton. The data obtained reveal a hard spectrum X-ray source at the position of PSR 1718-3825 and evidence for diffuse emission in the vicinity of the pulsar. We derive limits on the keV emission from the centroid of HESS J1718-385 and discuss the implications of these findings for the PWN nature of this object.
astro-ph
combined xray synchrotron and inversecompton gammaray observations of pulsar wind nebulae pwn may help to elucidate the processes of acceleration and energy loss in these systems in particular such observations provide constraints on the particle injection history and the magnetic field strength in these objects the newly discovered tev gammaray source hess j1718385 has been proposed as the likely pwn of the high spindown luminosity pulsar psr j17183825 the absence of previous sensitive xray measurements of this pulsar and the unusual energy spectrum of the tev source motivated observations of this region with xmmnewton the data obtained reveal a hard spectrum xray source at the position of psr 17183825 and evidence for diffuse emission in the vicinity of the pulsar we derive limits on the kev emission from the centroid of hess j1718385 and discuss the implications of these findings for the pwn nature of this object
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710.0368
The electronic bands of CrD, CrH, MgD and MgH: application to the "deuterium test"
We compute opacities for the electronic molecular band systems A 6Sigma+ -- X 6Sigma+ of CrH and CrD, and A 2Pi -- X 2Sigma+ of MgH and MgD. The opacities are computed by making use of existing spectroscopic constants for MgH and CrH. These constants are adjusted for the different reduced masses of MgD and CrD. Frank-Condon factors are used to provide intensities for the individual vibronic bands. These results are used in the computation of synthetic spectra between Tef = 1800 and 1200 K with an emphasis on the realisation of ``deuterium test'', first proposed by Bejar et al. (1999) to distinguish brown dwarfs from planetary mass objects. We discuss the possible use of CrD and MgD electronic bands for the "deuterium test". We find CrD to be the more promising of the two deuterides, potentially, the most useful bands of CrH/CrD are the Delta v = +1 and Delta v = -1 at 0.795 and 0.968 micron.
astro-ph
we compute opacities for the electronic molecular band systems a 6sigma x 6sigma of crh and crd and a 2pi x 2sigma of mgh and mgd the opacities are computed by making use of existing spectroscopic constants for mgh and crh these constants are adjusted for the different reduced masses of mgd and crd frankcondon factors are used to provide intensities for the individual vibronic bands these results are used in the computation of synthetic spectra between tef 1800 and 1200 k with an emphasis on the realisation of deuterium test first proposed by bejar et al 1999 to distinguish brown dwarfs from planetary mass objects we discuss the possible use of crd and mgd electronic bands for the deuterium test we find crd to be the more promising of the two deuterides potentially the most useful bands of crhcrd are the delta v 1 and delta v 1 at 0795 and 0968 micron
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710.0369
Thermodynamics of Ion Solvation and Differential Adsorption at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces and Membranes
We construct a mean-field formulation of the thermodynamics of ion solvation in immiscible polar binary mixtures. Assuming an equilibrium planar interface separating two semi-infinite regions of different constant dielectric medium, we study the electrostatic phenomenon of differential adsorption of ions at the interface. Using general thermodynamic considerations, we construct the mean-field $\Omega$-potential and demonstrate the spontaneous formation of an electric double-layer around the interface necessarily follow. In our framework, we can also relate both the bulk ion densities in the two phases and the distribution potential across the interface to the fundamental Born free energy of ion polarization. We further illustrate this selective ion adsorption phenomenon in respective examples of fully permeable membranes that are neutral, negative, or positive in charge polarity.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we construct a meanfield formulation of the thermodynamics of ion solvation in immiscible polar binary mixtures assuming an equilibrium planar interface separating two semiinfinite regions of different constant dielectric medium we study the electrostatic phenomenon of differential adsorption of ions at the interface using general thermodynamic considerations we construct the meanfield omegapotential and demonstrate the spontaneous formation of an electric doublelayer around the interface necessarily follow in our framework we can also relate both the bulk ion densities in the two phases and the distribution potential across the interface to the fundamental born free energy of ion polarization we further illustrate this selective ion adsorption phenomenon in respective examples of fully permeable membranes that are neutral negative or positive in charge polarity
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710.037
MegaPipe: the MegaCam image stacking pipeline at the Canadian Astronomical Data Centre
This paper describes the MegaPipe image processing pipeline at the Canadian Astronomical Data Centre. The pipeline combines multiple images from the MegaCam mosaic camera on CFHT and combines them into a single output image. MegaPipe takes as input detrended MegaCam images and does a careful astrometric and photometric calibration on them. The calibrated images are then resampled and combined into image stacks. The astrometric calibration of the output images is accurate to within 0.15 arcseconds relative to external reference frames and 0.04 arcseconds internally. The photometric calibration is good to within 0.03 magnitudes. The stacked images and catalogues derived from these images are available through the CADC website:
astro-ph
this paper describes the megapipe image processing pipeline at the canadian astronomical data centre the pipeline combines multiple images from the megacam mosaic camera on cfht and combines them into a single output image megapipe takes as input detrended megacam images and does a careful astrometric and photometric calibration on them the calibrated images are then resampled and combined into image stacks the astrometric calibration of the output images is accurate to within 015 arcseconds relative to external reference frames and 004 arcseconds internally the photometric calibration is good to within 003 magnitudes the stacked images and catalogues derived from these images are available through the cadc website
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710.0371
Lyman-alpha Damping Wing Constraints on Inhomogeneous Reionization
One well-known way to constrain the hydrogen neutral fraction, x_H, of the high-redshift intergalactic medium (IGM) is through the shape of the red damping wing of the Lya absorption line. We examine this method's effectiveness in light of recent models showing that the IGM neutral fraction is highly inhomogeneous on large scales during reionization. Using both analytic models and "semi-numeric" simulations, we show that the "picket-fence" absorption typical in reionization models introduces both scatter and a systematic bias to the measurement of x_H. In particular, we show that simple fits to the damping wing tend to overestimate the true neutral fraction in a partially ionized universe, with a fractional error of ~ 30% near the middle of reionization. This bias is generic to any inhomogeneous model. However, the bias is reduced and can even underestimate x_H if the observational sample only probes a subset of the entire halo population, such as quasars with large HII regions. We also find that the damping wing absorption profile is generally steeper than one would naively expect in a homogeneously ionized universe. The profile steepens and the sightline-to-sightline scatter increases as reionization progresses. Of course, the bias and scatter also depend on x_H and so can, at least in principle, be used to constrain it. Damping wing constraints must therefore be interpreted by comparison to theoretical models of inhomogeneous reionization.
astro-ph
one wellknown way to constrain the hydrogen neutral fraction x_h of the highredshift intergalactic medium igm is through the shape of the red damping wing of the lya absorption line we examine this methods effectiveness in light of recent models showing that the igm neutral fraction is highly inhomogeneous on large scales during reionization using both analytic models and seminumeric simulations we show that the picketfence absorption typical in reionization models introduces both scatter and a systematic bias to the measurement of x_h in particular we show that simple fits to the damping wing tend to overestimate the true neutral fraction in a partially ionized universe with a fractional error of 30 near the middle of reionization this bias is generic to any inhomogeneous model however the bias is reduced and can even underestimate x_h if the observational sample only probes a subset of the entire halo population such as quasars with large hii regions we also find that the damping wing absorption profile is generally steeper than one would naively expect in a homogeneously ionized universe the profile steepens and the sightlinetosightline scatter increases as reionization progresses of course the bias and scatter also depend on x_h and so can at least in principle be used to constrain it damping wing constraints must therefore be interpreted by comparison to theoretical models of inhomogeneous reionization
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710.0372
The Revealing Dust: Mid-Infrared Activity in Hickson Compact Group Galaxy Nuclei
We present a sample of 46 galaxy nuclei from 12 nearby (z<4500 km/s) Hickson Compact Groups (HCGs) with a complete suite of 1-24 micron 2MASS+Spitzer nuclear photometry. For all objects in the sample, blue emission from stellar photospheres dominates in the near-IR through the 3.6 micron IRAC band. Twenty-five of 46 (54%) galaxy nuclei show red, mid-IR continua characteristic of hot dust powered by ongoing star formation and/or accretion onto a central black hole. We introduce alpha_{IRAC}, the spectral index of a power-law fit to the 4.5-8.0 micron IRAC data, and demonstrate that it cleanly separates the mid-IR active and non-active HCG nuclei. This parameter is more powerful for identifying low to moderate-luminosity mid-IR activity than other measures which include data at rest-frame lambda<3.6 micron that may be dominated by stellar photospheric emission. While the HCG galaxies clearly have a bimodal distribution in this parameter space, a comparison sample from the Spitzer Nearby Galaxy Survey (SINGS) matched in J-band total galaxy luminosity is continuously distributed. A second diagnostic, the fraction of 24 micron emission in excess of that expected from quiescent galaxies, f_{24D}, reveals an additional 3 nuclei to be active at 24 micron. Comparing these two mid-IR diagnostics of nuclear activity to optical spectroscopic identifications from the literature reveals some discrepancies, and we discuss the challenges of distinguishing the source of ionizing radiation in these and other lower luminosity systems. We find a significant correlation between the fraction of mid-IR active galaxies and the total HI mass in a group, and investigate possible interpretations of these results in light of galaxy evolution in the highly interactive system of a compact group environment.
astro-ph
we present a sample of 46 galaxy nuclei from 12 nearby z4500 kms hickson compact groups hcgs with a complete suite of 124 micron 2massspitzer nuclear photometry for all objects in the sample blue emission from stellar photospheres dominates in the nearir through the 36 micron irac band twentyfive of 46 54 galaxy nuclei show red midir continua characteristic of hot dust powered by ongoing star formation andor accretion onto a central black hole we introduce alpha_irac the spectral index of a powerlaw fit to the 4580 micron irac data and demonstrate that it cleanly separates the midir active and nonactive hcg nuclei this parameter is more powerful for identifying low to moderateluminosity midir activity than other measures which include data at restframe lambda36 micron that may be dominated by stellar photospheric emission while the hcg galaxies clearly have a bimodal distribution in this parameter space a comparison sample from the spitzer nearby galaxy survey sings matched in jband total galaxy luminosity is continuously distributed a second diagnostic the fraction of 24 micron emission in excess of that expected from quiescent galaxies f_24d reveals an additional 3 nuclei to be active at 24 micron comparing these two midir diagnostics of nuclear activity to optical spectroscopic identifications from the literature reveals some discrepancies and we discuss the challenges of distinguishing the source of ionizing radiation in these and other lower luminosity systems we find a significant correlation between the fraction of midir active galaxies and the total hi mass in a group and investigate possible interpretations of these results in light of galaxy evolution in the highly interactive system of a compact group environment
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710.0373
To Bin or Not To Bin: Decorrelating the Cosmic Equation of State
The physics behind the acceleration of the cosmic expansion can be elucidated through comparison of the predictions of dark energy equations of state to observational data. In seeking to optimize this, we investigate the advantages and disadvantages of using principal component analysis, uncorrelated bandpowers, and the equation of state within redshift bins. We demonstrate that no one technique is a panacea, with tension between clear physical interpretation from localization and from decorrelated errors, as well as model dependence and form dependence. Specific lessons include the critical role of proper treatment of the high redshift expansion history and the lack of a unique, well defined signal-to-noise or figure of merit.
astro-ph
the physics behind the acceleration of the cosmic expansion can be elucidated through comparison of the predictions of dark energy equations of state to observational data in seeking to optimize this we investigate the advantages and disadvantages of using principal component analysis uncorrelated bandpowers and the equation of state within redshift bins we demonstrate that no one technique is a panacea with tension between clear physical interpretation from localization and from decorrelated errors as well as model dependence and form dependence specific lessons include the critical role of proper treatment of the high redshift expansion history and the lack of a unique well defined signaltonoise or figure of merit
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710.0374
A chiral cascade via backreacting D7-branes with flux
In the context of AdS/CFT, we consider a cascading theory with an arbitrarily large number of chiral flavors. In the UV the theory can be considered as a chiral flavoring of the Klebanov-Tseytlin solution, and exhibits a duality wall. Instead in the IR, due to the rich dynamics, it safely flows to a non-cascading theory. We engineer the field theory through intersecting D7-branes with world-volume gauge flux on a conifold with 3-form fluxes, and we find new fully backreacted solutions of Type IIB Supergravity plus branes. We match the field theory cascade with supergravity by computing Page charges and interpreting Seiberg dualities as large gauge transformations of the background. Eventually we give an interpretation of the chiral zero modes arising at the intersection of the D7-branes with flux.
hep-th
in the context of adscft we consider a cascading theory with an arbitrarily large number of chiral flavors in the uv the theory can be considered as a chiral flavoring of the klebanovtseytlin solution and exhibits a duality wall instead in the ir due to the rich dynamics it safely flows to a noncascading theory we engineer the field theory through intersecting d7branes with worldvolume gauge flux on a conifold with 3form fluxes and we find new fully backreacted solutions of type iib supergravity plus branes we match the field theory cascade with supergravity by computing page charges and interpreting seiberg dualities as large gauge transformations of the background eventually we give an interpretation of the chiral zero modes arising at the intersection of the d7branes with flux
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710.0375
Spider Optimization: Probing the Systematics of a Large Scale B-Mode Experiment
Spider is a long-duration, balloon-borne polarimeter designed to measure large scale Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization with very high sensitivity and control of systematics. The instrument will map over half the sky with degree angular resolution in I, Q and U Stokes parameters, in four frequency bands from 96 to 275 GHz. Spider's ultimate goal is to detect the primordial gravity wave signal imprinted on the CMB B-mode polarization. One of the challenges in achieving this goal is the minimization of the contamination of B-modes by systematic effects. This paper explores a number of instrument systematics and observing strategies in order to optimize B-mode sensitivity. This is done by injecting realistic-amplitude, time-varying systematics in a set of simulated time-streams. Tests of the impact of detector noise characteristics, pointing jitter, payload pendulations, polarization angle offsets, beam systematics and receiver gain drifts are shown. Spider's default observing strategy is to spin continuously in azimuth, with polarization modulation achieved by either a rapidly spinning half-wave plate or a rapidly spinning gondola and a slowly stepped half-wave plate. Although the latter is more susceptible to systematics, results shown here indicate that either mode of operation can be used by Spider.
astro-ph
spider is a longduration balloonborne polarimeter designed to measure large scale cosmic microwave background cmb polarization with very high sensitivity and control of systematics the instrument will map over half the sky with degree angular resolution in i q and u stokes parameters in four frequency bands from 96 to 275 ghz spiders ultimate goal is to detect the primordial gravity wave signal imprinted on the cmb bmode polarization one of the challenges in achieving this goal is the minimization of the contamination of bmodes by systematic effects this paper explores a number of instrument systematics and observing strategies in order to optimize bmode sensitivity this is done by injecting realisticamplitude timevarying systematics in a set of simulated timestreams tests of the impact of detector noise characteristics pointing jitter payload pendulations polarization angle offsets beam systematics and receiver gain drifts are shown spiders default observing strategy is to spin continuously in azimuth with polarization modulation achieved by either a rapidly spinning halfwave plate or a rapidly spinning gondola and a slowly stepped halfwave plate although the latter is more susceptible to systematics results shown here indicate that either mode of operation can be used by spider
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710.0376
Equivalence of QCD in the epsilon-regime and chiral Random Matrix Theory with or without chemical potential
We prove that QCD in the epsilon-regime of chiral Perturbation Theory is equivalent to chiral Random Matrix Theory for zero and both non-zero real and imaginary chemical potential mu. To this aim we prove a theorem that relates integrals over fermionic and bosonic variables to super-Hermitian or super-Unitary groups also called superbosonization. Our findings extend previous results for the equivalence of the partition functions, spectral densities and the quenched two-point densities. We can show that all k-point density correlation functions agree in both theories for an arbitrary number of quark flavors, for either mu=0 or mu=/=0 taking real or imaginary values. This implies the equivalence for all individual k-th eigenvalue distributions which are particularly useful to determine low energy constants from Lattice QCD with chiral fermions.
hep-th hep-lat math-ph math.MP
we prove that qcd in the epsilonregime of chiral perturbation theory is equivalent to chiral random matrix theory for zero and both nonzero real and imaginary chemical potential mu to this aim we prove a theorem that relates integrals over fermionic and bosonic variables to superhermitian or superunitary groups also called superbosonization our findings extend previous results for the equivalence of the partition functions spectral densities and the quenched twopoint densities we can show that all kpoint density correlation functions agree in both theories for an arbitrary number of quark flavors for either mu0 or mu0 taking real or imaginary values this implies the equivalence for all individual kth eigenvalue distributions which are particularly useful to determine low energy constants from lattice qcd with chiral fermions
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710.0377
Idempotent and tropical mathematics and problems of mathematical physics (Volume I)
This volume contains the proceedings of an International Workshop on Idempotent and Tropical Mathematics and Problems of Mathematical Physics, held at the Independent University of Moscow, Russia, on August 25-30, 2007.
math.RA math-ph math.AG math.AP math.MP math.OA math.OC math.RT
this volume contains the proceedings of an international workshop on idempotent and tropical mathematics and problems of mathematical physics held at the independent university of moscow russia on august 2530 2007
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710.0378
Inflated planets and their low-mass companions
Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the inflated size of HD 209458b after it became clear that it has no companions capable of producing a stellar reflex velocity greater than around 5 m/s. Had there been such a companion, the hypothesis that it forces the eccentricity of the inflated planet thereby tidally heating it may have been readily accepted. Here we summarize a paper by the author which shows that companion planets with masses as low as a fraction of an Earth mass are capable of sustaining a non-zero eccentricity in the observed planet for at least the age of the system. While such companions produce stellar reflex velocities which are fractions of a meter per second and hence are below the stellar jitter limit, they are consistent with recent theoretical work which suggests that the planet migration process often produces low-mass companions to short-period giants.
astro-ph
various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the inflated size of hd 209458b after it became clear that it has no companions capable of producing a stellar reflex velocity greater than around 5 ms had there been such a companion the hypothesis that it forces the eccentricity of the inflated planet thereby tidally heating it may have been readily accepted here we summarize a paper by the author which shows that companion planets with masses as low as a fraction of an earth mass are capable of sustaining a nonzero eccentricity in the observed planet for at least the age of the system while such companions produce stellar reflex velocities which are fractions of a meter per second and hence are below the stellar jitter limit they are consistent with recent theoretical work which suggests that the planet migration process often produces lowmass companions to shortperiod giants
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710.0379
Consistent estimates of deformed isotropic Gaussian random fields on the plane
This paper proves fixed domain asymptotic results for estimating a smooth invertible transformation $f:\Bbb{R}^2\to\Bbb{R}^2$ when observing the deformed random field $Z\circ f$ on a dense grid in a bounded, simply connected domain $\Omega$, where $Z$ is assumed to be an isotropic Gaussian random field on $\Bbb{R}^2$. The estimate $\hat{f}$ is constructed on a simply connected domain $U$, such that $\overline{U}\subset\Omega$ and is defined using kernel smoothed quadratic variations, Bergman projections and results from quasiconformal theory. We show, under mild assumptions on the random field $Z$ and the deformation $f$, that $\hat{f}\to R_{\theta}f+c$ uniformly on compact subsets of $U$ with probability one as the grid spacing goes to zero, where $R_{\theta}$ is an unidentifiable rotation and $c$ is an unidentifiable translation.
math.ST stat.TH
this paper proves fixed domain asymptotic results for estimating a smooth invertible transformation fbbbr2tobbbr2 when observing the deformed random field zcirc f on a dense grid in a bounded simply connected domain omega where z is assumed to be an isotropic gaussian random field on bbbr2 the estimate hatf is constructed on a simply connected domain u such that overlineusubsetomega and is defined using kernel smoothed quadratic variations bergman projections and results from quasiconformal theory we show under mild assumptions on the random field z and the deformation f that hatfto r_thetafc uniformly on compact subsets of u with probability one as the grid spacing goes to zero where r_theta is an unidentifiable rotation and c is an unidentifiable translation
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710.038
Fluctuations of particle ratios as a freeze-out probe
We explain how event-by-event fluctuations of particle ratios can constrain and falsify the statistical model of particle production in heavy ion collisions, using $K/\pi$ fluctuations as an example. We define an observable capable of determining which statistical model, if any, governs freeze-out in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. We calculate this observable for $K/\pi$ fluctuations, and show that it should be the same for RHIC and LHC energies, as well as independent of centrality, if the Grand-Canonical statistical model is an appropriate description and chemical equilibrium applies. We describe what happens in case of deviations from this scenario, such as light quark chemical non-equilibrium, strange quark over-saturation and local conservation (canonical ensemble) for strange quarks. We also introduce a similar observable capable, together with the published $K^*/K$ measurement, of ascertaining if an interacting hadron gas phase governs the system between thermal and chemical freeze-out, and of ascertaining its duration and impact on hadronic chemistry
nucl-th
we explain how eventbyevent fluctuations of particle ratios can constrain and falsify the statistical model of particle production in heavy ion collisions using kpi fluctuations as an example we define an observable capable of determining which statistical model if any governs freezeout in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions we calculate this observable for kpi fluctuations and show that it should be the same for rhic and lhc energies as well as independent of centrality if the grandcanonical statistical model is an appropriate description and chemical equilibrium applies we describe what happens in case of deviations from this scenario such as light quark chemical nonequilibrium strange quark oversaturation and local conservation canonical ensemble for strange quarks we also introduce a similar observable capable together with the published kk measurement of ascertaining if an interacting hadron gas phase governs the system between thermal and chemical freezeout and of ascertaining its duration and impact on hadronic chemistry
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710.0381
The galaxy stellar mass-star formation rate relation: Evidence for an evolving stellar initial mass function?
The evolution of the galaxy stellar mass--star formation rate relationship (M*-SFR) provides key constraints on the stellar mass assembly histories of galaxies. For star-forming galaxies, M*-SFR is observed to be fairly tight with a slope close to unity from z~0-2. Simulations of galaxy formation reproduce these trends owing to the generic dominance of smooth and steady cold accretion in these systems. In contrast, the amplitude of the M*-SFR relation evolves markedly differently than in models. Stated in terms of a star formation activity parameter alpha=(M*/SFR)/(t_H-1 Gyr), models predict a constant alpha~1 out to redshifts z=4+, while the observed M*-SFR relation indicates that alpha increases by X3 from z~2 until today. The low alpha at high-z not only conflicts with models, but is also difficult to reconcile with other observations of high-z galaxies. Systematic biases could significantly affect measurements of M* and SFR, but detailed considerations suggest that none are obvious candidates to reconcile the discrepancy. A speculative solution is considered in which the stellar initial mass function (IMF) evolves towards more high-mass star formation at earlier epochs. Following Larson, a model is investigated in which the characteristic mass Mhat where the IMF turns over increases with redshift. The observed and predicted M*-SFR evolution may be brought into agreement if Mhat=0.5(1+z)^2 Mo out to z~2. Such evolution broadly matches recent observations of cosmic stellar mass growth, and the resulting z=0 cumulative IMF is similar to the paunchy IMF favored by Fardal et al to reconcile the observed cosmic star formation history with present-day fossil light measures. [abridged]
astro-ph
the evolution of the galaxy stellar massstar formation rate relationship msfr provides key constraints on the stellar mass assembly histories of galaxies for starforming galaxies msfr is observed to be fairly tight with a slope close to unity from z02 simulations of galaxy formation reproduce these trends owing to the generic dominance of smooth and steady cold accretion in these systems in contrast the amplitude of the msfr relation evolves markedly differently than in models stated in terms of a star formation activity parameter alphamsfrt_h1 gyr models predict a constant alpha1 out to redshifts z4 while the observed msfr relation indicates that alpha increases by x3 from z2 until today the low alpha at highz not only conflicts with models but is also difficult to reconcile with other observations of highz galaxies systematic biases could significantly affect measurements of m and sfr but detailed considerations suggest that none are obvious candidates to reconcile the discrepancy a speculative solution is considered in which the stellar initial mass function imf evolves towards more highmass star formation at earlier epochs following larson a model is investigated in which the characteristic mass mhat where the imf turns over increases with redshift the observed and predicted msfr evolution may be brought into agreement if mhat051z2 mo out to z2 such evolution broadly matches recent observations of cosmic stellar mass growth and the resulting z0 cumulative imf is similar to the paunchy imf favored by fardal et al to reconcile the observed cosmic star formation history with presentday fossil light measures abridged
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710.0382
The Suzaku Observation of NGC 3516: Complex Absorption and the Broad and Narrow Fe K Lines
We present results from a 150 ksec Suzaku observation of the Seyfert 1.5 NGC 3516 in October 2005. The source was in a relatively highly absorbed state. Our best-fit model is consistent with the presence of a low-ionization absorber which has a column density near 5 * 10^{22} cm^{-2} and covers most of the X-ray continuum source (covering fraction 96-100%). A high-ionization absorbing component, which yields a narrow absorption feature consistent with Fe K XXVI, is confirmed. A relativistically broadened Fe K alpha line is required in all fits, even after the complex absorption is taken into account; an additional partial-covering component is an inadequate substitute for the continuum curvature associated with the broad Fe line. A narrow Fe K alpha emission line has a velocity width consistent with the Broad Line Region. The low-ionization absorber may be responsible for producing the narrow Fe K alpha line, though a contribution from additional material out of the line of sight is possible. We include in our model soft band emission lines from He- and H-like ions of N, O, Ne and Mg, consistent with photo-ionization, though a small contribution from collisionally-ionized emission is possible.
astro-ph
we present results from a 150 ksec suzaku observation of the seyfert 15 ngc 3516 in october 2005 the source was in a relatively highly absorbed state our bestfit model is consistent with the presence of a lowionization absorber which has a column density near 5 1022 cm2 and covers most of the xray continuum source covering fraction 96100 a highionization absorbing component which yields a narrow absorption feature consistent with fe k xxvi is confirmed a relativistically broadened fe k alpha line is required in all fits even after the complex absorption is taken into account an additional partialcovering component is an inadequate substitute for the continuum curvature associated with the broad fe line a narrow fe k alpha emission line has a velocity width consistent with the broad line region the lowionization absorber may be responsible for producing the narrow fe k alpha line though a contribution from additional material out of the line of sight is possible we include in our model soft band emission lines from he and hlike ions of n o ne and mg consistent with photoionization though a small contribution from collisionallyionized emission is possible
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710.0383
Noise and Correlations in a Spatial Population Model with Cyclic Competition
Noise and spatial degrees of freedom characterize most ecosystems. Some aspects of their influence on the coevolution of populations with cyclic interspecies competition have been demonstrated in recent experiments [e.g. B. Kerr et al., Nature {\bf 418}, 171 (2002)]. To reach a better theoretical understanding of these phenomena, we consider a paradigmatic spatial model where three species exhibit cyclic dominance. Using an individual-based description, as well as stochastic partial differential and deterministic reaction-diffusion equations, we account for stochastic fluctuations and spatial diffusion at different levels, and show how fascinating patterns of entangled spirals emerge. We rationalize our analysis by computing the spatio-temporal correlation functions and provide analytical expressions for the front velocity and the wavelength of the propagating spiral waves.
q-bio.PE cond-mat.stat-mech physics.bio-ph q-bio.QM
noise and spatial degrees of freedom characterize most ecosystems some aspects of their influence on the coevolution of populations with cyclic interspecies competition have been demonstrated in recent experiments eg b kerr et al nature bf 418 171 2002 to reach a better theoretical understanding of these phenomena we consider a paradigmatic spatial model where three species exhibit cyclic dominance using an individualbased description as well as stochastic partial differential and deterministic reactiondiffusion equations we account for stochastic fluctuations and spatial diffusion at different levels and show how fascinating patterns of entangled spirals emerge we rationalize our analysis by computing the spatiotemporal correlation functions and provide analytical expressions for the front velocity and the wavelength of the propagating spiral waves
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710.0384
The Role of Galactic Winds on Molecular Gas Emission from Galaxy Mergers
We assess the impact of starburst and AGN feedback-driven winds on the CO emission from galaxy mergers, and, in particular, search for signatures of these winds in the simulated CO morphologies and emission line profiles. We do so by combining a 3D non-LTE molecular line radiative transfer code with smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of galaxy mergers that include prescriptions for star formation, black hole growth, a multiphase interstellar medium (ISM), and the winds associated with star formation and black hole growth. Our main results are: (1) Galactic winds can drive outflows of masses ~10^8-10^9 Msun which may be imaged via CO emission line mapping. (2) AGN feedback-driven winds are able to drive imageable CO outflows for longer periods of time than starburst-driven winds owing to the greater amount of energy imparted to the ISM by AGN feedback compared to star formation. (3) Galactic winds can control the spatial extent of the CO emission in post-merger galaxies, and may serve as a physical motivation for the sub-kiloparsec scale CO emission radii observed in local advanced mergers. (4) Secondary emission peaks at velocities greater than the circular velocity are seen in the CO emission lines in all models. In models with winds, these high velocity peaks are seen to preferentially correspond to outflowing gas entrained in winds, which is not the case in the model without winds. The high velocity peaks seen in models without winds are typically confined to velocity offsets (from the systemic) < 1.7 times the circular velocity, whereas the models with AGN feedback-driven winds can drive high velocity peaks to ~2.5 times the circular velocity.
astro-ph
we assess the impact of starburst and agn feedbackdriven winds on the co emission from galaxy mergers and in particular search for signatures of these winds in the simulated co morphologies and emission line profiles we do so by combining a 3d nonlte molecular line radiative transfer code with smoothed particle hydrodynamics sph simulations of galaxy mergers that include prescriptions for star formation black hole growth a multiphase interstellar medium ism and the winds associated with star formation and black hole growth our main results are 1 galactic winds can drive outflows of masses 108109 msun which may be imaged via co emission line mapping 2 agn feedbackdriven winds are able to drive imageable co outflows for longer periods of time than starburstdriven winds owing to the greater amount of energy imparted to the ism by agn feedback compared to star formation 3 galactic winds can control the spatial extent of the co emission in postmerger galaxies and may serve as a physical motivation for the subkiloparsec scale co emission radii observed in local advanced mergers 4 secondary emission peaks at velocities greater than the circular velocity are seen in the co emission lines in all models in models with winds these high velocity peaks are seen to preferentially correspond to outflowing gas entrained in winds which is not the case in the model without winds the high velocity peaks seen in models without winds are typically confined to velocity offsets from the systemic 17 times the circular velocity whereas the models with agn feedbackdriven winds can drive high velocity peaks to 25 times the circular velocity
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710.0385
Signatures of LCDM substructure in tidal debris
In the past decade, surveys of the stellar component of the Galaxy have revealed a number of streams from tidally disrupted dwarf galaxies and globular clusters. Simulations of hierarchical structure formation in LCDM cosmologies predict that the dark matter halo of a galaxy like the Milky Way contains hundreds of subhalos with masses of ~10^8 solar masses and greater, and it has been suggested that the existence of coherent tidal streams is incompatible with the expected abundance of substructure. We investigate the effects of dark matter substructure on tidal streams by simulating the disruption of a self-gravitating satellite on a wide range of orbits in different host models both with and without substructure. We find that the halo shape and the specific orbital path more strongly determine the overall degree of disruption of the satellite than does the presence or absence of substructure, i.e., the changes in the large-scale properties of the tidal debris due to substructure are small compared to variations in the debris from different orbits in a smooth potential. Substructure typically leads to an increase in the degree of clumpiness of the tidal debris in sky projection, and in some cases a more compact distribution in line-of-sight velocity. Substructure also leads to differences in the location of sections of debris compared to the results of the smooth halo model, which may have important implications for the interpretation of observed tidal streams. A unique signature of the presence of substructure in the halo which may be detectable by upcoming surveys is identified. We conclude, however, that predicted levels of substructure are consistent with a detection of a coherent tidal stream from a dwarf galaxy.
astro-ph
in the past decade surveys of the stellar component of the galaxy have revealed a number of streams from tidally disrupted dwarf galaxies and globular clusters simulations of hierarchical structure formation in lcdm cosmologies predict that the dark matter halo of a galaxy like the milky way contains hundreds of subhalos with masses of 108 solar masses and greater and it has been suggested that the existence of coherent tidal streams is incompatible with the expected abundance of substructure we investigate the effects of dark matter substructure on tidal streams by simulating the disruption of a selfgravitating satellite on a wide range of orbits in different host models both with and without substructure we find that the halo shape and the specific orbital path more strongly determine the overall degree of disruption of the satellite than does the presence or absence of substructure ie the changes in the largescale properties of the tidal debris due to substructure are small compared to variations in the debris from different orbits in a smooth potential substructure typically leads to an increase in the degree of clumpiness of the tidal debris in sky projection and in some cases a more compact distribution in lineofsight velocity substructure also leads to differences in the location of sections of debris compared to the results of the smooth halo model which may have important implications for the interpretation of observed tidal streams a unique signature of the presence of substructure in the halo which may be detectable by upcoming surveys is identified we conclude however that predicted levels of substructure are consistent with a detection of a coherent tidal stream from a dwarf galaxy
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710.0386
Comparing Maintenance Strategies for Overlays
In this paper, we present an analytical tool for understanding the performance of structured overlay networks under churn based on the master-equation approach of physics. We motivate and derive an equation for the average number of hops taken by lookups during churn, for the Chord network. We analyse this equation in detail to understand the behaviour with and without churn. We then use this understanding to predict how lookups will scale for varying peer population as well as varying the sizes of the routing tables. We then consider a change in the maintenance algorithm of the overlay, from periodic stabilisation to a reactive one which corrects fingers only when a change is detected. We generalise our earlier analysis to underdstand how the reactive strategy compares with the periodic one.
cs.NI cond-mat.stat-mech cs.DC
in this paper we present an analytical tool for understanding the performance of structured overlay networks under churn based on the masterequation approach of physics we motivate and derive an equation for the average number of hops taken by lookups during churn for the chord network we analyse this equation in detail to understand the behaviour with and without churn we then use this understanding to predict how lookups will scale for varying peer population as well as varying the sizes of the routing tables we then consider a change in the maintenance algorithm of the overlay from periodic stabilisation to a reactive one which corrects fingers only when a change is detected we generalise our earlier analysis to underdstand how the reactive strategy compares with the periodic one
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710.0387
Reduced zeta functions of Lie algebras
We define reduced zeta functions of Lie algebras, which can be derived from motivic zeta functions using the Euler characteristic. We show that reduced zeta functions of Lie algebras possessing a suitably well-behaved basis are easy to analyse. We prove that reduced zeta functions are multiplicative under certain conditions and investigate which reduced zeta functions have functional equations.
math.RA math.AG
we define reduced zeta functions of lie algebras which can be derived from motivic zeta functions using the euler characteristic we show that reduced zeta functions of lie algebras possessing a suitably wellbehaved basis are easy to analyse we prove that reduced zeta functions are multiplicative under certain conditions and investigate which reduced zeta functions have functional equations
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710.0388
Hawking radiation from extremal and non-extremal black holes
The relationship between Hawking radiation emitted by non extremal and extremal Reissner Nordstrom black holes is critically analyzed. A careful study of a series of regular collapsing geometries reveals that the stress energy tensor stays regular in the extremal limit and is smoothly connected to that of non extremal black holes. The unexpected feature is that the late time transients which played little role in the non extremal case are necessary to preserve the well defined character of the flux in the extremal case. The known singular behavior of the static energy density of extremal black holes is recovered from our series by neglecting these transients, when performing what turns out to be an illegitimate late time limit. Although our results are derived in two dimensional settings, we explain why they should also apply to higher dimensional black holes.
hep-th gr-qc
the relationship between hawking radiation emitted by non extremal and extremal reissner nordstrom black holes is critically analyzed a careful study of a series of regular collapsing geometries reveals that the stress energy tensor stays regular in the extremal limit and is smoothly connected to that of non extremal black holes the unexpected feature is that the late time transients which played little role in the non extremal case are necessary to preserve the well defined character of the flux in the extremal case the known singular behavior of the static energy density of extremal black holes is recovered from our series by neglecting these transients when performing what turns out to be an illegitimate late time limit although our results are derived in two dimensional settings we explain why they should also apply to higher dimensional black holes
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710.0389
Long wave expansions for water waves over random topography
In this paper, we study the motion of the free surface of a body of fluid over a variable bottom, in a long wave asymptotic regime. We assume that the bottom of the fluid region can be described by a stationary random process $\beta(x, \omega)$ whose variations take place on short length scales and which are decorrelated on the length scale of the long waves. This is a question of homogenization theory in the scaling regime for the Boussinesq and KdV equations. The analysis is performed from the point of view of perturbation theory for Hamiltonian PDEs with a small parameter, in the context of which we perform a careful analysis of the distributional convergence of stationary mixing random processes. We show in particular that the problem does not fully homogenize, and that the random effects are as important as dispersive and nonlinear phenomena in the scaling regime that is studied. Our principal result is the derivation of effective equations for surface water waves in the long wave small amplitude regime, and a consistency analysis of these equations, which are not necessarily Hamiltonian PDEs. In this analysis we compute the effects of random modulation of solutions, and give an explicit expression for the scattered component of the solution due to waves interacting with the random bottom. We show that the resulting influence of the random topography is expressed in terms of a canonical process, which is equivalent to a white noise through Donsker's invariance principle, with one free parameter being the variance of the random process $\beta$. This work is a reappraisal of the paper by Rosales & Papanicolaou \cite{RP83} and its extension to general stationary mixing processes.
math.AP math-ph math.MP
in this paper we study the motion of the free surface of a body of fluid over a variable bottom in a long wave asymptotic regime we assume that the bottom of the fluid region can be described by a stationary random process betax omega whose variations take place on short length scales and which are decorrelated on the length scale of the long waves this is a question of homogenization theory in the scaling regime for the boussinesq and kdv equations the analysis is performed from the point of view of perturbation theory for hamiltonian pdes with a small parameter in the context of which we perform a careful analysis of the distributional convergence of stationary mixing random processes we show in particular that the problem does not fully homogenize and that the random effects are as important as dispersive and nonlinear phenomena in the scaling regime that is studied our principal result is the derivation of effective equations for surface water waves in the long wave small amplitude regime and a consistency analysis of these equations which are not necessarily hamiltonian pdes in this analysis we compute the effects of random modulation of solutions and give an explicit expression for the scattered component of the solution due to waves interacting with the random bottom we show that the resulting influence of the random topography is expressed in terms of a canonical process which is equivalent to a white noise through donskers invariance principle with one free parameter being the variance of the random process beta this work is a reappraisal of the paper by rosales papanicolaou citerp83 and its extension to general stationary mixing processes
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710.039
Moving and ample cones of holomorphic symplectic fourfolds
We analyze the ample and moving cones of holomorphic symplectic manifolds, in light of recent advances in the minimal model program. As an application, we establish a numerical criterion for ampleness of divisors on fourfolds deformation-equivalent to punctual Hilbert schemes of K3 surfaces.
math.AG
we analyze the ample and moving cones of holomorphic symplectic manifolds in light of recent advances in the minimal model program as an application we establish a numerical criterion for ampleness of divisors on fourfolds deformationequivalent to punctual hilbert schemes of k3 surfaces
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710.0391
Dynamical Phase Transitions In Driven Integrate-And-Fire Neurons
We explore the dynamics of an integrate-and-fire neuron with an oscillatory stimulus. The frustration due to the competition between the neuron's natural firing period and that of the oscillatory rhythm, leads to a rich structure of asymptotic phase locking patterns and ordering dynamics. The phase transitions between these states can be classified as either tangent or discontinuous bifurcations, each with its own characteristic scaling laws. The discontinuous bifurcations exhibit a new kind of phase transition that may be viewed as intermediate between continuous and first order, while tangent bifurcations behave like continuous transitions with a diverging coherence scale.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn q-bio.NC
we explore the dynamics of an integrateandfire neuron with an oscillatory stimulus the frustration due to the competition between the neurons natural firing period and that of the oscillatory rhythm leads to a rich structure of asymptotic phase locking patterns and ordering dynamics the phase transitions between these states can be classified as either tangent or discontinuous bifurcations each with its own characteristic scaling laws the discontinuous bifurcations exhibit a new kind of phase transition that may be viewed as intermediate between continuous and first order while tangent bifurcations behave like continuous transitions with a diverging coherence scale
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710.0392
Line Broadening in Field Metal-poor Red Giant and Red Horizontal Branch Stars
We report 349 radial velocities for 45 metal-poor field red giant and red horizontal branch stars. We have have identified one new spectroscopic binary, HD 4306, and one possible such system, HD 184711. We also report 57 radial velocities for 11 of the 91 stars reported on previously by Carney et al. (2003). As was found in the previous study, radial velocity "jitter" is present in many of the most luminous stars. Excluding stars showing spectroscopic binary orbital motion, all 7 of the red giants with M(V) <= -2.0 display jitter, as well as 3 of the 14 stars with -2.0 <= M(V) <= -1.4. We have also measured line broadening in all of the new spectra, using synthetic spectra as templates. The most luminous red giants show significant line broadening, as do many of the red horizontal branch stars, and we discuss briefly possible causes.
astro-ph
we report 349 radial velocities for 45 metalpoor field red giant and red horizontal branch stars we have have identified one new spectroscopic binary hd 4306 and one possible such system hd 184711 we also report 57 radial velocities for 11 of the 91 stars reported on previously by carney et al 2003 as was found in the previous study radial velocity jitter is present in many of the most luminous stars excluding stars showing spectroscopic binary orbital motion all 7 of the red giants with mv 20 display jitter as well as 3 of the 14 stars with 20 mv 14 we have also measured line broadening in all of the new spectra using synthetic spectra as templates the most luminous red giants show significant line broadening as do many of the red horizontal branch stars and we discuss briefly possible causes
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710.0393
Quark scattering amplitudes at strong coupling
Following Alday and Maldacena, we describe a string theory method to compute the strong coupling behavior of the scattering amplitudes of quarks and gluons in planar N=2 super Yang-Mills theory in the probe approximation. Explicit predictions for these quantities can be constructed using the all-orders planar gluon scattering amplitudes of N=4 super Yang-Mills due to Bern, Dixon and Smirnov.
hep-th
following alday and maldacena we describe a string theory method to compute the strong coupling behavior of the scattering amplitudes of quarks and gluons in planar n2 super yangmills theory in the probe approximation explicit predictions for these quantities can be constructed using the allorders planar gluon scattering amplitudes of n4 super yangmills due to bern dixon and smirnov
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710.0394
Higman's PORC conjecture for a family of groups
We prove that the number of groups of order $p^n$ whose Frattini subgroup is central is for fixed $n$ a PORC (`polynomial on residue classes') function of $p$. This extends a result of G. Higman.
math.GR
we prove that the number of groups of order pn whose frattini subgroup is central is for fixed n a porc polynomial on residue classes function of p this extends a result of g higman
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710.0395
Bootes II: Not a Dwarf Galaxy but Possibly Shed by One
This paper has been withdrawn due to a photometric calibration error.
astro-ph
this paper has been withdrawn due to a photometric calibration error
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710.0396
Higher-order splitting algorithms for solving the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation and their instabilities
Since the kinetic and the potential energy term of the real time nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation can each be solved exactly, the entire equation can be solved to any order via splitting algorithms. We verified the fourth-order convergence of some well known algorithms by solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation numerically. All such splitting algorithms suffer from a latent numerical instability even when the total energy is very well conserved. A detail error analysis reveals that the noise, or elementary excitations of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger, obeys the Bogoliubov spectrum and the instability is due to the exponential growth of high wave number noises caused by the splitting process. For a continuum wave function, this instability is unavoidable no matter how small the time step. For a discrete wave function, the instability can be avoided only for $\dt k_{max}^2{<\atop\sim}2 \pi$, where $k_{max}=\pi/\Delta x$.
physics.comp-ph physics.atom-ph
since the kinetic and the potential energy term of the real time nonlinear schrodinger equation can each be solved exactly the entire equation can be solved to any order via splitting algorithms we verified the fourthorder convergence of some well known algorithms by solving the grosspitaevskii equation numerically all such splitting algorithms suffer from a latent numerical instability even when the total energy is very well conserved a detail error analysis reveals that the noise or elementary excitations of the nonlinear schrodinger obeys the bogoliubov spectrum and the instability is due to the exponential growth of high wave number noises caused by the splitting process for a continuum wave function this instability is unavoidable no matter how small the time step for a discrete wave function the instability can be avoided only for dt k_max2atopsim2 pi where k_maxpidelta x
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710.0397
Theory of Pulsar Wind Nebulae
Our understanding of Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe), has greatly improved in the last years thanks to unprecedented high resolution images taken from the HUBBLE, CHANDRA and XMM satellites. The discovery of complex but similar inner features, with the presence of unexpected axisymmetric rings and jets, has prompted a new investigation into the dynamics of the interaction of the pulsar winds with the surrounding SNR, which, thanks to the improvement in the computational resources, has let to a better understanding of the properties of these objects. On the other hand the discovery of non-thermal emission from bow shock PWNe, and of systems with a complex interaction between pulsar and SNR, has led to the development of more reliable evolutionary models. I will review the standard theory of PWNe, their evolution, and the current status in the modeling of their emission properties, in particular I will show that our evolutionary models are able to describe the observations, and that the X-ray emission can now be reproduced with sufficient accuracy, to the point that we can use these nebulae to investigate fundamental issues as the properties of relativistic outflows and particle acceleration.
astro-ph
our understanding of pulsar wind nebulae pwne has greatly improved in the last years thanks to unprecedented high resolution images taken from the hubble chandra and xmm satellites the discovery of complex but similar inner features with the presence of unexpected axisymmetric rings and jets has prompted a new investigation into the dynamics of the interaction of the pulsar winds with the surrounding snr which thanks to the improvement in the computational resources has let to a better understanding of the properties of these objects on the other hand the discovery of nonthermal emission from bow shock pwne and of systems with a complex interaction between pulsar and snr has led to the development of more reliable evolutionary models i will review the standard theory of pwne their evolution and the current status in the modeling of their emission properties in particular i will show that our evolutionary models are able to describe the observations and that the xray emission can now be reproduced with sufficient accuracy to the point that we can use these nebulae to investigate fundamental issues as the properties of relativistic outflows and particle acceleration
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710.0398
Spin Supersolid in Anisotropic Spin-One Heisenberg Chain
We consider an S=1 Heisenberg chain with strong exchange (Delta) and single--ion uniaxial anisotropy (D) in a magnetic field (B) along the symmetry axis. The low energy spectrum is described by an effective S=1/2 XXZ model that acts on two different low energy sectors for a given window of fields. The vacuum of each sector exhibits Ising-like antiferromagnetic ordering that coexists with the finite spin stiffness obtained from the exact solution of the effective XXZ model. In this way, we demonstrate the existence of a spin supersolid phase. We also compute the full Delta-B quantum phase diagram by means of a quantum Monte Carlo simulation.
cond-mat.str-el
we consider an s1 heisenberg chain with strong exchange delta and singleion uniaxial anisotropy d in a magnetic field b along the symmetry axis the low energy spectrum is described by an effective s12 xxz model that acts on two different low energy sectors for a given window of fields the vacuum of each sector exhibits isinglike antiferromagnetic ordering that coexists with the finite spin stiffness obtained from the exact solution of the effective xxz model in this way we demonstrate the existence of a spin supersolid phase we also compute the full deltab quantum phase diagram by means of a quantum monte carlo simulation
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710.0399
Inhomogeneous Diophantine approximation of some Hurwitzian numbers
We continue the work of Takao Komatsu by considering the inhomogeneous approximation constant L(\theta,\phi) for Hurwitzian numbers \theta, and rationally related \phi(r \theta +m)/n in Q(\theta) +Q. The current work uses a compactness theorem to relate such inhomogeneous constants to the homogeneous approximation constants. Among the new results are: a characterization of such pairs \theta,\phi for which L(\theta,\phi) is zero; consideration of small values of n^2 L(e^{2/s},\phi); and the proof of a conjecture of Komatsu.
math.NT
we continue the work of takao komatsu by considering the inhomogeneous approximation constant lthetaphi for hurwitzian numbers theta and rationally related phir theta mn in qtheta q the current work uses a compactness theorem to relate such inhomogeneous constants to the homogeneous approximation constants among the new results are a characterization of such pairs thetaphi for which lthetaphi is zero consideration of small values of n2 le2sphi and the proof of a conjecture of komatsu
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710.04
Metal-insulator transition from combined disorder and interaction effects in Hubbard-like electronic lattice models with random hopping
We uncover a disorder-driven instability in the diffusive Fermi liquid phase of a class of many-fermion systems, indicative of a metal-insulator transition of first order type, which arises solely from the competition between quenched disorder and interparticle interactions. Our result is expected to be relevant for sufficiently strong disorder in d = 3 spatial dimensions. Specifically, we study a class of half-filled, Hubbard-like models for spinless fermions with (complex) random hopping and short-ranged interactions on bipartite lattices, in d > 1. In a given realization, the hopping disorder breaks time reversal invariance, but preserves the special ``nesting'' symmetry responsible for the charge density wave instability of the ballistic Fermi liquid. This disorder may arise, e.g., from the application of a random magnetic field to the otherwise clean model. We derive a low energy effective field theory description for this class of disordered, interacting fermion systems, which takes the form of a Finkel'stein non-linear sigma model [A. M. Finkel'stein, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 84, 168 (1983), Sov. Phys. JETP 57, 97 (1983)]. We analyze the Finkel'stein sigma model using a perturbative, one-loop renormalization group analysis controlled via an epsilon-expansion in d = 2 + epsilon dimensions. We find that, in d = 2 dimensions, the interactions destabilize the conducting phase known to exist in the disordered, non-interacting system. The metal-insulator transition that we identify in d > 2 dimensions occurs for disorder strengths of order epsilon, and is therefore perturbatively accessible for epsilon << 1. We emphasize that the disordered system has no localized phase in the absence of interactions, so that a localized phase, and the transition into it, can only appear due to the presence of the interactions.
cond-mat.dis-nn
we uncover a disorderdriven instability in the diffusive fermi liquid phase of a class of manyfermion systems indicative of a metalinsulator transition of first order type which arises solely from the competition between quenched disorder and interparticle interactions our result is expected to be relevant for sufficiently strong disorder in d 3 spatial dimensions specifically we study a class of halffilled hubbardlike models for spinless fermions with complex random hopping and shortranged interactions on bipartite lattices in d 1 in a given realization the hopping disorder breaks time reversal invariance but preserves the special nesting symmetry responsible for the charge density wave instability of the ballistic fermi liquid this disorder may arise eg from the application of a random magnetic field to the otherwise clean model we derive a low energy effective field theory description for this class of disordered interacting fermion systems which takes the form of a finkelstein nonlinear sigma model a m finkelstein zh eksp teor fiz 84 168 1983 sov phys jetp 57 97 1983 we analyze the finkelstein sigma model using a perturbative oneloop renormalization group analysis controlled via an epsilonexpansion in d 2 epsilon dimensions we find that in d 2 dimensions the interactions destabilize the conducting phase known to exist in the disordered noninteracting system the metalinsulator transition that we identify in d 2 dimensions occurs for disorder strengths of order epsilon and is therefore perturbatively accessible for epsilon 1 we emphasize that the disordered system has no localized phase in the absence of interactions so that a localized phase and the transition into it can only appear due to the presence of the interactions
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710.0401
The impact of localized overlap eigenmodes on RMT measurements and topology
The low energy eigenmodes of the continuum QCD Dirac operator are extended, but on the lattice, due to discretization effects, the Dirac operator can have localized eigenmodes. These non-physical modes can introduce strong lattice artifacts for observables that are sensitive to chiral symmetry, especially in mixed action simulations. We study how these lattice artifacts depend on the parameters of the overlap operator and their affect on the distribution on the Dirac eigenmodes and the topological susceptibility.
hep-lat
the low energy eigenmodes of the continuum qcd dirac operator are extended but on the lattice due to discretization effects the dirac operator can have localized eigenmodes these nonphysical modes can introduce strong lattice artifacts for observables that are sensitive to chiral symmetry especially in mixed action simulations we study how these lattice artifacts depend on the parameters of the overlap operator and their affect on the distribution on the dirac eigenmodes and the topological susceptibility
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710.0402
The XMM-Newton Serendipitous Survey V. Optical identification of the XMM-Newton Medium sensitivity Survey (XMS)
We present the XMM-Newton Medium sensitivity Survey (XMS), including a total of 318 X-ray sources found among the serendipitous content of 25 XMM-Newton target fields. The XMS comprises four largely overlapping source samples selected at soft (0.5-2 keV), intermediate (0.5-4.5 keV), hard (2-10 keV) and ultra-hard (4.5-7.5 keV) bands, the first three of them being flux-limited. We report on the optical identification of the XMS samples, complete to 85-95%. At the intermediate flux levels sampled by the XMS we find that the X-ray sky is largely dominated by Active Galactic Nuclei. The fraction of stars in soft X-ray selected samples is below 10%, and only a few per cent for hard selected samples. We find that the fraction of optically obscured objects in the AGN population stays constant at around 15-20% for soft and intermediate band selected X-ray sources, over 2 decades of flux. The fraction of obscured objects amongst the AGN population is larger (~35-45%) in the hard or ultra-hard selected samples, and constant across a similarly wide flux range. The distribution in X-ray-to-optical flux ratio is a strong function of the selection band, with a larger fraction of sources with high values in hard selected samples. Sources with X-ray-to-optical flux ratios in excess of 10 are dominated by obscured AGN, but with a significant contribution from unobscured AGN.
astro-ph
we present the xmmnewton medium sensitivity survey xms including a total of 318 xray sources found among the serendipitous content of 25 xmmnewton target fields the xms comprises four largely overlapping source samples selected at soft 052 kev intermediate 0545 kev hard 210 kev and ultrahard 4575 kev bands the first three of them being fluxlimited we report on the optical identification of the xms samples complete to 8595 at the intermediate flux levels sampled by the xms we find that the xray sky is largely dominated by active galactic nuclei the fraction of stars in soft xray selected samples is below 10 and only a few per cent for hard selected samples we find that the fraction of optically obscured objects in the agn population stays constant at around 1520 for soft and intermediate band selected xray sources over 2 decades of flux the fraction of obscured objects amongst the agn population is larger 3545 in the hard or ultrahard selected samples and constant across a similarly wide flux range the distribution in xraytooptical flux ratio is a strong function of the selection band with a larger fraction of sources with high values in hard selected samples sources with xraytooptical flux ratios in excess of 10 are dominated by obscured agn but with a significant contribution from unobscured agn
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710.0403
Area-expanding embeddings of rectangles
We estimate whether there is an embedding from one n-dimensional rectangle into another which expands every k-dimensional area. Our estimate is sharp up to a constant factor in each dimension.
math.DG
we estimate whether there is an embedding from one ndimensional rectangle into another which expands every kdimensional area our estimate is sharp up to a constant factor in each dimension
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710.0404
Rolling Tachyon in Nonlocal Cosmology
Nonlocal cosmological models derived from String Field Theory are considered. A new method for constructing rolling tachyon solutions in the FRW metric in two field configuration is proposed and solutions of the Friedman equations with nonlocal operator are presented. The cosmological properties of these solutions are discussed.
hep-th
nonlocal cosmological models derived from string field theory are considered a new method for constructing rolling tachyon solutions in the frw metric in two field configuration is proposed and solutions of the friedman equations with nonlocal operator are presented the cosmological properties of these solutions are discussed
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710.0405
Open-Loop Woofer-Tweeter Control on the LAO Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics Testbed
Advances in micro deformable mirror (DM) technologies such as MEMs, have stimulated interest in the characteristics of systems that include a high stroke mirror in series with a high actuator count mirror. This arrangement is referred to as a woofer-tweeter system. In certain situations it may be desirable or necessary to operate the woofer DM in open-loop. We present a simple method for controlling a woofer DM in open loop provided the device behaves in an approximately linear fashion. We have tested a mirror that we believe meets our criterion, the ALPAO DM52 mirror. Using our open-loop method we fit several test Kolmogorov wavefronts with the mirror and have achieved an accuracy of approximately 25 nm rms surface deviation over the whole clear aperture, and 20 nm rms over 90% of the aperture. We have also flattened the mirror in open loop to approximately 11 nm rms residual.
physics.ins-det
advances in micro deformable mirror dm technologies such as mems have stimulated interest in the characteristics of systems that include a high stroke mirror in series with a high actuator count mirror this arrangement is referred to as a woofertweeter system in certain situations it may be desirable or necessary to operate the woofer dm in openloop we present a simple method for controlling a woofer dm in open loop provided the device behaves in an approximately linear fashion we have tested a mirror that we believe meets our criterion the alpao dm52 mirror using our openloop method we fit several test kolmogorov wavefronts with the mirror and have achieved an accuracy of approximately 25 nm rms surface deviation over the whole clear aperture and 20 nm rms over 90 of the aperture we have also flattened the mirror in open loop to approximately 11 nm rms residual
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710.0406
A Population of Massive and Evolved Galaxies at z$\ga$5
We report results from a search for massive and evolved galaxies at z>5 in the GOODS southern field. Combining HST ACS, VLT ISAAC and Spitzer IRAC photometric data, we develop a color selection technique to identify candidates for being evolved galaxies at high redshifts. The color selection is primarily based on locating the Balmer-break using the K- and 3.6micron bands. Stellar population synthesis models are fitted to the SEDs of these galaxies to identify the final sample. We find 11 candidates with photometric redshifts in the range 4.9 < z < 6.5, dominated by an old stellar population, with ages 0.2-1.0 Gyr, and stellar masses in the range (0.5 - 5) 10^{11} Msun. The majority of the stars in these galaxies were formed at z > 9. One candidate has a spectroscopically confirmed redshift, in good agreement with our photometric redshift. The galaxies are very compact, with half-light radii in the observed K-band smaller than ~2 kpc. Seven of the 11 candidates are also detected at 24micron with the MIPS instrument on Spitzer. The 24micron emission could be interpreted as PAH emission from a dusty starburst at z~2-3, however, it is also consistent with the presence of an obscured AGN at z>5. We estimate the completeness of the Balmer break galaxy sample to be ~40%. The comoving number density of galaxies with a stellar mass >10^{11} Msun, at an average redshift z=5.2, is 3.9 10^{-5} Mpc^{-3} (no-MIPS sample: 1.4 10^{-5} Mpc^{-3}). The corresponding stellar mass density is 8 10^{6} Msun/Mpc^3 (no-MIPS sample: 6.2 10^6 Msun/Mpc^3).
astro-ph
we report results from a search for massive and evolved galaxies at z5 in the goods southern field combining hst acs vlt isaac and spitzer irac photometric data we develop a color selection technique to identify candidates for being evolved galaxies at high redshifts the color selection is primarily based on locating the balmerbreak using the k and 36micron bands stellar population synthesis models are fitted to the seds of these galaxies to identify the final sample we find 11 candidates with photometric redshifts in the range 49 z 65 dominated by an old stellar population with ages 0210 gyr and stellar masses in the range 05 5 1011 msun the majority of the stars in these galaxies were formed at z 9 one candidate has a spectroscopically confirmed redshift in good agreement with our photometric redshift the galaxies are very compact with halflight radii in the observed kband smaller than 2 kpc seven of the 11 candidates are also detected at 24micron with the mips instrument on spitzer the 24micron emission could be interpreted as pah emission from a dusty starburst at z23 however it is also consistent with the presence of an obscured agn at z5 we estimate the completeness of the balmer break galaxy sample to be 40 the comoving number density of galaxies with a stellar mass 1011 msun at an average redshift z52 is 39 105 mpc3 nomips sample 14 105 mpc3 the corresponding stellar mass density is 8 106 msunmpc3 nomips sample 62 106 msunmpc3
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710.0407
Instabilities of Spiral Shocks -- II. A quasi-steady State in the multi-phase inhomogeneous ISM
The ``galactic shocks'' \citep{fujimoto68,roberts69} is investigated using a full three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, taking into account self-gravity of the ISM, radiative cooling, and star formation followed by energy feedback from supernovae. This is an essential progress from the previous numerical models, in which 2-D isothermal, non-self-gravitating gas is assumed. We find that the classic galactic shocks appears is unstable and transient, and it shifts to a globally quasi-steady, inhomogeneous pattern due to non-linear development of instabilities in the disk. The spiral patterns consists of many GMC-like dense condensations, but those local structures are not steady, and they evolves into irregular spurs in the inter-arm regions. Energy feedback from supernovae do not destroy the quasi-steady spiral arms, but it mainly contributes to vertical motion and structures of the ISM.
astro-ph
the galactic shocks citepfujimoto68roberts69 is investigated using a full threedimensional hydrodynamic simulations taking into account selfgravity of the ism radiative cooling and star formation followed by energy feedback from supernovae this is an essential progress from the previous numerical models in which 2d isothermal nonselfgravitating gas is assumed we find that the classic galactic shocks appears is unstable and transient and it shifts to a globally quasisteady inhomogeneous pattern due to nonlinear development of instabilities in the disk the spiral patterns consists of many gmclike dense condensations but those local structures are not steady and they evolves into irregular spurs in the interarm regions energy feedback from supernovae do not destroy the quasisteady spiral arms but it mainly contributes to vertical motion and structures of the ism
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710.0408
Optimal Transportation under Nonholonomic Constraints
We study Monge's optimal transportation problem, where the cost is given by optimal control cost. We prove the existence and uniqueness of an optimal map under certain regularity conditions on the Lagrangian, absolute continuity of the measures with respect to Lebesgue, and most importantly the absence of sharp abnormal minimizers. In particular, this result is applicable in the case of subriemannian manifolds with a 2-generating distribution and cost given by $d^2$, where $d$ is the subriemannian distance. Also, we discuss some properties of the optimal plan when abnormal minimizers are present. Finally, we consider some examples of displacement interpolation in the case of Grushin plane.
math.OC math.DG
we study monges optimal transportation problem where the cost is given by optimal control cost we prove the existence and uniqueness of an optimal map under certain regularity conditions on the lagrangian absolute continuity of the measures with respect to lebesgue and most importantly the absence of sharp abnormal minimizers in particular this result is applicable in the case of subriemannian manifolds with a 2generating distribution and cost given by d2 where d is the subriemannian distance also we discuss some properties of the optimal plan when abnormal minimizers are present finally we consider some examples of displacement interpolation in the case of grushin plane
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710.0409
On potentially $K_{r+1}-U$-graphical Sequences
Let $K_{m}-H$ be the graph obtained from $K_{m}$ by removing the edges set $E(H)$ of the graph $H$ ($H$ is a subgraph of $K_{m}$). We use the symbol $Z_4$ to denote $K_4-P_2.$ A sequence $S$ is potentially $K_{m}-H$-graphical if it has a realization containing a $K_{m}-H$ as a subgraph. Let $\sigma(K_{m}-H, n)$ denote the smallest degree sum such that every $n$-term graphical sequence $S$ with $\sigma(S)\geq \sigma(K_{m}-H, n)$ is potentially $K_{m}-H$-graphical. In this paper, we determine the values of $\sigma (K_{r+1}-U, n)$ for $n\geq 5r+18, r+1 \geq k \geq 7,$ $j \geq 6$ where $U$ is a graph on $k$ vertices and $j$ edges which contains a graph $K_3 \bigcup P_3$ but not contains a cycle on 4 vertices and not contains $Z_4$. There are a number of graphs on $k$ vertices and $j$ edges which contains a graph $(K_{3} \bigcup P_{3})$ but not contains a cycle on 4 vertices and not contains $Z_4$. (for example, $C_3\bigcup C_{i_1} \bigcup C_{i_2} \bigcup >... \bigcup C_{i_p}$ $(i_j\neq 4, j=2,3,..., p, i_1 \geq 5)$, $C_3\bigcup P_{i_1} \bigcup P_{i_2} \bigcup ... \bigcup P_{i_p}$ $(i_1 \geq 3)$, $C_3\bigcup P_{i_1} \bigcup C_{i_2} \bigcup >... \bigcup C_{i_p}$ $(i_j\neq 4, j=2,3,..., p, i_1 \geq 3)$, etc)
math.CO
let k_mh be the graph obtained from k_m by removing the edges set eh of the graph h h is a subgraph of k_m we use the symbol z_4 to denote k_4p_2 a sequence s is potentially k_mhgraphical if it has a realization containing a k_mh as a subgraph let sigmak_mh n denote the smallest degree sum such that every nterm graphical sequence s with sigmasgeq sigmak_mh n is potentially k_mhgraphical in this paper we determine the values of sigma k_r1u n for ngeq 5r18 r1 geq k geq 7 j geq 6 where u is a graph on k vertices and j edges which contains a graph k_3 bigcup p_3 but not contains a cycle on 4 vertices and not contains z_4 there are a number of graphs on k vertices and j edges which contains a graph k_3 bigcup p_3 but not contains a cycle on 4 vertices and not contains z_4 for example c_3bigcup c_i_1 bigcup c_i_2 bigcup bigcup c_i_p i_jneq 4 j23 p i_1 geq 5 c_3bigcup p_i_1 bigcup p_i_2 bigcup bigcup p_i_p i_1 geq 3 c_3bigcup p_i_1 bigcup c_i_2 bigcup bigcup c_i_p i_jneq 4 j23 p i_1 geq 3 etc
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710.041
The Theory of Unified Relativity for a Biovielectroluminescence Phenomenon via Fly's Visual and Imaging System
The elucidation upon fly's neuronal patterns as a link to computer graphics and memory cards I/O's, is investigated for the phenomenon by propounding a unified theory of Einstein's two known relativities. It is conclusive that flies could contribute a certain amount of neuromatrices indicating an imagery function of a visual-computational system into computer graphics and storage systems. The visual system involves the time aspect, whereas flies possess faster pulses compared to humans' visual ability due to the E-field state on an active fly's eye surface. This behaviour can be tested on a dissected fly specimen at its ommatidia. Electro-optical contacts and electrodes are wired through the flesh forming organic emitter layer to stimulate light emission, thereby to a computer circuit. The next step is applying a threshold voltage with secondary voltages to the circuit denoting an array of essential electrodes for bit switch. As a result, circuit's dormant pulses versus active pulses at the specimen's area are recorded. The outcome matrix possesses a construction of RGB and time radicals expressing the time problem in consumption, allocating time into computational algorithms, enhancing the technology far beyond. The obtained formulation generates consumed distance cons(x), denoting circuital travel between data source/sink for pixel data and bendable wavelengths. Once 'image logic' is in place, incorporating this point of graphical acceleration permits one to enhance graphics and optimize immensely central processing, data transmissions between memory and computer visual system. The phenomenon can be mainly used in 360-deg. display/viewing, 3D scanning techniques, military and medicine, a robust and cheap substitution for e.g. pre-motion pattern analysis, real-time rendering and LCDs.
cs.CE cs.CV
the elucidation upon flys neuronal patterns as a link to computer graphics and memory cards ios is investigated for the phenomenon by propounding a unified theory of einsteins two known relativities it is conclusive that flies could contribute a certain amount of neuromatrices indicating an imagery function of a visualcomputational system into computer graphics and storage systems the visual system involves the time aspect whereas flies possess faster pulses compared to humans visual ability due to the efield state on an active flys eye surface this behaviour can be tested on a dissected fly specimen at its ommatidia electrooptical contacts and electrodes are wired through the flesh forming organic emitter layer to stimulate light emission thereby to a computer circuit the next step is applying a threshold voltage with secondary voltages to the circuit denoting an array of essential electrodes for bit switch as a result circuits dormant pulses versus active pulses at the specimens area are recorded the outcome matrix possesses a construction of rgb and time radicals expressing the time problem in consumption allocating time into computational algorithms enhancing the technology far beyond the obtained formulation generates consumed distance consx denoting circuital travel between data sourcesink for pixel data and bendable wavelengths once image logic is in place incorporating this point of graphical acceleration permits one to enhance graphics and optimize immensely central processing data transmissions between memory and computer visual system the phenomenon can be mainly used in 360deg displayviewing 3d scanning techniques military and medicine a robust and cheap substitution for eg premotion pattern analysis realtime rendering and lcds
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710.0411
Theoretical topics in spacetime-symmetry violations
The Lorentz- and CPT-violating Chern-Simons extension of electrodynamics is considered. In the context of N=4 supergravity in four spacetime dimensions, it is argued that cosmological solutions can generate this extension. Within Chern-Simons electrodynamics, theoretical and phenomenological topics are reviewed that concern the number of the remaining spacetime symmetries and the vacuum Cherenkov effect, respectively.
hep-th
the lorentz and cptviolating chernsimons extension of electrodynamics is considered in the context of n4 supergravity in four spacetime dimensions it is argued that cosmological solutions can generate this extension within chernsimons electrodynamics theoretical and phenomenological topics are reviewed that concern the number of the remaining spacetime symmetries and the vacuum cherenkov effect respectively
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710.0412
What's up with IR gluon and ghost propagators in Landau gauge? A puzzling answer from huge lattices
Several analytic approaches predict for SU(N_c) Yang-Mills theories in Landau gauge an enhanced ghost propagator G(p^2) and a suppressed gluon propagator D(p^2) at small momenta. This prediction applies to two, three and four space-time dimensions. Moreover, the gluon propagator is predicted to be null at p = 0. Numerical studies by several groups indeed support an enhanced ghost propagator when compared to the tree-level behavior $1/p^2$ and a finite infrared gluon propagator. However, the agreement between analytic and numerical studies is only at the qualitative level in three and in four dimensions. In particular, the infrared exponent of the ghost propagator seems to be smaller than the one predicted analytically and the gluon propagator seems to display a (finite) nonzero value at zero momentum. It has been argued that this discrepancy might go away once simulations are done on much larger lattice sizes than the ones used up to now. Here we present data in three and four space-time dimensions using huge lattices in the scaling region, i.e. up to 320^3 at beta = 3.0 and up to 128^4 at beta = 2.2, corresponding to V \approx (85 fm)^3 and V \approx (27 fm)^4. Simulations have been done on the IBM supercomputer at the University of Sao Paulo
hep-lat
several analytic approaches predict for sun_c yangmills theories in landau gauge an enhanced ghost propagator gp2 and a suppressed gluon propagator dp2 at small momenta this prediction applies to two three and four spacetime dimensions moreover the gluon propagator is predicted to be null at p 0 numerical studies by several groups indeed support an enhanced ghost propagator when compared to the treelevel behavior 1p2 and a finite infrared gluon propagator however the agreement between analytic and numerical studies is only at the qualitative level in three and in four dimensions in particular the infrared exponent of the ghost propagator seems to be smaller than the one predicted analytically and the gluon propagator seems to display a finite nonzero value at zero momentum it has been argued that this discrepancy might go away once simulations are done on much larger lattice sizes than the ones used up to now here we present data in three and four spacetime dimensions using huge lattices in the scaling region ie up to 3203 at beta 30 and up to 1284 at beta 22 corresponding to v approx 85 fm3 and v approx 27 fm4 simulations have been done on the ibm supercomputer at the university of sao paulo
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710.0413
Chiral behaviour of Delta B = 2 and Delta C =2 matrix elements
We investigate the light-quark mass and spatial volume dependence of matrix elements of Delta B = 2 and Delta C = 2 four-fermion operators. These operators are relevant for Neutral B(s) and D mixing in and beyond the Standard Model. An important conclusion of this work is that the chiral extrapolations for matrix elements of heavy-light meson mixing beyond the Standard Model are more complicated than that for the Standard Model mixing matrix elements.
hep-lat
we investigate the lightquark mass and spatial volume dependence of matrix elements of delta b 2 and delta c 2 fourfermion operators these operators are relevant for neutral bs and d mixing in and beyond the standard model an important conclusion of this work is that the chiral extrapolations for matrix elements of heavylight meson mixing beyond the standard model are more complicated than that for the standard model mixing matrix elements
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710.0414
Electron as soliton: Nonlinear theory of dielectric polarization
We describe a class of theories of dielectric polarization and a species of solitons in these theories. The solitons, made entirely out of the polarization field, have quantized values of the electric charge and can be interpreted as electrons and holes. A soliton-antisoliton pair is an exciton. We present numerical evidence that the elementary soliton is stable.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.other
we describe a class of theories of dielectric polarization and a species of solitons in these theories the solitons made entirely out of the polarization field have quantized values of the electric charge and can be interpreted as electrons and holes a solitonantisoliton pair is an exciton we present numerical evidence that the elementary soliton is stable
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710.0415
Measurement of triple differential photon plus jet cross section by D0
We report on a new measurement of triple differential cross section for the process ppbar -> photon + jet + X in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV by the D0 Collaboration at Fermilab based on a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.1 fb-1.
hep-ex
we report on a new measurement of triple differential cross section for the process ppbar photon jet x in ppbar collisions at sqrts196 tev by the d0 collaboration at fermilab based on a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 11 fb1
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710.0416
Effective Dynamics, Big Bounces and Scaling Symmetry in Bianchi Type I Loop Quantum Cosmology
The detailed formulation for loop quantum cosmology (LQC) in the Bianchi I model with a scalar massless field has been constructed. In this paper, its effective dynamics is studied in two improved strategies for implementing the LQC discreteness corrections. Both schemes show that the big bang is replaced by the big bounces, which take place up to three times, once in each diagonal direction, when the area or volume scale factor approaches the critical values in the Planck regime measured by the reference of the scalar field momentum. These two strategies give different evolutions: In one scheme, the effective dynamics is independent of the choice of the finite sized cell prescribed to make Hamiltonian finite; in the other, the effective dynamics reacts to the macroscopic scales introduced by the boundary conditions. Both schemes reveal interesting symmetries of scaling, which are reminiscent of the relational interpretation of quantum mechanics and also suggest that the fundamental spatial scale (area gap) may give rise to a temporal scale.
gr-qc
the detailed formulation for loop quantum cosmology lqc in the bianchi i model with a scalar massless field has been constructed in this paper its effective dynamics is studied in two improved strategies for implementing the lqc discreteness corrections both schemes show that the big bang is replaced by the big bounces which take place up to three times once in each diagonal direction when the area or volume scale factor approaches the critical values in the planck regime measured by the reference of the scalar field momentum these two strategies give different evolutions in one scheme the effective dynamics is independent of the choice of the finite sized cell prescribed to make hamiltonian finite in the other the effective dynamics reacts to the macroscopic scales introduced by the boundary conditions both schemes reveal interesting symmetries of scaling which are reminiscent of the relational interpretation of quantum mechanics and also suggest that the fundamental spatial scale area gap may give rise to a temporal scale
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710.0417
Quantum capacity of lossy channel with additive classical Gaussian noise : a perturbation approach
For a quantum channel of additive Gaussian noise with loss, in the general case of $n$ copies input, we show that up to first order perturbation, any non-Gaussian perturbation to the product thermal state input has a less quantum information transmission rate when the input energy tend to infinitive.
quant-ph
for a quantum channel of additive gaussian noise with loss in the general case of n copies input we show that up to first order perturbation any nongaussian perturbation to the product thermal state input has a less quantum information transmission rate when the input energy tend to infinitive
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710.0418
Neutron Star Crustal Mass Fractions
We are investigating mass fractions on the crust of a neutron star which would remain after one year of cooling. We use cooling curves corresponding with various densities, or depths, of the neutron star just after its formation. We assume the modified Urca process dominates the energy budget of the outer layers of the star in order to calculate the temperature of the neutron star as a function of time. Using a nuclear reaction network up to technetium, we calculate how the distribution of nuclei quenches at various depths of the neutron star crust. The initial results indicate that $^{28}$Si is the lightest isotope to be optically thick on the surface after one year of cooling.
astro-ph
we are investigating mass fractions on the crust of a neutron star which would remain after one year of cooling we use cooling curves corresponding with various densities or depths of the neutron star just after its formation we assume the modified urca process dominates the energy budget of the outer layers of the star in order to calculate the temperature of the neutron star as a function of time using a nuclear reaction network up to technetium we calculate how the distribution of nuclei quenches at various depths of the neutron star crust the initial results indicate that 28si is the lightest isotope to be optically thick on the surface after one year of cooling
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710.0419
Gravitational Collapse and Radiation of Grand Unified Theory
The infinite gravitational collapse of any supermassive stars should pass through an energy scale of the grand unified theory (GUT). After nucleon-decays, the supermassive star will convert nearly all its mass into energy, and produce the radiation of GUT. It may probably explain some ultrahigh energy puzzles in astrophysics, for example, quasars and gamma-ray bursts (GRB), etc. This is similar with a process of the Big Bang Universe with a time-reversal evolution in much smaller space scale and mass scale. In this process the star seems be a true white hole.
physics.gen-ph
the infinite gravitational collapse of any supermassive stars should pass through an energy scale of the grand unified theory gut after nucleondecays the supermassive star will convert nearly all its mass into energy and produce the radiation of gut it may probably explain some ultrahigh energy puzzles in astrophysics for example quasars and gammaray bursts grb etc this is similar with a process of the big bang universe with a timereversal evolution in much smaller space scale and mass scale in this process the star seems be a true white hole
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710.042
Leptonic and semileptonic D and D_s decays at B-factories
Recent measurements of branching fractions, form factors and decay constants of leptonic and semileptonic decays of D_(s)-mesons acquired at experiments running at the Upsilon(4S) resonance energy are reviewed.
hep-ex
recent measurements of branching fractions form factors and decay constants of leptonic and semileptonic decays of d_smesons acquired at experiments running at the upsilon4s resonance energy are reviewed
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710.0421
DBI Global Strings
In this note we present global string solutions which are a generalization of the usual field theory global vortices when the kinetic term is DBI. Such vortices can result from the spontaneous symmetry breaking in the potential felt by a D3-brane. In a previous paper (0706.0485), the DBI instanton solution was constructed which develops a "wrinkle" for stringy heights of the potential. A similar effect is also seen for the DBI vortex solution. The wrinkle develops for stringy heights of the potential. One recovers the usual field theory global string for substringy potentials. As an example of the symmetry breaking, we consider a mobile D3-brane on the warped deformed conifold. Symmetry breaking can occur if the structure of the vacuum manifold of the potential for the D3-brane changes as it moves through the throat region.
hep-th astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph
in this note we present global string solutions which are a generalization of the usual field theory global vortices when the kinetic term is dbi such vortices can result from the spontaneous symmetry breaking in the potential felt by a d3brane in a previous paper 07060485 the dbi instanton solution was constructed which develops a wrinkle for stringy heights of the potential a similar effect is also seen for the dbi vortex solution the wrinkle develops for stringy heights of the potential one recovers the usual field theory global string for substringy potentials as an example of the symmetry breaking we consider a mobile d3brane on the warped deformed conifold symmetry breaking can occur if the structure of the vacuum manifold of the potential for the d3brane changes as it moves through the throat region
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710.0422
Nucleon form factors and structure functions with N_f=2+1 dynamical domain wall fermions
We report isovector form factors and low moments of structure functions of nucleon in numerical lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) from the on-going calculations by the RIKEN-BNL-Columbia (RBC) and UKQCD Collaborations with (2+1) dynamical flavors of domain-wall fermion (DWF) quarks. We calculate the matrix elements with four light quark masses, corresponding to pion mass values of m_\pi = 330-670 MeV, while the dynamical strange mass is fixed at a value close to physical, on (2.7 fm)^3 spatial volume. We found that our axial charge, g_A, at the lightest mass exhibits a large deviation from the heavier mass results. This deviation seems to be a finite-size effect as the g_A value scales with a single parameter, m_\pi L, the product of pion mass and linear spatial lattice size. The scaling is also seen in earlier 2-flavor dynamical DWF and Wilson quark calculations. Without this lightest point, the three heavier mass results show only very mild mass dependence and linearly extrapolate to g_A=1.16(6). We determined the four form factors, the vector (Dirac), induced tensor (Pauli), axial vector and induced pseudoscalar, at a few finite momentum transfer values as well. At the physical pion mass the form-factors root mean square radii determined from the momentum-transfer dependence %of the form factors are 20-30% smaller than the corresonding experiments. The ratio of the isovector quark momentum to helicity fractions, < x>_{u-d}/< x>_{\Delta u - \Delta d} is in agreement with experiment without much mass dependence including the lightest point. We obtain an estimate, 0.81(2), by a constant fit. Although the individual momentum and helicity fractions are yet to be renormalized, they show encouraging trend toward experiment.
hep-lat
we report isovector form factors and low moments of structure functions of nucleon in numerical lattice quantum chromodynamics qcd from the ongoing calculations by the rikenbnlcolumbia rbc and ukqcd collaborations with 21 dynamical flavors of domainwall fermion dwf quarks we calculate the matrix elements with four light quark masses corresponding to pion mass values of m_pi 330670 mev while the dynamical strange mass is fixed at a value close to physical on 27 fm3 spatial volume we found that our axial charge g_a at the lightest mass exhibits a large deviation from the heavier mass results this deviation seems to be a finitesize effect as the g_a value scales with a single parameter m_pi l the product of pion mass and linear spatial lattice size the scaling is also seen in earlier 2flavor dynamical dwf and wilson quark calculations without this lightest point the three heavier mass results show only very mild mass dependence and linearly extrapolate to g_a1166 we determined the four form factors the vector dirac induced tensor pauli axial vector and induced pseudoscalar at a few finite momentum transfer values as well at the physical pion mass the formfactors root mean square radii determined from the momentumtransfer dependence of the form factors are 2030 smaller than the corresonding experiments the ratio of the isovector quark momentum to helicity fractions x_ud x_delta u delta d is in agreement with experiment without much mass dependence including the lightest point we obtain an estimate 0812 by a constant fit although the individual momentum and helicity fractions are yet to be renormalized they show encouraging trend toward experiment
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710.0423
Effective Lagrangian of Domain Wall Networks
Domain wall networks are studied in N=2 supersymmetric U(N_C) gauge theory with N_F (>N_C) flavors. We find a systematic method to construct domain wall networks in terms of moduli matrices. Normalizable moduli parameters of the network are found to be sizes and phases of the loop. We obtain moduli space metric which specifies the effective Lagrangian on the domain wall networks. It is used to study dynamics of domain wall networks with the moduli approximation.
hep-th
domain wall networks are studied in n2 supersymmetric un_c gauge theory with n_f n_c flavors we find a systematic method to construct domain wall networks in terms of moduli matrices normalizable moduli parameters of the network are found to be sizes and phases of the loop we obtain moduli space metric which specifies the effective lagrangian on the domain wall networks it is used to study dynamics of domain wall networks with the moduli approximation
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710.0424
Simulating Magnetohydrodynamical Flow with Constrained Transport and Adaptive Mesh Refinement; Algorithms & Tests of the AstroBEAR Code
A description is given of the algorithms implemented in the AstroBEAR adaptive mesh refinement code for ideal magnetohydrodynamics. The code provides several high resolution, shock capturing schemes which are constructed to maintain conserved quantities of the flow in a finite volume sense. Divergence free magnetic field topologies are maintained to machine precision by collating the components of the magnetic field on a cell-interface staggered grid and utilizing the constrained transport approach for integrating the induction equations. The maintenance of magnetic field topologies on adaptive grids is achieved using prolongation and restriction operators which preserve the divergence and curl of the magnetic field across co-located grids of different resolution. The robustness and correctness of the code is demonstrated by comparing the numerical solution of various tests with analytical solutions or previously published numerical solutions obtained by other codes.
astro-ph physics.comp-ph
a description is given of the algorithms implemented in the astrobear adaptive mesh refinement code for ideal magnetohydrodynamics the code provides several high resolution shock capturing schemes which are constructed to maintain conserved quantities of the flow in a finite volume sense divergence free magnetic field topologies are maintained to machine precision by collating the components of the magnetic field on a cellinterface staggered grid and utilizing the constrained transport approach for integrating the induction equations the maintenance of magnetic field topologies on adaptive grids is achieved using prolongation and restriction operators which preserve the divergence and curl of the magnetic field across colocated grids of different resolution the robustness and correctness of the code is demonstrated by comparing the numerical solution of various tests with analytical solutions or previously published numerical solutions obtained by other codes
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710.0425
Oscillatory terms in the domain wall transfer matrix
We study the transfer matrix for domain wall fermions to understand the origin and significance of oscillatory contributions to hadron correlation functions that arise for M >1. For a free particle in one space, one time, and one flavor dimension, the eigenmodes of the one-body operator appearing in the transfer matrix are calculated, and the role of the negative eigenmodes arising when M > 1 is studied. In the case of three space dimensions, oscillatory behavior for hadron correlation functions in QCD is shown to emerge for free fermions when M exceeds 1, and to increase with increasing M. Analogous behavior is observed for domain wall fermions on HYP smeared MILC lattices, and a procedure is demonstrated for subtracting oscillating terms from physical observables.
hep-lat
we study the transfer matrix for domain wall fermions to understand the origin and significance of oscillatory contributions to hadron correlation functions that arise for m 1 for a free particle in one space one time and one flavor dimension the eigenmodes of the onebody operator appearing in the transfer matrix are calculated and the role of the negative eigenmodes arising when m 1 is studied in the case of three space dimensions oscillatory behavior for hadron correlation functions in qcd is shown to emerge for free fermions when m exceeds 1 and to increase with increasing m analogous behavior is observed for domain wall fermions on hyp smeared milc lattices and a procedure is demonstrated for subtracting oscillating terms from physical observables
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710.0426
Morphologies of Two Massive Old Galaxies at z ~ 2.5
We present the results of NICMOS imaging of two massive galaxies photometrically selected to have old stellar populations at z ~ 2.5. Both galaxies are dominated by apparent disks of old stars, although one of them also has a small bulge comprising about 1/3 of the light at rest-frame 4800 A. The presence of massive disks of old stars at high redshift means that at least some massive galaxies in the early universe have formed directly from the dissipative collapse of a large mass of gas. The stars formed in disks like these may have made significant contributions to the stellar populations of massive spheroids at the present epoch.
astro-ph
we present the results of nicmos imaging of two massive galaxies photometrically selected to have old stellar populations at z 25 both galaxies are dominated by apparent disks of old stars although one of them also has a small bulge comprising about 13 of the light at restframe 4800 a the presence of massive disks of old stars at high redshift means that at least some massive galaxies in the early universe have formed directly from the dissipative collapse of a large mass of gas the stars formed in disks like these may have made significant contributions to the stellar populations of massive spheroids at the present epoch
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710.0427
Effective Interactions In Neutron-Rich Matter
Properties of effective interactions in neutron-rich matter are reflected in the medium's equation of state (EOS), which is a relationship among several state variables. Spin and isospin asymmetries play an important role in the energy balance and could alter the stability conditions of the nuclear EOS. The EOS has far-reaching consequences for numerous nuclear processes in both the terrestrial laboratories and the cosmos. Presently the EOS, especially for neutron-rich matter, is still very uncertain. Heavy-ion reactions provide a unique means to constrain the EOS, particularly the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy. On the other hand, microscopic, self-consistent, and parameter-free approaches are ultimately needed for understanding nuclear properties in terms of the fundamental interactions among the basic constituents of nuclear systems. In this talk, after a brief review of our recent studies on spin-polarized neutron matter, we discuss constraining the changing rate of the gravitational constant $G$ and properties of (rapidly) rotating neutron stars by using a nuclear EOS partially constrained by the latest terrestrial nuclear laboratory data.
nucl-th
properties of effective interactions in neutronrich matter are reflected in the mediums equation of state eos which is a relationship among several state variables spin and isospin asymmetries play an important role in the energy balance and could alter the stability conditions of the nuclear eos the eos has farreaching consequences for numerous nuclear processes in both the terrestrial laboratories and the cosmos presently the eos especially for neutronrich matter is still very uncertain heavyion reactions provide a unique means to constrain the eos particularly the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy on the other hand microscopic selfconsistent and parameterfree approaches are ultimately needed for understanding nuclear properties in terms of the fundamental interactions among the basic constituents of nuclear systems in this talk after a brief review of our recent studies on spinpolarized neutron matter we discuss constraining the changing rate of the gravitational constant g and properties of rapidly rotating neutron stars by using a nuclear eos partially constrained by the latest terrestrial nuclear laboratory data
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710.0428
Nature of time and causality in Physics
The conceptual definition and understanding of the nature of time, both qualitatively and quantitatively is of the utmost difficulty and importance, and plays a fundamental role in physics. Physical systems seem to evolve in paths of increasing entropy and of complexity, and thus, the arrow of time shall be explored in the context of thermodynamic irreversibility and quantum physics. In Newtonian physics, time flows at a constant rate, the same for all observers; however, it necessarily flows at different rates for different observers in special and general relativity. Special relativity provides important quantitative elucidations of the fundamental processes related to time dilation effects, and general relativity provides a deep analysis to effects of time flow, such as in the presence of gravitational fields. Through the special theory of relativity, time became intimately related with space, giving rise to the notion of spacetime, in which both parameters cannot be considered as separate entities. As time is incorporated into the proper structure of the fabric of spacetime, it is interesting to note that general relativity is contaminated with non-trivial geometries that generate closed timelike curves, and thus apparently violates causality. The notion of causality is fundamental in the construction of physical theories; therefore time travel and its associated paradoxes have to be treated with great caution. These issues are briefly analyzed in this review paper.
gr-qc
the conceptual definition and understanding of the nature of time both qualitatively and quantitatively is of the utmost difficulty and importance and plays a fundamental role in physics physical systems seem to evolve in paths of increasing entropy and of complexity and thus the arrow of time shall be explored in the context of thermodynamic irreversibility and quantum physics in newtonian physics time flows at a constant rate the same for all observers however it necessarily flows at different rates for different observers in special and general relativity special relativity provides important quantitative elucidations of the fundamental processes related to time dilation effects and general relativity provides a deep analysis to effects of time flow such as in the presence of gravitational fields through the special theory of relativity time became intimately related with space giving rise to the notion of spacetime in which both parameters cannot be considered as separate entities as time is incorporated into the proper structure of the fabric of spacetime it is interesting to note that general relativity is contaminated with nontrivial geometries that generate closed timelike curves and thus apparently violates causality the notion of causality is fundamental in the construction of physical theories therefore time travel and its associated paradoxes have to be treated with great caution these issues are briefly analyzed in this review paper
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710.0429
Operated semigroups, Motzkin paths and rooted trees
Combinatorial objects such as rooted trees that carry a recursive structure have found important applications recently in both mathematics and physics. We put such structures in an algebraic framework of operated semigroups. This framework provides the concept of operated semigroups with intuitive and convenient combinatorial descriptions, and at the same time endows the familiar combinatorial objects with a precise algebraic interpretation. As an application, we obtain constructions of free Rota-Baxter algebras in terms of Motzkin paths and rooted trees.
math.RA math.CO math.CT
combinatorial objects such as rooted trees that carry a recursive structure have found important applications recently in both mathematics and physics we put such structures in an algebraic framework of operated semigroups this framework provides the concept of operated semigroups with intuitive and convenient combinatorial descriptions and at the same time endows the familiar combinatorial objects with a precise algebraic interpretation as an application we obtain constructions of free rotabaxter algebras in terms of motzkin paths and rooted trees
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710.043
Darboux Transformation for the Non-isospectral AKNS Hierarchy and Its Asymptotic Property
In this article, the Darboux transformation for the non-isospectral AKNS hierarchy is constructed. We show that the Darboux transformation for the non-isospectral AKNS hierarchy is not an auto-B\"acklund transformation, because the integral constants of the hierarchy will be changed after the transformation. The transform rule of the integral constants will be also derived. By this means, the soliton solutions of the nonlinear equations derived by the non-isospectral AKNS hierarchy can be found.
math-ph math.MP
in this article the darboux transformation for the nonisospectral akns hierarchy is constructed we show that the darboux transformation for the nonisospectral akns hierarchy is not an autobacklund transformation because the integral constants of the hierarchy will be changed after the transformation the transform rule of the integral constants will be also derived by this means the soliton solutions of the nonlinear equations derived by the nonisospectral akns hierarchy can be found
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710.0431
New Counting Codes for Distributed Video Coding
This paper introduces a new counting code. Its design was motivated by distributed video coding where, for decoding, error correction methods are applied to improve predictions. Those error corrections sometimes fail which results in decoded values worse than the initial prediction. Our code exploits the fact that bit errors are relatively unlikely events: more than a few bit errors in a decoded pixel value are rare. With a carefully designed counting code combined with a prediction those bit errors can be corrected and sometimes the original pixel value recovered. The error correction improves significantly. Our new code not only maximizes the Hamming distance between adjacent (or "near 1") codewords but also between nearby (for example "near 2") codewords. This is why our code is significantly different from the well-known maximal counting sequences which have maximal average Hamming distance. Fortunately, the new counting code can be derived from Gray Codes for every code word length (i.e. bit depth).
cs.IT math.IT
this paper introduces a new counting code its design was motivated by distributed video coding where for decoding error correction methods are applied to improve predictions those error corrections sometimes fail which results in decoded values worse than the initial prediction our code exploits the fact that bit errors are relatively unlikely events more than a few bit errors in a decoded pixel value are rare with a carefully designed counting code combined with a prediction those bit errors can be corrected and sometimes the original pixel value recovered the error correction improves significantly our new code not only maximizes the hamming distance between adjacent or near 1 codewords but also between nearby for example near 2 codewords this is why our code is significantly different from the wellknown maximal counting sequences which have maximal average hamming distance fortunately the new counting code can be derived from gray codes for every code word length ie bit depth
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710.0432
Differential Birkhoff decomposition and the renormalization of multiple zeta values
In the Hopf algebra approach of Connes and Kreimer on renormalization of quantum field theory, the renormalization process is views as a special case of the Algebraic Birkhoff Decomposition. We give a differential algebra variation of this decomposition and apply this to the study of multiple zeta values.
math.NT math.CO math.RA
in the hopf algebra approach of connes and kreimer on renormalization of quantum field theory the renormalization process is views as a special case of the algebraic birkhoff decomposition we give a differential algebra variation of this decomposition and apply this to the study of multiple zeta values
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710.0433
Rota-Baxter operators on generalized power series rings
An important instance of Rota-Baxter algebras from their quantum field theory application is the ring of Laurent series with a suitable projection. We view the ring of Laurent series as a special case of generalized power series rings with exponents in an ordered monoid. We study when a generalized power series ring has a Rota-Baxter operator and how this is related to the ordered monoid.
math.RA math.CO
an important instance of rotabaxter algebras from their quantum field theory application is the ring of laurent series with a suitable projection we view the ring of laurent series as a special case of generalized power series rings with exponents in an ordered monoid we study when a generalized power series ring has a rotabaxter operator and how this is related to the ordered monoid
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710.0434
I=2 Two-Pion Wave Functions with Non-zero Total Momentum
We calculate the two-pion wave function for the I=2 $S$-wave two-pion system with a finite scattering momentum and estimate the interaction range between two pions. It allows us to examine the validity of the necessary condition for the finite-volume method for the scattering phase shift. A calculation is carried out with a plaquette gauge action for gluons and a clover-improved Wilson action for quarks at $1/a=1.63 {\rm GeV}$ on $32^3\times 120$ lattice in the quenched approximation. We conclude that the necessary condition is satisfied within statistical errors for the lattice size $L\ge 32$, when the quark mass is in the range $m_\pi^2=0.176 - 0.345 {\rm GeV}^2$ and the scattering momentum in $k^2 < 0.026 {\rm GeV}^2$. We also find that the energy dependence of the interaction range is small and it takes $1.2-1.7 {\rm fm}$ for our simulation parameters. We obtain the phase shift from the two-pion wave function with a smaller statistical error than that from the conventional analysis with the two-pion time correlator.
hep-lat
we calculate the twopion wave function for the i2 swave twopion system with a finite scattering momentum and estimate the interaction range between two pions it allows us to examine the validity of the necessary condition for the finitevolume method for the scattering phase shift a calculation is carried out with a plaquette gauge action for gluons and a cloverimproved wilson action for quarks at 1a163 rm gev on 323times 120 lattice in the quenched approximation we conclude that the necessary condition is satisfied within statistical errors for the lattice size lge 32 when the quark mass is in the range m_pi20176 0345 rm gev2 and the scattering momentum in k2 0026 rm gev2 we also find that the energy dependence of the interaction range is small and it takes 1217 rm fm for our simulation parameters we obtain the phase shift from the twopion wave function with a smaller statistical error than that from the conventional analysis with the twopion time correlator
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710.0435
Entanglement, recoherence and information flow in an accelerated detector - quantum field system: Implications for black hole information issue
We study an exactly solvable model where an uniformly accelerated detector is linearly coupled to a massless scalar field initially in the Minkowski vacuum. Using the exact correlation functions we show that as soon as the coupling is switched on one can see information flowing from the detector to the field and propagating with the radiation into null infinity. By expressing the reduced density matrix of the detector in terms of the two-point functions, we calculate the purity function in the detector and study the evolution of quantum entanglement between the detector and the field. Only in the ultraweak coupling regime could some degree of recoherence in the detector appear at late times, but never in full restoration. We explicitly show that under the most general conditions the detector never recovers its quantum coherence and the entanglement between the detector and the field remains large at late times. To the extent this model can be used as an analog to the system of a black hole interacting with a quantum field, our result seems to suggest in the prevalent non-Markovian regime, assuming unitarity for the combined system, that black hole information is not lost but transferred to the quantum field degrees of freedom. Our combined system will evolve into a highly entangled state between a remnant of large area (in Bekenstein's black hole atom analog) without any information of its initial state, and the quantum field, now imbued with complex information content not-so-easily retrievable by a local observer.
gr-qc
we study an exactly solvable model where an uniformly accelerated detector is linearly coupled to a massless scalar field initially in the minkowski vacuum using the exact correlation functions we show that as soon as the coupling is switched on one can see information flowing from the detector to the field and propagating with the radiation into null infinity by expressing the reduced density matrix of the detector in terms of the twopoint functions we calculate the purity function in the detector and study the evolution of quantum entanglement between the detector and the field only in the ultraweak coupling regime could some degree of recoherence in the detector appear at late times but never in full restoration we explicitly show that under the most general conditions the detector never recovers its quantum coherence and the entanglement between the detector and the field remains large at late times to the extent this model can be used as an analog to the system of a black hole interacting with a quantum field our result seems to suggest in the prevalent nonmarkovian regime assuming unitarity for the combined system that black hole information is not lost but transferred to the quantum field degrees of freedom our combined system will evolve into a highly entangled state between a remnant of large area in bekensteins black hole atom analog without any information of its initial state and the quantum field now imbued with complex information content notsoeasily retrievable by a local observer
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710.0436
Application of Quantum Theory to Super-parametric Density Estimation
In this paper, we will discuss how to generalize nonparametric density estimators to MLE parametric estimators. Basing on the Parzen window theory and using the advantages of probability amplitude of quantum theory, we model a nonlinear optimization problem and it is very difficult, if not impossible, to solve the problem. A constructive procedure for solving the nonlinear programming problem is studied. Though it seems to be very complicated, the approach of this paper is simple and comprehensive. More precisely, the lemmas, the theorems and their proofs serve the purpose for mathematical rigor and practical computation. Instead of using techniques and terminologies of advanced mathematics, we use the popular techniques and terminologies of elementary calculus. From the numerical results of the paper by Y. --S. Tsai et al. [7], it shows that a new approach of density estimation, super-parametric density estimation, is established completely. Strictly speaking, the work of the paper is not confined in the category of statistics. It could be classified into nonlinear analysis such as optimization on linear space, or manifold, and the algorithm of computer science.
math.ST stat.TH
in this paper we will discuss how to generalize nonparametric density estimators to mle parametric estimators basing on the parzen window theory and using the advantages of probability amplitude of quantum theory we model a nonlinear optimization problem and it is very difficult if not impossible to solve the problem a constructive procedure for solving the nonlinear programming problem is studied though it seems to be very complicated the approach of this paper is simple and comprehensive more precisely the lemmas the theorems and their proofs serve the purpose for mathematical rigor and practical computation instead of using techniques and terminologies of advanced mathematics we use the popular techniques and terminologies of elementary calculus from the numerical results of the paper by y s tsai et al 7 it shows that a new approach of density estimation superparametric density estimation is established completely strictly speaking the work of the paper is not confined in the category of statistics it could be classified into nonlinear analysis such as optimization on linear space or manifold and the algorithm of computer science
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710.0437
Connectivity of the Product Replacement Graph of Simple Groups of Bounded Lie Rank
The Product Replacement Algorithm is a practical algorithm for generating random elements of a finite group. The algorithm can be described as a random walk on a graph whose vertices are the generating k-tuples of the group (for a fixed integer k). We show that there is a function c(r) such that for any finite simple group of Lie type, with Lie rank r, the product replacement graph of the generating k-tuples is connected for any k > c(r). The proof uses results of Larsen and Pink and does not rely on the classification of finite simple groups.
math.GR
the product replacement algorithm is a practical algorithm for generating random elements of a finite group the algorithm can be described as a random walk on a graph whose vertices are the generating ktuples of the group for a fixed integer k we show that there is a function cr such that for any finite simple group of lie type with lie rank r the product replacement graph of the generating ktuples is connected for any k cr the proof uses results of larsen and pink and does not rely on the classification of finite simple groups
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710.0438
A Lattice Formulation of Two Dimensional Topological Field Theory
We propose a non-perturbative criterion to investigate whether supersymmetric lattice gauge theories preserving partial SUSY can have the desired continuum limit or not. Since the target continuum theories of the lattice models are extended supersymmetric gauge theories including the topological field theory (TFT) as a special subsector, the continuum limits of them should reproduce the properties of the TFT. Therefore, whether the property of the TFT can be recovered at the continuum limit becomes a non-perturbative criterion. Then we accept it as a criterion. In this paper, among the topological properties, we investigate the BRST cohomology on the two dimensional ${\mathcal N}=(4,4)$ CKKU lattice model without moduli fixing mass term. We show that the BRST cohomology in the target continuum theory cannot be realized from the BRST cohomology on the lattice. From this result, we obtain the possible implication that the ${\mathcal N} = (4,4)$ CKKU model cannot recover the target continuum theory if the non-perturbative effects are taken into account.
hep-lat
we propose a nonperturbative criterion to investigate whether supersymmetric lattice gauge theories preserving partial susy can have the desired continuum limit or not since the target continuum theories of the lattice models are extended supersymmetric gauge theories including the topological field theory tft as a special subsector the continuum limits of them should reproduce the properties of the tft therefore whether the property of the tft can be recovered at the continuum limit becomes a nonperturbative criterion then we accept it as a criterion in this paper among the topological properties we investigate the brst cohomology on the two dimensional mathcal n44 ckku lattice model without moduli fixing mass term we show that the brst cohomology in the target continuum theory cannot be realized from the brst cohomology on the lattice from this result we obtain the possible implication that the mathcal n 44 ckku model cannot recover the target continuum theory if the nonperturbative effects are taken into account
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710.0439
Superconducting properties of Pr-based Filled skutterudite PrRu$_4$As$_{12}$
We report on systematic study of superconducting characteristics and Pr crystalline-electric-field (CEF) levels of filled-skutterudite \pra ($T_{\rm c}$ = 2.33 K). The temperature dependences of the upper critical field $H_{\rm c2}$ and the Ginzburg-Landau (Maki) parameter $\kappa_2$ suggest an s-wave clean-limit superconductivity. The electronic specific heat coefficient $\gamma \sim 95$ mJ/K$^2$mol, being $\sim 1.5$ times larger than that for \lra, indicates $4f$-originating quasiparticle mass enhancement. Magnetic susceptibility $\chi(T)$ indicates that the CEF ground state is a $\Gamma_1$ singlet and a $\Gamma_4^{(1)}$ triplet first excited state lies at $\Delta_{\rm CEF}\sim 30$ K above. Systematic comparison among \pos, \prs, \pra and La-based reference compounds suggests that inelastic exchange- and aspherical-charge-scatterings of conduction electrons from CEF-split $4f$ levels play an essential role for the quasiparticle mass enhancement and the value of $T_{\rm c}$ in the Pr-based filled skutterudites.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con
we report on systematic study of superconducting characteristics and pr crystallineelectricfield cef levels of filledskutterudite pra t_rm c 233 k the temperature dependences of the upper critical field h_rm c2 and the ginzburglandau maki parameter kappa_2 suggest an swave cleanlimit superconductivity the electronic specific heat coefficient gamma sim 95 mjk2mol being sim 15 times larger than that for lra indicates 4foriginating quasiparticle mass enhancement magnetic susceptibility chit indicates that the cef ground state is a gamma_1 singlet and a gamma_41 triplet first excited state lies at delta_rm cefsim 30 k above systematic comparison among pos prs pra and labased reference compounds suggests that inelastic exchange and asphericalchargescatterings of conduction electrons from cefsplit 4f levels play an essential role for the quasiparticle mass enhancement and the value of t_rm c in the prbased filled skutterudites
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710.044
The prospects for constraining dark energy with future X-ray cluster gas mass fraction measurements
We examine the ability of a future X-ray observatory to constrain dark energy via measurements of the cluster X-ray gas mass fraction, fgas. We find that fgas measurements for a sample of ~500 hot, X-ray bright, dynamically relaxed clusters, to a precision of ~5 per cent, can be used to constrain dark energy with a Dark Energy Task Force (DETF) figure of merit of 15-40, with the possibility of boosting these values by 40 per cent or more by optimizing the redshift distribution of target clusters. Such constraints are comparable to those predicted by the DETF for other leading, planned dark energy experiments. A future fgas experiment will be preceded by a large X-ray or SZ survey that will find hot, X-ray luminous clusters out to high redshifts. Short `snapshot' observations with the new X-ray observatory should then be able to identify a sample of ~500 suitably relaxed systems. The redshift, temperature and X-ray luminosity range of interest has already been partially probed by existing X-ray cluster surveys which allow reasonable estimates of the fraction of clusters that will be suitably relaxed for fgas work. Our analysis uses a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method which fully captures the relevant degeneracies between parameters and facilitates the incorporation of priors and systematic uncertainties in the analysis. We explore the effects of such uncertainties for scenarios ranging from optimistic to pessimistic. We conclude that the fgas experiment will provide tight constraints on the mean matter and dark energy densities, with a peak sensitivity for dark energy work at redshifts midway between those of supernovae and baryon acoustic oscillation/weak lensing/cluster number counts experiments. In combination, these experiments should enable a precise measurement of the evolution of dark energy. (Abridged)
astro-ph
we examine the ability of a future xray observatory to constrain dark energy via measurements of the cluster xray gas mass fraction fgas we find that fgas measurements for a sample of 500 hot xray bright dynamically relaxed clusters to a precision of 5 per cent can be used to constrain dark energy with a dark energy task force detf figure of merit of 1540 with the possibility of boosting these values by 40 per cent or more by optimizing the redshift distribution of target clusters such constraints are comparable to those predicted by the detf for other leading planned dark energy experiments a future fgas experiment will be preceded by a large xray or sz survey that will find hot xray luminous clusters out to high redshifts short snapshot observations with the new xray observatory should then be able to identify a sample of 500 suitably relaxed systems the redshift temperature and xray luminosity range of interest has already been partially probed by existing xray cluster surveys which allow reasonable estimates of the fraction of clusters that will be suitably relaxed for fgas work our analysis uses a markov chain monte carlo method which fully captures the relevant degeneracies between parameters and facilitates the incorporation of priors and systematic uncertainties in the analysis we explore the effects of such uncertainties for scenarios ranging from optimistic to pessimistic we conclude that the fgas experiment will provide tight constraints on the mean matter and dark energy densities with a peak sensitivity for dark energy work at redshifts midway between those of supernovae and baryon acoustic oscillationweak lensingcluster number counts experiments in combination these experiments should enable a precise measurement of the evolution of dark energy abridged
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710.0441
Comparative Analysis of Non-thermal Emissions and Study of Electron Transport in a Solar Flare
We study the non-thermal emissions in a solar flare occurring on 2003 May 29 by using RHESSI hard X-ray (HXR) and Nobeyama microwave observations. This flare shows several typical behaviors of the HXR and microwave emissions: time delay of microwave peaks relative to HXR peaks, loop-top microwave and footpoint HXR sources, and a harder electron energy distribution inferred from the microwave spectrum than from the HXR spectrum. In addition, we found that the time profile of the spectral index of the higher-energy ($\gsim 100$ keV) HXRs is similar to that of the microwaves, and is delayed from that of the lower-energy ($\lsim 100$ keV) HXRs. We interpret these observations in terms of an electron transport model called {\TPP}. We numerically solved the spatially-homogeneous {\FP} equation to determine electron evolution in energy and pitch-angle space. By comparing the behaviors of the HXR and microwave emissions predicted by the model with the observations, we discuss the pitch-angle distribution of the electrons injected into the flare site. We found that the observed spectral variations can qualitatively be explained if the injected electrons have a pitch-angle distribution concentrated perpendicular to the magnetic field lines rather than isotropic distribution.
astro-ph
we study the nonthermal emissions in a solar flare occurring on 2003 may 29 by using rhessi hard xray hxr and nobeyama microwave observations this flare shows several typical behaviors of the hxr and microwave emissions time delay of microwave peaks relative to hxr peaks looptop microwave and footpoint hxr sources and a harder electron energy distribution inferred from the microwave spectrum than from the hxr spectrum in addition we found that the time profile of the spectral index of the higherenergy gsim 100 kev hxrs is similar to that of the microwaves and is delayed from that of the lowerenergy lsim 100 kev hxrs we interpret these observations in terms of an electron transport model called tpp we numerically solved the spatiallyhomogeneous fp equation to determine electron evolution in energy and pitchangle space by comparing the behaviors of the hxr and microwave emissions predicted by the model with the observations we discuss the pitchangle distribution of the electrons injected into the flare site we found that the observed spectral variations can qualitatively be explained if the injected electrons have a pitchangle distribution concentrated perpendicular to the magnetic field lines rather than isotropic distribution
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710.0442
Overlapping self-affine sets of Kakeya type
We compute the Minkowski dimension for a family of self-affine sets on the plane. Our result holds for every (rather than generic) set in the class. Moreover, we exhibit explicit open subsets of this class where we allow overlapping, and do not impose any conditions on the norms of the linear maps. The family under consideration was inspired by the theory of Kakeya sets.
math.CA math.DS
we compute the minkowski dimension for a family of selfaffine sets on the plane our result holds for every rather than generic set in the class moreover we exhibit explicit open subsets of this class where we allow overlapping and do not impose any conditions on the norms of the linear maps the family under consideration was inspired by the theory of kakeya sets
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710.0443
Tongue-placed tactile biofeedback suppresses the deleterious effects of muscle fatigue on joint position sense at the ankle
Whereas the acuity of the position sense at the ankle can be disturbed by muscle fatigue, it recently also has been shown to be improved, under normal ankle neuromuscular state, through the use of an artificial tongue-placed tactile biofeedback. The underlying principle of this biofeedback consisted of supplying individuals with supplementary information about the position of their matching ankle position relative to their reference ankle position through electrotactile stimulation of the tongue. Within this context, the purpose of the present experiment was to investigate whether this biofeedback could mitigate the deleterious effect of muscle fatigue on joint position sense at the ankle. To address this objective, sixteen young healthy university students were asked to perform an active ankle-matching task in two conditions of No-fatigue and Fatigue of the ankle muscles and two conditions of No-biofeedback and Biofeedback. Measures of the overall accuracy and the variability of the positioning were determined using the absolute error and the variable error, respectively. Results showed that the availability of the biofeedback allowed the subjects to suppress the deleterious effects of muscle fatigue on joint position sense at the ankle. In the context of sensory re-weighting process, these findings suggested that the central nervous system was able to integrate and increase the relative contribution of the artificial tongue-placed tactile biofeedback to compensate for a proprioceptive degradation at the ankle.
physics.med-ph q-bio.NC
whereas the acuity of the position sense at the ankle can be disturbed by muscle fatigue it recently also has been shown to be improved under normal ankle neuromuscular state through the use of an artificial tongueplaced tactile biofeedback the underlying principle of this biofeedback consisted of supplying individuals with supplementary information about the position of their matching ankle position relative to their reference ankle position through electrotactile stimulation of the tongue within this context the purpose of the present experiment was to investigate whether this biofeedback could mitigate the deleterious effect of muscle fatigue on joint position sense at the ankle to address this objective sixteen young healthy university students were asked to perform an active anklematching task in two conditions of nofatigue and fatigue of the ankle muscles and two conditions of nobiofeedback and biofeedback measures of the overall accuracy and the variability of the positioning were determined using the absolute error and the variable error respectively results showed that the availability of the biofeedback allowed the subjects to suppress the deleterious effects of muscle fatigue on joint position sense at the ankle in the context of sensory reweighting process these findings suggested that the central nervous system was able to integrate and increase the relative contribution of the artificial tongueplaced tactile biofeedback to compensate for a proprioceptive degradation at the ankle
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710.0444
A note on the two-neutrino decay mode of excited nuclear states
The possibility for the excited nuclear states to decay by emission of the neutrino-antineutrino pair in direct competition with electromagnetic decay modes is commented upon.
nucl-ex
the possibility for the excited nuclear states to decay by emission of the neutrinoantineutrino pair in direct competition with electromagnetic decay modes is commented upon
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710.0445
Evolution of the genetic code from the GC- to the AGUC-alphabet
A hypothesis of the evolution of the genetic code is proposed, the leading mechanism of which is the nucleotide spontaneous damage leading to AT-enrichment of the genome. The hypothesis accounts for stability of the genetic code towards point mutations, the presence of code dialects, and the symmetry of the genetic code table.
q-bio.PE q-bio.BM
a hypothesis of the evolution of the genetic code is proposed the leading mechanism of which is the nucleotide spontaneous damage leading to atenrichment of the genome the hypothesis accounts for stability of the genetic code towards point mutations the presence of code dialects and the symmetry of the genetic code table
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710.0446
The Detector DCR
The Detector Concept Report (DCR) consists of two parts, one for the physics and the other for ILC detectors. It has been prepared as the accompany document of the ILC Accelerator Reference Design Report. The detector DCR describes ILC detector designs, R&Ds on detector technologies and expected performances. The overview of the Detector DCR and the plan for the final release are presented.
physics.ins-det
the detector concept report dcr consists of two parts one for the physics and the other for ilc detectors it has been prepared as the accompany document of the ilc accelerator reference design report the detector dcr describes ilc detector designs rds on detector technologies and expected performances the overview of the detector dcr and the plan for the final release are presented
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710.0447
Permutation statistics related to a class of noncommutative symmetric functions and generalizations of the Genocchi numbers
We prove conjectures of the third author [L. Tevlin, Proc. FPSAC'07, Tianjin] on two new bases of noncommutative symmetric functions: the transition matrices from the ribbon basis have nonnegative integral coefficients. This is done by means of two composition-valued statistics on permutations and packed words, which generalize the combinatorics of Genocchi numbers.
math.CO
we prove conjectures of the third author l tevlin proc fpsac07 tianjin on two new bases of noncommutative symmetric functions the transition matrices from the ribbon basis have nonnegative integral coefficients this is done by means of two compositionvalued statistics on permutations and packed words which generalize the combinatorics of genocchi numbers
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710.0448
Differential Complexes and Stratified Pro-Modules
In this paper we introduce the category of stratified Pro-modules and the notion of induced object in this category. We propose a translation of a Morihiko Saito equivalence result using the dual language of Pro-objects. So we prove an equivalence between the derived category of stratified Pro-modules and the category of Pro-differential complexes. We also supply a comparison with the notion of Crystal in Pro-module (introduced by P. Deligne in 1960).
math.AG
in this paper we introduce the category of stratified promodules and the notion of induced object in this category we propose a translation of a morihiko saito equivalence result using the dual language of proobjects so we prove an equivalence between the derived category of stratified promodules and the category of prodifferential complexes we also supply a comparison with the notion of crystal in promodule introduced by p deligne in 1960
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710.0449
Gravitino dark matter from increased thermal relic particles
We investigate the so-called superWIMP scenario with gravitino as the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) in the context of non-standard cosmology, in particular, brane world cosmology. As a candidate of the next-to-LSP (NLSP), we examine slepton and sneutrino. Brane world cosmological effects dramatically enhance the relic density of the slepton or sneutrino NLSP, so that the NLSP with mass of order 100 GeV can provide the correct abundance of gravitino dark matter through its decay. We find that with an appropriate five dimensional Planck mass, this scenario can be realized consistently with the constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) for both NLSP candidates of slepton and sneutrino. The BBN constraints for slepton NLSP are more stringent than that for sneutrino, as the result, the gravitino must be rather warm in the slepton NLSP case. The energy density of gravitino produced by thermal scattering is highly suppressed and negligible due to the brane world cosmological effects.
hep-ph astro-ph
we investigate the socalled superwimp scenario with gravitino as the lightest supersymmetric particle lsp in the context of nonstandard cosmology in particular brane world cosmology as a candidate of the nexttolsp nlsp we examine slepton and sneutrino brane world cosmological effects dramatically enhance the relic density of the slepton or sneutrino nlsp so that the nlsp with mass of order 100 gev can provide the correct abundance of gravitino dark matter through its decay we find that with an appropriate five dimensional planck mass this scenario can be realized consistently with the constraints from big bang nucleosynthesis bbn for both nlsp candidates of slepton and sneutrino the bbn constraints for slepton nlsp are more stringent than that for sneutrino as the result the gravitino must be rather warm in the slepton nlsp case the energy density of gravitino produced by thermal scattering is highly suppressed and negligible due to the brane world cosmological effects
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710.045
Geometric phases in open tripod systems
We first consider stimulated Raman adibatic passages (STIRAP) in a closed four-level tripod system. In this case, the adiabatic eigenstates of the system acquire real geometric phases. When the system is open and subject to decoherence they acquire complex geometric phases that we determine by a Monte Carlo wave function approach. We calculate the geometric phases and the state evolution in the closed as well as in the open system cases and describe the deviation between these in terms of the phases acquired. When the system is closed, the adiabatic evolution implements a Hadamard gate. The open system implements an imperfect gate and hence has a fidelity below unity. We express this fidelity in terms of the acquired geometric phases.
quant-ph
we first consider stimulated raman adibatic passages stirap in a closed fourlevel tripod system in this case the adiabatic eigenstates of the system acquire real geometric phases when the system is open and subject to decoherence they acquire complex geometric phases that we determine by a monte carlo wave function approach we calculate the geometric phases and the state evolution in the closed as well as in the open system cases and describe the deviation between these in terms of the phases acquired when the system is closed the adiabatic evolution implements a hadamard gate the open system implements an imperfect gate and hence has a fidelity below unity we express this fidelity in terms of the acquired geometric phases
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710.0451
Low temperature magnetization of the S=1/2 kagome antiferromagnet ZnCu_3(OH)_6Cl_2
The dc-magnetization of the unique S=1/2 kagome antiferromagnet Herbertsmithite has been measured down to 0.1K. No sign of spin freezing is observed in agreement with former muSR and ac-susceptibility results. The low temperature magnetic response is dominated by a defect contribution which exhibits a new energy scale $\simeq 1$ K, likely reflecting the coupling of the defects. The defect component is saturated at low temperature by H>8T applied magnetic fields which enables us to estimate an upper bound for the non saturated intrinsic kagome susceptibility at T=1.7K.
cond-mat.str-el
the dcmagnetization of the unique s12 kagome antiferromagnet herbertsmithite has been measured down to 01k no sign of spin freezing is observed in agreement with former musr and acsusceptibility results the low temperature magnetic response is dominated by a defect contribution which exhibits a new energy scale simeq 1 k likely reflecting the coupling of the defects the defect component is saturated at low temperature by h8t applied magnetic fields which enables us to estimate an upper bound for the non saturated intrinsic kagome susceptibility at t17k
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710.0452
Low energy properties of the SU(m|n) supersymmetric Haldane-Shastry spin chain
The ground state and low energy excitations of the SU(m|n) supersymmetric Haldane-Shastry spin chain are analyzed. In the thermodynamic limit, it is found that the ground state degeneracy is finite only for the SU(m|0) and SU(m|1) spin chains, while the dispersion relation for the low energy and low momentum excitations is linear for all values of m and n. We show that the low energy excitations of the SU(m|1) spin chain are described by a conformal field theory of m non-interacting Dirac fermions which have only positive energies; the central charge of this theory is m/2. Finally, for n \ge 1, the partition functions of the SU(m|n) Haldane-Shastry spin chain and the SU(m|n) Polychronakos spin chain are shown to be related in a simple way in the thermodynamic limit at low temperatures.
hep-th cond-mat.stat-mech nlin.SI
the ground state and low energy excitations of the sumn supersymmetric haldaneshastry spin chain are analyzed in the thermodynamic limit it is found that the ground state degeneracy is finite only for the sum0 and sum1 spin chains while the dispersion relation for the low energy and low momentum excitations is linear for all values of m and n we show that the low energy excitations of the sum1 spin chain are described by a conformal field theory of m noninteracting dirac fermions which have only positive energies the central charge of this theory is m2 finally for n ge 1 the partition functions of the sumn haldaneshastry spin chain and the sumn polychronakos spin chain are shown to be related in a simple way in the thermodynamic limit at low temperatures
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