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711.0008
Positronium-ion decay
We present a precise theoretical prediction for the decay width of the bound state of two electrons and a positron (a negative positronium ion), Gamma(Ps^-) = 2.087 085(12)/ns. We include O(alpha^2) effects of hard virtual photons as well as soft corrections to the wave function and the decay amplitude. An outcome of a large-scale variational calculation, this is the first result for second-order corrections to a decay of a three-particle bound state. It will be tested experimentally in the new positronium-ion facility in Garching in Germany.
hep-ph physics.atom-ph
we present a precise theoretical prediction for the decay width of the bound state of two electrons and a positron a negative positronium ion gammaps 2087 08512ns we include oalpha2 effects of hard virtual photons as well as soft corrections to the wave function and the decay amplitude an outcome of a largescale variational calculation this is the first result for secondorder corrections to a decay of a threeparticle bound state it will be tested experimentally in the new positroniumion facility in garching in germany
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711.0009
Interference Between Competing Pathways in the Interaction of Three-Level Ladder Atoms and Radiation
In this paper we explore the physical origin of the transparency induced in absorbing three-level cascade atoms by the simultaneous interplay of two coherent beams of light. By utilizing the scattering technique we offer what we believe is a very convincing physical evidence for the existence, or for the absence, of quantum interference effects in the Autler-Townes (AT) and Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) phenomena.
quant-ph
in this paper we explore the physical origin of the transparency induced in absorbing threelevel cascade atoms by the simultaneous interplay of two coherent beams of light by utilizing the scattering technique we offer what we believe is a very convincing physical evidence for the existence or for the absence of quantum interference effects in the autlertownes at and electromagnetically induced transparency eit phenomena
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711.001
Diameter-dependent thermopower of Bi nanowires
We present a study of electronic transport in individual Bi nanowires of large diameter relative to the Fermi wavelength. Measurements of the resistance and thermopower of intrinsic and Sn-doped Bi wires with various wire diameters, ranging from 150-480 nm, have been carried out over a wide range of temperatures (4-300 K) and magnetic fields (0-14 T). We find that the thermopower of intrinsic Bi wires in this diameter range is positive (type-p) below about 150 K, displaying a peak at around 40 K. In comparison, intrinsic bulk Bi is type-n. Magneto-thermopower effects due to the decrease of surface scattering when the cyclotron diameter is less than the wire diameter are demonstrated. The measurements are interpreted in terms of a model of diffusive thermopower, where the mobility limitations posed by hole-boundary scattering are much less severe than those due to electron-hole scattering.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we present a study of electronic transport in individual bi nanowires of large diameter relative to the fermi wavelength measurements of the resistance and thermopower of intrinsic and sndoped bi wires with various wire diameters ranging from 150480 nm have been carried out over a wide range of temperatures 4300 k and magnetic fields 014 t we find that the thermopower of intrinsic bi wires in this diameter range is positive typep below about 150 k displaying a peak at around 40 k in comparison intrinsic bulk bi is typen magnetothermopower effects due to the decrease of surface scattering when the cyclotron diameter is less than the wire diameter are demonstrated the measurements are interpreted in terms of a model of diffusive thermopower where the mobility limitations posed by holeboundary scattering are much less severe than those due to electronhole scattering
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711.0011
Homology of the curve complex and the Steinberg module of the mapping class group
By the work of Harer, the reduced homology of the complex of curves is a fundamental cohomological object associated to all torsion free finite index subgroups of the mapping class group. We call this homology group the Steinberg module of the mapping class group. It was previously known that the curve complex has the homotopy type of a bouquet of spheres. Here, we give the first explicit homologically nontrivial sphere in the curve complex and show that under the action of the mapping class group, the orbit of this homology class generates the reduced homology of the curve complex.
math.GT
by the work of harer the reduced homology of the complex of curves is a fundamental cohomological object associated to all torsion free finite index subgroups of the mapping class group we call this homology group the steinberg module of the mapping class group it was previously known that the curve complex has the homotopy type of a bouquet of spheres here we give the first explicit homologically nontrivial sphere in the curve complex and show that under the action of the mapping class group the orbit of this homology class generates the reduced homology of the curve complex
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711.0012
Stringy Generalization of the First Law of Thermodynamics for Rotating BTZ Black Hole with a Cosmological Constant as State Parameter
In this paper we will show that using the cosmological constant as a new thermodynamical state variable, the differential and integral mass formulas of the first law of thermodynamics for asymptotic flat spacetimes can be extended to be used at the two horizons of the (2+1) dimensional BTZ black hole. We also extend this equations to the stringy description of the BTZ black hole, in which two new systems that resemble the right and left modes of effective string theory, are defined in terms of the inner and outer horizons.
gr-qc
in this paper we will show that using the cosmological constant as a new thermodynamical state variable the differential and integral mass formulas of the first law of thermodynamics for asymptotic flat spacetimes can be extended to be used at the two horizons of the 21 dimensional btz black hole we also extend this equations to the stringy description of the btz black hole in which two new systems that resemble the right and left modes of effective string theory are defined in terms of the inner and outer horizons
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711.0013
Optimal Concentration for SU(1,1) Coherent State Transforms and an analogue of the Lieb-Wehrl Conjecture for SU(1,1)
We derive a lower bound for the Wehrl entropy in the setting of SU(1,1). For asymptotically high values of the quantum number k, this bound coincides with the analogue of the Lieb-Wehrl conjecture for SU(1,1) coherent states. The bound on the entropy is proved via a sharp norm bound. The norm bound is deduced by using an interesting identity for Fisher information of SU(1,1) coherent state transforms and a new family of sharp Sobolev inequalities on the hyperbolic plane. To prove the sharpness of our Sobolev inequality, we need to first prove a uniqueness theorem for solutions of a semi-linear Poisson equation (which is actually the Euler-Lagrange equation for the variational problem associated with our sharp Sobolev inequality) on the hyperbolic plane. Uniqueness theorems proved for similar semi-linear equations in the past do not apply here and the new features of our proof are of independent interest, as are some of the consequences we derive from the new family of Sobolev inequalities.
math-ph math.MP
we derive a lower bound for the wehrl entropy in the setting of su11 for asymptotically high values of the quantum number k this bound coincides with the analogue of the liebwehrl conjecture for su11 coherent states the bound on the entropy is proved via a sharp norm bound the norm bound is deduced by using an interesting identity for fisher information of su11 coherent state transforms and a new family of sharp sobolev inequalities on the hyperbolic plane to prove the sharpness of our sobolev inequality we need to first prove a uniqueness theorem for solutions of a semilinear poisson equation which is actually the eulerlagrange equation for the variational problem associated with our sharp sobolev inequality on the hyperbolic plane uniqueness theorems proved for similar semilinear equations in the past do not apply here and the new features of our proof are of independent interest as are some of the consequences we derive from the new family of sobolev inequalities
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711.0014
Quantum loop models and the non-abelian toric code
I define quantum loop models whose degrees of freedom are Ising spins on the square lattice as in the toric code, but where the excitations should have non-abelian statistics. The inner product is topological, allowing a direct implementation of the anyonic fusion matrix on the lattice. It also makes deconfined anyons possible for a variety of values of the weight per loop $d$ in the ground state. For d=\sqrt{2}, a gapped non-abelian topological phase can occur with only four-spin interactions.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.str-el quant-ph
i define quantum loop models whose degrees of freedom are ising spins on the square lattice as in the toric code but where the excitations should have nonabelian statistics the inner product is topological allowing a direct implementation of the anyonic fusion matrix on the lattice it also makes deconfined anyons possible for a variety of values of the weight per loop d in the ground state for dsqrt2 a gapped nonabelian topological phase can occur with only fourspin interactions
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711.0015
Electric dipole-forbidden nuclear transitions driven by super-intense laser fields
Electric dipole-forbidden transitions of nuclei interacting with super-intense laser fields are investigated considering stable isotopes with suitable low-lying first excited states. Different classes of transitions are identified, and all magnetic sublevels corresponding to the near-resonantly driven nuclear transition are included in the description of the nuclear quantum system. We find that large transition matrix elements and convenient resonance energies qualify nuclear M1 transitions as good candidates for the coherent driving of nuclei. We discuss the implications of resonant interaction of intense laser fields with nuclei beyond the dipole approximation for the controlled preparation of excited nuclear states and important aspects of possible experiments aimed at observing these effects.
nucl-th
electric dipoleforbidden transitions of nuclei interacting with superintense laser fields are investigated considering stable isotopes with suitable lowlying first excited states different classes of transitions are identified and all magnetic sublevels corresponding to the nearresonantly driven nuclear transition are included in the description of the nuclear quantum system we find that large transition matrix elements and convenient resonance energies qualify nuclear m1 transitions as good candidates for the coherent driving of nuclei we discuss the implications of resonant interaction of intense laser fields with nuclei beyond the dipole approximation for the controlled preparation of excited nuclear states and important aspects of possible experiments aimed at observing these effects
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711.0016
Tutte chromatic identities from the Temperley-Lieb algebra
This paper introduces a conceptual framework, in the context of quantum topology and the algebras underlying it, for analyzing relations obeyed by the chromatic polynomial \chi(Q) of planar graphs. Using it we give new proofs and substantially extend a number of classical results concerning the combinatorics of the chromatic polynomial. In particular, we show that Tutte's golden identity is a consequence of level-rank duality for SO(N) topological quantum field theories and Birman-Murakami-Wenzl algebras. This identity is a remarkable feature of the chromatic polynomial relating \chi({\phi+2}) for any triangulation of the sphere to (\chi({\phi+1}))^2 for the same graph, where \phi denotes the golden ratio. The new viewpoint presented here explains that Tutte's identity is special to these values of the parameter Q. A natural context for analyzing such properties of the chromatic polynomial is provided by the {\em chromatic algebra}, whose Markov trace is the chromatic polynomial of an associated graph. We use it to show that another identity of Tutte's for the chromatic polynomial at Q={\phi}+1 arises from a Jones-Wenzl projector in the Temperley-Lieb algebra. We generalize this identity to each value Q= 2+2\cos(2\pi j/(n+1)) for j< n positive integers. When j=1, these Q are the Beraha numbers, where the existence of such identities was conjectured by Tutte. We present a recursive formula for this sequence of chromatic polynomial relations.
math.CO cond-mat.stat-mech math.GT math.QA
this paper introduces a conceptual framework in the context of quantum topology and the algebras underlying it for analyzing relations obeyed by the chromatic polynomial chiq of planar graphs using it we give new proofs and substantially extend a number of classical results concerning the combinatorics of the chromatic polynomial in particular we show that tuttes golden identity is a consequence of levelrank duality for son topological quantum field theories and birmanmurakamiwenzl algebras this identity is a remarkable feature of the chromatic polynomial relating chiphi2 for any triangulation of the sphere to chiphi12 for the same graph where phi denotes the golden ratio the new viewpoint presented here explains that tuttes identity is special to these values of the parameter q a natural context for analyzing such properties of the chromatic polynomial is provided by the em chromatic algebra whose markov trace is the chromatic polynomial of an associated graph we use it to show that another identity of tuttes for the chromatic polynomial at qphi1 arises from a joneswenzl projector in the temperleylieb algebra we generalize this identity to each value q 22cos2pi jn1 for j n positive integers when j1 these q are the beraha numbers where the existence of such identities was conjectured by tutte we present a recursive formula for this sequence of chromatic polynomial relations
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711.0017
On fractional Brownian motion limits in one dimensional nearest-neighbor symmetric simple exclusion
A well-known result with respect to the one dimensional nearest-neighbor symmetric simple exclusion process is the convergence to fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter 1/4, in the sense of finite-dimensional distributions, of the subdiffusively rescaled current across the origin, and the subdiffusively rescaled tagged particle position. The purpose of this note is to improve this convergence to a functional central limit theorem, with respect to the uniform topology, and so complete the solution to a conjecture in the literature with respect to simple exclusion processes.
math.PR
a wellknown result with respect to the one dimensional nearestneighbor symmetric simple exclusion process is the convergence to fractional brownian motion with hurst parameter 14 in the sense of finitedimensional distributions of the subdiffusively rescaled current across the origin and the subdiffusively rescaled tagged particle position the purpose of this note is to improve this convergence to a functional central limit theorem with respect to the uniform topology and so complete the solution to a conjecture in the literature with respect to simple exclusion processes
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711.0018
Flux-dominated solar dynamo model with a thin shear layer
Flux-dominated solar dynamo models have demonstrated to reproduce the main features of the large scale solar magnetic cycle, however the use of a solar like differential rotation profile implies in the the formation of strong toroidal magnetic fields at high latitudes where they are not observed. In this work, we invoke the hypothesis of a thin-width tachocline in order to confine the high-latitude toroidal magnetic fields to a small area below the overshoot layer, thus avoiding its influence on a Babcock-Leighton type dynamo process. Our results favor a dynamo operating inside the convection zone with a tachocline that essentially works as a storage region when it coincides with the overshoot layer.
astro-ph
fluxdominated solar dynamo models have demonstrated to reproduce the main features of the large scale solar magnetic cycle however the use of a solar like differential rotation profile implies in the the formation of strong toroidal magnetic fields at high latitudes where they are not observed in this work we invoke the hypothesis of a thinwidth tachocline in order to confine the highlatitude toroidal magnetic fields to a small area below the overshoot layer thus avoiding its influence on a babcockleighton type dynamo process our results favor a dynamo operating inside the convection zone with a tachocline that essentially works as a storage region when it coincides with the overshoot layer
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711.0019
X-ray properties of an Unbiased Hard X-ray Detected Sample of AGN
The SWIFT gamma ray observatory's Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) has detected a sample of active galactic nuclei (AGN) based solely on their hard X-ray flux (14-195 keV). In this paper, we present for the first time {\it XMM-Newton} X-ray spectra for 22 BAT AGNs with no previously analyzed X-ray spectra. If our sources are a representative sample of the BAT AGN, as we claim, our results present for the first time global X-ray properties of an unbiased towards absorption (n$_H < 3 \times 10^{25}$ cm$^{-2}$), local ($<z> = 0.03$), AGN sample. We find 9/22 low absorption (n$_H < 10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$), simple power law model sources, where 4 of these sources have a statistically significant soft component. Among these sources, we find the presence of a warm absorber statistically significant for only one Seyfert 1 source, contrasting with the ASCA results of \citet{rey97} and \citet{geo98}, who find signatures of warm absorption in half or more of their Seyfert 1 samples at similar redshifts. Additionally, the remaining sources (14/22) have more complex spectra, well-fit by an absorbed power law at $E > 2.0$ keV. Five of the complex sources are classified as Compton-thick candidates. Further, we find four more sources with properties consistent with the hidden/buried AGN reported by Ueda {\it et al.} (2007). Finally, we include a comparison of the {\it XMM-Newton} EPIC spectra with available SWIFT X-ray Telescope (XRT) observations. From these comparisons, we find 6/16 sources with varying column densities, 6/16 sources with varying power law indices, and 13/16 sources with varying fluxes, over periods of hours to months. Flux and power law index are correlated for objects where both parameters vary.
astro-ph
the swift gamma ray observatorys burst alert telescope bat has detected a sample of active galactic nuclei agn based solely on their hard xray flux 14195 kev in this paper we present for the first time it xmmnewton xray spectra for 22 bat agns with no previously analyzed xray spectra if our sources are a representative sample of the bat agn as we claim our results present for the first time global xray properties of an unbiased towards absorption n_h 3 times 1025 cm2 local z 003 agn sample we find 922 low absorption n_h 1023 cm2 simple power law model sources where 4 of these sources have a statistically significant soft component among these sources we find the presence of a warm absorber statistically significant for only one seyfert 1 source contrasting with the asca results of citetrey97 and citetgeo98 who find signatures of warm absorption in half or more of their seyfert 1 samples at similar redshifts additionally the remaining sources 1422 have more complex spectra wellfit by an absorbed power law at e 20 kev five of the complex sources are classified as comptonthick candidates further we find four more sources with properties consistent with the hiddenburied agn reported by ueda it et al 2007 finally we include a comparison of the it xmmnewton epic spectra with available swift xray telescope xrt observations from these comparisons we find 616 sources with varying column densities 616 sources with varying power law indices and 1316 sources with varying fluxes over periods of hours to months flux and power law index are correlated for objects where both parameters vary
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711.002
Aspects of nonmetricity in gravity theories
In this work, we show that a class of metric-affine gravities can be reduced to a Riemann-Cartan one. The reduction is based on the cancelation of the nonmetricity against the symmetric components of the spin connection. A heuristic proof, in the Einstein-Cartan formalism, is performed in the special case of diagonal unitary tangent metric tensor. The result is that the nonmetric degrees of freedom decouple from the geometry. Thus, from the point of view of isometries on the tangent manifold, the equivalence might be viewed as an isometry transition from the affine group to the Lorentz group, $A(d,\mathbb{R})\longmapsto SO(d)$. Furthermore, in this transition, depending on the form of the starting action, the nonmetricity degrees might present a dynamical matter field character, with no geometric interpretation in the Riemann-Cartan geometry.
hep-th gr-qc
in this work we show that a class of metricaffine gravities can be reduced to a riemanncartan one the reduction is based on the cancelation of the nonmetricity against the symmetric components of the spin connection a heuristic proof in the einsteincartan formalism is performed in the special case of diagonal unitary tangent metric tensor the result is that the nonmetric degrees of freedom decouple from the geometry thus from the point of view of isometries on the tangent manifold the equivalence might be viewed as an isometry transition from the affine group to the lorentz group admathbbrlongmapsto sod furthermore in this transition depending on the form of the starting action the nonmetricity degrees might present a dynamical matter field character with no geometric interpretation in the riemanncartan geometry
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711.0021
Baryon masses with improved staggered quarks
The MILC collaboration's simulations with improved staggered quarks are being extended with runs at a lattice spacing of 0.06 fm with quark masses down to one tenth the strange quark mass. We give a brief introduction to these new simulations and the determination of the lattice spacing. Then we combine these new runs with older results to study the masses of the nucleon and the Omega minus in the continuum and chiral limits.
hep-lat
the milc collaborations simulations with improved staggered quarks are being extended with runs at a lattice spacing of 006 fm with quark masses down to one tenth the strange quark mass we give a brief introduction to these new simulations and the determination of the lattice spacing then we combine these new runs with older results to study the masses of the nucleon and the omega minus in the continuum and chiral limits
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711.0022
Natural inflation in 5D warped backgrounds
In light of the five-year data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), we discuss models of inflation based on the pseudo Nambu-Goldstone potential predicted in five-dimensional gauge theories for different backgrounds: flat Minkowski, anti-de Sitter, and dilatonic spacetime. In this framework, the inflaton potential is naturally flat due to shift symmetries and the mass scales associated with it are related to 5D geometrical quantities.
hep-ph
in light of the fiveyear data from the wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe wmap we discuss models of inflation based on the pseudo nambugoldstone potential predicted in fivedimensional gauge theories for different backgrounds flat minkowski antide sitter and dilatonic spacetime in this framework the inflaton potential is naturally flat due to shift symmetries and the mass scales associated with it are related to 5d geometrical quantities
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711.0023
On the phase diagram of QCD at finite isospin density
Using a canonical formalism, we determine the equation of state and the phase diagram of eight-flavour QCD, as a function of temperature and isospin density. Two mechanisms are at work: Bose condensation of pions at high density, and deconfinement at high temperature. We study their interplay and find that on our small and coarse lattice the first order deconfinement transition appears to end at a critical point at finite density. We investigate the strength of the overlap and of the sign problems and discuss implications for the baryonic density case.
hep-lat hep-ph
using a canonical formalism we determine the equation of state and the phase diagram of eightflavour qcd as a function of temperature and isospin density two mechanisms are at work bose condensation of pions at high density and deconfinement at high temperature we study their interplay and find that on our small and coarse lattice the first order deconfinement transition appears to end at a critical point at finite density we investigate the strength of the overlap and of the sign problems and discuss implications for the baryonic density case
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711.0024
QCD finite T transition -- Comparison between Wilson and staggered results
A quantitative comparison between the finite temperature behaviour of the staggered and Wilson fermion formulations are performed. The comparison is based on a physical quantity that is expected to be quite sensitive to the fermionic features of the action. For that purpose we use the height of the peak for $d\chi_s/dT$, where $\chi_s$ is the quark number susceptibility.
hep-lat
a quantitative comparison between the finite temperature behaviour of the staggered and wilson fermion formulations are performed the comparison is based on a physical quantity that is expected to be quite sensitive to the fermionic features of the action for that purpose we use the height of the peak for dchi_sdt where chi_s is the quark number susceptibility
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711.0025
Dualities in equivariant Kasparov theory
We study several duality isomorphisms between equivariant bivariant K-theory groups, generalising Kasparov's first and second Poincare duality isomorphisms. We use the first duality to define an equivariant generalisation of Lefschetz invariants of generalised self-maps. The second duality is related to the description of bivariant Kasparov theory for commutative C*-algebras by families of elliptic pseudodifferential operators. For many groupoids, both dualities apply to a universal proper G-space. This is a basic requirement for the dual Dirac method and allows us to describe the Baum-Connes assembly map via localisation of categories.
math.KT
we study several duality isomorphisms between equivariant bivariant ktheory groups generalising kasparovs first and second poincare duality isomorphisms we use the first duality to define an equivariant generalisation of lefschetz invariants of generalised selfmaps the second duality is related to the description of bivariant kasparov theory for commutative calgebras by families of elliptic pseudodifferential operators for many groupoids both dualities apply to a universal proper gspace this is a basic requirement for the dual dirac method and allows us to describe the baumconnes assembly map via localisation of categories
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711.0026
A Novel Precise Method for Correcting the Temperature in Stellar Atmosphere Models
A mayor problem that arises in the computation of stellar atmosphere models is the self consistent determination of the temperature distribution via the constraint of energy conservation. The energy balance includes the gains due to the absorption of radiation and the losses due to emission. It is well known that within each one of the two above integrals the part corresponding to spectral ranges whose opacity X(nu) is huge can overcome by many orders of magnitude the part that corresponds to the remaining frequencies. On the other hand, at those frequencies where X(nu) is very large, the mean intensity J(nu) of the radiation field shall be equal, up to many significant digits, to the source function S(nu) and consequently to the Planck function B(nu,T). Then their net share to the energy balance shall be null, albeit separately their contributions to the gain and loss integrals are the most important numerically. Thus the spectral range whose physical contribution to the overall balance is null will dominate numerically both sides of the energy balance equation, and consequently the errors on the determination of J(nu) and S(nu) at these frequencies will falsify the balance. It is possible to circumvent the numerical problem brought about by the foregoing circumstances by solving the radiative transfer equation for the variable I(n,nu) - S(nu), instead of the customary intensity I(n,nu). We present here a novel iterative algorithm, based on iteration factors already employed by us with success, which makes it possible a fast correction of the temperature by computing directly the difference between the radiative losses and gains at each step of the iterations.
astro-ph
a mayor problem that arises in the computation of stellar atmosphere models is the self consistent determination of the temperature distribution via the constraint of energy conservation the energy balance includes the gains due to the absorption of radiation and the losses due to emission it is well known that within each one of the two above integrals the part corresponding to spectral ranges whose opacity xnu is huge can overcome by many orders of magnitude the part that corresponds to the remaining frequencies on the other hand at those frequencies where xnu is very large the mean intensity jnu of the radiation field shall be equal up to many significant digits to the source function snu and consequently to the planck function bnut then their net share to the energy balance shall be null albeit separately their contributions to the gain and loss integrals are the most important numerically thus the spectral range whose physical contribution to the overall balance is null will dominate numerically both sides of the energy balance equation and consequently the errors on the determination of jnu and snu at these frequencies will falsify the balance it is possible to circumvent the numerical problem brought about by the foregoing circumstances by solving the radiative transfer equation for the variable innu snu instead of the customary intensity innu we present here a novel iterative algorithm based on iteration factors already employed by us with success which makes it possible a fast correction of the temperature by computing directly the difference between the radiative losses and gains at each step of the iterations
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711.0027
Equivariant Lefschetz maps for simplicial complexes and smooth manifolds
Let X be a locally compact space with a continuous proper action of a locally compact group G. Assuming that X satisfies a certain kind of duality in equivariant bivariant Kasparov theory, we can enrich the classical construction of Lefschetz numbers to equivariant K-homology classes. We compute the Lefschetz invariants for self-maps of finite-dimensional simplicial complexes and of self-maps of smooth manifolds. The resulting invariants are independent of the extra structure used to compute them. Since smooth manifolds can be triangulated, we get two formulas for the same Lefschetz invariant in these cases. The resulting identity is closely related to the equivariant Lefschetz Fixed Point Theorem of Luck and Rosenberg.
math.KT
let x be a locally compact space with a continuous proper action of a locally compact group g assuming that x satisfies a certain kind of duality in equivariant bivariant kasparov theory we can enrich the classical construction of lefschetz numbers to equivariant khomology classes we compute the lefschetz invariants for selfmaps of finitedimensional simplicial complexes and of selfmaps of smooth manifolds the resulting invariants are independent of the extra structure used to compute them since smooth manifolds can be triangulated we get two formulas for the same lefschetz invariant in these cases the resulting identity is closely related to the equivariant lefschetz fixed point theorem of luck and rosenberg
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711.0028
Selected topics on tau physics
The B Factories have generated a large amount of new results on the tau lepton. The present status of some selected topics on tau physics is presented: charged-current universality tests, bounds on lepton-flavour violation, the determination of alpha_s from the inclusive tau hadronic width, and the measurement of |V_{us}| through the Cabibbo-suppressed decays of the tau lepton.
hep-ph hep-ex
the b factories have generated a large amount of new results on the tau lepton the present status of some selected topics on tau physics is presented chargedcurrent universality tests bounds on leptonflavour violation the determination of alpha_s from the inclusive tau hadronic width and the measurement of v_us through the cabibbosuppressed decays of the tau lepton
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711.0029
Superfluid and Mott Insulating shells of bosons in harmonically confined optical lattices
Weakly interacting atomic or molecular bosons in quantum degenerate regime and trapped in harmonically confined optical lattices, exhibit a wedding cake structure consisting of insulating (Mott) shells. It is shown that superfluid regions emerge between Mott shells as a result of fluctuations due to finite hopping. It is found that the order parameter equation in the superfluid regions is not of the Gross-Pitaeviskii type except near the insulator to superfluid boundaries. The excitation spectra in the Mott and superfluid regions are obtained, and it is shown that the superfluid shells posses low energy sound modes with spatially dependent sound velocity described by a local index of refraction directly related to the local superfluid density. Lastly, the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition and vortex-antivortex pairs are discussed in thin (wide) superfluid shells (rings) limited by three (two) dimensional Mott regions.
cond-mat.other
weakly interacting atomic or molecular bosons in quantum degenerate regime and trapped in harmonically confined optical lattices exhibit a wedding cake structure consisting of insulating mott shells it is shown that superfluid regions emerge between mott shells as a result of fluctuations due to finite hopping it is found that the order parameter equation in the superfluid regions is not of the grosspitaeviskii type except near the insulator to superfluid boundaries the excitation spectra in the mott and superfluid regions are obtained and it is shown that the superfluid shells posses low energy sound modes with spatially dependent sound velocity described by a local index of refraction directly related to the local superfluid density lastly the berezinskiikosterlitzthouless transition and vortexantivortex pairs are discussed in thin wide superfluid shells rings limited by three two dimensional mott regions
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711.003
Four-vertex Model and Random Tilings
The exactly solvable four-vertex model on a square grid with the different boundary conditions is considered. The application of the Algebraic Bethe Ansatz method allows to calculate the partition function of the model. For the fixed boundary conditions the connection of the scalar product of the state vectors with the generating function of the column and row strict boxed plane partitions is established. Tiling model on a periodic grid is discussed.
cond-mat.stat-mech
the exactly solvable fourvertex model on a square grid with the different boundary conditions is considered the application of the algebraic bethe ansatz method allows to calculate the partition function of the model for the fixed boundary conditions the connection of the scalar product of the state vectors with the generating function of the column and row strict boxed plane partitions is established tiling model on a periodic grid is discussed
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711.0031
Metastable Supersymmetry Breaking in a Cooling Universe
I put metastable supersymmetry breaking in a cosmological context. I argue that under reasonable assumptions, the cooling down early Universe favors metastable SUSY-breaking vacua over the stable supersymmetric vacua. To illustrate the general argument, I analyze the early-Universe history of the Intriligator-Seiberg-Shih model.
hep-th hep-ph
i put metastable supersymmetry breaking in a cosmological context i argue that under reasonable assumptions the cooling down early universe favors metastable susybreaking vacua over the stable supersymmetric vacua to illustrate the general argument i analyze the earlyuniverse history of the intriligatorseibergshih model
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711.0032
Model-independent measurement of the W boson helicity in top quark decays
We present the first model-independent measurement of the helicity of $W$ bosons produced in top quark decays, based on a 1 fb$^{-1}$ sample of candidate $t\bar{t}$ events in the dilepton and lepton plus jets channels collected by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron $p\bar{p}$ Collider. We reconstruct the angle $\theta^*$ between the momenta of the down-type fermion and the top quark in the $W$ boson rest frame for each top quark decay. A fit of the resulting \costheta distribution finds that the fraction of longitudinal $W$ bosons $f_0 = 0.425 \pm 0.166 \hbox{(stat.)} \pm 0.102 \hbox{(syst.)}$ and the fraction of right-handed $W$ bosons $f_+ = 0.119 \pm 0.090 \hbox{(stat.)} \pm 0.053 \hbox{(syst.)}$, which is consistent at the 30% C.L. with the standard model.
hep-ex
we present the first modelindependent measurement of the helicity of w bosons produced in top quark decays based on a 1 fb1 sample of candidate tbart events in the dilepton and lepton plus jets channels collected by the d0 detector at the fermilab tevatron pbarp collider we reconstruct the angle theta between the momenta of the downtype fermion and the top quark in the w boson rest frame for each top quark decay a fit of the resulting costheta distribution finds that the fraction of longitudinal w bosons f_0 0425 pm 0166 hboxstat pm 0102 hboxsyst and the fraction of righthanded w bosons f_ 0119 pm 0090 hboxstat pm 0053 hboxsyst which is consistent at the 30 cl with the standard model
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711.0033
The Metallicity Dependence of Wolf-Rayet Mass Loss
We produce models of early WN, WC, and WO stars as a function of metallicity Z using an analytic CAK-type approach. At log(Z / Z_sun) >= -2 both WN and WC stars have the approximate dependence Mdot \propto Z^{0.5}. For a WN wind the mass-loss rate drops rapidly below log(Z / Z_sun) = -2, and no wind solution can be found for log(Z / Z_sun) < -3. For WC and WO winds the mass-loss rate plummets in the range -3 <= log(Z / Z_sun) <= -2 and tends to flatten due to the self-enrichment of C and O to around 10^{-8} M_sun yr^{-1} for log(Z / Z_sun) <= -4. No significant difference in Mdot was found for WC versus WO stars at low metallicity.
astro-ph
we produce models of early wn wc and wo stars as a function of metallicity z using an analytic caktype approach at logz z_sun 2 both wn and wc stars have the approximate dependence mdot propto z05 for a wn wind the massloss rate drops rapidly below logz z_sun 2 and no wind solution can be found for logz z_sun 3 for wc and wo winds the massloss rate plummets in the range 3 logz z_sun 2 and tends to flatten due to the selfenrichment of c and o to around 108 m_sun yr1 for logz z_sun 4 no significant difference in mdot was found for wc versus wo stars at low metallicity
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711.0034
A universal tool for determining the time delay and the frequency shift of light: Synge's world function
In almost all of the studies devoted to the time delay and the frequency shift of light, the calculations are based on the integration of the null geodesic equations. However, the above-mentioned effects can be calculated without integrating the geodesic equations if one is able to determine the bifunction $\Omega(x_A, x_B)$ giving half the squared geodesic distance between two points $x_A$ and $x_B$ (this bifunction may be called Synge's world function). In this lecture, $\Omega(x_A, x_B)$ is determined up to the order $1/c^3$ within the framework of the PPN formalism. The case of a stationary gravitational field generated by an isolated, slowly rotating axisymmetric body is studied in detail. The calculation of the time delay and the frequency shift is carried out up to the order $1/c^4$. Explicit formulae are obtained for the contributions of the mass, of the quadrupole moment and of the internal angular momentum when the only post-Newtonian parameters different from zero are $\beta$ and $\gamma$. It is shown that the frequency shift induced by the mass quadrupole moment of the Earth at the order $1/c^3$ will amount to $10^{-16}$ in spatial experiments like the ESA's Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space mission. Other contributions are briefly discussed.
gr-qc
in almost all of the studies devoted to the time delay and the frequency shift of light the calculations are based on the integration of the null geodesic equations however the abovementioned effects can be calculated without integrating the geodesic equations if one is able to determine the bifunction omegax_a x_b giving half the squared geodesic distance between two points x_a and x_b this bifunction may be called synges world function in this lecture omegax_a x_b is determined up to the order 1c3 within the framework of the ppn formalism the case of a stationary gravitational field generated by an isolated slowly rotating axisymmetric body is studied in detail the calculation of the time delay and the frequency shift is carried out up to the order 1c4 explicit formulae are obtained for the contributions of the mass of the quadrupole moment and of the internal angular momentum when the only postnewtonian parameters different from zero are beta and gamma it is shown that the frequency shift induced by the mass quadrupole moment of the earth at the order 1c3 will amount to 1016 in spatial experiments like the esas atomic clock ensemble in space mission other contributions are briefly discussed
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711.0035
The Point Processes of the GRW Theory of Wave Function Collapse
The Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber (GRW) theory is a physical theory that, when combined with a suitable ontology, provides an explanation of quantum mechanics. The so-called collapse of the wave function is problematic in conventional quantum theory but not in the GRW theory, in which it is governed by a stochastic law. A possible ontology is the flash ontology, according to which matter consists of random points in space-time, called flashes. The joint distribution of these points, a point process in space-time, is the topic of this work. The mathematical results concern mainly the existence and uniqueness of this distribution for several variants of the theory. Particular attention is paid to the relativistic version of the GRW theory that I developed in 2004.
math-ph math.MP quant-ph
the ghirardiriminiweber grw theory is a physical theory that when combined with a suitable ontology provides an explanation of quantum mechanics the socalled collapse of the wave function is problematic in conventional quantum theory but not in the grw theory in which it is governed by a stochastic law a possible ontology is the flash ontology according to which matter consists of random points in spacetime called flashes the joint distribution of these points a point process in spacetime is the topic of this work the mathematical results concern mainly the existence and uniqueness of this distribution for several variants of the theory particular attention is paid to the relativistic version of the grw theory that i developed in 2004
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711.0036
Moduli flow and non-supersymmetric AdS attractors
We investigate the attractor mechanism in gauged supergravity in the presence of higher derivatives terms. In particular, we discuss the attractor behaviour of static black hole horizons in anti-de Sitter spacetime by using the effective potential approach as well as Sen's entropy function formalism. We use the holographic techniques to interpret the moduli flow as an RG flow towards the IR attractor horizon. We find that the holographic c-function obeys the expected properties and point out some subtleties in understanding attractors in AdS.
hep-th gr-qc
we investigate the attractor mechanism in gauged supergravity in the presence of higher derivatives terms in particular we discuss the attractor behaviour of static black hole horizons in antide sitter spacetime by using the effective potential approach as well as sens entropy function formalism we use the holographic techniques to interpret the moduli flow as an rg flow towards the ir attractor horizon we find that the holographic cfunction obeys the expected properties and point out some subtleties in understanding attractors in ads
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711.0037
Optical Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts, the Discovery of Supernovae 2005bv, 2005ee, and 2006ak, and Searches for Transients Using the "MASTER" Robotic Telescope
We present the results of observations obtained using the MASTER robotic telescope in 2005 - 2006, including the earliest observations of the optical emission of the gamma-ray bursts GRB 050824 and GRB 060926. Together with later observations, these data yield the brightness-variation law t^{-0.55+-0.05} for GRB 050824. An optical flare was detected in GRB 060926 - a brightness enhancement that repeated the behavior observed in the X-ray variations. The spectrum of GRB 060926 is found to be F_E ~ E^-\beta, where \beta = 1.0+-0.2. Limits on the optical brightnesses of 26 gamma-ray bursts have been derived, 9 of these for the first time. Data for more than 90% of the accessible sky down to $19^m$ were taken and reduced in real time during the survey. A database has been composed based on these data. Limits have been placed on the rate of optical flares that are not associated with detected gamma-ray bursts, and on the opening angle for the beams of gamma-ray bursts. Three new supernovae have been discovered: SN 2005bv (type Ia) - the first to be discovered on Russian territory, SN 2005ee - one of the most powerful type II supernovae known, and SN 2006ak (type Ia). We have obtained an image of SN 2006X during the growth stage and a light curve that fully describes the brightness maximum and exponential decay. A new method for searching for optical transients of gamma-ray bursts detected using triangulation from various spacecraft is proposed and tested.
astro-ph
we present the results of observations obtained using the master robotic telescope in 2005 2006 including the earliest observations of the optical emission of the gammaray bursts grb 050824 and grb 060926 together with later observations these data yield the brightnessvariation law t055005 for grb 050824 an optical flare was detected in grb 060926 a brightness enhancement that repeated the behavior observed in the xray variations the spectrum of grb 060926 is found to be f_e ebeta where beta 1002 limits on the optical brightnesses of 26 gammaray bursts have been derived 9 of these for the first time data for more than 90 of the accessible sky down to 19m were taken and reduced in real time during the survey a database has been composed based on these data limits have been placed on the rate of optical flares that are not associated with detected gammaray bursts and on the opening angle for the beams of gammaray bursts three new supernovae have been discovered sn 2005bv type ia the first to be discovered on russian territory sn 2005ee one of the most powerful type ii supernovae known and sn 2006ak type ia we have obtained an image of sn 2006x during the growth stage and a light curve that fully describes the brightness maximum and exponential decay a new method for searching for optical transients of gammaray bursts detected using triangulation from various spacecraft is proposed and tested
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711.0038
Detection of an oscillatory phenomenon in optical transient counterpart of GRB090522C from observations on Peak Terskol
22 Sep 2005 Swift-BAT triggered and located GRB050922C. The light curve shows the intense broad peak with $T_{90}$ of $(5 \pm 1)$ s. The Nordic Optical Telescope has obtained spectra of the afterglow with several absorption features corresponding to a redshift of $z = 2.17 \pm 0.03$. Observation of optical transient of GRB050922C was carried out in the R-band with the 60-cm telescope equipped with a CCD on Peak Terskol (North Caucasus). The OT magnitude was fading from R $\approx 16$ to $\approx 17.5$. Detection of an oscillatory phenomenon in the R post-burst light curve is described in this work. Analysis of the R data reveals coherent harmonic with a period of $0.0050 \pm 0.0003$ days (7.2 min) during observing run of about 0.05 days ($\sim 70$ min). Amplitude of oscillations is about 0.05 magnitude. The simplest model suggests that GRB050922C may result from tidal disruption of a white dwarf star by a black hole of about one thousand solar mass. The periodicity in the light curve can be identified with relativistic precession of an accretion disc.
astro-ph
22 sep 2005 swiftbat triggered and located grb050922c the light curve shows the intense broad peak with t_90 of 5 pm 1 s the nordic optical telescope has obtained spectra of the afterglow with several absorption features corresponding to a redshift of z 217 pm 003 observation of optical transient of grb050922c was carried out in the rband with the 60cm telescope equipped with a ccd on peak terskol north caucasus the ot magnitude was fading from r approx 16 to approx 175 detection of an oscillatory phenomenon in the r postburst light curve is described in this work analysis of the r data reveals coherent harmonic with a period of 00050 pm 00003 days 72 min during observing run of about 005 days sim 70 min amplitude of oscillations is about 005 magnitude the simplest model suggests that grb050922c may result from tidal disruption of a white dwarf star by a black hole of about one thousand solar mass the periodicity in the light curve can be identified with relativistic precession of an accretion disc
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711.0039
Quantum Cloning of Continuous Variable Entangled States
We consider the quantum cloning of continuous variable entangled states. This is achieved by introducing two symmetric entanglement cloning machines (or e-cloners): a local e-cloner and a global e-cloner; where we look at the preservation of entanglement in the clones under the condition that the fidelity of the clones is maximized. These cloning machines are implemented using simple linear optical elements such as beam splitters and homodyne detection along with squeeze gates. We show that the global e-cloner out-performs the local e-cloner both in terms of the fidelity of the cloned states as well as the strength of the entanglement of the clones. There is a minimum strength of entanglement (3dB for the inseparability criterion and 5.7dB for the EPR paradox criterion) of the input state of the global e-cloner that is required to preserve the entanglement in the clones.
quant-ph
we consider the quantum cloning of continuous variable entangled states this is achieved by introducing two symmetric entanglement cloning machines or ecloners a local ecloner and a global ecloner where we look at the preservation of entanglement in the clones under the condition that the fidelity of the clones is maximized these cloning machines are implemented using simple linear optical elements such as beam splitters and homodyne detection along with squeeze gates we show that the global ecloner outperforms the local ecloner both in terms of the fidelity of the cloned states as well as the strength of the entanglement of the clones there is a minimum strength of entanglement 3db for the inseparability criterion and 57db for the epr paradox criterion of the input state of the global ecloner that is required to preserve the entanglement in the clones
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711.004
On the uniqueness of smooth, stationary black holes in vacuum
We prove a conditional "no hair" theorem for smooth manifolds: if $E$ is the domain of outer communication of a smooth, regular, stationary Einstein vacuum, and if a technical condition relating the Ernst potential and Killing scalar is satisfied on the bifurcate sphere, then $E$ is locally isometric to the domain of outer communication of a Kerr space-time.
gr-qc math.AP
we prove a conditional no hair theorem for smooth manifolds if e is the domain of outer communication of a smooth regular stationary einstein vacuum and if a technical condition relating the ernst potential and killing scalar is satisfied on the bifurcate sphere then e is locally isometric to the domain of outer communication of a kerr spacetime
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711.0041
Global Attraction to Solitary Waves in Models Based on the Klein-Gordon Equation
We review recent results on global attractors of U(1)-invariant dispersive Hamiltonian systems. We study several models based on the Klein-Gordon equation and sketch the proof that in these models, under certain generic assumptions, the weak global attractor is represented by the set of all solitary waves. In general, the attractors may also contain multifrequency solitary waves; we give examples of systems which contain such solutions.
math.AP math-ph math.MP
we review recent results on global attractors of u1invariant dispersive hamiltonian systems we study several models based on the kleingordon equation and sketch the proof that in these models under certain generic assumptions the weak global attractor is represented by the set of all solitary waves in general the attractors may also contain multifrequency solitary waves we give examples of systems which contain such solutions
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711.0042
Uniqueness results for ill posed characteristic problems in curved space-times
We prove two uniqueness theorems for solutions of linear and nonlinear wave equations; the first theorem is in the Minkowski space while the second is in the domain of outer communication of a Kerr black hole. Both theorems concern ill posed Cauchy problems on smooth, bifurcate, characteristic hypersurfaces. In the case of the Kerr space-time this hypersurface is the event horizon of the black hole.
gr-qc math.AP
we prove two uniqueness theorems for solutions of linear and nonlinear wave equations the first theorem is in the minkowski space while the second is in the domain of outer communication of a kerr black hole both theorems concern ill posed cauchy problems on smooth bifurcate characteristic hypersurfaces in the case of the kerr spacetime this hypersurface is the event horizon of the black hole
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711.0043
The resource theory of quantum reference frames: manipulations and monotones
Every restriction on quantum operations defines a resource theory, determining how quantum states that cannot be prepared under the restriction may be manipulated and used to circumvent the restriction. A superselection rule is a restriction that arises through the lack of a classical reference frame and the states that circumvent it (the resource) are quantum reference frames. We consider the resource theories that arise from three types of superselection rule, associated respectively with lacking: (i) a phase reference, (ii) a frame for chirality, and (iii) a frame for spatial orientation. Focussing on pure unipartite quantum states (and in some cases restricting our attention even further to subsets of these), we explore single-copy and asymptotic manipulations. In particular, we identify the necessary and sufficient conditions for a deterministic transformation between two resource states to be possible and, when these conditions are not met, the maximum probability with which the transformation can be achieved. We also determine when a particular transformation can be achieved reversibly in the limit of arbitrarily many copies and find the maximum rate of conversion. A comparison of the three resource theories demonstrates that the extent to which resources can be interconverted decreases as the strength of the restriction increases. Along the way, we introduce several measures of frameness and prove that these are monotonically nonincreasing under various classes of operations that are permitted by the superselection rule.
quant-ph
every restriction on quantum operations defines a resource theory determining how quantum states that cannot be prepared under the restriction may be manipulated and used to circumvent the restriction a superselection rule is a restriction that arises through the lack of a classical reference frame and the states that circumvent it the resource are quantum reference frames we consider the resource theories that arise from three types of superselection rule associated respectively with lacking i a phase reference ii a frame for chirality and iii a frame for spatial orientation focussing on pure unipartite quantum states and in some cases restricting our attention even further to subsets of these we explore singlecopy and asymptotic manipulations in particular we identify the necessary and sufficient conditions for a deterministic transformation between two resource states to be possible and when these conditions are not met the maximum probability with which the transformation can be achieved we also determine when a particular transformation can be achieved reversibly in the limit of arbitrarily many copies and find the maximum rate of conversion a comparison of the three resource theories demonstrates that the extent to which resources can be interconverted decreases as the strength of the restriction increases along the way we introduce several measures of frameness and prove that these are monotonically nonincreasing under various classes of operations that are permitted by the superselection rule
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711.0044
Entanglement of group-II-like atoms with fast measurement for quantum information processing
We construct a scheme for the preparation, pairwise entanglement via exchange interaction, manipulation, and measurement of individual group-II-like neutral atoms (Yb, Sr, etc.). Group-II-like atoms proffer important advantages over alkali metals, including long-lived optical-transition qubits that enable fast manipulation and measurement. Our scheme provides a promising approach for producing weighted graph states, entangled resources for quantum communication, and possible application to fundamental tests of Bell inequalities that close both detection and locality loopholes.
quant-ph
we construct a scheme for the preparation pairwise entanglement via exchange interaction manipulation and measurement of individual groupiilike neutral atoms yb sr etc groupiilike atoms proffer important advantages over alkali metals including longlived opticaltransition qubits that enable fast manipulation and measurement our scheme provides a promising approach for producing weighted graph states entangled resources for quantum communication and possible application to fundamental tests of bell inequalities that close both detection and locality loopholes
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711.0045
Softly broken $\mu\leftrightarrow\tau$ symmetry in the minimal see-saw model
Neutrino oscillations data indicates that neutrino mixings are consistent with an apparent $\nu_\mu - \nu_\tau$ exchange symmetry in neutrino mass matrix. We observe that in the mininimally extended standard model with the see-saw mechanism, one can impose $\mu\leftrightarrow\tau$ symmetry at the tree level on all Lagrangian terms, but for the mass difference among $\mu$ and $\tau$ leptons. In the absence of any new extra physics, this mass difference becomes the only source for the breaking of such a symmetry, which induces, via radiative corrections, small but predictable values for $\theta_{13}$, and for the deviation of $\theta_{ATM}$ from maximallity. In the CP conserving case, the predictions only depend on neutrino mass hierarchy and may provide a unique way to test for new physics with neutrino experiments.
hep-ph
neutrino oscillations data indicates that neutrino mixings are consistent with an apparent nu_mu nu_tau exchange symmetry in neutrino mass matrix we observe that in the mininimally extended standard model with the seesaw mechanism one can impose muleftrightarrowtau symmetry at the tree level on all lagrangian terms but for the mass difference among mu and tau leptons in the absence of any new extra physics this mass difference becomes the only source for the breaking of such a symmetry which induces via radiative corrections small but predictable values for theta_13 and for the deviation of theta_atm from maximallity in the cp conserving case the predictions only depend on neutrino mass hierarchy and may provide a unique way to test for new physics with neutrino experiments
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711.0046
The von Neumann-Wigner theorem in quantum dot molecules
We show that electrons in coupled quantum dots characterized by high aspect ratios undergo abrupt density rotations when the dots are biased into an asymmetric confinement configuration. Density rotations occur with electron transfer to a single dot, and give rise to sharp variations of the exchange coupling between electrons as a function of inter-dot detuning. Our analysis based on exact diagonalization technique indicates that this unusual behavior is in agreement with the von Neumann-Wigner theorem that dictates the variations of the energy spectrum from the symmetries of the molecular states during the detuning process. It is also shown that the overall effect is quenched by the presence of magnetic fields, which by adding angular momentum to the electron motion affects the spatial symmetry of the molecular states.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we show that electrons in coupled quantum dots characterized by high aspect ratios undergo abrupt density rotations when the dots are biased into an asymmetric confinement configuration density rotations occur with electron transfer to a single dot and give rise to sharp variations of the exchange coupling between electrons as a function of interdot detuning our analysis based on exact diagonalization technique indicates that this unusual behavior is in agreement with the von neumannwigner theorem that dictates the variations of the energy spectrum from the symmetries of the molecular states during the detuning process it is also shown that the overall effect is quenched by the presence of magnetic fields which by adding angular momentum to the electron motion affects the spatial symmetry of the molecular states
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711.0047
Tunable quantum interference: How to make morning, noon, and afternoon states
We show that the N-photon states produced by interference between laser light and downconverted light at the input of a two path interferometer can be characterized by a single tuning parameter that describes a transition from phase squeezing to nearly maximal path entanglement and back. The quantum states are visualized on a sphere using the analogy between N-photon interference and the spin-N/2 algebra.
quant-ph
we show that the nphoton states produced by interference between laser light and downconverted light at the input of a two path interferometer can be characterized by a single tuning parameter that describes a transition from phase squeezing to nearly maximal path entanglement and back the quantum states are visualized on a sphere using the analogy between nphoton interference and the spinn2 algebra
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711.0048
Declarative Diagnosis of Floundering
Many logic programming languages have delay primitives which allow coroutining. This introduces a class of bug symptoms -- computations can flounder when they are intended to succeed or finitely fail. For concurrent logic programs this is normally called deadlock. Similarly, constraint logic programs can fail to invoke certain constraint solvers because variables are insufficiently instantiated or constrained. Diagnosing such faults has received relatively little attention to date. Since delay primitives affect the procedural but not the declarative view of programs, it may be expected that debugging would have to consider the often complex details of interleaved execution. However, recent work on semantics has suggested an alternative approach. In this paper we show how the declarative debugging paradigm can be used to diagnose unexpected floundering, insulating the user from the complexities of the execution. Keywords: logic programming, coroutining, delay, debugging, floundering, deadlock, constraints
cs.PL cs.SE
many logic programming languages have delay primitives which allow coroutining this introduces a class of bug symptoms computations can flounder when they are intended to succeed or finitely fail for concurrent logic programs this is normally called deadlock similarly constraint logic programs can fail to invoke certain constraint solvers because variables are insufficiently instantiated or constrained diagnosing such faults has received relatively little attention to date since delay primitives affect the procedural but not the declarative view of programs it may be expected that debugging would have to consider the often complex details of interleaved execution however recent work on semantics has suggested an alternative approach in this paper we show how the declarative debugging paradigm can be used to diagnose unexpected floundering insulating the user from the complexities of the execution keywords logic programming coroutining delay debugging floundering deadlock constraints
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711.0049
SO(4) symmetry in the relativistic hydrogen atom
We show that the relativistic hydrogen atom possesses an SO(4) symmetry by introducing a kind of pseudo-spin vector operator. The same SO(4) symmetry is still preserved in the relativistic quantum system in presence of an U(1) monopolar vector potential as well as a nonabelian vector potential. Lamb shift and SO(4) symmetry breaking are also discussed.
quant-ph
we show that the relativistic hydrogen atom possesses an so4 symmetry by introducing a kind of pseudospin vector operator the same so4 symmetry is still preserved in the relativistic quantum system in presence of an u1 monopolar vector potential as well as a nonabelian vector potential lamb shift and so4 symmetry breaking are also discussed
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711.005
Characterization of nanometer-sized, mechanically exfoliated graphene on the H-passivated Si(100) surface using scanning tunnelling microscopy
We have developed a method for depositing graphene monolayers and bilayers with minimum lateral dimensions of 2-10 nm by the mechanical exfoliation of graphite onto the Si(100)-2x1:H surface. Room temperature, ultra-high vacuum (UHV) tunnelling spectroscopy measurements of nanometer-sized single-layer graphene reveal a size dependent energy gap ranging from 0.1-1 eV. Furthermore, the number of graphene layers can be directly determined from scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) topographic contours. This atomistic study provides an experimental basis for probing the electronic structure of nanometer-sized graphene which can assist the development of graphene-based nanoelectronics.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall
we have developed a method for depositing graphene monolayers and bilayers with minimum lateral dimensions of 210 nm by the mechanical exfoliation of graphite onto the si1002x1h surface room temperature ultrahigh vacuum uhv tunnelling spectroscopy measurements of nanometersized singlelayer graphene reveal a size dependent energy gap ranging from 011 ev furthermore the number of graphene layers can be directly determined from scanning tunnelling microscopy stm topographic contours this atomistic study provides an experimental basis for probing the electronic structure of nanometersized graphene which can assist the development of graphenebased nanoelectronics
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711.0051
Direct Evidence from Spitzer for a low-luminosity AGN at the center of the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 315
We present the {\it Spitzer} Space Telescope InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) and Multiband Imaging Photometer (MIPS) observations of the elliptical galaxy NGC 315. After removal of the host galaxy's stellar emission, we detected for the first time an infrared-red nucleus in NGC 315. We measured the spectral energy distribution (SED) for this active nucleus with wavelength range covering from radio to X-ray, and obtained the bolometric luminosity of $\rm L_{bol} \approx 1.9 \times 10^{43} ergs s^{-1}$, corresponding to an extremely low Eddington ratio (L/L$_{\rm Edd}$) of 4.97 $\times$ 10$^{-4}$. Our results confirm that the physical nature of the nucleus of NGC 315 is a low-luminosity AGN, consistent with the recent optical and {\it Chandra} X-ray observations.
astro-ph
we present the it spitzer space telescope infrared array camera irac and multiband imaging photometer mips observations of the elliptical galaxy ngc 315 after removal of the host galaxys stellar emission we detected for the first time an infraredred nucleus in ngc 315 we measured the spectral energy distribution sed for this active nucleus with wavelength range covering from radio to xray and obtained the bolometric luminosity of rm l_bol approx 19 times 1043 ergs s1 corresponding to an extremely low eddington ratio ll_rm edd of 497 times 104 our results confirm that the physical nature of the nucleus of ngc 315 is a lowluminosity agn consistent with the recent optical and it chandra xray observations
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711.0052
TriMinimal Parametrization of the Neutrino Mixing Matrix
Current experimental data on neutrino mixing are very well described by TriBiMaximal mixing. Accordingly, any phenomenological parametrization of the MNSP matrix must build upon TriBiMaximal mixing. We propose one particularly natural parametrization, which we call "TriMinimal". The three small deviations of the PDG angles from their TriBiMaximal values, and the PDG phase, parametrize the TriMinimal mixing matrix. As an important example of the utility of this new parametrization, we present the simple resulting expressions for the flavor-mixing probabilities of atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos. As no foreseeable experiment will be sensitive to more than second order in the small parameters, we expand these flavor probabilities to second order.
hep-ph astro-ph hep-ex
current experimental data on neutrino mixing are very well described by tribimaximal mixing accordingly any phenomenological parametrization of the mnsp matrix must build upon tribimaximal mixing we propose one particularly natural parametrization which we call triminimal the three small deviations of the pdg angles from their tribimaximal values and the pdg phase parametrize the triminimal mixing matrix as an important example of the utility of this new parametrization we present the simple resulting expressions for the flavormixing probabilities of atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos as no foreseeable experiment will be sensitive to more than second order in the small parameters we expand these flavor probabilities to second order
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711.0053
Study of TeV Neutrinos with Upward Showering Muons in Super-Kamiokande
A subset of neutrino-induced upward through-going muons in the Super-Kamiokande detector consists of high energy muons which lose energy through radiative processes such as bremsstrahlung, e^{+} e^{-} pair production and photonuclear interactions. These ``upward showering muons'' comprise an event sample whose mean parent neutrino energy is approximately 1 TeV. We show that the zenith angle distribution of upward showering muons is consistent with negligible distortion due to neutrino oscillations, as expected of such a high-energy neutrino sample. We present astronomical searches using these high energy events, such as those from WIMP annihilations in the Sun, Earth and Galactic Center, some suspected point sources, as well as searches for diffuse flux from the interstellar medium.
hep-ex astro-ph.HE
a subset of neutrinoinduced upward throughgoing muons in the superkamiokande detector consists of high energy muons which lose energy through radiative processes such as bremsstrahlung e e pair production and photonuclear interactions these upward showering muons comprise an event sample whose mean parent neutrino energy is approximately 1 tev we show that the zenith angle distribution of upward showering muons is consistent with negligible distortion due to neutrino oscillations as expected of such a highenergy neutrino sample we present astronomical searches using these high energy events such as those from wimp annihilations in the sun earth and galactic center some suspected point sources as well as searches for diffuse flux from the interstellar medium
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711.0054
S-duality in N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories
A solution to the infinite coupling problem for N=2 conformal supersymmetric gauge theories in four dimensions is presented. The infinitely-coupled theories are argued to be interacting superconformal field theories (SCFTs) with weakly gauged flavor groups. Consistency checks of this proposal are found by examining some low-rank examples. As part of these checks, we show how to compute new exact quantities in these SCFTs: the central charges of their flavor current algebras. Also, the isolated rank 1 E_6 and E_7 SCFTs are found as limits of Lagrangian field theories.
hep-th
a solution to the infinite coupling problem for n2 conformal supersymmetric gauge theories in four dimensions is presented the infinitelycoupled theories are argued to be interacting superconformal field theories scfts with weakly gauged flavor groups consistency checks of this proposal are found by examining some lowrank examples as part of these checks we show how to compute new exact quantities in these scfts the central charges of their flavor current algebras also the isolated rank 1 e_6 and e_7 scfts are found as limits of lagrangian field theories
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711.0055
Complex projective scheme approach to the geometrical structures of multipartite quantum systems
In this paper, I will discuss the geometrical structures of multipartite quantum systems based on complex projective schemes. In particular, I will explicitly construct multi-qubit states in terms of these schemes and also discuss separability and entanglement of bipartite and multipartite quantum states. These results give some geometrical insight to the fascinating quantum mechanical phenomena of entanglement which is fundamentally important and has many applications in the field of quantum computing.
quant-ph
in this paper i will discuss the geometrical structures of multipartite quantum systems based on complex projective schemes in particular i will explicitly construct multiqubit states in terms of these schemes and also discuss separability and entanglement of bipartite and multipartite quantum states these results give some geometrical insight to the fascinating quantum mechanical phenomena of entanglement which is fundamentally important and has many applications in the field of quantum computing
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711.0056
Lorentz Invariance Violation and Symmetry in Randers--Finsler Spaces
Lorentz Invariance violation is a common feature of new physics beyond the standard model. We show that the symmetry of Randers spaces deduces a modified dispersion relation with characteristics of Lorentz Invariance violation. The counterparts of the Lorentz transformation in the Einstein's Special Relativity are presented explicitly. The coordinate transformations are unitary and form a group. Generators and algebra satisfied by them are different from usual Lorentz ones. The Randersian line element as well as speed of light is invariant under the transformations. In particular, there is another invariant speed which may be related with Planck scale and the mass of moving particle. Thus, the Randers spaces is a suitable framework to discuss the Lorentz Invariance violation.
hep-th
lorentz invariance violation is a common feature of new physics beyond the standard model we show that the symmetry of randers spaces deduces a modified dispersion relation with characteristics of lorentz invariance violation the counterparts of the lorentz transformation in the einsteins special relativity are presented explicitly the coordinate transformations are unitary and form a group generators and algebra satisfied by them are different from usual lorentz ones the randersian line element as well as speed of light is invariant under the transformations in particular there is another invariant speed which may be related with planck scale and the mass of moving particle thus the randers spaces is a suitable framework to discuss the lorentz invariance violation
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711.0057
Cohen-Macaulay modules and holonomic modules over filtered rings
We study Gorenstein dimension and grade of a module $M$ over a filtered ring whose assosiated graded ring is a commutative Noetherian ring. An equality or an inequality between these invariants of a filtered module and its associated graded module is the most valuable property for an investigation of filtered rings. We prove an inequality G-dim$M\leq{G-dim gr}M$ and an equality ${\rm grade}M={\rm grade gr}M$, whenever Gorenstein dimension of ${\rm gr}M$ is finite (Theorems 2.3 and 2.8). We would say that the use of G-dimension adds a new viewpoint for studying filtered rings and modules. We apply these results to a filtered ring with a Cohen-Macaulay or Gorenstein associated graded ring and study a Cohen-Macaulay, perfect or holonomic module.
math.RA math.AC
we study gorenstein dimension and grade of a module m over a filtered ring whose assosiated graded ring is a commutative noetherian ring an equality or an inequality between these invariants of a filtered module and its associated graded module is the most valuable property for an investigation of filtered rings we prove an inequality gdimmleqgdim grm and an equality rm grademrm grade grm whenever gorenstein dimension of rm grm is finite theorems 23 and 28 we would say that the use of gdimension adds a new viewpoint for studying filtered rings and modules we apply these results to a filtered ring with a cohenmacaulay or gorenstein associated graded ring and study a cohenmacaulay perfect or holonomic module
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711.0058
Development of simulation package for atomic processes of ultra-large-scale system based on electronic structure theory
An early-stage version of simulation package is developed for electronic structure calculation and dynamics of atom process in large-scale systems, particularly, nm-scale or 10nm-scale systems. We adopted the Extensible Markup Language (XML)-style in the input and the output of our simulation code, and developed some modeling and analysis tools for dynamical simulations of atomic processes. GaAs bulk system was calculated to demonstrate that the present code can handle systems with more than one atom specie.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
an earlystage version of simulation package is developed for electronic structure calculation and dynamics of atom process in largescale systems particularly nmscale or 10nmscale systems we adopted the extensible markup language xmlstyle in the input and the output of our simulation code and developed some modeling and analysis tools for dynamical simulations of atomic processes gaas bulk system was calculated to demonstrate that the present code can handle systems with more than one atom specie
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711.0059
Point-contact search for antiferromagnetic giant magnetoresistance
We report the first measurements of effects of large current densities on current-perpendicular-to-plane magnetoresistance (MR) of magnetic multilayers containing two antiferromagnetic layers separated by a non-magnetic layer. These measurements were intended to search for a recently predicted antiferromagnetic giant magnetoresistance (AGMR) similar to GMR seen in multilayers containing two ferromagnetic layers separated by a non-magnetic layer. We report on MR measurements for current injected from point contacts into sandwiches containing different combinations of layers of F = CoFe and AFM = FeMn. In addition to: AFM/N/AFM, F/AFM/N/AFM, and F/AFM/N/AFM/F structures, initial results led us to examine also AFM/F/N/AFM, F/AFM, and single F- and AFM-layer structures. At low currents, no MR was observed in any samples, and no MR was observed at any current densities in samples containing only AFMs. Together, these results indicate that no AGMR is present in these samples. In samples containing F-layers, high current densities sometimes produced a small positive MR - largest resistance at high fields. For a given contact resistance, this MR was usually larger for thicker F-layers, and for a given current, it was usually larger for larger contact resistances (smaller contacts). We tentatively attribute this positive MR to suppression at high currents of spin accumulation induced around and within the F-layers.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we report the first measurements of effects of large current densities on currentperpendiculartoplane magnetoresistance mr of magnetic multilayers containing two antiferromagnetic layers separated by a nonmagnetic layer these measurements were intended to search for a recently predicted antiferromagnetic giant magnetoresistance agmr similar to gmr seen in multilayers containing two ferromagnetic layers separated by a nonmagnetic layer we report on mr measurements for current injected from point contacts into sandwiches containing different combinations of layers of f cofe and afm femn in addition to afmnafm fafmnafm and fafmnafmf structures initial results led us to examine also afmfnafm fafm and single f and afmlayer structures at low currents no mr was observed in any samples and no mr was observed at any current densities in samples containing only afms together these results indicate that no agmr is present in these samples in samples containing flayers high current densities sometimes produced a small positive mr largest resistance at high fields for a given contact resistance this mr was usually larger for thicker flayers and for a given current it was usually larger for larger contact resistances smaller contacts we tentatively attribute this positive mr to suppression at high currents of spin accumulation induced around and within the flayers
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711.006
Picolitre viscometry using optically rotated particles
Important aspects in the field of microrheology are the studies of the viscosity of fluids within structures with micron dimensions and fluid samples where only microlitre volumes are available. We have quantitatively investigated the performance and accuracy of a microviscometer based on rotating optical tweezers, that requires as little as one microlitre of sample. We have characterised our microviscometer, including effects due to heating, and demonstrated its ability to perform measurements over a large dynamic range of viscosities (at least two orders of magnitude). We have also inserted a probe particle through the membrane of a cell and measured the viscosity of the intramembranous contents. Viscosity measurements of tears have also been made with our microviscometer, which demonstrate its potential use to study un-stimulated eye fluid.
physics.optics physics.bio-ph physics.flu-dyn physics.ins-det
important aspects in the field of microrheology are the studies of the viscosity of fluids within structures with micron dimensions and fluid samples where only microlitre volumes are available we have quantitatively investigated the performance and accuracy of a microviscometer based on rotating optical tweezers that requires as little as one microlitre of sample we have characterised our microviscometer including effects due to heating and demonstrated its ability to perform measurements over a large dynamic range of viscosities at least two orders of magnitude we have also inserted a probe particle through the membrane of a cell and measured the viscosity of the intramembranous contents viscosity measurements of tears have also been made with our microviscometer which demonstrate its potential use to study unstimulated eye fluid
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711.0061
The velocity increase of mass and the classical physics
In the past century it was believed that both the main theories (quantum mechanics and special relativity) predicted the existence of physical processes that could not be explained in the framework of classical physics. However, it has been shown recently that the solutions of Schroedinger equation have described the physical situation practically in full agreement with classical equations. The given equation represents the combination of classical equations with the statistical distribution of corresponding parameters and the properties of microscopic objects may be interpreted on the ontological basis as it corresponds to our sensual knowledge. It will be shown now that also the main experimentally relevant relativistic phenomenon (i.e., the mass increase with velocity) may be interpreted in the framework of classical physics. A different prediction for this increase will be then derived, which gives the possibility to decide on experimental basis which alternative is more preferable (relativistic or classical).
physics.gen-ph
in the past century it was believed that both the main theories quantum mechanics and special relativity predicted the existence of physical processes that could not be explained in the framework of classical physics however it has been shown recently that the solutions of schroedinger equation have described the physical situation practically in full agreement with classical equations the given equation represents the combination of classical equations with the statistical distribution of corresponding parameters and the properties of microscopic objects may be interpreted on the ontological basis as it corresponds to our sensual knowledge it will be shown now that also the main experimentally relevant relativistic phenomenon ie the mass increase with velocity may be interpreted in the framework of classical physics a different prediction for this increase will be then derived which gives the possibility to decide on experimental basis which alternative is more preferable relativistic or classical
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711.0062
Anisotropic fluid with time dependent viscosity coefficients
A spacetime endowed with an anisotropic fluid is proposed for the interior of a Schwarzschild black hole. The geometry has an instantaneous Minkowski form and is a solution of Einstein's equations with a stress tensor on the r.h.s. obeying all the energy conditions. The interior fluid is compressible, with time dependent shear and bulk viscosity coefficients. The energy density $\rho$ and the ''radial'' pressure $p$ observe the equation of state $p + \rho = 0$ (as for dark energy), with no pressures on $\theta-$ and $\phi-$ directions. However, the angular components of the viscous part of the stress tensor are nonvanishing and equals the energy density of the fluid.
hep-th gr-qc
a spacetime endowed with an anisotropic fluid is proposed for the interior of a schwarzschild black hole the geometry has an instantaneous minkowski form and is a solution of einsteins equations with a stress tensor on the rhs obeying all the energy conditions the interior fluid is compressible with time dependent shear and bulk viscosity coefficients the energy density rho and the radial pressure p observe the equation of state p rho 0 as for dark energy with no pressures on theta and phi directions however the angular components of the viscous part of the stress tensor are nonvanishing and equals the energy density of the fluid
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711.0063
On 5D AdS SUSY and Harmonic Superspace
In our recent paper arXiv:0704.1185 [hep-th], we presented the differential geometry of five-dimensional N=1 anti-de Sitter superspace AdS^{5|8}=SU(2,2|1)/SO(4,1) x U(1) and developed the harmonic and the projective superspace settings to formulate off-shell supersymmetric theories in AdS^{5|8}. Here we give a brief review of the geometry and the harmonic superspace construction, and also elaborate on vector supermultiplets.
hep-th
in our recent paper arxiv07041185 hepth we presented the differential geometry of fivedimensional n1 antide sitter superspace ads58su221so41 x u1 and developed the harmonic and the projective superspace settings to formulate offshell supersymmetric theories in ads58 here we give a brief review of the geometry and the harmonic superspace construction and also elaborate on vector supermultiplets
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711.0064
Subnatural linewidth using electromagnetically induced transparency in Doppler-broadened vapor
We obtain subnatural linewidth (i.e. $<\Gamma$) for probe absorption in room-temperature Rb vapor using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a $\Lambda$ system. For stationary atoms, the EIT dip for a resonant control laser is as wide as the control Rabi frequency $\Omega_c$. But in thermal vapor, the moving atoms fill the transparency band so that the final EIT dip remains subnatural even when $\Omega_c > \Gamma$. We observe linewidths as small as $\Gamma/7$ in the $D_2$ line of Rb.
physics.atom-ph physics.optics
we obtain subnatural linewidth ie gamma for probe absorption in roomtemperature rb vapor using electromagnetically induced transparency eit in a lambda system for stationary atoms the eit dip for a resonant control laser is as wide as the control rabi frequency omega_c but in thermal vapor the moving atoms fill the transparency band so that the final eit dip remains subnatural even when omega_c gamma we observe linewidths as small as gamma7 in the d_2 line of rb
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711.0065
Kinematic Density Waves in Accretion Disks
When thin accretion disks around black holes are perturbed, the main restoring force is gravity. If gas pressure, magnetic stresses, and radiation pressure are neglected, the disk remains thin as long as orbits do not intersect. Intersections would result in pressure forces which limit the growth of perturbations. We find that a discrete set of perturbations is possible for which orbits remain non-intersecting for arbitrarily long times. These modes define a discrete set of frequencies. We classify all long-lived perturbations for arbitrary potentials and show how their mode frequencies are related to pattern speeds computed from the azimuthal and epicyclic frequencies. We show that modes are concentrated near radii where the pattern speed has vanishing radial derivative. We explore these modes around Kerr black holes as a possible explanation for the high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations of black hole binaries such as GRO J1655-40. The long-lived modes are shown to coincide with diskoseismic waves in the limit of small sound speed. While the waves have long lifetime, they have the wrong frequencies to explain the pairs of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations observed in black hole binaries.
astro-ph
when thin accretion disks around black holes are perturbed the main restoring force is gravity if gas pressure magnetic stresses and radiation pressure are neglected the disk remains thin as long as orbits do not intersect intersections would result in pressure forces which limit the growth of perturbations we find that a discrete set of perturbations is possible for which orbits remain nonintersecting for arbitrarily long times these modes define a discrete set of frequencies we classify all longlived perturbations for arbitrary potentials and show how their mode frequencies are related to pattern speeds computed from the azimuthal and epicyclic frequencies we show that modes are concentrated near radii where the pattern speed has vanishing radial derivative we explore these modes around kerr black holes as a possible explanation for the highfrequency quasiperiodic oscillations of black hole binaries such as gro j165540 the longlived modes are shown to coincide with diskoseismic waves in the limit of small sound speed while the waves have long lifetime they have the wrong frequencies to explain the pairs of highfrequency quasiperiodic oscillations observed in black hole binaries
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711.0066
Photon statistics from a resonantly driven quantum dot
Photon correlations in the emission of a resonantly driven quantum dot are investigated, accounting for the influence of the solid-state phonon environment. An analytical expression is derived for the second-order fluorescence intensity correlation function, from which regimes of correlated and uncorrelated photon emission are predicted as the driving field is varied. Experiments to investigate this effect would provide valuable insight into quantum dot carrier-phonon dynamics and are feasible with current technology.
cond-mat.mes-hall quant-ph
photon correlations in the emission of a resonantly driven quantum dot are investigated accounting for the influence of the solidstate phonon environment an analytical expression is derived for the secondorder fluorescence intensity correlation function from which regimes of correlated and uncorrelated photon emission are predicted as the driving field is varied experiments to investigate this effect would provide valuable insight into quantum dot carrierphonon dynamics and are feasible with current technology
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711.0067
High-precision measurement of hyperfine structure in the $D$ lines of alkali atoms
We have measured hyperfine structure in the first-excited $P$ state ($D$ lines) of all the naturally-occurring alkali atoms. We use high-resolution laser spectroscopy to resolve hyperfine transitions, and measure intervals by locking the frequency shift produced by an acousto-optic modulator to the difference between two transitions. In most cases, the hyperfine coupling constants derived from our measurements improve previous values significantly.
physics.atom-ph
we have measured hyperfine structure in the firstexcited p state d lines of all the naturallyoccurring alkali atoms we use highresolution laser spectroscopy to resolve hyperfine transitions and measure intervals by locking the frequency shift produced by an acoustooptic modulator to the difference between two transitions in most cases the hyperfine coupling constants derived from our measurements improve previous values significantly
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711.0068
Schreier spectrum of the Hanoi Towers group on three pegs
Finite dimensional representations of the Hanoi Towers group are used to calculate the spectra of the finite graphs associated to the Hanoi Towers Game on three pegs (the group serves as a renorm group for the game). These graphs are Schreier graphs of the action of the Hanoi Towers group on the levels of the rooted ternary tree. The spectrum of the limiting graph (Schreier graph of the action on the boundary of the tree) is also provided.
math.GR math.CO
finite dimensional representations of the hanoi towers group are used to calculate the spectra of the finite graphs associated to the hanoi towers game on three pegs the group serves as a renorm group for the game these graphs are schreier graphs of the action of the hanoi towers group on the levels of the rooted ternary tree the spectrum of the limiting graph schreier graph of the action on the boundary of the tree is also provided
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711.0069
Conditions for the Formation of First-Star Binaries
The fragmentation process of primordial-gas cores during prestellar collapse is studied using three-dimensional nested-grid hydrodynamics. Starting from the initial central number density of n \sim10^3 cm^-3, we follow the evolution of rotating spherical cores up to the stellar density n \simeq 10^{22} cm^-3. An initial condition of the cores is specified by three parameters: the ratios of the rotation and thermal energies to the gravitational energy (\beta_0, and \alpha_0, respectively), and the amplitude of the bar-mode density perturbation (A_\phi). Cores with rotation \beta_0 > 10^{-6} are found to fragment during the collapse. The fragmentation condition hardly depends on either the initial thermal energy \alpha_0 or amplitude of bar-mode perturbation A_\phi. Since the critical rotation parameter for fragmentation is lower than that expected in the first star formation, binaries or multiples are also common for the first stars.
astro-ph
the fragmentation process of primordialgas cores during prestellar collapse is studied using threedimensional nestedgrid hydrodynamics starting from the initial central number density of n sim103 cm3 we follow the evolution of rotating spherical cores up to the stellar density n simeq 1022 cm3 an initial condition of the cores is specified by three parameters the ratios of the rotation and thermal energies to the gravitational energy beta_0 and alpha_0 respectively and the amplitude of the barmode density perturbation a_phi cores with rotation beta_0 106 are found to fragment during the collapse the fragmentation condition hardly depends on either the initial thermal energy alpha_0 or amplitude of barmode perturbation a_phi since the critical rotation parameter for fragmentation is lower than that expected in the first star formation binaries or multiples are also common for the first stars
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711.007
Mirkovic-Vilonen cycles and polytopes for a Symmetric pair
Let $G$ be a connected, simply-connected, and almost simple algebraic group, and let $\sigma$ be a Dynkin automorphism on $G$. In this paper, we get a bijection between the set of $\st$-invariant MV cycles (polytopes) for $G$ and the set of MV cycles (polytopes) for $G^\st$, which is the fixed point subgroup of $G$; moreover, this bijection can be restricted to the set of MV cycles (polytopes) in irreducible representations. As an application, we obtain a new proof of the twining character formula.
math.RT math.AG
let g be a connected simplyconnected and almost simple algebraic group and let sigma be a dynkin automorphism on g in this paper we get a bijection between the set of stinvariant mv cycles polytopes for g and the set of mv cycles polytopes for gst which is the fixed point subgroup of g moreover this bijection can be restricted to the set of mv cycles polytopes in irreducible representations as an application we obtain a new proof of the twining character formula
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711.0071
A modification of the Anderson-Mirkovic conjecture for Mirkovic-Vilonen polytopes in types B and C
We give an explicit description of the (lowering) Kashiwara operators on Mirkovi\'c-Vilonen polytopes in types $B$ and $C$, which provides a simple method for generating Mirkovi\'c-Vilonen polytopes inductively. This description can be thought of as a modification of the original Anderson-Mirkovi\'c conjecture, which Kamnitzer proved in the case of type $A$, and presented a counterexample in the case of type $C_{3}$.
math.QA math.RT
we give an explicit description of the lowering kashiwara operators on mirkovicvilonen polytopes in types b and c which provides a simple method for generating mirkovicvilonen polytopes inductively this description can be thought of as a modification of the original andersonmirkovic conjecture which kamnitzer proved in the case of type a and presented a counterexample in the case of type c_3
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711.0072
Note on the question of Sikora
A natural topology on the set of left orderings on free abelian groups and free groups $F_n$, $n>1$ has studied in [1]. It has been proven already that in the abelian case the resulted topological space is a Cantor set. There was a conjecture: this is also true for the free group $F_n$ with $n>1$ generators. We point out the article dealing with equivalent questions. The answer is "yes".
math.GR
a natural topology on the set of left orderings on free abelian groups and free groups f_n n1 has studied in 1 it has been proven already that in the abelian case the resulted topological space is a cantor set there was a conjecture this is also true for the free group f_n with n1 generators we point out the article dealing with equivalent questions the answer is yes
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711.0073
Third moment of the remainder term for Heisenberg manifolds
Let R(t) be the remainder term in Weyl's law for a 3-dimensional Riemannian Heisenberg manifold with a certain arithmetic metric. We prove a third moment result stating that \int_1^T R(t)^3 dt =d_3 T^(13/4)+O_\delta(T^(45/14+\delta)), where d_3 is a specific positive constant which can be evaluated explicitly. This proves the asymmetric behavior of R(t) about the t-axis. This result is consistent with the conjecture of Petridis and Toth stating that R(t)=O_\delta(t^(3/4+\delta)). Similar results hold for (2n+1)-dimensional Heisenberg manifolds with arithmetic metrics.
math.AP math.SP
let rt be the remainder term in weyls law for a 3dimensional riemannian heisenberg manifold with a certain arithmetic metric we prove a third moment result stating that int_1t rt3 dt d_3 t134o_deltat4514delta where d_3 is a specific positive constant which can be evaluated explicitly this proves the asymmetric behavior of rt about the taxis this result is consistent with the conjecture of petridis and toth stating that rto_deltat34delta similar results hold for 2n1dimensional heisenberg manifolds with arithmetic metrics
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711.0074
Staying positive: going beyond Lindblad with perturbative master equations
The perturbative master equation (Bloch-Redfield) is extensively used to study dissipative quantum mechanics - particularly for qubits - despite the 25 year old criticism that it violates positivity (generating negative probabilities). We take an arbitrary system coupled to an environment containing many degrees-of-freedom, and cast its perturbative master equation (derived from a perturbative treatment of Nakajima-Zwanzig or Schoeller-Schon equations) in the form of a Lindblad master equation. We find that the equation's parameters are time-dependent. This time-dependence is rarely accounted for, and invalidates Lindblad's dynamical semigroup analysis. We analyze one such Bloch-Redfield master equation (for a two-level system coupled to an environment with a short but non-vanishing memory time), which apparently violates positivity. We show analytically that, once the time-dependence of the parameters is accounted for, positivity is preserved.
quant-ph cond-mat.mes-hall
the perturbative master equation blochredfield is extensively used to study dissipative quantum mechanics particularly for qubits despite the 25 year old criticism that it violates positivity generating negative probabilities we take an arbitrary system coupled to an environment containing many degreesoffreedom and cast its perturbative master equation derived from a perturbative treatment of nakajimazwanzig or schoellerschon equations in the form of a lindblad master equation we find that the equations parameters are timedependent this timedependence is rarely accounted for and invalidates lindblads dynamical semigroup analysis we analyze one such blochredfield master equation for a twolevel system coupled to an environment with a short but nonvanishing memory time which apparently violates positivity we show analytically that once the timedependence of the parameters is accounted for positivity is preserved
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711.0075
Bosons after Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Field Theory
We present a unified description of the spontaneous symmetry breaking and its associated bosons in fermion field theory. There is no Goldstone boson in the fermion field theory models of Nambu-Jona-Lasinio, Thirring and QCD$_2$ after the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken in the new vacuum. The defect of the Goldstone theorem is clarified, and the "massless boson" predicted by the theorem is virtual and corresponds to just a $free$ massless fermion and antifermion pair. Further, we discuss the exact spectrum of the Thirring model by the Bethe ansatz solutions, and the analytical expressions of all the physical observables enable us to understand the essence of the spontaneous symmetry breaking in depth. Also, we examine the boson spectrum in QCD$_2$, and show that bosons always have a finite mass for $SU(N_c)$ colors. The problem of the light cone prescription in QCD$_2$ is discussed, and it is shown that the trivial light cone vacuum is responsible for the wrong prediction of the boson mass.
hep-th
we present a unified description of the spontaneous symmetry breaking and its associated bosons in fermion field theory there is no goldstone boson in the fermion field theory models of nambujonalasinio thirring and qcd_2 after the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken in the new vacuum the defect of the goldstone theorem is clarified and the massless boson predicted by the theorem is virtual and corresponds to just a free massless fermion and antifermion pair further we discuss the exact spectrum of the thirring model by the bethe ansatz solutions and the analytical expressions of all the physical observables enable us to understand the essence of the spontaneous symmetry breaking in depth also we examine the boson spectrum in qcd_2 and show that bosons always have a finite mass for sun_c colors the problem of the light cone prescription in qcd_2 is discussed and it is shown that the trivial light cone vacuum is responsible for the wrong prediction of the boson mass
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711.0076
Functional Integrals in Affine Quantum Gravity
A sketch of a recent approach to quantum gravity is presented which involves several unconventional aspects. The basic ingredients include: (1) Affine kinematical variables; (2) Affine coherent states; (3) Projection operator approach for quantum constraints; (4) Continuous-time regularized functional integral representation without/with constraints; and (5) Hard core picture of nonrenormalizability. Emphasis is given to the functional integral expressions.
gr-qc
a sketch of a recent approach to quantum gravity is presented which involves several unconventional aspects the basic ingredients include 1 affine kinematical variables 2 affine coherent states 3 projection operator approach for quantum constraints 4 continuoustime regularized functional integral representation withoutwith constraints and 5 hard core picture of nonrenormalizability emphasis is given to the functional integral expressions
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711.0077
Dark Energy and Dark Gravity
Observations provide increasingly strong evidence that the universe is accelerating. This revolutionary advance in cosmological observations confronts theoretical cosmology with a tremendous challenge, which it has so far failed to meet. Explanations of cosmic acceleration within the framework of general relativity are plagued by difficulties. General relativistic models are nearly all based on a dark energy field with fine-tuned, unnatural properties. There is a great variety of models, but all share one feature in common -- an inability to account for the gravitational properties of the vacuum energy. Speculative ideas from string theory may hold some promise, but it is fair to say that no convincing model has yet been proposed. An alternative to dark energy is that gravity itself may behave differently from general relativity on the largest scales, in such a way as to produce acceleration. The alternative approach of modified gravity (or dark gravity) provides a new angle on the problem, but also faces serious difficulties, including in all known cases severe fine-tuning and the problem of explaining why the vacuum energy does not gravitate. The lack of an adequate theoretical framework for the late-time acceleration of the universe represents a deep crisis for theory -- but also an exciting challenge for theorists. It seems likely that an entirely new paradigm is required to resolve this crisis.
astro-ph
observations provide increasingly strong evidence that the universe is accelerating this revolutionary advance in cosmological observations confronts theoretical cosmology with a tremendous challenge which it has so far failed to meet explanations of cosmic acceleration within the framework of general relativity are plagued by difficulties general relativistic models are nearly all based on a dark energy field with finetuned unnatural properties there is a great variety of models but all share one feature in common an inability to account for the gravitational properties of the vacuum energy speculative ideas from string theory may hold some promise but it is fair to say that no convincing model has yet been proposed an alternative to dark energy is that gravity itself may behave differently from general relativity on the largest scales in such a way as to produce acceleration the alternative approach of modified gravity or dark gravity provides a new angle on the problem but also faces serious difficulties including in all known cases severe finetuning and the problem of explaining why the vacuum energy does not gravitate the lack of an adequate theoretical framework for the latetime acceleration of the universe represents a deep crisis for theory but also an exciting challenge for theorists it seems likely that an entirely new paradigm is required to resolve this crisis
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711.0078
Separability of Dirac equation in higher dimensional Kerr-NUT-de Sitter spacetime
It is shown that the Dirac equations in general higher dimensional Kerr-NUT-de Sitter spacetimes are separated into ordinary differential equations.
hep-th
it is shown that the dirac equations in general higher dimensional kerrnutde sitter spacetimes are separated into ordinary differential equations
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711.0079
Generalized Cosmic Chaplygin Gas Model with or without Interaction
Recently developed Generalized Cosmic Chaplygin gas (GCCG) is studied as an unified model of dark matter and dark energy. To explain the recent accelerating phase, the Universe is assumed to have a mixture of radiation and GCCG. The mixture is considered for without or with interaction. Solutions are obtained for various choices of the parameters and trajectories in the plane of the statefinder parameters and presented graphically. For particular choice of interaction parameter, we have shown the role of statefinder parameters in various cases for the evolution of the Universe.
gr-qc
recently developed generalized cosmic chaplygin gas gccg is studied as an unified model of dark matter and dark energy to explain the recent accelerating phase the universe is assumed to have a mixture of radiation and gccg the mixture is considered for without or with interaction solutions are obtained for various choices of the parameters and trajectories in the plane of the statefinder parameters and presented graphically for particular choice of interaction parameter we have shown the role of statefinder parameters in various cases for the evolution of the universe
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711.008
Degree and component size distributions in generalized uniform recursive tree
We propose a generalized model for uniform recursive tree (URT) by introducing an imperfect growth process, which may generate disconnected components (clusters). The model undergoes an interesting phase transition from a singly connected network to a graph consisting of fully isolated nodes. We investigate the distributions of degree and component sizes by both theoretical predictions and numerical simulations. For the nontrivial cases, we show that the network has an exponential degree distribution while its component size distribution follows a power law, both of which are related to the imperfect growth process. We also predict the growth dynamics of the individual components. All analytical solutions are successfully contrasted with computer simulations.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we propose a generalized model for uniform recursive tree urt by introducing an imperfect growth process which may generate disconnected components clusters the model undergoes an interesting phase transition from a singly connected network to a graph consisting of fully isolated nodes we investigate the distributions of degree and component sizes by both theoretical predictions and numerical simulations for the nontrivial cases we show that the network has an exponential degree distribution while its component size distribution follows a power law both of which are related to the imperfect growth process we also predict the growth dynamics of the individual components all analytical solutions are successfully contrasted with computer simulations
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711.0081
Number of sets with small sumset and the clique number of random Cayley graphs
Let $G$ be a finite abelian group of order $n$. For any subset $B$ of $G$ with $B=-B$, the Cayley graph $G_B$ is a graph on vertex set $G$ in which $ij$ is an edge if and only if $i-j\in B.$ It was shown by Ben Green that when $G$ is a vector space over a finite field $Z/pZ$, then there is a Cayley graph containing neither a complete subgraph nor an independent set of size more than $clog nloglog n,$ where $c$ is an absolute constant. In this article we observe that a modification of his arguments shows that for an arbitrary finite abelian group of order $n$, there is a Cayley graph containing neither a complete subgraph nor an independent set of size more than $c(omega^3(n)log omega(n) +log nloglog n)$, where $c$ is an absolute constant and $omega(n)$ denotes the number of distinct prime divisors of $n$.
math.NT math.CO
let g be a finite abelian group of order n for any subset b of g with bb the cayley graph g_b is a graph on vertex set g in which ij is an edge if and only if ijin b it was shown by ben green that when g is a vector space over a finite field zpz then there is a cayley graph containing neither a complete subgraph nor an independent set of size more than clog nloglog n where c is an absolute constant in this article we observe that a modification of his arguments shows that for an arbitrary finite abelian group of order n there is a cayley graph containing neither a complete subgraph nor an independent set of size more than comega3nlog omegan log nloglog n where c is an absolute constant and omegan denotes the number of distinct prime divisors of n
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711.0082
Meta-Stable Brane Configurations with Multiple NS5-Branes
Starting from an N=1 supersymmetric electric gauge theory with the multiple product gauge group and the bifundamentals, we apply Seiberg dual to each gauge group, obtain the N=1 supersymmetric dual magnetic gauge theories with dual matters including the gauge singlets. Then we describe the intersecting brane configurations, where there are NS-branes and D4-branes(and anti D4-branes), of type IIA string theory corresponding to the meta-stable nonsupersymmetric vacua of this gauge theory. We also discuss the case where the orientifold 4-planes are added into the above brane configuration. Next, by adding an orientifold 6-plane, we apply to an N=1 supersymmetric electric gauge theory with the multiple product gauge group(where a single symplectic or orthogonal gauge group is present) and the bifundamentals. Finally, we describe the other cases where the orientifold 6-plane intersects with NS-brane.
hep-th
starting from an n1 supersymmetric electric gauge theory with the multiple product gauge group and the bifundamentals we apply seiberg dual to each gauge group obtain the n1 supersymmetric dual magnetic gauge theories with dual matters including the gauge singlets then we describe the intersecting brane configurations where there are nsbranes and d4branesand anti d4branes of type iia string theory corresponding to the metastable nonsupersymmetric vacua of this gauge theory we also discuss the case where the orientifold 4planes are added into the above brane configuration next by adding an orientifold 6plane we apply to an n1 supersymmetric electric gauge theory with the multiple product gauge groupwhere a single symplectic or orthogonal gauge group is present and the bifundamentals finally we describe the other cases where the orientifold 6plane intersects with nsbrane
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711.0083
Elliptic curves related to cyclic cubic extensions
The aim of this paper is to study certain family of elliptic curves $\{\mathscr{X}_H\}_H$ defined over a number field $F$ arising from hyperplane sections of some cubic surface $\mathscr{X}/F$ associated to a cyclic cubic extension $K/F$. We show that each $\mathscr{X}_H$ admits a 3-isogeny $\phi$ over $F$ and the dual Selmer group $S^{(\hat{\phi})}(\hat{\mathscr{X}_H}/F)$ is bounded by a kind of unit/class groups attached to $K/F$. This is proven via certain rational function on the elliptic curve $\mathscr{X}_H$ with nice property. We also prove that the Shafarevich-Tate group $\text{\cyr X} (\hat{\mathscr{X}_H}/\rat)[\hat{\phi}]$ coincides with a class group of $K$ as a special case.
math.NT
the aim of this paper is to study certain family of elliptic curves mathscrx_h_h defined over a number field f arising from hyperplane sections of some cubic surface mathscrxf associated to a cyclic cubic extension kf we show that each mathscrx_h admits a 3isogeny phi over f and the dual selmer group shatphihatmathscrx_hf is bounded by a kind of unitclass groups attached to kf this is proven via certain rational function on the elliptic curve mathscrx_h with nice property we also prove that the shafarevichtate group textcyr x hatmathscrx_hrathatphi coincides with a class group of k as a special case
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711.0084
Exchange in multi-defect semiconductor clusters: assessment of `control-qubit' architectures
We present a variational method to calculate the exchange interactions among donor clusters in a semiconductor. Such clusters are candidates for a so-called control-qubit architecture for quantum information, where the effective exchange coupling between two atoms is controlled by the electronic state of a third. We use a combination of the effective-mass approximation and the quantum defect method; our variational ansatz is particularly suited to cases where an excited state of one of the donors (control) is partially delocalised over several different centres, forming an analogue of an extended molecular orbital. Our method allows calculations of the "on/off" ratios of exchange interactions in such cases. We compare exchange interactions when the control is in the "on" and "off" states, and find that both the magnitude and sign of the exchange interactions may be changed. To rationalize the sign-change, we carry out a simple Green's function perturbation-theory calculation. This simple model qualitatively explains the sign change and illustrates its origins both in ring-exchange processes and in the delocalization of the control electron. We also compute probability distributions for the coupling strengths over the ensemble of clusters, and show that excitation of the control causes narrowing of the distributions along with shifts to larger magnitudes and from anti-ferromagnetic to ferromagnetic coupling.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we present a variational method to calculate the exchange interactions among donor clusters in a semiconductor such clusters are candidates for a socalled controlqubit architecture for quantum information where the effective exchange coupling between two atoms is controlled by the electronic state of a third we use a combination of the effectivemass approximation and the quantum defect method our variational ansatz is particularly suited to cases where an excited state of one of the donors control is partially delocalised over several different centres forming an analogue of an extended molecular orbital our method allows calculations of the onoff ratios of exchange interactions in such cases we compare exchange interactions when the control is in the on and off states and find that both the magnitude and sign of the exchange interactions may be changed to rationalize the signchange we carry out a simple greens function perturbationtheory calculation this simple model qualitatively explains the sign change and illustrates its origins both in ringexchange processes and in the delocalization of the control electron we also compute probability distributions for the coupling strengths over the ensemble of clusters and show that excitation of the control causes narrowing of the distributions along with shifts to larger magnitudes and from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic coupling
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711.0085
Twisted p-adic (h,q)-L-functions
By using q-Volkenborn integral on Z_{p}, we (simsek, simsekCanada) constructed new generating functions of the (h,q)-Bernoulli polynomials and numbers. By applying the Mellin transformation to the generating functions, we constructed integral representation of the twisted (h,q)-Hurwitz function and twisted (h,q)-two-variable L-function. By using these functions, we construct twisted new (h,q)-partial zeta function which interpolates the twisted (h,q)-Bernoulli polynomials and generalized twisted (h,q)-Bernoulli numbers at negative integers. We give relation between twisted (h,q)-partial zeta functions and twisted (h,q)-two-variable L-function. We find the value of this function at s=0. We also find residue of this function at s=1. We construct p-adic twisted (h,q)-L-function, which interpolates the twisted (h,q)-Bernoulli polynomials.
math.NT math.GM
by using qvolkenborn integral on z_p we simsek simsekcanada constructed new generating functions of the hqbernoulli polynomials and numbers by applying the mellin transformation to the generating functions we constructed integral representation of the twisted hqhurwitz function and twisted hqtwovariable lfunction by using these functions we construct twisted new hqpartial zeta function which interpolates the twisted hqbernoulli polynomials and generalized twisted hqbernoulli numbers at negative integers we give relation between twisted hqpartial zeta functions and twisted hqtwovariable lfunction we find the value of this function at s0 we also find residue of this function at s1 we construct padic twisted hqlfunction which interpolates the twisted hqbernoulli polynomials
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711.0086
Convex and linear models of NP-problems
Reducing the NP-problems to the convex/linear analysis on the Birkhoff polytope.
cs.DM cs.CC cs.DS math.CO
reducing the npproblems to the convexlinear analysis on the birkhoff polytope
[['reducing', 'the', 'npproblems', 'to', 'the', 'convexlinear', 'analysis', 'on', 'the', 'birkhoff', 'polytope']]
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711.0087
Local vertical measurements and violation of Bell inequality
For two qubits belonging to Alice and Bob, we derive an approach to setup the bound of Bell operator in the condition that Alice and Bob continue to perform local vertical measurements. For pure states we find that if the entanglement of the two qubits is less than 0.2644 (measured with von Neumann entropy) the violation of the Bell inequality will never be realized, and only when the entanglement is equal to 1 the maximal violation ($2\sqrt{2}$) can occur. For specific form of mixed states, we prove that the bound of the Bell inequality depends on the concurrence. Only when the concurrence is greater than 0.6 the violation of the Bell inequality can occur, and the maximal violation can never be achieved. We suggest that the bound of the Bell operator in the condition of local vertical measurements may be used as a measure of the entanglement.
quant-ph
for two qubits belonging to alice and bob we derive an approach to setup the bound of bell operator in the condition that alice and bob continue to perform local vertical measurements for pure states we find that if the entanglement of the two qubits is less than 02644 measured with von neumann entropy the violation of the bell inequality will never be realized and only when the entanglement is equal to 1 the maximal violation 2sqrt2 can occur for specific form of mixed states we prove that the bound of the bell inequality depends on the concurrence only when the concurrence is greater than 06 the violation of the bell inequality can occur and the maximal violation can never be achieved we suggest that the bound of the bell operator in the condition of local vertical measurements may be used as a measure of the entanglement
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711.0088
Dynamical Properties of a Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensate
Within a variational approach to solve the Gross-Pitaevskii equation we investigate dynamical properties of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate which is confined in an anharmonic trap. In particular, we calculate the eigenfrequencies of low-energy excitations out of the equilibrium state and the aspect ratio of the condensate widths during the free expansion.
cond-mat.stat-mech
within a variational approach to solve the grosspitaevskii equation we investigate dynamical properties of a rotating boseeinstein condensate which is confined in an anharmonic trap in particular we calculate the eigenfrequencies of lowenergy excitations out of the equilibrium state and the aspect ratio of the condensate widths during the free expansion
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711.0089
The spectral flow, the Fredholm index, and the spectral shift function
We discuss the well known ``Fredholm index=spectral flow'' theorem and show that it can be interpreted as a limit case of an identity involving two spectral shift functions.
math.SP math.FA
we discuss the well known fredholm indexspectral flow theorem and show that it can be interpreted as a limit case of an identity involving two spectral shift functions
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711.009
On deformations of Ashtekar's constraint algebra
We show that the constraint algebra of Ashtekar's Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity can be non-trivially deformed by allowing the cosmological constant to become an arbitrary function of the (Weyl) curvature. Our result implies that there is not one but infinitely many (parameterized by an arbitrary function) four-dimensional gravity theories propagating two degrees of freedom.
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
we show that the constraint algebra of ashtekars hamiltonian formulation of general relativity can be nontrivially deformed by allowing the cosmological constant to become an arbitrary function of the weyl curvature our result implies that there is not one but infinitely many parameterized by an arbitrary function fourdimensional gravity theories propagating two degrees of freedom
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711.0091
Uniqueness of roots up to conjugacy for some affine and finite type Artin groups
Let $G$ be one of the Artin groups of finite type ${\mathbf B}_n={\mathbf C}_n$, and affine type $\tilde{\mathbf A}_{n-1}$ and $\tilde{\mathbf C}_{n-1}$. In this paper, we show that if $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are elements of $G$ such that $\alpha^k=\beta^k$ for some nonzero integer $k$, then $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are conjugate in $G$. For the Artin group of type $\mathbf A_n$, this was recently proved by J. Gonz\'alez-Meneses. In fact, we prove a stronger theorem, from which the above result follows easily by using descriptions of those Artin groups as subgroups of the braid group on $n+1$ strands. Let $P$ be a subset of $\{1,...,n\}$. An $n$-braid is said to be \emph{$P$-pure} if its induced permutation fixes each $i\in P$, and \emph{$P$-straight} if it is $P$-pure and it becomes trivial when we delete all the $i$-th strands for $i\not\in P$. Exploiting the Nielsen-Thurston classification of braids, we show that if $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are $P$-pure $n$-braids such that $\alpha^k=\beta^k$ for some nonzero integer $k$, then there exists a $P$-straight $n$-braid $\gamma$ with $\beta=\gamma\alpha\gamma^{-1}$. Moreover, if $1\in P$, the conjugating element $\gamma$ can be chosen to have the first strand algebraically unlinked with the other strands. Especially in case of $P=\{1,...,n\}$, our result implies the uniqueness of root of pure braids, which was known by V. G. Bardakov and by D. Kim and D. Rolfsen.
math.GT math.GR
let g be one of the artin groups of finite type mathbf b_nmathbf c_n and affine type tildemathbf a_n1 and tildemathbf c_n1 in this paper we show that if alpha and beta are elements of g such that alphakbetak for some nonzero integer k then alpha and beta are conjugate in g for the artin group of type mathbf a_n this was recently proved by j gonzalezmeneses in fact we prove a stronger theorem from which the above result follows easily by using descriptions of those artin groups as subgroups of the braid group on n1 strands let p be a subset of 1n an nbraid is said to be emphppure if its induced permutation fixes each iin p and emphpstraight if it is ppure and it becomes trivial when we delete all the ith strands for inotin p exploiting the nielsenthurston classification of braids we show that if alpha and beta are ppure nbraids such that alphakbetak for some nonzero integer k then there exists a pstraight nbraid gamma with betagammaalphagamma1 moreover if 1in p the conjugating element gamma can be chosen to have the first strand algebraically unlinked with the other strands especially in case of p1n our result implies the uniqueness of root of pure braids which was known by v g bardakov and by d kim and d rolfsen
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711.0092
On the role of Lifshitz invariants in liquid crystals
The interaction between an external action and the order parameter, via a dependence described by a so-called Lifshitz invariant, is very important to determine the final configuration of the liquid crystal cells. The external action can be an electric field applied to the bulk or the confinement due to free surfaces or cell walls. The Lifshitz invariant includes the order parameter in the form of an elastic strain. This coupling between elastic strains and fields, inserted in a Landau-Ginzburg formalism, is well known and give rise to striction effects causing undulations in the director configuration. We want to discuss here the role of Lifshitz coupling terms, following an approach similar to that introduced by Dzyaloshinskii for magnetic materials. Case studies on nematics in planar and cylindrical cells are also proposed.
cond-mat.soft
the interaction between an external action and the order parameter via a dependence described by a socalled lifshitz invariant is very important to determine the final configuration of the liquid crystal cells the external action can be an electric field applied to the bulk or the confinement due to free surfaces or cell walls the lifshitz invariant includes the order parameter in the form of an elastic strain this coupling between elastic strains and fields inserted in a landauginzburg formalism is well known and give rise to striction effects causing undulations in the director configuration we want to discuss here the role of lifshitz coupling terms following an approach similar to that introduced by dzyaloshinskii for magnetic materials case studies on nematics in planar and cylindrical cells are also proposed
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711.0093
Theory of quantum magneto-oscillations in underdoped cuprate superconductors
Magneto-oscillations in kinetic and magnetic response functions of a few underdoped cuprates are perhaps one of the most striking observations since many probes of underdoped cuprates clearly point to a non Fermi-liquid normal state. Their observation in the vortex state well below the upper critical field raises a doubt concerning their normal state origin. Here I propose an explanation of the magneto-oscillations as emerging from the quantum interference of the vortex lattice and checkerboard modulations of the electron density of states revealed by STM with atomic resolution in some cuprate superconductors. The checkerboard effectively pins the vortex lattice, when the period of the latter is commensurate with the period of the checkerboard. This condition yields 1/\sqrt{B} periodicity of the response functions versus magnetic field B, rather than 1/B periodicity of conventional normal state oscillations. Our solution of the Gross-Pitaevskii-type equation for composed charged bosons accounting for the d-wave symmetry of the order-parameter and its checkerboard modulations describes well changes in resonant frequency of the tunnel-diode oscillator circuit with YBa2Cu4O8 and the oscillatory part of the Hall resistance and magnetic susceptibility in the mixed state of YBa2Cu3O6.5.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
magnetooscillations in kinetic and magnetic response functions of a few underdoped cuprates are perhaps one of the most striking observations since many probes of underdoped cuprates clearly point to a non fermiliquid normal state their observation in the vortex state well below the upper critical field raises a doubt concerning their normal state origin here i propose an explanation of the magnetooscillations as emerging from the quantum interference of the vortex lattice and checkerboard modulations of the electron density of states revealed by stm with atomic resolution in some cuprate superconductors the checkerboard effectively pins the vortex lattice when the period of the latter is commensurate with the period of the checkerboard this condition yields 1sqrtb periodicity of the response functions versus magnetic field b rather than 1b periodicity of conventional normal state oscillations our solution of the grosspitaevskiitype equation for composed charged bosons accounting for the dwave symmetry of the orderparameter and its checkerboard modulations describes well changes in resonant frequency of the tunneldiode oscillator circuit with yba2cu4o8 and the oscillatory part of the hall resistance and magnetic susceptibility in the mixed state of yba2cu3o65
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711.0094
Geometry of A_g and Its Compactifications
In this survey we give a brief introduction to, and review the progress made in the last decade in understanding the geometry of the moduli spaces A_g of principally polarized abelian varieties and its compactifications. Topics surveyed include: compactifications; birational geometry: nef and effective cones, canonical models; homology, Chow rings and intersection theory; and subvarieties of moduli spaces. We also discuss some open problems and possible further directions. This is an expanded and updated version of the talk given at the 2005 Summer Institute for Algebraic Geometry
math.AG
in this survey we give a brief introduction to and review the progress made in the last decade in understanding the geometry of the moduli spaces a_g of principally polarized abelian varieties and its compactifications topics surveyed include compactifications birational geometry nef and effective cones canonical models homology chow rings and intersection theory and subvarieties of moduli spaces we also discuss some open problems and possible further directions this is an expanded and updated version of the talk given at the 2005 summer institute for algebraic geometry
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711.0095
A new analysis method to determine beta-decay half-lives in experiments with complex background
This paper reports the first application of a new technique to measure the beta-decay half -lives of exotic nuclei in complex background conditions. Since standard tools were not adapted to extract the relevant information, a new analysis method was developed. The time distribution of background events is established by recording time correlations in backward time. The beta half lives of the nuclides and the detection efficiency of the set-up are determined simultaneously from a least-squares fit of the ratio of the time-correlation spectra recorded in forward and in backward time, using numerical functions. The necessary numerical functions are calculated in a Monte-Carlo code using the known operation parameters of the experiment and different values for the two free parameters, half-life and detection efficiency, as input parameters.
nucl-ex
this paper reports the first application of a new technique to measure the betadecay half lives of exotic nuclei in complex background conditions since standard tools were not adapted to extract the relevant information a new analysis method was developed the time distribution of background events is established by recording time correlations in backward time the beta half lives of the nuclides and the detection efficiency of the setup are determined simultaneously from a leastsquares fit of the ratio of the timecorrelation spectra recorded in forward and in backward time using numerical functions the necessary numerical functions are calculated in a montecarlo code using the known operation parameters of the experiment and different values for the two free parameters halflife and detection efficiency as input parameters
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711.0096
Symmetric units in modular group algebras
Let p be a prime, G a locally finite p-group, K a commutative ring of characteristic p. The anti-automorphism g\mapsto g\m1 of G extends linearly to an anti-automorphism a\mapsto a^* of KG. An element a of KG is called symmetric if a^*=a. In this paper we answer the question: for which G and K do the symmetric units of KG form a multiplicative group.
math.RA math.GR
let p be a prime g a locally finite pgroup k a commutative ring of characteristic p the antiautomorphism gmapsto gm1 of g extends linearly to an antiautomorphism amapsto a of kg an element a of kg is called symmetric if aa in this paper we answer the question for which g and k do the symmetric units of kg form a multiplicative group
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711.0097
Unitary units in modular group algebras
Let p be a prime, K a field of characteristic p, G a locally finite p-group, KG the group algebra, and V the group of the units of KG with augmentation 1. The anti-automorphism g\mapsto g^{-1} of G extends linearly to KG; this extension leaves V setwise invariant, and its restriction to V followed by v\mapsto v^{-1} lives an automorphism of V. The elements of V fixed by this automorphism are called unitary; they form a subgroup. Our first theorem describes the K and G for which this subgroup is normal in V. For each element g in G, let \bar{g} denote the sum (in KG) of the distinct powers of g. The elements 1+(g-1)h\bar{g} with g,h\in G are the bicyclic units of KG. Our second theorem describes the K and G for which all bicyclic units are unitary.
math.RA math.GR
let p be a prime k a field of characteristic p g a locally finite pgroup kg the group algebra and v the group of the units of kg with augmentation 1 the antiautomorphism gmapsto g1 of g extends linearly to kg this extension leaves v setwise invariant and its restriction to v followed by vmapsto v1 lives an automorphism of v the elements of v fixed by this automorphism are called unitary they form a subgroup our first theorem describes the k and g for which this subgroup is normal in v for each element g in g let barg denote the sum in kg of the distinct powers of g the elements 1g1hbarg with ghin g are the bicyclic units of kg our second theorem describes the k and g for which all bicyclic units are unitary
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711.0098
Structure of metastable 2D liquid helium
We present diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) results on a new metastable, superfluid phase above the crystal ground state in two-dimensional 4He at densities > 0.065 1/A^2. The state is anisotropic with hexatic orbital order. This implies that the liquid--solid phase transition has two stages: A second order phase transition from the isotropic superfluid to the hexatic superfluid, followed by a first order transition that localizes atoms into the triangular crystal order. This metastable hexatic phase has finite condensate fraction and it provides a natural explanation for the superflow in the supersolid grain boundaries.
cond-mat.other cond-mat.stat-mech
we present diffusion monte carlo dmc results on a new metastable superfluid phase above the crystal ground state in twodimensional 4he at densities 0065 1a2 the state is anisotropic with hexatic orbital order this implies that the liquidsolid phase transition has two stages a second order phase transition from the isotropic superfluid to the hexatic superfluid followed by a first order transition that localizes atoms into the triangular crystal order this metastable hexatic phase has finite condensate fraction and it provides a natural explanation for the superflow in the supersolid grain boundaries
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711.0099
Detection of faint companions through stochastic speckle discrimination
We propose a new post-processing technique for the detection of faint companions from a sequence of adaptive optics corrected short exposures. The algorithm exploits the difference in shape between the on-axis and off-axis irradiance distributions and it does not require the signal to be above the noise level. We show that the method is particularly useful in dealing with static speckles. Its application to real and simulated data gives excellent results in the low-signal regime where it outperforms the standard approach of computing signal-to-noise ratio on one long exposure. We also show that accurate noise estimation in adaptive optics images of close companions is rendered impossible due to the presence of static speckles. This new method provides means of reliable estimation of the confidence intervals for the detection hypothesis.
astro-ph
we propose a new postprocessing technique for the detection of faint companions from a sequence of adaptive optics corrected short exposures the algorithm exploits the difference in shape between the onaxis and offaxis irradiance distributions and it does not require the signal to be above the noise level we show that the method is particularly useful in dealing with static speckles its application to real and simulated data gives excellent results in the lowsignal regime where it outperforms the standard approach of computing signaltonoise ratio on one long exposure we also show that accurate noise estimation in adaptive optics images of close companions is rendered impossible due to the presence of static speckles this new method provides means of reliable estimation of the confidence intervals for the detection hypothesis
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711.01
Relationship between ferroelectricity and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in multiferroics and the effect of bond-bending
We studied the microscopic mechanism of multiferroics, in particular with the "spin current" model (Hosho Katsura, Naoto Nagaosa and Aleander V. Balatsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 057205 (2005)). Starting from a system with helical spin configuration, we solved for the forms of the electron wave functions and analyzed their characteristics. The relation between ferroelectricity and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (I. Dzyaloshinskii, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 4, 241 (1958) and T. Moriya, Phys. Rev. 120, 91 (1960)) is clearly established. There is also a simple relation between the electric polarization and the wave vector of magnetic orders. Finally, we show that the bond-bending exists in transition metal oxides can enhance ferroelectricity.
cond-mat.str-el
we studied the microscopic mechanism of multiferroics in particular with the spin current model hosho katsura naoto nagaosa and aleander v balatsky phys rev lett 95 057205 2005 starting from a system with helical spin configuration we solved for the forms of the electron wave functions and analyzed their characteristics the relation between ferroelectricity and dzyaloshinskiimoriya interaction i dzyaloshinskii j phys chem solids 4 241 1958 and t moriya phys rev 120 91 1960 is clearly established there is also a simple relation between the electric polarization and the wave vector of magnetic orders finally we show that the bondbending exists in transition metal oxides can enhance ferroelectricity
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711.0101
First access to beta half-lives approaching the r-process path near N=126
Heavy neutron-rich nuclei close to N=126 were produced by fragmentation of a 1 A GeV 208Pb beam at the FRS at GSI. The beta-decay half-lives of 8 nuclides have been determined. The comparison of the data with model calculations including an approach based on the self-consistent ground-state description and continuum QRPA considering the Gamow-Teller and first-forbidden decays provide a first indication on the importance of first-forbidden transitions around A=195. The measured data indicate that the matter flow in the r-process to heavier fissioning nuclei is faster than previously expected.
nucl-ex
heavy neutronrich nuclei close to n126 were produced by fragmentation of a 1 a gev 208pb beam at the frs at gsi the betadecay halflives of 8 nuclides have been determined the comparison of the data with model calculations including an approach based on the selfconsistent groundstate description and continuum qrpa considering the gamowteller and firstforbidden decays provide a first indication on the importance of firstforbidden transitions around a195 the measured data indicate that the matter flow in the rprocess to heavier fissioning nuclei is faster than previously expected
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711.0102
Perturbed Defects and T-Systems in Conformal Field Theory
Defect lines in conformal field theory can be perturbed by chiral defect fields. If the unperturbed defects satisfy su(2)-type fusion rules, the operators associated to the perturbed defects are shown to obey functional relations known from the study of integrable models as T-systems. The procedure is illustrated for Virasoro minimal models and for Liouville theory.
hep-th
defect lines in conformal field theory can be perturbed by chiral defect fields if the unperturbed defects satisfy su2type fusion rules the operators associated to the perturbed defects are shown to obey functional relations known from the study of integrable models as tsystems the procedure is illustrated for virasoro minimal models and for liouville theory
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711.0103
Homology of coloured posets: a generalisation of Khovanov's cube construction
We define a homology theory for a certain class of posets equipped with a representation. We show that when restricted to Boolean lattices this homology is isomorphic to the homology of the "cube" complex defined by Khovanov.
math.GT math.CO
we define a homology theory for a certain class of posets equipped with a representation we show that when restricted to boolean lattices this homology is isomorphic to the homology of the cube complex defined by khovanov
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711.0104
Semiclassical approach to the description of the basic properties of nanoobjects
Present paper is a review of results, obtained in the framework of semiclassical approach in nanophysics. Semiclassical description, based on Electrostatics and Thomas-Fermi model was applied to calculate dimensions of the electronic shell of a fullerene molecule and a carbon nanotube. This simplified approach yields surprisingly accurate results in some cases. Semiclassical approach provides rather good description of the dimensions of the electronic shell of a fullerene molecule. Two types of dipole oscillations in a fullerene molecule were considered and their frequencies were calculated. Similar calculations were performed for a carbon nanotube also. These results look rather reasonable. Three types of dipole oscillations in carbon nanotube were considered and their frequencies were calculated. Frequencies of the longitudinal collective oscillations of delocalized electrons in carbon peapod were calculated as well. Metallic cluster was modeled as a spherical ball. It was shown that metallic cluster is stable; its bulk modulus and the frequency of the dipole oscillation of the electronic shell relative to the ions were calculated.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall physics.atm-clus
present paper is a review of results obtained in the framework of semiclassical approach in nanophysics semiclassical description based on electrostatics and thomasfermi model was applied to calculate dimensions of the electronic shell of a fullerene molecule and a carbon nanotube this simplified approach yields surprisingly accurate results in some cases semiclassical approach provides rather good description of the dimensions of the electronic shell of a fullerene molecule two types of dipole oscillations in a fullerene molecule were considered and their frequencies were calculated similar calculations were performed for a carbon nanotube also these results look rather reasonable three types of dipole oscillations in carbon nanotube were considered and their frequencies were calculated frequencies of the longitudinal collective oscillations of delocalized electrons in carbon peapod were calculated as well metallic cluster was modeled as a spherical ball it was shown that metallic cluster is stable its bulk modulus and the frequency of the dipole oscillation of the electronic shell relative to the ions were calculated
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711.0105
Erratum to Star formation triggered by SN explosions: an application to the stellar association of $\beta$Pictoris
In the present study, considering the physical conditions that are relevant interactions between supernova remnants (SNRs) and dense molecular clouds for triggering star formation we have built a diagram of SNR radius versus cloud density in which the constraints above delineate a shaded zone where star formation is allowed. We have also performed fully 3-D radiatively cooling numerical simulations of the impact between SNRs and clouds under different initial conditions in order to follow the initial steps of these interactions. We determine the conditions that may lead either to cloud collapse and star formation or to complete cloud destruction and find that the numerical results are consistent with those of the SNR-cloud density diagram. Finally, we have applied the results above to the $\beta-$ Pictoris stellar association which is composed of low mass Post-T Tauri stars with an age of 11 Myr. It has been recently suggested that its formation could have been triggered by the shock wave produced by a SN explosion localized at a distance of about 62 pc that may have occurred either in the Lower Centaurus Crux (LCC) or in the Upper Centaurus Lupus (UCL) which are both nearby older subgroups of that association (Ortega and co-workers).Using the results of the analysis above we have shown that the suggested origin for the young association at the proposed distance is plausible only for a very restricted range of initial conditions for the parent molecular cloud, i.e., a cloud with a radius of the order of 10 pc, a density of the order of 10$-$20 cm$^{-3}$, and a temperature of the order of 10$-$100 K }.
astro-ph
in the present study considering the physical conditions that are relevant interactions between supernova remnants snrs and dense molecular clouds for triggering star formation we have built a diagram of snr radius versus cloud density in which the constraints above delineate a shaded zone where star formation is allowed we have also performed fully 3d radiatively cooling numerical simulations of the impact between snrs and clouds under different initial conditions in order to follow the initial steps of these interactions we determine the conditions that may lead either to cloud collapse and star formation or to complete cloud destruction and find that the numerical results are consistent with those of the snrcloud density diagram finally we have applied the results above to the beta pictoris stellar association which is composed of low mass postt tauri stars with an age of 11 myr it has been recently suggested that its formation could have been triggered by the shock wave produced by a sn explosion localized at a distance of about 62 pc that may have occurred either in the lower centaurus crux lcc or in the upper centaurus lupus ucl which are both nearby older subgroups of that association ortega and coworkersusing the results of the analysis above we have shown that the suggested origin for the young association at the proposed distance is plausible only for a very restricted range of initial conditions for the parent molecular cloud ie a cloud with a radius of the order of 10 pc a density of the order of 1020 cm3 and a temperature of the order of 10100 k
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711.0106
Equation of state in the inner crust of neutron stars: discusion of the unbound neutron states
In this paper, we calculate the stable Wigner-Seitz (W-S) cells in the inner crust of neutron stars and we discuss the nuclear shell effects. A distinction is done between the shell effects due to the bound states and those induced by the unbound states, which are shown to be spurious. We then estimate the effects of the spurious shells on the total energy and decompose it into a smooth and a residual part. We propose a correction to the Hartree-Fock binding energy in Wigner-Seitz cell (HF-WS).
nucl-th
in this paper we calculate the stable wignerseitz ws cells in the inner crust of neutron stars and we discuss the nuclear shell effects a distinction is done between the shell effects due to the bound states and those induced by the unbound states which are shown to be spurious we then estimate the effects of the spurious shells on the total energy and decompose it into a smooth and a residual part we propose a correction to the hartreefock binding energy in wignerseitz cell hfws
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711.0107
Search method for coincident events from LIGO and IceCube detectors
We present a coincidence search method for astronomical events using gravitational wave detectors in conjunction with other astronomical observations. We illustrate our method for the specific case of the LIGO gravitational wave detector and the IceCube neutrino detector. LIGO trigger-events and IceCube events which occur within a given time window are selected as time-coincident events. Then the spatial overlap of the reconstructed event directions is evaluated using an unbinned maximum likelihood method. Our method was tested with Monte Carlo simulations based on realistic LIGO and IceCube event distributions. We estimated a typical false alarm rate for the analysis to be 1 event per 435 years. This is significantly smaller than the false alarm rates of the ndividual detectors.
astro-ph
we present a coincidence search method for astronomical events using gravitational wave detectors in conjunction with other astronomical observations we illustrate our method for the specific case of the ligo gravitational wave detector and the icecube neutrino detector ligo triggerevents and icecube events which occur within a given time window are selected as timecoincident events then the spatial overlap of the reconstructed event directions is evaluated using an unbinned maximum likelihood method our method was tested with monte carlo simulations based on realistic ligo and icecube event distributions we estimated a typical false alarm rate for the analysis to be 1 event per 435 years this is significantly smaller than the false alarm rates of the ndividual detectors
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