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711.1508
Aharonov-Bohm effect in graphene
We investigate experimentally transport through ring-shaped devices etched in graphene and observe clear Aharonov-Bohm conductance oscillations. The temperature dependence of the oscillation amplitude indicates that below 1 K the phase coherence length is comparable to or larger than the size of the ring. An increase in the amplitude is observed at high magnetic field, when the cyclotron diameter becomes comparable to the width of the arms of the ring. By measuring the dependence on gate voltage, we also observe an unexpected linear dependence of the oscillation amplitude on the ring conductance, which had not been reported earlier in rings made using conventional metals or semiconducting heterostructures.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we investigate experimentally transport through ringshaped devices etched in graphene and observe clear aharonovbohm conductance oscillations the temperature dependence of the oscillation amplitude indicates that below 1 k the phase coherence length is comparable to or larger than the size of the ring an increase in the amplitude is observed at high magnetic field when the cyclotron diameter becomes comparable to the width of the arms of the ring by measuring the dependence on gate voltage we also observe an unexpected linear dependence of the oscillation amplitude on the ring conductance which had not been reported earlier in rings made using conventional metals or semiconducting heterostructures
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711.1509
Study of a model-independent method for the measurement of the angle phi_3
This report shows the latest results on the study of the method to determine the angle phi_3 of the unitarity triangle using Dalitz plot analysis of $D^0$ decay from B->DK process in a model-independent way. We concentrate on the case with a limited charm data sample, which will be available from the CLEO-c collaboration in the nearest future, with the main goal to find the optimal strategy for phi_3 extraction. We find that the analysis using decays of D_CP only cannot provide a completely model-independent measurement in the case of limited data sample. The procedure involving binned analysis of B->DK and psi(3770)->(K^0_S pi^+ pi^-)_D(K^0_S pi^+ pi^-)_D decays is proposed, that allows to obtain the phi_3 precision comparable to unbinned model-dependent fit.
hep-ph
this report shows the latest results on the study of the method to determine the angle phi_3 of the unitarity triangle using dalitz plot analysis of d0 decay from bdk process in a modelindependent way we concentrate on the case with a limited charm data sample which will be available from the cleoc collaboration in the nearest future with the main goal to find the optimal strategy for phi_3 extraction we find that the analysis using decays of d_cp only cannot provide a completely modelindependent measurement in the case of limited data sample the procedure involving binned analysis of bdk and psi3770k0_s pi pi_dk0_s pi pi_d decays is proposed that allows to obtain the phi_3 precision comparable to unbinned modeldependent fit
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711.151
Diverging thermal expansion of the spin-ladder system (C$_5$H$_{12}$N)$_2$CuBr$_4$
We present high-resolution measurements of the $c^\star$-axis thermal expansion and magnetostriction of piperidinium copper bromide \hp. The experimental data at low temperatures is well accounted for by a two-leg spin-ladder Hamiltonian. The thermal expansion shows a complex behaviour with various sign changes and approaches a $1/\sqrt{T}$ divergence at the critical fields. All low-temperature features are semi-quantitatively explained within a free fermion model; full quantitative agreement is obtained with Quantum Monte Carlo simulations.
cond-mat.str-el
we present highresolution measurements of the cstaraxis thermal expansion and magnetostriction of piperidinium copper bromide hp the experimental data at low temperatures is well accounted for by a twoleg spinladder hamiltonian the thermal expansion shows a complex behaviour with various sign changes and approaches a 1sqrtt divergence at the critical fields all lowtemperature features are semiquantitatively explained within a free fermion model full quantitative agreement is obtained with quantum monte carlo simulations
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711.1511
Sensitivities of Future Long Baseline Experiments in the US
Sensitivities to neutrino oscillation parameters for possible very long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments are discussed. The reach for observing a non-zero mixing angle $\theta_{13}$, establishing CP violation and determining the mass hierarchy are compared between various experimental options. Different possibilities for neutrino beams are briefly described, as well as the assumptions about the performance of a large water Cherenkov and liquid Argon detector.
hep-ex
sensitivities to neutrino oscillation parameters for possible very long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments are discussed the reach for observing a nonzero mixing angle theta_13 establishing cp violation and determining the mass hierarchy are compared between various experimental options different possibilities for neutrino beams are briefly described as well as the assumptions about the performance of a large water cherenkov and liquid argon detector
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711.1512
Assouad-Nagata dimension of locally finite groups and asymptotic cones
In this work we study two problems about Assouad-Nagata dimension: 1) Is there a metric space of non zero Assouad-Nagata dimension such that all of its asymptotic cones are of Assouad-Nagata dimension zero? (Dydak and Higes) 2) Suppose $G$ is a locally finite group with a proper left invariant metric $d_G$. If $\dim_{AN}(G, d_G)>0$, is $\dim_{AN} (G, d_G)$ infinite? (Brodskiy, Dydak and Lang) The first question is answered positively not only for general metric spaces but also for discrete groups with proper left invariant metrics. The second question has a negative solution. We show that for each $n$ there exists a locally finite group of Assouad-Nagata dimension $n$. A generalization to countable groups of arbitrary asymptotic dimension is given
math.MG math.GR math.GT
in this work we study two problems about assouadnagata dimension 1 is there a metric space of non zero assouadnagata dimension such that all of its asymptotic cones are of assouadnagata dimension zero dydak and higes 2 suppose g is a locally finite group with a proper left invariant metric d_g if dim_ang d_g0 is dim_an g d_g infinite brodskiy dydak and lang the first question is answered positively not only for general metric spaces but also for discrete groups with proper left invariant metrics the second question has a negative solution we show that for each n there exists a locally finite group of assouadnagata dimension n a generalization to countable groups of arbitrary asymptotic dimension is given
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711.1513
Interference versus success probability in quantum algorithms with imperfections
We study the influence of errors and decoherence on both the performance of Shor's factoring algorithm and Grover's search algorithm, and on the amount of interference in these algorithms using a recently proposed interference measure. We consider systematic unitary errors, random unitary errors, and decoherence processes. We show that unitary errors which destroy the interference destroy the efficiency of the algorithm, too. However, unitary errors may also create useless additional interference. In such a case the total amount of interference can increase, while the efficiency of the quantum computation decreases. For decoherence due to phase flip errors, interference is destroyed for small error probabilities, and converted into destructive interference for error probabilities approaching one, leading to success probabilities which can even drop below the classical value. Our results show that in general interference is necessary in order for a quantum algorithm to outperform classical computation, but large amounts of interference are not sufficient and can even lead to destructive interference with worse than classical success rates.
quant-ph
we study the influence of errors and decoherence on both the performance of shors factoring algorithm and grovers search algorithm and on the amount of interference in these algorithms using a recently proposed interference measure we consider systematic unitary errors random unitary errors and decoherence processes we show that unitary errors which destroy the interference destroy the efficiency of the algorithm too however unitary errors may also create useless additional interference in such a case the total amount of interference can increase while the efficiency of the quantum computation decreases for decoherence due to phase flip errors interference is destroyed for small error probabilities and converted into destructive interference for error probabilities approaching one leading to success probabilities which can even drop below the classical value our results show that in general interference is necessary in order for a quantum algorithm to outperform classical computation but large amounts of interference are not sufficient and can even lead to destructive interference with worse than classical success rates
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711.1514
Challenges to Path Integral Formulations of Quantum Theories
The functional integral has many triumphs in elucidating quantum theory. But incorporating charge fractionalization into that formalism remains a challenge.
hep-th
the functional integral has many triumphs in elucidating quantum theory but incorporating charge fractionalization into that formalism remains a challenge
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711.1515
Spitzer Observations of the HII Region NGC 2467: An Analysis of Triggered Star Formation
We present new Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the region NGC 2467, and use these observations to determine how the environment of an HII region affects the process of star formation. Our observations comprise IRAC (3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 um) and MIPS (24 um) maps of the region, covering approximately 400 square arcminutes. The images show a region of ionized gas pushing out into the surrounding molecular cloud, powered by an O6V star and two clusters of massive stars in the region. We have identified as candidate Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) 45 sources in NGC 2467 with infrared excesses in at least two mid-infrared colors. We have constructed color-color diagrams of these sources and have quantified their spatial distribution within the region. We find that the YSOs are not randomly distributed in NGC 2467; rather, over 75% of the sources are distributed at the edge of the HII region, along ionization fronts driven by the nearby massive stars. The high fraction of YSOs in NGC 2467 that are found in proximity to gas that has been compressed by ionization fronts supports the hypothesis that a significant fraction of the star formation in NGC 2467 is triggered by the massive stars and the expansion of the HII region. At the current rate of star formation, we estimate at least 25-50% of the total population of YSOs formed by this process.
astro-ph
we present new spitzer space telescope observations of the region ngc 2467 and use these observations to determine how the environment of an hii region affects the process of star formation our observations comprise irac 36 45 58 and 80 um and mips 24 um maps of the region covering approximately 400 square arcminutes the images show a region of ionized gas pushing out into the surrounding molecular cloud powered by an o6v star and two clusters of massive stars in the region we have identified as candidate young stellar objects ysos 45 sources in ngc 2467 with infrared excesses in at least two midinfrared colors we have constructed colorcolor diagrams of these sources and have quantified their spatial distribution within the region we find that the ysos are not randomly distributed in ngc 2467 rather over 75 of the sources are distributed at the edge of the hii region along ionization fronts driven by the nearby massive stars the high fraction of ysos in ngc 2467 that are found in proximity to gas that has been compressed by ionization fronts supports the hypothesis that a significant fraction of the star formation in ngc 2467 is triggered by the massive stars and the expansion of the hii region at the current rate of star formation we estimate at least 2550 of the total population of ysos formed by this process
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711.1516
Selective screenability and the Hurewicz property
We characterize the Hurewicz covering property in metrizable spaces in terms of properties of the metrics of the space. Then we show that a weak version of selective screenability, when combined with the Hurewicz property, implies selective screenability.
math.GN
we characterize the hurewicz covering property in metrizable spaces in terms of properties of the metrics of the space then we show that a weak version of selective screenability when combined with the hurewicz property implies selective screenability
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711.1517
Combinatorial polar orderings and recursively orderable arrangements
Polar orderings arose in recent work of Salvetti and the second author on minimal CW-complexes for complexified hyperplane arrangements. We study the combinatorics of these orderings in the classical framework of oriented matroids, and reach thereby a weakening of the conditions required to actually determine such orderings. A class of arrangements for which the construction of the minimal complex is particularly easy, called {\em recursively orderable} arrangements, can therefore be combinatorially defined. We initiate the study of this class, giving a complete characterization in dimension 2 and proving that every supersolvable complexified arrangement is recursively orderable.
math.CO math.AT
polar orderings arose in recent work of salvetti and the second author on minimal cwcomplexes for complexified hyperplane arrangements we study the combinatorics of these orderings in the classical framework of oriented matroids and reach thereby a weakening of the conditions required to actually determine such orderings a class of arrangements for which the construction of the minimal complex is particularly easy called em recursively orderable arrangements can therefore be combinatorially defined we initiate the study of this class giving a complete characterization in dimension 2 and proving that every supersolvable complexified arrangement is recursively orderable
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711.1518
Constraints on the Magnetic Field Geometry of Magnetars
We study the effect of the magnetic field geometry on the oscillation spectra of strongly magnetized stars. The magnetic field distributions include both toroidal and poloidal contributions. We observe that the toroidal contribution does not influence significantly the torsional oscillations of the crust. Moreover, in the case that the core is a type I supercontactor and the magnetic fields are confined in the crust, the torsional oscillation spectrum is drastically affected by the presence of the strong magnetic fields. Comparison with results and estimations for the magnetic field strength, from observations, exclude the possibility that magnetars will have a magnetic field solely confined in the crust i.e. our results suggest that the magnetic field in whatever geometry has to permeate the whole star.
gr-qc astro-ph
we study the effect of the magnetic field geometry on the oscillation spectra of strongly magnetized stars the magnetic field distributions include both toroidal and poloidal contributions we observe that the toroidal contribution does not influence significantly the torsional oscillations of the crust moreover in the case that the core is a type i supercontactor and the magnetic fields are confined in the crust the torsional oscillation spectrum is drastically affected by the presence of the strong magnetic fields comparison with results and estimations for the magnetic field strength from observations exclude the possibility that magnetars will have a magnetic field solely confined in the crust ie our results suggest that the magnetic field in whatever geometry has to permeate the whole star
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711.1519
A Comparison of the Variability of the Symbiotic X-ray Binaries GX 1+4, 4U 1954+31, and 4U 1700+24 from Swift/BAT and RXTE/ASM Observations
We present an analysis of the X-ray variability of three symbiotic X-ray binaries, GX 1+4, 4U 1700+24, and 4U 1954+31, using observations made with the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) All-Sky Monitor (ASM). Observations of 4U 1954+31 with the Swift BAT show modulation at a period near 5 hours. Models to explain this modulation are discussed including the presence of an exceptionally slow X-ray pulsar in the system and accretion instabilities. We conclude that the most likely interpretation is that 4U 1954+31 contains one of the slowest known X-ray pulsars. Unlike 4U 1954+31, neither GX 1+4 nor 4U 1700+24 show any evidence for modulation on a timescale of hours. An analysis of the RXTE ASM light curves of GX 1+4, 4U 1700+24, and 4U 1954+31 does not show the presence of periodic modulation in any source, although there is considerable variability on long timescales for all three sources. There is no modulation in GX 1+4 on either the optical 1161 day orbital period or a previously reported 304 day X-ray period. For 4U 1700+24 we do not confirm the 404 day X-ray period previously proposed for this source from a shorter duration ASM light curve. We conclude that all three sources have substantial low-frequency noise in their power spectra that may give the appearance of periodic modulation if this noise is not properly accounted for, particularly if short duration light curves are examined.
astro-ph
we present an analysis of the xray variability of three symbiotic xray binaries gx 14 4u 170024 and 4u 195431 using observations made with the swift burst alert telescope bat and the rossi xray timing explorer rxte allsky monitor asm observations of 4u 195431 with the swift bat show modulation at a period near 5 hours models to explain this modulation are discussed including the presence of an exceptionally slow xray pulsar in the system and accretion instabilities we conclude that the most likely interpretation is that 4u 195431 contains one of the slowest known xray pulsars unlike 4u 195431 neither gx 14 nor 4u 170024 show any evidence for modulation on a timescale of hours an analysis of the rxte asm light curves of gx 14 4u 170024 and 4u 195431 does not show the presence of periodic modulation in any source although there is considerable variability on long timescales for all three sources there is no modulation in gx 14 on either the optical 1161 day orbital period or a previously reported 304 day xray period for 4u 170024 we do not confirm the 404 day xray period previously proposed for this source from a shorter duration asm light curve we conclude that all three sources have substantial lowfrequency noise in their power spectra that may give the appearance of periodic modulation if this noise is not properly accounted for particularly if short duration light curves are examined
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711.152
Manin's conjecture on toric varieties with different heights
In this paper I verify Manin's conjecture for a class of rational projective toric varieties with a large class of heights other than the usual one that comes from the standard metric on projective space.
math.NT math.AG
in this paper i verify manins conjecture for a class of rational projective toric varieties with a large class of heights other than the usual one that comes from the standard metric on projective space
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711.1521
The nature of HHL 73 from optical imaging and Integral Field Spectroscopy
We present new results on the nature of the Herbig-Haro-like object 73 (HHL73, also known as [G84b] 11) based on narrow-band CCD H_alpha and [SII] images of the HHL73 field, and Integral Field Spectroscopy and radio continuum observations at 3.6 cm covering the emission of the HHL 73 object. The CCD images allow us to resolve the HHL 73 comet-shaped morphology into two components and a collimated emission feature of ~4" long, reminiscent of a microjet. The IFS spectra of HHL 73 showed emission lines characteristic of the spectra of Herbig--Haro objects. The kinematics derived for HHL~73 are complex. The profiles of the [SII] lambda6717, 6731AA lines were well fitted with a model of three Gaussian velocity components peaking at -100, -20 and +35 km/s. We found differences among the spatial distribution of the kinematic components that are compatible with the emission from a bipolar outflow with two blueshifted (low- and high-velocity) components. Extended radio continuum emission at 3.6 cm was detected showing a distribution in close agreement with the HHL~73 redshifted gas. From the results discussed here, we propose HHL 73 to be a true HH object. IRAS 21432+4719, offset 30 arcsec northeast from the HHL 73 apex, is the most plausible candidate to be driving HHL 73, although the evidence is not conclusive.
astro-ph
we present new results on the nature of the herbigharolike object 73 hhl73 also known as g84b 11 based on narrowband ccd h_alpha and sii images of the hhl73 field and integral field spectroscopy and radio continuum observations at 36 cm covering the emission of the hhl 73 object the ccd images allow us to resolve the hhl 73 cometshaped morphology into two components and a collimated emission feature of 4 long reminiscent of a microjet the ifs spectra of hhl 73 showed emission lines characteristic of the spectra of herbigharo objects the kinematics derived for hhl73 are complex the profiles of the sii lambda6717 6731aa lines were well fitted with a model of three gaussian velocity components peaking at 100 20 and 35 kms we found differences among the spatial distribution of the kinematic components that are compatible with the emission from a bipolar outflow with two blueshifted low and highvelocity components extended radio continuum emission at 36 cm was detected showing a distribution in close agreement with the hhl73 redshifted gas from the results discussed here we propose hhl 73 to be a true hh object iras 214324719 offset 30 arcsec northeast from the hhl 73 apex is the most plausible candidate to be driving hhl 73 although the evidence is not conclusive
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711.1522
Chaotic Gene Regulatory Networks Can Be Robust Against Mutations and Noise
Robustness to mutations and noise has been shown to evolve through stabilizing selection for optimal phenotypes in model gene regulatory networks. The ability to evolve robust mutants is known to depend on the network architecture. How do the dynamical properties and state-space structures of networks with high and low robustness differ? Does selection operate on the global dynamical behavior of the networks? What kind of state-space structures are favored by selection? We provide damage propagation analysis and an extensive statistical analysis of state spaces of these model networks to show that the change in their dynamical properties due to stabilizing selection for optimal phenotypes is minor. Most notably, the networks that are most robust to both mutations and noise are highly chaotic. Certain properties of chaotic networks, such as being able to produce large attractor basins, can be useful for maintaining a stable gene-expression pattern. Our findings indicate that conventional measures of stability, such as the damage-propagation rate, do not provide much information about robustness to mutations or noise in model gene regulatory networks.
q-bio.MN
robustness to mutations and noise has been shown to evolve through stabilizing selection for optimal phenotypes in model gene regulatory networks the ability to evolve robust mutants is known to depend on the network architecture how do the dynamical properties and statespace structures of networks with high and low robustness differ does selection operate on the global dynamical behavior of the networks what kind of statespace structures are favored by selection we provide damage propagation analysis and an extensive statistical analysis of state spaces of these model networks to show that the change in their dynamical properties due to stabilizing selection for optimal phenotypes is minor most notably the networks that are most robust to both mutations and noise are highly chaotic certain properties of chaotic networks such as being able to produce large attractor basins can be useful for maintaining a stable geneexpression pattern our findings indicate that conventional measures of stability such as the damagepropagation rate do not provide much information about robustness to mutations or noise in model gene regulatory networks
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711.1523
MANX: A 6D Ionization-Cooling Experiment
Six-dimensional ionization cooling of muons is essential for muon colliders and possibly beneficial for neutrino factories. An experiment to demonstrate six-dimensional ionization cooling using practical apparatus is presented. It exploits recent innovative ideas that may lead to six-dimensional muon-cooling channels with emittance reduction approaching that needed for high-luminosity muon colliders.
physics.acc-ph hep-ph
sixdimensional ionization cooling of muons is essential for muon colliders and possibly beneficial for neutrino factories an experiment to demonstrate sixdimensional ionization cooling using practical apparatus is presented it exploits recent innovative ideas that may lead to sixdimensional muoncooling channels with emittance reduction approaching that needed for highluminosity muon colliders
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711.1524
Integrable systems from membranes on AdS_4 x S^7
We describe how Neumann and Neumann-Rosochatius type integrable systems, as well as the continuous limit of the SU(2) integrable spin chain, can be obtained from membranes on AdS_4 x S^7 background, in the framework of AdS/CFT correspondence.
hep-th
we describe how neumann and neumannrosochatius type integrable systems as well as the continuous limit of the su2 integrable spin chain can be obtained from membranes on ads_4 x s7 background in the framework of adscft correspondence
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711.1525
Duality and Braiding in Twisted Quantum Field Theory
We re-examine various issues surrounding the definition of twisted quantum field theories on flat noncommutative spaces. We propose an interpretation based on nonlocal commutative field redefinitions which clarifies previously observed properties such as the formal equivalence of Green's functions in the noncommutative and commutative theories, causality, and the absence of UV/IR mixing. We use these fields to define the functional integral formulation of twisted quantum field theory. We exploit techniques from braided tensor algebra to argue that the twisted Fock space states of these free fields obey conventional statistics. We support our claims with a detailed analysis of the modifications induced in the presence of background magnetic fields, which induces additional twists by magnetic translation operators and alters the effective noncommutative geometry seen by the twisted quantum fields. When two such field theories are dual to one another, we demonstrate that only our braided physical states are covariant under the duality.
hep-th
we reexamine various issues surrounding the definition of twisted quantum field theories on flat noncommutative spaces we propose an interpretation based on nonlocal commutative field redefinitions which clarifies previously observed properties such as the formal equivalence of greens functions in the noncommutative and commutative theories causality and the absence of uvir mixing we use these fields to define the functional integral formulation of twisted quantum field theory we exploit techniques from braided tensor algebra to argue that the twisted fock space states of these free fields obey conventional statistics we support our claims with a detailed analysis of the modifications induced in the presence of background magnetic fields which induces additional twists by magnetic translation operators and alters the effective noncommutative geometry seen by the twisted quantum fields when two such field theories are dual to one another we demonstrate that only our braided physical states are covariant under the duality
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711.1526
Orbital Parameters and Chemical Composition of Four White Dwarfs in Post-Common Envelope Binaries
We present FUSE observations of the hot white dwarfs in the post-common envelope binaries Feige 24, EUVE J0720-317, BPM 6502, and EUVE J2013+400. The spectra show numerous photospheric absorption lines which trace the white dwarf orbital motion. We report the detection of C III, O VI, P V, and Si IV in the spectra of Feige 24, EUVE J0720-317 and EUVE J2013+400, and the detection of C III, N II, Si III, Si IV, and Fe III in the spectra of BPM 6502. Abundance measurements support the possibility that white dwarfs in post-common envelope binaries accrete material from the secondary star wind. The FUSE observations of BPM 6502 and EUVE J2013+400 cover a complete binary orbit. We used the FUSE spectra to measure the radial velocities traced by the white dwarf in the four binaries, where the zero-point velocity were fixed using the ISM velocities in the line of sight of the stellar systems. For BPM 6502 we determined a white dwarf velocity semi-amplitude of K_WD = 18.6+/-0.5km/s, and with the velocity semi-amplitude of the red dwarf companion (K_RD = 75.2+/-3.1 km/s), we estimate the mass ratio to be q = 0.25+/-0.01. Adopting a spectroscopic mass determination for the white dwarf, we infer a low secondary mass of M_RD = 0.14+/-0.01 M_solar. For EUVE J2013+400 we determine a white dwarf velocity semi-amplitude of K_WD = 36.7+/-0.7 km/s. The FUSE observations of EUVE J0720-317 cover approximately 30% of the binary period and combined with the HST GHRS measurements (Vennes et al. 1999, ApJ 523, 386), we update the binary properties. FUSE observations of Feige 24 cover approximately 60% of the orbit and we combine this data set with HST STIS (Vennes et al. 2000, ApJ, 544, 423) data to update the binary properties.
astro-ph
we present fuse observations of the hot white dwarfs in the postcommon envelope binaries feige 24 euve j0720317 bpm 6502 and euve j2013400 the spectra show numerous photospheric absorption lines which trace the white dwarf orbital motion we report the detection of c iii o vi p v and si iv in the spectra of feige 24 euve j0720317 and euve j2013400 and the detection of c iii n ii si iii si iv and fe iii in the spectra of bpm 6502 abundance measurements support the possibility that white dwarfs in postcommon envelope binaries accrete material from the secondary star wind the fuse observations of bpm 6502 and euve j2013400 cover a complete binary orbit we used the fuse spectra to measure the radial velocities traced by the white dwarf in the four binaries where the zeropoint velocity were fixed using the ism velocities in the line of sight of the stellar systems for bpm 6502 we determined a white dwarf velocity semiamplitude of k_wd 18605kms and with the velocity semiamplitude of the red dwarf companion k_rd 75231 kms we estimate the mass ratio to be q 025001 adopting a spectroscopic mass determination for the white dwarf we infer a low secondary mass of m_rd 014001 m_solar for euve j2013400 we determine a white dwarf velocity semiamplitude of k_wd 36707 kms the fuse observations of euve j0720317 cover approximately 30 of the binary period and combined with the hst ghrs measurements vennes et al 1999 apj 523 386 we update the binary properties fuse observations of feige 24 cover approximately 60 of the orbit and we combine this data set with hst stis vennes et al 2000 apj 544 423 data to update the binary properties
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711.1527
The non-equilibrium response of the critical Ising model: Universal scaling properties and Local Scale Invariance
Motivated by recent numerical findings [M. Henkel, T. Enss, and M. Pleimling, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 39 (2006) L589] we re-examine via Monte Carlo simulations the linear response function of the two-dimensional Ising model with Glauber dynamics quenched to the critical point. At variance with the results of Henkel et al., we detect discrepancies between the actual scaling behavior of the response function and the prediction of Local Scale Invariance. Such differences are clearly visible in the impulse autoresponse function, whereas they are drastically reduced in integrated response functions. Accordingly, the scaling form predicted on the basis of Local Scale Invariance simply provides an accurate fitting form for some quantities but cannot be considered to be exact.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.other
motivated by recent numerical findings m henkel t enss and m pleimling j phys a math gen 39 2006 l589 we reexamine via monte carlo simulations the linear response function of the twodimensional ising model with glauber dynamics quenched to the critical point at variance with the results of henkel et al we detect discrepancies between the actual scaling behavior of the response function and the prediction of local scale invariance such differences are clearly visible in the impulse autoresponse function whereas they are drastically reduced in integrated response functions accordingly the scaling form predicted on the basis of local scale invariance simply provides an accurate fitting form for some quantities but cannot be considered to be exact
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711.1528
Structural, elastic and electronic properties of Fe3C from first-principles
Using first-principles calculations within the generalized gradient approximation, we predicted the lattice parameters, elastic constants, vibrational properties, and electronic structure of cementite (Fe3C). Its nine single-crystal elastic constants were obtained by computing total energies or stresses as a function of applied strain. Furthermore, six of them were determined from the initial slopes of the calculated longitudinal and transverse acoustic phonon branches along the [100], [010] and [001] directions. The three methods agree well with each other, the calculated polycrystalline elastic moduli are also in good overall agreement with experiments. Our calculations indicate that Fe3C is mechanically stable. The experimentally observed high elastic anisotropy of Fe3C is also confirmed by our study. Based on electronic density of states and charge density distribution, the chemical bonding in Fe3C was analyzed and was found to exhibit a complex mixture of metallic, covalent, and ionic characters.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
using firstprinciples calculations within the generalized gradient approximation we predicted the lattice parameters elastic constants vibrational properties and electronic structure of cementite fe3c its nine singlecrystal elastic constants were obtained by computing total energies or stresses as a function of applied strain furthermore six of them were determined from the initial slopes of the calculated longitudinal and transverse acoustic phonon branches along the 100 010 and 001 directions the three methods agree well with each other the calculated polycrystalline elastic moduli are also in good overall agreement with experiments our calculations indicate that fe3c is mechanically stable the experimentally observed high elastic anisotropy of fe3c is also confirmed by our study based on electronic density of states and charge density distribution the chemical bonding in fe3c was analyzed and was found to exhibit a complex mixture of metallic covalent and ionic characters
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711.1529
Lawvere-Tierney sheaves in algebraic set theory
We present a solution to the problem of defining a counterpart in Algebraic Set Theory of the construction of internal sheaves in Topos Theory. Our approach is general in that we consider sheaves as determined by Lawvere-Tierney coverages, rather than by Grothendieck coverages, and assume only a weakening of the axioms for small maps originally introduced by Joyal and Moerdijk, thus subsuming the existing topos-theoretic results.
math.LO math.CT
we present a solution to the problem of defining a counterpart in algebraic set theory of the construction of internal sheaves in topos theory our approach is general in that we consider sheaves as determined by lawveretierney coverages rather than by grothendieck coverages and assume only a weakening of the axioms for small maps originally introduced by joyal and moerdijk thus subsuming the existing topostheoretic results
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711.153
Evolution over Time of Magentic Dynamo Driven UV & X-ray Emissions of dG-M Stars and Effects on Hosted Planets
The evolution over time of the magnetic activity and the resulting X-ray and UV coronal and chromospheric emissions of main-sequence dG, dK, and dM stars with widely different ages are discussed. Young cool stars spin rapidly and have correspondingly very robust magnetic dynamos and strong coronal and chromospheric X-ray - UV (XUV) emissions. However, these stars spin-down with time as they lose angular momentum via magnetized winds and their magnetic generated activity and emissions significantly decrease. Studies of dK-dM stars over a wide range of ages and rotations show similar (but not identical) behavior. Particular emphasis is given to discussing the effects that XUV emissions have on the atmospheres and evolution of solar system planets as well as the increasing number of extrasolar planets found hosted by dG-dM stars. The results from modeling the early atmospheres of Venus, Earth and Mars using recently determined XUV irradiances and inferred winds of the young Sun are also briefly discussed. For example, the loss of water from juvenile Venus and Mars can be explained by action of the strong XUV emissions and robust winds of the young Sun. We also examine the effects of strong X-ray and UV coronal and chromospheric emissions (and frequent flares) that dM stars have on possible planets orbiting within their shrunken habitable zones (HZs) - located close to the low luminosity host stars (HZ < ~0.4 AU). Dwarf M stars make interesting targets for further study because of their deep outer convective zones (CZs), efficient dynamos, frequent flares and strong XUV emissions. Furthermore, a large fraction of dM stars are very old (>5 Gyr), which present intriguing possibilities for the development of highly advanced modes of intelligent life on planets that may orbit them.
astro-ph
the evolution over time of the magnetic activity and the resulting xray and uv coronal and chromospheric emissions of mainsequence dg dk and dm stars with widely different ages are discussed young cool stars spin rapidly and have correspondingly very robust magnetic dynamos and strong coronal and chromospheric xray uv xuv emissions however these stars spindown with time as they lose angular momentum via magnetized winds and their magnetic generated activity and emissions significantly decrease studies of dkdm stars over a wide range of ages and rotations show similar but not identical behavior particular emphasis is given to discussing the effects that xuv emissions have on the atmospheres and evolution of solar system planets as well as the increasing number of extrasolar planets found hosted by dgdm stars the results from modeling the early atmospheres of venus earth and mars using recently determined xuv irradiances and inferred winds of the young sun are also briefly discussed for example the loss of water from juvenile venus and mars can be explained by action of the strong xuv emissions and robust winds of the young sun we also examine the effects of strong xray and uv coronal and chromospheric emissions and frequent flares that dm stars have on possible planets orbiting within their shrunken habitable zones hzs located close to the low luminosity host stars hz 04 au dwarf m stars make interesting targets for further study because of their deep outer convective zones czs efficient dynamos frequent flares and strong xuv emissions furthermore a large fraction of dm stars are very old 5 gyr which present intriguing possibilities for the development of highly advanced modes of intelligent life on planets that may orbit them
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711.1531
Many-spinon states and representations of Yangians in the SU(n) Haldane--Shastry model
We study the relation of Yangians and spinons in the SU(n) Haldane--Shastry model. The representation theory of the Yangian is shown to be intimately related to the fractional statistics of the spinons. We construct the spinon Hilbert space from tensor products of the fundamental representations of the Yangian.
cond-mat.str-el hep-th math-ph math.MP
we study the relation of yangians and spinons in the sun haldaneshastry model the representation theory of the yangian is shown to be intimately related to the fractional statistics of the spinons we construct the spinon hilbert space from tensor products of the fundamental representations of the yangian
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711.1532
Spin glasses and algorithm benchmarks: A one-dimensional view
Spin glasses are paradigmatic models that deliver concepts relevant for a variety of systems. However, rigorous analytical results are difficult to obtain for spin-glass models, in particular for realistic short-range models. Therefore large-scale numerical simulations are the tool of choice. Concepts and algorithms derived from the study of spin glasses have been applied to diverse fields in computer science and physics. In this work a one-dimensional long-range spin-glass model with power-law interactions is discussed. The model has the advantage over conventional systems in that by tuning the power-law exponent of the interactions the effective space dimension can be changed thus effectively allowing the study of large high-dimensional spin-glass systems to address questions as diverse as the existence of an Almeida-Thouless line, ultrametricity and chaos in short range spin glasses. Furthermore, because the range of interactions can be changed, the model is a formidable test-bed for optimization algorithms.
cond-mat.dis-nn
spin glasses are paradigmatic models that deliver concepts relevant for a variety of systems however rigorous analytical results are difficult to obtain for spinglass models in particular for realistic shortrange models therefore largescale numerical simulations are the tool of choice concepts and algorithms derived from the study of spin glasses have been applied to diverse fields in computer science and physics in this work a onedimensional longrange spinglass model with powerlaw interactions is discussed the model has the advantage over conventional systems in that by tuning the powerlaw exponent of the interactions the effective space dimension can be changed thus effectively allowing the study of large highdimensional spinglass systems to address questions as diverse as the existence of an almeidathouless line ultrametricity and chaos in short range spin glasses furthermore because the range of interactions can be changed the model is a formidable testbed for optimization algorithms
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711.1533
N3Logic: A Logical Framework For the World Wide Web
The Semantic Web drives towards the use of the Web for interacting with logically interconnected data. Through knowledge models such as Resource Description Framework (RDF), the Semantic Web provides a unifying representation of richly structured data. Adding logic to the Web implies the use of rules to make inferences, choose courses of action, and answer questions. This logic must be powerful enough to describe complex properties of objects but not so powerful that agents can be tricked by being asked to consider a paradox. The Web has several characteristics that can lead to problems when existing logics are used, in particular, the inconsistencies that inevitably arise due to the openness of the Web, where anyone can assert anything. N3Logic is a logic that allows rules to be expressed in a Web environment. It extends RDF with syntax for nested graphs and quantified variables and with predicates for implication and accessing resources on the Web, and functions including cryptographic, string, math. The main goal of N3Logic is to be a minimal extension to the RDF data model such that the same language can be used for logic and data. In this paper, we describe N3Logic and illustrate through examples why it is an appropriate logic for the Web.
cs.NI
the semantic web drives towards the use of the web for interacting with logically interconnected data through knowledge models such as resource description framework rdf the semantic web provides a unifying representation of richly structured data adding logic to the web implies the use of rules to make inferences choose courses of action and answer questions this logic must be powerful enough to describe complex properties of objects but not so powerful that agents can be tricked by being asked to consider a paradox the web has several characteristics that can lead to problems when existing logics are used in particular the inconsistencies that inevitably arise due to the openness of the web where anyone can assert anything n3logic is a logic that allows rules to be expressed in a web environment it extends rdf with syntax for nested graphs and quantified variables and with predicates for implication and accessing resources on the web and functions including cryptographic string math the main goal of n3logic is to be a minimal extension to the rdf data model such that the same language can be used for logic and data in this paper we describe n3logic and illustrate through examples why it is an appropriate logic for the web
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711.1534
A Hofer-like metric on the group of symplectic diffeomorphisms
Using a "Hodge decomposition" of symplectic isotopies on a compact symplectic manifold $(M,\omega)$, we construct a norm on the identity component in the group of all symplectic diffeomorphisms of $(M,\omega)$ whose restriction to the group $Ham(M,\omega)$ of hamiltonian diffeomorphisms is bounded from above by the Hofer norm. Moreover, $Ham(M,\omega)$ is closed in $Symp(M,\omega)$ equipped with the topology induced by the extended norm. We give an application to the $C^0$ symplectic topology. We also discuss extensions of Oh's spectral distance.
math.SG
using a hodge decomposition of symplectic isotopies on a compact symplectic manifold momega we construct a norm on the identity component in the group of all symplectic diffeomorphisms of momega whose restriction to the group hammomega of hamiltonian diffeomorphisms is bounded from above by the hofer norm moreover hammomega is closed in sympmomega equipped with the topology induced by the extended norm we give an application to the c0 symplectic topology we also discuss extensions of ohs spectral distance
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711.1535
Elie Cartan's torsion in geometry and in field theory, an essay
We review the application of torsion in field theory. First we show how the notion of torsion emerges in differential geometry. In the context of a Cartan circuit, torsion is related to translations similar as curvature to rotations. Cartan's investigations started by analyzing Einsteins general relativity theory and by taking recourse to the theory of Cosserat continua. In these continua, the points of which carry independent translational and rotational degrees of freedom, there occur, besides ordinary (force) stresses, additionally spin moment stresses. In a 3-dimensional continuized crystal with dislocation lines, a linear connection can be introduced that takes the crystal lattice structure as a basis for parallelism. Such a continuum has similar properties as a Cosserat continuum, and the dislocation density is equal to the torsion of this connection. Subsequently, these ideas are applied to 4-dimensional spacetime. A translational gauge theory of gravity is displayed (in a Weitzenboeck or teleparallel spacetime) as well as the viable Einstein-Cartan theory (in a Riemann-Cartan spacetime). In both theories, the notion of torsion is contained in an essential way. Cartan's spiral staircase is described as a 3-dimensional Euclidean model for a space with torsion, and eventually some controversial points are discussed regarding the meaning of torsion.
gr-qc
we review the application of torsion in field theory first we show how the notion of torsion emerges in differential geometry in the context of a cartan circuit torsion is related to translations similar as curvature to rotations cartans investigations started by analyzing einsteins general relativity theory and by taking recourse to the theory of cosserat continua in these continua the points of which carry independent translational and rotational degrees of freedom there occur besides ordinary force stresses additionally spin moment stresses in a 3dimensional continuized crystal with dislocation lines a linear connection can be introduced that takes the crystal lattice structure as a basis for parallelism such a continuum has similar properties as a cosserat continuum and the dislocation density is equal to the torsion of this connection subsequently these ideas are applied to 4dimensional spacetime a translational gauge theory of gravity is displayed in a weitzenboeck or teleparallel spacetime as well as the viable einsteincartan theory in a riemanncartan spacetime in both theories the notion of torsion is contained in an essential way cartans spiral staircase is described as a 3dimensional euclidean model for a space with torsion and eventually some controversial points are discussed regarding the meaning of torsion
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711.1536
Group Extensions and Automorphism Group Rings
The group ring of the automorphism group of a p-group is studied using the automorphism groups of subgroups and quotient groups of P.
math.RT math.AT
the group ring of the automorphism group of a pgroup is studied using the automorphism groups of subgroups and quotient groups of p
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711.1537
Black Hole Formation and Growth: Simulations in General Relativity
Black holes are popping up all over the place: in compact binary X-ray sources and GRBs, in quasars, AGNs and the cores of all bulge galaxies, in binary black holes and binary black hole-neutron stars, and maybe even in the LHC! Black holes are strong-field objects governed by Einstein's equations of general relativity. Hence general relativistic, numerical simulations of dynamical phenomena involving black holes may help reveal ways in which black holes can form, grow and be detected in the universe. To convey the state-of-the art, we summarize several representative simulations here, including the collapse of a hypermassive neutron star to a black hole following the merger of a binary neutron star, the magnetorotational collapse of a massive star to a black hole, and the formation and growth of supermassive black hole seeds by relativistic MHD accretion in the early universe.
astro-ph gr-qc
black holes are popping up all over the place in compact binary xray sources and grbs in quasars agns and the cores of all bulge galaxies in binary black holes and binary black holeneutron stars and maybe even in the lhc black holes are strongfield objects governed by einsteins equations of general relativity hence general relativistic numerical simulations of dynamical phenomena involving black holes may help reveal ways in which black holes can form grow and be detected in the universe to convey the stateofthe art we summarize several representative simulations here including the collapse of a hypermassive neutron star to a black hole following the merger of a binary neutron star the magnetorotational collapse of a massive star to a black hole and the formation and growth of supermassive black hole seeds by relativistic mhd accretion in the early universe
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711.1538
Insulator-metal transition on the triangular lattice
Mott insulators with a half-filled band of electrons on the triangular lattice have been recently studied in a variety of organic compounds. All of these compounds undergo transitions to metallic/superconducting states under moderate hydrostatic pressure. We describe the Mott insulator using its hypothetical proximity to a Z_2 spin liquid of bosonic spinons. This spin liquid has quantum phase transitions to descendant confining states with Neel or valence bond solid order, and the insulator can be on either side of one of these transitions. We present a theory of fermionic charged excitations in these states, and describe the route to metallic states with Fermi surfaces. We argue that an excitonic condensate can form near this insulator-metal transition, due to the formation of charge neutral pairs of charge +e and charge -e fermions. This condensate breaks the lattice space group symmetry, and we propose its onset as an explanation of a low temperature anomaly in kappa-(ET)2Cu2(CN)3. We also describe the separate BCS instability of the metallic states to the pairing of like-charge fermions and the onset of superconductivity.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con
mott insulators with a halffilled band of electrons on the triangular lattice have been recently studied in a variety of organic compounds all of these compounds undergo transitions to metallicsuperconducting states under moderate hydrostatic pressure we describe the mott insulator using its hypothetical proximity to a z_2 spin liquid of bosonic spinons this spin liquid has quantum phase transitions to descendant confining states with neel or valence bond solid order and the insulator can be on either side of one of these transitions we present a theory of fermionic charged excitations in these states and describe the route to metallic states with fermi surfaces we argue that an excitonic condensate can form near this insulatormetal transition due to the formation of charge neutral pairs of charge e and charge e fermions this condensate breaks the lattice space group symmetry and we propose its onset as an explanation of a low temperature anomaly in kappaet2cu2cn3 we also describe the separate bcs instability of the metallic states to the pairing of likecharge fermions and the onset of superconductivity
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711.1539
Quantum-fluid dynamics of microcavity polaritons
Semiconductor microcavities offer a unique system to investigate the physics of weakly interacting bosons. Their elementary excitations, polaritons--a mixture of excitons and photons--behave, in the low density limit, as bosons that can undergo a phase transition to a regime characterised by long range coherence. Condensates of polaritons have been advocated as candidates for superfluidity; and the formation of vortices as well as elementary excitations with a linear dispersion are actively sought after. In this work, we have created and set in motion a macroscopically degenerate state of polaritons and let it collide with a variety of defects present in the sample. Our experiments show striking manifestations of a coherent light-matter packet that displays features of a superfluid, although one of a highly unusual character as it involves an out-of-equilibrium dissipative system where it travels at ultra-fast velocity of the order of 1% the speed of light. Our main results are the observation of i) a linear polariton dispersion accompanied with diffusion-less motion, ii) flow without resistance when crossing an obstacle, iii) suppression of Rayleigh scattering and iv) splitting into two fluids when the size of the obstacle is comparable with the size of the wavepacket. This work opens the way to the investigation of new phenomenology of out-of-equilibrium condensates.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci
semiconductor microcavities offer a unique system to investigate the physics of weakly interacting bosons their elementary excitations polaritonsa mixture of excitons and photonsbehave in the low density limit as bosons that can undergo a phase transition to a regime characterised by long range coherence condensates of polaritons have been advocated as candidates for superfluidity and the formation of vortices as well as elementary excitations with a linear dispersion are actively sought after in this work we have created and set in motion a macroscopically degenerate state of polaritons and let it collide with a variety of defects present in the sample our experiments show striking manifestations of a coherent lightmatter packet that displays features of a superfluid although one of a highly unusual character as it involves an outofequilibrium dissipative system where it travels at ultrafast velocity of the order of 1 the speed of light our main results are the observation of i a linear polariton dispersion accompanied with diffusionless motion ii flow without resistance when crossing an obstacle iii suppression of rayleigh scattering and iv splitting into two fluids when the size of the obstacle is comparable with the size of the wavepacket this work opens the way to the investigation of new phenomenology of outofequilibrium condensates
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711.154
The onion universe: all sky lightcone simulations in spherical shells
Galaxy surveys provide a large-scale view of the universe that typically has a limited line-of-sight or redshift resolution. The lack of radial accuracy in these surveys can be modelled by picturing the universe as a set of concentric radial shells of finite width around the observer, i.e, an onion-like structure. We present a new N-body simulation with 2048^3 particles developed at the Marenostrum supercomputer with the GADGET-2 code. Using the lightcone output we build a set of angular maps that mimic this onion-like representation of the universe. The onion maps are a highly compressed version of the raw data (i.e. a factor >1000 smaller size for arcminute resolution maps) and they provide a new and powerful tool to exploit large scale structure observations. We introduce two basic applications of these maps that are especially useful for constraning dark energy properties: the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in the galaxy power spectrum and all-sky maps of the weak lensing distortion. Using the weak lensing maps, we measure the convergence power spectra and compare it to halo fit predictions. As a further application, we compute the variance and higher-order moments of the maps. We show that sampling variance on scales of few degrees is quite large, resulting in a significant (25% at 10 arminute scales) bias in the variance. We caution that current lensing surveys such as the COSMOS HST should take into account this bias and extra sampling error in their clustering analyses and inferred cosmological parameter constraints. Finally, we test the importance of projection effects in the weak lensing mass reconstruction. On the mean, the mass calibration works well but it exhibits a large non-Gaussian scatter what could induce a large bias in the recovered mass function.
astro-ph
galaxy surveys provide a largescale view of the universe that typically has a limited lineofsight or redshift resolution the lack of radial accuracy in these surveys can be modelled by picturing the universe as a set of concentric radial shells of finite width around the observer ie an onionlike structure we present a new nbody simulation with 20483 particles developed at the marenostrum supercomputer with the gadget2 code using the lightcone output we build a set of angular maps that mimic this onionlike representation of the universe the onion maps are a highly compressed version of the raw data ie a factor 1000 smaller size for arcminute resolution maps and they provide a new and powerful tool to exploit large scale structure observations we introduce two basic applications of these maps that are especially useful for constraning dark energy properties the baryon acoustic oscillations bao in the galaxy power spectrum and allsky maps of the weak lensing distortion using the weak lensing maps we measure the convergence power spectra and compare it to halo fit predictions as a further application we compute the variance and higherorder moments of the maps we show that sampling variance on scales of few degrees is quite large resulting in a significant 25 at 10 arminute scales bias in the variance we caution that current lensing surveys such as the cosmos hst should take into account this bias and extra sampling error in their clustering analyses and inferred cosmological parameter constraints finally we test the importance of projection effects in the weak lensing mass reconstruction on the mean the mass calibration works well but it exhibits a large nongaussian scatter what could induce a large bias in the recovered mass function
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711.1541
Balanced homodyne detectors and Casimir energy densities
We recall and generalize the analysis of the output of the so-called balanced homodyne detectors. The most important feature of these detectors is their ability to quantify the vacuum fluctuations of the electric field, that is expectation values of products of (quantum-) electric-field operators. More precisely, the output of BHDs provides information on the one- and two-point functions of arbitrary states of quantum fields. We generalize the analysis of the response of BHDs to the case of quantum fields under influence of static external conditions such as cavities or polarizable media. By recalling the expressions for two-point functions of quantum fields in Casimir geometries we show, that a rich, position- and frequency-dependent pattern of BHD responses is predicted for ground states. This points to a potentially new characterization of quantum fields in Casimir setups which would not only complement the current global methods (Casimir forces), but also improve understanding of sub-vacuum energy densities present in some regions in these geometries.
quant-ph
we recall and generalize the analysis of the output of the socalled balanced homodyne detectors the most important feature of these detectors is their ability to quantify the vacuum fluctuations of the electric field that is expectation values of products of quantum electricfield operators more precisely the output of bhds provides information on the one and twopoint functions of arbitrary states of quantum fields we generalize the analysis of the response of bhds to the case of quantum fields under influence of static external conditions such as cavities or polarizable media by recalling the expressions for twopoint functions of quantum fields in casimir geometries we show that a rich position and frequencydependent pattern of bhd responses is predicted for ground states this points to a potentially new characterization of quantum fields in casimir setups which would not only complement the current global methods casimir forces but also improve understanding of subvacuum energy densities present in some regions in these geometries
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711.1542
The History and Morphology of Helium Reionization
A variety of observations now indicate that intergalactic helium was fully ionized by z~3. The most recent measurements of the high-redshift quasar luminosity function imply that these sources had produced ~2.5 ionizing photons per helium atom by that time, consistent with a picture in which the known quasar population drives HeII reionization. Here we describe the distribution of ionized and neutral helium gas during this era. Because the sources were rare and bright (with the photon budget dominated by quasars with luminosities L>L_\star), random fluctuations in the quasar population determined the morphology of ionized gas when the global ionized fraction x_i was small, with the typical radius R_c of a HeIII bubble ~15-20 comoving Mpc. Only when x_i>0.5 did the large-scale clustering of the quasars drive the characteristic size of ionized regions above this value. Still later, when x_i>0.75, most ionizing photons were consumed by dense, recombining systems before they reached the edge of their source's ionized surroundings, halting the bubble growth when R_c~35-40 Mpc. These phases are qualitatively similar to those in hydrogen reionization, but the rarity of the sources makes the early stochastic phase much more important. Moreover, the well-known characteristics of the z=3 intergalactic medium allow a much more robust description of the late phase in which recombinations dominate.
astro-ph
a variety of observations now indicate that intergalactic helium was fully ionized by z3 the most recent measurements of the highredshift quasar luminosity function imply that these sources had produced 25 ionizing photons per helium atom by that time consistent with a picture in which the known quasar population drives heii reionization here we describe the distribution of ionized and neutral helium gas during this era because the sources were rare and bright with the photon budget dominated by quasars with luminosities ll_star random fluctuations in the quasar population determined the morphology of ionized gas when the global ionized fraction x_i was small with the typical radius r_c of a heiii bubble 1520 comoving mpc only when x_i05 did the largescale clustering of the quasars drive the characteristic size of ionized regions above this value still later when x_i075 most ionizing photons were consumed by dense recombining systems before they reached the edge of their sources ionized surroundings halting the bubble growth when r_c3540 mpc these phases are qualitatively similar to those in hydrogen reionization but the rarity of the sources makes the early stochastic phase much more important moreover the wellknown characteristics of the z3 intergalactic medium allow a much more robust description of the late phase in which recombinations dominate
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711.1543
Linear response results for phonons and electron-phonon coupling in hcp Sc - spin fluctuations and implications for superconductivity
We present a study of the electronic structure, phonon frequencies and electron-phonon coupling in hcp Sc under pressure. The electron-phonon coupling constant is found to increase steadily with pressure in the hcp phase, until the pressure reaches a value where the hcp phase becomes unstable. Calculations for the normal pressure $c/a$ ratio predict a phase change somewhere between calculated pressures of 22 and 30 GPa. The calculated frequencies for the equilibrium hcp lattice parameters are in good agreement with the inelastic neutron scattering results. From the measured value of the electronic specific heat constant and the calculated values of the Fermi level density of states and electron-phonon coupling constant, we conclude that the electron-paramagnon coupling constant in hcp Sc should be comparable to the electron-phonon coupling constant. This indicates that the spin fluctuation effects are strong enough to suppress superconductivity completely in hcp Sc. Based on estimates of the electron-paramagnon coupling constants and the calculated or estimated electron-phonon coupling constants, we argue that the hcp phase may become superconducting with a very low transition temperature immediately prior to the transition to the Sc-II phase and that the Sc-II phase should indeed be superconducting.
cond-mat.supr-con
we present a study of the electronic structure phonon frequencies and electronphonon coupling in hcp sc under pressure the electronphonon coupling constant is found to increase steadily with pressure in the hcp phase until the pressure reaches a value where the hcp phase becomes unstable calculations for the normal pressure ca ratio predict a phase change somewhere between calculated pressures of 22 and 30 gpa the calculated frequencies for the equilibrium hcp lattice parameters are in good agreement with the inelastic neutron scattering results from the measured value of the electronic specific heat constant and the calculated values of the fermi level density of states and electronphonon coupling constant we conclude that the electronparamagnon coupling constant in hcp sc should be comparable to the electronphonon coupling constant this indicates that the spin fluctuation effects are strong enough to suppress superconductivity completely in hcp sc based on estimates of the electronparamagnon coupling constants and the calculated or estimated electronphonon coupling constants we argue that the hcp phase may become superconducting with a very low transition temperature immediately prior to the transition to the scii phase and that the scii phase should indeed be superconducting
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711.1544
Charmed Meson Dalitz Plot Analyses at BaBar
We report recent results of the Dalitz plot analyses of D and D_S decays performed by the BaBar collaboration, and point out some of the important applications of these results.
hep-ex
we report recent results of the dalitz plot analyses of d and d_s decays performed by the babar collaboration and point out some of the important applications of these results
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711.1545
Evidence for Two Populations of Classical Transneptunian Objects: The Strong Inclination Dependence of Classical Binaries
We have searched 101 Classical transneptunian objects for companions with the Hubble Space Telescope. Of these, at least 21 are binary. The heliocentric inclinations of the objects we observed range from 0.6-34 degrees. We find a very strong anticorrelation of binaries with inclination. Of the 58 targets that have inclinations of less than 5.5 degrees, 17 are binary, a binary fraction of 29 +7/-6%. All 17 are similar-brightness systems. On the contrary, only 4 of the 42 objects with inclinations greater than 5.5 degrees have satellites and only 1 of these is a similar-brightness binary. This striking dichotomy appears to agree with other indications that the low eccentricity, non-resonant Classical transneptunian objects include two overlapping populations with significantly different physical properties and dynamical histories.
astro-ph
we have searched 101 classical transneptunian objects for companions with the hubble space telescope of these at least 21 are binary the heliocentric inclinations of the objects we observed range from 0634 degrees we find a very strong anticorrelation of binaries with inclination of the 58 targets that have inclinations of less than 55 degrees 17 are binary a binary fraction of 29 76 all 17 are similarbrightness systems on the contrary only 4 of the 42 objects with inclinations greater than 55 degrees have satellites and only 1 of these is a similarbrightness binary this striking dichotomy appears to agree with other indications that the low eccentricity nonresonant classical transneptunian objects include two overlapping populations with significantly different physical properties and dynamical histories
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711.1546
A bound for the "torsion conductor" of a non-CM elliptic curve
Given a non-CM elliptic curve E over Q, define the ``torsion conductor'' m_E to be the smallest positive integer so that the Galois representation on the torsion of E has image Pi^{-1}(Gal(Q(E[m_E])/Q), where Pi denotes the natural projection GL_2(\hat{Z}) onto GL_2(Z/m_E Z). We show that, uniformly for semi-stable non-CM elliptic curves E over Q, m_E is less than a constant times the 5th power of the conductor of E.
math.NT
given a noncm elliptic curve e over q define the torsion conductor m_e to be the smallest positive integer so that the galois representation on the torsion of e has image pi1galqem_eq where pi denotes the natural projection gl_2hatz onto gl_2zm_e z we show that uniformly for semistable noncm elliptic curves e over q m_e is less than a constant times the 5th power of the conductor of e
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711.1547
Resonant Phonon Scattering in Quantum Hall Systems Driven by dc Electric Fields
Using dc excitation to spatially tilt Landau levels, we study resonant acoustic phonon scattering in two-dimensional electron systems. We observe that dc electric field strongly modifies phonon resonances, transforming resistance maxima into minima and back into maxima. Further, phonon resonances are enhanced dramatically in the non-linear dc response and can be detected even at low temperatures. Most of our observations can be explained in terms of dc-induced (de)tuning of the resonant acoustic phonon scattering and its interplay with intra-Landau level impurity scattering. Finally, we observe a dc-induced zero-differential resistance state and a resistance maximum which occurs when the electron drift velocity approaches the speed of sound.
cond-mat.mes-hall
using dc excitation to spatially tilt landau levels we study resonant acoustic phonon scattering in twodimensional electron systems we observe that dc electric field strongly modifies phonon resonances transforming resistance maxima into minima and back into maxima further phonon resonances are enhanced dramatically in the nonlinear dc response and can be detected even at low temperatures most of our observations can be explained in terms of dcinduced detuning of the resonant acoustic phonon scattering and its interplay with intralandau level impurity scattering finally we observe a dcinduced zerodifferential resistance state and a resistance maximum which occurs when the electron drift velocity approaches the speed of sound
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711.1548
Weak pseudoconcavity and the maximum modulus principle
We discuss the maximum modulus principle, and weak unique continuation, for CR functions on an abstract almost CR manifold M. We investigate these matters under the assumption of weak pseudoconcavity, and obtain sharp results about propagation along Sussmann leaves.
math.CV math.AP math.DG
we discuss the maximum modulus principle and weak unique continuation for cr functions on an abstract almost cr manifold m we investigate these matters under the assumption of weak pseudoconcavity and obtain sharp results about propagation along sussmann leaves
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711.1549
Rare-earth Doped Amorphous Silicon Microdisk and Microstadium Resonators with Emission at 1550nm
Microdisks and microstadium resonators were fabricated on erbium doped amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H<Er>) layers sandwiched in air and native SiO2 on Si substrates. Annealing condition is optimized to allow large emission at 1550 nm for samples with erbium concentrations as high as 1.02x10^20 atoms/cm3. Near field scanning optical microscopy shows evidences of the simultaneous presence of bow-tie and diamond scars. These modes indicate the high quality of the resonators and the potentiality for achieving amorphous silicon microcavity lasers.
physics.optics
microdisks and microstadium resonators were fabricated on erbium doped amorphous hydrogenated silicon asiher layers sandwiched in air and native sio2 on si substrates annealing condition is optimized to allow large emission at 1550 nm for samples with erbium concentrations as high as 102x1020 atomscm3 near field scanning optical microscopy shows evidences of the simultaneous presence of bowtie and diamond scars these modes indicate the high quality of the resonators and the potentiality for achieving amorphous silicon microcavity lasers
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711.155
Detecting z > 2 Type IIn Supernovae
Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) dominate the brightest supernova events in observed FUV flux (~1200-2000A). We show that multi-band, multi-epoch optical surveys complete to m_r = 27 can detect the FUV emission of ~25 z > 2 SNe IIn deg^-2 yr^-1 rest-frame (~10 SNe IIn deg^-2 yr^-1 observed-frame) to 4 sigma using a technique monitoring color-selected galaxies. Moreover, the strength and evolution of the bright emission lines observed in low redshift SNe IIn imply that the Ly-a emission features in ~70% of z > 2 SNe IIn are above 8m-class telescope spectroscopic thresholds for ~2 yr rest-frame. As a result, existing facilities have the capability to both photometrically detect and spectroscopically confirm z > 2 SNe IIn and pave the way for efficient searches by future 8m-class survey and 30m-class telescopes. The method presented here uses the sensitivities and wide-field capabilities of current optical instruments and exploits (1) the efficiency of z > 2 galaxy color-selection techniques, (2) the intrinsic brightness distribution (<M_B> = -19.0 +/-0.9) and blue profile of SNe IIn continua, (3) the presence of extremely bright, long-lived emission features, and (4) the potential to detect blueshifted SNe Ly-a emission shortward of host galaxy Ly-a features.
astro-ph
type iin supernovae sne iin dominate the brightest supernova events in observed fuv flux 12002000a we show that multiband multiepoch optical surveys complete to m_r 27 can detect the fuv emission of 25 z 2 sne iin deg2 yr1 restframe 10 sne iin deg2 yr1 observedframe to 4 sigma using a technique monitoring colorselected galaxies moreover the strength and evolution of the bright emission lines observed in low redshift sne iin imply that the lya emission features in 70 of z 2 sne iin are above 8mclass telescope spectroscopic thresholds for 2 yr restframe as a result existing facilities have the capability to both photometrically detect and spectroscopically confirm z 2 sne iin and pave the way for efficient searches by future 8mclass survey and 30mclass telescopes the method presented here uses the sensitivities and widefield capabilities of current optical instruments and exploits 1 the efficiency of z 2 galaxy colorselection techniques 2 the intrinsic brightness distribution m_b 190 09 and blue profile of sne iin continua 3 the presence of extremely bright longlived emission features and 4 the potential to detect blueshifted sne lya emission shortward of host galaxy lya features
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711.1551
On the recognition of fundamental physical principles in recent atmospheric-environmental studies
In this paper, so-called alternative mass balance equations for atmospheric constituents published recently are assessed in comparison with the true local mass balance equations deduced from exact integral formulations. It is shown that these "alternative" expressions appreciably violate the physical law of the conservation of mass as expressed by the equation of continuity. It is also shown that terms of these "alternative" mass balance equations have different physical units, a clear indication that these "alternative" expressions are incorrect. Furthermore, it is argued that in the case of "alternative" mass balance equations a real basis for Monin-Obukhov similarity laws does not exist. These similarity laws are customarily used to determine the turbulent fluxes of momentum, sensible heat and matter in the so-called atmospheric surface layer over even terrain. Moreover, based on exact integral formulations a globally averaged mass balance equation for trace species is derived. It is applied to discuss the budget of carbon dioxide on the basis of the globally averaged natural and anthropogenic emissions and the globally averaged uptake caused by the terrestrial biosphere and the oceans.
physics.ao-ph physics.flu-dyn
in this paper socalled alternative mass balance equations for atmospheric constituents published recently are assessed in comparison with the true local mass balance equations deduced from exact integral formulations it is shown that these alternative expressions appreciably violate the physical law of the conservation of mass as expressed by the equation of continuity it is also shown that terms of these alternative mass balance equations have different physical units a clear indication that these alternative expressions are incorrect furthermore it is argued that in the case of alternative mass balance equations a real basis for moninobukhov similarity laws does not exist these similarity laws are customarily used to determine the turbulent fluxes of momentum sensible heat and matter in the socalled atmospheric surface layer over even terrain moreover based on exact integral formulations a globally averaged mass balance equation for trace species is derived it is applied to discuss the budget of carbon dioxide on the basis of the globally averaged natural and anthropogenic emissions and the globally averaged uptake caused by the terrestrial biosphere and the oceans
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711.1552
Homotopy methods for counting reaction network equilibria
Dynamical system models of complex biochemical reaction networks are usually high-dimensional, nonlinear, and contain many unknown parameters. In some cases the reaction network structure dictates that positive equilibria must be unique for all values of the parameters in the model. In other cases multiple equilibria exist if and only if special relationships between these parameters are satisfied. We describe methods based on homotopy invariance of degree which allow us to determine the number of equilibria for complex biochemical reaction networks and how this number depends on parameters in the model.
math.DS
dynamical system models of complex biochemical reaction networks are usually highdimensional nonlinear and contain many unknown parameters in some cases the reaction network structure dictates that positive equilibria must be unique for all values of the parameters in the model in other cases multiple equilibria exist if and only if special relationships between these parameters are satisfied we describe methods based on homotopy invariance of degree which allow us to determine the number of equilibria for complex biochemical reaction networks and how this number depends on parameters in the model
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711.1553
Mid-Infrared Spectral Diagnosis of Submillimeter Galaxies
We present deep mid-infrared spectroscopy with the Spitzer Space Telescope of 13 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey North (GOODS-N) field. We find strong polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission in all of our targets which allows us to measure mid-IR spectroscopic redshifts and place constraints on the contribution from star formation and active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity to the mid-IR emission. In the high signal-to-noise ratio composite spectrum of SMGs, we find that the hot dust continuum from an AGN contributes at most 30% of the mid-IR luminosity. We find that the mid-IR properties of SMGs are distinct from those of 24 micron -selected ULIRGs at z~2; the former are predominantly dominated by star formation while the latter are a more heterogeneous sample with many showing significant AGN activity. We fit the IRS spectrum and the mid-IR to radio photometry of SMGs with template spectral energy distributions to determine the best estimate of the total infrared luminosity from star formation. While many SMGs contain an AGN as evinced by their X-ray properties, our multi-wavelength analysis shows that the total infrared luminosity, LIR, in SMGs, is dominated by star formation and not AGN activity. We find that high redshift SMGs lie on the relation between LIR and LPAH6.2 (or LPAH7.7 or LPAH11.3) that has been established for local starburst galaxies. This suggests that PAH luminosity can be used as a proxy for the star formation rate in SMGs. SMGs are consistent with being a short lived cool phase in a massive merger. Although there appears to be an AGN present in many SMGs, it does not appear to have become strong enough to heat the dust and dominate the mid- or far-infrared emission.
astro-ph
we present deep midinfrared spectroscopy with the spitzer space telescope of 13 submillimeter galaxies smgs in the great observatories origins deep survey north goodsn field we find strong polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pah emission in all of our targets which allows us to measure midir spectroscopic redshifts and place constraints on the contribution from star formation and active galactic nuclei agn activity to the midir emission in the high signaltonoise ratio composite spectrum of smgs we find that the hot dust continuum from an agn contributes at most 30 of the midir luminosity we find that the midir properties of smgs are distinct from those of 24 micron selected ulirgs at z2 the former are predominantly dominated by star formation while the latter are a more heterogeneous sample with many showing significant agn activity we fit the irs spectrum and the midir to radio photometry of smgs with template spectral energy distributions to determine the best estimate of the total infrared luminosity from star formation while many smgs contain an agn as evinced by their xray properties our multiwavelength analysis shows that the total infrared luminosity lir in smgs is dominated by star formation and not agn activity we find that high redshift smgs lie on the relation between lir and lpah62 or lpah77 or lpah113 that has been established for local starburst galaxies this suggests that pah luminosity can be used as a proxy for the star formation rate in smgs smgs are consistent with being a short lived cool phase in a massive merger although there appears to be an agn present in many smgs it does not appear to have become strong enough to heat the dust and dominate the mid or farinfrared emission
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711.1554
CCO Pulsars as Anti-Magnetars: Evidence of Neutron Stars Weakly Magnetized at Birth
Our new study of the two central compact object pulsars, PSR J1210-5226 (P = 424 ms) and PSR J1852+0040 (P = 105 ms), leads us to conclude that a weak natal magnetic field shaped their unique observational properties. In the dipole spin-down formalism, the 2-sigma upper limits on their period derivatives, < 2E-16 for both pulsars, implies surface magnetic field strengths of B_s < 3E11 G and spin periods at birth equal to their present periods to three significant digits. Their X-ray luminosities exceed their respective spin-down luminosities, implying that their thermal spectra are derived from residual cooling and perhaps partly from accretion of supernova debris. For sufficiently weak magnetic fields an accretion disk can penetrate the light cylinder and interact with the magnetosphere while resulting torques on the neutron star remain within the observed limits. We propose the following as the origin of radio-quiet CCOs: the magnetic field, derived from a turbulent dynamo, is weaker if the NS is formed spinning slowly, which enables it to accrete SN debris. Accretion excludes neutron stars born with both B_s < 1E11 G and P > 0.1 s from radio pulsar surveys, where such weak fields are not encountered except among very old (> 40 Myr) or recycled pulsars. We predict that these birth properties are common, and may be attributes of the youngest detected neutron star, the CCO in Cassiopeia A, as well as an undetected infant neutron star in the SN 1987A remnant. In view of the far-infrared light echo discovered around Cas A and attributed to an SGR-like outburst, it is especially important to determine via timing whether Cas A hosts a magnetar or not. If not a magnetar, the Cas A NS may instead have undergone a one-time phase transition (corequake) that powered the light echo.
astro-ph
our new study of the two central compact object pulsars psr j12105226 p 424 ms and psr j18520040 p 105 ms leads us to conclude that a weak natal magnetic field shaped their unique observational properties in the dipole spindown formalism the 2sigma upper limits on their period derivatives 2e16 for both pulsars implies surface magnetic field strengths of b_s 3e11 g and spin periods at birth equal to their present periods to three significant digits their xray luminosities exceed their respective spindown luminosities implying that their thermal spectra are derived from residual cooling and perhaps partly from accretion of supernova debris for sufficiently weak magnetic fields an accretion disk can penetrate the light cylinder and interact with the magnetosphere while resulting torques on the neutron star remain within the observed limits we propose the following as the origin of radioquiet ccos the magnetic field derived from a turbulent dynamo is weaker if the ns is formed spinning slowly which enables it to accrete sn debris accretion excludes neutron stars born with both b_s 1e11 g and p 01 s from radio pulsar surveys where such weak fields are not encountered except among very old 40 myr or recycled pulsars we predict that these birth properties are common and may be attributes of the youngest detected neutron star the cco in cassiopeia a as well as an undetected infant neutron star in the sn 1987a remnant in view of the farinfrared light echo discovered around cas a and attributed to an sgrlike outburst it is especially important to determine via timing whether cas a hosts a magnetar or not if not a magnetar the cas a ns may instead have undergone a onetime phase transition corequake that powered the light echo
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711.1555
Decoherence in quantum walks and quantum computers
Decoherence is the major stumbling block in the realization of a large-scale quantum computer. Ingenious methods have been devised to overcome decoherence, but their success has been proven only for over-simplified models of system-environment interaction. Whether such methods will be reliable in the face of more realistic models is a fundamental open question. In this partly pedagogical article, we study two toy models of quantum information processing, using the language of \emph{quantum walks}. Decoherence is incorporated in 3 ways - by coupling to a noisy `projective measurement' system, and by coupling to oscillator and spin baths.
quant-ph
decoherence is the major stumbling block in the realization of a largescale quantum computer ingenious methods have been devised to overcome decoherence but their success has been proven only for oversimplified models of systemenvironment interaction whether such methods will be reliable in the face of more realistic models is a fundamental open question in this partly pedagogical article we study two toy models of quantum information processing using the language of emphquantum walks decoherence is incorporated in 3 ways by coupling to a noisy projective measurement system and by coupling to oscillator and spin baths
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711.1556
A comparative code study for quantum fault-tolerance
We study a comprehensive list of quantum codes as candidates of codes to be used at the bottom, physical, level in a fault-tolerant code architecture. Using the Aliferis-Gottesman-Preskill (AGP) ex-Rec method we calculate the pseudo-threshold for these codes against depolarizing noise at various levels of overhead. We estimate the logical noise rate as a function of overhead at a physical error rate of $p_0=1\times 10^{-4}$. The Bacon-Shor codes and the Golay code are the best performers in our study.
quant-ph
we study a comprehensive list of quantum codes as candidates of codes to be used at the bottom physical level in a faulttolerant code architecture using the aliferisgottesmanpreskill agp exrec method we calculate the pseudothreshold for these codes against depolarizing noise at various levels of overhead we estimate the logical noise rate as a function of overhead at a physical error rate of p_01times 104 the baconshor codes and the golay code are the best performers in our study
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711.1557
Gluing constructions for asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds with constant scalar curvature
We show that asymptotically hyperbolic initial data satisfying smallness conditions in dimensions $n\ge 3$, or fast decay conditions in $n\ge 5$, or a genericity condition in $n\ge 9$, can be deformed, by a deformation which is supported arbitrarily far in the asymptotic region, to ones which are exactly Kottler ("Schwarzschild- adS") in the asymptotic region.
gr-qc
we show that asymptotically hyperbolic initial data satisfying smallness conditions in dimensions nge 3 or fast decay conditions in nge 5 or a genericity condition in nge 9 can be deformed by a deformation which is supported arbitrarily far in the asymptotic region to ones which are exactly kottler schwarzschild ads in the asymptotic region
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711.1558
Infrared Investigation of the Charge Ordering Pattern in the Organic Spin Ladder Candidate (DTTTF)2Cu(mnt)2
We measured the variable temperature infrared response of the spin ladder candidate (DTTTF)2Cu(mnt)2 in order to distinguish between two competing ladder models, rectangular versus zigzag, proposed for this family of materials. The distortion along the stack direction below 235 K is consistent with a doubling along b through the metal-insulator transition. While this would agree with either of the ladder models, the concomitant transverse distortion rules out the rectangular ladder model and supports the zigzag scenario. Intramolecular distortions within the DTTTF building block molecule also give rise to on-site charge asymmetry.
cond-mat.other
we measured the variable temperature infrared response of the spin ladder candidate dtttf2cumnt2 in order to distinguish between two competing ladder models rectangular versus zigzag proposed for this family of materials the distortion along the stack direction below 235 k is consistent with a doubling along b through the metalinsulator transition while this would agree with either of the ladder models the concomitant transverse distortion rules out the rectangular ladder model and supports the zigzag scenario intramolecular distortions within the dtttf building block molecule also give rise to onsite charge asymmetry
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711.1559
Emergent universe in a Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory
In this paper we study emergent universe model in the context of a self interacting Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory. The model presents a stable past eternal static solution which eventually enters a phase where the stability of this solution is broken leading to an inflationary period. We also establish constraints for the different parameters appearing in our model.
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
in this paper we study emergent universe model in the context of a self interacting jordanbransdicke theory the model presents a stable past eternal static solution which eventually enters a phase where the stability of this solution is broken leading to an inflationary period we also establish constraints for the different parameters appearing in our model
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711.156
Improving the Calibration of Type Ia Supernovae Using Late-time Lightcurves
The use of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) as cosmological standard candles is a key to solving the mystery of dark energy. Improving the calibration of SNe Ia increases their power as cosmological standard candles. We find tentative evidence for a correlation between the late-time lightcurve slope and the peak luminosity of SNe Ia in the B band; brighter SNe Ia seem to have shallower lightcurve slopes between 100 and 150 days from maximum light. Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis in calibrating SNe Ia, we are able to simultaneously take into consideration the effect of dust extinction, the luminosity and lightcurve width correlation (parametrized by \Delta m_{15}), and the luminosity and late-time lightcurve slope correlation. For the available sample of 11 SNe Ia with well-measured late-time lightcurves, we find that correcting for the correlation between luminosity and late-time lightcurve slope of the SNe Ia leads to an intrinsic dispersion of 0.12 mag in the Hubble diagram. Our results have significant implications for future supernova surveys aimed to illuminate the nature of dark energy.
astro-ph
the use of type ia supernovae sne ia as cosmological standard candles is a key to solving the mystery of dark energy improving the calibration of sne ia increases their power as cosmological standard candles we find tentative evidence for a correlation between the latetime lightcurve slope and the peak luminosity of sne ia in the b band brighter sne ia seem to have shallower lightcurve slopes between 100 and 150 days from maximum light using a markov chain monte carlo analysis in calibrating sne ia we are able to simultaneously take into consideration the effect of dust extinction the luminosity and lightcurve width correlation parametrized by delta m_15 and the luminosity and latetime lightcurve slope correlation for the available sample of 11 sne ia with wellmeasured latetime lightcurves we find that correcting for the correlation between luminosity and latetime lightcurve slope of the sne ia leads to an intrinsic dispersion of 012 mag in the hubble diagram our results have significant implications for future supernova surveys aimed to illuminate the nature of dark energy
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711.1561
The Hecke group algebra of a Coxeter group and its representation theory
Let W be a finite Coxeter group. We define its Hecke-group algebra by gluing together appropriately its group algebra and its 0-Hecke algebra. We describe in detail this algebra (dimension, several bases, conjectural presentation, combinatorial construction of simple and indecomposable projective modules, Cartan map) and give several alternative equivalent definitions (as symmetry preserving operator algebra, as poset algebra, as commutant algebra, ...). In type A, the Hecke-group algebra can be described as the algebra generated simultaneously by the elementary transpositions and the elementary sorting operators acting on permutations. It turns out to be closely related to the monoid algebras of respectively nondecreasing functions and nondecreasing parking functions, the representation theory of which we describe as well. This defines three towers of algebras, and we give explicitly the Grothendieck algebras and coalgebras given respectively by their induction products and their restriction coproducts. This yields some new interpretations of the classical bases of quasi-symmetric and noncommutative symmetric functions as well as some new bases.
math.RT math.CO
let w be a finite coxeter group we define its heckegroup algebra by gluing together appropriately its group algebra and its 0hecke algebra we describe in detail this algebra dimension several bases conjectural presentation combinatorial construction of simple and indecomposable projective modules cartan map and give several alternative equivalent definitions as symmetry preserving operator algebra as poset algebra as commutant algebra in type a the heckegroup algebra can be described as the algebra generated simultaneously by the elementary transpositions and the elementary sorting operators acting on permutations it turns out to be closely related to the monoid algebras of respectively nondecreasing functions and nondecreasing parking functions the representation theory of which we describe as well this defines three towers of algebras and we give explicitly the grothendieck algebras and coalgebras given respectively by their induction products and their restriction coproducts this yields some new interpretations of the classical bases of quasisymmetric and noncommutative symmetric functions as well as some new bases
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711.1562
Universal Fermi Gas with Two- and Three-Body Resonances
We consider a Fermi gas with two components of different masses, with the s-wave two-body interaction tuned to unitarity. In the range of mass ratio 8.62<M/m<13.6, it is possible for a single contact interaction between heavy fermions to produce a resonance in a three-body channel. The resulting system is scale invariant and has universal properties, and is very strongly interacting. When M/m is slightly above the lower limit 8.62, the ground state energy of a 2:1 mixture of heavy and light fermions is less than 2% of the energy of a noninteracting gas with the same number densities. We derive exact relationships between the pressures of the unitary Fermi gases with and without three-body resonance when the mass ratio is close to the critical values of 8.62 and 13.6. Possible experimental realization with cold atoms in optical lattices is discussed.
cond-mat.other nucl-th
we consider a fermi gas with two components of different masses with the swave twobody interaction tuned to unitarity in the range of mass ratio 862mm136 it is possible for a single contact interaction between heavy fermions to produce a resonance in a threebody channel the resulting system is scale invariant and has universal properties and is very strongly interacting when mm is slightly above the lower limit 862 the ground state energy of a 21 mixture of heavy and light fermions is less than 2 of the energy of a noninteracting gas with the same number densities we derive exact relationships between the pressures of the unitary fermi gases with and without threebody resonance when the mass ratio is close to the critical values of 862 and 136 possible experimental realization with cold atoms in optical lattices is discussed
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711.1563
Bose Hubbard model in the presence of Ohmic dissipation
We study the zero temperature mean-field phase diagram of the Bose-Hubbard model in the presence of local coupling between the bosons and an external bath. We consider a coupling that conserves the on-site occupation number, preserving the robustness of the Mott and superfluid phases. We show that the coupling to the bath renormalizes the chemical potential and the interaction between the bosons and reduces the size of the superfluid regions between the insulating lobes. For strong enough coupling, a finite value of hopping is required to obtain superfluidity around the degeneracy points where Mott phases with different occupation numbers coexist. We discuss the role that such a bath coupling may play in experiments that probe the formation of the insulator-superfluid shell structure in systems of trapped atoms.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
we study the zero temperature meanfield phase diagram of the bosehubbard model in the presence of local coupling between the bosons and an external bath we consider a coupling that conserves the onsite occupation number preserving the robustness of the mott and superfluid phases we show that the coupling to the bath renormalizes the chemical potential and the interaction between the bosons and reduces the size of the superfluid regions between the insulating lobes for strong enough coupling a finite value of hopping is required to obtain superfluidity around the degeneracy points where mott phases with different occupation numbers coexist we discuss the role that such a bath coupling may play in experiments that probe the formation of the insulatorsuperfluid shell structure in systems of trapped atoms
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711.1564
CP violation in charm
CP-violating asymmetries in charm provide a unique probe of physics beyond the Standard Model. I review several topics relevant to searches for CP-violation in charmed meson and baryon transitions.
hep-ph
cpviolating asymmetries in charm provide a unique probe of physics beyond the standard model i review several topics relevant to searches for cpviolation in charmed meson and baryon transitions
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711.1565
Channel Code Design with Causal Side Information at the Encoder
The problem of channel code design for the $M$-ary input AWGN channel with additive $Q$-ary interference where the sequence of i.i.d. interference symbols is known causally at the encoder is considered. The code design criterion at high SNR is derived by defining a new distance measure between the input symbols of the Shannon's \emph{associated} channel. For the case of binary-input channel, i.e., M=2, it is shown that it is sufficient to use only two (out of $2^Q$) input symbols of the \emph{associated} channel in the encoding as far as the distance spectrum of code is concerned. This reduces the problem of channel code design for the binary-input AWGN channel with known interference at the encoder to design of binary codes for the binary symmetric channel where the Hamming distance among codewords is the major factor in the performance of the code.
cs.IT math.IT
the problem of channel code design for the mary input awgn channel with additive qary interference where the sequence of iid interference symbols is known causally at the encoder is considered the code design criterion at high snr is derived by defining a new distance measure between the input symbols of the shannons emphassociated channel for the case of binaryinput channel ie m2 it is shown that it is sufficient to use only two out of 2q input symbols of the emphassociated channel in the encoding as far as the distance spectrum of code is concerned this reduces the problem of channel code design for the binaryinput awgn channel with known interference at the encoder to design of binary codes for the binary symmetric channel where the hamming distance among codewords is the major factor in the performance of the code
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711.1566
Chiral Odd Generalized Parton Distributions in Impact Parameter Space
We investigate the chiral odd generalized parton distributions (GPDs) for the quantum fluctuations of an electron in QED. The light-front wave function (LFWF) of this system gives a template for the quark spin-one diquark structure of the valence LFWF of the proton. We express the GPDs in terms of overlaps of LFWFs and obtain their representation in impact parameter space when the momentum transfer is purely transverse. We show the spin-orbit correlation effect of the two-particle LFWF as well as the correlation between the constituent spin and the transverse spin of the target.
hep-ph
we investigate the chiral odd generalized parton distributions gpds for the quantum fluctuations of an electron in qed the lightfront wave function lfwf of this system gives a template for the quark spinone diquark structure of the valence lfwf of the proton we express the gpds in terms of overlaps of lfwfs and obtain their representation in impact parameter space when the momentum transfer is purely transverse we show the spinorbit correlation effect of the twoparticle lfwf as well as the correlation between the constituent spin and the transverse spin of the target
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711.1567
Effect of Leptonic CP Phase in nu_mu --> nu_mu Oscillations
In the case of large 1-3 mixing angle as sin^2(2theta13 > 0.03, we investigate the possibility for measuring the leptonic CP phase by using only nu_mu --> nu_mu oscillations independently of nu_mu --> nu_e oscillations. As the result, we find that the CP phase can be measured best around the energy E=0.43 GeV and the baseline length L=5000km without strongly depending on the uncertainties of other parameters. In this region, the CP phase effect remains even after averaging over neutrino energy. We also find that there is the CP sensitivity even in the short baseline length L < 1000 km if Delta m_{31}^2 is determined with the uncertainty of about 0.1 . In the T2KK experiment, we explore the possibility for determining Delta m_{31}^2 by using one baseline from Tokai to Korea and then measuring the CP phase by using the baseline to Kamioka. As the result, we find that some information of the CP phase can be obtained from both measurements.
hep-ph
in the case of large 13 mixing angle as sin22theta13 003 we investigate the possibility for measuring the leptonic cp phase by using only nu_mu nu_mu oscillations independently of nu_mu nu_e oscillations as the result we find that the cp phase can be measured best around the energy e043 gev and the baseline length l5000km without strongly depending on the uncertainties of other parameters in this region the cp phase effect remains even after averaging over neutrino energy we also find that there is the cp sensitivity even in the short baseline length l 1000 km if delta m_312 is determined with the uncertainty of about 01 in the t2kk experiment we explore the possibility for determining delta m_312 by using one baseline from tokai to korea and then measuring the cp phase by using the baseline to kamioka as the result we find that some information of the cp phase can be obtained from both measurements
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711.1568
A global view of drug-therapy interactions
Network science is already making an impact on the study of complex systems and offers a promising variety of tools to understand their formation and evolution (1-4) in many disparate fields from large communication networks (5,6), transportation infrastructures (7) and social communities (8,9) to biological systems (1,10,11). Even though new highthroughput technologies have rapidly been generating large amounts of genomic data, drug design has not followed the same development, and it is still complicated and expensive to develop new single-target drugs. Nevertheless, recent approaches suggest that multi-target drug design combined with a network-dependent approach and large-scale systems-oriented strategies (12-14) create a promising framework to combat complex multigenetic disorders like cancer or diabetes. Here, we investigate the human network corresponding to the interactions between all US approved drugs and human therapies, defined by known drug-therapy relationships. Our results show that the key paths in this network are shorter than three steps, indicating that distant therapies are separated by a surprisingly low number of chemical compounds. We also identify a sub-network composed by drugs with high centrality measures (15), which represent the structural back-bone of the drug-therapy system and act as hubs routing information between distant parts of the network. These findings provide for the first time a global map of the largescale organization of all known drugs and associated therapies, bringing new insights on possible strategies for future drug development. Special attention should be given to drugs which combine the two properties of (a) having a high centrality value and (b) acting on multiple targets.
q-bio.BM
network science is already making an impact on the study of complex systems and offers a promising variety of tools to understand their formation and evolution 14 in many disparate fields from large communication networks 56 transportation infrastructures 7 and social communities 89 to biological systems 11011 even though new highthroughput technologies have rapidly been generating large amounts of genomic data drug design has not followed the same development and it is still complicated and expensive to develop new singletarget drugs nevertheless recent approaches suggest that multitarget drug design combined with a networkdependent approach and largescale systemsoriented strategies 1214 create a promising framework to combat complex multigenetic disorders like cancer or diabetes here we investigate the human network corresponding to the interactions between all us approved drugs and human therapies defined by known drugtherapy relationships our results show that the key paths in this network are shorter than three steps indicating that distant therapies are separated by a surprisingly low number of chemical compounds we also identify a subnetwork composed by drugs with high centrality measures 15 which represent the structural backbone of the drugtherapy system and act as hubs routing information between distant parts of the network these findings provide for the first time a global map of the largescale organization of all known drugs and associated therapies bringing new insights on possible strategies for future drug development special attention should be given to drugs which combine the two properties of a having a high centrality value and b acting on multiple targets
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711.1569
Capacity as a Fundamental Metric for Mechanism Design in the Information Economy
The auction theory literature has so far focused mostly on the design of mechanisms that takes the revenue or the efficiency as a yardstick. However, scenarios where the {\it capacity}, which we define as \textit{``the number of bidders the auctioneer wants to have a positive probability of getting the item''}, is a fundamental concern are ubiquitous in the information economy. For instance, in sponsored search auctions (SSA's) or in online ad-exchanges, the true value of an ad-slot for an advertiser is inherently derived from the conversion-rate, which in turn depends on whether the advertiser actually obtained the ad-slot or not; thus, unless the capacity of the underlying auction is large, key parameters, such as true valuations and advertiser-specific conversion rates, will remain unknown or uncertain leading to inherent inefficiencies in the system. In general, the same holds true for all information goods/digital goods. We initiate a study of mechanisms, which take capacity as a yardstick, in addition to revenue/efficiency. We show that in the case of a single indivisible item one simple way to incorporate capacity constraints is via designing mechanisms to sell probability distributions, and that under certain conditions, such optimal probability distributions could be identified using a Linear programming approach. We define a quantity called {\it price of capacity} to capture the tradeoff between capacity and revenue/efficiency. We also study the case of sponsored search auctions. Finally, we discuss how general such an approach via probability spikes can be made, and potential directions for future investigations.
cs.GT
the auction theory literature has so far focused mostly on the design of mechanisms that takes the revenue or the efficiency as a yardstick however scenarios where the it capacity which we define as textitthe number of bidders the auctioneer wants to have a positive probability of getting the item is a fundamental concern are ubiquitous in the information economy for instance in sponsored search auctions ssas or in online adexchanges the true value of an adslot for an advertiser is inherently derived from the conversionrate which in turn depends on whether the advertiser actually obtained the adslot or not thus unless the capacity of the underlying auction is large key parameters such as true valuations and advertiserspecific conversion rates will remain unknown or uncertain leading to inherent inefficiencies in the system in general the same holds true for all information goodsdigital goods we initiate a study of mechanisms which take capacity as a yardstick in addition to revenueefficiency we show that in the case of a single indivisible item one simple way to incorporate capacity constraints is via designing mechanisms to sell probability distributions and that under certain conditions such optimal probability distributions could be identified using a linear programming approach we define a quantity called it price of capacity to capture the tradeoff between capacity and revenueefficiency we also study the case of sponsored search auctions finally we discuss how general such an approach via probability spikes can be made and potential directions for future investigations
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711.157
Sterile neutrino dark matter in warped extra dimensions
We consider a (long-lived) sterile neutrino dark matter scenario in a five dimensional (5D) warped extra dimension model where the fields can live in the bulk, which is partly motivated from the absence of the absolutely stable particles in a simple Randall-Sundrum model. The dominant production of the sterile neutrino can come from the decay of the radion (the scalar field representing the brane separation) around the electroweak scale. The suppressions of the 4D parameters due to the warp factor and the small wave function overlaps in the extra dimension help alleviate the exceeding fine-tunings typical for a sterile neutrino dark matter scenario in a 4D setup.
hep-ph astro-ph hep-th
we consider a longlived sterile neutrino dark matter scenario in a five dimensional 5d warped extra dimension model where the fields can live in the bulk which is partly motivated from the absence of the absolutely stable particles in a simple randallsundrum model the dominant production of the sterile neutrino can come from the decay of the radion the scalar field representing the brane separation around the electroweak scale the suppressions of the 4d parameters due to the warp factor and the small wave function overlaps in the extra dimension help alleviate the exceeding finetunings typical for a sterile neutrino dark matter scenario in a 4d setup
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711.1571
Experimental Prospects for CP and T Violation Studies in Charm
We present the current status of experimental results and prospects for the determination of CP and T violation in the charm sector. Such measurements have acquired renewed interest in recent years in view of theoretical work, which has highlighted the possibility to probe experimental signatures from New Physics beyond the Standard Model, since the effect of CP violation due to Standard Model processes is expected to be highly suppressed in D decays. The current limits of experimental sensitivities for these studies are reaching the interesting theoretical regimes. We include new measurements from the Belle, BABAR, and CLEO-c collaborations.
hep-ex
we present the current status of experimental results and prospects for the determination of cp and t violation in the charm sector such measurements have acquired renewed interest in recent years in view of theoretical work which has highlighted the possibility to probe experimental signatures from new physics beyond the standard model since the effect of cp violation due to standard model processes is expected to be highly suppressed in d decays the current limits of experimental sensitivities for these studies are reaching the interesting theoretical regimes we include new measurements from the belle babar and cleoc collaborations
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711.1572
Radio observational constraints on Galactic 3D-emission models
(Abridged) We constrain simulated all-sky maps in total intensity, linear polarization, and rotation measure (RM) by observations. We test a number of large-scale magnetic field configurations and take the properties of the warm interstellar medium into account. From a comparison of simulated and observed maps we are able to constrain the regular large-scale Galactic magnetic field in the disk and the halo of the Galaxy. The local regular field is 2 microG and the average random field is about 3 microG. The known local excess of synchrotron emission originating either from enhanced CR electrons or random magnetic fields is able to explain the observed high-latitude synchrotron emission. The thermal electron model (NE2001) in conjunction with a proper filling factor accounts for the observed optically thin thermal emission and low frequency absorption by optically thick emission. A coupling factor between thermal electrons and the random magnetic field component is proposed, which in addition to the small filling factor of thermal electrons increases small-scale RM fluctuations and thus accounts for the observed depolarization at 1.4 GHz. We conclude that an axisymmetric magnetic disk field configuration with reversals inside the solar circle fits available observations best. Out of the plane a strong toroidal magnetic field with different signs above and below the plane is needed to account for the observed high-latitude RMs. Our preferred 3D-model fits the observations better than other models over a wide frequency range.
astro-ph
abridged we constrain simulated allsky maps in total intensity linear polarization and rotation measure rm by observations we test a number of largescale magnetic field configurations and take the properties of the warm interstellar medium into account from a comparison of simulated and observed maps we are able to constrain the regular largescale galactic magnetic field in the disk and the halo of the galaxy the local regular field is 2 microg and the average random field is about 3 microg the known local excess of synchrotron emission originating either from enhanced cr electrons or random magnetic fields is able to explain the observed highlatitude synchrotron emission the thermal electron model ne2001 in conjunction with a proper filling factor accounts for the observed optically thin thermal emission and low frequency absorption by optically thick emission a coupling factor between thermal electrons and the random magnetic field component is proposed which in addition to the small filling factor of thermal electrons increases smallscale rm fluctuations and thus accounts for the observed depolarization at 14 ghz we conclude that an axisymmetric magnetic disk field configuration with reversals inside the solar circle fits available observations best out of the plane a strong toroidal magnetic field with different signs above and below the plane is needed to account for the observed highlatitude rms our preferred 3dmodel fits the observations better than other models over a wide frequency range
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711.1573
Outage-Efficient Downlink Transmission Without Transmit Channel State Information
This paper investigates downlink transmission over a quasi-static fading Gaussian broadcast channel (BC), to model delay-sensitive applications over slowly time-varying fading channels. System performance is characterized by outage achievable rate regions. In contrast to most previous work, here the problem is studied under the key assumption that the transmitter only knows the probability distributions of the fading coefficients, but not their realizations. For scalar-input channels, two coding schemes are proposed. The first scheme is called blind dirty paper coding (B-DPC), which utilizes a robustness property of dirty paper coding to perform precoding at the transmitter. The second scheme is called statistical superposition coding (S-SC), in which each receiver adaptively performs successive decoding with the process statistically governed by the realized fading. Both B-DPC and S-SC schemes lead to the same outage achievable rate region, which always dominates that of time-sharing, irrespective of the particular fading distributions. The S-SC scheme can be extended to BCs with multiple transmit antennas.
cs.IT math.IT
this paper investigates downlink transmission over a quasistatic fading gaussian broadcast channel bc to model delaysensitive applications over slowly timevarying fading channels system performance is characterized by outage achievable rate regions in contrast to most previous work here the problem is studied under the key assumption that the transmitter only knows the probability distributions of the fading coefficients but not their realizations for scalarinput channels two coding schemes are proposed the first scheme is called blind dirty paper coding bdpc which utilizes a robustness property of dirty paper coding to perform precoding at the transmitter the second scheme is called statistical superposition coding ssc in which each receiver adaptively performs successive decoding with the process statistically governed by the realized fading both bdpc and ssc schemes lead to the same outage achievable rate region which always dominates that of timesharing irrespective of the particular fading distributions the ssc scheme can be extended to bcs with multiple transmit antennas
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711.1574
Stability of Bose Einstein condensates of hot magnons in YIG
We investigate the stability of the recently discovered room temperature Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of magnons in Ytrrium Iron Garnet (YIG) films. We show that magnon-magnon interactions depend strongly on the external field orientation, and that the BEC in current experiments is actually metastable - it only survives because of finite size effects, and because the BEC density is very low. On the other hand a strong field applied perpendicular to the sample plane leads to a repulsive magnon-magnon interaction; we predict that a high-density magnon BEC can then be formed in this perpendicular field geometry.
cond-mat.other cond-mat.mes-hall
we investigate the stability of the recently discovered room temperature boseeinstein condensate bec of magnons in ytrrium iron garnet yig films we show that magnonmagnon interactions depend strongly on the external field orientation and that the bec in current experiments is actually metastable it only survives because of finite size effects and because the bec density is very low on the other hand a strong field applied perpendicular to the sample plane leads to a repulsive magnonmagnon interaction we predict that a highdensity magnon bec can then be formed in this perpendicular field geometry
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711.1575
Remodeled Relativity Theory
This remodeled form of Einstein's relativity theories retains and incorporates only experimentally proven principles. It is based on a generalized law for spinning and rotational motions, which is in fact the conservation law of momentum vector direction, and can be successfully used for the precision computation of planetary and lunar orbits. The most fundamental principles of the remodeled relativity theory are the conservation laws of energy and momentum. Based on experience of relativity experiments, we adopted the principles that energy level is the underlying cause for relativistic effects, and that mass is expressed by the relativistic energy equation from Einstein. From space age ephemeris generation experience and following nature's way to conserve energy and momentum, we found reason to replace the concept of "relativity of all frames" with that of "nature's preferred frame", which helped us to escape Einstein's dilemma till 1912, when he concluded that 'there is no way of escape from the consequence of non-Euclidean geometry, if all frames are permissible'. Einstein formulated gtr as a law for all frames, but physicists and astronomers have continued to adopt one or other 'ad-hoc' approach not in full conformity with the basic tenets of gtr/str. Based on above principles, a comprehensive remodeling led to this theory that uses Euclidean space to consistently and successfully simulate numerically the results of all the "well-established" tests of gtr (as in our earlier papers), and for the precise calculation of relativistic effects observed in case of the GPS applications, and other tests of str. It combined the essential essence of gtr/str, and the experience of relativity experiments, and has been shown to avoid the inadequacies of the former.
physics.gen-ph
this remodeled form of einsteins relativity theories retains and incorporates only experimentally proven principles it is based on a generalized law for spinning and rotational motions which is in fact the conservation law of momentum vector direction and can be successfully used for the precision computation of planetary and lunar orbits the most fundamental principles of the remodeled relativity theory are the conservation laws of energy and momentum based on experience of relativity experiments we adopted the principles that energy level is the underlying cause for relativistic effects and that mass is expressed by the relativistic energy equation from einstein from space age ephemeris generation experience and following natures way to conserve energy and momentum we found reason to replace the concept of relativity of all frames with that of natures preferred frame which helped us to escape einsteins dilemma till 1912 when he concluded that there is no way of escape from the consequence of noneuclidean geometry if all frames are permissible einstein formulated gtr as a law for all frames but physicists and astronomers have continued to adopt one or other adhoc approach not in full conformity with the basic tenets of gtrstr based on above principles a comprehensive remodeling led to this theory that uses euclidean space to consistently and successfully simulate numerically the results of all the wellestablished tests of gtr as in our earlier papers and for the precise calculation of relativistic effects observed in case of the gps applications and other tests of str it combined the essential essence of gtrstr and the experience of relativity experiments and has been shown to avoid the inadequacies of the former
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711.1576
A magnetization equation for non-equilibrium spin systems
A magnetization equation for a system of spins evolving non-adiabatically and out of equilibrium is derived without specifying the internal interactions. For relaxation processes, this equation provides a general form of magnetization damping. A special case of the spin-spin exchange interaction is considered.
cond-mat.other hep-th
a magnetization equation for a system of spins evolving nonadiabatically and out of equilibrium is derived without specifying the internal interactions for relaxation processes this equation provides a general form of magnetization damping a special case of the spinspin exchange interaction is considered
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711.1577
Structural and magnetic properties in the ruthenate Bi2.67Pr0.33Ru3O11
An unreported praseodymium substituted phase of the Bi-Ru-O system with formula Bi2.67Pr0.33Ru3O11was prepared. Its crystal structure and magnetic properties were investigated. Pr substituted occurs only on one of the two Bi sites. The magnetism of the compound is essentially dominated by a Pr3+ contribution. A non linear variation of the reciprocal magnetic susceptibility is observed that appears to account for crystal electric field interactions on the Pr3+ ions.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
an unreported praseodymium substituted phase of the biruo system with formula bi267pr033ru3o11was prepared its crystal structure and magnetic properties were investigated pr substituted occurs only on one of the two bi sites the magnetism of the compound is essentially dominated by a pr3 contribution a non linear variation of the reciprocal magnetic susceptibility is observed that appears to account for crystal electric field interactions on the pr3 ions
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711.1578
Effect of mixed alkali-element substitution on structural and magnetic properties of praseodymium manganites Pr0.9(Na1-xKx)0.1MnO3
The effect of cationic size mismatch at the A site at constant manganese valence on the structural and magnetic properties of a perovskite-type rare-earth manganate was investigated in the Pr0.9(Na1-xKx)0.1MnO3 solid solution system (0 <= x < 1). All members of this solid solution series are orthorhombic at room temperature, space group Pbnm. Structural refinements using the Rietveld method show that the cell volume increases and the static Jahn-Teller distortion decreases with increasing potassium content x. Magnetic properties are characterized by strong positive \theta p values, and are ascribed to a canted ferromagnetic arrangement. The high Curie constant values in the paramagnetic regime can be explained by a magnetic cluster model of 2-3 Mn ions.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
the effect of cationic size mismatch at the a site at constant manganese valence on the structural and magnetic properties of a perovskitetype rareearth manganate was investigated in the pr09na1xkx01mno3 solid solution system 0 x 1 all members of this solid solution series are orthorhombic at room temperature space group pbnm structural refinements using the rietveld method show that the cell volume increases and the static jahnteller distortion decreases with increasing potassium content x magnetic properties are characterized by strong positive theta p values and are ascribed to a canted ferromagnetic arrangement the high curie constant values in the paramagnetic regime can be explained by a magnetic cluster model of 23 mn ions
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711.1579
Holomorphic dynamics, Painlev\'e VI equation and Character Varieties
We study the monodromy of Painlev\'e VI equation from a dynamical point of view. This is applied to the description of bounded orbits, and to a proof of the irreducibility of Painlev\'e VI equation in the sens of Casale and Malgrange. On our way, we compute the entropy of each element of the monodromy group, and we precise the dictionary between character varieties and Painlev\'e equations.
math.DS math.AG math.CA
we study the monodromy of painleve vi equation from a dynamical point of view this is applied to the description of bounded orbits and to a proof of the irreducibility of painleve vi equation in the sens of casale and malgrange on our way we compute the entropy of each element of the monodromy group and we precise the dictionary between character varieties and painleve equations
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711.158
Telegraph-type versus diffusion-type models of turbulent relative dispersion
Properties of two equations describing the evolution of the probability density function (PDF) of the relative dispersion in turbulent flow are compared by investigating their solutions: the Richardson diffusion equation with the drift term and the self-similar telegraph equation derived by Ogasawara and Toh [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 75, 083401 (2006)]. The solution of the self-similar telegraph equation vanishes at a finite point, which represents persistent separation of a particle pair, while that of the Richardson equation extends infinitely just after the initial time. Each equation has a similarity solution, which is found to be an asymptotic solution of the initial value problem. The time lag has a dominant effect on the relaxation process into the similarity solution. The approaching time to the similarity solution can be reduced by advancing the time of the similarity solution appropriately. Batchelor scaling, a scaling law relevant to initial separation, is observed only for the telegraph case. For both models, we estimate the Richardson constant, based on their similarity solutions.
nlin.CD
properties of two equations describing the evolution of the probability density function pdf of the relative dispersion in turbulent flow are compared by investigating their solutions the richardson diffusion equation with the drift term and the selfsimilar telegraph equation derived by ogasawara and toh j phys soc jpn 75 083401 2006 the solution of the selfsimilar telegraph equation vanishes at a finite point which represents persistent separation of a particle pair while that of the richardson equation extends infinitely just after the initial time each equation has a similarity solution which is found to be an asymptotic solution of the initial value problem the time lag has a dominant effect on the relaxation process into the similarity solution the approaching time to the similarity solution can be reduced by advancing the time of the similarity solution appropriately batchelor scaling a scaling law relevant to initial separation is observed only for the telegraph case for both models we estimate the richardson constant based on their similarity solutions
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711.1581
Non-affine deformations of inherent structure as signature of cooperativity in supercooled liquids
We unveil the existence of non-affinely rearranging regions in the inherent structures (IS) of supercooled liquids by numerical simulations of two- and three-dimensional model glass formers subject to static shear deformations combined with local energy minimizations. In the liquid state IS, we find a broad distribution of rather large rearrangements which are correlated only over small distances. At low temperatures, the onset of the cooperative dynamics corresponds to much smaller displacements correlated over larger distances. This finding indicates the presence of non-affinely rearranging domains of relevant size in the IS deformation, which can be seen as the static counterpart of the cooperatively rearranging regions in the dynamics. This idea provides new insight into possible structural signatures of slow cooperative dynamics of supercooled liquids and supports the connections with elastic heterogeneities found in amorphous solids.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn
we unveil the existence of nonaffinely rearranging regions in the inherent structures is of supercooled liquids by numerical simulations of two and threedimensional model glass formers subject to static shear deformations combined with local energy minimizations in the liquid state is we find a broad distribution of rather large rearrangements which are correlated only over small distances at low temperatures the onset of the cooperative dynamics corresponds to much smaller displacements correlated over larger distances this finding indicates the presence of nonaffinely rearranging domains of relevant size in the is deformation which can be seen as the static counterpart of the cooperatively rearranging regions in the dynamics this idea provides new insight into possible structural signatures of slow cooperative dynamics of supercooled liquids and supports the connections with elastic heterogeneities found in amorphous solids
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711.1582
Notes on Local Grand Unification
Grand unified models in four dimensions typically suffer from the doublet-triplet splitting problem. This obstacle can be overcome in higher-dimensional settings, where a non-trivial gauge group topography can explain the simultaneous appearance of complete standard model generations in the form of 16-plets of SO(10) and the Higgs fields as split multiplets. In these notes, the emerging scheme of `local grand unification' and its realization in the context of orbifold compactifications of the heterotic string are reviewed.
hep-ph hep-th
grand unified models in four dimensions typically suffer from the doublettriplet splitting problem this obstacle can be overcome in higherdimensional settings where a nontrivial gauge group topography can explain the simultaneous appearance of complete standard model generations in the form of 16plets of so10 and the higgs fields as split multiplets in these notes the emerging scheme of local grand unification and its realization in the context of orbifold compactifications of the heterotic string are reviewed
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711.1583
SU(2) Symmetry and Conservation of Helicity for a Dirac Particle in a Static Magnetic Field at First Order
We investigate the spin dynamics and the conservation of helicity in the first order $S-$matrix of a Dirac particle in any static magnetic field. We express the dynamical quantities using a coordinate system defined by the three mutually orthogonal vectors; the total momentum $\mathbf{k}=\mathbf{p_f}+\mathbf{p_i}$, the momentum transfer $\mathbf{q}=\mathbf{p_f-p_i}$, and $\mathbf{l}=\mathbf{k\times q}$. We show that this leads to an alternative symmetric description of the conservation of helicity in a static magnetic field at first order. In particular, we show that helicity conservation in the transition can be viewed as the invariance of the component of the spin along $\mathbf{k}$, and the flipping of its component along $\mathbf{q}$, just as what happens to the momentum vector of a ball bouncing off a wall. We also derive a "plug and play" formula for the transition matrix element where the only reference to the specific field configuration, and the incident and outgoing momenta is through the kinematical factors multiplying a general matrix element that is independent of the specific vector potential present.
quant-ph hep-th
we investigate the spin dynamics and the conservation of helicity in the first order smatrix of a dirac particle in any static magnetic field we express the dynamical quantities using a coordinate system defined by the three mutually orthogonal vectors the total momentum mathbfkmathbfp_fmathbfp_i the momentum transfer mathbfqmathbfp_fp_i and mathbflmathbfktimes q we show that this leads to an alternative symmetric description of the conservation of helicity in a static magnetic field at first order in particular we show that helicity conservation in the transition can be viewed as the invariance of the component of the spin along mathbfk and the flipping of its component along mathbfq just as what happens to the momentum vector of a ball bouncing off a wall we also derive a plug and play formula for the transition matrix element where the only reference to the specific field configuration and the incident and outgoing momenta is through the kinematical factors multiplying a general matrix element that is independent of the specific vector potential present
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711.1584
Conformal Geometrodynamics: Exact Nonstationary Spherically Symmetric Solutions
A nonstationary spherically symmetric problem for conformal geometrodynamics equations is considered and general exact solutions in quadratures are obtained. Involvement of Weyl degrees of freedom allows us to consider the problem with arbitrary initial data, as for the conformal geometrodynamics equations the Cauchy problem is set up without connections to initial data. The results of this paper are not confined with the framework of the perturbation theory and open up new avenues for study of the process of space-time singularity evolution in time.
gr-qc
a nonstationary spherically symmetric problem for conformal geometrodynamics equations is considered and general exact solutions in quadratures are obtained involvement of weyl degrees of freedom allows us to consider the problem with arbitrary initial data as for the conformal geometrodynamics equations the cauchy problem is set up without connections to initial data the results of this paper are not confined with the framework of the perturbation theory and open up new avenues for study of the process of spacetime singularity evolution in time
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711.1585
New Universal Local Feature in the Inflationary Perturbation Spectrum
A model is developed in which the inflaton potential experiences a sudden small change in its second derivative (the effective mass of the inflaton). An exact treatment demonstrates that the resulting density perturbation has a quasi-flat power spectrum with a break in its slope (a step in n_s). The step in the spectral index is modulated by characteristic oscillations and results in large running of the spectral index localised over a few e-folds of scales. A field-theoretic model giving rise to such behaviour of the inflationary potential is based on a fast phase transition experienced by a second scalar field weakly coupled to the inflaton. Such a transition is similar to that which terminates inflation in the hybrid inflationary scenario. This scenario suggests that the observed running of the spectral index in the WMAP data may be caused by a fast second order phase transition which occurred during inflation.
astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph hep-th
a model is developed in which the inflaton potential experiences a sudden small change in its second derivative the effective mass of the inflaton an exact treatment demonstrates that the resulting density perturbation has a quasiflat power spectrum with a break in its slope a step in n_s the step in the spectral index is modulated by characteristic oscillations and results in large running of the spectral index localised over a few efolds of scales a fieldtheoretic model giving rise to such behaviour of the inflationary potential is based on a fast phase transition experienced by a second scalar field weakly coupled to the inflaton such a transition is similar to that which terminates inflation in the hybrid inflationary scenario this scenario suggests that the observed running of the spectral index in the wmap data may be caused by a fast second order phase transition which occurred during inflation
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711.1586
Detection of Very-High Energy Gamma-Rays from the BL Lac Object PG 1553+113 with the MAGIC Telescope
The MAGIC telescope has observed very-high energy gamma-ray emission from the BL Lac object PG 1553+113 in 2005 and 2006 at an overall significance is 8.8 sigma. The light curve shows no significant flux variations on a daily timescale. The flux level during 2005 was, however, significantly higher as compared to 2006. The differential energy spectrum between approx. 90 GeV and 500 GeV is well described by a power law with a spectral index of -4.2+-0.3. The photon energy spectrum and spectral modeling allow to pose upper limits of z=0.74 and z=0.56, respectively, on the yet undetermined redshift of PG 1553+113. Recent VLT observations of this blazar show featureless spectra in the near-IR, thus no direct redshift could be determined from these measurements.
astro-ph
the magic telescope has observed veryhigh energy gammaray emission from the bl lac object pg 1553113 in 2005 and 2006 at an overall significance is 88 sigma the light curve shows no significant flux variations on a daily timescale the flux level during 2005 was however significantly higher as compared to 2006 the differential energy spectrum between approx 90 gev and 500 gev is well described by a power law with a spectral index of 4203 the photon energy spectrum and spectral modeling allow to pose upper limits of z074 and z056 respectively on the yet undetermined redshift of pg 1553113 recent vlt observations of this blazar show featureless spectra in the nearir thus no direct redshift could be determined from these measurements
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711.1587
Strong rigidity of constant curvature Finsler manifolds
Here, an extension of the Obata-Tanno's theorem to Finsler geometry is established and the following rigidity result is obtained; Every complete connected Finsler manifold of positive constant flag curvature is isometrically homeomorphic to an $n$-sphere equipped with a certain Finsler metric, and vise versa.
math.DG
here an extension of the obatatannos theorem to finsler geometry is established and the following rigidity result is obtained every complete connected finsler manifold of positive constant flag curvature is isometrically homeomorphic to an nsphere equipped with a certain finsler metric and vise versa
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711.1588
Life in the last lane: Star formation and chemical evolution in an extremely gas-rich dwarf
We present an analysis of HI, H-alpha, and oxygen abundance data for NGC 3741. This galaxy has a very extended gas disk (~8.8 times the Holmberg radius), and a dark to luminous (i.e. stellar) mass ratio of ~149, which makes it one of the ``darkest'' dwarf irregular galaxies known. However its ratio of baryons (i.e. gas + stellar) mass to dark mass is typical of that in galaxies. Our new high-resolution HI images of the galaxy show evidence for a large scale (purely gaseous) spiral arm and central bar. Despite the gaseous spiral feature and the on-going star formation, we find that the global gas density in NGC 3741 is significantly lower than the Toomre instability criterion. We also find that the star formation rate is consistent with that expected from the observed correlations between HI mass and SFR and the global Kennicutt-Schmidt law respectively. We measure the oxygen abundance to be 12+ log(O/H)=7.66$\pm$0.10, which is consistent with that expected from the metallicity-luminosity relation, despite its extreme gas mass ratio. We also examine the issue of chemical evolution of NGC 3741 in the context of closed-box model of chemical evolution. The effective oxygen yield of NGC 3741 is consistent with recent model estimates of closed-box yields, provided one assumes that the gas has been efficiently mixed all the way to edge of the HI disk (i.e. >8 times the optical radius). This seems a priori unlikely. On the other hand, using a sample of galaxies with both interferometric HI maps and chemical abundance measurements, we find that the effective yield is anti-correlated with the total dynamical mass, as expected in leaky box models (slightly abridged).
astro-ph
we present an analysis of hi halpha and oxygen abundance data for ngc 3741 this galaxy has a very extended gas disk 88 times the holmberg radius and a dark to luminous ie stellar mass ratio of 149 which makes it one of the darkest dwarf irregular galaxies known however its ratio of baryons ie gas stellar mass to dark mass is typical of that in galaxies our new highresolution hi images of the galaxy show evidence for a large scale purely gaseous spiral arm and central bar despite the gaseous spiral feature and the ongoing star formation we find that the global gas density in ngc 3741 is significantly lower than the toomre instability criterion we also find that the star formation rate is consistent with that expected from the observed correlations between hi mass and sfr and the global kennicuttschmidt law respectively we measure the oxygen abundance to be 12 logoh766pm010 which is consistent with that expected from the metallicityluminosity relation despite its extreme gas mass ratio we also examine the issue of chemical evolution of ngc 3741 in the context of closedbox model of chemical evolution the effective oxygen yield of ngc 3741 is consistent with recent model estimates of closedbox yields provided one assumes that the gas has been efficiently mixed all the way to edge of the hi disk ie 8 times the optical radius this seems a priori unlikely on the other hand using a sample of galaxies with both interferometric hi maps and chemical abundance measurements we find that the effective yield is anticorrelated with the total dynamical mass as expected in leaky box models slightly abridged
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711.1589
Probing the Nature of the Weakest Intergalactic Magnetic Fields with the High Energy Emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts
We investigate the delayed, secondary GeV-TeV emission of gamma-ray bursts and its potential to probe the nature of intergalactic magnetic fields. Geometrical effects are properly taken into account for the time delay between primary high energy photons and secondary inverse Compton photons from electron-positron pairs, which are produced in $\gamma$-$\gamma$ interactions with background radiation fields and deflected by intervening magnetic fields. The time-dependent spectra of the delayed emission are evaluated for a wide range of magnetic field strengths and redshifts. The typical flux and delay time of secondary photons from bursts at $z \sim 1$ are respectively $\sim 10^{-8}$ GeV cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ and $\sim 10^4$ s if the field strengths are $\sim 10^{-18}$ G, as might be the case in intergalactic void regions. We find crucial differences between the cases of coherent and tangled magnetic fields, as well as dependences on the field coherence length.
astro-ph
we investigate the delayed secondary gevtev emission of gammaray bursts and its potential to probe the nature of intergalactic magnetic fields geometrical effects are properly taken into account for the time delay between primary high energy photons and secondary inverse compton photons from electronpositron pairs which are produced in gammagamma interactions with background radiation fields and deflected by intervening magnetic fields the timedependent spectra of the delayed emission are evaluated for a wide range of magnetic field strengths and redshifts the typical flux and delay time of secondary photons from bursts at z sim 1 are respectively sim 108 gev cm2 s1 and sim 104 s if the field strengths are sim 1018 g as might be the case in intergalactic void regions we find crucial differences between the cases of coherent and tangled magnetic fields as well as dependences on the field coherence length
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711.159
Artificial viscosity in simulation of shock waves by smoothed particle hydrodynamics
The artificial viscosity is reconsidered in smoothed particle hydrodynamics to prevent inter-particle penetration, unwanted heating, and unphysical solutions. The coefficients in the Monaghan's standard artificial viscosity are considered as time variable, and a restriction on them is proposed such that avoiding the undesired effects in the subsonic regions. The shock formation in adiabatic and isothermal cases are used to study the ability of this modified artificial viscosity recipe. The computer experiments show that the proposal appears to work and the accuracy of this restriction is acceptable.
astro-ph
the artificial viscosity is reconsidered in smoothed particle hydrodynamics to prevent interparticle penetration unwanted heating and unphysical solutions the coefficients in the monaghans standard artificial viscosity are considered as time variable and a restriction on them is proposed such that avoiding the undesired effects in the subsonic regions the shock formation in adiabatic and isothermal cases are used to study the ability of this modified artificial viscosity recipe the computer experiments show that the proposal appears to work and the accuracy of this restriction is acceptable
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711.1591
Strong luminescence quantum efficiency enhancement near prolate metal nanoparticles: dipolar versus higher-order modes
We present a theoretical study of the radiative and nonradiative decay rates of an optical emitter in close proximity to a prolate-shaped metal nanoparticle. We use the model developed by Gersten and Nitzan, that we correct for radiative reaction and dynamic depolarization and extend for prolate particle shapes. We show that prolate-shaped metal nanoparticles can lead to much higher quantum efficiency enhancements than corresponding spherical nanoparticles. For properly engineered emitter-nanoparticle geometries, quantum efficiency enhancements from an initial value of 1% (in absence of the nanoparticle) to 70% are feasible. We describe the anisotropy-induced enhancement effects in terms of large field enhancements near the metal tips that cause strong coupling to the (radiative) dipolar modes. For increasing particle anisotropy, a strong spectral separation between radiative dipolar and dark higher-order modes occurs, which leads to higher radiative efficiencies for anisotropic particles. In addition, we demonstrate that for large (> 100 nm) nanoparticles, the influence of Ohmic losses on plasmon-enhanced luminescence is substantially reduced, which implies that, if prolate shaped, even lossy metals such as Al and Cu are suitable materials for optical nano-antennas.
cond-mat.other
we present a theoretical study of the radiative and nonradiative decay rates of an optical emitter in close proximity to a prolateshaped metal nanoparticle we use the model developed by gersten and nitzan that we correct for radiative reaction and dynamic depolarization and extend for prolate particle shapes we show that prolateshaped metal nanoparticles can lead to much higher quantum efficiency enhancements than corresponding spherical nanoparticles for properly engineered emitternanoparticle geometries quantum efficiency enhancements from an initial value of 1 in absence of the nanoparticle to 70 are feasible we describe the anisotropyinduced enhancement effects in terms of large field enhancements near the metal tips that cause strong coupling to the radiative dipolar modes for increasing particle anisotropy a strong spectral separation between radiative dipolar and dark higherorder modes occurs which leads to higher radiative efficiencies for anisotropic particles in addition we demonstrate that for large 100 nm nanoparticles the influence of ohmic losses on plasmonenhanced luminescence is substantially reduced which implies that if prolate shaped even lossy metals such as al and cu are suitable materials for optical nanoantennas
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711.1592
Nombres de Bernoulli et une formule de Ramanujan
In the first part we establish a connection between the Euler-Maclaurin summation formula and the Rota-Baxter functional equation. In the second part we give a simple proof of a formula, due to Ramanujan, on the summation of certain exponential series.
math.CA
in the first part we establish a connection between the eulermaclaurin summation formula and the rotabaxter functional equation in the second part we give a simple proof of a formula due to ramanujan on the summation of certain exponential series
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711.1593
Extracting longitudinal shower development information from crystal calorimetry plus tracking
We propose an approach to derive longitudinal shower development information from the longitudinally unsegmented BABAR electromagnetic calorimeter by using tracking information. Our algorithm takes advantage of the good three-dimensional tracking resolution of BABAR, which provides an independent geometric constraint on the shower as measured in the BABAR crystal calorimeter. We show that adding the derived longitudinal shower development information to standard particle identification algorithms significantly improves the low-momentum separation of pions from electrons and muons. We also verify that the energy dependence of the electromagnetic shower development we measure is consistent with the prediction of a standard electromagnetic shower model.
physics.ins-det
we propose an approach to derive longitudinal shower development information from the longitudinally unsegmented babar electromagnetic calorimeter by using tracking information our algorithm takes advantage of the good threedimensional tracking resolution of babar which provides an independent geometric constraint on the shower as measured in the babar crystal calorimeter we show that adding the derived longitudinal shower development information to standard particle identification algorithms significantly improves the lowmomentum separation of pions from electrons and muons we also verify that the energy dependence of the electromagnetic shower development we measure is consistent with the prediction of a standard electromagnetic shower model
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711.1594
Inference for stochastic volatility models using time change transformations
We address the problem of parameter estimation for diffusion driven stochastic volatility models through Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). To avoid degeneracy issues we introduce an innovative reparametrisation defined through transformations that operate on the time scale of the diffusion. A novel MCMC scheme which overcomes the inherent difficulties of time change transformations is also presented. The algorithm is fast to implement and applies to models with stochastic volatility. The methodology is tested through simulation based experiments and illustrated on data consisting of US treasury bill rates.
stat.ME math.ST q-fin.CP stat.CO stat.TH
we address the problem of parameter estimation for diffusion driven stochastic volatility models through markov chain monte carlo mcmc to avoid degeneracy issues we introduce an innovative reparametrisation defined through transformations that operate on the time scale of the diffusion a novel mcmc scheme which overcomes the inherent difficulties of time change transformations is also presented the algorithm is fast to implement and applies to models with stochastic volatility the methodology is tested through simulation based experiments and illustrated on data consisting of us treasury bill rates
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711.1595
Likelihood-based inference for correlated diffusions
We address the problem of likelihood based inference for correlated diffusion processes using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. Such a task presents two interesting problems. First, the construction of the MCMC scheme should ensure that the correlation coefficients are updated subject to the positive definite constraints of the diffusion matrix. Second, a diffusion may only be observed at a finite set of points and the marginal likelihood for the parameters based on these observations is generally not available. We overcome the first issue by using the Cholesky factorisation on the diffusion matrix. To deal with the likelihood unavailability, we generalise the data augmentation framework of Roberts and Stramer (2001 Biometrika 88(3):603-621) to d-dimensional correlated diffusions including multivariate stochastic volatility models. Our methodology is illustrated through simulation based experiments and with daily EUR /USD, GBP/USD rates together with their implied volatilities.
q-fin.ST math.ST stat.CO stat.ME stat.TH
we address the problem of likelihood based inference for correlated diffusion processes using markov chain monte carlo mcmc techniques such a task presents two interesting problems first the construction of the mcmc scheme should ensure that the correlation coefficients are updated subject to the positive definite constraints of the diffusion matrix second a diffusion may only be observed at a finite set of points and the marginal likelihood for the parameters based on these observations is generally not available we overcome the first issue by using the cholesky factorisation on the diffusion matrix to deal with the likelihood unavailability we generalise the data augmentation framework of roberts and stramer 2001 biometrika 883603621 to ddimensional correlated diffusions including multivariate stochastic volatility models our methodology is illustrated through simulation based experiments and with daily eur usd gbpusd rates together with their implied volatilities
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711.1596
Cohomologies of superalgebra of pointwise superproduct
We consider associative superalgebra realized on the smooth Grassmann-valued functions with compact supports in R^n. The lower Hochschild cohomologies of this superalgebra are found.
hep-th
we consider associative superalgebra realized on the smooth grassmannvalued functions with compact supports in rn the lower hochschild cohomologies of this superalgebra are found
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711.1597
Cosmological constant and late transient acceleration of the universe in the Horava-Witten Heterotic M-Theory on S^{1}/Z_{2}
Orbifold branes are studied in the framework of the 11-dimensional Horava-Witten heterotic M-Theory. It is found that the effective cosmological constant can be easily lowered to its current observational value by the mechanism of large extra dimensions. The domination of this constant over the evolution of the universe is only temporarily. Due to the interaction of the bulk and the branes, the universe will be in its decelerating expansion phase again in the future, whereby all problems connected with a far future de Sitter universe are resolved.
hep-ph astro-ph gr-qc hep-th
orbifold branes are studied in the framework of the 11dimensional horavawitten heterotic mtheory it is found that the effective cosmological constant can be easily lowered to its current observational value by the mechanism of large extra dimensions the domination of this constant over the evolution of the universe is only temporarily due to the interaction of the bulk and the branes the universe will be in its decelerating expansion phase again in the future whereby all problems connected with a far future de sitter universe are resolved
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711.1598
Hadron Physics with Anti-Protons: The PANDA Experiment at FAIR
The theory of Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD) reproduces the strong interaction at distances much shorter than the size of the nucleon. At larger distance scales, the generation of hadron masses and confinement cannot yet be derived from first principles on basis of QCD. The ${\bar{\rm P}}$ANDA experiment at FAIR will address the origin of these phenomena in controlled environments. Beams of antiprotons together with a multi-purpose and compact detection system will provide unique tools to perform studies of the strong interaction. This will be achieved via precision spectroscopy of charmonium and open-charm states, an extensive search for exotic objects such as glueballs and hybrids, in-medium and hypernuclei spectroscopy, and more. An overview is given of the physics program of the ${\bar{\rm P}}$ANDA collaboration.
nucl-ex
the theory of quantum chromo dynamics qcd reproduces the strong interaction at distances much shorter than the size of the nucleon at larger distance scales the generation of hadron masses and confinement cannot yet be derived from first principles on basis of qcd the barrm panda experiment at fair will address the origin of these phenomena in controlled environments beams of antiprotons together with a multipurpose and compact detection system will provide unique tools to perform studies of the strong interaction this will be achieved via precision spectroscopy of charmonium and opencharm states an extensive search for exotic objects such as glueballs and hybrids inmedium and hypernuclei spectroscopy and more an overview is given of the physics program of the barrm panda collaboration
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711.1599
Magnetic ordering in the striped nickelate La5/3Sr1/3NiO4: A band structure point of view
We report on a comprehensive study of the electronic and magnetic structure of the striped nickelate La5/3Sr1/3NiO4. The investigation is carried out using band structure calculations based on density functional theory. A magnetic structure compatible with experiment is obtained from spin-polarized calculations within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), whereas inclusion of a local Coulomb interaction in the LDA+U framework results in a different ground state. The influence of the various interaction parameters is discussed in detail.
cond-mat.str-el
we report on a comprehensive study of the electronic and magnetic structure of the striped nickelate la53sr13nio4 the investigation is carried out using band structure calculations based on density functional theory a magnetic structure compatible with experiment is obtained from spinpolarized calculations within the generalized gradient approximation gga whereas inclusion of a local coulomb interaction in the ldau framework results in a different ground state the influence of the various interaction parameters is discussed in detail
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711.16
Charmonium from Lattice QCD
Charmonium is an attractive system for the application of lattice QCD methods. While the sub-threshold spectrum has been considered in some detail in previous works, it is only very recently that excited and higher-spin states and further properties such as radiative transitions and two-photon decays have come to be calculated. I report on this recent progress with reference to work done at Jefferson Lab.
hep-ph
charmonium is an attractive system for the application of lattice qcd methods while the subthreshold spectrum has been considered in some detail in previous works it is only very recently that excited and higherspin states and further properties such as radiative transitions and twophoton decays have come to be calculated i report on this recent progress with reference to work done at jefferson lab
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711.1601
Comments on Chemical Potentials in AdS/CFT
We propose a method for identifying holographic chemical potentials of conserved charges. The guiding principle is the consistency of the identification with the thermodynamic relations and the Legendre transformation. We consider the baryon-charge chemical potential as an example, and explain why the degree of freedom of the constant shift of the bulk U(1) gauge field is absent when the Legendre transformation is well-defined. The method proposed here suggests that the definition of the chemical potential may be more complicated compared with the case of localized charge if we have a nontrivial charge distribution along the radial direction of the bulk geometry.
hep-th hep-ph
we propose a method for identifying holographic chemical potentials of conserved charges the guiding principle is the consistency of the identification with the thermodynamic relations and the legendre transformation we consider the baryoncharge chemical potential as an example and explain why the degree of freedom of the constant shift of the bulk u1 gauge field is absent when the legendre transformation is welldefined the method proposed here suggests that the definition of the chemical potential may be more complicated compared with the case of localized charge if we have a nontrivial charge distribution along the radial direction of the bulk geometry
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711.1602
Preservation of network Degree Distributions from non-uniform failures
There has been a considerable amount of interest in recent years on the robustness of networks to failures. Many previous studies have concentrated on the effects of node and edge removals on the connectivity structure of a static network; the networks are considered to be static in the sense that no compensatory measures are allowed for recovery of the original structure. Real world networks such as the world wide web, however, are not static and experience a considerable amount of turnover, where nodes and edges are both added and deleted. Considering degree-based node removals, we examine the possibility of preserving networks from these types of disruptions. We recover the original degree distribution by allowing the network to react to the attack by introducing new nodes and attaching their edges via specially tailored schemes. We focus particularly on the case of non-uniform failures, a subject that has received little attention in the context of evolving networks. Using a combination of analytical techniques and numerical simulations, we demonstrate how to preserve the exact degree distribution of the studied networks from various forms of attack.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn
there has been a considerable amount of interest in recent years on the robustness of networks to failures many previous studies have concentrated on the effects of node and edge removals on the connectivity structure of a static network the networks are considered to be static in the sense that no compensatory measures are allowed for recovery of the original structure real world networks such as the world wide web however are not static and experience a considerable amount of turnover where nodes and edges are both added and deleted considering degreebased node removals we examine the possibility of preserving networks from these types of disruptions we recover the original degree distribution by allowing the network to react to the attack by introducing new nodes and attaching their edges via specially tailored schemes we focus particularly on the case of nonuniform failures a subject that has received little attention in the context of evolving networks using a combination of analytical techniques and numerical simulations we demonstrate how to preserve the exact degree distribution of the studied networks from various forms of attack
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711.1603
Optimized network clustering by jumping sub-optimal dendrograms
We propose a method to improve community division techniques in networks that are based on agglomeration by introducing dendrogram jumping. The method is based on iterations of sub-optimal dendrograms instead of optimization of each agglomeration step. We find the algorithm to exhibit excellent scaling behavior of its computational complexity. In its present form the algorithm scales as $\mathcal{O} (N^{2})$, but by using more efficient data structures it is possible to achieve a scaling of $\mathcal{O} (N \log^{2} N)$. We compare our results with other methods such as the greedy algorithm and the extremal optimization method. We find modularity values larger than the greedy algorithm and values comparable to the extremal optimization method.
physics.soc-ph
we propose a method to improve community division techniques in networks that are based on agglomeration by introducing dendrogram jumping the method is based on iterations of suboptimal dendrograms instead of optimization of each agglomeration step we find the algorithm to exhibit excellent scaling behavior of its computational complexity in its present form the algorithm scales as mathcalo n2 but by using more efficient data structures it is possible to achieve a scaling of mathcalo n log2 n we compare our results with other methods such as the greedy algorithm and the extremal optimization method we find modularity values larger than the greedy algorithm and values comparable to the extremal optimization method
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711.1604
Discrete Kakeya-type problems and small bases
A subset U of a group G is called k-universal if U contains a translate of every k-element subset of G. We give several nearly optimal constructions of small k-universal sets, and use them to resolve an old question of Erdos and Newman on bases for sets of integers, and to obtain several extensions for other groups.
math.CO math.GR math.NT
a subset u of a group g is called kuniversal if u contains a translate of every kelement subset of g we give several nearly optimal constructions of small kuniversal sets and use them to resolve an old question of erdos and newman on bases for sets of integers and to obtain several extensions for other groups
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711.1605
Asymptotic Capacity of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks with Realistic Links under a Honey Comb Topology
We consider the effects of Rayleigh fading and lognormal shadowing in the physical interference model for all the successful transmissions of traffic across the network. New bounds are derived for the capacity of a given random ad hoc wireless network that reflect packet drop or capture probability of the transmission links. These bounds are based on a simplified network topology termed as honey-comb topology under a given routing and scheduling scheme.
cs.IT math.IT
we consider the effects of rayleigh fading and lognormal shadowing in the physical interference model for all the successful transmissions of traffic across the network new bounds are derived for the capacity of a given random ad hoc wireless network that reflect packet drop or capture probability of the transmission links these bounds are based on a simplified network topology termed as honeycomb topology under a given routing and scheduling scheme
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711.1606
Ab initio calculations of the electronic structure of cuprates using large scale cluster techniques
The local electronic structures of La2CuO4, three members of the Yttrium-family (YBa2Cu3O6, YBa2Cu3O7, and YBa2Cu4O8), and to some extent of Nd2CuO4 have been determined using all-electron ab-initio cluster calculations for clusters comprising up to thirteen planar copper atoms associated with their nearest planar and apical oxygen atoms. Spin-polarized calculations in the framework of density functional theory have enabled an estimation of the superexchange couplings J. Electric field gradients at the planar copper sites are determined and their dependence on the occupation of the various atomic orbitals are investigated in detail. The changes of the electronic field gradient and of the occupation of orbitals upon doping are studied and discussed. Furthermore, magnetic hyperfine fields are evaluated and disentangled into on-site and transferred contributions, and the chemical shifts at the copper nucleus are calculated. In general the results are in good agreement with values deduced from experiments except for the value of the chemical shift with applied field perpendicular to the CuO2-plane.
cond-mat.supr-con
the local electronic structures of la2cuo4 three members of the yttriumfamily yba2cu3o6 yba2cu3o7 and yba2cu4o8 and to some extent of nd2cuo4 have been determined using allelectron abinitio cluster calculations for clusters comprising up to thirteen planar copper atoms associated with their nearest planar and apical oxygen atoms spinpolarized calculations in the framework of density functional theory have enabled an estimation of the superexchange couplings j electric field gradients at the planar copper sites are determined and their dependence on the occupation of the various atomic orbitals are investigated in detail the changes of the electronic field gradient and of the occupation of orbitals upon doping are studied and discussed furthermore magnetic hyperfine fields are evaluated and disentangled into onsite and transferred contributions and the chemical shifts at the copper nucleus are calculated in general the results are in good agreement with values deduced from experiments except for the value of the chemical shift with applied field perpendicular to the cuo2plane
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711.1607
Ferroelectric ordering in chiral smectic C^* liquid crystals determined by nonchiral intermolecular interactions
General microscopic mechanism of ferroelectric ordering in chiral smectic C* liquid crystals is considered. It is shown that if the mesogenic molecules have a sufficiently low symmetry, the spontaneous polarization is proportional to one of the biaxial vector order parameters of the smectic C phase. This order parameter may be determined by intermolecular interactions which are not sensitive to molecular chirality. At the same time, the polarization is also proportional to a pseudoscalar parameter which vanishes if the molecules are nonchiral. The general statistical theory of ferroelectric ordering is illustrated by two particular models. The first model is based on electrostatic quadrupole-quadrupole interactions, and it enables one to obtain explicit analytical expressions for the spontaneous polarization. In the second model, the molecular chirality and polarity are determined by a pair of off-center nonparallel dipoles. For this case, the spontaneous polarization is calculated numerically as a function of temperature. The theory provides a more general interpretation of the previous approaches including the classical Boulder model.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.mtrl-sci
general microscopic mechanism of ferroelectric ordering in chiral smectic c liquid crystals is considered it is shown that if the mesogenic molecules have a sufficiently low symmetry the spontaneous polarization is proportional to one of the biaxial vector order parameters of the smectic c phase this order parameter may be determined by intermolecular interactions which are not sensitive to molecular chirality at the same time the polarization is also proportional to a pseudoscalar parameter which vanishes if the molecules are nonchiral the general statistical theory of ferroelectric ordering is illustrated by two particular models the first model is based on electrostatic quadrupolequadrupole interactions and it enables one to obtain explicit analytical expressions for the spontaneous polarization in the second model the molecular chirality and polarity are determined by a pair of offcenter nonparallel dipoles for this case the spontaneous polarization is calculated numerically as a function of temperature the theory provides a more general interpretation of the previous approaches including the classical boulder model
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