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711.2208
One Hub-One Process: A Tool Based View on Regulatory Network Topology
The relationship between the regulatory design and the functionality of molecular networks is a key issue in biology. Modules and motifs have been associated to various cellular processes, thereby providing anecdotal evidence for performance based localization on molecular networks. To quantify structure-function relationship we investigate similarities of proteins which are close in the regulatory network of the yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. We find that the topology of the regulatory network show weak remnants of its history of network reorganizations, but strong features of co-regulated proteins associated to similar tasks. This suggests that local topological features of regulatory networks, including broad degree distributions, emerge as an implicit result of matching a number of needed processes to a finite toolbox of proteins.
q-bio.MN cond-mat.soft
the relationship between the regulatory design and the functionality of molecular networks is a key issue in biology modules and motifs have been associated to various cellular processes thereby providing anecdotal evidence for performance based localization on molecular networks to quantify structurefunction relationship we investigate similarities of proteins which are close in the regulatory network of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae we find that the topology of the regulatory network show weak remnants of its history of network reorganizations but strong features of coregulated proteins associated to similar tasks this suggests that local topological features of regulatory networks including broad degree distributions emerge as an implicit result of matching a number of needed processes to a finite toolbox of proteins
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711.2209
Impact of Rotation on the Evolution of Low-Mass Stars
High precision photometry and spectroscopy of low-mass stars reveal a variety of properties standard stellar evolution cannot predict. Rotation, an essential ingredient of stellar evolution, is a step towards resolving the discrepancy between model predictions and observations. The first rotating stellar model, continuously tracing a low-mass star from the pre-main sequence onto the horizontal branch, is presented. The predicted luminosity functions of stars of globular clusters and surface rotation velocities on the horizontal branch are discussed.
astro-ph
high precision photometry and spectroscopy of lowmass stars reveal a variety of properties standard stellar evolution cannot predict rotation an essential ingredient of stellar evolution is a step towards resolving the discrepancy between model predictions and observations the first rotating stellar model continuously tracing a lowmass star from the premain sequence onto the horizontal branch is presented the predicted luminosity functions of stars of globular clusters and surface rotation velocities on the horizontal branch are discussed
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711.221
Properties of high-degree oscillation modes of the Sun observed with Hinode/SOT
Aims. With the Solar Optical Telescope on Hinode, we investigate the basic properties of high-degree solar oscillations observed at two levels in the solar atmosphere, in the G-band (formed in the photosphere) and in the Ca II H line (chromospheric emission). Methods. We analyzed the data by calculating the individual power spectra as well as the cross-spectral properties, i.e., coherence and phase shift. The observational properties are compared with a simple theoretical model, which includes the effects of correlated noise. Results. The results reveal significant frequency shifts between the Ca II H and G-band spectra, in particular above the acoustic cut-off frequency for pseudo-modes. The cross-spectrum phase shows peaks associated with the acoustic oscillation (p-mode) lines, and begins to increase with frequency around the acoustic cut-off. However, we find no phase shift for the (surface gravity wave) f-mode. The observed properties for the p-modes are qualitatively reproduced in a simple model with a correlated background if the correlated noise level in the Ca II H data is higher than in the G-band data. These results suggest that multi-wavelength observations of solar oscillations, in combination with the traditional intensity-velocity observations, may help to determine the level of the correlated background noise and to determine the type of wave excitation sources on the Sun.
astro-ph
aims with the solar optical telescope on hinode we investigate the basic properties of highdegree solar oscillations observed at two levels in the solar atmosphere in the gband formed in the photosphere and in the ca ii h line chromospheric emission methods we analyzed the data by calculating the individual power spectra as well as the crossspectral properties ie coherence and phase shift the observational properties are compared with a simple theoretical model which includes the effects of correlated noise results the results reveal significant frequency shifts between the ca ii h and gband spectra in particular above the acoustic cutoff frequency for pseudomodes the crossspectrum phase shows peaks associated with the acoustic oscillation pmode lines and begins to increase with frequency around the acoustic cutoff however we find no phase shift for the surface gravity wave fmode the observed properties for the pmodes are qualitatively reproduced in a simple model with a correlated background if the correlated noise level in the ca ii h data is higher than in the gband data these results suggest that multiwavelength observations of solar oscillations in combination with the traditional intensityvelocity observations may help to determine the level of the correlated background noise and to determine the type of wave excitation sources on the sun
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711.2211
Symplectic critical surfaces in K\"ahler surfaces
Let $M$ be a K\"ahler surface and $\Sigma$ be a closed symplectic surface which is smoothly immersed in $M$. Let $\alpha$ be the K\"ahler angle of $\Sigma$ in $M$. We first deduce the Euler-Lagrange equation of the functional $L=\int_{\Sigma}\frac{1}{\cos\alpha}d\mu$ in the class of symplectic surfaces. It is $\cos^3\alpha H=(J(J\nabla\cos\alpha)^\top)^\bot$, where $H$ is the mean curvature vector of $\Sigma$ in $M$, $J$ is the complex structure compatible with the K\"ahler form $\omega$ in $M$, which is an elliptic equation. We then study the properties of the equation.
math.DG math.SG
let m be a kahler surface and sigma be a closed symplectic surface which is smoothly immersed in m let alpha be the kahler angle of sigma in m we first deduce the eulerlagrange equation of the functional lint_sigmafrac1cosalphadmu in the class of symplectic surfaces it is cos3alpha hjjnablacosalphatopbot where h is the mean curvature vector of sigma in m j is the complex structure compatible with the kahler form omega in m which is an elliptic equation we then study the properties of the equation
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711.2212
Schelling's Segregation Model: Parameters, Scaling, and Aggregation
Thomas Schelling proposed an influential simple spatial model to illustrate how, even with relatively mild assumptions on each individual's nearest neighbor preferences, an integrated city would likely unravel to a segregated city, even if all individuals prefer integration. Aggregation relates to individuals coming together to form groups and global aggregation corresponds to segregation. Many authors assumed that the segregation which Schelling observed in simulations on very small cities persists for larger, realistic size cities. We devise new measures to quantify the segregation and unlock its dependence on city size, disparate neighbor comfortability threshold, and population density. We identify distinct scales of global aggregation, and show that the striking global aggregation Schelling observed is strictly a small city phenomenon. We also discover several scaling laws for the aggregation measures.
nlin.AO nlin.CG
thomas schelling proposed an influential simple spatial model to illustrate how even with relatively mild assumptions on each individuals nearest neighbor preferences an integrated city would likely unravel to a segregated city even if all individuals prefer integration aggregation relates to individuals coming together to form groups and global aggregation corresponds to segregation many authors assumed that the segregation which schelling observed in simulations on very small cities persists for larger realistic size cities we devise new measures to quantify the segregation and unlock its dependence on city size disparate neighbor comfortability threshold and population density we identify distinct scales of global aggregation and show that the striking global aggregation schelling observed is strictly a small city phenomenon we also discover several scaling laws for the aggregation measures
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711.2213
Radiative Transfer in Special Relativity: Covariance
The purpose is to introduce in a clear and direct way the students of undergraduate courses in physics and/or astronomy to the subject of radiative transfer. A pedagogical revision is made in order to obtain the radiative transfer equation, its restrictions and the different types of interactions present between the radiation and the matter. Because in the classical literature about radiative transfer the covariance is not fully developed, we show in an explicit manner detail calculations and then we discuss the relativistic effects.
astro-ph
the purpose is to introduce in a clear and direct way the students of undergraduate courses in physics andor astronomy to the subject of radiative transfer a pedagogical revision is made in order to obtain the radiative transfer equation its restrictions and the different types of interactions present between the radiation and the matter because in the classical literature about radiative transfer the covariance is not fully developed we show in an explicit manner detail calculations and then we discuss the relativistic effects
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711.2214
Thermodynamical description of the interaction between holographic dark energy and dark matter
We present a thermodynamical description of the interaction between holographic dark energy and dark matter. If holographic dark energy and dark matter evolve separately, each of them remains in thermodynamic equilibrium. A small interaction between them may be viewed as a stable thermal fluctuation that brings a logarithmic correction to the equilibrium entropy. From this correction we obtain a physical expression for the interaction which is consistent with phenomenological descriptions and passes reasonably well the observational tests.
hep-th astro-ph gr-qc
we present a thermodynamical description of the interaction between holographic dark energy and dark matter if holographic dark energy and dark matter evolve separately each of them remains in thermodynamic equilibrium a small interaction between them may be viewed as a stable thermal fluctuation that brings a logarithmic correction to the equilibrium entropy from this correction we obtain a physical expression for the interaction which is consistent with phenomenological descriptions and passes reasonably well the observational tests
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711.2215
Soft X-ray emissions of highly charged Si VII--Si XII in cool star--Procyon
Different observation data for cool star--Procyon (Obs\_IDs of 63, 1461 and 1224) available from {\it Chandra Data Public Archive} were co-added and analyzed. Emissivities of emission lines of highly charged silicon ions (Si VII--Si XII) were calculated over temperatures by adopting the published data of Liang et al. (2007, {\it Atom. Data and Nucl. Data Tables}, {\bf 93}, 375). Using the emission measure derived by Raassen et al. (2002, A&A, {\bf 389}, 228), the theoretical line fluxes are predicted, and the theoretical spectra are constructed by assuming the Gaussian profile with instrumental broadening (0.06 \AA). By detailed comparison between observation and predictions, several emissions lines are identified firstly such as emissions at 43.663 \AA (Si XI), 45.550 \AA (Si XII), 46.179 \AA (Si VIII), 50.874 \AA (Si X), 64.668 \AA (Si IX), and 73.189 \AA (Si VII) etc. Several emission lines are re-assigned in this work, such as the emission line at 52.594 \AA to Si X (52.612 \AA), at 69.641 \AA to the blending of Si VII (69.632 \AA) and Si VIII (69.664 \AA) lines, as well as at 70.050 \AA to Si VII (70.027 \AA). The prediction reveals the large discrepancies between the $3s$--$2p$ line (63.715 \AA) {\it versus} 3d--$2p$ line (61.012 \AA) again for lower charge stage Si VIII. Solar flare observation is also added for the assessment of present calculation. Different assignments for some lines between Procyon and solar flare, have been found to be due to the hotter emitter in Sun than in Procyon coronae.
astro-ph
different observation data for cool starprocyon obs_ids of 63 1461 and 1224 available from it chandra data public archive were coadded and analyzed emissivities of emission lines of highly charged silicon ions si viisi xii were calculated over temperatures by adopting the published data of liang et al 2007 it atom data and nucl data tables bf 93 375 using the emission measure derived by raassen et al 2002 aa bf 389 228 the theoretical line fluxes are predicted and the theoretical spectra are constructed by assuming the gaussian profile with instrumental broadening 006 aa by detailed comparison between observation and predictions several emissions lines are identified firstly such as emissions at 43663 aa si xi 45550 aa si xii 46179 aa si viii 50874 aa si x 64668 aa si ix and 73189 aa si vii etc several emission lines are reassigned in this work such as the emission line at 52594 aa to si x 52612 aa at 69641 aa to the blending of si vii 69632 aa and si viii 69664 aa lines as well as at 70050 aa to si vii 70027 aa the prediction reveals the large discrepancies between the 3s2p line 63715 aa it versus 3d2p line 61012 aa again for lower charge stage si viii solar flare observation is also added for the assessment of present calculation different assignments for some lines between procyon and solar flare have been found to be due to the hotter emitter in sun than in procyon coronae
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711.2216
Comments on TPC and RPC calibrations reported by the HARP Collaboration
The HARP Collaboration recently published calibrations of their TPC and RPC detectors, and differential cross-sections of large-angle pion production in proton-nucleus collisions. We argue that these calibrations are biased and cross-sections based on them should not be trusted.
hep-ex
the harp collaboration recently published calibrations of their tpc and rpc detectors and differential crosssections of largeangle pion production in protonnucleus collisions we argue that these calibrations are biased and crosssections based on them should not be trusted
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711.2217
Time propagation of constrained coupled Gaussian wave packets
The dynamics of quantum systems can be approximated by the time propagation of Gaussian wave packets. Applying a time dependent variational principle, the time evolution of the parameters of the coupled Gaussian wave packets can be calculated from a set of ordinary differential equations. Unfortunately, the set of equations is ill-behaved in most practical applications, depending on the number of propagated Gaussian wave packets, and methods for regularization are needed. We present a general method for regularization based on applying adequate nonholonomic inequality constraints to the evolution of the parameters, keeping the equations of motion well-behaved. The power of the method is demonstrated for a non-integrable system with two degrees of freedom.
quant-ph
the dynamics of quantum systems can be approximated by the time propagation of gaussian wave packets applying a time dependent variational principle the time evolution of the parameters of the coupled gaussian wave packets can be calculated from a set of ordinary differential equations unfortunately the set of equations is illbehaved in most practical applications depending on the number of propagated gaussian wave packets and methods for regularization are needed we present a general method for regularization based on applying adequate nonholonomic inequality constraints to the evolution of the parameters keeping the equations of motion wellbehaved the power of the method is demonstrated for a nonintegrable system with two degrees of freedom
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711.2218
First order operators and boundary triples
The aim of the present paper is to introduce a first order approach to the abstract concept of boundary triples for Laplace operators. Our main application is the Laplace operator on a manifold with boundary; a case in which the ordinary concept of boundary triples does not apply directly. In our first order approach, we show that we can use the usual boundary operators also in the abstract Green's formula. Another motivation for the first order approach is to give an intrinsic definition of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map and intrinsic norms on the corresponding boundary spaces. We also show how the first order boundary triples can be used to define a usual boundary triple leading to a Dirac operator.
math.SP math-ph math.AP math.FA math.MP
the aim of the present paper is to introduce a first order approach to the abstract concept of boundary triples for laplace operators our main application is the laplace operator on a manifold with boundary a case in which the ordinary concept of boundary triples does not apply directly in our first order approach we show that we can use the usual boundary operators also in the abstract greens formula another motivation for the first order approach is to give an intrinsic definition of the dirichlettoneumann map and intrinsic norms on the corresponding boundary spaces we also show how the first order boundary triples can be used to define a usual boundary triple leading to a dirac operator
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711.2219
Gravitational dynamics of an infinite shuffled lattice: early time evolution and universality of non-linear correlations
In two recent articles a detailed study has been presented of the out of equilibrium dynamics of an infinite system of self-gravitating points initially located on a randomly perturbed lattice. In this article we extend the treatment of the early time phase during which strong non-linear correlations first develop, prior to the onset of ``self-similar'' scaling in the two point correlation function. We establish more directly, using appropriate modifications of the numerical integration, that the development of these correlations can be well described by an approximation of the evolution in two phases: a first perturbative phase in which particles' displacements are small compared to the lattice spacing, and a subsequent phase in which particles interact only with their nearest neighbor. For the range of initial amplitudes considered we show that the first phase can be well approximated as a transformation of the perturbed lattice configuration into a Poisson distribution at the relevant scales. This appears to explain the ``universality'' of the spatial dependence of the asymptotic non-linear clustering observed from both shuffled lattice and Poisson initial conditions.
cond-mat.stat-mech astro-ph
in two recent articles a detailed study has been presented of the out of equilibrium dynamics of an infinite system of selfgravitating points initially located on a randomly perturbed lattice in this article we extend the treatment of the early time phase during which strong nonlinear correlations first develop prior to the onset of selfsimilar scaling in the two point correlation function we establish more directly using appropriate modifications of the numerical integration that the development of these correlations can be well described by an approximation of the evolution in two phases a first perturbative phase in which particles displacements are small compared to the lattice spacing and a subsequent phase in which particles interact only with their nearest neighbor for the range of initial amplitudes considered we show that the first phase can be well approximated as a transformation of the perturbed lattice configuration into a poisson distribution at the relevant scales this appears to explain the universality of the spatial dependence of the asymptotic nonlinear clustering observed from both shuffled lattice and poisson initial conditions
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711.222
Gel-forming patchy colloids and network glass formers: Thermodynamic and Dynamic analogies
This article discusses recent attempts to provide a deeper understanding of the thermoreversible "gel" state of colloidal matter and to unravel the analogies between gels at the colloidal level and gels at the molecular level, commonly known as network-forming strong liquids. The connection between gel-forming patchy colloids and strong liquids is provided by the limited valence of the inter-particle interactions, i.e. by the presence of a limit in the number of bonded nearest neighbors.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
this article discusses recent attempts to provide a deeper understanding of the thermoreversible gel state of colloidal matter and to unravel the analogies between gels at the colloidal level and gels at the molecular level commonly known as networkforming strong liquids the connection between gelforming patchy colloids and strong liquids is provided by the limited valence of the interparticle interactions ie by the presence of a limit in the number of bonded nearest neighbors
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711.2221
Epitaxial aluminium-nitride tunnel barriers grown by nitridation with a plasma source
High critical current-density (10 to 420 kA/cm^2) superconductor-insulator-superconductor tunnel junctions with aluminium nitride barriers have been realized using a remote nitrogen plasma from an inductively coupled plasma source operated in a pressure range of 10^{-3} to 10^{-1} mbar. We find a much better reproducibility and control compared to previous work. From the current-voltage characteristics and cross-sectional TEM images it is inferred that, compared to the commonly used AlO_x barriers, the poly-crystalline AlN barriers are much more uniform in transmissivity, leading to a better quality at high critical current-densities.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.supr-con
high critical currentdensity 10 to 420 kacm2 superconductorinsulatorsuperconductor tunnel junctions with aluminium nitride barriers have been realized using a remote nitrogen plasma from an inductively coupled plasma source operated in a pressure range of 103 to 101 mbar we find a much better reproducibility and control compared to previous work from the currentvoltage characteristics and crosssectional tem images it is inferred that compared to the commonly used alo_x barriers the polycrystalline aln barriers are much more uniform in transmissivity leading to a better quality at high critical currentdensities
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711.2222
X-ray afterglow light curves : toward standard candle ?
We investigate the clustering of afterglow light curves observed at X-ray and optical wavelengths. We have constructed a sample of 61 bursts with known dis tance and X-ray afterglow. This sample includes bursts observed by BeppoSAX, XMM-Newton, Chandra, and SWIFT. We correct the light curves for cosmological ef fects and compare the observed X-ray fluxes one day after the burst. We check for correlations between the observed flux and the burst spectral and temporal properties. We confirm the previous result of Boer and Gendre (2000) that X-ray afterglow light curves cluster in luminosity, even when we consider the l ast SWIFT data. We observe this clustering only for the afterglow light curves; the inclusion of prompt-related data broaden the distribution. A similar clu stering is observed for the optical light curves; GRB sources can be divided in three classes, namely optical and X-ray bright afterglows, optical and X-ray dim ones, and optically bright -X-ray dim ones. We argue that this clustering is related to the fireball total energy, the external medium density, the fraction of fireball energy going in relativistic electrons and magnetic fields. These parameters can be either fixed to a standard va lue, or correlated. We finally propose a method for the estimation of the GRB source redshift based on the observed X-ray flux one day after the burst and optical properties. Using this method, we compute a redshift of 1.4 +/- 0.2 for GRB 980519 and of 1.9 \+/- 0.3 for GRB 040827. We tested this method on three recently detected SWIFT GRBs with known redshift, and found it in good agreement with the reported distance from optical spectroscopy .
astro-ph
we investigate the clustering of afterglow light curves observed at xray and optical wavelengths we have constructed a sample of 61 bursts with known dis tance and xray afterglow this sample includes bursts observed by bepposax xmmnewton chandra and swift we correct the light curves for cosmological ef fects and compare the observed xray fluxes one day after the burst we check for correlations between the observed flux and the burst spectral and temporal properties we confirm the previous result of boer and gendre 2000 that xray afterglow light curves cluster in luminosity even when we consider the l ast swift data we observe this clustering only for the afterglow light curves the inclusion of promptrelated data broaden the distribution a similar clu stering is observed for the optical light curves grb sources can be divided in three classes namely optical and xray bright afterglows optical and xray dim ones and optically bright xray dim ones we argue that this clustering is related to the fireball total energy the external medium density the fraction of fireball energy going in relativistic electrons and magnetic fields these parameters can be either fixed to a standard va lue or correlated we finally propose a method for the estimation of the grb source redshift based on the observed xray flux one day after the burst and optical properties using this method we compute a redshift of 14 02 for grb 980519 and of 19 03 for grb 040827 we tested this method on three recently detected swift grbs with known redshift and found it in good agreement with the reported distance from optical spectroscopy
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711.2223
Pattern avoidance and the Bruhat order on involutions
We show that the principal order ideal below an element w in the Bruhat order on involutions in a symmetric group is a Boolean lattice if and only if w avoids the patterns 4321, 45312 and 456123. Similar criteria for signed permutations are also stated. Involutions with this property are enumerated with respect to natural statistics. In this context, a bijective correspondence with certain Motzkin paths is demonstrated.
math.CO
we show that the principal order ideal below an element w in the bruhat order on involutions in a symmetric group is a boolean lattice if and only if w avoids the patterns 4321 45312 and 456123 similar criteria for signed permutations are also stated involutions with this property are enumerated with respect to natural statistics in this context a bijective correspondence with certain motzkin paths is demonstrated
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711.2224
A smooth foliation of convex hypersurfaces for quasi-hyper-Fuchsian manifolds
This submission has been withdrawn by the author and superseded by arXiv:0804.0744.
math.DG
this submission has been withdrawn by the author and superseded by arxiv08040744
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711.2225
On maximally superintegrable systems
Locally any completely integrable system is maximally superintegrable system such as we have the necessary number of the action-angle variables. The main problem is the construction of the single-valued additional integrals of motion on the whole phase space by using these multi-valued action-angle variables. Some constructions of the additional integrals of motion for the St\"ackel systems and for the integrable systems related with two different quadratic $r$-matrix algebras are discussed. Among these system there are the open Heisenberg magnet and the open Toda lattices associated with the different root systems.
nlin.SI
locally any completely integrable system is maximally superintegrable system such as we have the necessary number of the actionangle variables the main problem is the construction of the singlevalued additional integrals of motion on the whole phase space by using these multivalued actionangle variables some constructions of the additional integrals of motion for the stackel systems and for the integrable systems related with two different quadratic rmatrix algebras are discussed among these system there are the open heisenberg magnet and the open toda lattices associated with the different root systems
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711.2226
Neutrino Lumps in Quintessence Cosmology
Neutrinos interacting with the quintessence field can trigger the accelerated expansion of the Universe. In such models with a growing neutrino mass the homogeneous cosmological solution is often unstable to perturbations. We present static, spherically symmetric solutions of the Einstein equations in the same models. They describe astophysical objects composed of neutrinos, held together by gravity and the attractive force mediated by the quintessence field. We discuss their characteristics as a function of the present neutrino mass. We suggest that these objects are the likely outcome of the growth of cosmological perturbations.
astro-ph hep-ph hep-th
neutrinos interacting with the quintessence field can trigger the accelerated expansion of the universe in such models with a growing neutrino mass the homogeneous cosmological solution is often unstable to perturbations we present static spherically symmetric solutions of the einstein equations in the same models they describe astophysical objects composed of neutrinos held together by gravity and the attractive force mediated by the quintessence field we discuss their characteristics as a function of the present neutrino mass we suggest that these objects are the likely outcome of the growth of cosmological perturbations
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711.2227
Dynamic states of cells adhering in shear flow: from slipping to rolling
Motivated by rolling adhesion of white blood cells in the vasculature, we study how cells move in linear shear flow above a wall to which they can adhere via specific receptor-ligand bonds. Our computer simulations are based on a Langevin equation accounting for hydrodynamic interactions, thermal fluctuations and adhesive interactions. In contrast to earlier approaches, our model not only includes stochastic rules for the formation and rupture of bonds, but also fully resolves both receptor and ligand positions. We identify five different dynamic states of motion in regard to the translational and angular velocities of the cell. The transitions between the different states are mapped out in a dynamic state diagram as a function of the rates for bond formation and rupture. For example, as the cell starts to adhere under the action of bonds, its translational and angular velocities become synchronized and the dynamic state changes from slipping to rolling. We also investigate the effect of non-molecular parameters. In particular, we find that an increase in viscosity of the medium leads to a characteristic expansion of the region of stable rolling to the expense of the region of firm adhesion, but not to the expense of the regions of free or transient motion. Our results can be used in an inverse approach to determine single bond parameters from flow chamber data on rolling adhesion.
q-bio.CB q-bio.SC
motivated by rolling adhesion of white blood cells in the vasculature we study how cells move in linear shear flow above a wall to which they can adhere via specific receptorligand bonds our computer simulations are based on a langevin equation accounting for hydrodynamic interactions thermal fluctuations and adhesive interactions in contrast to earlier approaches our model not only includes stochastic rules for the formation and rupture of bonds but also fully resolves both receptor and ligand positions we identify five different dynamic states of motion in regard to the translational and angular velocities of the cell the transitions between the different states are mapped out in a dynamic state diagram as a function of the rates for bond formation and rupture for example as the cell starts to adhere under the action of bonds its translational and angular velocities become synchronized and the dynamic state changes from slipping to rolling we also investigate the effect of nonmolecular parameters in particular we find that an increase in viscosity of the medium leads to a characteristic expansion of the region of stable rolling to the expense of the region of firm adhesion but not to the expense of the regions of free or transient motion our results can be used in an inverse approach to determine single bond parameters from flow chamber data on rolling adhesion
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711.2228
Isolated large amplitude periodic motions of towed rigid wheels
This study investigates a low degree-of-freedom (DoF) mechanical model of shimmying wheels. The model is studied using bifurcation theory and numerical continuation. Self-excited vibrations, that is, stable and unstable periodic motions of the wheel, are detected with the help of Hopf bifurcation calculations. These oscillations are then followed over a large parameter range for different damping values by means of the software package AUTO97. For certain parameter regions, the branches representing large amplitude stable and unstable periodic motions become isolated following an isola birth. These regions are extremely dangerous from an engineering view-point if they are not identified and avoided at the design stage.
nlin.CD
this study investigates a low degreeoffreedom dof mechanical model of shimmying wheels the model is studied using bifurcation theory and numerical continuation selfexcited vibrations that is stable and unstable periodic motions of the wheel are detected with the help of hopf bifurcation calculations these oscillations are then followed over a large parameter range for different damping values by means of the software package auto97 for certain parameter regions the branches representing large amplitude stable and unstable periodic motions become isolated following an isola birth these regions are extremely dangerous from an engineering viewpoint if they are not identified and avoided at the design stage
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711.2229
Properties of holons in the Quantum Dimer Model
I introduce a doped two-dimensional quantum dimer model describing a doped Mott insulator and retaining the original Fermi statistics of the electrons. This model shows a rich phase diagram including a d-wave hole-pair unconventional superconductor at small enough doping and a bosonic superfluid at large doping. The hole kinetic energy is shown to favor binding of topological defects to the bare fermionic holons turning them into bosons, in agreement with arguments based on RVB wave-functions. Results are discussed in the context of cuprates superconductors.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con
i introduce a doped twodimensional quantum dimer model describing a doped mott insulator and retaining the original fermi statistics of the electrons this model shows a rich phase diagram including a dwave holepair unconventional superconductor at small enough doping and a bosonic superfluid at large doping the hole kinetic energy is shown to favor binding of topological defects to the bare fermionic holons turning them into bosons in agreement with arguments based on rvb wavefunctions results are discussed in the context of cuprates superconductors
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711.223
Joint excitation probability for two harmonic oscillators in dimension one and the Mott problem
We analyze a one dimensional quantum system consisting of a test particle interacting with two harmonic oscillators placed at the positions $a_1$, $a_2$, with $a_1 >0$, $|a_2|>a_1$, in the two possible situations: $a_2>0$ and $a_2 <0$. At time zero the harmonic oscillators are in their ground state and the test particle is in a superposition state of two wave packets centered in the origin with opposite mean momentum. %$\pm M v_0$. Under suitable assumptions on the physical parameters of the model, we consider the time evolution of the wave function and we compute the probability $\mathcal{P}^{-}_{n_1 n_2} (t)$ (resp. $\mathcal{P}^{+}_{n_1 n_2} (t)$) that both oscillators are in the excited states labelled by $n_1$, $n_2 >0$ at time $t > |a_2| v_0^{-1}$ when $a_2 <0$ (resp. $a_2 >0$). We prove that $\mathcal{P}_{n_1 n_2}^- (t)$ is negligible with respect to $\mathcal{P}_{n_1 n_2}^+ (t)$, up to second order in time dependent perturbation theory. The system we consider is a simplified, one dimensional version of the original model of a cloud chamber introduced by Mott in \cite{m}, where the result was argued using euristic arguments in the framework of the time independent perturbation theory for the stationary Schr\"{o}dinger equation. The method of the proof is entirely elementary and it is essentially based on a stationary phase argument. We also remark that all the computations refer to the Schr\"{o}dinger equation for the three-particle system, with no reference to the wave packet collapse postulate.
quant-ph math-ph math.MP
we analyze a one dimensional quantum system consisting of a test particle interacting with two harmonic oscillators placed at the positions a_1 a_2 with a_1 0 a_2a_1 in the two possible situations a_20 and a_2 0 at time zero the harmonic oscillators are in their ground state and the test particle is in a superposition state of two wave packets centered in the origin with opposite mean momentum pm m v_0 under suitable assumptions on the physical parameters of the model we consider the time evolution of the wave function and we compute the probability mathcalp_n_1 n_2 t resp mathcalp_n_1 n_2 t that both oscillators are in the excited states labelled by n_1 n_2 0 at time t a_2 v_01 when a_2 0 resp a_2 0 we prove that mathcalp_n_1 n_2 t is negligible with respect to mathcalp_n_1 n_2 t up to second order in time dependent perturbation theory the system we consider is a simplified one dimensional version of the original model of a cloud chamber introduced by mott in citem where the result was argued using euristic arguments in the framework of the time independent perturbation theory for the stationary schrodinger equation the method of the proof is entirely elementary and it is essentially based on a stationary phase argument we also remark that all the computations refer to the schrodinger equation for the threeparticle system with no reference to the wave packet collapse postulate
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711.2231
Elastic proton-proton and proton-antiproton scattering: analysis of complete set of helicity amplitudes
The differential cross-sections are calculated for proton-proton and proton-antiproton elastic scattering using the phenomenological model based on the analytic parameterizations for global scattering parameters (total cross-section and $\rho$ - parameter), crossing symmetry and derivative relations. We confront our model predictions with experimental data in wide range of energy and momentum transfer. The suggested method may be useful for PAX Program (GSI) as well as for high-energy experiments at RHIC and LHC.
hep-ph
the differential crosssections are calculated for protonproton and protonantiproton elastic scattering using the phenomenological model based on the analytic parameterizations for global scattering parameters total crosssection and rho parameter crossing symmetry and derivative relations we confront our model predictions with experimental data in wide range of energy and momentum transfer the suggested method may be useful for pax program gsi as well as for highenergy experiments at rhic and lhc
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711.2232
Electromagnetically induced transparency in two channels of a $\Lambda$ system
We show two channel electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra at various optical power. The two channels are coupling field and probe field absorption. It is shown that EIT width and intensity increases linearly with pump power. A density matrix calculation is used to determine nature of EIT spectra induced by optical field. It has been observed that EIT occurs in cases when coupling laser is at fixed frequency while probe laser frequency is scanned, when coupling laser is frequency scanned and probe is at fixed frequency.
physics.optics physics.atom-ph
we show two channel electromagnetically induced transparency eit spectra at various optical power the two channels are coupling field and probe field absorption it is shown that eit width and intensity increases linearly with pump power a density matrix calculation is used to determine nature of eit spectra induced by optical field it has been observed that eit occurs in cases when coupling laser is at fixed frequency while probe laser frequency is scanned when coupling laser is frequency scanned and probe is at fixed frequency
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711.2233
Parity-violating two-pion exchange nucleon-nucleon interaction
We calculate in chiral perturbation theory the parity-violating two-pion exchange nucleon-nucleon potentials at leading one-loop order. At a distance of $r= m_\pi^{-1} \simeq 1.4 $fm they amount to about $\pm 16%$ of the parity-violating $1\pi$-exchange potential. We evaluate also the parity-violating effects arising from $2\pi$-exchange with excitation of virtual $\Delta(1232)$-isobars. These come out to be relatively small in comparison to those from diagrams with only nucleon intermediate states. The reason for this opposite behavior to the parity-conserving case is the blocking of the dominant isoscalar central channel by CP-invariance. Furthermore, we calculate the T-matrix related to the iteration of the parity-violating $1\pi$-exchange with the parity-conserving one. The analytical results presented in this work can be easily implemented into calculations of parity-violating nuclear observables.
nucl-th
we calculate in chiral perturbation theory the parityviolating twopion exchange nucleonnucleon potentials at leading oneloop order at a distance of r m_pi1 simeq 14 fm they amount to about pm 16 of the parityviolating 1piexchange potential we evaluate also the parityviolating effects arising from 2piexchange with excitation of virtual delta1232isobars these come out to be relatively small in comparison to those from diagrams with only nucleon intermediate states the reason for this opposite behavior to the parityconserving case is the blocking of the dominant isoscalar central channel by cpinvariance furthermore we calculate the tmatrix related to the iteration of the parityviolating 1piexchange with the parityconserving one the analytical results presented in this work can be easily implemented into calculations of parityviolating nuclear observables
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711.2234
Consequences of statistical sense determination for WIMP directional detection
We study the consequences of limited recoil sense reconstruction on the number of events required to reject isotropy and detect a WIMP signal using a directional detector. For a constant probability of determining the sense correctly, 3-d read-out and zero background, we find that as the probability is decreased from 1.0 to 0.75 the number of events required to reject isotropy using the mean angle statistic is increased by a factor of a few. As the probability is decreased further the number of events required using this statistic increases sharply, and in fact isotropy can be rejected more easily by discarding the sense information and using axial statistics. This however requires an order of magnitude more events than vectorial data with perfect sense determination. We also consider energy dependent probabilities of correctly measuring the sense, 2-d read-out and non-zero background. Our main conclusion regarding the sense determination is that correctly determining the sense of the abundant, but less anisotropic, low energy recoils is most important for minimising the number of events required.
astro-ph hep-ex hep-ph
we study the consequences of limited recoil sense reconstruction on the number of events required to reject isotropy and detect a wimp signal using a directional detector for a constant probability of determining the sense correctly 3d readout and zero background we find that as the probability is decreased from 10 to 075 the number of events required to reject isotropy using the mean angle statistic is increased by a factor of a few as the probability is decreased further the number of events required using this statistic increases sharply and in fact isotropy can be rejected more easily by discarding the sense information and using axial statistics this however requires an order of magnitude more events than vectorial data with perfect sense determination we also consider energy dependent probabilities of correctly measuring the sense 2d readout and nonzero background our main conclusion regarding the sense determination is that correctly determining the sense of the abundant but less anisotropic low energy recoils is most important for minimising the number of events required
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711.2235
Evolution of the Fermi Surface across a Magnetic Order-Disorder Transition in the Two-Dimensional Kondo Lattice Model: A Dynamical Cluster Approach
We use the dynamical cluster approximation, with a quantum Monte Carlo cluster solver on clusters of up to 16 orbitals, to investigate the evolution of the Fermi surface across the magnetic order-disorder transition in the two-dimensional doped Kondo lattice model. In the paramagnetic phase we observe the generic hybridized heavy fermion band structure with large Luttinger volume. In the antiferromagnetic phase, the heavy fermion band drops below the Fermi surface giving way to hole pockets centered around k=(pi/2,pi/2) and equivalent points. In this phase Kondo screening does not break down but the topology of the resulting Fermi surface is that of a spin-density wave approximation in which the localized spins are frozen.
cond-mat.str-el
we use the dynamical cluster approximation with a quantum monte carlo cluster solver on clusters of up to 16 orbitals to investigate the evolution of the fermi surface across the magnetic orderdisorder transition in the twodimensional doped kondo lattice model in the paramagnetic phase we observe the generic hybridized heavy fermion band structure with large luttinger volume in the antiferromagnetic phase the heavy fermion band drops below the fermi surface giving way to hole pockets centered around kpi2pi2 and equivalent points in this phase kondo screening does not break down but the topology of the resulting fermi surface is that of a spindensity wave approximation in which the localized spins are frozen
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711.2236
Manin matrices and Talalaev's formula
We study special class of matrices with noncommutative entries and demonstrate their various applications in integrable systems theory. They appeared in Yu. Manin's works in 87-92 as linear homomorphisms between polynomial rings; more explicitly they read: 1) elements in the same column commute; 2) commutators of the cross terms are equal: $[M_{ij}, M_{kl}]=[M_{kj}, M_{il}]$ (e.g. $[M_{11}, M_{22}]=[M_{21}, M_{12}]$). We claim that such matrices behave almost as well as matrices with commutative elements. Namely theorems of linear algebra (e.g., a natural definition of the determinant, the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, the Newton identities and so on and so forth) holds true for them. On the other hand, we remark that such matrices are somewhat ubiquitous in the theory of quantum integrability. For instance, Manin matrices (and their q-analogs) include matrices satisfying the Yang-Baxter relation "RTT=TTR" and the so--called Cartier-Foata matrices. Also, they enter Talalaev's hep-th/0404153 remarkable formulas: $det(\partial_z-L_{Gaudin}(z))$, $det(1-e^{-\p}T_{Yangian}(z))$ for the "quantum spectral curve", etc. We show that theorems of linear algebra, after being established for such matrices, have various applications to quantum integrable systems and Lie algebras, e.g in the construction of new generators in $Z(U(\hat{gl_n}))$ (and, in general, in the construction of quantum conservation laws), in the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation, and in the problem of Wick ordering. We also discuss applications to the separation of variables problem, new Capelli identities and the Langlands correspondence.
math.QA hep-th math.RA math.RT nlin.SI
we study special class of matrices with noncommutative entries and demonstrate their various applications in integrable systems theory they appeared in yu manins works in 8792 as linear homomorphisms between polynomial rings more explicitly they read 1 elements in the same column commute 2 commutators of the cross terms are equal m_ij m_klm_kj m_il eg m_11 m_22m_21 m_12 we claim that such matrices behave almost as well as matrices with commutative elements namely theorems of linear algebra eg a natural definition of the determinant the cayleyhamilton theorem the newton identities and so on and so forth holds true for them on the other hand we remark that such matrices are somewhat ubiquitous in the theory of quantum integrability for instance manin matrices and their qanalogs include matrices satisfying the yangbaxter relation rttttr and the socalled cartierfoata matrices also they enter talalaevs hepth0404153 remarkable formulas detpartial_zl_gaudinz det1ept_yangianz for the quantum spectral curve etc we show that theorems of linear algebra after being established for such matrices have various applications to quantum integrable systems and lie algebras eg in the construction of new generators in zuhatgl_n and in general in the construction of quantum conservation laws in the knizhnikzamolodchikov equation and in the problem of wick ordering we also discuss applications to the separation of variables problem new capelli identities and the langlands correspondence
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711.2237
$\Sigma$-nuclear spin-orbit coupling from two-pion exchange
Using SU(3) chiral perturbation theory we calculate the density-dependent complex-valued spin-orbit coupling strength $U_{\Sigma ls}(k_f)+ i W_{\Sigma ls}(k_f)$ of a $\Sigma$ hyperon in the nuclear medium. The leading long-range $\Sigma N$ interaction arises from iterated one-pion exchange with a $\Lambda$ or a $\Sigma$ hyperon in the intermediate state. We find from this unique long-range dynamics a sizeable ``wrong-sign'' spin-orbit coupling strength of $U_{\Sigma ls}(k_{f0}) \simeq -20$ MeVfm$^2$ at normal nuclear matter density $\rho_0 = 0.16 $fm$^{-3}$. The strong $\Sigma N\to \Lambda N$ conversion process contributes at the same time an imaginary part of $W_{\Sigma ls}(k_{f0}) \simeq -12$ MeVfm$^2$. When combined with estimates of the short-range contribution the total $\Sigma$-nuclear spin-orbit coupling becomes rather weak.
nucl-th
using su3 chiral perturbation theory we calculate the densitydependent complexvalued spinorbit coupling strength u_sigma lsk_f i w_sigma lsk_f of a sigma hyperon in the nuclear medium the leading longrange sigma n interaction arises from iterated onepion exchange with a lambda or a sigma hyperon in the intermediate state we find from this unique longrange dynamics a sizeable wrongsign spinorbit coupling strength of u_sigma lsk_f0 simeq 20 mevfm2 at normal nuclear matter density rho_0 016 fm3 the strong sigma nto lambda n conversion process contributes at the same time an imaginary part of w_sigma lsk_f0 simeq 12 mevfm2 when combined with estimates of the shortrange contribution the total sigmanuclear spinorbit coupling becomes rather weak
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711.2238
Fourier-Mukai transforms of line bundles on derived equivalent abelian varieties
We study the Fourier-Mukai functor D(Y) -> D(X) induced by the universal family on a fine moduli space Y for simple semihomogeneous vector bundles on an abelian variety X. The main result is that the Fourier-Mukai transform of a very negative line bundle on Y is ample if and only if the bundles parametrized by Y are nef.
math.AG
we study the fouriermukai functor dy dx induced by the universal family on a fine moduli space y for simple semihomogeneous vector bundles on an abelian variety x the main result is that the fouriermukai transform of a very negative line bundle on y is ample if and only if the bundles parametrized by y are nef
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711.2239
Mise en place de sc\'enarios pour la conception d'outils en Chirurgie Minimalement Invasive
Nowadays, more and more surgical interventions are carried out in Minimally Invasive Surgery, to make the post-operative constraints less painful for the patient. Actually, new surgical tools or medical products are designed after informal discussions between surgeons and designers. The user requirements documents are the main document used by the mechanical designers to design and improve the product. Medical terms, often used by surgeons and employed to explain their needs, don't allow for an instantaneous understanding by designers. Unfortunately, this relation causes a dysfunction in the definition cycle of the product. Our aim is to work on the design process, its assistance thanks to methods and tools and on its organisation for better understandings and more complementarities between surgeons and designers. We propose on this article a design method already tested in the informatics domain: User Centred Design which takes the user into account more effectively in the process design. We already propose a scenario oriented design method centred on the user and represented as a scenario (Scenario-Based Design). We start in this article by clarifying these concepts before detailing their implementation for the design of a new surgical tool.
cs.HC
nowadays more and more surgical interventions are carried out in minimally invasive surgery to make the postoperative constraints less painful for the patient actually new surgical tools or medical products are designed after informal discussions between surgeons and designers the user requirements documents are the main document used by the mechanical designers to design and improve the product medical terms often used by surgeons and employed to explain their needs dont allow for an instantaneous understanding by designers unfortunately this relation causes a dysfunction in the definition cycle of the product our aim is to work on the design process its assistance thanks to methods and tools and on its organisation for better understandings and more complementarities between surgeons and designers we propose on this article a design method already tested in the informatics domain user centred design which takes the user into account more effectively in the process design we already propose a scenario oriented design method centred on the user and represented as a scenario scenariobased design we start in this article by clarifying these concepts before detailing their implementation for the design of a new surgical tool
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711.224
A note on the least totient of a residue class
Let $q$ be a large prime number, $a$ be any integer, $\epsilon$ be a fixed small positive quantity. Friedlander and Shparlinksi \cite{FSh} have shown that there exists a positive integer $n\ll q^{5/2+\epsilon}$ such that $\phi(n)$ falls into the residue class $a \pmod q.$ Here, $\phi(n)$ denotes Euler's function. In the present paper we improve this bound to $n\ll q^{2+\epsilon}.$
math.NT
let q be a large prime number a be any integer epsilon be a fixed small positive quantity friedlander and shparlinksi citefsh have shown that there exists a positive integer nll q52epsilon such that phin falls into the residue class a pmod q here phin denotes eulers function in the present paper we improve this bound to nll q2epsilon
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711.2241
Bounds on the cardinality of partition
If A is infinite and well-ordered, then |2^A|<=|Part(A)|<=|A^A|.
math.GM
if a is infinite and wellordered then 2apartaaa
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711.2242
Group testing with Random Pools: Phase Transitions and Optimal Strategy
The problem of Group Testing is to identify defective items out of a set of objects by means of pool queries of the form "Does the pool contain at least a defective?". The aim is of course to perform detection with the fewest possible queries, a problem which has relevant practical applications in different fields including molecular biology and computer science. Here we study GT in the probabilistic setting focusing on the regime of small defective probability and large number of objects, $p \to 0$ and $N \to \infty$. We construct and analyze one-stage algorithms for which we establish the occurrence of a non-detection/detection phase transition resulting in a sharp threshold, $\bar M$, for the number of tests. By optimizing the pool design we construct algorithms whose detection threshold follows the optimal scaling $\bar M\propto Np|\log p|$. Then we consider two-stages algorithms and analyze their performance for different choices of the first stage pools. In particular, via a proper random choice of the pools, we construct algorithms which attain the optimal value (previously determined in Ref. [16]) for the mean number of tests required for complete detection. We finally discuss the optimal pool design in the case of finite $p$.
cond-mat.stat-mech
the problem of group testing is to identify defective items out of a set of objects by means of pool queries of the form does the pool contain at least a defective the aim is of course to perform detection with the fewest possible queries a problem which has relevant practical applications in different fields including molecular biology and computer science here we study gt in the probabilistic setting focusing on the regime of small defective probability and large number of objects p to 0 and n to infty we construct and analyze onestage algorithms for which we establish the occurrence of a nondetectiondetection phase transition resulting in a sharp threshold bar m for the number of tests by optimizing the pool design we construct algorithms whose detection threshold follows the optimal scaling bar mpropto nplog p then we consider twostages algorithms and analyze their performance for different choices of the first stage pools in particular via a proper random choice of the pools we construct algorithms which attain the optimal value previously determined in ref 16 for the mean number of tests required for complete detection we finally discuss the optimal pool design in the case of finite p
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711.2243
Guest Charge and Potential Fluctuations in Two-Dimensional Classical Coulomb Systems
A known generalization of the Stillinger-Lovett sum rule for a guest charge immersed in a two-dimensional one-component plasma (the second moment of the screening cloud around this guest charge) is more simply retrieved, just by using the BGY hierarchy for a mixture of several species; the zeroth moment of the excess density around a guest charge immersed in a two-component plasma is also obtained. The moments of the electric potential are related to the excess chemical potential of a guest charge; explicit results are obtained in several special cases.
cond-mat.stat-mech
a known generalization of the stillingerlovett sum rule for a guest charge immersed in a twodimensional onecomponent plasma the second moment of the screening cloud around this guest charge is more simply retrieved just by using the bgy hierarchy for a mixture of several species the zeroth moment of the excess density around a guest charge immersed in a twocomponent plasma is also obtained the moments of the electric potential are related to the excess chemical potential of a guest charge explicit results are obtained in several special cases
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711.2244
The pulsation modes of the pre-white dwarf PG 1159-035
PG 1159-035, a pre-white dwarf with T_eff=140,000 K, is the prototype of both two classes: the PG1159 spectroscopic class and the DOV pulsating class. Previous studies of PG 1159-035 photometric data obtained with the Whole Earth Telescope (WET) showed a rich frequency spectrum allowing the identification of 122 pulsation modes. In this work, we used all available WET photometric data from 1983, 1985, 1989, 1993 and 2002 to identify the pulsation periods and identified 76 additional pulsation modes, increasing to 198 the number of known pulsation modes in PG 1159-035, the largest number of modes detected in any star besides the Sun. From the period spacing we estimated a mass M = 0.59 +/- 0.02 solar masses for PG 1159-035, with the uncertainty dominated by the models, not the observation. Deviations in the regular period spacing suggest that some of the pulsation modes are trapped, even though the star is a pre-white dwarf and the gravitational settling is ongoing. The position of the transition zone that causes the mode trapping was calculated at r_c = 0.83 +/- 0.05 stellar radius. From the multiplet splitting, we calculated the rotational period P_rot = 1.3920 +/- 0.0008 days and an upper limit for the magnetic field, B < 2000 G. The total power of the pulsation modes at the stellar surface changed less than 30% for l=1 modes and less than 50% for l=2 modes. We find no evidence of linear combinations between the 198 pulsation mode frequencies. PG 1159-035 models have not significative convection zones, supporting the hypothesis that nonlinearity arises in the convection zones in cooler pulsating white dwarf stars.
astro-ph
pg 1159035 a prewhite dwarf with t_eff140000 k is the prototype of both two classes the pg1159 spectroscopic class and the dov pulsating class previous studies of pg 1159035 photometric data obtained with the whole earth telescope wet showed a rich frequency spectrum allowing the identification of 122 pulsation modes in this work we used all available wet photometric data from 1983 1985 1989 1993 and 2002 to identify the pulsation periods and identified 76 additional pulsation modes increasing to 198 the number of known pulsation modes in pg 1159035 the largest number of modes detected in any star besides the sun from the period spacing we estimated a mass m 059 002 solar masses for pg 1159035 with the uncertainty dominated by the models not the observation deviations in the regular period spacing suggest that some of the pulsation modes are trapped even though the star is a prewhite dwarf and the gravitational settling is ongoing the position of the transition zone that causes the mode trapping was calculated at r_c 083 005 stellar radius from the multiplet splitting we calculated the rotational period p_rot 13920 00008 days and an upper limit for the magnetic field b 2000 g the total power of the pulsation modes at the stellar surface changed less than 30 for l1 modes and less than 50 for l2 modes we find no evidence of linear combinations between the 198 pulsation mode frequencies pg 1159035 models have not significative convection zones supporting the hypothesis that nonlinearity arises in the convection zones in cooler pulsating white dwarf stars
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711.2245
On approximation of quantum channels
We develop an approximation approach to infinite dimensional quantum channels based on detailed investigation of the continuity properties of entropic characteristics of quantum channels and operations (trace-nonincreasing completely positive maps) as functions of a pair ``channel, input state''. The obtained results are then applied to the following problems: continuity of the $\chi$-capacity as function of a channel; strong additivity of the $\chi$-capacity for infinite dimensional channels; the analytical expression for the convex closure of the output entropy of arbitrary quantum channel.
quant-ph
we develop an approximation approach to infinite dimensional quantum channels based on detailed investigation of the continuity properties of entropic characteristics of quantum channels and operations tracenonincreasing completely positive maps as functions of a pair channel input state the obtained results are then applied to the following problems continuity of the chicapacity as function of a channel strong additivity of the chicapacity for infinite dimensional channels the analytical expression for the convex closure of the output entropy of arbitrary quantum channel
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711.2246
Simulation of highly idealized, atomic scale MQCA logic circuits
Spintronics logic devices based on majority gates formed by atomic-level arrangements of spins in the crystal lattice is considered. The dynamics of switching is modeled by time-dependent solution of the density-matrix equation with relaxation. The devices are shown to satisfy requirements for logic. Switching speed and dissipated energy are calculated and compared with electronic transistors. The simulations show that for the highly idealized case assumed here, it is possible to trade off size for speed and achieve lower power operation than ultimately scaled CMOS devices.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el
spintronics logic devices based on majority gates formed by atomiclevel arrangements of spins in the crystal lattice is considered the dynamics of switching is modeled by timedependent solution of the densitymatrix equation with relaxation the devices are shown to satisfy requirements for logic switching speed and dissipated energy are calculated and compared with electronic transistors the simulations show that for the highly idealized case assumed here it is possible to trade off size for speed and achieve lower power operation than ultimately scaled cmos devices
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711.2247
Power thresholds of morphology dependent induced thermal scattering in silica microresonators
Induced thermal scattering power thresholds have been calculated as a function of size and laser pump frequency. The thermal coupling coefficients of morphology dependent resonances were estimated by asymptotic methods. The resulting power threshold is comparable with experimental observations of thresholds of Raman lasing and thermal instability in spherical silica resonators. Applications may include the remote measurement of the temperature of aerosol droplets and the stabilization of microcavity lasers against thermal oscillations and temperature deviations on microcavity. A silica resonator can be used as an IR sensor, as well as an additional tool for precisely measuring the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of a target in a microsphere by calculating of the thermal shifts of eigenfrequencies in spectra of nonlinear scattering.
physics.optics physics.chem-ph
induced thermal scattering power thresholds have been calculated as a function of size and laser pump frequency the thermal coupling coefficients of morphology dependent resonances were estimated by asymptotic methods the resulting power threshold is comparable with experimental observations of thresholds of raman lasing and thermal instability in spherical silica resonators applications may include the remote measurement of the temperature of aerosol droplets and the stabilization of microcavity lasers against thermal oscillations and temperature deviations on microcavity a silica resonator can be used as an ir sensor as well as an additional tool for precisely measuring the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of a target in a microsphere by calculating of the thermal shifts of eigenfrequencies in spectra of nonlinear scattering
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711.2248
Block Toeplitz determinants, constrained KP and Gelfand-Dickey hierarchies
We propose a method for computing any Gelfand-Dickey tau function living in Segal-Wilson Grassmannian as the asymptotics of block Toeplitz determinant associated to a certain class of symbols. Also truncated block Toeplitz determinants associated to the same symbols are shown to be tau function for rational reductions of KP. Connection with Riemann-Hilbert problems is investigated both from the point of view of integrable systems and block Toeplitz operator theory. Examples of applications to algebro-geometric solutions are given.
math.FA math-ph math.MP nlin.SI
we propose a method for computing any gelfanddickey tau function living in segalwilson grassmannian as the asymptotics of block toeplitz determinant associated to a certain class of symbols also truncated block toeplitz determinants associated to the same symbols are shown to be tau function for rational reductions of kp connection with riemannhilbert problems is investigated both from the point of view of integrable systems and block toeplitz operator theory examples of applications to algebrogeometric solutions are given
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711.2249
A peculiar planetary nebula candidate in a globular cluster in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy
CONTEXT: Until now, only one planetary nebula (PN) has been known in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy. AIMS: The discovery of a second PN candidate, associated with one of the 5 globular clusters in the Fornax dwarf, is reported. METHODS: Spectra of the globular cluster H5, obtained with the UVES echelle spectrograph on the ESO Very Large Telescope, show [O III] line emission at a radial velocity consistent with membership of the Fornax dwarf. A possible counterpart of the [O III] emission is identified in archival images from the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on board the Hubble Space Telescope. The source of the emission is located about 1.5" (less than one core radius) southwest of the centre of the cluster. RESULTS: The emission line source is identified as a likely PN, albeit with several peculiar properties. No Hbeta, He I, or He II line emission is detected and the [O III]/Hbeta ratio is >25 (2 sigma). The expansion velocity inferred from the [O III] 5007 AA line is about 55 km/s, which is large for a PN. The diameter measured on the HST images is about 0.23" or 0.15 pc at the distance of the Fornax dSph. CONCLUSIONS: This object doubles the number of known PNe in Fornax, and is only the 5th PN associated with an old GC for which direct imaging is available. It may be a member of the rare class of extremely H-deficient PNe, the second such case found in a GC.
astro-ph
context until now only one planetary nebula pn has been known in the fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy aims the discovery of a second pn candidate associated with one of the 5 globular clusters in the fornax dwarf is reported methods spectra of the globular cluster h5 obtained with the uves echelle spectrograph on the eso very large telescope show o iii line emission at a radial velocity consistent with membership of the fornax dwarf a possible counterpart of the o iii emission is identified in archival images from the wide field planetary camera 2 on board the hubble space telescope the source of the emission is located about 15 less than one core radius southwest of the centre of the cluster results the emission line source is identified as a likely pn albeit with several peculiar properties no hbeta he i or he ii line emission is detected and the o iiihbeta ratio is 25 2 sigma the expansion velocity inferred from the o iii 5007 aa line is about 55 kms which is large for a pn the diameter measured on the hst images is about 023 or 015 pc at the distance of the fornax dsph conclusions this object doubles the number of known pne in fornax and is only the 5th pn associated with an old gc for which direct imaging is available it may be a member of the rare class of extremely hdeficient pne the second such case found in a gc
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711.225
Fluctuation Properties of Steady-State Langevin Systems
Motivated by stochastic models of climate phenomena, the steady-state of a linear stochastic model with additive Gaussian white noise is studied. Fluctuation theorems for nonequilibrium steady-states provide a constraint on the character of these fluctuations. The properties of the fluctuations which are unconstrained by the fluctuation theorem are investigated and related to the model parameters. The irreversibility of trajectory segments, which satisfies a fluctuation theorem, is used as a measure of nonequilibrium fluctuations. The moments of the irreversibility probability density function (pdf) are found and the pdf is seen to be non-Gaussian. The average irreversibility goes to zero for short and long trajectory segments and has a maximum for some finite segment length, which defines a characteristic timescale of the fluctuations. The initial average irreversibility growth rate is equal to the average entropy production and is related to noise-amplification. For systems with a separation of deterministic timescales, modes with timescales much shorter than the trajectory timespan and whose noise amplitudes are not asymptotically large, do not, to first order, contribute to the irreversibility statistics, providing a potential basis for dimensional reduction.
cond-mat.stat-mech physics.ao-ph
motivated by stochastic models of climate phenomena the steadystate of a linear stochastic model with additive gaussian white noise is studied fluctuation theorems for nonequilibrium steadystates provide a constraint on the character of these fluctuations the properties of the fluctuations which are unconstrained by the fluctuation theorem are investigated and related to the model parameters the irreversibility of trajectory segments which satisfies a fluctuation theorem is used as a measure of nonequilibrium fluctuations the moments of the irreversibility probability density function pdf are found and the pdf is seen to be nongaussian the average irreversibility goes to zero for short and long trajectory segments and has a maximum for some finite segment length which defines a characteristic timescale of the fluctuations the initial average irreversibility growth rate is equal to the average entropy production and is related to noiseamplification for systems with a separation of deterministic timescales modes with timescales much shorter than the trajectory timespan and whose noise amplitudes are not asymptotically large do not to first order contribute to the irreversibility statistics providing a potential basis for dimensional reduction
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711.2251
Renormalized Polyakov loops in many representations
We present a renormalization procedure for Polyakov loops which explicitly implements the fact that the renormalization constant depends only on the ultraviolet cutoff. Using this we study the renormalized Polyakov loops in all representations upto the {\bf 27} of the gauge group SU(3). We find good evidence for Casimir scaling of the Polyakov loops and for approximate large-N factorization. By studying many loops together, we are able to show that there is a matrix model with a single coupling which can describe the high temperature phase of QCD, although it is hard to construct explicitly. We present the first results for the non-vanishing renormalized octet loop in the thermodynamic limit below the SU(3) phase transition, and estimate the associated string breaking distance and the gluelump binding energy. By studying the connection of the direct renormalization procedure with a generalization of an earlier suggestion which goes by the name of the $Q\bar Q$ renormalization procedure, we find that they are functionally equivalent.
hep-lat hep-ph
we present a renormalization procedure for polyakov loops which explicitly implements the fact that the renormalization constant depends only on the ultraviolet cutoff using this we study the renormalized polyakov loops in all representations upto the bf 27 of the gauge group su3 we find good evidence for casimir scaling of the polyakov loops and for approximate largen factorization by studying many loops together we are able to show that there is a matrix model with a single coupling which can describe the high temperature phase of qcd although it is hard to construct explicitly we present the first results for the nonvanishing renormalized octet loop in the thermodynamic limit below the su3 phase transition and estimate the associated string breaking distance and the gluelump binding energy by studying the connection of the direct renormalization procedure with a generalization of an earlier suggestion which goes by the name of the qbar q renormalization procedure we find that they are functionally equivalent
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711.2252
Asymptotic estimations of power thresholds and anti-Stokes frequency of laser induced thermal scattering in microresonators
A derivation of the asymptotic expressions for the threshold intensity of laser induced thermal scattering in silica microresonator when illuminated with a plane wave is present. The calculation of anti-Stokes thermal combination frequencies are made for the spherical high Q-factor microresonators. The three modes regime of nonlinear interaction is considered. One pump-driven, two signal modes, and one mode of temperature relaxation are taken into account, satisfying morphology-dependent input and output resonances. There are low power thresholds for laser induced thermal scattering at morphology dependent resonances.
physics.optics physics.chem-ph
a derivation of the asymptotic expressions for the threshold intensity of laser induced thermal scattering in silica microresonator when illuminated with a plane wave is present the calculation of antistokes thermal combination frequencies are made for the spherical high qfactor microresonators the three modes regime of nonlinear interaction is considered one pumpdriven two signal modes and one mode of temperature relaxation are taken into account satisfying morphologydependent input and output resonances there are low power thresholds for laser induced thermal scattering at morphology dependent resonances
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711.2253
Disentangling CP phases in nearly degenerate resonances: neutralino production via Higgs at a muon collider
In the CP-violating Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, we study the pair production of neutralinos at center-of-mass energies around the heavy neutral Higgs boson resonances. For longitudinally polarized muon beams, we analyze CP asymmetries which are sensitive to the interference of the two heavy neutral Higgs bosons. Due to radiatively induced scalar-pseudoscalar transitions, the CP asymmetries can be strongly enhanced when the resonances are nearly degenerate, as in the Higgs decoupling limit. The Higgs couplings to the neutralino sector can then be analyzed in the presence of CP violating phases. We present a detailed numerical analysis of the cross sections, neutralino branching ratios, and the CP observables. We find that radiatively induced CP violation in the Higgs sector leads to sizable CP-asymmetries, which are accessible in future measurements at a muon collider. However, we expect that our proposed method should be applicable to other processes with nearly degenerate scalar resonances, even at hadron colliders.
hep-ph
in the cpviolating minimal supersymmetric standard model we study the pair production of neutralinos at centerofmass energies around the heavy neutral higgs boson resonances for longitudinally polarized muon beams we analyze cp asymmetries which are sensitive to the interference of the two heavy neutral higgs bosons due to radiatively induced scalarpseudoscalar transitions the cp asymmetries can be strongly enhanced when the resonances are nearly degenerate as in the higgs decoupling limit the higgs couplings to the neutralino sector can then be analyzed in the presence of cp violating phases we present a detailed numerical analysis of the cross sections neutralino branching ratios and the cp observables we find that radiatively induced cp violation in the higgs sector leads to sizable cpasymmetries which are accessible in future measurements at a muon collider however we expect that our proposed method should be applicable to other processes with nearly degenerate scalar resonances even at hadron colliders
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711.2254
Calibration systems and methods for the ANTARES neutrino telescope
The ANTARES neutrino telescope is currently being constructed in the Mediterranean Sea. The complete detector will consist of 12 strings, supplemented by an additional instrumentation line. Nine strings are at present deployed of which five are already connected to the shore and operating. Each string is equipped with 75 Optical Modules (OMs) housing the photomultipliers to detect the Cherenkov light induced by the charged particles produced in neutrino reactions. An accurate measurement of the Cherenkov photon arrival times as well as the positions and orientations of the OMs is required for a precise reconstruction of the direction of the detected neutrinos. For this purpose the ANTARES detector is provided with several system s to facilitate the calibration of the detector. The time calibration is performed using light pulses emitted from LED and laser devices. The positioning is done via acoustic triangulation using hydrophones. Additionally, local tilt angles and the orientations of the modules are measured with a set of tiltmeters and compasses. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the ANTARES time and alignment calibration systems operate successfully in situ. In particular, it is shown that the ANTARES read-out electronics is capable of reaching a sub-nanosecond time resolution.
astro-ph
the antares neutrino telescope is currently being constructed in the mediterranean sea the complete detector will consist of 12 strings supplemented by an additional instrumentation line nine strings are at present deployed of which five are already connected to the shore and operating each string is equipped with 75 optical modules oms housing the photomultipliers to detect the cherenkov light induced by the charged particles produced in neutrino reactions an accurate measurement of the cherenkov photon arrival times as well as the positions and orientations of the oms is required for a precise reconstruction of the direction of the detected neutrinos for this purpose the antares detector is provided with several system s to facilitate the calibration of the detector the time calibration is performed using light pulses emitted from led and laser devices the positioning is done via acoustic triangulation using hydrophones additionally local tilt angles and the orientations of the modules are measured with a set of tiltmeters and compasses in this paper it is demonstrated that the antares time and alignment calibration systems operate successfully in situ in particular it is shown that the antares readout electronics is capable of reaching a subnanosecond time resolution
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711.2255
Neutron Interactions as Seen by A Segmented Germanium Detector
The GERmanium Detector Array, GERDA, is designed for the search for ``neutrinoless double beta decay'' (0-nu-2-beta) with germanium detectors enriched in Ge76. An 18-fold segmented prototype detector for GERDA Phase II was exposed to an AmBe neutron source to improve the understanding of neutron induced backgrounds. Neutron interactions with the germanium isotopes themselves and in the surrounding materials were studied. Segment information is used to identify neutron induced peaks in the recorded energy spectra. The Geant4 based simulation package MaGe is used to simulate the experiment. Though many photon peaks from germanium isotopes excited by neutrons are correctly described by Geant4, some physics processes were identified as being incorrectly treated or even missing.
nucl-ex
the germanium detector array gerda is designed for the search for neutrinoless double beta decay 0nu2beta with germanium detectors enriched in ge76 an 18fold segmented prototype detector for gerda phase ii was exposed to an ambe neutron source to improve the understanding of neutron induced backgrounds neutron interactions with the germanium isotopes themselves and in the surrounding materials were studied segment information is used to identify neutron induced peaks in the recorded energy spectra the geant4 based simulation package mage is used to simulate the experiment though many photon peaks from germanium isotopes excited by neutrons are correctly described by geant4 some physics processes were identified as being incorrectly treated or even missing
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711.2256
Correlation of the highest energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic objects
Using data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory during the past 3.7 years, we demonstrated a correlation between the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energy above ~ 6x10^{19} electron volts and the positions of active galactic nuclei (AGN) lying within ~ 75 megaparsecs. We rejected the hypothesis of an isotropic distribution of these cosmic rays with at least a 99% confidence level from a prescribed a priori test. The correlation we observed is compatible with the hypothesis that the highest energy particles originate from nearby extragalactic sources whose flux has not been substantially reduced by interaction with the cosmic background radiation. AGN or objects having a similar spatial distribution are possible sources.
astro-ph
using data collected at the pierre auger observatory during the past 37 years we demonstrated a correlation between the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energy above 6x1019 electron volts and the positions of active galactic nuclei agn lying within 75 megaparsecs we rejected the hypothesis of an isotropic distribution of these cosmic rays with at least a 99 confidence level from a prescribed a priori test the correlation we observed is compatible with the hypothesis that the highest energy particles originate from nearby extragalactic sources whose flux has not been substantially reduced by interaction with the cosmic background radiation agn or objects having a similar spatial distribution are possible sources
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711.2257
Oxygen isotope effect on superconductivity and magnetism in Y_1-xPr_xBa_2Cu_3O_7-\delta
Oxygen isotope (^{16}O/^{18}O) effects (OIE's) on the superconducting transition (T_c), the spin-glass ordering (T_g), and the antiferromagnetic ordering (T_N) temperatures were studied for Y_1-xPr_xBa_2Cu_3O_7-\delta as a function of Pr content (0.0\leq x \leq 1.0). The OIE on T_c increases with increasing x up to x\approx0.55, where superconductivity disappears. For decreasing x the OIE's on T_N and T_g increase down to x\approx 0.7 where antiferromagnetic order and down to x\approx0.3 where spin-glass behavior vanish, respectively. The OIE's on T_g and T_N are found to have {\it opposite signs} as compared to the OIE on T_c. All OIE's are suggested to arise from the isotope dependent mobility (kinetic energy) of the charge carriers.
cond-mat.supr-con
oxygen isotope 16o18o effects oies on the superconducting transition t_c the spinglass ordering t_g and the antiferromagnetic ordering t_n temperatures were studied for y_1xpr_xba_2cu_3o_7delta as a function of pr content 00leq x leq 10 the oie on t_c increases with increasing x up to xapprox055 where superconductivity disappears for decreasing x the oies on t_n and t_g increase down to xapprox 07 where antiferromagnetic order and down to xapprox03 where spinglass behavior vanish respectively the oies on t_g and t_n are found to have it opposite signs as compared to the oie on t_c all oies are suggested to arise from the isotope dependent mobility kinetic energy of the charge carriers
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711.2258
Density operators and selective measurements
It is widely believed that statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics requires that density operators representing quantum states be normalized. We present a description of selective measurements in terms of density operators. The description is inspired by Schwinger's Algebra of Microscopic Measurements. Density operators used are not normalized. We do not know applications of density operators requiring normalization.
math-ph math.MP
it is widely believed that statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics requires that density operators representing quantum states be normalized we present a description of selective measurements in terms of density operators the description is inspired by schwingers algebra of microscopic measurements density operators used are not normalized we do not know applications of density operators requiring normalization
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711.2259
The Pion Cloud: Insights into Hadron Structure
Modern nuclear theory presents a fascinating study in contrasting approaches to the structure of hadrons and nuclei. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the treatment of the pion cloud. As this discussion really begins with Yukawa, it is entirely appropriate that this invited lecture at the Yukawa Institute in Kyoto should deal with the issue.
nucl-th
modern nuclear theory presents a fascinating study in contrasting approaches to the structure of hadrons and nuclei nowhere is this more apparent than in the treatment of the pion cloud as this discussion really begins with yukawa it is entirely appropriate that this invited lecture at the yukawa institute in kyoto should deal with the issue
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711.226
A Quantum Like Interpretation and Solution of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen Paradox in Quantum Mechanics
We discuss the Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen paradox as it was formulated by Asher Peres in 1992 [4]. On this basis we realize an algebraic quantum like elaboration showing that in this formulation the paradox may be still interpreted and solved.
quant-ph
we discuss the einstein podolsky and rosen paradox as it was formulated by asher peres in 1992 4 on this basis we realize an algebraic quantum like elaboration showing that in this formulation the paradox may be still interpreted and solved
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711.2261
Spectral Energy Distributions of High Mass Proto Stellar Objects - Evidence for High Accretion Rates
The spectral energy distributions (SEDs), spanning the mid-infrared to millimeter wavelengths, of a sample of 13 high-mass protostellar objects (HMPOs) were studied using a large archive of 2-D axisymmetric radiative transfer models. Measurements from the Spitzer GLIMPSE and MIPSGAL surveys and the MSX survey were used in addition to our own surveys at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths to construct the SEDs, which were then fit to the archive of models. These models assumed that stars of all masses form via accretion and allowed us to make estimates for the masses, luminosities and envelope accretion rates for the HMPOs. The models fit the observed SEDs well. The implied envelope accretion rates are high, $\approx 10^{-2.5} \msun/yr$, consistent with the accretion-based scenario of massive star formation. With the fitted accretion rates and with mass estimates of up to $\sim 20 \msun$ for these objects, it appears plausible that stars with stellar masses $M_{\ast} > 20 \msun$ can form via accretion.
astro-ph
the spectral energy distributions seds spanning the midinfrared to millimeter wavelengths of a sample of 13 highmass protostellar objects hmpos were studied using a large archive of 2d axisymmetric radiative transfer models measurements from the spitzer glimpse and mipsgal surveys and the msx survey were used in addition to our own surveys at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths to construct the seds which were then fit to the archive of models these models assumed that stars of all masses form via accretion and allowed us to make estimates for the masses luminosities and envelope accretion rates for the hmpos the models fit the observed seds well the implied envelope accretion rates are high approx 1025 msunyr consistent with the accretionbased scenario of massive star formation with the fitted accretion rates and with mass estimates of up to sim 20 msun for these objects it appears plausible that stars with stellar masses m_ast 20 msun can form via accretion
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711.2262
Weak-Pseudo-Hermiticity of Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with Position-Dependent Mass
We extend the definition of eta-weak-pseudo-Hermiticity to the class of potentials endowed with position-dependent mass. The construction of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians through some generating function are obtained. Special cases of potentials are thus deduced.
math-ph math.MP
we extend the definition of etaweakpseudohermiticity to the class of potentials endowed with positiondependent mass the construction of nonhermitian hamiltonians through some generating function are obtained special cases of potentials are thus deduced
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711.2263
High quality mechanical and optical properties of commercial silicon nitride membranes
We have measured the optical and mechanical loss of commercial silicon nitride membranes. We find that 50 nm-thick, 1 mm^2 membranes have mechanical Q > 10^6 at 293 K, and Q > 10^7 at 300 mK, well above what has been observed in devices with comparable dimensions. The near-IR optical loss at 293 K is less than 2E-4. This combination of properties make these membranes attractive candidates for studying quantum effects in optomechanical systems.
quant-ph
we have measured the optical and mechanical loss of commercial silicon nitride membranes we find that 50 nmthick 1 mm2 membranes have mechanical q 106 at 293 k and q 107 at 300 mk well above what has been observed in devices with comparable dimensions the nearir optical loss at 293 k is less than 2e4 this combination of properties make these membranes attractive candidates for studying quantum effects in optomechanical systems
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711.2264
The VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars: atmospheric parameters and rotational velocity distributions for B-type stars in the Magellanic Clouds
We provide atmospheric parameters and rotational velocities of a large sample (~400) of O- and early B-type stars, analysed in a homogeneous and consistent manner, for use in constraining theoretical models. Comparison of the rotational velocities with evolutionary tracks suggest that the end of core hydrogen burning occurs later than currently predicted. We also show that the large number of the luminous blue supergiants observed in the fields are unlikely to have directly evolved from main-sequence massive O-type stars as neither their low rotational velocities or position on the H-R diagram are predicted. We suggest that blue-loops or mass-transfer binary systems may populate the blue supergiant regime. By comparing the rotational velocity distributions of the Magellanic Cloud stars to a similar Galactic sample we find that (at 3sigma confidence level) massive stars (above 8Msun) in the SMC rotate faster than those in the solar neighbourhood. However there appears to be no significant difference between the rotational velocity distributions in the Galaxy and the LMC. We find that the vsini distributions in the SMC and LMC can modelled with an intrinsic rotational velocity distribution which is a Gaussian peaking at 175km/s (SMC) and 100km/s (LMC). We find that in NGC346 in the SMC, the 10-25Msun main-sequence stars appear to rotate faster than their higher mass counterparts. Recently Yoon et al. (2006) have determined rates of GRBs by modelling rapidly rotating massive star progenitors. Our measured rotational velocity distribution for the 10-25Msun stars is peaked at slightly higher velocities than they assume, supporting the idea that GRBs could come from rapid rotators with initial masses as low as 14Msun at low metallicities. (abridged).
astro-ph
we provide atmospheric parameters and rotational velocities of a large sample 400 of o and early btype stars analysed in a homogeneous and consistent manner for use in constraining theoretical models comparison of the rotational velocities with evolutionary tracks suggest that the end of core hydrogen burning occurs later than currently predicted we also show that the large number of the luminous blue supergiants observed in the fields are unlikely to have directly evolved from mainsequence massive otype stars as neither their low rotational velocities or position on the hr diagram are predicted we suggest that blueloops or masstransfer binary systems may populate the blue supergiant regime by comparing the rotational velocity distributions of the magellanic cloud stars to a similar galactic sample we find that at 3sigma confidence level massive stars above 8msun in the smc rotate faster than those in the solar neighbourhood however there appears to be no significant difference between the rotational velocity distributions in the galaxy and the lmc we find that the vsini distributions in the smc and lmc can modelled with an intrinsic rotational velocity distribution which is a gaussian peaking at 175kms smc and 100kms lmc we find that in ngc346 in the smc the 1025msun mainsequence stars appear to rotate faster than their higher mass counterparts recently yoon et al 2006 have determined rates of grbs by modelling rapidly rotating massive star progenitors our measured rotational velocity distribution for the 1025msun stars is peaked at slightly higher velocities than they assume supporting the idea that grbs could come from rapid rotators with initial masses as low as 14msun at low metallicities abridged
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711.2265
Exactly Solvable Potentials by SO(2,2) Dynamical Algebra
The differential realization of the potential group SO(2,2) is used. The spectrum-generating algebra for a kind of exactly solvable potentials endowed with position-dependent mass is constructed.
math-ph math.MP
the differential realization of the potential group so22 is used the spectrumgenerating algebra for a kind of exactly solvable potentials endowed with positiondependent mass is constructed
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711.2266
Random Homogenization of Fractional Obstacle Problems
We use a characterization of the fractional Laplacian as a Dirichlet to Neumann operator for an appropriate differential equation to study its obstacle problem in perforated domains.
math.AP
we use a characterization of the fractional laplacian as a dirichlet to neumann operator for an appropriate differential equation to study its obstacle problem in perforated domains
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711.2267
The VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars: rotation and nitrogen enrichment as the key to understanding massive star evolution
Rotation has become an important element in evolutionary models of massive stars, specifically via the prediction of rotational mixing. Here, we study a sample of stars, including rapid rotators, to constrain such models and use nitrogen enrichments as a probe of the mixing process. Chemical compositions (C, N, O, Mg and Si) have been estimated for 135 early B-type stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud with projected rotational velocities up to ~300km/s using a non-LTE TLUSTY model atmosphere grid. Evolutionary models, including rotational mixing, have been generated attempting to reproduce these observations by adjusting the overshooting and rotational mixing parameters and produce reasonable agreement with 60% of our core hydrogen burning sample. We find (excluding known binaries) a significant population of highly nitrogen enriched intrinsic slow rotators vsini less than 50km/s incompatible with our models ~20% of the sample). Furthermore, while we find fast rotators with enrichments in agreement with the models, the observation of evolved (log g less than 3.7dex) fast rotators that are relatively unenriched (a further ~20% of the sample) challenges the concept of rotational mixing. We also find that 70% of our blue supergiant sample cannot have evolved directly from the hydrogen burning main-sequence. We are left with a picture where invoking binarity and perhaps fossil magnetic fields are required to understand the surface properties of a population of massive main sequence stars.
astro-ph
rotation has become an important element in evolutionary models of massive stars specifically via the prediction of rotational mixing here we study a sample of stars including rapid rotators to constrain such models and use nitrogen enrichments as a probe of the mixing process chemical compositions c n o mg and si have been estimated for 135 early btype stars in the large magellanic cloud with projected rotational velocities up to 300kms using a nonlte tlusty model atmosphere grid evolutionary models including rotational mixing have been generated attempting to reproduce these observations by adjusting the overshooting and rotational mixing parameters and produce reasonable agreement with 60 of our core hydrogen burning sample we find excluding known binaries a significant population of highly nitrogen enriched intrinsic slow rotators vsini less than 50kms incompatible with our models 20 of the sample furthermore while we find fast rotators with enrichments in agreement with the models the observation of evolved log g less than 37dex fast rotators that are relatively unenriched a further 20 of the sample challenges the concept of rotational mixing we also find that 70 of our blue supergiant sample cannot have evolved directly from the hydrogen burning mainsequence we are left with a picture where invoking binarity and perhaps fossil magnetic fields are required to understand the surface properties of a population of massive main sequence stars
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711.2268
Multipartite entangled states in particle mixing
In the physics of flavor mixing, the flavor states are given by superpositions of mass eigenstates. By using the occupation number to define a multiqubit space, the flavor states can be interpreted as multipartite mode-entangled states. By exploiting a suitable global measure of entanglement, based on the entropies related to all possible bipartitions of the system, we analyze the correlation properties of such states in the instances of three- and four-flavor mixing. Depending on the mixing parameters, and, in particular, on the values taken by the free phases, responsible for the CP-violation, entanglement concentrates in preferred bipartitions. We quantify in detail the amount and the distribution of entanglement in the physically relevant cases of flavor mixing in quark and neutrino systems. By using the wave packet description for localized particles, we use the global measure of entanglement, suitably adapted for the instance of multipartite mixed states, to analyze the decoherence induced by the free evolution dynamics on the quantum correlations of stationary neutrino beams. We define a decoherence length as the distance associated with the vanishing of the coherent interference effects among massive neutrino states. We investigate the role of the CP-violating phase in the decoherence process.
quant-ph hep-ph hep-th
in the physics of flavor mixing the flavor states are given by superpositions of mass eigenstates by using the occupation number to define a multiqubit space the flavor states can be interpreted as multipartite modeentangled states by exploiting a suitable global measure of entanglement based on the entropies related to all possible bipartitions of the system we analyze the correlation properties of such states in the instances of three and fourflavor mixing depending on the mixing parameters and in particular on the values taken by the free phases responsible for the cpviolation entanglement concentrates in preferred bipartitions we quantify in detail the amount and the distribution of entanglement in the physically relevant cases of flavor mixing in quark and neutrino systems by using the wave packet description for localized particles we use the global measure of entanglement suitably adapted for the instance of multipartite mixed states to analyze the decoherence induced by the free evolution dynamics on the quantum correlations of stationary neutrino beams we define a decoherence length as the distance associated with the vanishing of the coherent interference effects among massive neutrino states we investigate the role of the cpviolating phase in the decoherence process
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711.2269
Gradients of Laplacian Eigenfunctions on the Sierpinski Gasket
We use spectral decimation to provide formulae for computing the harmonic gradients of Laplacian eigenfunctions on the Sierpinski Gasket. These formulae are given in terms of special functions that are defined as infinite products.
math.CA math.FA
we use spectral decimation to provide formulae for computing the harmonic gradients of laplacian eigenfunctions on the sierpinski gasket these formulae are given in terms of special functions that are defined as infinite products
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711.227
Can a Computer Laugh ?
A computer model of "a sense of humour" suggested previously [arXiv:0711.2058,0711.2061], relating the humorous effect with a specific malfunction in information processing, is given in somewhat different exposition. Psychological aspects of humour are elaborated more thoroughly. The mechanism of laughter is formulated on the more general level. Detailed discussion is presented for the higher levels of information processing, which are responsible for a perception of complex samples of humour. Development of a sense of humour in the process of evolution is discussed.
cs.CL cs.AI q-bio.NC
a computer model of a sense of humour suggested previously arxiv0711205807112061 relating the humorous effect with a specific malfunction in information processing is given in somewhat different exposition psychological aspects of humour are elaborated more thoroughly the mechanism of laughter is formulated on the more general level detailed discussion is presented for the higher levels of information processing which are responsible for a perception of complex samples of humour development of a sense of humour in the process of evolution is discussed
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711.2271
A quantum Goldman bracket in 2+1 quantum gravity
In the context of quantum gravity for spacetimes of dimension 2+1, we describe progress in the construction of a quantum Goldman bracket for intersecting loops on surfaces. Using piecewise linear paths in R^2 (representing loops on the spatial manifold, i.e. the torus) and a quantum connection with noncommuting components, we review how holonomies and Wilson loops for two homotopic paths are related by phases in terms of the signed area between them. Paths rerouted at intersection points with other paths occur on the r.h.s. of the Goldman bracket. To better understand their nature we introduce the concept of integer points inside the parallelogram spanned by two intersecting paths, and show that the rerouted paths must necessarily pass through these integer points.
math-ph gr-qc hep-th math.MP
in the context of quantum gravity for spacetimes of dimension 21 we describe progress in the construction of a quantum goldman bracket for intersecting loops on surfaces using piecewise linear paths in r2 representing loops on the spatial manifold ie the torus and a quantum connection with noncommuting components we review how holonomies and wilson loops for two homotopic paths are related by phases in terms of the signed area between them paths rerouted at intersection points with other paths occur on the rhs of the goldman bracket to better understand their nature we introduce the concept of integer points inside the parallelogram spanned by two intersecting paths and show that the rerouted paths must necessarily pass through these integer points
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711.2272
Tensor calculus for supergravity on a manifold with boundary
Using the simple setting of 3D N=1 supergravity, we show how the tensor calculus of supergravity can be extended to manifolds with boundary. We present an extension of the standard F-density formula which yields supersymmetric bulk-plus-boundary actions. To construct additional separately supersymmetric boundary actions, we decompose bulk supergravity and bulk matter multiplets into co-dimension one submultiplets. As an illustration we obtain the supersymmetric extension of the York-Gibbons-Hawking extrinsic curvature boundary term. We emphasize that our construction does not require any boundary conditions on off-shell fields. This gives a significant improvement over the existing orbifold supergravity tensor calculus.
hep-th hep-ph
using the simple setting of 3d n1 supergravity we show how the tensor calculus of supergravity can be extended to manifolds with boundary we present an extension of the standard fdensity formula which yields supersymmetric bulkplusboundary actions to construct additional separately supersymmetric boundary actions we decompose bulk supergravity and bulk matter multiplets into codimension one submultiplets as an illustration we obtain the supersymmetric extension of the yorkgibbonshawking extrinsic curvature boundary term we emphasize that our construction does not require any boundary conditions on offshell fields this gives a significant improvement over the existing orbifold supergravity tensor calculus
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711.2273
Energy and System Size Dependence of Strangeness Production from SPS to RHIC
Strange particle production is an important experimental observable that allows the study of the strongly interacting matter created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The STAR experiment at RHIC has a unique capability of measuring identified strange particles over a wide range of acceptance providing a rich set of data to perform a systematic study. In addition to the data from Au+Au collisions, strange particles from p+p and d+Au collisions are also available for comparison and normalization. A new set of data from Cu+Cu reactions at 62 GeV and 200 GeV provides the chance to compare the system size dependence observed in Au+Au collisions with this smaller system size. In addition to the comparison of the yields, a statistical thermal model was used to extract freeze-out characteristics for the different system sizes and collision energies.
nucl-ex
strange particle production is an important experimental observable that allows the study of the strongly interacting matter created in relativistic heavyion collisions the star experiment at rhic has a unique capability of measuring identified strange particles over a wide range of acceptance providing a rich set of data to perform a systematic study in addition to the data from auau collisions strange particles from pp and dau collisions are also available for comparison and normalization a new set of data from cucu reactions at 62 gev and 200 gev provides the chance to compare the system size dependence observed in auau collisions with this smaller system size in addition to the comparison of the yields a statistical thermal model was used to extract freezeout characteristics for the different system sizes and collision energies
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711.2274
de Sitter Relativity: a New Road to Quantum Gravity?
The Poincare' group generalizes the Galilei group for high-velocity kinematics. The de Sitter group is assumed to go one step further, generalizing Poincare' as the group governing high-energy kinematics. In other words, ordinary special relativity is here replaced by de Sitter relativity. In this theory, the cosmological constant is no longer a free parameter, and can be determined in terms of other quantities. When applied to the whole universe, it is able to predict the value of the cosmological constant and to explain the cosmic coincidence. When applied to the propagation of ultra-high energy photons, it gives a good estimate of the time delay observed in extragalactic gamma-ray flares. It can, for this reason, be considered a new paradigm to approach the quantum gravity problem.
gr-qc hep-th
the poincare group generalizes the galilei group for highvelocity kinematics the de sitter group is assumed to go one step further generalizing poincare as the group governing highenergy kinematics in other words ordinary special relativity is here replaced by de sitter relativity in this theory the cosmological constant is no longer a free parameter and can be determined in terms of other quantities when applied to the whole universe it is able to predict the value of the cosmological constant and to explain the cosmic coincidence when applied to the propagation of ultrahigh energy photons it gives a good estimate of the time delay observed in extragalactic gammaray flares it can for this reason be considered a new paradigm to approach the quantum gravity problem
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711.2275
Scalar mesons from an effective Lagrangian approach
A brief discussion of the recent interest in light scalar mesons motivates the study of a generalized linear sigma model. In an SU(3) flavor invariant version of the model there is a prediction that the the lighter scalars have sizeable "four quark" content. It is further predicted that one of the singlet scalars should be exceptionally light. Due to the presence of scalar mesons, the model gives "controlled" corrections to the current algebra formula for threshold pion pion scattering. These corections act in the direction to improve agreement with current experiments.
hep-ph
a brief discussion of the recent interest in light scalar mesons motivates the study of a generalized linear sigma model in an su3 flavor invariant version of the model there is a prediction that the the lighter scalars have sizeable four quark content it is further predicted that one of the singlet scalars should be exceptionally light due to the presence of scalar mesons the model gives controlled corrections to the current algebra formula for threshold pion pion scattering these corections act in the direction to improve agreement with current experiments
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711.2276
Fermion-fermion and boson-boson amplitudes: surprising similarities
Amplitudes for fermion-fermion, boson-boson and fermion-boson interactions are calculated in the second order of perturbation theory in the Lobachevsky space. An essential ingredient of the model is the Weinberg's 2(2j+1)-component formalism for describing a particle of spin j. The boson-boson amplitude is then compared with the two-fermion amplitude obtained long ago by Skachkov on the basis of the Hamiltonian formulation of quantum field theory on the mass hyperboloid, p_0^2 - p^2=M^2, proposed by Kadyshevsky. The parametrization of the amplitudes by means of the momentum transfer in the Lobachevsky space leads to same spin structures in the expressions of T-matrices for the fermion case and the boson case. However, certain differences are found. Possible physical applications are discussed.
math-ph hep-ph hep-th math.MP
amplitudes for fermionfermion bosonboson and fermionboson interactions are calculated in the second order of perturbation theory in the lobachevsky space an essential ingredient of the model is the weinbergs 22j1component formalism for describing a particle of spin j the bosonboson amplitude is then compared with the twofermion amplitude obtained long ago by skachkov on the basis of the hamiltonian formulation of quantum field theory on the mass hyperboloid p_02 p2m2 proposed by kadyshevsky the parametrization of the amplitudes by means of the momentum transfer in the lobachevsky space leads to same spin structures in the expressions of tmatrices for the fermion case and the boson case however certain differences are found possible physical applications are discussed
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711.2277
Correlating prompt GRB photons with neutrinos
It is standard in theoretical neutrino astrophysics to use a broken power law approximation, based on the Band function, to describe the average photon flux of the prompt emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts. We will show that this approximation overestimates the contribution of high energy gamma-rays (and underestimates low energy gamma-rays). As a consequence models that rely on this approximation overestimate neutrino event rate by a factor of approx 2 depending on Earth's column density in the direction of the GRB. Furthermore the characteristic energy of neutrinos that trigger a km^3 detector is typically 10^{16} eV, higher than previously predicted. We also provide a new broken power law approximation to the Band function and show that it properly represents the photon spectra.
astro-ph
it is standard in theoretical neutrino astrophysics to use a broken power law approximation based on the band function to describe the average photon flux of the prompt emission of gammaray bursts we will show that this approximation overestimates the contribution of high energy gammarays and underestimates low energy gammarays as a consequence models that rely on this approximation overestimate neutrino event rate by a factor of approx 2 depending on earths column density in the direction of the grb furthermore the characteristic energy of neutrinos that trigger a km3 detector is typically 1016 ev higher than previously predicted we also provide a new broken power law approximation to the band function and show that it properly represents the photon spectra
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711.2278
Antisymmetric Tensor Fields, 4-Vector Fields, Indefinite Metrics and Normalization
On the basis of our recent modifications of the Dirac formalism we generalize the Bargmann-Wigner formalism for higher spins to be compatible with other formalisms for bosons. Relations with dual electrodynamics, with the Ogievetskii-Polubarinov notoph and the Weinberg 2(2J+1) theory are found. Next, we introduce the dual analogues of the Riemann tensor and derive corresponding dynamical equations in the Minkowski space. Relations with the Marques-Spehler chiral gravity theory are discussed. The problem of indefinite metrics, particularly, in quantization of 4-vector fields is clarified.
math-ph gr-qc hep-th math.MP
on the basis of our recent modifications of the dirac formalism we generalize the bargmannwigner formalism for higher spins to be compatible with other formalisms for bosons relations with dual electrodynamics with the ogievetskiipolubarinov notoph and the weinberg 22j1 theory are found next we introduce the dual analogues of the riemann tensor and derive corresponding dynamical equations in the minkowski space relations with the marquesspehler chiral gravity theory are discussed the problem of indefinite metrics particularly in quantization of 4vector fields is clarified
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711.2279
Developments in Black Hole Research: Classical, Semi-classical, and Quantum
The possible existence of black holes has fascinated scientists at least since Michell and Laplace's proposal that a gravitating object could exist from which light could not escape. In the 20th century, in light of the general theory of relativity, it became apparent that, were such objects to exist, their structure would be far richer than originally imagined. Today, astronomical observations strongly suggest that either black holes, or objects with similar properties, not only exist but may well be abundant in our universe. In light of this, black hole research is now not only motivated by the fascinating theoretical properties such objects must possess but also as an attempt to better understand the universe around us. We review here some selected developments in black hole research, from a review of its early history to current topics in black hole physics research. Black holes have been studied at all levels; classically, semi-classically, and more recently, as an arena to test predictions of candidate theories of quantum gravity. We will review here progress and current research at all these levels as well as discuss some proposed alternatives to black holes.
gr-qc
the possible existence of black holes has fascinated scientists at least since michell and laplaces proposal that a gravitating object could exist from which light could not escape in the 20th century in light of the general theory of relativity it became apparent that were such objects to exist their structure would be far richer than originally imagined today astronomical observations strongly suggest that either black holes or objects with similar properties not only exist but may well be abundant in our universe in light of this black hole research is now not only motivated by the fascinating theoretical properties such objects must possess but also as an attempt to better understand the universe around us we review here some selected developments in black hole research from a review of its early history to current topics in black hole physics research black holes have been studied at all levels classically semiclassically and more recently as an arena to test predictions of candidate theories of quantum gravity we will review here progress and current research at all these levels as well as discuss some proposed alternatives to black holes
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711.228
Properties of quark gluon plasma from lattice calculations
I discuss lattice QCD calculations of the properties of strongly interacting matter at finite temperature, including the determination of the transition temperature Tc, equation of state, different static screening lengths and quarkonium spectral functions. The lattice data suggest that at temperatures above 2Tc many properties of the quark gluon plasma can be understood using weak coupling approach, although non-perturbative effects due to static magnetic fields are significant in some quantities.
hep-lat
i discuss lattice qcd calculations of the properties of strongly interacting matter at finite temperature including the determination of the transition temperature tc equation of state different static screening lengths and quarkonium spectral functions the lattice data suggest that at temperatures above 2tc many properties of the quark gluon plasma can be understood using weak coupling approach although nonperturbative effects due to static magnetic fields are significant in some quantities
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711.2281
High-excitation OH and H_2O lines in Markarian 231: the molecular signatures of compact far-infrared continuum sources
The ISO/LWS far-infrared spectrum of the ultraluminous galaxy Mkn 231 shows OH and H_2O lines in absorption from energy levels up to 300 K above the ground state, and emission in the [O I] 63 micron and [C II] 158 micron lines. Our analysis shows that OH and H_2O are radiatively pumped by the far-infrared continuum emission of the galaxy. The absorptions in the high-excitation lines require high far-infrared radiation densities, allowing us to constrain the properties of the underlying continuum source. The bulk of the far-infrared continuum arises from a warm (T_dust=70-100 K), optically thick (tau_100micron=1-2) medium of effective diameter 200-400 pc. In our best-fit model of total luminosity L_IR, the observed OH and H2O high-lying lines arise from a luminous (L/L_IR~0.56) region with radius ~100 pc. The high surface brightness of this component suggests that its infrared emission is dominated by the AGN. The derived column densities N(OH)>~10^{17} cm^{-2} and N(H_2O)>~6x10^{16} cm^{-2} may indicate XDR chemistry, although significant starburst chemistry cannot be ruled out. The lower-lying OH, [C II] 158 micron, and [O I] 63 micron lines arise from a more extended (~350 pc) starburst region. We show that the [C II] deficit in Mkn 231 is compatible with a high average abundance of C+ because of an extreme overall luminosity to gas mass ratio. Therefore, a [C II] deficit may indicate a significant contribution to the luminosity by an AGN, and/or by extremely efficient star formation.
astro-ph
the isolws farinfrared spectrum of the ultraluminous galaxy mkn 231 shows oh and h_2o lines in absorption from energy levels up to 300 k above the ground state and emission in the o i 63 micron and c ii 158 micron lines our analysis shows that oh and h_2o are radiatively pumped by the farinfrared continuum emission of the galaxy the absorptions in the highexcitation lines require high farinfrared radiation densities allowing us to constrain the properties of the underlying continuum source the bulk of the farinfrared continuum arises from a warm t_dust70100 k optically thick tau_100micron12 medium of effective diameter 200400 pc in our bestfit model of total luminosity l_ir the observed oh and h2o highlying lines arise from a luminous ll_ir056 region with radius 100 pc the high surface brightness of this component suggests that its infrared emission is dominated by the agn the derived column densities noh1017 cm2 and nh_2o6x1016 cm2 may indicate xdr chemistry although significant starburst chemistry cannot be ruled out the lowerlying oh c ii 158 micron and o i 63 micron lines arise from a more extended 350 pc starburst region we show that the c ii deficit in mkn 231 is compatible with a high average abundance of c because of an extreme overall luminosity to gas mass ratio therefore a c ii deficit may indicate a significant contribution to the luminosity by an agn andor by extremely efficient star formation
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711.2282
Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays: origin and propagation
We discuss the basic difficulties in understanding the origin of the highest energy particles in the Universe - the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECR). It is difficult to imagine the sources they are accelerated in. Because of the strong attenuation of UHECR on their propagation from the sources to us these sources should be at cosmologically short distance from us but are currently not identified. We also give information of the most recent experimental results including the ones reported at this conference and compare them to models of the UHECR origin.
astro-ph
we discuss the basic difficulties in understanding the origin of the highest energy particles in the universe the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays uhecr it is difficult to imagine the sources they are accelerated in because of the strong attenuation of uhecr on their propagation from the sources to us these sources should be at cosmologically short distance from us but are currently not identified we also give information of the most recent experimental results including the ones reported at this conference and compare them to models of the uhecr origin
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711.2283
Possible Coexistence of Antihydrogen with Hydrogen, Deuterium and Tritium Atoms
Recent productions of large numbers of cold antiprotons as well as the formation of antihydrogens at CERN and Fermilab have raised basic questions about possible coexistence of matter and antimatter in nature. In the present work, previous mathematical considerations are revisited which support the possible coexistence of Antihydrogen with Hydrogen, Deuterium and Tritium atoms. In particular, the main objective of the present work is to present computational treatments which confirm the possible formation of these quasi molecules in laboratory. These treatments are based on a nonadiabatic picture of the system in which generalized basis functions are adjusted within the framework of Rayleigh-Ritz' variational method. Thus, it is ruled out in the present work the Born-Oppenheimer adiabatic picture of the system, which demands the existence of bound states composed of fixed quasi heavy atoms (containing at least two baryons, e.g. protonium (Pn), with mean lifetime 1.0x10^^-6 s) and quasi light atoms (composed of two leptons, e.g. positronium (Ps), with mean lifetime 125x10^^-12 s for para-Ps and 142.05x10^^-9 s for ortho-Ps). Our calculations of the binding energies and internal structure of Antihydrogen-Hydrogen, Antihydrogen-Deuterium and Antihydrogen-Tritium show that these quasi molecules are bound and could be formed in nature. On the other hand, having in mind the adiabatic picture of the systems, our results suggest the possible formation of these molecules as resonant states in Antihydrogen-Atom interaction. Nevertheless, several arguments are accumulated in the conclusion as consequences of the proposed bound states.
physics.atm-clus physics.plasm-ph
recent productions of large numbers of cold antiprotons as well as the formation of antihydrogens at cern and fermilab have raised basic questions about possible coexistence of matter and antimatter in nature in the present work previous mathematical considerations are revisited which support the possible coexistence of antihydrogen with hydrogen deuterium and tritium atoms in particular the main objective of the present work is to present computational treatments which confirm the possible formation of these quasi molecules in laboratory these treatments are based on a nonadiabatic picture of the system in which generalized basis functions are adjusted within the framework of rayleighritz variational method thus it is ruled out in the present work the bornoppenheimer adiabatic picture of the system which demands the existence of bound states composed of fixed quasi heavy atoms containing at least two baryons eg protonium pn with mean lifetime 10x106 s and quasi light atoms composed of two leptons eg positronium ps with mean lifetime 125x1012 s for paraps and 14205x109 s for orthops our calculations of the binding energies and internal structure of antihydrogenhydrogen antihydrogendeuterium and antihydrogentritium show that these quasi molecules are bound and could be formed in nature on the other hand having in mind the adiabatic picture of the systems our results suggest the possible formation of these molecules as resonant states in antihydrogenatom interaction nevertheless several arguments are accumulated in the conclusion as consequences of the proposed bound states
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711.2284
Numerical simulations of possible finite time singularities in the incompressible Euler equations: comparison of numerical methods
The numerical simulation of the 3D incompressible Euler equation is analyzed with respect to different integration methods. The numerical schemes we considered include spectral methods with different strategies for dealiasing and two variants of finite difference methods. Based on this comparison, a Kida-Pelz like initial condition is integrated using adaptive mesh refinement and estimates on the necessary numerical resolution are given. This estimate is based on analyzing the scaling behavior similar to the procedure in critical phenomena and present simulations are put into perspective.
physics.flu-dyn physics.comp-ph
the numerical simulation of the 3d incompressible euler equation is analyzed with respect to different integration methods the numerical schemes we considered include spectral methods with different strategies for dealiasing and two variants of finite difference methods based on this comparison a kidapelz like initial condition is integrated using adaptive mesh refinement and estimates on the necessary numerical resolution are given this estimate is based on analyzing the scaling behavior similar to the procedure in critical phenomena and present simulations are put into perspective
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711.2285
Impact on $\gamma\phi_3$ from CLEO-c Using CP-tagged $D\toK_{S,L}\pi\pi$ Decays
Precision determination of the CKM angle $\gamma/\phi_3$ depends upon constraints on charm mixing amplitudes, measurements of doubly-Cabibbo suppressed amplitudes and relative phases, and studies of charm Dalitz plots tagged by flavor or CP eigenstates. In this note we describe the technique used at CLEO-c to constrain the $K_{S,L}\pi\pi$ model uncertainty, and its impact on $\gamma/\phi_3$ measurements at B-factories presented at the Charm 2007 Workshop.
hep-ex
precision determination of the ckm angle gammaphi_3 depends upon constraints on charm mixing amplitudes measurements of doublycabibbo suppressed amplitudes and relative phases and studies of charm dalitz plots tagged by flavor or cp eigenstates in this note we describe the technique used at cleoc to constrain the k_slpipi model uncertainty and its impact on gammaphi_3 measurements at bfactories presented at the charm 2007 workshop
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711.2286
The Aizenman-Sims-Starr scheme for the SK model with multidimensional spins
This paper has been temporarily withdrawn for revision by the authors.
math.PR math-ph math.MP
this paper has been temporarily withdrawn for revision by the authors
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711.2287
Correlation diagrams in collisions of three identical particles
We discuss collision of three identical particles and derive scattering selection rules from initial to final states of the particles. We use either laboratory-frame, hyperspherical, or Jacobian coordinates depending on which one is best suited to describe three different configurations of the particles: (1) three free particles, (2) a quasi-bound trimer, or (3) a dimer and a free particle. We summarize quantum numbers conserved during the collision as well as quantum numbers that are appropriate for a given configuration but may change during the scattering process. The total symmetry of the system depends on these quantum numbers. Based on the selection rules, we construct correlation diagrams between different configurations before and after a collision. In particular, we describe a possible recombination of the system into one free particle and a dimer, which can be used, for example, to identify possible decay products of quasi-stationary three-body states
physics.atom-ph
we discuss collision of three identical particles and derive scattering selection rules from initial to final states of the particles we use either laboratoryframe hyperspherical or jacobian coordinates depending on which one is best suited to describe three different configurations of the particles 1 three free particles 2 a quasibound trimer or 3 a dimer and a free particle we summarize quantum numbers conserved during the collision as well as quantum numbers that are appropriate for a given configuration but may change during the scattering process the total symmetry of the system depends on these quantum numbers based on the selection rules we construct correlation diagrams between different configurations before and after a collision in particular we describe a possible recombination of the system into one free particle and a dimer which can be used for example to identify possible decay products of quasistationary threebody states
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711.2288
Detection of Contact Binaries Using Sparse High Phase Angle Lightcurves
We show that candidate contact binary asteroids can be efficiently identified from sparsely sampled photometry taken at phase angles >60deg. At high phase angle, close/contact binary systems produce distinctive lightcurves that spend most of the time at maximum or minimum (typically >1mag apart) brightness with relatively fast transitions between the two. This means that a few (~5) sparse observations will suffice to measure the large range of variation and identify candidate contact binary systems. This finding can be used in the context of all-sky surveys to constrain the fraction of contact binary near-Earth objects. High phase angle lightcurve data can also reveal the absolute sense of the spin.
astro-ph
we show that candidate contact binary asteroids can be efficiently identified from sparsely sampled photometry taken at phase angles 60deg at high phase angle closecontact binary systems produce distinctive lightcurves that spend most of the time at maximum or minimum typically 1mag apart brightness with relatively fast transitions between the two this means that a few 5 sparse observations will suffice to measure the large range of variation and identify candidate contact binary systems this finding can be used in the context of allsky surveys to constrain the fraction of contact binary nearearth objects high phase angle lightcurve data can also reveal the absolute sense of the spin
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711.2289
Accurate calculation of resonances in multiple-well oscillators
Quantum--mechanical multiple--well oscillators exhibit curious complex eigenvalues that resemble resonances in models with continuum spectra. We discuss a method for the accurate calculation of their real and imaginary parts.
math-ph math.MP
quantummechanical multiplewell oscillators exhibit curious complex eigenvalues that resemble resonances in models with continuum spectra we discuss a method for the accurate calculation of their real and imaginary parts
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711.229
Optical/Infrared Observations of the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar 1E 1048.1-5937 During Its 2007 X-Ray Flare
We report on optical and infrared observations of the anomalous X-ray pulsar (AXP) 1E 1048.1-5937, made during its ongoing X-ray flare which started in 2007 March. We detected the source in the optical I and near-infrared Ks bands in two ground-based observations and obtained deep flux upper limits from four observations, including one with the Spitzer Space Telescope at 4.5 and 8.0 microns. The detections indicate that the source was approximately 1.3--1.6 magnitudes brighter than in 2003--2006, when it was at the tail of a previous similar X-ray flare. Similar related flux variations have been seen in two other AXPs during their X-ray outbursts, suggesting common behavior for large X-ray flux variation events in AXPs. The Spitzer flux 1E 1048.1-5937 limits are sufficiently deep that we can exclude mid-infrared emission similar to that from the AXP 4U 0142+61, which has been interpreted as arising from a dust disk around the AXP. The optical/near-infrared emission from probably has a magnetospheric origin. The similarity in the flux spectra of 4U 0142+61 and 1E 1048.1-5937 challenges the dust disk model proposed for the latter.
astro-ph
we report on optical and infrared observations of the anomalous xray pulsar axp 1e 104815937 made during its ongoing xray flare which started in 2007 march we detected the source in the optical i and nearinfrared ks bands in two groundbased observations and obtained deep flux upper limits from four observations including one with the spitzer space telescope at 45 and 80 microns the detections indicate that the source was approximately 1316 magnitudes brighter than in 20032006 when it was at the tail of a previous similar xray flare similar related flux variations have been seen in two other axps during their xray outbursts suggesting common behavior for large xray flux variation events in axps the spitzer flux 1e 104815937 limits are sufficiently deep that we can exclude midinfrared emission similar to that from the axp 4u 014261 which has been interpreted as arising from a dust disk around the axp the opticalnearinfrared emission from probably has a magnetospheric origin the similarity in the flux spectra of 4u 014261 and 1e 104815937 challenges the dust disk model proposed for the latter
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711.2291
Local gradient estimates of p-harmonic functions, 1/H-flow, and an entropy formula
In the first part of this paper, we prove local interior and boundary gradient estimates for p-harmonic functions on general Riemannian manifolds. With these estimates, following the strategy in recent work of R. Moser, we prove an existence theorem for weak solutions to the level set formulation of the 1/H (inverse mean curvature) flow for hypersurfaces in ambient manifolds satisfying a sharp volume growth assumption. In the second part of this paper, we consider two parabolic analogues of the p-Laplace equation and prove sharp Li-Yau type gradient estimates for positive solutions to these equations on manifolds of nonnegative Ricci curvature. For one of these equations, we also prove an entropy monotonicity formula generalizing an earlier such formula of the second author for the linear heat equation. As an application of this formula, we show that a complete Riemannian manifold with non-negative Ricci curvature and sharp L^p-logarithmic Sobolev inequality must be isometric to Euclidean space.
math.AP math.DG
in the first part of this paper we prove local interior and boundary gradient estimates for pharmonic functions on general riemannian manifolds with these estimates following the strategy in recent work of r moser we prove an existence theorem for weak solutions to the level set formulation of the 1h inverse mean curvature flow for hypersurfaces in ambient manifolds satisfying a sharp volume growth assumption in the second part of this paper we consider two parabolic analogues of the plaplace equation and prove sharp liyau type gradient estimates for positive solutions to these equations on manifolds of nonnegative ricci curvature for one of these equations we also prove an entropy monotonicity formula generalizing an earlier such formula of the second author for the linear heat equation as an application of this formula we show that a complete riemannian manifold with nonnegative ricci curvature and sharp lplogarithmic sobolev inequality must be isometric to euclidean space
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711.2292
Viscous Dark Energy Models with Variable G and Lambda
We consider a cosmological model with bulk viscosity ($\eta$) and variable cosmological $(\Lambda\propto \rho^{-\alpha}, \alpha=\rm const.$) and gravitational ($G$) constants. The model exhibits many interesting cosmological features. Inflation proceeds du to the presence of bulk viscosity and dark energy without requiring the equation of state $p=-\rho$. During the inflationary era the energy density ($\rho$) does not remain constant, as in the de-Sitter type. Moreover, the cosmological and gravitational constants increase exponentially with time, whereas the energy density and viscosity decrease exponentially with time. The rate of mass creation during inflation is found to be very huge suggesting that all matter in the universe was created during inflation.
hep-th
we consider a cosmological model with bulk viscosity eta and variable cosmological lambdapropto rhoalpha alpharm const and gravitational g constants the model exhibits many interesting cosmological features inflation proceeds du to the presence of bulk viscosity and dark energy without requiring the equation of state prho during the inflationary era the energy density rho does not remain constant as in the desitter type moreover the cosmological and gravitational constants increase exponentially with time whereas the energy density and viscosity decrease exponentially with time the rate of mass creation during inflation is found to be very huge suggesting that all matter in the universe was created during inflation
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711.2293
A runaway collision in a young star cluster as the origin of the brightest supernova
Supernova 2006gy in the galaxy NGC 1260 is the most luminous one recorded \cite{2006CBET..644....1Q, 2006CBET..647....1H, 2006CBET..648....1P, 2006CBET..695....1F}. Its progenitor might have been a very massive ($>100$ \msun) star \cite{2006astro.ph.12617S}, but that is incompatible with hydrogen in the spectrum of the supernova, because stars $>40$ \msun are believed to have shed their hydrogen envelopes several hundred thousand years before the explosion \cite{2005A&A...429..581M}. Alternatively, the progenitor might have arisen from the merger of two massive stars \cite{2007ApJ...659L..13O}. Here we show that the collision frequency of massive stars in a dense and young cluster (of the kind to be expected near the center of a galaxy) is sufficient to provide a reasonable chance that SN 2006gy resulted from such a bombardment. If this is the correct explanation, then we predict that when the supernova fades (in a year or so) a dense cluster of massive stars becomes visible at the site of the explosion.
astro-ph
supernova 2006gy in the galaxy ngc 1260 is the most luminous one recorded cite2006cbet6441q 2006cbet6471h 2006cbet6481p 2006cbet6951f its progenitor might have been a very massive 100 msun star cite2006astroph12617s but that is incompatible with hydrogen in the spectrum of the supernova because stars 40 msun are believed to have shed their hydrogen envelopes several hundred thousand years before the explosion cite2005aa429581m alternatively the progenitor might have arisen from the merger of two massive stars cite2007apj659l13o here we show that the collision frequency of massive stars in a dense and young cluster of the kind to be expected near the center of a galaxy is sufficient to provide a reasonable chance that sn 2006gy resulted from such a bombardment if this is the correct explanation then we predict that when the supernova fades in a year or so a dense cluster of massive stars becomes visible at the site of the explosion
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711.2294
Breakdown of universal transport in correlated d-wave superconductors
The prediction and observation of low-temperature universal thermal conductivity in cuprates has served as a keystone of theoretical approaches to the superconducting state, but recent measurements on underdoped samples show strong violations of this apparently fundamental property of d-wave nodal quasiparticles. Here, we show that the breakdown of universality may be understood as the consequence of disorder-induced magnetic states in the presence of increasing antiferromagnetic correlations in the underdoped state, even as these same correlations protect the nodal low-energy density of states in agreement with recent scanning tunneling experiments.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
the prediction and observation of lowtemperature universal thermal conductivity in cuprates has served as a keystone of theoretical approaches to the superconducting state but recent measurements on underdoped samples show strong violations of this apparently fundamental property of dwave nodal quasiparticles here we show that the breakdown of universality may be understood as the consequence of disorderinduced magnetic states in the presence of increasing antiferromagnetic correlations in the underdoped state even as these same correlations protect the nodal lowenergy density of states in agreement with recent scanning tunneling experiments
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711.2295
Simulating Anisotropic Thermal Conduction in Supernova Remnants, Implications for the Interstellar Medium
We present a large number of two and a half dimensional simulations of supernova remnants expanding into interstellar media having a range of densities, temperatures and magnetic field strengths. The volume of hot gas produced is strongly dependent on the inclusion of thermal conduction and magnetic fields. The four-volumes and three-areas of hot gas have been catalogued and their dependence on interstellar parameters documented. Simulated line widths of radioactive species ejected by supernovae have also been catalogued.
astro-ph
we present a large number of two and a half dimensional simulations of supernova remnants expanding into interstellar media having a range of densities temperatures and magnetic field strengths the volume of hot gas produced is strongly dependent on the inclusion of thermal conduction and magnetic fields the fourvolumes and threeareas of hot gas have been catalogued and their dependence on interstellar parameters documented simulated line widths of radioactive species ejected by supernovae have also been catalogued
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711.2296
On rationality of W-algebras
We study the problem of classification of triples ($\mathfrak{g}, f, k$), where $\mathfrak{g}$ is a simple Lie algebra, $f$ its nilpotent element and $k \in \CC$, for which the simple $W$-algebra $W_k (\mathfrak{g}, f)$ is rational.
math-ph math.MP
we study the problem of classification of triples mathfrakg f k where mathfrakg is a simple lie algebra f its nilpotent element and k in cc for which the simple walgebra w_k mathfrakg f is rational
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711.2297
Traversable wormholes in a string cloud
We study spherically symmetric thin-shell wormholes in a string cloud background in (3+1)-dimensional spacetime. The amount of exotic matter required for the construction, the traversability and the stability under radial perturbations, are analyzed as functions of the parameters of the model. Besides, in the Appendices a non perturbative approach to the dynamics and a possible extension of the analysis to a related model are briefly discussed.
gr-qc astro-ph
we study spherically symmetric thinshell wormholes in a string cloud background in 31dimensional spacetime the amount of exotic matter required for the construction the traversability and the stability under radial perturbations are analyzed as functions of the parameters of the model besides in the appendices a non perturbative approach to the dynamics and a possible extension of the analysis to a related model are briefly discussed
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711.2298
Neutron scattering and extra short range interactions
The available data on neutron scattering were analyzed to constrain a hypothetical new short-range interaction. We show that these constraints are several orders of magnitude better than those usually cited in the range between 1 pm and 5 nm. This distance range occupies an intermediate space between collider searches for strongly coupled heavy bosons and searches for new weak macroscopic forces. We emphasise the reliability of the neutron constraints in so far as they provide several independent strategies. We have identified the most promising way to improve them.
hep-ph
the available data on neutron scattering were analyzed to constrain a hypothetical new shortrange interaction we show that these constraints are several orders of magnitude better than those usually cited in the range between 1 pm and 5 nm this distance range occupies an intermediate space between collider searches for strongly coupled heavy bosons and searches for new weak macroscopic forces we emphasise the reliability of the neutron constraints in so far as they provide several independent strategies we have identified the most promising way to improve them
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711.2299
Masses and Mixing of $c q \bar{q} \bar{q}$ Tetraquarks Using Glozman-Riska Hyperfine Interaction
In this paper we perform a detailed study of the masses and mixing of the single charmed scalar tetraquarks: $c q \bar{q} \bar{q}$. We also give a systematic analysis of these tetraquark states by weight diagrams, quantum numbers and flavor wave functions. Tetraquark masses are calculated using four different fits. The following SU(3)$_\mathrm{F}$ representations are discussed: $\bar{15}_\mathrm{S}$, $\bar{3}_\mathrm{S}$, $6_\mathrm{A}$ and $\bar{3}_\mathrm{A}$. We use the flavor-spin Glozman-Riska interaction Hamiltonian with SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking. There are 27 different tetraquarks composed of a charm quark $c$ and of the three light flavors $u, d, s$: 11 cryptoexotic (3 D$_\mathrm{s}^{+}$, 4 D$^{+}$, 4 D$^{0}$) and 16 explicit exotic states. We discuss D$_\mathrm{s}$ and its isospin partners in the same multiplet, as well as all the other four-quark states. Some explicit exotic states appear in the spectrum with the same masses as D$_\mathrm{s}^{+}$(2632) in $\bar{15}_\mathrm{S}$ and with the same masses as D$_\mathrm{s}^{+}$(2317) in $6_\mathrm{A}$ representation, which confirm the tetraquark nature of these states.
hep-ph
in this paper we perform a detailed study of the masses and mixing of the single charmed scalar tetraquarks c q barq barq we also give a systematic analysis of these tetraquark states by weight diagrams quantum numbers and flavor wave functions tetraquark masses are calculated using four different fits the following su3_mathrmf representations are discussed bar15_mathrms bar3_mathrms 6_mathrma and bar3_mathrma we use the flavorspin glozmanriska interaction hamiltonian with su3 flavor symmetry breaking there are 27 different tetraquarks composed of a charm quark c and of the three light flavors u d s 11 cryptoexotic 3 d_mathrms 4 d 4 d0 and 16 explicit exotic states we discuss d_mathrms and its isospin partners in the same multiplet as well as all the other fourquark states some explicit exotic states appear in the spectrum with the same masses as d_mathrms2632 in bar15_mathrms and with the same masses as d_mathrms2317 in 6_mathrma representation which confirm the tetraquark nature of these states
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711.23
Stationary strings and branes in the higher-dimensional Kerr-NUT-(A)dS spacetimes
We demonstrate complete integrability of the Nambu-Goto equations for a stationary string in the general Kerr-NUT-(A)dS spacetime describing the higher-dimensional rotating black hole. The stationary string in D dimensions is generated by a 1-parameter family of Killing trajectories and the problem of finding a string configuration reduces to a problem of finding a geodesic line in an effective (D-1)-dimensional space. Resulting integrability of this geodesic problem is connected with the existence of hidden symmetries which are inherited from the black hole background. In a spacetime with p mutually commuting Killing vectors it is possible to introduce a concept of a $\xi$-brane, that is a p-brane with the worldvolume generated by these fields and a 1-dimensional curve. We discuss integrability of such $\xi$-branes in the Kerr-NUT-(A)dS spacetime.
hep-th gr-qc
we demonstrate complete integrability of the nambugoto equations for a stationary string in the general kerrnutads spacetime describing the higherdimensional rotating black hole the stationary string in d dimensions is generated by a 1parameter family of killing trajectories and the problem of finding a string configuration reduces to a problem of finding a geodesic line in an effective d1dimensional space resulting integrability of this geodesic problem is connected with the existence of hidden symmetries which are inherited from the black hole background in a spacetime with p mutually commuting killing vectors it is possible to introduce a concept of a xibrane that is a pbrane with the worldvolume generated by these fields and a 1dimensional curve we discuss integrability of such xibranes in the kerrnutads spacetime
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711.2301
Entanglement Entropy, decoherence, and quantum phase transition of a dissipative two-level system
The concept of entanglement entropy appears in multiple contexts, from black hole physics to quantum information theory, where it measures the entanglement of quantum states. We investigate the entanglement entropy in a simple model, the spin-boson model, which describes a qubit (two-level system) interacting with a collection of harmonic oscillators that models the environment responsible for decoherence and dissipation. The entanglement entropy allows to make a precise unification between entanglement of the spin with its environment, decoherence, and quantum phase transitions. We derive exact analytical results which are confirmed by Numerical Renormalization Group arguments both for an ohmic and a subohmic bosonic bath. Those demonstrate that the entanglement entropy obeys universal scalings. We make comparisons with entanglement properties in the quantum Ising model and in the Dicke model. We also emphasize the possibility of measuring this entanglement entropy using charge qubits subject to electromagnetic noise; such measurements would provide an empirical proof of the existence of entanglement entropy.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.other
the concept of entanglement entropy appears in multiple contexts from black hole physics to quantum information theory where it measures the entanglement of quantum states we investigate the entanglement entropy in a simple model the spinboson model which describes a qubit twolevel system interacting with a collection of harmonic oscillators that models the environment responsible for decoherence and dissipation the entanglement entropy allows to make a precise unification between entanglement of the spin with its environment decoherence and quantum phase transitions we derive exact analytical results which are confirmed by numerical renormalization group arguments both for an ohmic and a subohmic bosonic bath those demonstrate that the entanglement entropy obeys universal scalings we make comparisons with entanglement properties in the quantum ising model and in the dicke model we also emphasize the possibility of measuring this entanglement entropy using charge qubits subject to electromagnetic noise such measurements would provide an empirical proof of the existence of entanglement entropy
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711.2302
Consequences of dark matter self-annihilation for galaxy formation
Galaxy formation requires a process that continually heats gas and quenches star formation in order to reproduce the observed shape of the luminosity function of bright galaxies. To accomplish this, current models invoke heating from supernovae, and energy injection from active galactic nuclei. However, observations of radio-loud active galactic nuclei suggest that their feedback is likely to not be as efficient as required, signaling the need for additional heating processes. We propose the self-annihilation of weakly interacting massive particles that constitute dark matter as a steady source of heating. In this paper, we explore the circumstances under which this process may provide the required energy input. To do so, dark matter annihilations are incorporated into a galaxy formation model within the Millennium cosmological simulation. Energy input from self-annihilation can compensate for all the required gas cooling and reproduce the observed galaxy luminosity function only for what appear to be extreme values of the relevant key parameters. The key parameters are: the slope of the inner density profile of dark matter haloes and the outer spike radius. The inner density profile needs to be steepened to slopes of -1.5 or more and the outer spike radius needs to extend to a few tens of parsecs on galaxy scales and a kpc or so on cluster scales. If neutralinos or any thermal relic WIMP with s-wave annihilation constitute dark matter, their self-annihilation is inevitable and could provide enough power to modulate galaxy formation. Energy from self-annihilating WIMPs could be yet another piece of the feedback puzzle along with supernovae and active galactic nuclei.
astro-ph
galaxy formation requires a process that continually heats gas and quenches star formation in order to reproduce the observed shape of the luminosity function of bright galaxies to accomplish this current models invoke heating from supernovae and energy injection from active galactic nuclei however observations of radioloud active galactic nuclei suggest that their feedback is likely to not be as efficient as required signaling the need for additional heating processes we propose the selfannihilation of weakly interacting massive particles that constitute dark matter as a steady source of heating in this paper we explore the circumstances under which this process may provide the required energy input to do so dark matter annihilations are incorporated into a galaxy formation model within the millennium cosmological simulation energy input from selfannihilation can compensate for all the required gas cooling and reproduce the observed galaxy luminosity function only for what appear to be extreme values of the relevant key parameters the key parameters are the slope of the inner density profile of dark matter haloes and the outer spike radius the inner density profile needs to be steepened to slopes of 15 or more and the outer spike radius needs to extend to a few tens of parsecs on galaxy scales and a kpc or so on cluster scales if neutralinos or any thermal relic wimp with swave annihilation constitute dark matter their selfannihilation is inevitable and could provide enough power to modulate galaxy formation energy from selfannihilating wimps could be yet another piece of the feedback puzzle along with supernovae and active galactic nuclei
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711.2303
Low-Mass X-ray Binaries and Globular Clusters in Centaurus A
We present results of Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra X-ray Observatory observations of globular clusters (GCs) and low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in the central regions of Centaurus A. Out of 440 GC candidates we find that 41 host X-ray point sources that are most likely LMXBs. We fit King models to our GC candidates in order to measure their structural parameters. We find that GCs that host LMXBs are denser and more compact, and have higher encounter rates and concentrations than the GC population as a whole. We show that the higher concentrations and masses are a consequence of the dependence of LMXB incidence on central density and size plus the general trend for denser GCs to have higher masses and concentrations. We conclude that neither concentration nor mass are fundamental variables in determining the presence of LMXBs in GCs, and that the more fundamental parameters relate to central density and size.
astro-ph
we present results of hubble space telescope and chandra xray observatory observations of globular clusters gcs and lowmass xray binaries lmxbs in the central regions of centaurus a out of 440 gc candidates we find that 41 host xray point sources that are most likely lmxbs we fit king models to our gc candidates in order to measure their structural parameters we find that gcs that host lmxbs are denser and more compact and have higher encounter rates and concentrations than the gc population as a whole we show that the higher concentrations and masses are a consequence of the dependence of lmxb incidence on central density and size plus the general trend for denser gcs to have higher masses and concentrations we conclude that neither concentration nor mass are fundamental variables in determining the presence of lmxbs in gcs and that the more fundamental parameters relate to central density and size
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711.2304
A Technique for Detecting Starlight Scattered from Transiting Extrasolar Planets with Application to HD 209458b
We present a new technique for detecting scattered starlight from transiting, close-orbiting extrasolar giant planets (CEGPs) that has the virtues of simplicity, robustness, linearity, and model-independence. Given a series of stellar spectra obtained over various phases of the planetary orbit, the goal is to measure the strength of the component scattered by the planet relative to the component coming directly from the star. We use two complementary strategies, both of which rely on the predictable Doppler shifts of both components and on combining the results from many spectral lines and many exposures. In the first strategy, we identify segments of the stellar spectrum that are free of direct absorption lines and add them after Doppler-shifting into the planetary frame. In the second strategy, we compare the distribution of equivalent-width ratios of the scattered and direct components. Both strategies are calibrated with a ``null test'' in which scrambled Doppler shifts are applied to the spectral segments. As an illustrative test case, we apply our technique to spectra of HD 209458 taken when the planet was near opposition (with orbital phases ranging from 11 to 34$\arcdeg$, where 0$\arcdeg$ is at opposition), finding that the planet-to-star flux ratio is $(1.4 \pm 2.9)\times10^{-4}$ in the wavelength range 554$-$681 nm. This corresponds to a geometric albedo of $0.8 \pm 1.6$, assuming the phase function of a Lambert sphere. Although the result is not statistically significant, the achieved sensitivity and relatively small volume of data upon which it is based are very encouraging for future ground-based spectroscopic studies of scattered light from transiting CEGP systems.
astro-ph
we present a new technique for detecting scattered starlight from transiting closeorbiting extrasolar giant planets cegps that has the virtues of simplicity robustness linearity and modelindependence given a series of stellar spectra obtained over various phases of the planetary orbit the goal is to measure the strength of the component scattered by the planet relative to the component coming directly from the star we use two complementary strategies both of which rely on the predictable doppler shifts of both components and on combining the results from many spectral lines and many exposures in the first strategy we identify segments of the stellar spectrum that are free of direct absorption lines and add them after dopplershifting into the planetary frame in the second strategy we compare the distribution of equivalentwidth ratios of the scattered and direct components both strategies are calibrated with a null test in which scrambled doppler shifts are applied to the spectral segments as an illustrative test case we apply our technique to spectra of hd 209458 taken when the planet was near opposition with orbital phases ranging from 11 to 34arcdeg where 0arcdeg is at opposition finding that the planettostar flux ratio is 14 pm 29times104 in the wavelength range 554681 nm this corresponds to a geometric albedo of 08 pm 16 assuming the phase function of a lambert sphere although the result is not statistically significant the achieved sensitivity and relatively small volume of data upon which it is based are very encouraging for future groundbased spectroscopic studies of scattered light from transiting cegp systems
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711.2305
IMAGES I. Strong evolution of galaxy kinematics since z=1
(abbreviated) We present the first results of the ESO large program, ``IMAGES'' which aims at obtaining robust measurements of the kinematics of distant galaxies using the multi-IFU mode of GIRAFFE on the VLT. 3D spectroscopy is essential to robustly measure the often distorted kinematics of distant galaxies (e.g., Flores et al. 2006). We derive the velocity fields and $\sigma$-maps of 36 galaxies at 0.4<z<0.75 from the kinematics of the [OII] emission line doublet, and generate a robust technique to identify the nature of the velocity fields based on the pixels of the highest signal-to-noise ratios (S/N). We have gathered a unique sample of 63 velocity fields of emission line galaxies (W0([OII]) > 15 A) at z=0.4-0.75, which are a representative subsample of the population of M_stellar>1.5x10^{10} M_sun emission line galaxies in this redshift range, and are largely unaffected by cosmic variance. Taking into account all galaxies -with or without emission lines- in that redshift range, we find that at least 41+/-7% of them have anomalous kinematics, i.e., they are not dynamically relaxed. This includes 26+/-7% of distant galaxies with complex kinematics, i.e., they are not simply pressure or rotationally supported. Our result implies that galaxy kinematics are among the most rapidly evolving properties, because locally, only a few percent of the galaxies in this mass range have complex kinematics.
astro-ph
abbreviated we present the first results of the eso large program images which aims at obtaining robust measurements of the kinematics of distant galaxies using the multiifu mode of giraffe on the vlt 3d spectroscopy is essential to robustly measure the often distorted kinematics of distant galaxies eg flores et al 2006 we derive the velocity fields and sigmamaps of 36 galaxies at 04z075 from the kinematics of the oii emission line doublet and generate a robust technique to identify the nature of the velocity fields based on the pixels of the highest signaltonoise ratios sn we have gathered a unique sample of 63 velocity fields of emission line galaxies w0oii 15 a at z04075 which are a representative subsample of the population of m_stellar15x1010 m_sun emission line galaxies in this redshift range and are largely unaffected by cosmic variance taking into account all galaxies with or without emission lines in that redshift range we find that at least 417 of them have anomalous kinematics ie they are not dynamically relaxed this includes 267 of distant galaxies with complex kinematics ie they are not simply pressure or rotationally supported our result implies that galaxy kinematics are among the most rapidly evolving properties because locally only a few percent of the galaxies in this mass range have complex kinematics
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711.2306
TeV gravity in four dimensions?
We describe a model in which the fundamental scale M_\star of the theory which unifies gravity and quantum mechanics is in the TeV range, but without requiring additional spacetime dimensions. The weakness of gravity at low energies is due to a large vacuum expectation of a dilaton like field. The model requires a small dimensionless parameter (the self-coupling of the dilaton) but no fine-tuning. We discuss in detail the dynamical assumptions about nonperturbative quantum gravity required within the model. We observe that M_\star could be quite small, less than a TeV, and that the model could lead to copious strong coupling effects at the LHC. However, semiclassical black holes will not be produced.
hep-ph hep-th
we describe a model in which the fundamental scale m_star of the theory which unifies gravity and quantum mechanics is in the tev range but without requiring additional spacetime dimensions the weakness of gravity at low energies is due to a large vacuum expectation of a dilaton like field the model requires a small dimensionless parameter the selfcoupling of the dilaton but no finetuning we discuss in detail the dynamical assumptions about nonperturbative quantum gravity required within the model we observe that m_star could be quite small less than a tev and that the model could lead to copious strong coupling effects at the lhc however semiclassical black holes will not be produced
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711.2307
Horocycle flows for laminations by hyperbolic Riemann surfaces and Hedlund's theorem
We study the dynamics of the geodesic and horocycle flows of the unit tangent bundle $(\hat M, T^1\mathcal{F})$ of a compact minimal lamination $(M,\mathcal F)$ by negatively curved surfaces. We give conditions under which the action of the affine group generated by the joint action of these flows is minimal, and examples where this action is not minimal. In the first case, we prove that if $\mathcal F$ has a leaf which is not simply connected, the horocyle flow is topologically transitive.
math.DS
we study the dynamics of the geodesic and horocycle flows of the unit tangent bundle hat m t1mathcalf of a compact minimal lamination mmathcal f by negatively curved surfaces we give conditions under which the action of the affine group generated by the joint action of these flows is minimal and examples where this action is not minimal in the first case we prove that if mathcal f has a leaf which is not simply connected the horocyle flow is topologically transitive
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