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711.1408
Particle-number conservation in static-path approximation for thermal superfluid systems
By applying particle-number projection to the static-path approximation (SPA), the heat capacity and the breakdown of pairing correlations are investigated in the thermally excited, superfluid systems 172Yb, 94Mo, and 56Fe. For the heavy nucleus 172Yb, the heat capacities in both the SPA and the number-projected SPA (NPSPA) exhibit an S shape; the difference between the SPA and NPSPA heat-capacity curves is not very large and the particle-number projection thereby enhances the S shape already seen in the SPA. The temperature at which the S-shape of heat capacity curve occurs parallels the temperature of the breakdown of pairing correlations as indicated by the effective pairing gap. However, for the comparatively lighter nuclei 94Mo and 56Fe, the SPA does not produce an S-shaped heat capacity on its own; only after particle-number projection the S shape appears in the heat-capacity curve. For 94Mo, we compare the NPSPA result with thermal odd-even mass differences, which are regarded as a direct measure of the pairing gap.
nucl-th
by applying particlenumber projection to the staticpath approximation spa the heat capacity and the breakdown of pairing correlations are investigated in the thermally excited superfluid systems 172yb 94mo and 56fe for the heavy nucleus 172yb the heat capacities in both the spa and the numberprojected spa npspa exhibit an s shape the difference between the spa and npspa heatcapacity curves is not very large and the particlenumber projection thereby enhances the s shape already seen in the spa the temperature at which the sshape of heat capacity curve occurs parallels the temperature of the breakdown of pairing correlations as indicated by the effective pairing gap however for the comparatively lighter nuclei 94mo and 56fe the spa does not produce an sshaped heat capacity on its own only after particlenumber projection the s shape appears in the heatcapacity curve for 94mo we compare the npspa result with thermal oddeven mass differences which are regarded as a direct measure of the pairing gap
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711.1409
Enhancing synchronization in complex networks of coupled phase oscillators
By a model of coupled phase oscillators, we show analytically how synchronization in {\em non-identical} complex networks can be enhanced by introducing a proper gradient into the couplings. It is found that, by pointing the gradient from the large-degree to the small-degree nodes on each link, increasing the gradient strength will bring forward the {\em onset} of network synchronization monotonically, and, under the same gradient strength, heterogeneous networks are more synchronizable than homogeneous networks. These findings are verified by extensive simulations.
nlin.CD nlin.PS
by a model of coupled phase oscillators we show analytically how synchronization in em nonidentical complex networks can be enhanced by introducing a proper gradient into the couplings it is found that by pointing the gradient from the largedegree to the smalldegree nodes on each link increasing the gradient strength will bring forward the em onset of network synchronization monotonically and under the same gradient strength heterogeneous networks are more synchronizable than homogeneous networks these findings are verified by extensive simulations
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711.141
Merger of black hole and neutron star in general relativity: Tidal disruption, torus mass, and gravitational waves
We systematically perform the merger simulation of black hole-neutron star (BH-NS) binaries in full general relativity, focusing on the case that the NS is tidally disrupted. We prepare BH-NS binaries in a quasicircular orbit as the initial condition in which the BH is modeled by a nonspinning moving puncture. For modeling the NS, we adopt the $\Gamma$-law equation of state with $\Gamma=2$ and the irrotational velocity field. We change the BH mass in the range $M_{\rm BH} \approx 3.3$--$4.6M_{\odot}$, while the rest mass of the NS is fixed to be $M_{*}=1.4 M_{\odot}$ (i.e., the NS mass $M_{\rm NS} \approx 1.3M_{\odot}$). The radius of the corresponding spherical NS is set in the range $R_{\rm NS} \approx 12$--15 km (i.e., the compactness $GM_{\rm NS}/R_{\rm NS}c^2 \approx 0.13$--0.16). We find for all the chosen initial conditions that the NS is tidally disrupted near the innermost stable circular orbit. For the model of $R_{\rm NS}=12$ km, more than 97 % of the rest mass is quickly swallowed into the BH and the resultant torus mass surrounding the BH is less than $0.04M_{\odot}$. For the model of $R_{\rm NS} \approx 14.7$ km, by contrast, the torus mass is about $0.16M_{\odot}$ for the BH mass $\approx 4M_{\odot}$. The thermal energy of the material in the torus increases by the shock heating occurred in the collision between the spiral arms, resulting in the temperature $10^{10}$--$10^{11}$ K. (.. omission ..) We also present gravitational waveforms during the inspiral, tidal disruption of the NS, and subsequent evolution of the disrupted material. (.. omission ..)
gr-qc astro-ph
we systematically perform the merger simulation of black holeneutron star bhns binaries in full general relativity focusing on the case that the ns is tidally disrupted we prepare bhns binaries in a quasicircular orbit as the initial condition in which the bh is modeled by a nonspinning moving puncture for modeling the ns we adopt the gammalaw equation of state with gamma2 and the irrotational velocity field we change the bh mass in the range m_rm bh approx 3346m_odot while the rest mass of the ns is fixed to be m_14 m_odot ie the ns mass m_rm ns approx 13m_odot the radius of the corresponding spherical ns is set in the range r_rm ns approx 1215 km ie the compactness gm_rm nsr_rm nsc2 approx 013016 we find for all the chosen initial conditions that the ns is tidally disrupted near the innermost stable circular orbit for the model of r_rm ns12 km more than 97 of the rest mass is quickly swallowed into the bh and the resultant torus mass surrounding the bh is less than 004m_odot for the model of r_rm ns approx 147 km by contrast the torus mass is about 016m_odot for the bh mass approx 4m_odot the thermal energy of the material in the torus increases by the shock heating occurred in the collision between the spiral arms resulting in the temperature 10101011 k omission we also present gravitational waveforms during the inspiral tidal disruption of the ns and subsequent evolution of the disrupted material omission
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711.1411
Testing a new luminosity/redshift indicator for $\gamma$-ray bursts
We have tested a relative spectral lag (RSL) method suggested earlier as a luminosity/redshift (or distance) estimator, using the generalized method by Schaefer & Collazzi. We find the derivations from the luminosity/redshift-RSL (L/R-RSL) relation are comparable with the corresponding observations. Applying the luminosity-RSL relation to two different GRB samples, we find that there exist no violators from the generalized test, namely the Nakar & Piran test and Li test. We also find that about 36 per cent of Schaefer's sample are outliers for the L/R-RSL relation within 1$\sigma$ confidence level, but no violators at 3$\sigma$ level within the current precision of L/R-RSL relation. An analysis of several potential outliers for other luminosity relations shows they can match the L/R-RSL relation well within an acceptable uncertainty. All the coincident results seem to suggest that this relation could be a potential tool for cosmological study.
astro-ph
we have tested a relative spectral lag rsl method suggested earlier as a luminosityredshift or distance estimator using the generalized method by schaefer collazzi we find the derivations from the luminosityredshiftrsl lrrsl relation are comparable with the corresponding observations applying the luminosityrsl relation to two different grb samples we find that there exist no violators from the generalized test namely the nakar piran test and li test we also find that about 36 per cent of schaefers sample are outliers for the lrrsl relation within 1sigma confidence level but no violators at 3sigma level within the current precision of lrrsl relation an analysis of several potential outliers for other luminosity relations shows they can match the lrrsl relation well within an acceptable uncertainty all the coincident results seem to suggest that this relation could be a potential tool for cosmological study
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711.1412
Poisson brackets in Hydrodynamics
This paper investigates different Poisson structures that have been proposed to give a Hamiltonian formulation to evolution equations issued from fluid mechanics. Our aim is to explore the main brackets which have been proposed and to discuss the difficulties which arise when one tries to give a rigorous meaning to these brackets. Our main interest is in the definition of a valid and usable bracket to study rotational fluid flows with a free boundary. We discuss some results which have emerged in the literature to solve some of the difficulties that arise. It appears to the author that the main problems are still open.
math-ph math.MP
this paper investigates different poisson structures that have been proposed to give a hamiltonian formulation to evolution equations issued from fluid mechanics our aim is to explore the main brackets which have been proposed and to discuss the difficulties which arise when one tries to give a rigorous meaning to these brackets our main interest is in the definition of a valid and usable bracket to study rotational fluid flows with a free boundary we discuss some results which have emerged in the literature to solve some of the difficulties that arise it appears to the author that the main problems are still open
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711.1413
The Impact of Rotation on the Evolution of Low-Mass Stars
High precision photometry and spectroscopy of low-mass stars reveal a variety of properties standard stellar evolution cannot predict. Rotation, an essential ingredient of stellar evolution, is a step towards resolving the discrepancy between model predictions and observations. The first rotating stellar model, continuously tracing a low-mass star from the pre-main sequence onto the horizontal branch, is presented. The predicted luminosity functions of globular clusters and surface rotation velocities on the horizontal branch are discussed.
astro-ph
high precision photometry and spectroscopy of lowmass stars reveal a variety of properties standard stellar evolution cannot predict rotation an essential ingredient of stellar evolution is a step towards resolving the discrepancy between model predictions and observations the first rotating stellar model continuously tracing a lowmass star from the premain sequence onto the horizontal branch is presented the predicted luminosity functions of globular clusters and surface rotation velocities on the horizontal branch are discussed
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711.1414
On the radion mediation of the Supersymmetry breaking in N=2, D=5 Supergravity Orbifolds
We discuss the on-shell N=1 Supersymmetric coupling of brane chiral multiplets in the context of N=2, D=5 Supergravity compactified on $S_1/Z_2$ orbifolds. Assuming a constant superpotential on the hidden brane we study the transmission of the supersymmetry breaking to the visible brane. We find that to lowest order in the five dimensional Newton's constant $k_5^2$ and gravitino mass $m_{3/2}^2$ the spinor field of the radion multiplet is responsible of inducing positive one-loop squared masses $m_{\phi}^2 \sim {m_{3/2}^2} / (M_{Planck}^2 R^2)$ to the scalar fields which are localized on the visible brane with $R$ the length scale of the fifth dimension. Considering a cubic superpotential on the visible brane we also find that non-vanishing soft trilinear scalar couplings $A$ are induced given by $A=3m_{\phi}^2/m_{3/2}$.
hep-th
we discuss the onshell n1 supersymmetric coupling of brane chiral multiplets in the context of n2 d5 supergravity compactified on s_1z_2 orbifolds assuming a constant superpotential on the hidden brane we study the transmission of the supersymmetry breaking to the visible brane we find that to lowest order in the five dimensional newtons constant k_52 and gravitino mass m_322 the spinor field of the radion multiplet is responsible of inducing positive oneloop squared masses m_phi2 sim m_322 m_planck2 r2 to the scalar fields which are localized on the visible brane with r the length scale of the fifth dimension considering a cubic superpotential on the visible brane we also find that nonvanishing soft trilinear scalar couplings a are induced given by a3m_phi2m_32
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711.1415
Shock waves from heavy-quark mesons in AdS/CFT
We calculate the far-field stress-energy tensor of a quark gluon plasma due to a heavy-quark meson moving through it, using a semi-classical description in string theory of the meson as a string hanging into anti-de Sitter space. We find that these mesons create a shock wave but no diffusion wake, in contrast to single heavy quarks described via a trailing string, where the diffusion wake is strong. If thermal QCD responds similarly to heavy quarks and heavy quarkonia, the presence or suppression of the diffusion wake constitutes a prediction which can in principle be checked in heavy-ion collisions.
hep-th hep-ph nucl-th
we calculate the farfield stressenergy tensor of a quark gluon plasma due to a heavyquark meson moving through it using a semiclassical description in string theory of the meson as a string hanging into antide sitter space we find that these mesons create a shock wave but no diffusion wake in contrast to single heavy quarks described via a trailing string where the diffusion wake is strong if thermal qcd responds similarly to heavy quarks and heavy quarkonia the presence or suppression of the diffusion wake constitutes a prediction which can in principle be checked in heavyion collisions
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711.1416
Charmless 3-body B Decays: Resonant and Nonresonant Contributions
Charmless 3-body decays of $B$ mesons are studied using a simple model based on the framework of the factorization approach. We have identified a large source of the nonresonant signal in the matrix elements of scalar densities, e.g. $<K\bar K|\bar ss|0>$. This explains the dominance of the nonresonant background in $B\to KKK$ decays, the sizable nonresonant fraction of order $(35\sim 40)%$ in $K^-\pi^+\pi^-$ and $\bar K^0\pi^+\pi^-$ modes and the smallness of nonresonant rates in $B\to \pi\pi\pi$ decays. We have computed the resonant and nonresonant contributions to charmless 3-body decays and determined the rates for the quasi-two-body decays $B\to VP$ and $B\to SP$. Time-dependent CP asymmetries $\sin2\beta_{\rm eff}$ and $A_{CP}$ in $K^+K^-K_S,K_SK_SK_S,K_S\pi^+\pi^-$ and $K_S\pi^0\pi^0$ modes are estimated.
hep-ph hep-ex
charmless 3body decays of b mesons are studied using a simple model based on the framework of the factorization approach we have identified a large source of the nonresonant signal in the matrix elements of scalar densities eg kbar kbar ss0 this explains the dominance of the nonresonant background in bto kkk decays the sizable nonresonant fraction of order 35sim 40 in kpipi and bar k0pipi modes and the smallness of nonresonant rates in bto pipipi decays we have computed the resonant and nonresonant contributions to charmless 3body decays and determined the rates for the quasitwobody decays bto vp and bto sp timedependent cp asymmetries sin2beta_rm eff and a_cp in kkk_sk_sk_sk_sk_spipi and k_spi0pi0 modes are estimated
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711.1417
Boxicity of Halin Graphs
A k-dimensional box is the Cartesian product R_1 x R_2 x ... x R_k where each R_i is a closed interval on the real line. The boxicity of a graph G, denoted as box(G) is the minimum integer k such that G is the intersection graph of a collection of k-dimensional boxes. Halin graphs are the graphs formed by taking a tree with no degree 2 vertex and then connecting its leaves to form a cycle in such a way that the graph has a planar embedding. We prove that if G is a Halin graph that is not isomorphic to K_4, then box(G)=2. In fact, we prove the stronger result that if G is a planar graph formed by connecting the leaves of any tree in a simple cycle, then box(G)=2 unless G is isomorphic to K_4 (in which case its boxicity is 1).
math.CO
a kdimensional box is the cartesian product r_1 x r_2 x x r_k where each r_i is a closed interval on the real line the boxicity of a graph g denoted as boxg is the minimum integer k such that g is the intersection graph of a collection of kdimensional boxes halin graphs are the graphs formed by taking a tree with no degree 2 vertex and then connecting its leaves to form a cycle in such a way that the graph has a planar embedding we prove that if g is a halin graph that is not isomorphic to k_4 then boxg2 in fact we prove the stronger result that if g is a planar graph formed by connecting the leaves of any tree in a simple cycle then boxg2 unless g is isomorphic to k_4 in which case its boxicity is 1
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711.1418
The stable magnetic field of the fullly-convective star V374 Peg
We report in this paper phase-resolved spectropolarimetric observations of the rapidly-rotating fully-convective M4 dwarf V374 Peg, on which a strong, mainly axisymmetric, large-scale poloidal magnetic field was recently detected. In addition to the original data set secured in 2005 August, we present here new data collected in 2005 September and 2006 August. From the rotational modulation of unpolarised line profiles, we conclude that starspots are present at the surface of the star, but their contrast and fractional coverage are much lower than those of non-fully convective active stars with similar rotation rate. Applying tomographic imaging on each set of circularly polarised profiles separately, we find that the large-scale magnetic topology is remarkably stable on a timescale of 1 yr; repeating the analysis on the complete data set suggests that the magnetic configuration is sheared by very weak differential rotation (about 1/10th of the solar surface shear) and only slightly distorted by intrinsic variability. This result is at odds with various theoretical predictions, suggesting that dynamo fields of fully-convective stars should be mostly non-axisymmetric unless they succeed at triggering significant differential rotation.
astro-ph
we report in this paper phaseresolved spectropolarimetric observations of the rapidlyrotating fullyconvective m4 dwarf v374 peg on which a strong mainly axisymmetric largescale poloidal magnetic field was recently detected in addition to the original data set secured in 2005 august we present here new data collected in 2005 september and 2006 august from the rotational modulation of unpolarised line profiles we conclude that starspots are present at the surface of the star but their contrast and fractional coverage are much lower than those of nonfully convective active stars with similar rotation rate applying tomographic imaging on each set of circularly polarised profiles separately we find that the largescale magnetic topology is remarkably stable on a timescale of 1 yr repeating the analysis on the complete data set suggests that the magnetic configuration is sheared by very weak differential rotation about 110th of the solar surface shear and only slightly distorted by intrinsic variability this result is at odds with various theoretical predictions suggesting that dynamo fields of fullyconvective stars should be mostly nonaxisymmetric unless they succeed at triggering significant differential rotation
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711.1419
Index of refraction of gases for matter waves: effect of the motion of the gas particles on the calculation of the index
Two different formulae relating the index of refraction $n$ of gases for atom waves to the scattering amplitude have been published. We show here that these two formulae are not consistent with the definition of the total scattering cross-section while the formula developed by one of us (C.C.) in her thesis is in agreement with this standard knowledge. We discuss this result, in particular in the neutron case for which such an index was first introduced. We finally evaluate the index of refraction as a function of well known quantities and we discuss the order of magnitude of the ratio of $(n-1)/n_t$, where $n_t$ is the gas density.
quant-ph
two different formulae relating the index of refraction n of gases for atom waves to the scattering amplitude have been published we show here that these two formulae are not consistent with the definition of the total scattering crosssection while the formula developed by one of us cc in her thesis is in agreement with this standard knowledge we discuss this result in particular in the neutron case for which such an index was first introduced we finally evaluate the index of refraction as a function of well known quantities and we discuss the order of magnitude of the ratio of n1n_t where n_t is the gas density
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711.142
Finite-dimensional Hopf C*-bimodules and C*-pseudo-multiplicative unitaries
Finite quantum groupoids can be described in many equivalent ways: In terms of the weak Hopf C*-algebras of B\"ohm, Nill, and Szlach\'anyi or the finite-dimensional Hopf-von Neumann bimodules of Vallin, and in terms of finite-dimensional multiplicative partial isometries or the finite-dimensional pseudo-multiplicative unitaries of Vallin. In this short note, we show that in finite dimensions, the notions of a Hopf-von Neumann bimodule and of a pseudo-multiplicative unitary coincide with the notions of a concrete Hopf-C*-bimodule and of a C*-pseudo-multiplicative unitary, respectively.
math.OA
finite quantum groupoids can be described in many equivalent ways in terms of the weak hopf calgebras of bohm nill and szlachanyi or the finitedimensional hopfvon neumann bimodules of vallin and in terms of finitedimensional multiplicative partial isometries or the finitedimensional pseudomultiplicative unitaries of vallin in this short note we show that in finite dimensions the notions of a hopfvon neumann bimodule and of a pseudomultiplicative unitary coincide with the notions of a concrete hopfcbimodule and of a cpseudomultiplicative unitary respectively
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711.1421
Long-time tails in sheared fluids
The long-time behaviors of the velocity autocorrelation function $C(t)$ for sheared fluids ^M are investigated theoretically and numerically. It is found the existence of the cross-overs of^M $C(t)$ from $t^{-d/2}$ to $t^{-d}$ ^M in sheared fluids of elastic particles without any thermostat, and from $t^{-d/2}$ to $t^{-(d+2)/2}$ ^M in both sheared fluids of elastic particles with a thermostat and sheared granular fluids,^M where $d$ is the spatial dimension. ^M The validity of the predictions has been confirmed by^M our numerical simulations.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.soft
the longtime behaviors of the velocity autocorrelation function ct for sheared fluids m are investigated theoretically and numerically it is found the existence of the crossovers ofm ct from td2 to td m in sheared fluids of elastic particles without any thermostat and from td2 to td22 m in both sheared fluids of elastic particles with a thermostat and sheared granular fluidsm where d is the spatial dimension m the validity of the predictions has been confirmed bym our numerical simulations
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711.1422
Number of distinct sites visited by a subdiffusive random walker
The asymptotic mean number of distinct sites visited by a subdiffusive continuous time random walker in two dimensions seems not to have been explicitly calculated anywhere in the literature. This number has been calculated for other dimensions for only one specific asymptotic behavior of the waiting time distribution between steps. We present an explicit derivation for two cases in all integer dimensions so as to formally complete a tableaux of results. In this tableaux we include the dominant as well as subdominant contributions in all integer dimensions. Other quantities that can be calculated from the mean number of distinct sites visited are also discussed.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn
the asymptotic mean number of distinct sites visited by a subdiffusive continuous time random walker in two dimensions seems not to have been explicitly calculated anywhere in the literature this number has been calculated for other dimensions for only one specific asymptotic behavior of the waiting time distribution between steps we present an explicit derivation for two cases in all integer dimensions so as to formally complete a tableaux of results in this tableaux we include the dominant as well as subdominant contributions in all integer dimensions other quantities that can be calculated from the mean number of distinct sites visited are also discussed
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711.1423
Superfluidity of an interacting trapped quasi-2D Bose gas
We investigate the harmonically trapped interacting Bose gas in a quasi-2D geometry using the classical field method. The system exhibits quasi-long-range order and non-classical rotational inertia at temperatures below the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless cross-over to the superfluid state. In particular, we compute the scissors-mode oscillation frequencies and find that the irrotational mode changes its frequency as the temperature is sweeped across the cross-over thus providing microscopic evidence for the emergence of superfluidity.
cond-mat.other
we investigate the harmonically trapped interacting bose gas in a quasi2d geometry using the classical field method the system exhibits quasilongrange order and nonclassical rotational inertia at temperatures below the berezinskiikosterlitzthouless crossover to the superfluid state in particular we compute the scissorsmode oscillation frequencies and find that the irrotational mode changes its frequency as the temperature is sweeped across the crossover thus providing microscopic evidence for the emergence of superfluidity
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711.1424
Composite Wavelet Transforms: Applications and Perspectives
We introduce a new concept of the so-called {\it composite wavelet transforms}. These transforms are generated by two components, namely, a kernel function and a wavelet function (or a measure). The composite wavelet transforms and the relevant Calder\'{o}n-type reproducing formulas constitute a unified approach to explicit inversion of the Riesz, Bessel, Flett, parabolic and some other operators of the potential type generated by ordinary (Euclidean) and generalized (Bessel) translations. This approach is exhibited in the paper. Another concern is application of the composite wavelet transforms to explicit inversion of the k-plane Radon transform on $\bbr^n$. We also discuss in detail a series of open problems arising in wavelet analysis of $L_p$-functions of matrix argument.
math.FA
we introduce a new concept of the socalled it composite wavelet transforms these transforms are generated by two components namely a kernel function and a wavelet function or a measure the composite wavelet transforms and the relevant calderontype reproducing formulas constitute a unified approach to explicit inversion of the riesz bessel flett parabolic and some other operators of the potential type generated by ordinary euclidean and generalized bessel translations this approach is exhibited in the paper another concern is application of the composite wavelet transforms to explicit inversion of the kplane radon transform on bbrn we also discuss in detail a series of open problems arising in wavelet analysis of l_pfunctions of matrix argument
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711.1425
Not gate in a cis-trans photoisomerization model
We numerically study the implementation of a NOT gate by laser pulses in a model molecular system presenting two electronic surfaces coupled by non adiabatic interactions. The two states of the bit are the fundamental states of the cis-trans isomers of the molecule. The gate is classical in the sense that it involves a one-qubit flip so that the encoding of the outputs is based on population analysis which does not take the phases into account. This gate can also be viewed as a double photo-switch process with the property that the same electric field controls the two isomerizations. As an example, we consider one-dimensional cuts in a model of the retinal in rhodopsin already proposed in the literature. The laser pulses are computed by the Multi Target Optimal Control Theory with chirped pulses as trial fields. Very high fidelities are obtained. We also examine the stability of the control when the system is coupled to a bath of oscillators modelled by an Ohmic spectral density. The bath correlation time scale being smaller than the pulse duration the dynamics is carried out in the Markovian approximation.
quant-ph
we numerically study the implementation of a not gate by laser pulses in a model molecular system presenting two electronic surfaces coupled by non adiabatic interactions the two states of the bit are the fundamental states of the cistrans isomers of the molecule the gate is classical in the sense that it involves a onequbit flip so that the encoding of the outputs is based on population analysis which does not take the phases into account this gate can also be viewed as a double photoswitch process with the property that the same electric field controls the two isomerizations as an example we consider onedimensional cuts in a model of the retinal in rhodopsin already proposed in the literature the laser pulses are computed by the multi target optimal control theory with chirped pulses as trial fields very high fidelities are obtained we also examine the stability of the control when the system is coupled to a bath of oscillators modelled by an ohmic spectral density the bath correlation time scale being smaller than the pulse duration the dynamics is carried out in the markovian approximation
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711.1426
Local Polarization Switching in the Presence of Surface Charged Defects: Microscopic Mechanisms and Piezoresponse Force Spectroscopy Observations
The thermodynamics and kinetics of tip-induced polarization switching in Piezoresponse Force Microscopy in the presence of surface charge defects is studied using the combination of analytical and numerical techniques. The signature of the defects in hysteresis loop fine structure and Switching Spectroscopy PFM images is identified and compared to experimental observations. An approach for the deconvolution of PFM spectroscopy measurements to extract relevant defect parameters is derived. This methodology is universal and can be extended to switching in other ferroics and in reversible electrochemical processes, establishing a pathway for the understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transitions at a single defect level.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
the thermodynamics and kinetics of tipinduced polarization switching in piezoresponse force microscopy in the presence of surface charge defects is studied using the combination of analytical and numerical techniques the signature of the defects in hysteresis loop fine structure and switching spectroscopy pfm images is identified and compared to experimental observations an approach for the deconvolution of pfm spectroscopy measurements to extract relevant defect parameters is derived this methodology is universal and can be extended to switching in other ferroics and in reversible electrochemical processes establishing a pathway for the understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transitions at a single defect level
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711.1427
Finite temperature Lattice QCD with two flavors of improved Wilson fermions
We present results of finite temperature QCD from N_f=2 flavors of non-perturbatively improved Wilson fermions on lattices with N_t=8, 10 and 12. The transition temperature T_c is determined for the first time at lattice spacings as low as a = 0.08 fm, albeit at pion masses 1.3 < r_0 m_\pi. We furthermore compute the screening masses in various color channels at T>T_c.
hep-lat
we present results of finite temperature qcd from n_f2 flavors of nonperturbatively improved wilson fermions on lattices with n_t8 10 and 12 the transition temperature t_c is determined for the first time at lattice spacings as low as a 008 fm albeit at pion masses 13 r_0 m_pi we furthermore compute the screening masses in various color channels at tt_c
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711.1428
Spectrum of the Laplacian on manifolds with Spin(9) holonomy
We consider noncompact complete manifolds with Spin(9) holonomy and proved an one end result and a splitting type theorem under different conditions on the bottom of the spectrum. We proved that any harmonic functions with finite Dirichlet integral must be Cayley-harmonic, which allowed us to conclude an one end result. In the second part, we established a splitting type theorem by utilizing the Busemann function..
math.DG
we consider noncompact complete manifolds with spin9 holonomy and proved an one end result and a splitting type theorem under different conditions on the bottom of the spectrum we proved that any harmonic functions with finite dirichlet integral must be cayleyharmonic which allowed us to conclude an one end result in the second part we established a splitting type theorem by utilizing the busemann function
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711.1429
Direct Numerical Simulation of turbulent Taylor-Couette flow
The direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the Taylor--Couette flow in the fully turbulent regime is described. The numerical method extends the work by Quadrio & Luchini (Eur. J. Mech. B / Fluids, v.21, pp.413--427, 2002), and is based on a parallel computer code which uses mixed spatial discretization (spectral schemes in the homogeneous directions, and fourth-order, compact explicit finite-difference schemes in the radial direction). A DNS is carried out to simulate for the first time the turbulent Taylor--Couette flow in the turbulent regime. Statistical quantities are computed to complement the existing experimental information, with a view to compare it to planar, pressure-driven turbulent flow at the same value of the Reynolds number. The main source for differences in flow statistics between plane and curved-wall flows is attributed to the presence of large-scale rotating structures generated by curvature effects.
physics.flu-dyn physics.comp-ph
the direct numerical simulation dns of the taylorcouette flow in the fully turbulent regime is described the numerical method extends the work by quadrio luchini eur j mech b fluids v21 pp413427 2002 and is based on a parallel computer code which uses mixed spatial discretization spectral schemes in the homogeneous directions and fourthorder compact explicit finitedifference schemes in the radial direction a dns is carried out to simulate for the first time the turbulent taylorcouette flow in the turbulent regime statistical quantities are computed to complement the existing experimental information with a view to compare it to planar pressuredriven turbulent flow at the same value of the reynolds number the main source for differences in flow statistics between plane and curvedwall flows is attributed to the presence of largescale rotating structures generated by curvature effects
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711.143
Non-perturbative superpotentials across lines of marginal stability
We discuss the behaviour of non-perturbative superpotentials in 4d N=1 type II compactifications (and orientifolds thereof) near lines of marginal stability, where the spectrum of contributing BPS D-brane instantons changes discontinuously. The superpotential is nevertheless continuous, in agreement with its holomorphic dependence on the closed string moduli. The microscopic mechanism ensuring this continuity involves novel contributions to the superpotential: As an instanton becomes unstable against decay to several instantons, the latter provide a multi-instanton contribution which reconstructs that of the single-instanton before decay. The process can be understood as a non-perturbative lifting of additional fermion zero modes of an instanton by interactions induced by other instantons. These effects provide mechanisms via which instantons with U(1) symmetry can contribute to the superpotential. We provide explicit examples of these effects for non-gauge D-brane instantons, and for D-brane gauge instantons (where the motions in moduli space can be interpreted as Higgsing, or Seiberg dualities).
hep-th
we discuss the behaviour of nonperturbative superpotentials in 4d n1 type ii compactifications and orientifolds thereof near lines of marginal stability where the spectrum of contributing bps dbrane instantons changes discontinuously the superpotential is nevertheless continuous in agreement with its holomorphic dependence on the closed string moduli the microscopic mechanism ensuring this continuity involves novel contributions to the superpotential as an instanton becomes unstable against decay to several instantons the latter provide a multiinstanton contribution which reconstructs that of the singleinstanton before decay the process can be understood as a nonperturbative lifting of additional fermion zero modes of an instanton by interactions induced by other instantons these effects provide mechanisms via which instantons with u1 symmetry can contribute to the superpotential we provide explicit examples of these effects for nongauge dbrane instantons and for dbrane gauge instantons where the motions in moduli space can be interpreted as higgsing or seiberg dualities
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711.1431
Entangling photons using a charged quantum dot in a microcavity
We present two novel schemes to generate photon polarization entanglement via single electron spins confined in charged quantum dots inside microcavities. One scheme is via entangled remote electron spins followed by negatively-charged exciton emissions, and another scheme is via a single electron spin followed by the spin state measurement. Both schemes are based on giant circular birefringence and giant Faraday rotation induced by a single electron spin in a microcavity. Our schemes are deterministic and can generate an arbitrary amount of multi-photon entanglement. Following similar procedures, a scheme for a photon-spin quantum interface is proposed.
quant-ph
we present two novel schemes to generate photon polarization entanglement via single electron spins confined in charged quantum dots inside microcavities one scheme is via entangled remote electron spins followed by negativelycharged exciton emissions and another scheme is via a single electron spin followed by the spin state measurement both schemes are based on giant circular birefringence and giant faraday rotation induced by a single electron spin in a microcavity our schemes are deterministic and can generate an arbitrary amount of multiphoton entanglement following similar procedures a scheme for a photonspin quantum interface is proposed
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711.1432
Exoplanet HD209458b: inflated hydrogen atmosphere but no sign of evaporation
Many extrasolar planets orbit closely to their parent star. Their existence raises the fundamental problem of loss and gain in their mass. For exoplanet HD209458b, reports on an unusually extended hydrogen corona and a hot layer in the lower atmosphere seem to support the scenario of atmospheric inflation by the strong stellar irradiation. However, difficulties in reconciling evaporation models with observations call for a reassessment of the problem. Here, we use HST archive data to report a new absorption rate of ~8.9% +/- 2.1% by atomic hydrogen during the HD209458b transit, and show that no sign of evaporation could be detected for the exoplanet. We also report evidence of time variability in the HD209458 Lyman-a flux, a variability that was not accounted for in previous studies, which corrupted their diagnostics. Mass loss rates thus far proposed in the literature in the range 5x(10^{10}-10^{11} g s^{-1}) must induce a spectral signature in the Lyman-a line profile of HD209458 that cannot be found in the present analysis. Either an unknown compensation effect is hiding the expected spectral feature or else the mass loss rate of neutrals from HD209458 is modest.
astro-ph
many extrasolar planets orbit closely to their parent star their existence raises the fundamental problem of loss and gain in their mass for exoplanet hd209458b reports on an unusually extended hydrogen corona and a hot layer in the lower atmosphere seem to support the scenario of atmospheric inflation by the strong stellar irradiation however difficulties in reconciling evaporation models with observations call for a reassessment of the problem here we use hst archive data to report a new absorption rate of 89 21 by atomic hydrogen during the hd209458b transit and show that no sign of evaporation could be detected for the exoplanet we also report evidence of time variability in the hd209458 lymana flux a variability that was not accounted for in previous studies which corrupted their diagnostics mass loss rates thus far proposed in the literature in the range 5x10101011 g s1 must induce a spectral signature in the lymana line profile of hd209458 that cannot be found in the present analysis either an unknown compensation effect is hiding the expected spectral feature or else the mass loss rate of neutrals from hd209458 is modest
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711.1433
Excitons and cavity polaritons for ultracold atoms in an optical lattice
We study the resonant electronic excitation dynamics for ultracold atoms trapped in a deep optical lattice prepared in a Mott insulator state. Excitons in these artificial crystals are similar to Frenkel excitons in Noble atom or molecular crystals. They appear when the atomic excited state line width is smaller than the exciton band width generated by dipole-dipole coupling. When the atoms are placed within a cavity the electronic excitations and the quantized cavity mode get coupled. In the collective strong coupling regime excitations form two branches of cavity polaritons with Rabi splitting larger than the atomic and the cavity line width. To demonstrate their properties we calculate the transmission, reflection, and absorption spectra for an incident weak probe field, which show resonances at the polariton frequencies.
quant-ph
we study the resonant electronic excitation dynamics for ultracold atoms trapped in a deep optical lattice prepared in a mott insulator state excitons in these artificial crystals are similar to frenkel excitons in noble atom or molecular crystals they appear when the atomic excited state line width is smaller than the exciton band width generated by dipoledipole coupling when the atoms are placed within a cavity the electronic excitations and the quantized cavity mode get coupled in the collective strong coupling regime excitations form two branches of cavity polaritons with rabi splitting larger than the atomic and the cavity line width to demonstrate their properties we calculate the transmission reflection and absorption spectra for an incident weak probe field which show resonances at the polariton frequencies
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711.1434
Structural parameters of 11 faint Galactic globular clusters derived with 2MASS
The determination of structural parameters of 11 faint Galactic globular clusters that, in most cases, had not been previously studied in this context. The clusters are IC1257, Lynga7, Terzan4, Terzan10, BH176, ESO452-SC11, ESO280-SC08, 2MASS-GC01, 2MASS-GC02, GLIMPSE-C01 and AL3, which are projected not far from the central region of the Galaxy. Field-star contamination is significant in the colour-magnitude diagrams. Stellar radial number-density and surface-brightness profiles are built with 2MASS photometry that, for the present clusters, corresponds basically to giant-branch stars. Field-star decontamination is essential for clusters in dense fields. With decontaminated photometry we also compute the total MV of four such globular clusters, using M4 as a template. King-like functions are fitted to the radial profiles, from which the core, half-light, half-star count and tidal radii are derived, together with the concentration parameter. Parameters derived here are compared to the equivalent ones of other Galactic globular clusters available in the literature. Structural parameters and luminosity of most of the faint globular clusters dealt with in this paper are consistent with those of Palomar-like (low-mass and loose structure) globular clusters. This work helps to improve coverage of the globular cluster parameter space.
astro-ph
the determination of structural parameters of 11 faint galactic globular clusters that in most cases had not been previously studied in this context the clusters are ic1257 lynga7 terzan4 terzan10 bh176 eso452sc11 eso280sc08 2massgc01 2massgc02 glimpsec01 and al3 which are projected not far from the central region of the galaxy fieldstar contamination is significant in the colourmagnitude diagrams stellar radial numberdensity and surfacebrightness profiles are built with 2mass photometry that for the present clusters corresponds basically to giantbranch stars fieldstar decontamination is essential for clusters in dense fields with decontaminated photometry we also compute the total mv of four such globular clusters using m4 as a template kinglike functions are fitted to the radial profiles from which the core halflight halfstar count and tidal radii are derived together with the concentration parameter parameters derived here are compared to the equivalent ones of other galactic globular clusters available in the literature structural parameters and luminosity of most of the faint globular clusters dealt with in this paper are consistent with those of palomarlike lowmass and loose structure globular clusters this work helps to improve coverage of the globular cluster parameter space
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711.1435
Structure of the Scalars
The PDG Tables list more scalar mesons than can fit into one quark model nonet: indeed, even more than can belong to two multiplets. Consequently, some of these must be states beyond the quark model. So which of these is ${\bar q}q$ or ${\bar{qq}}qq$ or multi-meson molecule or largely glue? How experiment can help us distinguish between these possibilities is discussed.
hep-ph
the pdg tables list more scalar mesons than can fit into one quark model nonet indeed even more than can belong to two multiplets consequently some of these must be states beyond the quark model so which of these is bar qq or barqqqq or multimeson molecule or largely glue how experiment can help us distinguish between these possibilities is discussed
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711.1436
General (anti-)commutators of gamma matrices
Commutators and anticommutators of gamma matrices with arbitrary numbers of (antisymmetrized) indices are derived.
hep-th
commutators and anticommutators of gamma matrices with arbitrary numbers of antisymmetrized indices are derived
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711.1437
Energy Discriminant Analysis, Quantum Logic, and Fuzzy sets
In the paper, we show that quantum logic of linear subspaces can be used for recognition of random signals by a Bayesian energy discriminant classifier. The energy distribution on linear subspaces is described by the correlation matrix of the probability distribution. We show that the correlation matrix corresponds to von Neumann density matrix in quantum theory. We suggest the interpretation of quantum logic as a fuzzy logic of fuzzy sets. The use of quantum logic for recognition is based on the fact that the probability distribution of each class lies approximately in a lower-dimensional subspace of feature space. We offer the interpretation of discriminant functions as membership functions of fuzzy sets. Also we offer the quality functional for optimal choice of discriminant functions for recognition from some class of discriminant functions.
quant-ph math.PR
in the paper we show that quantum logic of linear subspaces can be used for recognition of random signals by a bayesian energy discriminant classifier the energy distribution on linear subspaces is described by the correlation matrix of the probability distribution we show that the correlation matrix corresponds to von neumann density matrix in quantum theory we suggest the interpretation of quantum logic as a fuzzy logic of fuzzy sets the use of quantum logic for recognition is based on the fact that the probability distribution of each class lies approximately in a lowerdimensional subspace of feature space we offer the interpretation of discriminant functions as membership functions of fuzzy sets also we offer the quality functional for optimal choice of discriminant functions for recognition from some class of discriminant functions
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711.1438
Quantum stress in chaotic billiards
This article reports on a joint theoretical and experimental study of the Pauli quantum-mechanical stress tensor $T_{\alpha \beta}(x,y)$ for open two-dimensional chaotic billiards. In the case of a finite current flow through the system the interior wave function is expressed as $\psi = u+iv$. With the assumption that $u$ and $v$ are Gaussian random fields we derive analytic expressions for the statistical distributions for the quantum stress tensor components $T_{\alpha \beta}$. The Gaussian random field model is tested for a Sinai billiard with two opposite leads by analyzing the scattering wave functions obtained numerically from the corresponding Schroedinger equation. Two-dimensional quantum billiards may be emulated from planar microwave analogues. Hence we report on microwave measurements for an open 2D cavity and how the quantum stress tensor analogue is extracted from the recorded electric field. The agreement with the theoretical predictions for the distributions for $T_{\alpha \beta}(x,y)$ is quite satisfactory for small net currents. However, a distinct difference between experiments and theory is observed at higher net flow, which could be explained using a Gaussian random field, where the net current was taken into account by an additional plane wave with a preferential direction and amplitude.
cond-mat.mes-hall
this article reports on a joint theoretical and experimental study of the pauli quantummechanical stress tensor t_alpha betaxy for open twodimensional chaotic billiards in the case of a finite current flow through the system the interior wave function is expressed as psi uiv with the assumption that u and v are gaussian random fields we derive analytic expressions for the statistical distributions for the quantum stress tensor components t_alpha beta the gaussian random field model is tested for a sinai billiard with two opposite leads by analyzing the scattering wave functions obtained numerically from the corresponding schroedinger equation twodimensional quantum billiards may be emulated from planar microwave analogues hence we report on microwave measurements for an open 2d cavity and how the quantum stress tensor analogue is extracted from the recorded electric field the agreement with the theoretical predictions for the distributions for t_alpha betaxy is quite satisfactory for small net currents however a distinct difference between experiments and theory is observed at higher net flow which could be explained using a gaussian random field where the net current was taken into account by an additional plane wave with a preferential direction and amplitude
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711.1439
Weak convergence of error processes in discretizations of stochastic integrals and Besov spaces
We consider weak convergence of the rescaled error processes arising from Riemann discretizations of certain stochastic integrals and relate the $L_p$-integrability of the weak limit to the fractional smoothness in the Malliavin sense of the stochastic integral.
math.PR
we consider weak convergence of the rescaled error processes arising from riemann discretizations of certain stochastic integrals and relate the l_pintegrability of the weak limit to the fractional smoothness in the malliavin sense of the stochastic integral
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711.144
Expected z>5 QSO number counts in large area deep near-infrared surveys
The QSO luminosity function at z>5 provides strong constraints on models of joint evolution of QSO and their hosts. However, these observations are challenging because the low space densities of these objects necessitate surveying of large areas, in order to obtain statistically meaningful samples, while at the same time cosmological redshifting and dimming means that rather deep Near Infrared (NIR) imaging must be carried out. Several upcoming and proposed facilities with wide-field NIR imaging capabilities will open up this new region of parameter space. In this paper we present predictions for the expected number counts of z>5 QSOs, based on simple empirical and semi-empirical models of QSO evolution, as a function of redshift, depth and surveyed area. We compute the evolution of observed-frame QSO magnitudes and colors in a representative photometric system covering the wavelength range 550nm<lambda<1800nm, and combine this information with different estimates for the evolution of the QSO luminosity function. We conclude that planned ground-based surveys such as Pan-STARRS and VISTA should be able to detect a large number of luminous QSOs up to z<7.5, but that space-based missions such as EUCLID (formerly SPACE/DUNE) or SNAP are probably required in order to obtain substantial samples at higher redshift. We also use our models to predict the expected number counts for future X-ray space missions (such as XEUS and Constellation-X), and show that because of their small field-of-view, these telescopes are unlikely to discover significant numbers of AGN at very high redshift. However, X-ray follow-up of objects detected at longer wavelength will be an important means of confirming their identity as AGN and constraining obscuration.
astro-ph
the qso luminosity function at z5 provides strong constraints on models of joint evolution of qso and their hosts however these observations are challenging because the low space densities of these objects necessitate surveying of large areas in order to obtain statistically meaningful samples while at the same time cosmological redshifting and dimming means that rather deep near infrared nir imaging must be carried out several upcoming and proposed facilities with widefield nir imaging capabilities will open up this new region of parameter space in this paper we present predictions for the expected number counts of z5 qsos based on simple empirical and semiempirical models of qso evolution as a function of redshift depth and surveyed area we compute the evolution of observedframe qso magnitudes and colors in a representative photometric system covering the wavelength range 550nmlambda1800nm and combine this information with different estimates for the evolution of the qso luminosity function we conclude that planned groundbased surveys such as panstarrs and vista should be able to detect a large number of luminous qsos up to z75 but that spacebased missions such as euclid formerly spacedune or snap are probably required in order to obtain substantial samples at higher redshift we also use our models to predict the expected number counts for future xray space missions such as xeus and constellationx and show that because of their small fieldofview these telescopes are unlikely to discover significant numbers of agn at very high redshift however xray followup of objects detected at longer wavelength will be an important means of confirming their identity as agn and constraining obscuration
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711.1441
Tensorial Quantum Gravity and the Cosmological Constant Problem
In the present article, which is the first part of a work in three parts, we build an equation of quantum gravity. This equation is tensorial, is equivalent to general relativity in vacuum, but differs completely from general relativity inside matter. This new equation possesses a dimensionless gravitational coupling constant, and passes all experimental tests that also passes general relativity. This quantum gravity and general relativity diverge essentially in the domain of cosmology : we prove that quantum gravity gives the solution to the whole set of problems left over by the standard cosmological model based on general relativity. Essentially, we prove that the initial singularity, the big bang, is smoothed out by quantum gravity, that the flatness problem finds a precise solution : quantum gravity predicts that Omega should be just a little greater than 1, which fits perfectly with the observed 1.02. The cosmological constant problem finds also its solution since we prove that the Lambda term does not come from any dark energy, but comes from nonperturbative quantum corrections to classical relativity, and has the exact tiny but strictly positive value needed. Furthermore, the quantum equation of gravity possesses, with no further efforts, features of unification. Indeed, our equation governs at the same time the large scale of the universe, as did general relativity, but also the structure of particles.
physics.gen-ph
in the present article which is the first part of a work in three parts we build an equation of quantum gravity this equation is tensorial is equivalent to general relativity in vacuum but differs completely from general relativity inside matter this new equation possesses a dimensionless gravitational coupling constant and passes all experimental tests that also passes general relativity this quantum gravity and general relativity diverge essentially in the domain of cosmology we prove that quantum gravity gives the solution to the whole set of problems left over by the standard cosmological model based on general relativity essentially we prove that the initial singularity the big bang is smoothed out by quantum gravity that the flatness problem finds a precise solution quantum gravity predicts that omega should be just a little greater than 1 which fits perfectly with the observed 102 the cosmological constant problem finds also its solution since we prove that the lambda term does not come from any dark energy but comes from nonperturbative quantum corrections to classical relativity and has the exact tiny but strictly positive value needed furthermore the quantum equation of gravity possesses with no further efforts features of unification indeed our equation governs at the same time the large scale of the universe as did general relativity but also the structure of particles
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711.1442
Nonlinear theory of quantum Brownian motion
A nonlinear theory of quantum Brownian motion in classical environment is developed based on a thermodynamically enhanced nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The latter is transformed via the Madelung transformation into a nonlinear quantum Smoluchowski-like equation, which is proven to reproduce key results from quantum and classical physics. The application of the theory to a free quantum Brownian particle results in a nonlinear dependence of the position dispersion on time, being quantum generalization of the Einstein law of Brownian motion. It is shown that the time of decoherence for the transition from quantum to classical diffusion is proportional to the square of the thermal de Broglie wavelength divided by the Einstein diffusion constant.
quant-ph cond-mat.stat-mech
a nonlinear theory of quantum brownian motion in classical environment is developed based on a thermodynamically enhanced nonlinear schrodinger equation the latter is transformed via the madelung transformation into a nonlinear quantum smoluchowskilike equation which is proven to reproduce key results from quantum and classical physics the application of the theory to a free quantum brownian particle results in a nonlinear dependence of the position dispersion on time being quantum generalization of the einstein law of brownian motion it is shown that the time of decoherence for the transition from quantum to classical diffusion is proportional to the square of the thermal de broglie wavelength divided by the einstein diffusion constant
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711.1443
Ptolemy relations for punctured discs
We construct frieze patterns of type D_N with entries which are numbers of matchings between vertices and triangles of corresponding triangulations of a punctured disc. For triangulations corresponding to orientations of the Dynkin diagram of type D_N, we show that the numbers in the pattern can be interpreted as specialisations of cluster variables in the corresponding Fomin-Zelevinsky cluster algebra.
math.CO math.RA
we construct frieze patterns of type d_n with entries which are numbers of matchings between vertices and triangles of corresponding triangulations of a punctured disc for triangulations corresponding to orientations of the dynkin diagram of type d_n we show that the numbers in the pattern can be interpreted as specialisations of cluster variables in the corresponding fominzelevinsky cluster algebra
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711.1444
Spin Hall effect in Sr2RuO4 and transition metals (Nb,Ta)
We study the intrinsic spin Hall conductivity (SHC) and the $d$-orbital Hall conductivity (OHC) in metallic $d$-electron systems based on the multiorbital tight-binding model. The obtained Hall conductivities are much larger than that in $p$-type semiconductors. The origin of these huge Hall effects is the "effective Aharonov-Bohm phase" induced by the signs of inter-orbital hopping integrals as well as atomic spin-orbit interaction. Huge SHC and OHC due to this mecahnism is ubiquitous in multiorbital transition metals.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mes-hall
we study the intrinsic spin hall conductivity shc and the dorbital hall conductivity ohc in metallic delectron systems based on the multiorbital tightbinding model the obtained hall conductivities are much larger than that in ptype semiconductors the origin of these huge hall effects is the effective aharonovbohm phase induced by the signs of interorbital hopping integrals as well as atomic spinorbit interaction huge shc and ohc due to this mecahnism is ubiquitous in multiorbital transition metals
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711.1445
Dynamical surface gravity
We discuss how the surface gravity can be classically defined for dynamical black holes. In particular we focus on defining the surface gravity for locally defined horizons and compare a number definitions proposed in the literature. We illustrate the differences between the various proposals in the case of an arbitrary dynamical, spherically symmetric black hole spacetime. We also discuss how the trapping horizon formalism of Hayward can be related to other constructions.
gr-qc
we discuss how the surface gravity can be classically defined for dynamical black holes in particular we focus on defining the surface gravity for locally defined horizons and compare a number definitions proposed in the literature we illustrate the differences between the various proposals in the case of an arbitrary dynamical spherically symmetric black hole spacetime we also discuss how the trapping horizon formalism of hayward can be related to other constructions
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711.1446
2n-Dimensional Models with Topological Mass Generation
The 4-dimensional model with topological mass generation that has recently been presented by Dvali, Jackiw and Pi [G. Dvali, R. Jackiw, and S.-Y. Pi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 081602 (2006), hep-th/0610228] is generalized to any even number of dimensions. As in the 4-dimensional model, the 2n-dimensional model describes a mass-generation phenomenon due to the presence of the chiral anomaly. In addition to this model, new 2n-dimensional models with topological mass generation are proposed, in which a Stueckelberg-type mass term plays a crucial role in the mass generation. The mass generation of a pseudoscalar field such as the eta-prime meson is discussed within this framework.
hep-th
the 4dimensional model with topological mass generation that has recently been presented by dvali jackiw and pi g dvali r jackiw and sy pi phys rev lett 96 081602 2006 hepth0610228 is generalized to any even number of dimensions as in the 4dimensional model the 2ndimensional model describes a massgeneration phenomenon due to the presence of the chiral anomaly in addition to this model new 2ndimensional models with topological mass generation are proposed in which a stueckelbergtype mass term plays a crucial role in the mass generation the mass generation of a pseudoscalar field such as the etaprime meson is discussed within this framework
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711.1447
Generalized Wannier Functions
We consider single particle Schrodinger operators with a gap in the en ergy spectrum. We construct a complete, orthonormal basis function set for the inv ariant space corresponding to the spectrum below the spectral gap, which are exponentially localized a round a set of closed surfaces of monotonically increasing sizes. Estimates on the exponential dec ay rate and a discussion of the geometry of these surfaces is included.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.stat-mech
we consider single particle schrodinger operators with a gap in the en ergy spectrum we construct a complete orthonormal basis function set for the inv ariant space corresponding to the spectrum below the spectral gap which are exponentially localized a round a set of closed surfaces of monotonically increasing sizes estimates on the exponential dec ay rate and a discussion of the geometry of these surfaces is included
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711.1448
Turbulence in Boundary Flow of Superfluid $^4$He Triggered by Free Vortex Rings
The transition to turbulence in the boundary flow of superfluid $^4$He is investigated using a vortex--free vibrating wire. At high wire vibration velocities, we found that stable alternating flow around the wire enters a turbulent phase triggered by free vortex rings. Numerical simulations of vortex dynamics demonstrate that vortex rings can attach to the surface of an oscillating obstacle and expand unstably due to the boundary flow of the superfluid, forming turbulence. Experimental investigations indicate that the turbulent phase continues even after stopping the injection of vortex rings, which is also confirmed by the simulations.
cond-mat.other cond-mat.dis-nn
the transition to turbulence in the boundary flow of superfluid 4he is investigated using a vortexfree vibrating wire at high wire vibration velocities we found that stable alternating flow around the wire enters a turbulent phase triggered by free vortex rings numerical simulations of vortex dynamics demonstrate that vortex rings can attach to the surface of an oscillating obstacle and expand unstably due to the boundary flow of the superfluid forming turbulence experimental investigations indicate that the turbulent phase continues even after stopping the injection of vortex rings which is also confirmed by the simulations
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711.1449
Study of the Electronic Structure in Oxides Using Absorption and Resonant X-Ray Scattering
Resonant X-ray scattering (RXS) is a spectroscopy where both the power of site selective diffraction and the power of local absorption spectroscopy regarding atomic species are combined. By virtue of the dependence on the core level state energy and the three dimensional electronic structure of the intermediate state, this technique is specially suited to study charge, orbital or spin orderings and associated crystal distortions. In the case of charge ordering, we exploit the fact that atoms with closely related site symmetries but with small charge differences exhibit resonances at slightly different energies. The sensitivity of this effect allows for quantitative estimations of the charge disproportion. Opposite to fluorescence or absorption measurements, the power of diffraction relies on the capability of detecting differences that are smaller than the inverse lifetime of the core hole level. To account for the uncertainty of the crystallographic structure and the fact that the charge ordering must be disentangled from the associated atomic displacements, a complete methodology is proposed and applied to the low temperature phase of magnetite. Relative sensitivity on spin, toroidal and orbital ordering is also shown and compared in different transition metal oxide compounds, like V2O3 and GaFeO3.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
resonant xray scattering rxs is a spectroscopy where both the power of site selective diffraction and the power of local absorption spectroscopy regarding atomic species are combined by virtue of the dependence on the core level state energy and the three dimensional electronic structure of the intermediate state this technique is specially suited to study charge orbital or spin orderings and associated crystal distortions in the case of charge ordering we exploit the fact that atoms with closely related site symmetries but with small charge differences exhibit resonances at slightly different energies the sensitivity of this effect allows for quantitative estimations of the charge disproportion opposite to fluorescence or absorption measurements the power of diffraction relies on the capability of detecting differences that are smaller than the inverse lifetime of the core hole level to account for the uncertainty of the crystallographic structure and the fact that the charge ordering must be disentangled from the associated atomic displacements a complete methodology is proposed and applied to the low temperature phase of magnetite relative sensitivity on spin toroidal and orbital ordering is also shown and compared in different transition metal oxide compounds like v2o3 and gafeo3
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711.145
Perfect fluid spheres with cosmological constant
We examine static perfect fluid spheres in the presence of a cosmological constant. New exact matter solutions are discussed which require the Nariai metric in the vacuum region. We generalize the Einstein static universe such that neither its energy density nor its pressure is constant throughout the spacetime. Using analytical techniques we derive conditions depending on the equation of state to locate the vanishing pressure surface. This surface can in general be located in regions with decreasing area group orbits. We use numerical methods to integrate the field equations for realistic equations of state and find consistent results.
gr-qc
we examine static perfect fluid spheres in the presence of a cosmological constant new exact matter solutions are discussed which require the nariai metric in the vacuum region we generalize the einstein static universe such that neither its energy density nor its pressure is constant throughout the spacetime using analytical techniques we derive conditions depending on the equation of state to locate the vanishing pressure surface this surface can in general be located in regions with decreasing area group orbits we use numerical methods to integrate the field equations for realistic equations of state and find consistent results
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711.1451
A first look at Landau-gauge propagators in G2 Yang-Mills theory
G_2 Yang--Mills theory is an interesting laboratory to investigate non-perturbative effects. On one hand, no conventional quark confinement via a linearly rising potential is present. On the other hand, its thermodynamic properties are similar to ordinary SU(N) Yang--Mills theory. Finally, it has been conjectured that gluons are removed from the physical spectrum in the same way as in SU(N) Yang--Mills theory. The last claim will be explored by determining the Landau-gauge ghost and gluon propagators, as well as the Faddeev--Popov operator eigenspectrum, in G_2 lattice gauge theory in two and three dimensions. The results are found to agree qualitatively with the SU(2) and SU(3) case. Therefore, the conjecture that Yang--Mills theories with different gauge groups are qualitatively similar on the level of their Landau gauge Green's functions is supported.
hep-lat hep-ph hep-th
g_2 yangmills theory is an interesting laboratory to investigate nonperturbative effects on one hand no conventional quark confinement via a linearly rising potential is present on the other hand its thermodynamic properties are similar to ordinary sun yangmills theory finally it has been conjectured that gluons are removed from the physical spectrum in the same way as in sun yangmills theory the last claim will be explored by determining the landaugauge ghost and gluon propagators as well as the faddeevpopov operator eigenspectrum in g_2 lattice gauge theory in two and three dimensions the results are found to agree qualitatively with the su2 and su3 case therefore the conjecture that yangmills theories with different gauge groups are qualitatively similar on the level of their landau gauge greens functions is supported
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711.1452
(Un)detectable cluster structure in sparse networks
We study the problem of recovering a known cluster structure in a sparse network, also known as the planted partitioning problem, by means of statistical mechanics. We find a sharp transition from un-recoverable to recoverable structure as a function of the separation of the clusters. For multivariate data, such transitions have been observed frequently, but always as a function of the number of data points provided, i.e. given a large enough data set, two point clouds can always be recognized as different clusters, as long as their separation is non-zero. In contrast, for the sparse networks studied here, a cluster structure remains undetectable even in an infinitely large network if a critical separation is not exceeded. We give analytic formulas for this critical separation as a function of the degree distribution of the network and calculate the shape of the recoverability-transition. Our findings have implications for unsupervised learning and data-mining in relational data bases and provide bounds on the achievable performance of graph clustering algorithms.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech
we study the problem of recovering a known cluster structure in a sparse network also known as the planted partitioning problem by means of statistical mechanics we find a sharp transition from unrecoverable to recoverable structure as a function of the separation of the clusters for multivariate data such transitions have been observed frequently but always as a function of the number of data points provided ie given a large enough data set two point clouds can always be recognized as different clusters as long as their separation is nonzero in contrast for the sparse networks studied here a cluster structure remains undetectable even in an infinitely large network if a critical separation is not exceeded we give analytic formulas for this critical separation as a function of the degree distribution of the network and calculate the shape of the recoverabilitytransition our findings have implications for unsupervised learning and datamining in relational data bases and provide bounds on the achievable performance of graph clustering algorithms
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711.1453
Landscape dynamics, interbasin kinetics and ultrametric diffusion
We discuss the interbasin kinetics approximation for random walk on a complex landscape. We show that for a generic landscape the corresponding model of interbasin kinetics is equivalent to an ultrametric diffusion, generated by an ultrametric pseudodifferential operator on the ultrametric space related to the tree of basins. The simplest example of ultrametric diffusion of this kind is described by the p-adic heat equation.
cond-mat.dis-nn
we discuss the interbasin kinetics approximation for random walk on a complex landscape we show that for a generic landscape the corresponding model of interbasin kinetics is equivalent to an ultrametric diffusion generated by an ultrametric pseudodifferential operator on the ultrametric space related to the tree of basins the simplest example of ultrametric diffusion of this kind is described by the padic heat equation
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711.1454
Suzaku Observation of HCG 62: Temperature, Abundance, and Extended Hard X-ray Emission Profiles
We present results of 120 ks observation of a compact group of galaxies HCG~62 ($z=0.0145$) with Suzaku XIS and HXD-PIN\@. The XIS spectra for four annular regions were fitted with two temperature {\it vapec} model with variable abundance, combined with the foreground Galactic component. The Galactic component was constrained to have a common surface brightness among the four annuli, and two temperature {\it apec} model was preferred to single temperature model. We confirmed the multi-temperature nature of the intra-group medium reported with Chandra and XMM-Newton, with a doughnut-like high temperature ring at radii 3.3--6.5$'$ in a hardness image. We found Mg, Si, S, and Fe abundances to be fairly robust. We examined the possible ``high-abundance arc'' at $\sim 2'$ southwest from the center, however Suzaku data did not confirm it. We suspect that it is a misidentification of an excess hot component in this region as the Fe line. Careful background study showed no positive detection of the extended hard X-rays previously reported with ASCA, in 5--12 keV with XIS and 12--40 keV with HXD-PIN, although our upper limit did not exclude the ASCA result. There is an indication that the X-ray intensity in $r<3.3'$ region is $70\pm 19$% higher than the nominal CXB level (5--12 keV), and Chandra and Suzaku data suggest that most of this excess could be due to concentration of hard X-ray sources with an average photon index of $\Gamma=1.38\pm 0.06$. Cumulative mass of O, Fe and Mg in the group gas and the metal mass-to-light ratio were derived and compared with those in other groups. Possible role of AGN or galaxy mergers in this group is also discussed.
astro-ph
we present results of 120 ks observation of a compact group of galaxies hcg62 z00145 with suzaku xis and hxdpin the xis spectra for four annular regions were fitted with two temperature it vapec model with variable abundance combined with the foreground galactic component the galactic component was constrained to have a common surface brightness among the four annuli and two temperature it apec model was preferred to single temperature model we confirmed the multitemperature nature of the intragroup medium reported with chandra and xmmnewton with a doughnutlike high temperature ring at radii 3365 in a hardness image we found mg si s and fe abundances to be fairly robust we examined the possible highabundance arc at sim 2 southwest from the center however suzaku data did not confirm it we suspect that it is a misidentification of an excess hot component in this region as the fe line careful background study showed no positive detection of the extended hard xrays previously reported with asca in 512 kev with xis and 1240 kev with hxdpin although our upper limit did not exclude the asca result there is an indication that the xray intensity in r33 region is 70pm 19 higher than the nominal cxb level 512 kev and chandra and suzaku data suggest that most of this excess could be due to concentration of hard xray sources with an average photon index of gamma138pm 006 cumulative mass of o fe and mg in the group gas and the metal masstolight ratio were derived and compared with those in other groups possible role of agn or galaxy mergers in this group is also discussed
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711.1455
Instantaneous and lagged measurements of linear and nonlinear dependence between groups of multivariate time series: frequency decomposition
Measures of linear dependence (coherence) and nonlinear dependence (phase synchronization) between any number of multivariate time series are defined. The measures are expressed as the sum of lagged dependence and instantaneous dependence. The measures are non-negative, and take the value zero only when there is independence of the pertinent type. These measures are defined in the frequency domain and are applicable to stationary and non-stationary time series. These new results extend and refine significantly those presented in a previous technical report (Pascual-Marqui 2007, arXiv:0706.1776 [stat.ME], http://arxiv.org/abs/0706.1776), and have been largely motivated by the seminal paper on linear feedback by Geweke (1982 JASA 77:304-313). One important field of application is neurophysiology, where the time series consist of electric neuronal activity at several brain locations. Coherence and phase synchronization are interpreted as "connectivity" between locations. However, any measure of dependence is highly contaminated with an instantaneous, non-physiological contribution due to volume conduction and low spatial resolution. The new techniques remove this confounding factor considerably. Moreover, the measures of dependence can be applied to any number of brain areas jointly, i.e. distributed cortical networks, whose activity can be estimated with eLORETA (Pascual-Marqui 2007, arXiv:0710.3341 [math-ph]).
stat.ME
measures of linear dependence coherence and nonlinear dependence phase synchronization between any number of multivariate time series are defined the measures are expressed as the sum of lagged dependence and instantaneous dependence the measures are nonnegative and take the value zero only when there is independence of the pertinent type these measures are defined in the frequency domain and are applicable to stationary and nonstationary time series these new results extend and refine significantly those presented in a previous technical report pascualmarqui 2007 arxiv07061776 statme httparxivorgabs07061776 and have been largely motivated by the seminal paper on linear feedback by geweke 1982 jasa 77304313 one important field of application is neurophysiology where the time series consist of electric neuronal activity at several brain locations coherence and phase synchronization are interpreted as connectivity between locations however any measure of dependence is highly contaminated with an instantaneous nonphysiological contribution due to volume conduction and low spatial resolution the new techniques remove this confounding factor considerably moreover the measures of dependence can be applied to any number of brain areas jointly ie distributed cortical networks whose activity can be estimated with eloreta pascualmarqui 2007 arxiv07103341 mathph
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711.1456
The Glueball Superpotential for G_2
We perform a perturbative computation of the glueball superpotential for N=1 supersymmetric G_2 gauge theory with one adjoint matter multiplet. We find that the computation simplifies because the bosonic momentum integral cancels with the fermionic momentum integral. The effective glueball superpotential allows us to gain an insight into non-perturbative aspect of the supersymetric gauge theory.
hep-th
we perform a perturbative computation of the glueball superpotential for n1 supersymmetric g_2 gauge theory with one adjoint matter multiplet we find that the computation simplifies because the bosonic momentum integral cancels with the fermionic momentum integral the effective glueball superpotential allows us to gain an insight into nonperturbative aspect of the supersymetric gauge theory
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711.1457
Defect healing at room temperature in pentacene thin films and improved transistor performance
We report on a healing of defects at room temperature in the organic semiconductor pentacene. This peculiar effect is a direct consequence of the weak intermolecular interaction which is characteristic of organic semiconductors. Pentacene thin-film transistors were fabricated and characterized by in situ gated four-terminal measurements. Under high vacuum conditions (base pressure of order 10E-8 mbar), the device performance is found to improve with time. The effective field-effect mobility increases by as much as a factor of two and mobilities up to 0.45 cm2/Vs were achieved. In addition, the contact resistance decreases by more than an order of magnitude and there is a significant reduction in current hysteresis. Oxygen/nitrogen exposure and annealing experiments show the improvement of the electronic parameters to be driven by a thermally promoted process and not by chemical doping. In order to extract the spectral density of trap states from the transistor characteristics, we have implemented a powerful scheme which allows for a calculation of the trap densities with high accuracy in a straightforward fashion. We show the performance improvement to be due to a reduction in the density of shallow traps <0.15 eV from the valence band edge, while the energetically deeper traps are essentially unaffected. This work contributes to an understanding of the shallow traps in organic semiconductors and identifies structural point defects within the grains of the polycrystalline thin films as a major cause.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we report on a healing of defects at room temperature in the organic semiconductor pentacene this peculiar effect is a direct consequence of the weak intermolecular interaction which is characteristic of organic semiconductors pentacene thinfilm transistors were fabricated and characterized by in situ gated fourterminal measurements under high vacuum conditions base pressure of order 10e8 mbar the device performance is found to improve with time the effective fieldeffect mobility increases by as much as a factor of two and mobilities up to 045 cm2vs were achieved in addition the contact resistance decreases by more than an order of magnitude and there is a significant reduction in current hysteresis oxygennitrogen exposure and annealing experiments show the improvement of the electronic parameters to be driven by a thermally promoted process and not by chemical doping in order to extract the spectral density of trap states from the transistor characteristics we have implemented a powerful scheme which allows for a calculation of the trap densities with high accuracy in a straightforward fashion we show the performance improvement to be due to a reduction in the density of shallow traps 015 ev from the valence band edge while the energetically deeper traps are essentially unaffected this work contributes to an understanding of the shallow traps in organic semiconductors and identifies structural point defects within the grains of the polycrystalline thin films as a major cause
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711.1458
Floquet system, Bloch oscillation, and Stark ladder
We prove the multi-band Bloch oscillation and Stark ladder in the $nk$ and site representation from the Floquet theorem. The proof is also possible from the equivalence between the Floquet system, Bloch oscillation, and the rotator with spin. We also exactly solve the periodically driven two level atom and two band Bloch oscillation in terms of Heun function.
cond-mat.other
we prove the multiband bloch oscillation and stark ladder in the nk and site representation from the floquet theorem the proof is also possible from the equivalence between the floquet system bloch oscillation and the rotator with spin we also exactly solve the periodically driven two level atom and two band bloch oscillation in terms of heun function
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711.1459
Unraveling neutrino parameters with a magical beta-beam experiment at INO
We expound in detail the physics reach of an experimental set-up in which the proposed large magnetized iron detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) would serve as the far detector for a so-called beta-beam. If this pure $\nue$ and/or $\anue$ beam is shot from some source location like CERN such that the source-detector distance $L \simeq 7500$ km, the impact of the CP phase $\delta_{CP}$ on the oscillation probability and associated parameter correlation and degeneracies are almost negligible. This ``magical'' beta-beam experiment would have unprecedented sensitivity to the neutrino mass hierarchy and $\theta_{13}$, two of the missing ingredients needed for our understanding of the neutrino sector. With Lorentz boost $\gamma=650$ and irrespective of the true value of $\delta_{CP}$, the neutrino mass hierarchy could be determined at $3\sigma$ C.L. if $\sin^22\theta_{13}{\rm {(true)}} > 5.6 \times 10^{-4}$ and we can expect an unambiguous signal for $\theta_{13}$ at $3\sigma$ C.L. if $\sin^22\theta_{13}{\rm {(true)}} > 5.1 \times 10^{-4}$ independent of the true neutrino mass hierarchy.
hep-ph hep-ex
we expound in detail the physics reach of an experimental setup in which the proposed large magnetized iron detector at the indiabased neutrino observatory ino would serve as the far detector for a socalled betabeam if this pure nue andor anue beam is shot from some source location like cern such that the sourcedetector distance l simeq 7500 km the impact of the cp phase delta_cp on the oscillation probability and associated parameter correlation and degeneracies are almost negligible this magical betabeam experiment would have unprecedented sensitivity to the neutrino mass hierarchy and theta_13 two of the missing ingredients needed for our understanding of the neutrino sector with lorentz boost gamma650 and irrespective of the true value of delta_cp the neutrino mass hierarchy could be determined at 3sigma cl if sin22theta_13rm true 56 times 104 and we can expect an unambiguous signal for theta_13 at 3sigma cl if sin22theta_13rm true 51 times 104 independent of the true neutrino mass hierarchy
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711.146
On the Thermodynamic Temperature of a General Distribution
The concept of temperature is one of the key ideas in describing the thermodynamical properties of a physical system. In classical statistical mechanics of ideal gases, the notion of temperature can be described in two different ways, the kinetic temperature and the thermodynamic temperature. For the Boltzmann distribution, the two notions lead to the same result. However, for a general probability density function, while the kinetic temperature has been commonly used, there appears to be no corresponding general definition of thermodynamic temperature. In this paper, we propose such a definition and show that it is connected to the Fisher information associated with the distribution of the momenta.
cond-mat.stat-mech
the concept of temperature is one of the key ideas in describing the thermodynamical properties of a physical system in classical statistical mechanics of ideal gases the notion of temperature can be described in two different ways the kinetic temperature and the thermodynamic temperature for the boltzmann distribution the two notions lead to the same result however for a general probability density function while the kinetic temperature has been commonly used there appears to be no corresponding general definition of thermodynamic temperature in this paper we propose such a definition and show that it is connected to the fisher information associated with the distribution of the momenta
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711.1461
Semiconductor Spintronics
Spintronics refers commonly to phenomena in which the spin of electrons in a solid state environment plays the determining role. In a more narrow sense spintronics is an emerging research field of electronics: spintronics devices are based on a spin control of electronics, or on an electrical and optical control of spin or magnetism. This review presents selected themes of semiconductor spintronics, introducing important concepts in spin transport, spin injection, Silsbee-Johnson spin-charge coupling, and spindependent tunneling, as well as spin relaxation and spin dynamics. The most fundamental spin-dependent nteraction in nonmagnetic semiconductors is spin-orbit coupling. Depending on the crystal symmetries of the material, as well as on the structural properties of semiconductor based heterostructures, the spin-orbit coupling takes on different functional forms, giving a nice playground of effective spin-orbit Hamiltonians. The effective Hamiltonians for the most relevant classes of materials and heterostructures are derived here from realistic electronic band structure descriptions. Most semiconductor device systems are still theoretical concepts, waiting for experimental demonstrations. A review of selected proposed, and a few demonstrated devices is presented, with detailed description of two important classes: magnetic resonant tunnel structures and bipolar magnetic diodes and transistors. In most cases the presentation is of tutorial style, introducing the essential theoretical formalism at an accessible level, with case-study-like illustrations of actual experimental results, as well as with brief reviews of relevant recent achievements in the field.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other
spintronics refers commonly to phenomena in which the spin of electrons in a solid state environment plays the determining role in a more narrow sense spintronics is an emerging research field of electronics spintronics devices are based on a spin control of electronics or on an electrical and optical control of spin or magnetism this review presents selected themes of semiconductor spintronics introducing important concepts in spin transport spin injection silsbeejohnson spincharge coupling and spindependent tunneling as well as spin relaxation and spin dynamics the most fundamental spindependent nteraction in nonmagnetic semiconductors is spinorbit coupling depending on the crystal symmetries of the material as well as on the structural properties of semiconductor based heterostructures the spinorbit coupling takes on different functional forms giving a nice playground of effective spinorbit hamiltonians the effective hamiltonians for the most relevant classes of materials and heterostructures are derived here from realistic electronic band structure descriptions most semiconductor device systems are still theoretical concepts waiting for experimental demonstrations a review of selected proposed and a few demonstrated devices is presented with detailed description of two important classes magnetic resonant tunnel structures and bipolar magnetic diodes and transistors in most cases the presentation is of tutorial style introducing the essential theoretical formalism at an accessible level with casestudylike illustrations of actual experimental results as well as with brief reviews of relevant recent achievements in the field
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711.1462
Experimental Test of the Dynamical Coulomb Blockade Theory for Short Coherent Conductors
We observed the recently predicted quantum suppression of dynamical Coulomb blockade on short coherent conductors by measuring the conductance of a quantum point contact embedded in a tunable on-chip circuit. Taking advantage of the circuit modularity we measured most parameters used by the theory. This allowed us to perform a reliable and quantitative experimental test of the theory. Dynamical Coulomb blockade corrections, probed up to the second conductance plateau of the quantum point contact, are found to be accurately normalized by the same Fano factor as quantum shot noise, in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we observed the recently predicted quantum suppression of dynamical coulomb blockade on short coherent conductors by measuring the conductance of a quantum point contact embedded in a tunable onchip circuit taking advantage of the circuit modularity we measured most parameters used by the theory this allowed us to perform a reliable and quantitative experimental test of the theory dynamical coulomb blockade corrections probed up to the second conductance plateau of the quantum point contact are found to be accurately normalized by the same fano factor as quantum shot noise in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions
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711.1463
Comparison of D --> K_s^0 pi and D --> K_L^0 pi Decay Rates
We present measurements of D -> K0_S pi and D -> K0_L pi branching fractions using 281 pb-1 of psi(3770) data at the CLEO-c experiment. We find that B(D0 -> K0_S pi0) is larger than B(D0 -> K0_L pi0), with an asymmetry of R(D0) = 0.108 +- 0.025 +- 0.024. For B(D+ -> K0_S pi+) and B(D+ -> K0_L pi+), we observe no measurable difference; the asymmetry is R(D+) = 0.022 +- 0.016 +- 0.018. The D0 asymmetry is consistent with the value based on the U-spin prediction A(D0 -> K0 pi0)/A(D0 -> K0bar pi0) = -tan^2(theta_C), where theta_C is the Cabibbo angle.
hep-ex
we present measurements of d k0_s pi and d k0_l pi branching fractions using 281 pb1 of psi3770 data at the cleoc experiment we find that bd0 k0_s pi0 is larger than bd0 k0_l pi0 with an asymmetry of rd0 0108 0025 0024 for bd k0_s pi and bd k0_l pi we observe no measurable difference the asymmetry is rd 0022 0016 0018 the d0 asymmetry is consistent with the value based on the uspin prediction ad0 k0 pi0ad0 k0bar pi0 tan2theta_c where theta_c is the cabibbo angle
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711.1464
Low-Temperature Collapse of Electron Localisation in Two Dimensions
We report direct experimental evidence that the insulating phase of a disordered, yet strongly interacting two-dimensional electron system (2DES) becomes unstable at low temperatures. As the temperature decreases, a transition from insulating to metal-like transport behaviour is observed, which persists even when the resistivity of the system greatly exceeds the quantum of resistivity h/e^2. The results have been achieved by measuring transport on a mesoscopic length-scale while systematically varying the strength of disorder.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el
we report direct experimental evidence that the insulating phase of a disordered yet strongly interacting twodimensional electron system 2des becomes unstable at low temperatures as the temperature decreases a transition from insulating to metallike transport behaviour is observed which persists even when the resistivity of the system greatly exceeds the quantum of resistivity he2 the results have been achieved by measuring transport on a mesoscopic lengthscale while systematically varying the strength of disorder
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711.1465
Phantom Energy with Variable G and Lambda
We have investigated a cosmological model of a phantom energy with a variable cosmological constant ($\Lambda$) depending on the energy density ($\rho$) as $\Lambda\propto \rho^{-\alpha}$, $\alpha=\rm const.$ and a variable gravitational constant ($G$). The model requires $\alpha<0$ and a negative gravitational constant. A negative gravitational constant may forbid \emph{black holes} to form a particle horizon in a background of phantom energy. This implies that black holes are naked, and consequently the \emph{Cosmic Censorship} theorem is violated. The cosmological constant evolves with time as, $\Lambda\propto t^{-2}$. For $\omega>-1$ and $\alpha<-1$ the cosmological constant, $\Lambda<0$, $G>0$ and $\rho$ decrease with cosmic expansion. For ordinary matter (or dark matter), i.e., $\omega>-1$ we have $-1<\alpha<0$ and $\beta>0$ so that $G>0$ increases with time and $\rho$ decreases with time. Cosmic acceleration with dust particles is granted provided $-{2/3}<\alpha <0$ and $\Lambda>0$.
hep-th
we have investigated a cosmological model of a phantom energy with a variable cosmological constant lambda depending on the energy density rho as lambdapropto rhoalpha alpharm const and a variable gravitational constant g the model requires alpha0 and a negative gravitational constant a negative gravitational constant may forbid emphblack holes to form a particle horizon in a background of phantom energy this implies that black holes are naked and consequently the emphcosmic censorship theorem is violated the cosmological constant evolves with time as lambdapropto t2 for omega1 and alpha1 the cosmological constant lambda0 g0 and rho decrease with cosmic expansion for ordinary matter or dark matter ie omega1 we have 1alpha0 and beta0 so that g0 increases with time and rho decreases with time cosmic acceleration with dust particles is granted provided 23alpha 0 and lambda0
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711.1466
Predicting relevant empty spots in social interaction
An empty spot refers to an empty hard-to-fill space which can be found in the records of the social interaction, and is the clue to the persons in the underlying social network who do not appear in the records. This contribution addresses a problem to predict relevant empty spots in social interaction. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous networks are studied as a model underlying the social interaction. A heuristic predictor function approach is presented as a new method to address the problem. Simulation experiment is demonstrated over a homogeneous network. A test data in the form of baskets is generated from the simulated communication. Precision to predict the empty spots is calculated to demonstrate the performance of the presented approach.
cs.AI
an empty spot refers to an empty hardtofill space which can be found in the records of the social interaction and is the clue to the persons in the underlying social network who do not appear in the records this contribution addresses a problem to predict relevant empty spots in social interaction homogeneous and inhomogeneous networks are studied as a model underlying the social interaction a heuristic predictor function approach is presented as a new method to address the problem simulation experiment is demonstrated over a homogeneous network a test data in the form of baskets is generated from the simulated communication precision to predict the empty spots is calculated to demonstrate the performance of the presented approach
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711.1467
Symmetry breaking in Laughlin's state on a cylinder
We investigate Laughlin's fractional quantum Hall effect wave function on a cylinder. We show that it displays translational symmetry breaking in the axial direction for sufficiently thin cylinders. At filling factor 1/p, the period is p times the period of the filled lowest Landau level. The proof uses a connection with one-dimensional polymer systems and discrete renewal equations.
cond-mat.mes-hall math-ph math.MP
we investigate laughlins fractional quantum hall effect wave function on a cylinder we show that it displays translational symmetry breaking in the axial direction for sufficiently thin cylinders at filling factor 1p the period is p times the period of the filled lowest landau level the proof uses a connection with onedimensional polymer systems and discrete renewal equations
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711.1468
Net-Baryon Physics: Basic Mechanisms
It is well known that, in nuclear collisions, a sizable fraction of the available energy is carried away by baryons. As the baryon number is conserved, the net-baryon $B-\bar{B}$ retains information on the energy-momentum carried by the incoming nuclei. A simple but consistent model for net-baryon production in high energy hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions is presented. The basic ingredients of the model are valence string formation based on standard PDFs with QCD evolution and string fragmentation via the Schwinger mechanism. The results of the model are presented and compared with both data and existing models. These results show that a good description of the main features of net-baryon data is possible on the framework of a simplistic model, with the advantage of making the fundamental production mechanisms manifest.
hep-ph
it is well known that in nuclear collisions a sizable fraction of the available energy is carried away by baryons as the baryon number is conserved the netbaryon bbarb retains information on the energymomentum carried by the incoming nuclei a simple but consistent model for netbaryon production in high energy hadronhadron hadronnucleus and nucleusnucleus collisions is presented the basic ingredients of the model are valence string formation based on standard pdfs with qcd evolution and string fragmentation via the schwinger mechanism the results of the model are presented and compared with both data and existing models these results show that a good description of the main features of netbaryon data is possible on the framework of a simplistic model with the advantage of making the fundamental production mechanisms manifest
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711.1469
Ground-state energy eigenvalue calculation of the quantum mechanical well $V(x)={1/2}kx^{2}+\lambda {x^{4}}$ via analytical transfer matrix method
The analytical transfer matrix technique is applied to the Schr\"{o}dinger equation of symmetric quartic-well potential problem in the form $V(x)={1/2}kx^{2}+\lambda{x^{4}}.$ This gives quantization condition from which we can calculate the ground-state energy eigenvalues numerically. We also compare the results with those obtained from numerical shooting method, perturbation theory, and WKB method.
cond-mat.other
the analytical transfer matrix technique is applied to the schrodinger equation of symmetric quarticwell potential problem in the form vx12kx2lambdax4 this gives quantization condition from which we can calculate the groundstate energy eigenvalues numerically we also compare the results with those obtained from numerical shooting method perturbation theory and wkb method
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711.147
Source shape determination with directional fragment-fragment velocity correlations
Correlation functions, constructed from directional projections of the relative velocities of fragments, are used to determine the shape of the breakup volume in coordinate space. For central collisions of 129Xe + natSn at 50 MeV per nucleon incident energy, measured with the 4pi multi-detector INDRA at GSI, a prolate shape aligned along the beam direction with an axis ratio of 1:0.7 is deduced. The sensitivity of the method is discussed in comparison with conventional fragment-fragment velocity correlations.
nucl-ex
correlation functions constructed from directional projections of the relative velocities of fragments are used to determine the shape of the breakup volume in coordinate space for central collisions of 129xe natsn at 50 mev per nucleon incident energy measured with the 4pi multidetector indra at gsi a prolate shape aligned along the beam direction with an axis ratio of 107 is deduced the sensitivity of the method is discussed in comparison with conventional fragmentfragment velocity correlations
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711.1471
(O(V+F), O(V)) is a Gelfand pair for any quadratic space V over a local field F
Let V be a quadratic space with a form q over an arbitrary local field F of characteristic different from 2. Let $W=V \oplus Fe$ with the form Q extending q with Q(e)=1. Consider the standard embedding of O(V) into O(W) and the two-sided action of $O(V)\times O(V)$ on $O(W)$. In this note we show that any $O(V)\times O(V)$-invariant distribution on O(W) is invariant with respect to transposition. This result was earlier proven in a bit different form in [vD] for F=R, in [AvD] for F=C and in [BvD] for p-adic fields. Here we give a different proof. Using results from [AGS], we show that this result on invariant distributions implies that the pair (O(V),O(W)) is a Gelfand pair. In the archimedean setting this means that for any irreducible admissible smooth Frechet representation E of O(W) we have $dim Hom_{O(V)}(E,C) \leq 1.$ A stronger result for p-adic fields is obtained in [AGRS].
math.RT
let v be a quadratic space with a form q over an arbitrary local field f of characteristic different from 2 let wv oplus fe with the form q extending q with qe1 consider the standard embedding of ov into ow and the twosided action of ovtimes ov on ow in this note we show that any ovtimes ovinvariant distribution on ow is invariant with respect to transposition this result was earlier proven in a bit different form in vd for fr in avd for fc and in bvd for padic fields here we give a different proof using results from ags we show that this result on invariant distributions implies that the pair ovow is a gelfand pair in the archimedean setting this means that for any irreducible admissible smooth frechet representation e of ow we have dim hom_ovec leq 1 a stronger result for padic fields is obtained in agrs
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711.1472
Two-dimensional Gauge Theories and Quantum Integrable Systems
In this paper the relation between 2d topological gauge theories and Bethe Ansatz equations is reviewed. In addition we present some new results and clarifications. We hope the relations discussed here are particular examples of more general relations between quantum topological fields theories in dimensions $d\leq 4$ and quantum integrable systems.
hep-th
in this paper the relation between 2d topological gauge theories and bethe ansatz equations is reviewed in addition we present some new results and clarifications we hope the relations discussed here are particular examples of more general relations between quantum topological fields theories in dimensions dleq 4 and quantum integrable systems
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711.1473
Quantum Scholasticism: On Quantum Contexts, Counterfactuals, and the Absurdities of Quantum Omniscience
Unlike classical information, quantum knowledge is restricted to the outcome of measurements of maximal observables corresponding to single contexts.
quant-ph
unlike classical information quantum knowledge is restricted to the outcome of measurements of maximal observables corresponding to single contexts
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711.1474
A 3D Study of Combined Density and Temperature Fluctuations in Gaseous Nebulae I: Theory
This draft (in preparation) has been withdrawn so as to be combined with its second part (work also in preparation), to produce a single paper, that includes further analysis and revisions done after new important results obtained.
astro-ph
this draft in preparation has been withdrawn so as to be combined with its second part work also in preparation to produce a single paper that includes further analysis and revisions done after new important results obtained
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711.1475
A Digital Switch and Femto-Tesla Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Fano Resonance in a Spin Field Effect Transistor
We show that a Spin Field Effect Transistor, realized with a semiconductor quantum wire channel sandwiched between half-metallic ferromagnetic contacts, can have Fano resonances in the transmission spectrum. These resonances appear because the ferromagnets are half-metallic, so that the Fermi level can be placed above the majority but below the minority spin band. In that case, the majority spins will be propagating, but the minority spins will be evanescent. At low temperatures, the Fano resonances can be exploited to implement a digital binary switch that can be turned on or off with a very small gate voltage swing of few tens of microvolts, leading to extremely small dynamic power dissipation during switching. An array of 500,000 x 500,000 such transistors can detect ultrasmall changes in a magnetic field with a sensitivity of 1 femto-Tesla/sqrt{Hz}, if each transistor is biased near a Fano resonance.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.other
we show that a spin field effect transistor realized with a semiconductor quantum wire channel sandwiched between halfmetallic ferromagnetic contacts can have fano resonances in the transmission spectrum these resonances appear because the ferromagnets are halfmetallic so that the fermi level can be placed above the majority but below the minority spin band in that case the majority spins will be propagating but the minority spins will be evanescent at low temperatures the fano resonances can be exploited to implement a digital binary switch that can be turned on or off with a very small gate voltage swing of few tens of microvolts leading to extremely small dynamic power dissipation during switching an array of 500000 x 500000 such transistors can detect ultrasmall changes in a magnetic field with a sensitivity of 1 femtoteslasqrthz if each transistor is biased near a fano resonance
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711.1476
Radon transform on symmetric matrix domains
Let $\bbK=\mathbb R, \mathbb C, \mathbb H$ be the field of real, complex or quaternionic numbers and $M_{p, q}(\bbK)$ the vector space of all $p\times q$-matrices. Let $X$ be the matrix unit ball in $M_{n-r, r}(\bbK)$ consisting of contractive matrices. As a symmetric space, $X=G/K=O(n-r, r)/O(n-r)\times O(r)$, $U(n-r, r)/U(n-r)\times U(r)$ and respectively $Sp(n-r, r)/Sp(n-r)\times Sp(r)$. The matrix unit ball $y_0$ in $M_{r^\prime-r, r}$ with $r^\prime \le n-1$ is a totally geodesic submanifold of $X$ and let $Y$ be the set of all $G$-translations of the submanifold $y_0$. The set $Y$ is then a manifold and an affine symmetric space. We consider the Radon transform $\mathcal Rf(y)$ for functions $f\in C_0^\infty(X)$ defined by integration of $f$ over the subset $y$, and the dual transform $\mathcal R^t F(x), x\in X$ for functions $F(y)$ on $Y$. We find inversion formulas by constructing explicit certain invariant differential operators.
math.FA math.AP
let bbkmathbb r mathbb c mathbb h be the field of real complex or quaternionic numbers and m_p qbbk the vector space of all ptimes qmatrices let x be the matrix unit ball in m_nr rbbk consisting of contractive matrices as a symmetric space xgkonr ronrtimes or unr runrtimes ur and respectively spnr rspnrtimes spr the matrix unit ball y_0 in m_rprimer r with rprime le n1 is a totally geodesic submanifold of x and let y be the set of all gtranslations of the submanifold y_0 the set y is then a manifold and an affine symmetric space we consider the radon transform mathcal rfy for functions fin c_0inftyx defined by integration of f over the subset y and the dual transform mathcal rt fx xin x for functions fy on y we find inversion formulas by constructing explicit certain invariant differential operators
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711.1477
On Weak Tail Domination of Random Vectors
Motivated by a question of Krzysztof Oleszkiewicz we study a notion of weak tail domination of random vectors. We show that if the dominating random variable is sufficiently regular weak tail domination implies strong tail domination. In particular positive answer to Oleszkiewicz question would follow from the so-called Bernoulli conjecture.
math.PR
motivated by a question of krzysztof oleszkiewicz we study a notion of weak tail domination of random vectors we show that if the dominating random variable is sufficiently regular weak tail domination implies strong tail domination in particular positive answer to oleszkiewicz question would follow from the socalled bernoulli conjecture
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711.1478
A constructive Borel-Cantelli Lemma. Constructing orbits with required statistical properties
In the general context of computable metric spaces and computable measures we prove a kind of constructive Borel-Cantelli lemma: given a sequence (constructive in some way) of sets $A_{i}$ with effectively summable measures, there are computable points which are not contained in infinitely many $A_{i}$. As a consequence of this we obtain the existence of computable points which follow the \emph{typical statistical behavior} of a dynamical system (they satisfy the Birkhoff theorem) for a large class of systems, having computable invariant measure and a certain ``logarithmic'' speed of convergence of Birkhoff averages over Lipshitz observables. This is applied to uniformly hyperbolic systems, piecewise expanding maps, systems on the interval with an indifferent fixed point and it directly implies the existence of computable numbers which are normal with respect to any base.
math.CA cs.IT math.DS math.IT math.PR math.ST stat.TH
in the general context of computable metric spaces and computable measures we prove a kind of constructive borelcantelli lemma given a sequence constructive in some way of sets a_i with effectively summable measures there are computable points which are not contained in infinitely many a_i as a consequence of this we obtain the existence of computable points which follow the emphtypical statistical behavior of a dynamical system they satisfy the birkhoff theorem for a large class of systems having computable invariant measure and a certain logarithmic speed of convergence of birkhoff averages over lipshitz observables this is applied to uniformly hyperbolic systems piecewise expanding maps systems on the interval with an indifferent fixed point and it directly implies the existence of computable numbers which are normal with respect to any base
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711.1479
On the dual variable of the Cauchy stress tensor in isotropic finite hyperelasticity
If the constitutive law linking the second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor and the right Cauchy-Green strain tensor derives from a potential, then the Cauchy stress tensor and the logarithm of the left Cauchy-Green strain tensor are linked by a related potential. We give a new and concise proof which is based on an explicit formula expressing the derivative of the exponential of a tensor.
math.AP math-ph math.MP
if the constitutive law linking the second piolakirchhoff stress tensor and the right cauchygreen strain tensor derives from a potential then the cauchy stress tensor and the logarithm of the left cauchygreen strain tensor are linked by a related potential we give a new and concise proof which is based on an explicit formula expressing the derivative of the exponential of a tensor
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711.148
Degenerate principal series representations and their holomorphic extensions
Let $X=H/L$ be an irreducible real bounded symmetric domain realized as a real form in an Hermitian symmetric domain $D=G/K$. The intersection $S$ of the Shilov boundary of $D$ with $X$ defines a distinguished subset of the topological boundary of $X$ and is invariant under $H$ and can also be realized as $S=H/P$ for certain parabolic subgroup $P$ of $H$. We study the spherical representations $Ind_P^H(\lam)$ of $H$ induced from $P$. We find formulas for the spherical functions in terms of the Macdonald ${}_2F_1$ hypergeometric function. This generalizes the earlier result of Faraut-Koranyi for Hermitian symmetric spaces $D$. We consider a class of $H$-invariant integral intertwining operators from the representations $Ind_P^H(\lam)$ on $L^2(S)$ to the holomorphic representations of $G$ on $D$ restricted to $H$. We construct a new class of complementary series for the groups $H=SO(n, m)$, $SU(n, m)$ (with $n-m >2$) and $Sp(n, m)$ (with $n-m>1$). We realize them as a discrete component in the branching rule of the analytic continuation of the holomorphic discrete series of $G=SU(n, m)$, $SU(n, m)\times SU(n, m)$ and $SU(2n, 2m)$ respectively.
math.RT
let xhl be an irreducible real bounded symmetric domain realized as a real form in an hermitian symmetric domain dgk the intersection s of the shilov boundary of d with x defines a distinguished subset of the topological boundary of x and is invariant under h and can also be realized as shp for certain parabolic subgroup p of h we study the spherical representations ind_phlam of h induced from p we find formulas for the spherical functions in terms of the macdonald _2f_1 hypergeometric function this generalizes the earlier result of farautkoranyi for hermitian symmetric spaces d we consider a class of hinvariant integral intertwining operators from the representations ind_phlam on l2s to the holomorphic representations of g on d restricted to h we construct a new class of complementary series for the groups hson m sun m with nm 2 and spn m with nm1 we realize them as a discrete component in the branching rule of the analytic continuation of the holomorphic discrete series of gsun m sun mtimes sun m and su2n 2m respectively
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711.1481
The very long range nature of capillary interactions in liquid films
Micron-sized objects confined in thin liquid films interact through forces mediated by the deformed liquid-air interface. This capillary interactions provide a powerful driving mechanism for the self-assembly of ordered structures such as photonic materials or protein crystals. Direct probing of capillary interactions requires a controlled force field to independently manipulate small objects while avoiding any physical contact with the interface. We demonstrate how optical micro-manipulation allows the direct measurement of capillary interactions between two micron sized spheres in a free standing liquid film. The force falls off as an inverse power law in particles separation. We derive and validate an explicit expression for this exponent whose magnitude is mainly governed by particles size. For micron-sized objects we found an exponent close to, but smaller than one, making capillary interactions a unique example of strong and very long ranged forces in the mesoscopic world.
cond-mat.soft
micronsized objects confined in thin liquid films interact through forces mediated by the deformed liquidair interface this capillary interactions provide a powerful driving mechanism for the selfassembly of ordered structures such as photonic materials or protein crystals direct probing of capillary interactions requires a controlled force field to independently manipulate small objects while avoiding any physical contact with the interface we demonstrate how optical micromanipulation allows the direct measurement of capillary interactions between two micron sized spheres in a free standing liquid film the force falls off as an inverse power law in particles separation we derive and validate an explicit expression for this exponent whose magnitude is mainly governed by particles size for micronsized objects we found an exponent close to but smaller than one making capillary interactions a unique example of strong and very long ranged forces in the mesoscopic world
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711.1482
A Dual Gate Spin Field Effect Transistor With Very Low Switching Voltage and Large ON-to-OFF Conductance Ratio
We propose and analyze a novel dual-gate Spin Field Effect Transistor (SpinFET) with half-metallic ferromagnetic source and drain contacts. The transistor has two gate pads that can be biased independently. It can be switched ON or OFF with a few mV change in the differential bias between the two pads, resulting in extremely low dynamic power dissipation during switching. The ratio of ON to OFF conductance remains fairly large (~ 60) up to a temperature of 10 K. This device also has excellent inverter characteristics, making it attractive for applications in low power and high density Boolean logic circuits.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.other
we propose and analyze a novel dualgate spin field effect transistor spinfet with halfmetallic ferromagnetic source and drain contacts the transistor has two gate pads that can be biased independently it can be switched on or off with a few mv change in the differential bias between the two pads resulting in extremely low dynamic power dissipation during switching the ratio of on to off conductance remains fairly large 60 up to a temperature of 10 k this device also has excellent inverter characteristics making it attractive for applications in low power and high density boolean logic circuits
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711.1483
Dynamical creation of bosonic Cooper-like pairs
We propose a scheme to create a metastable state of paired bosonic atoms in an optical lattice. The most salient features of this state are that the wavefunction of each pair is a Bell state and that the pair size spans half the lattice, similar to fermionic Cooper pairs. This mesoscopic state can be created with a dynamical process that involves crossing a quantum phase transition and which is supported by the symmetries of the physical system. We characterize the final state by means of a measurable two-particle correlator that detects both the presence of the pairs and their size.
cond-mat.other cond-mat.quant-gas quant-ph
we propose a scheme to create a metastable state of paired bosonic atoms in an optical lattice the most salient features of this state are that the wavefunction of each pair is a bell state and that the pair size spans half the lattice similar to fermionic cooper pairs this mesoscopic state can be created with a dynamical process that involves crossing a quantum phase transition and which is supported by the symmetries of the physical system we characterize the final state by means of a measurable twoparticle correlator that detects both the presence of the pairs and their size
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711.1484
Geometry and Topology in Hamiltonian Dynamics and Statistical Mechanics
This submission has been withdrawn by arXiv administrators because it is incomplete and thus violates arXiv policy.
cond-mat.stat-mech
this submission has been withdrawn by arxiv administrators because it is incomplete and thus violates arxiv policy
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711.1485
Understanding the Charged Meson Z(4430)
The difference between Z(4430) as a $D^{*}D_1$ molecule and a tetraquark state and how to distinguish between them are discussed. We construct an effective Lagrangian with $D^{*}D_1$ contact interactions constrained by the heavy quark symmetry and chiral symmetry to study Z(4430). We find that if Z(4430) is a $D^{*}D_1$ molecule state, there should be a $B^{*}B_1$ bound state as well, and it mass is about 11048.6 MeV.
hep-ph
the difference between z4430 as a dd_1 molecule and a tetraquark state and how to distinguish between them are discussed we construct an effective lagrangian with dd_1 contact interactions constrained by the heavy quark symmetry and chiral symmetry to study z4430 we find that if z4430 is a dd_1 molecule state there should be a bb_1 bound state as well and it mass is about 110486 mev
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711.1486
Fundamental Conditions for N-th Order Accurate Lattice Boltzmann Models
In this paper, we theoretically prove a set of fundamental conditions pertaining discrete velocity sets and corresponding weights. These conditions provide sufficient conditions for a priori formulation of lattice Boltzmann models that automatically admit correct hydrodynamic moments up to any given N-th order.
physics.comp-ph physics.flu-dyn
in this paper we theoretically prove a set of fundamental conditions pertaining discrete velocity sets and corresponding weights these conditions provide sufficient conditions for a priori formulation of lattice boltzmann models that automatically admit correct hydrodynamic moments up to any given nth order
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711.1487
Osculating spaces and diophantine equations (with an appendix by Pietro Corvaja and Umberto Zannier)
This paper deals with some classical problems about the projective geometry of complex algebraic curves. We call \textit{locally toric} a projective curve that in a neighbourhood of every point has a local analytical parametrization of type $(t^{a_1},...,t^{a_n})$, with $a_1,..., a_n$ relatively prime positive integers. In this paper we prove that the general tangent line to a locally toric curve in $\bP^3$ meets the curve only at the point of tangency. This result extends and simplifies those of the paper \cite{kaji} by H.Kaji where the same result is proven for any curve in $\bP^3$ such that every branch is smooth. More generally, under mild hypotesis, up to a finite number of anomalous parametrizations $(t^{a_1},...,t^{a_n})$, the general osculating 2-space to a locally toric curve of genus $g<2$ in $\bP^4$ does not meet the curve again. The arithmetic part of the proof of this result relies on the Appendix \cite{cz:rk} to this paper. By means of the same methods we give some applications and we propose possible further developments.
math.AG math.NT
this paper deals with some classical problems about the projective geometry of complex algebraic curves we call textitlocally toric a projective curve that in a neighbourhood of every point has a local analytical parametrization of type ta_1ta_n with a_1 a_n relatively prime positive integers in this paper we prove that the general tangent line to a locally toric curve in bp3 meets the curve only at the point of tangency this result extends and simplifies those of the paper citekaji by hkaji where the same result is proven for any curve in bp3 such that every branch is smooth more generally under mild hypotesis up to a finite number of anomalous parametrizations ta_1ta_n the general osculating 2space to a locally toric curve of genus g2 in bp4 does not meet the curve again the arithmetic part of the proof of this result relies on the appendix citeczrk to this paper by means of the same methods we give some applications and we propose possible further developments
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711.1488
Theoretical study on isotopic shift in angle-resolved photoemission spectra of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8
We develop a path-integral theory to study the angle-resolved photoemission spectra (ARPES) of high-T_c superconductors based on a two-dimensional model for the CuO2 conduction plane, including both electron-electron (e-e) and electron-phonon (e-ph) interactions. Comparing our result with the experimental one of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8, we find that the experimentally observed isotopic band shift in ARPES is due to the off-diagonal quadratic e-ph coupling, whereas the presence of e-e repulsion partially suppresses this effect.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con
we develop a pathintegral theory to study the angleresolved photoemission spectra arpes of hight_c superconductors based on a twodimensional model for the cuo2 conduction plane including both electronelectron ee and electronphonon eph interactions comparing our result with the experimental one of bi2sr2cacu2o8 we find that the experimentally observed isotopic band shift in arpes is due to the offdiagonal quadratic eph coupling whereas the presence of ee repulsion partially suppresses this effect
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711.1489
Controlling spatiotemporal chaos in excitable media using an array of control points
The dynamics of activation waves in excitable media can give rise to spiral turbulence, the resulting spatiotemporal chaos being associated with empirical biological phenomena such as life-threatening disturbances in the natural rhythm of the heart. In this paper, we propose a spatially extended but non-global scheme using an array of control points for terminating such spatiotemporally chaotic excitations. A low-amplitude control signal is applied sequentially at each point on the array, resulting in a traveling wave of excitation in the underlying medium which drives away the turbulent activity. Our method is robust even in the presence of significant heterogeneities in the medium, which have often been an impediment to the success of other control schemes.
nlin.CD q-bio.TO
the dynamics of activation waves in excitable media can give rise to spiral turbulence the resulting spatiotemporal chaos being associated with empirical biological phenomena such as lifethreatening disturbances in the natural rhythm of the heart in this paper we propose a spatially extended but nonglobal scheme using an array of control points for terminating such spatiotemporally chaotic excitations a lowamplitude control signal is applied sequentially at each point on the array resulting in a traveling wave of excitation in the underlying medium which drives away the turbulent activity our method is robust even in the presence of significant heterogeneities in the medium which have often been an impediment to the success of other control schemes
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711.149
Summary of SLAC'S SEY Measurement On Flat Accelerator Wall Materials
The electron cloud effect (ECE) causes beam instabilities in accelerator structures with intense positively charged bunched beams. Reduction of the secondary electron yield (SEY) of the beam pipe inner wall is effective in controlling cloud formation. We summarize SEY results obtained from flat TiN, TiZrV and Al surfaces carried out in a laboratory environment. SEY was measured after thermal conditioning, as well as after low energy, less than 300 eV, particle exposure.
physics.acc-ph physics.gen-ph
the electron cloud effect ece causes beam instabilities in accelerator structures with intense positively charged bunched beams reduction of the secondary electron yield sey of the beam pipe inner wall is effective in controlling cloud formation we summarize sey results obtained from flat tin tizrv and al surfaces carried out in a laboratory environment sey was measured after thermal conditioning as well as after low energy less than 300 ev particle exposure
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711.1491
Integral-field spectroscopy of a Lyman-Break Galaxy at z=3.2: evidence for merging
We present spatially-resolved, rest-frame optical spectroscopy of a z~3 Lyman-break galaxy (LBG), Q0347-383 C5, obtained with SINFONI on the VLT. This galaxy, among the ~10% brightest LBGs, is only the second z~3 LBG observed with an integral-field spectrograph. It was first described by Pettini et al. (2001), who obtained WFPC2 F702W imaging and longslit spectroscopy in the K-band. We find that the emission line morphology is dominated by two unresolved blobs at a projected distance of ~5 kpc with a velocity offset of ~33 km s^-1. Velocity dispersions suggest that each blob has a mass of ~10^10 M_sun. Unlike Pettini et al. (2001), our spectra are deep enough to detect H-beta, and we derive star-formation rates of ~20-40 M_sun yr^-1, and use the H-beta/[OIII] ratio to crudely estimate an oxygen abundance 12+[O/H]=7.9-8.6, which is in the range typically observed for LBGs. We compare the properties of Q0347-383 C5 with what is found for other LBGs, including the gravitationally lensed ``arc+core'' galaxy (Nesvadba et al. 2006), and discuss possible scenarios for the nature of the source, namely disk rotation, a starburst-driven wind, disk fragmentation, and merging of two LBGs. We favor the merging interpretation or bright, extended LBGs like Q0347-383C5, in broad agreement with predicted merger rates from hierarchical models.
astro-ph
we present spatiallyresolved restframe optical spectroscopy of a z3 lymanbreak galaxy lbg q0347383 c5 obtained with sinfoni on the vlt this galaxy among the 10 brightest lbgs is only the second z3 lbg observed with an integralfield spectrograph it was first described by pettini et al 2001 who obtained wfpc2 f702w imaging and longslit spectroscopy in the kband we find that the emission line morphology is dominated by two unresolved blobs at a projected distance of 5 kpc with a velocity offset of 33 km s1 velocity dispersions suggest that each blob has a mass of 1010 m_sun unlike pettini et al 2001 our spectra are deep enough to detect hbeta and we derive starformation rates of 2040 m_sun yr1 and use the hbetaoiii ratio to crudely estimate an oxygen abundance 12oh7986 which is in the range typically observed for lbgs we compare the properties of q0347383 c5 with what is found for other lbgs including the gravitationally lensed arccore galaxy nesvadba et al 2006 and discuss possible scenarios for the nature of the source namely disk rotation a starburstdriven wind disk fragmentation and merging of two lbgs we favor the merging interpretation or bright extended lbgs like q0347383c5 in broad agreement with predicted merger rates from hierarchical models
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711.1492
Persistent Current for a genus g=2 structure
We report the first calculation of persistent current in two coupled rings which form a character ``8'' genus g=2 structure. We obtain an exact solution for the persistent current and investigated the exact solution numerically. For two large coupled rings with equal fluxes, we find that the persistent current in the two coupled rings is equal to that in a single ring. For opposite fluxes the energy has a chaotic structure. For both cases the periodicity is $h/e$. This results are obtained within an extension of Dirac's second class method to fermionic constraints. This theory can be tested in the ballistic regime.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we report the first calculation of persistent current in two coupled rings which form a character 8 genus g2 structure we obtain an exact solution for the persistent current and investigated the exact solution numerically for two large coupled rings with equal fluxes we find that the persistent current in the two coupled rings is equal to that in a single ring for opposite fluxes the energy has a chaotic structure for both cases the periodicity is he this results are obtained within an extension of diracs second class method to fermionic constraints this theory can be tested in the ballistic regime
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711.1493
The role of minor mergers in the recent star formation history of early-type galaxies
We demonstrate that the large scatter in the ultra-violet (UV) colours of intermediate-mass early-type galaxies in the local Universe and the inferred low-level recent star formation in these objects can be reproduced by minor mergers in the standard LCDM cosmology. Numerical simulations of mergers with mass ratios less than or equal to 1:4, with reasonable assumptions for the ages, metallicities and dust properties of the merger progenitors, produce good agreement to the observed UV colours of the early-type population, if the infalling satellites are assumed to have (cold) gas fractions greater than 20%. Early-types that satisfy (NUV-r) < 3.8 are likely to have experienced mergers with mass ratios between 1:4 and 1:6 within the last ~1.5 Gyrs, while those that satisfy 3.8<(NUV-r)<5.5 are consistent with either recent mergers with mass ratios < 1:6 or mergers with higher mass ratios that occurred more than ~1.5 Gyrs in the past. We demonstrate that the early-type colour-magnitude relations and colour distributions in both the UV and optical spectral ranges are consistent with the expected frequency of minor merging activity in the standard LCDM cosmology at low redshift. We present a strong plausibility argument for minor mergers to be the principal mechanism behind the large UV scatter and associated low-level recent star formation observed in early-type galaxies in the nearby Universe.
astro-ph
we demonstrate that the large scatter in the ultraviolet uv colours of intermediatemass earlytype galaxies in the local universe and the inferred lowlevel recent star formation in these objects can be reproduced by minor mergers in the standard lcdm cosmology numerical simulations of mergers with mass ratios less than or equal to 14 with reasonable assumptions for the ages metallicities and dust properties of the merger progenitors produce good agreement to the observed uv colours of the earlytype population if the infalling satellites are assumed to have cold gas fractions greater than 20 earlytypes that satisfy nuvr 38 are likely to have experienced mergers with mass ratios between 14 and 16 within the last 15 gyrs while those that satisfy 38nuvr55 are consistent with either recent mergers with mass ratios 16 or mergers with higher mass ratios that occurred more than 15 gyrs in the past we demonstrate that the earlytype colourmagnitude relations and colour distributions in both the uv and optical spectral ranges are consistent with the expected frequency of minor merging activity in the standard lcdm cosmology at low redshift we present a strong plausibility argument for minor mergers to be the principal mechanism behind the large uv scatter and associated lowlevel recent star formation observed in earlytype galaxies in the nearby universe
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711.1494
Rings graded equivalent to the Weyl algebra
We consider the first Weyl algebra, A, in the Euler gradation, and completely classify graded rings B that are graded equivalent to A: that is, the categories gr-A and gr-B are equivalent. This includes some surprising examples: in particular, we show that A is graded equivalent to an idealizer in a localization of A. We obtain this classification as an application of a general Morita-type characterization of equivalences of graded module categories.
math.RA
we consider the first weyl algebra a in the euler gradation and completely classify graded rings b that are graded equivalent to a that is the categories gra and grb are equivalent this includes some surprising examples in particular we show that a is graded equivalent to an idealizer in a localization of a we obtain this classification as an application of a general moritatype characterization of equivalences of graded module categories
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711.1495
V838 Monocerotis: A Geometric Distance from Hubble Space Telescope Polarimetric Imaging of its Light Echo
Following the outburst of the unusual variable star V838 Monocerotis in 2002, a spectacular light echo appeared. A light echo provides the possibility of direct geometric distance determination, because it should contain a ring of highly linearly polarized light at a linear radius of ct, where t is the time since the outburst. We present imaging polarimetry of the V838 Mon light echo, obtained in 2002 and 2005 with the Advanced Camera for Surveys onboard the Hubble Space Telescope, which confirms the presence of the highly polarized ring. Based on detailed modeling that takes into account the outburst light curve, the paraboloidal echo geometry, and the physics of dust scattering and polarization, we find a distance of 6.1+-0.6 kpc. The error is dominated by the systematic uncertainty in the scattering angle of maximum linear polarization, taken to be theta_{max}=90^o +- 5^o. The polarimetric distance agrees remarkably well with a distance of 6.2+-1.5 kpc obtained from the entirely independent method of main-sequence fitting to a sparse star cluster associated with V838 Mon. At this distance, V838 Mon at maximum light had M_V\simeq-9.8, making it temporarily one of the most luminous stars in the Local Group. Our validation of the polarimetric method offers promise for measurement of extragalactic distances using supernova light echoes.
astro-ph
following the outburst of the unusual variable star v838 monocerotis in 2002 a spectacular light echo appeared a light echo provides the possibility of direct geometric distance determination because it should contain a ring of highly linearly polarized light at a linear radius of ct where t is the time since the outburst we present imaging polarimetry of the v838 mon light echo obtained in 2002 and 2005 with the advanced camera for surveys onboard the hubble space telescope which confirms the presence of the highly polarized ring based on detailed modeling that takes into account the outburst light curve the paraboloidal echo geometry and the physics of dust scattering and polarization we find a distance of 6106 kpc the error is dominated by the systematic uncertainty in the scattering angle of maximum linear polarization taken to be theta_max90o 5o the polarimetric distance agrees remarkably well with a distance of 6215 kpc obtained from the entirely independent method of mainsequence fitting to a sparse star cluster associated with v838 mon at this distance v838 mon at maximum light had m_vsimeq98 making it temporarily one of the most luminous stars in the local group our validation of the polarimetric method offers promise for measurement of extragalactic distances using supernova light echoes
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711.1496
Mass gap in the 2D O(3) non-linear sigma model with a theta=pi term
By analytic continuation to real theta of data obtained from numerical simulation at imaginary theta we study the Haldane conjecture and show that the O(3) non-linear sigma model with a theta term in 2 dimensions becomes massless at theta=3.10(5). A modified cluster algorithm has been introduced to simulate the model with imaginary theta. Two different definitions of the topological charge on the lattice have been used; one of them needs renormalization to match the continuum operator. Our work also offers a successful test for numerical methods based on analytic continuation.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.other hep-lat
by analytic continuation to real theta of data obtained from numerical simulation at imaginary theta we study the haldane conjecture and show that the o3 nonlinear sigma model with a theta term in 2 dimensions becomes massless at theta3105 a modified cluster algorithm has been introduced to simulate the model with imaginary theta two different definitions of the topological charge on the lattice have been used one of them needs renormalization to match the continuum operator our work also offers a successful test for numerical methods based on analytic continuation
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711.1497
Chirality and $Z_2$ vortices in an Heisenberg spin model on the kagom\'e lattice
The phase diagram of the classical \jj model on the \kag lattice is investigated using extensive \mc simulations. In a realistic range of parameters, this model has a low-temperature chiral-ordered phase without long-range spin order. We show that the critical transition marking the destruction of chiral order is preempted by the first order proliferation of \Zdeux point defects. The core energy of these vortices appears to vanish when approaching the T=0 phase boundary, where both \Zdeux defects and gapless magnons contribute to disordering the system at very low temperature. This situation might be typical of a large class of frustrated magnets. Possible relevance for real materials is also discussed.
cond-mat.str-el
the phase diagram of the classical jj model on the kag lattice is investigated using extensive mc simulations in a realistic range of parameters this model has a lowtemperature chiralordered phase without longrange spin order we show that the critical transition marking the destruction of chiral order is preempted by the first order proliferation of zdeux point defects the core energy of these vortices appears to vanish when approaching the t0 phase boundary where both zdeux defects and gapless magnons contribute to disordering the system at very low temperature this situation might be typical of a large class of frustrated magnets possible relevance for real materials is also discussed
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711.1498
Magnetic field amplification in proto-neutron stars -- The role of the neutron-finger instability for dynamo excitation
During the first 40 s after their birth, proto-neutron stars are expected to be subject to at least two types of instability: the convective instability and the neutron-finger one. Both instabilities involve convective motions and hence can trigger dynamo actions which may be responsible for the large magnetic fields in neutron stars and magnetars. We have solved the mean-field induction equation in a simplified one-dimensional model of both the convective and the neutron-finger instability zones. Although very idealized, the model includes the nonlinearities introduced by the feedback processes which tend to saturate the growth of the magnetic field (alpha-quenching) and suppress its turbulent diffusion (eta-quenching). The possibility of a dynamo action is studied within a dynamical model of turbulent diffusivity where the boundary of the unstable zone is allowed to move. We show that the dynamo action can be operative and that the amplification of the magnetic field can still be very effective. Furthermore, we confirm the existence of a critical spin-period, below which the dynamo is always excited independently of the degree of differential rotation, and whose value is related to the size of the neutron-finger instability zone. Finally we provide a relation for the intensity of the final field as a function of the spin of the star and of its differential rotation. Although they were obtained by using a toy model, we expect that our results are able to capture the qualitative and asymptotic behaviour of a mean-field dynamo action developing in the neutron-finger instability zone. Overall, we find that such a dynamo is very efficient in producing magnetic fields well above equipartition and thus that it could represent a possible explanation for the large surface magnetic fields observed in neutron stars.
astro-ph
during the first 40 s after their birth protoneutron stars are expected to be subject to at least two types of instability the convective instability and the neutronfinger one both instabilities involve convective motions and hence can trigger dynamo actions which may be responsible for the large magnetic fields in neutron stars and magnetars we have solved the meanfield induction equation in a simplified onedimensional model of both the convective and the neutronfinger instability zones although very idealized the model includes the nonlinearities introduced by the feedback processes which tend to saturate the growth of the magnetic field alphaquenching and suppress its turbulent diffusion etaquenching the possibility of a dynamo action is studied within a dynamical model of turbulent diffusivity where the boundary of the unstable zone is allowed to move we show that the dynamo action can be operative and that the amplification of the magnetic field can still be very effective furthermore we confirm the existence of a critical spinperiod below which the dynamo is always excited independently of the degree of differential rotation and whose value is related to the size of the neutronfinger instability zone finally we provide a relation for the intensity of the final field as a function of the spin of the star and of its differential rotation although they were obtained by using a toy model we expect that our results are able to capture the qualitative and asymptotic behaviour of a meanfield dynamo action developing in the neutronfinger instability zone overall we find that such a dynamo is very efficient in producing magnetic fields well above equipartition and thus that it could represent a possible explanation for the large surface magnetic fields observed in neutron stars
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711.1499
Emission spectra of atoms with non-Markovian interaction: Fluorescence in a photonic crystal
We present a formula to evaluate the spontaneous emission spectra of an atom in contact with a radiation field with non-Markovian effects. This formula is written in terms of a two-time correlation of system observables and the environmental correlation function, and depends on the distance between the emitting atom and the detector. As an example, we use it to analyze the fluorescence spectra of a two level atom placed as an impurity in a photonic crystal. The radiation field within those materials has a gap or discontinuity where electromagnetic modes cannot propagate in the stationary limit. In that situation, the atomic emission occurs in the form of evanescent waves which are detected with less efficiency the farther we place the detector. The methodology presented in this paper may be useful to study the non-Markovian dynamics of any quantum open system in linear interaction with a harmonic oscillator reservoir and within the weak coupling approximation.
quant-ph
we present a formula to evaluate the spontaneous emission spectra of an atom in contact with a radiation field with nonmarkovian effects this formula is written in terms of a twotime correlation of system observables and the environmental correlation function and depends on the distance between the emitting atom and the detector as an example we use it to analyze the fluorescence spectra of a two level atom placed as an impurity in a photonic crystal the radiation field within those materials has a gap or discontinuity where electromagnetic modes cannot propagate in the stationary limit in that situation the atomic emission occurs in the form of evanescent waves which are detected with less efficiency the farther we place the detector the methodology presented in this paper may be useful to study the nonmarkovian dynamics of any quantum open system in linear interaction with a harmonic oscillator reservoir and within the weak coupling approximation
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711.15
Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations of Light Nuclei
During the last 15 years, there has been much progress in defining the nuclear Hamiltonian and applying quantum Monte Carlo methods to the calculation of light nuclei. I describe both aspects of this work and some recent results.
nucl-th
during the last 15 years there has been much progress in defining the nuclear hamiltonian and applying quantum monte carlo methods to the calculation of light nuclei i describe both aspects of this work and some recent results
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711.1501
On the phase dependence of a reversed quantum transitions
Physical nature of widely known Ramsey fringes phenomenon is discussed.
physics.gen-ph
physical nature of widely known ramsey fringes phenomenon is discussed
[['physical', 'nature', 'of', 'widely', 'known', 'ramsey', 'fringes', 'phenomenon', 'is', 'discussed']]
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711.1502
On the origin of the lightest Molybdenum isotopes
We discuss implications of recent precision measurements for the Rh93 proton separation energy for the production of the lightest molybdenum isotopes in proton-rich type II supernova ejecta. It has recently been shown that a novel neutrino-induced process makes these ejecta a promising site for the production of the light molybdenum isotopes and other "p-nuclei" with atomic mass near 100. The origin of these isotopes has long been uncertain. A distinguishing feature of nucleosynthesis in neutrino-irradiated outflows is that the relative production of Mo92 and Mo94 is set by a competition governed by the proton separation energy of Rh93. We use detailed nuclear network calculations and the recent experimental results for this proton separation energy to place constraints on the outflow characteristics that produce the lightest molybdenum isotopes in their solar proportions. It is found that for the conditions calculated in recent two-dimensional supernova simulations, and also for a large range of outflow characteristics around these conditions, the solar ratio of Mo92 to Mo94 cannot be achieved. This suggests that either proton-rich winds from type II supernova do not exclusively produce both isotopes, or that these winds are qualitatively different than calculated in today's supernova models.
astro-ph nucl-ex
we discuss implications of recent precision measurements for the rh93 proton separation energy for the production of the lightest molybdenum isotopes in protonrich type ii supernova ejecta it has recently been shown that a novel neutrinoinduced process makes these ejecta a promising site for the production of the light molybdenum isotopes and other pnuclei with atomic mass near 100 the origin of these isotopes has long been uncertain a distinguishing feature of nucleosynthesis in neutrinoirradiated outflows is that the relative production of mo92 and mo94 is set by a competition governed by the proton separation energy of rh93 we use detailed nuclear network calculations and the recent experimental results for this proton separation energy to place constraints on the outflow characteristics that produce the lightest molybdenum isotopes in their solar proportions it is found that for the conditions calculated in recent twodimensional supernova simulations and also for a large range of outflow characteristics around these conditions the solar ratio of mo92 to mo94 cannot be achieved this suggests that either protonrich winds from type ii supernova do not exclusively produce both isotopes or that these winds are qualitatively different than calculated in todays supernova models
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711.1503
Random matrix models for decoherence and fidelity decay in quantum information systems
This course aims to introduce the student to random matrix models for decoherence and fidelity decay. They present a very powerful alternate approach, that emphasizes the disordered character of many environments and uncontrollable perturbations/couplings. The inherent integrability of such models makes analytic studies possible. We limit our considerations to linear response treatment, as high fidelity and small decoherence are the backbone of quantum information processes. For fidelity decay, where experimental results are available, a comparison with experiments shows excellent agreement with random matrix theory predictions.
quant-ph
this course aims to introduce the student to random matrix models for decoherence and fidelity decay they present a very powerful alternate approach that emphasizes the disordered character of many environments and uncontrollable perturbationscouplings the inherent integrability of such models makes analytic studies possible we limit our considerations to linear response treatment as high fidelity and small decoherence are the backbone of quantum information processes for fidelity decay where experimental results are available a comparison with experiments shows excellent agreement with random matrix theory predictions
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711.1504
Superconductivity and topological Fermi surface transitions in electron-doped cuprates near optimal doping
We discuss evolution of the Fermi surface (FS) topology with doping in electron doped cuprates within the framework of a one-band Hubbard Hamiltonian, where antiferromagnetism and superconductivity are assumed to coexist in a uniform phase. In the lightly doped insulator, the FS consists of electron pockets around the $(\pi,0)$ points. The first change in the FS topology occurs in the optimally doped region when an additional hole pocket appears at the nodal point. The second change in topology takes place in the overdoped regime ($\sim18%$) where antiferromagnetism disappears and a large $(\pi,\pi)$-centered metallic FS is formed. Evidence for these two topological transitions is found in recent Hall effect and penetration depth experiments on Pr$_{2-x}$Ce$_{x}$CuO$_{4-\delta}$ (PCCO) and with a number of spectroscopic measurements on Nd$_{2-x}$Ce$_{x}$CuO$_{4-\delta}$ (NCCO).
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
we discuss evolution of the fermi surface fs topology with doping in electron doped cuprates within the framework of a oneband hubbard hamiltonian where antiferromagnetism and superconductivity are assumed to coexist in a uniform phase in the lightly doped insulator the fs consists of electron pockets around the pi0 points the first change in the fs topology occurs in the optimally doped region when an additional hole pocket appears at the nodal point the second change in topology takes place in the overdoped regime sim18 where antiferromagnetism disappears and a large pipicentered metallic fs is formed evidence for these two topological transitions is found in recent hall effect and penetration depth experiments on pr_2xce_xcuo_4delta pcco and with a number of spectroscopic measurements on nd_2xce_xcuo_4delta ncco
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711.1505
From Hopf to Neimark-Sacker bifurcation: a computational algorithm
We construct an algorithm for approximating the invariant tori created at a Neimark-Sacker bifurcation point. It is based on the same philosophy as many algorithms for approximating the periodic orbits created at a Hopf bifurcation point, i.e. a Fourier spectral method. For Neimark-Sacker bifurcation, however, we use a simple parametrisation of the tori in order to determine low-order approximations, and then utilise the information contained therein to develop a more general parametrisation suitable for computing higher-order approximations. Different algorithms, applicable to either autonomous or periodically-forced systems of differential equations, are obtained.
math.DS math.NA
we construct an algorithm for approximating the invariant tori created at a neimarksacker bifurcation point it is based on the same philosophy as many algorithms for approximating the periodic orbits created at a hopf bifurcation point ie a fourier spectral method for neimarksacker bifurcation however we use a simple parametrisation of the tori in order to determine loworder approximations and then utilise the information contained therein to develop a more general parametrisation suitable for computing higherorder approximations different algorithms applicable to either autonomous or periodicallyforced systems of differential equations are obtained
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711.1506
Unparticle Dark Matter
Once a parity is introduced in unparticle physics, under which unparticle provided in a hidden conformal sector is odd while all Standard Model particles are even, unparticle can be a suitable candidate for the cold dark matter (CDM) in the present universe through its coupling to the Standard Model Higgs doublet. We find that for Higgs boson mass in the range, 114.4 GeV < m_h < 250 GeV, the relic abundance of unparticle with mass 50 GeV < m_U < 80 GeV can be consistent with the currently observed CDM density. In this scenario, Higgs boson with mass m_h < 160 GeV dominantly decays into a pair of unparticles and such an invisible Higgs boson may be discovered in future collider experiments.
hep-ph astro-ph hep-ex hep-th
once a parity is introduced in unparticle physics under which unparticle provided in a hidden conformal sector is odd while all standard model particles are even unparticle can be a suitable candidate for the cold dark matter cdm in the present universe through its coupling to the standard model higgs doublet we find that for higgs boson mass in the range 1144 gev m_h 250 gev the relic abundance of unparticle with mass 50 gev m_u 80 gev can be consistent with the currently observed cdm density in this scenario higgs boson with mass m_h 160 gev dominantly decays into a pair of unparticles and such an invisible higgs boson may be discovered in future collider experiments
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711.1507
Inhomogeneous Coupling in Two-Channel Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Processes
Asymmetric exclusion processes for particles moving on parallel channels with inhomogeneous coupling are investigated theoretically. Particles interact with hard-core exclusion and move in the same direction on both lattices, while transitions between the channels is allowed at one specific location in the bulk of the system. An approximate theoretical approach that describes the dynamics in the vertical link and horizontal lattice segments exactly but neglects the correlation between the horizontal and vertical transport is developed. It allows us to calculate stationary phase diagrams, particle currents and densities for symmetric and asymmetric transitions between the channels. It is shown that in the case of the symmetric coupling there are three stationary phases, similarly to the case of single-channel totally asymmetric exclusion processes with local inhomogeneity. However, the asymmetric coupling between the lattices lead to a very complex phase diagram with ten stationary-state regimes. Extensive Monte Carlo computer simulations generally support theoretical predictions, although simulated stationary-state properties slightly deviate from calculated in the mean-field approximation, suggesting the importance of correlations in the system. Dynamic properties and phase diagrams are discussed by analyzing constraints on the particle currents across the channels.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.soft
asymmetric exclusion processes for particles moving on parallel channels with inhomogeneous coupling are investigated theoretically particles interact with hardcore exclusion and move in the same direction on both lattices while transitions between the channels is allowed at one specific location in the bulk of the system an approximate theoretical approach that describes the dynamics in the vertical link and horizontal lattice segments exactly but neglects the correlation between the horizontal and vertical transport is developed it allows us to calculate stationary phase diagrams particle currents and densities for symmetric and asymmetric transitions between the channels it is shown that in the case of the symmetric coupling there are three stationary phases similarly to the case of singlechannel totally asymmetric exclusion processes with local inhomogeneity however the asymmetric coupling between the lattices lead to a very complex phase diagram with ten stationarystate regimes extensive monte carlo computer simulations generally support theoretical predictions although simulated stationarystate properties slightly deviate from calculated in the meanfield approximation suggesting the importance of correlations in the system dynamic properties and phase diagrams are discussed by analyzing constraints on the particle currents across the channels
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