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711.2308 | Metal Absorption Systems in Spectra of Pairs of QSOs | We present the first large sample of absorption systems in paired QSOs
consisting of 691 absorption systems in the spectra of 310 QSOs including 170
pairings. All these absorption systems have metal lines, usually C IV or Mg II.
We see 17 cases of absorption in one line-of-sight within 200 km/s (1 Mpc) of
absorption in the paired line-of-sight with the probability at least approx 50%
at 100kpc, declining rapidly to 23% at 100 - 200 kpc. We detect clustering on
0.5Mpc scales and see a hint of the "fingers of God" redshift-space distortion.
The distribution matches absorbers arising in galaxies at z=2 with a normal
correlation function and systematic infall velocities but unusually low random
pair-wise velocity differences. Absorption in gas flowing out from galaxies at
a mean velocity of 250 km/s would produce vastly more elongation than we see.
The UV absorption from fast winds that Adelberger et al. 2005 see in spectra of
LBGs is not representative of the absorption that we see. Either the winds are
confined to LBGs, or they can not extend to 40 kpc with large velocities, while
continuing to make UV absorption we see, implying most metals were in place in
the IGM long before z=2. Separately, when we examine the absorption seen when a
sight line passes a second QSO, we see 19 absorbers within 400 km/s of the
partner QSO. The probability of seeing absorption is approximately constant for
impact parameters 0.1 - 1.5 Mpc. Perhaps we do not see a rapid rise in the
probability at small impact parameters because the UV from QSOs destroys some
absorbers near to the QSOs. The 3D distribution of 64 absorbers around 313 QSOs
is to first order isotropic, with just a hint of the anisotropy expected if the
QSO UV emission is beamed, or alternatively QSOs might emit UV isotropically
but for a surprisingly short time of only 0.3Myr.
| astro-ph | we present the first large sample of absorption systems in paired qsos consisting of 691 absorption systems in the spectra of 310 qsos including 170 pairings all these absorption systems have metal lines usually c iv or mg ii we see 17 cases of absorption in one lineofsight within 200 kms 1 mpc of absorption in the paired lineofsight with the probability at least approx 50 at 100kpc declining rapidly to 23 at 100 200 kpc we detect clustering on 05mpc scales and see a hint of the fingers of god redshiftspace distortion the distribution matches absorbers arising in galaxies at z2 with a normal correlation function and systematic infall velocities but unusually low random pairwise velocity differences absorption in gas flowing out from galaxies at a mean velocity of 250 kms would produce vastly more elongation than we see the uv absorption from fast winds that adelberger et al 2005 see in spectra of lbgs is not representative of the absorption that we see either the winds are confined to lbgs or they can not extend to 40 kpc with large velocities while continuing to make uv absorption we see implying most metals were in place in the igm long before z2 separately when we examine the absorption seen when a sight line passes a second qso we see 19 absorbers within 400 kms of the partner qso the probability of seeing absorption is approximately constant for impact parameters 01 15 mpc perhaps we do not see a rapid rise in the probability at small impact parameters because the uv from qsos destroys some absorbers near to the qsos the 3d distribution of 64 absorbers around 313 qsos is to first order isotropic with just a hint of the anisotropy expected if the qso uv emission is beamed or alternatively qsos might emit uv isotropically but for a surprisingly short time of only 03myr | [['we', 'present', 'the', 'first', 'large', 'sample', 'of', 'absorption', 'systems', 'in', 'paired', 'qsos', 'consisting', 'of', '691', 'absorption', 'systems', 'in', 'the', 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711.2309 | Dissipative Quantum Ising model in a cold atomic spin-boson mixture | Using cold bosonic atoms with two (hyperfine) ground states, we introduce a
spin-boson mixture which allows to implement the quantum Ising model in a
tunable dissipative environment. The first specie lies in a deep optical
lattice with tightly confining wells and forms a spin array; spin-up/down
corresponds to occupation by one/no atom at each site. The second specie forms
a superfluid reservoir. Different species are coupled coherently via laser
transitions and collisions. Whereas the laser coupling mimics a transverse
field for the spins, the coupling to the reservoir sound modes induces a
ferromagnetic (Ising) coupling as well as dissipation. This gives rise to an
order-disorder quantum phase transition where the effect of dissipation can be
studied in a controllable manner.
| cond-mat.other | using cold bosonic atoms with two hyperfine ground states we introduce a spinboson mixture which allows to implement the quantum ising model in a tunable dissipative environment the first specie lies in a deep optical lattice with tightly confining wells and forms a spin array spinupdown corresponds to occupation by oneno atom at each site the second specie forms a superfluid reservoir different species are coupled coherently via laser transitions and collisions whereas the laser coupling mimics a transverse field for the spins the coupling to the reservoir sound modes induces a ferromagnetic ising coupling as well as dissipation this gives rise to an orderdisorder quantum phase transition where the effect of dissipation can be studied in a controllable manner | [['using', 'cold', 'bosonic', 'atoms', 'with', 'two', 'hyperfine', 'ground', 'states', 'we', 'introduce', 'a', 'spinboson', 'mixture', 'which', 'allows', 'to', 'implement', 'the', 'quantum', 'ising', 'model', 'in', 'a', 'tunable', 'dissipative', 'environment', 'the', 'first', 'specie', 'lies', 'in', 'a', 'deep', 'optical', 'lattice', 'with', 'tightly', 'confining', 'wells', 'and', 'forms', 'a', 'spin', 'array', 'spinupdown', 'corresponds', 'to', 'occupation', 'by', 'oneno', 'atom', 'at', 'each', 'site', 'the', 'second', 'specie', 'forms', 'a', 'superfluid', 'reservoir', 'different', 'species', 'are', 'coupled', 'coherently', 'via', 'laser', 'transitions', 'and', 'collisions', 'whereas', 'the', 'laser', 'coupling', 'mimics', 'a', 'transverse', 'field', 'for', 'the', 'spins', 'the', 'coupling', 'to', 'the', 'reservoir', 'sound', 'modes', 'induces', 'a', 'ferromagnetic', 'ising', 'coupling', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'dissipation', 'this', 'gives', 'rise', 'to', 'an', 'orderdisorder', 'quantum', 'phase', 'transition', 'where', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'dissipation', 'can', 'be', 'studied', 'in', 'a', 'controllable', 'manner']] | [-0.16545540925522312, 0.2956037553734813, -0.028078923240585738, -0.001499194755539799, -0.015696704853326082, -0.2155377983561709, 0.031273178267097024, 0.3763268590599549, -0.23677549106577614, -0.25297898149603054, -0.03166322801712149, -0.2857590263667604, -0.0606164669602358, 0.12878930723458967, 0.08487458901182443, -0.009854435756364289, 0.000600091931547093, 0.0007533731610130737, -0.020357991717442746, -0.1575083444892828, 0.2854812643900386, 0.016384727473932263, 0.2721558969561793, 0.042241440299397505, 0.12559060027290667, -0.005454698804484195, 0.17255106453951097, -0.04160316642217275, -0.1149012692264837, 0.06946308460030823, 0.24506735497451693, -0.0767883525832611, 0.2323156396600128, -0.4393327184522352, -0.20386208740391715, 0.0636758163254395, 0.15013059138265603, 0.23055311113286825, -0.04870880478132172, -0.31257511758609446, -0.11398943309758265, -0.19272494240577856, -0.11047244417684607, -0.07072748179731406, -0.013585256971223201, 0.012146370548034916, -0.31169167818978993, 0.07330617422488432, 0.04444374113652792, 0.0576667328878255, -0.04926093260634362, -0.02304446398272735, -0.03585125105416387, 0.07228330959479849, -0.05309332736685653, 0.07064784972482369, 0.20315620028452963, -0.1150806923074053, -0.11415536943901361, 0.40178048122329874, -0.14431614451454716, -0.14759452008063115, 0.22373014942844624, -0.11923238527452369, -0.07226861405632451, 0.1217370818157782, 0.14214495650860443, 0.050314689149000065, -0.14970039733599463, 0.07417308616534095, 0.01662717300991551, 0.19261900281549252, 0.04008649317391154, 0.06257113299778655, 0.294102835766345, 0.19047317469195157, 0.04686106518380532, 0.25824050276497174, -0.09593031523424443, -0.16822247138293853, -0.25467323135396763, -0.15389435874697352, -0.22802356899786397, 0.05807790944368398, -0.0479773434557455, -0.16580599819568276, 0.40956876596373293, 0.11885414953869886, 0.20386882469120646, -0.03675527523854794, 0.26630229982273546, 0.12916898183297648, 0.06809249234252743, 0.031166169383003525, 0.2493803625096794, 0.21667564283477284, 0.07855881798323713, -0.2916579263369424, -0.000547290564428608, 0.03653773685849757] |
711.231 | Thou Shalt Not Clone One Bit! | We prove a no-triplets theorem for spin 1 particles, which implies a
strengthened form of the no-cloning theorem.
| quant-ph | we prove a notriplets theorem for spin 1 particles which implies a strengthened form of the nocloning theorem | [['we', 'prove', 'a', 'notriplets', 'theorem', 'for', 'spin', '1', 'particles', 'which', 'implies', 'a', 'strengthened', 'form', 'of', 'the', 'nocloning', 'theorem']] | [-0.19884028482963056, 0.15642209378454616, -0.205494235324509, 0.18287612547111862, 0.004400983891066383, -0.185779788531363, 0.11504738591611385, 0.16959258059368415, -0.27900470349499407, -0.2117317395613474, 0.054242547793204296, -0.1950882309499909, -0.070315872264259, 0.2414095515713972, -0.1103961412959239, -0.05759936110938296, 0.082922619260738, 0.01756259667522767, -0.046757782480734235, -0.15483108809327378, 0.28771860368878527, -0.14270531627185204, 0.20601882807472172, 0.19266919167164495, 0.1625942241619615, 0.1464865988065653, 0.05640384587733185, -0.021795862792607618, -0.1582764258936924, 0.12656216389116118, 0.19463146236889503, 0.10778474044876502, 0.2823701220400193, -0.3769374025218627, -0.14780755604014678, 0.187940737725619, 0.08904215978348956, 0.14819583326222047, -0.053257222410620135, -0.3161821779794991, 0.12850741077871883, -0.19616327697739883, -0.29956142993315177, -0.0054276526412543125, -0.029731771306079978, -0.04260059183134752, -0.32481757069335265, 0.16498582076062174, 0.3960570157231653, -0.0024128057043793995, -0.055577278219382555, -0.04638842745300602, 0.007793091237545013, -0.009770826655713952, 0.038851658539736975, 0.039242949199807996, 0.13666992010000875, -0.08385479066740065, -0.17328742223189159, 0.3036641794092515, -0.05133528612992343, -0.18169924551073244, 0.06831696889746715, -0.1298280695781988, -0.26493832940126166, 0.03824979899560704, 0.06358462856972918, 0.125137118732228, -0.07563693930997568, 0.10973427432370098, -0.16156203825684154, 0.18522990407312617, 0.16175363070386298, 0.11504921601975665, 0.17305921761812093, 0.06815248289529015, 0.15550863846917362, 0.1756703131558264, -0.014374804847380695, -0.048855640761115975, -0.2856800276786089, -0.29143601480652304, -0.2598038137178211, 0.23379876596086166, -0.13450451795121326, -0.10485385708949145, 0.25670144382371185, 0.11190834411365144, 0.11093188055297908, 0.18005246647825354, 0.17571330705986304, 0.15671116666977897, 0.05092476401478052, 0.10916171852937516, 0.26919887784649343, 0.28807244164978757, 0.04150062005090363, -0.03810620691408129, -0.023325191399849513, 0.18977788485148372] |
711.2311 | Cosmological consequences of scalar mesons from gauge/gravity
correspondence | We consider the spectrum of mesons for the gauge theory dual to a
supergravity configuration of intersecting D3/D7 branes, and use the expression
for the Lagrangian of the scalar mesons to compute explicitly the Lagrangian
for the lightest states in the infrared limit. Assuming that the matter content
of this gauge theory is part of a hidden sector, which interacts with the
standard model only via gravity, we explore the cosmological consequences of
these lightest scalar mesons for a FRW universe. We show that phantom fields
may appear naturally in this kind of scenarios.
| hep-th astro-ph | we consider the spectrum of mesons for the gauge theory dual to a supergravity configuration of intersecting d3d7 branes and use the expression for the lagrangian of the scalar mesons to compute explicitly the lagrangian for the lightest states in the infrared limit assuming that the matter content of this gauge theory is part of a hidden sector which interacts with the standard model only via gravity we explore the cosmological consequences of these lightest scalar mesons for a frw universe we show that phantom fields may appear naturally in this kind of scenarios | [['we', 'consider', 'the', 'spectrum', 'of', 'mesons', 'for', 'the', 'gauge', 'theory', 'dual', 'to', 'a', 'supergravity', 'configuration', 'of', 'intersecting', 'd3d7', 'branes', 'and', 'use', 'the', 'expression', 'for', 'the', 'lagrangian', 'of', 'the', 'scalar', 'mesons', 'to', 'compute', 'explicitly', 'the', 'lagrangian', 'for', 'the', 'lightest', 'states', 'in', 'the', 'infrared', 'limit', 'assuming', 'that', 'the', 'matter', 'content', 'of', 'this', 'gauge', 'theory', 'is', 'part', 'of', 'a', 'hidden', 'sector', 'which', 'interacts', 'with', 'the', 'standard', 'model', 'only', 'via', 'gravity', 'we', 'explore', 'the', 'cosmological', 'consequences', 'of', 'these', 'lightest', 'scalar', 'mesons', 'for', 'a', 'frw', 'universe', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'phantom', 'fields', 'may', 'appear', 'naturally', 'in', 'this', 'kind', 'of', 'scenarios']] | [-0.13953480848725489, 0.19653948704573385, -0.10154000826259242, 0.1486493393746601, -0.08366345192127406, -0.12681652514878264, -0.030369627953289038, 0.2677456565087344, -0.18779981332989606, -0.24572945874620308, 0.016029329294279377, -0.2620470054606174, -0.1132937104619564, 0.05548064086209745, -0.004781852094852861, -0.0041309465119179255, 0.004970551463478106, 0.08971165397026121, -0.024805432591745828, -0.24428086701973759, 0.3855225818746902, -0.017666703246117747, 0.20043140735497025, 0.05106639496466898, 0.10205561824222194, -0.011107692929688207, 0.02966663818013795, -0.014490230271513475, -0.12151316705514661, 0.0985009203314474, 0.1906544205564213, 0.12160358731535838, 0.12782173158794127, -0.41834297817834515, -0.25845399779327055, 0.16465127412626085, 0.174851358194459, 0.1577591832982317, -0.04619321452968932, -0.3054836285102399, 0.09118543735809347, -0.19105670979603173, -0.16945259233173776, -0.07152957038612086, -0.03897319256050631, -0.11798854964101647, -0.28286062838866355, 0.0736827317407315, -0.06057709315172496, -0.014217834503568233, -0.08419659896753728, -0.08186426122816517, -0.05853665289667217, 0.017011687005969122, 0.16326048252658246, 0.008437288731851794, 0.15503713442012668, -0.23677789879110742, -0.10843326992843241, 0.42025662516739143, -0.1457853103750088, -0.22836962737578978, 0.13525840112979107, -0.12459348930303563, -0.18136174300130695, 0.05487379048544755, 0.15602671548208974, 0.14904067537529356, -0.1417868031842753, 0.22244042029264977, -0.0677305764934801, 0.15894163567870062, 0.07876098357101387, 0.06579604734136585, 0.3032186713783031, 0.10799106781400661, 0.008831883041916335, 0.12656706032105425, -0.015114729555244458, -0.14573561620125744, -0.4523741595764109, -0.18622747192436712, -0.10590529862910192, 0.06207919783117448, -0.12555652401057701, -0.1503015841317779, 0.414273891162048, 0.10822492259420811, 0.18498131948364702, 0.03636446637423471, 0.2699916039177395, 0.059678501806202086, 0.04477041908737985, 0.06313405795756014, 0.314355031696168, 0.16187240879863818, 0.11332009567017172, -0.2419188543658783, -0.13499208701776955, 0.11214290462196508] |
711.2312 | The Polarization of Scattered Lyman Alpha Radiation Around High-Redshift
Galaxies | The high-redshift Universe contains luminous Lyman Alpha (hereafter Lya)
emitting sources such as galaxies and quasars. The emitted Lya radiation is
often scattered by surrounding neutral hydrogen atoms. We show that the
scattered Lya radiation obtains a high level of polarization for a wide range
of likely environments of high-redshift galaxies. For example, the
back-scattered Lya flux observed from galaxies surrounded by a superwind-driven
outflow may reach a fractional polarization as high as ~40%. Equal levels of
polarization may be observed from neutral collapsing protogalaxies. Resonant
scattering in the diffuse intergalactic medium typically results in a lower
polarization amplitude (<7%), which depends on the flux of the ionizing
background. Spectral polarimetry can differentiate between Lya scattering off
infalling gas and outflowing gas; for an outflow the polarization should
increase towards longer wavelengths while for infall the opposite is true. Our
numerical results suggest that Lya polarimetry is feasible with existing
instruments, and may provide a new diagnostic of the distribution and
kinematics of neutral hydrogen around high-redshift galaxies. Moreover,
polarimetry may help suppress infrared lines originating in the Earth's
atmosphere, and thus improve the sensitivity of ground-based observations to
high-redshift Lya emitting galaxies outside the currently available redshift
windows.
| astro-ph | the highredshift universe contains luminous lyman alpha hereafter lya emitting sources such as galaxies and quasars the emitted lya radiation is often scattered by surrounding neutral hydrogen atoms we show that the scattered lya radiation obtains a high level of polarization for a wide range of likely environments of highredshift galaxies for example the backscattered lya flux observed from galaxies surrounded by a superwinddriven outflow may reach a fractional polarization as high as 40 equal levels of polarization may be observed from neutral collapsing protogalaxies resonant scattering in the diffuse intergalactic medium typically results in a lower polarization amplitude 7 which depends on the flux of the ionizing background spectral polarimetry can differentiate between lya scattering off infalling gas and outflowing gas for an outflow the polarization should increase towards longer wavelengths while for infall the opposite is true our numerical results suggest that lya polarimetry is feasible with existing instruments and may provide a new diagnostic of the distribution and kinematics of neutral hydrogen around highredshift galaxies moreover polarimetry may help suppress infrared lines originating in the earths atmosphere and thus improve the sensitivity of groundbased observations to highredshift lya emitting galaxies outside the currently available redshift windows | [['the', 'highredshift', 'universe', 'contains', 'luminous', 'lyman', 'alpha', 'hereafter', 'lya', 'emitting', 'sources', 'such', 'as', 'galaxies', 'and', 'quasars', 'the', 'emitted', 'lya', 'radiation', 'is', 'often', 'scattered', 'by', 'surrounding', 'neutral', 'hydrogen', 'atoms', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'scattered', 'lya', 'radiation', 'obtains', 'a', 'high', 'level', 'of', 'polarization', 'for', 'a', 'wide', 'range', 'of', 'likely', 'environments', 'of', 'highredshift', 'galaxies', 'for', 'example', 'the', 'backscattered', 'lya', 'flux', 'observed', 'from', 'galaxies', 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711.2313 | The gas emission spectrum in a star-forming region in the BCD galaxy VII
Zw 403 (UGC 6456) | Observations with the 6-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory
obtained with the MPFS integral-field spectrograph and a longslit spectrograph
with the SCORPIO focal reducer are used to analyze the emission spectrum of the
ionized gas in a star-forming region in the BCD galaxy VII Zw 403. We present
images of the galactic central region in the H-alpha, H-beta, [SII], and [OIII]
emission lines, together with maps of the relative [OIII]/H-beta and
[SII]/H-alpha intensities. We have determined the parameters of the gas in
bright ionized supershells, and estimated the relative abundances of oxygen,
nitrogen, and sulfur; a low relative N/O abundance was detected.
| astro-ph | observations with the 6m telescope of the special astrophysical observatory obtained with the mpfs integralfield spectrograph and a longslit spectrograph with the scorpio focal reducer are used to analyze the emission spectrum of the ionized gas in a starforming region in the bcd galaxy vii zw 403 we present images of the galactic central region in the halpha hbeta sii and oiii emission lines together with maps of the relative oiiihbeta and siihalpha intensities we have determined the parameters of the gas in bright ionized supershells and estimated the relative abundances of oxygen nitrogen and sulfur a low relative no abundance was detected | [['observations', 'with', 'the', '6m', 'telescope', 'of', 'the', 'special', 'astrophysical', 'observatory', 'obtained', 'with', 'the', 'mpfs', 'integralfield', 'spectrograph', 'and', 'a', 'longslit', 'spectrograph', 'with', 'the', 'scorpio', 'focal', 'reducer', 'are', 'used', 'to', 'analyze', 'the', 'emission', 'spectrum', 'of', 'the', 'ionized', 'gas', 'in', 'a', 'starforming', 'region', 'in', 'the', 'bcd', 'galaxy', 'vii', 'zw', '403', 'we', 'present', 'images', 'of', 'the', 'galactic', 'central', 'region', 'in', 'the', 'halpha', 'hbeta', 'sii', 'and', 'oiii', 'emission', 'lines', 'together', 'with', 'maps', 'of', 'the', 'relative', 'oiiihbeta', 'and', 'siihalpha', 'intensities', 'we', 'have', 'determined', 'the', 'parameters', 'of', 'the', 'gas', 'in', 'bright', 'ionized', 'supershells', 'and', 'estimated', 'the', 'relative', 'abundances', 'of', 'oxygen', 'nitrogen', 'and', 'sulfur', 'a', 'low', 'relative', 'no', 'abundance', 'was', 'detected']] | [-0.027562428420653692, 0.041050419184261736, -0.0005395790580117587, 0.06779214301490162, -0.03192998030001424, -0.11896511872109135, 0.016340296966412548, 0.5208469482807858, -0.08110313531174099, -0.31293256957879634, 0.03377299685736449, -0.3282247312317232, 0.02892435654021293, 0.18511365145191694, -0.0198652242695759, -0.07674373523219154, 0.04813822564099309, -0.15718889786201773, -0.013633448883746435, -0.24718448084449052, 0.2903514932976692, 0.15824011737905733, 0.17579754772912531, -0.03147401971724427, 0.09367794884386861, -0.17704280166326145, -0.11692770106211595, -0.00945093619718569, -0.15189045966937414, 0.09722315493826438, 0.2803664849257296, 0.13564526297839233, 0.17779034080472098, -0.2900646352163941, -0.14681175158548992, 0.03808535704727158, 0.20220419574637435, -0.032263239300855014, -0.06268706273748675, -0.3509456272671017, -0.025665136230476563, -0.0931439008563757, -0.1962973555884532, 0.16590215023878274, 0.0009395432335243208, 0.09009019947764509, -0.19470039244234852, 0.05377836396140091, -0.10846516910328098, 0.20429182781394825, -0.15525182186924283, -0.09680020620648577, -0.13381885618391873, 0.06950884794328109, -0.048276892183936264, 0.024605392417938278, 0.22169788075990757, -0.13608056822683193, 0.06213809273350369, 0.4121470631470958, -0.1473713764034718, 0.08321973352689631, 0.20666985697501783, -0.2741267296340931, -0.211124659873075, 0.2133242694618072, 0.13922758069052135, 0.14733934150873096, -0.12552735272984844, 0.058709923344951356, -0.0815785318032106, 0.23254204602478054, 0.08366564725914481, 0.09819755708989213, 0.2594612275874152, 0.003036658546335778, -0.011810078959826163, 0.12186414241458479, -0.41475760312841353, 0.011232003271218064, -0.21510480624426934, -0.18147305560719845, -0.059290228783406174, 0.03317496930113406, -0.13317166125439717, -0.10815624362852388, 0.3187789847821142, 0.06569943833051846, 0.23675506226085488, -0.003084566724459523, 0.3483024328513053, 0.072474679507279, 0.1206076226233351, 0.061653881957664074, 0.32705121321006886, 0.2539284630741888, 0.13454377261053735, -0.30231778414974225, 0.04032443931272018, 0.056207956664842885] |
711.2314 | Finite size effects and symmetry breaking in the evolution of networks
of competing Boolean nodes | The effects of the finite size of the network on the evolutionary dynamics of
a Boolean network are analyzed. In the model considered, Boolean networks
evolve via a competition between nodes that punishes those in the majority. It
is found that finite size networks evolve in a fundamentally different way than
infinitely large networks do. The symmetry of the evolutionary dynamics of
infinitely large networks that selects for canalizing Boolean functions is
broken in the evolutionary dynamics of finite size networks. In finite size
networks there is an additional selection for input inverting Boolean functions
that output a value opposite to the majority of input values. These results are
revealed through an empirical study of the model that calculates the frequency
of occurrence of the different possible Boolean functions. Classes of functions
are found to occur with the same frequency. Those classes depend on the
symmetry of the evolutionary dynamics and correspond to orbits of the relevant
symmetry group. The empirical results match analytic results, determined by
utilizing Polya's theorem, for the number of orbits expected in both finite
size and infinitely large networks. The reason for the symmetry breaking in the
evolutionary dynamics is found to be due to the need for nodes in finite size
networks to behave differently in order to cooperate so that the system
collectively performs as well as possible. The results suggest that both finite
size effects and symmetry are important for understanding the evolution of
real-world complex networks, including genetic regulatory networks.
| cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn nlin.AO physics.bio-ph physics.soc-ph q-bio.PE | the effects of the finite size of the network on the evolutionary dynamics of a boolean network are analyzed in the model considered boolean networks evolve via a competition between nodes that punishes those in the majority it is found that finite size networks evolve in a fundamentally different way than infinitely large networks do the symmetry of the evolutionary dynamics of infinitely large networks that selects for canalizing boolean functions is broken in the evolutionary dynamics of finite size networks in finite size networks there is an additional selection for input inverting boolean functions that output a value opposite to the majority of input values these results are revealed through an empirical study of the model that calculates the frequency of occurrence of the different possible boolean functions classes of functions are found to occur with the same frequency those classes depend on the symmetry of the evolutionary dynamics and correspond to orbits of the relevant symmetry group the empirical results match analytic results determined by utilizing polyas theorem for the number of orbits expected in both finite size and infinitely large networks the reason for the symmetry breaking in the evolutionary dynamics is found to be due to the need for nodes in finite size networks to behave differently in order to cooperate so that the system collectively performs as well as possible the results suggest that both finite size effects and symmetry are important for understanding the evolution of realworld complex networks including genetic regulatory networks | [['the', 'effects', 'of', 'the', 'finite', 'size', 'of', 'the', 'network', 'on', 'the', 'evolutionary', 'dynamics', 'of', 'a', 'boolean', 'network', 'are', 'analyzed', 'in', 'the', 'model', 'considered', 'boolean', 'networks', 'evolve', 'via', 'a', 'competition', 'between', 'nodes', 'that', 'punishes', 'those', 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711.2315 | Uncertainty relations for the realisation of macroscopic quantum
superpositions and EPR paradoxes | We present a unified approach, based on the use of quantum uncertainty
relations, for arriving at criteria for the demonstration of the EPR paradox
and macroscopic superpositions. We suggest to view each criterion as a means to
demonstrate an EPR-type paradox, where there is an inconsistency between the
assumptions of a form of realism, either macroscopic realism (MR) or local
realism (LR), and the completeness of quantum mechanics.
| quant-ph | we present a unified approach based on the use of quantum uncertainty relations for arriving at criteria for the demonstration of the epr paradox and macroscopic superpositions we suggest to view each criterion as a means to demonstrate an eprtype paradox where there is an inconsistency between the assumptions of a form of realism either macroscopic realism mr or local realism lr and the completeness of quantum mechanics | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'unified', 'approach', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'use', 'of', 'quantum', 'uncertainty', 'relations', 'for', 'arriving', 'at', 'criteria', 'for', 'the', 'demonstration', 'of', 'the', 'epr', 'paradox', 'and', 'macroscopic', 'superpositions', 'we', 'suggest', 'to', 'view', 'each', 'criterion', 'as', 'a', 'means', 'to', 'demonstrate', 'an', 'eprtype', 'paradox', 'where', 'there', 'is', 'an', 'inconsistency', 'between', 'the', 'assumptions', 'of', 'a', 'form', 'of', 'realism', 'either', 'macroscopic', 'realism', 'mr', 'or', 'local', 'realism', 'lr', 'and', 'the', 'completeness', 'of', 'quantum', 'mechanics']] | [-0.0490592112272519, 0.043070375032959206, -0.14932673655258602, 0.0995404698410044, -0.05881987390217974, -0.15403744248289833, 0.10098208270980702, 0.2974346156012924, -0.25138597543734836, -0.32745398005799337, 0.019933775711037657, -0.27492729366263924, -0.13793256861390546, 0.15705886334934108, -0.0898982486961519, 0.05578596840667374, 0.022602431253557476, 0.0488204529563732, -0.08408479459638543, -0.19464553747435703, 0.3366843267919167, 0.03324812072370311, 0.32515596776433725, 0.05779398970223744, 0.19286719252180345, 0.043380781385006714, 0.05089310724425184, 0.06856468981405829, -0.10422375991337877, 0.11801744211355553, 0.20735896521877936, 0.2381668081438607, 0.35592200957676945, -0.46451146949959154, -0.18400594290784178, 0.07608805847463801, 0.06237393349189969, 0.1687477281632121, -0.025299152898643276, -0.3429179254042752, 0.020719439649838023, -0.12309759893618963, -0.13195324490559013, -0.06974825825925697, -0.009542036171564284, -0.04491361205959145, -0.264723671874141, 0.14691704089808114, 0.10408874187508926, 0.13961127789362388, -0.049892322139759714, -0.015535787015002878, 0.05852357782971333, 0.07712659838623093, -0.03175953232258668, -0.04606712318491191, 0.10509447404183447, -0.1280303570880171, -0.19676749736262375, 0.3900611635626239, 0.02729411343085196, -0.22081581543213413, 0.1845222969833926, -0.11036523358951159, -0.11157538426820846, -0.00783840986995903, 0.06654667919022306, 0.07634444473146954, -0.1525535133174237, -0.02245277928715736, -0.060407308835933426, 0.21437122733058298, 0.06669003464391127, 0.12314053757034023, 0.2690884749514653, 0.14632724414524786, 0.03585838204633225, 0.10855955966946888, -0.07864753703025225, -0.10549245037905433, -0.41832139485460873, -0.22340015847893321, -0.23053515998317914, 0.10894896825501586, -0.062182465446205565, -0.11961416037314955, 0.2991307085920947, 0.20026394807021408, 0.18226802316220367, 0.04662152975523735, 0.26309523999910145, 0.10248237470788059, 0.014132241476598958, 0.01391629213878118, 0.25746835135471297, 0.13230293018140776, 0.056064473964986115, -0.20475007644991444, 0.06566652145428474, 0.035191859365166986] |
711.2316 | Spallation nuclei in substellar objects: a new dark-matter signature? | Although dark matter makes up 80% of the gravitational mass of our Galaxy,
its composition is not known. One hypothesis is that dark matter consists of
massive particles called WIMPs. WIMPs are expected to accumulate and
coannihilate in the cores of stars, but the only signature of this accumulation
has been thought to be hard- to-observe high-energy neutrinos. Here we propose
an entirely new observable signature. WIMP coannihilations in the core of a
very low-mass star, brown dwarf, or planetary-mass object should alter the
star's chemical composition via spallation reactions. Very close to the
Galactic center, these stars may acquire extremely high lithium, beryllium, and
boron abundances, even for models with otherwise- undetectable WIMP-nucleon
cross sections. These abundances should be measurable in certain stellar
systems and phenomena.
| astro-ph | although dark matter makes up 80 of the gravitational mass of our galaxy its composition is not known one hypothesis is that dark matter consists of massive particles called wimps wimps are expected to accumulate and coannihilate in the cores of stars but the only signature of this accumulation has been thought to be hard toobserve highenergy neutrinos here we propose an entirely new observable signature wimp coannihilations in the core of a very lowmass star brown dwarf or planetarymass object should alter the stars chemical composition via spallation reactions very close to the galactic center these stars may acquire extremely high lithium beryllium and boron abundances even for models with otherwise undetectable wimpnucleon cross sections these abundances should be measurable in certain stellar systems and phenomena | [['although', 'dark', 'matter', 'makes', 'up', '80', 'of', 'the', 'gravitational', 'mass', 'of', 'our', 'galaxy', 'its', 'composition', 'is', 'not', 'known', 'one', 'hypothesis', 'is', 'that', 'dark', 'matter', 'consists', 'of', 'massive', 'particles', 'called', 'wimps', 'wimps', 'are', 'expected', 'to', 'accumulate', 'and', 'coannihilate', 'in', 'the', 'cores', 'of', 'stars', 'but', 'the', 'only', 'signature', 'of', 'this', 'accumulation', 'has', 'been', 'thought', 'to', 'be', 'hard', 'toobserve', 'highenergy', 'neutrinos', 'here', 'we', 'propose', 'an', 'entirely', 'new', 'observable', 'signature', 'wimp', 'coannihilations', 'in', 'the', 'core', 'of', 'a', 'very', 'lowmass', 'star', 'brown', 'dwarf', 'or', 'planetarymass', 'object', 'should', 'alter', 'the', 'stars', 'chemical', 'composition', 'via', 'spallation', 'reactions', 'very', 'close', 'to', 'the', 'galactic', 'center', 'these', 'stars', 'may', 'acquire', 'extremely', 'high', 'lithium', 'beryllium', 'and', 'boron', 'abundances', 'even', 'for', 'models', 'with', 'otherwise', 'undetectable', 'wimpnucleon', 'cross', 'sections', 'these', 'abundances', 'should', 'be', 'measurable', 'in', 'certain', 'stellar', 'systems', 'and', 'phenomena']] | [-0.07451533836992605, 0.258623606914452, -0.1108235413622525, 0.16079863959309895, -0.12497658792482172, -0.09370051615590615, 0.03848636469670704, 0.36721104547558797, -0.177802406016752, -0.37364712379695403, -0.011776635134112208, -0.289709063128583, 0.0026815410595782663, 0.17966905611545025, -0.04128900311872481, -0.0075678168578879055, 0.10296476467342544, 0.010408054989215636, -0.007045485016461166, -0.28597431102978244, 0.30957635385279975, 0.09872532313290451, 0.10266403413178134, 0.029163731886665264, 0.04349688641239135, -0.12744890804594708, -0.02664417266431782, -0.0990664672461294, -0.0908899243558052, 0.033083937815501396, 0.2782806158522276, 0.11516117979587602, 0.1162918370846744, -0.3969379740643374, -0.21754152233904553, 0.17489319525581473, 0.20801757379168911, 0.0741041423752904, -0.1449254847257324, -0.28503482831302024, 0.10548111019907372, -0.21545181179507858, -0.15940642960384369, -0.0011628768037235926, 0.020497442736837363, -0.011742246193101718, -0.20885627016070343, 0.07422082871475834, 0.033817345649743126, -0.021511713569496004, -0.10870569618695992, -0.15880011218333884, -0.029910021422741313, 0.02356609673837998, 0.042684883067739154, -0.009358043937633434, 0.25273980456034817, -0.16164331651042818, -0.021642415488641414, 0.46399604632622665, -0.09933624729248029, -0.06623785482859978, 0.2804403250726561, -0.1901325220759544, -0.18771575017839612, 0.16866000174056917, 0.15851425659650611, 0.15752597779242528, -0.2210396723101093, 0.049396254767623125, -0.013153411965403292, 0.20815764345406068, 0.08686870010200119, 0.04702181517091554, 0.4232052488562961, 0.19759872041033796, 0.06413609712820736, -0.0072912823922547795, -0.1898480011002412, -0.024744377597161228, -0.23561366497435504, -0.15865078797593477, -0.11819257431974013, 0.07159088939691188, -0.05699667132735374, -0.1565074401478919, 0.25459806794034584, 0.08013607470211499, 0.20252131044657695, -0.025385872144917294, 0.29158828579007634, 0.06683670764692896, 0.12596853938145888, 0.06305893439622152, 0.36261364804314716, 0.2029403501729821, 0.07965629549312686, -0.1904804071001265, 0.1129230566891945, -0.03165329675585593] |
711.2317 | Intergalactic absorption and blazar gamma-ray spectra | The distribution of TeV spectral slopes versus redshift for currently known
TeV blazars (16 sources with z<0.21, and one with z>0.25) is essentially a
scatter plot with hardly any hint of a global trend. We suggest that this is
the outcome of two combined effects of intergalactic gamma-gamma absorption,
plus an inherent feature of the SSC (synchro-self-Compton) process of blazar
emission. First, flux dimming introduces a bias that favors detection of
progressively more flaring sources at higher redshifts. According to mainstream
SSC models, more flaring source states imply sources with flatter TeV slopes.
This results in a structured relation between intrinsic TeV slope and redshift.
The second effect, spectral steepening by intergalactic absorption, affects
sources progressively with distance and effectively wipes out the intrinsic
slope-redshift correlation.
| astro-ph | the distribution of tev spectral slopes versus redshift for currently known tev blazars 16 sources with z021 and one with z025 is essentially a scatter plot with hardly any hint of a global trend we suggest that this is the outcome of two combined effects of intergalactic gammagamma absorption plus an inherent feature of the ssc synchroselfcompton process of blazar emission first flux dimming introduces a bias that favors detection of progressively more flaring sources at higher redshifts according to mainstream ssc models more flaring source states imply sources with flatter tev slopes this results in a structured relation between intrinsic tev slope and redshift the second effect spectral steepening by intergalactic absorption affects sources progressively with distance and effectively wipes out the intrinsic sloperedshift correlation | [['the', 'distribution', 'of', 'tev', 'spectral', 'slopes', 'versus', 'redshift', 'for', 'currently', 'known', 'tev', 'blazars', '16', 'sources', 'with', 'z021', 'and', 'one', 'with', 'z025', 'is', 'essentially', 'a', 'scatter', 'plot', 'with', 'hardly', 'any', 'hint', 'of', 'a', 'global', 'trend', 'we', 'suggest', 'that', 'this', 'is', 'the', 'outcome', 'of', 'two', 'combined', 'effects', 'of', 'intergalactic', 'gammagamma', 'absorption', 'plus', 'an', 'inherent', 'feature', 'of', 'the', 'ssc', 'synchroselfcompton', 'process', 'of', 'blazar', 'emission', 'first', 'flux', 'dimming', 'introduces', 'a', 'bias', 'that', 'favors', 'detection', 'of', 'progressively', 'more', 'flaring', 'sources', 'at', 'higher', 'redshifts', 'according', 'to', 'mainstream', 'ssc', 'models', 'more', 'flaring', 'source', 'states', 'imply', 'sources', 'with', 'flatter', 'tev', 'slopes', 'this', 'results', 'in', 'a', 'structured', 'relation', 'between', 'intrinsic', 'tev', 'slope', 'and', 'redshift', 'the', 'second', 'effect', 'spectral', 'steepening', 'by', 'intergalactic', 'absorption', 'affects', 'sources', 'progressively', 'with', 'distance', 'and', 'effectively', 'wipes', 'out', 'the', 'intrinsic', 'sloperedshift', 'correlation']] | [-0.025115689208295437, 0.16072381293176272, -0.08958845084998757, 0.18356470498798855, -0.10912494150350892, -0.13007282135978102, 0.03764364320123868, 0.47347498738447263, -0.1665533179559955, -0.3624356542789047, -0.01751103105808368, -0.3347934286951298, 0.002704793241836371, 0.17129683119034575, 0.01885503629267576, -0.02564105312640388, 0.032648396295224945, -0.139242310122016, -0.043651212158663605, -0.20685443587060418, 0.32887171461216863, 0.15213776194310236, 0.24040743395415765, 0.01618077040409609, 0.06496947386016648, -0.05324343162881691, -0.09113187986546226, -0.026317291121872147, -0.0554580920299134, 0.056913745609739226, 0.2360830672545372, 0.0963157442203092, 0.21937115622624273, -0.2661494769816918, -0.25466030468833784, 0.11231639416561642, 0.18583206107113284, 0.008861288691179888, -0.04348349226981349, -0.2703937155367326, 0.046691162317837286, -0.16812149953329936, -0.13871452831212552, 0.11710269706729319, 0.011524894595852183, -0.02638138957967561, -0.2053955104202032, 0.20662909420582676, 0.03278727946927838, 0.08064342479431821, -0.09629566583692306, -0.10872321435055064, -0.07352659187745303, 0.02919819908434405, 0.08416665425395495, 0.07342666072485547, 0.15319063497665938, -0.1497424065751294, -0.11372452205086442, 0.3659740758969659, -0.05613877899163673, -0.020668623187849598, 0.1807983463964305, -0.19219575100202835, -0.1988348164069917, 0.19691104086626682, 0.15475412141606812, 0.027036889613936504, -0.13129173221081616, 0.0003733714435046779, 0.049532295341768694, 0.29091363566957656, 0.005103009354863916, 0.07052584440116921, 0.2805268016245757, 0.11042913962193134, 0.08572366001505044, 0.12446843060822557, -0.2083598233598863, 0.036630335902314515, -0.3136269063839028, -0.04070407155555703, -0.09944075470670097, 0.11791471129606268, -0.15944117722404283, -0.12586925090703693, 0.3912840962500101, 0.1333639289612972, 0.26877927685704744, 0.08616750813446068, 0.2880033899789616, 0.13254962386863847, 0.08679999181279732, 0.15357364681849797, 0.31908305960467026, 0.1241382576803106, 0.10183149465968111, -0.17578376359667727, 0.09320435472463648, -0.019803566144659154] |
711.2318 | The 't Hooft-Polyakov Monopole in the Presence of a 't Hooft Operator | We present explicit BPS field configurations representing one nonabelian
monopole with one minimal weight 't Hooft operator insertion. We explore the
SO(3) and SU(2) gauge groups. In the case of SU(2) gauge group the minimal 't
Hooft operator can be completely screened by the monopole. If the gauge group
is SO(3), however, such screening is impossible. In the latter case we observe
a different effect of the gauge symmetry enhancement in the vicinity of the 't
Hooft operator.
| hep-th | we present explicit bps field configurations representing one nonabelian monopole with one minimal weight t hooft operator insertion we explore the so3 and su2 gauge groups in the case of su2 gauge group the minimal t hooft operator can be completely screened by the monopole if the gauge group is so3 however such screening is impossible in the latter case we observe a different effect of the gauge symmetry enhancement in the vicinity of the t hooft operator | [['we', 'present', 'explicit', 'bps', 'field', 'configurations', 'representing', 'one', 'nonabelian', 'monopole', 'with', 'one', 'minimal', 'weight', 't', 'hooft', 'operator', 'insertion', 'we', 'explore', 'the', 'so3', 'and', 'su2', 'gauge', 'groups', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'su2', 'gauge', 'group', 'the', 'minimal', 't', 'hooft', 'operator', 'can', 'be', 'completely', 'screened', 'by', 'the', 'monopole', 'if', 'the', 'gauge', 'group', 'is', 'so3', 'however', 'such', 'screening', 'is', 'impossible', 'in', 'the', 'latter', 'case', 'we', 'observe', 'a', 'different', 'effect', 'of', 'the', 'gauge', 'symmetry', 'enhancement', 'in', 'the', 'vicinity', 'of', 'the', 't', 'hooft', 'operator']] | [-0.20670700648751777, 0.2533158862318557, -0.013872331124730408, 0.10369210264299256, -0.1256783561518368, -0.14921732943576688, 0.023442065176100303, 0.36540127083515894, -0.1754787191748619, -0.25679799897644, 0.05380305883814939, -0.25915847203503245, -0.13559250372390336, 0.004859345606886423, -0.005326674707854788, -0.009391378730726548, -0.03965432673262862, 0.14332763525323036, -0.11744420907388513, -0.2493425238495454, 0.344604601426862, -0.03882744855796679, 0.23951322567434266, 0.06383818371866185, 0.09560570030664213, 0.019709618762135506, 0.029266440145408686, -0.02201475518851135, -0.03571161800302947, 0.009921865794473352, 0.22374282986856997, -0.03769009837355369, 0.12338479527105124, -0.38866444880692047, -0.16607175338774538, 0.16898511892232376, 0.16757303890652764, 0.14441880325858408, -0.02033701301432955, -0.29216343161458963, 0.08904603766635634, -0.1893434701487422, -0.13976260827472195, -0.11055751600995278, 0.012128338380418241, -0.14406668682111046, -0.2854596544116831, 0.0595364464709583, 0.023873867825246774, 0.09088972426998691, -0.02673290370223232, -0.08542572425153011, -0.09364506079313847, 0.09608250127460521, 0.1334288330593457, 0.07585853506297542, 0.14842769123154143, -0.1836464147349127, -0.13088288416680044, 0.38689637578164154, -0.12083328505739188, -0.23698213946026486, 0.1199056348667886, -0.18458395685928947, -0.18142421443301898, 0.056353397285326935, 0.018149714457253233, 0.20848310267170653, -0.09567317921811572, 0.30027398064013167, -0.09383341979880172, 0.09249455045807199, 0.08138712669889896, 0.014453837106255097, 0.17821099193623433, 0.07328024236724162, 0.09328924236484827, 0.1737003421324353, -0.0022581256269357908, -0.09664882756530857, -0.41571374715138704, -0.1433140768084484, -0.1343174187365012, 0.11287100761173627, -0.13820888666501, -0.1542395026130506, 0.3831692371183099, 0.13958945051910213, 0.1861993786520683, 0.017217499232337546, 0.17836083736843789, 0.1143336029818807, 0.15868686325848103, 0.05694274525516308, 0.18462256553511208, 0.18323890510827112, 0.04091244152723215, -0.35721833729006064, -0.14959720581081898, 0.2511476717817669] |
711.2319 | Statefinder diagnostic for Yang-Mills dark energy model | We study the statefinder parameters in the Yang-Mills condensate dark energy
models, and find that the evolving trajectories of these models are different
from those of other dark energy models. We also define two eigenfunctions of
the Yang-Mills condensate dark energy models. The values of these
eigenfunctions are quite close to zero if the equation-of-state of the
Yang-Mills condensate is not far from -1, which can be used to simply
differentiate between the Yang-Mills condensate models and other dark energy
models.
| gr-qc astro-ph.CO | we study the statefinder parameters in the yangmills condensate dark energy models and find that the evolving trajectories of these models are different from those of other dark energy models we also define two eigenfunctions of the yangmills condensate dark energy models the values of these eigenfunctions are quite close to zero if the equationofstate of the yangmills condensate is not far from 1 which can be used to simply differentiate between the yangmills condensate models and other dark energy models | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'statefinder', 'parameters', 'in', 'the', 'yangmills', 'condensate', 'dark', 'energy', 'models', 'and', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'evolving', 'trajectories', 'of', 'these', 'models', 'are', 'different', 'from', 'those', 'of', 'other', 'dark', 'energy', 'models', 'we', 'also', 'define', 'two', 'eigenfunctions', 'of', 'the', 'yangmills', 'condensate', 'dark', 'energy', 'models', 'the', 'values', 'of', 'these', 'eigenfunctions', 'are', 'quite', 'close', 'to', 'zero', 'if', 'the', 'equationofstate', 'of', 'the', 'yangmills', 'condensate', 'is', 'not', 'far', 'from', '1', 'which', 'can', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'simply', 'differentiate', 'between', 'the', 'yangmills', 'condensate', 'models', 'and', 'other', 'dark', 'energy', 'models']] | [-0.07867839635798225, 0.213348582478953, -0.15778966061770916, 0.15785933728186113, -0.04213497833705243, -0.15203843670494763, -0.05752864252361986, 0.3504641205532315, -0.22120342909553906, -0.33152167027655205, 0.018120634672806862, -0.3003551113522715, -0.06594166390160904, 0.13983865181145108, 0.03144507405612572, 0.04041696427678143, 0.033890366163334726, 0.060677399950814837, -0.0666472311620313, -0.2593670097858082, 0.3803430477180231, -0.020324498909399098, 0.24426549975472836, 0.05578623891428665, 0.04380777792970615, -0.11400718229282418, 0.029272306434534216, -0.030340307691123013, -0.20068956012767525, 0.06525785895064473, 0.21599602930448636, 0.09639921312415857, 0.1640302078154536, -0.4408056970777703, -0.2617423174281915, 0.23026185128032978, 0.16976054067964907, 0.13852948937306386, 0.036205235236312874, -0.28263856329736703, 0.01556047691423216, -0.1811733660115688, -0.12049998968471716, -0.09241351026489779, -0.04112015753110618, 0.05861061508767307, -0.21631171635386567, 0.12442706653777866, -0.036966282655887396, -0.06061679718694017, -0.1391456149932411, -0.12737731537839145, -0.12606570923149032, 0.05755842084145564, 0.11199973594040874, 0.00593685906920812, 0.12993195093593296, -0.24367232582198434, -0.058319768793650986, 0.38035866331860974, -0.11051590985584038, -0.213371083094382, 0.20695694395697412, -0.12077377535356784, -0.08447701712052717, 0.06774546957954213, 0.1347063417190019, 0.1122578266594145, -0.12561671308207292, 0.10847365961231889, -0.028068020985818204, 0.16678277196155655, 0.05860377761914774, 0.02018085302049179, 0.31626742685006726, 0.11159992588247046, -0.003394370760630678, 0.06633621164494091, -0.04846160816327657, -0.13774820782796102, -0.33920266785095504, -0.11692293439014459, -0.160412528851058, 0.023657551716709867, -0.1154339366393411, -0.14890462621172637, 0.3975797586694912, 0.16894335495767954, 0.20474663061768184, 0.03492631612742251, 0.2834792332694992, 0.14624527186431266, 0.05412313804306366, 0.07341891404436786, 0.30711891989074186, 0.12585922305322725, 0.0789556350145075, -0.22250922454268107, -0.09873064932194942, 0.06633849935836078] |
711.232 | Zhedanov's Algebra AW(3) and the Double Affine Hecke Algebra in the Rank
One Case. II. The Spherical Subalgebra | This paper builds on the previous paper arXiv:math/0612730 by the author,
where a relationship between Zhedanov's algebra AW(3) and the double affine
Hecke algebra (DAHA) corresponding to the Askey-Wilson polynomials was
established. It is shown here that the spherical subalgebra of this DAHA is
isomorphic to AW(3) with an additional relation that the Casimir operator
equals an explicit constant. A similar result with q-shifted parameters holds
for the antispherical subalgebra. Some theorems on centralizers and centers for
the algebras under consideration will finally be proved as corollaries of the
characterization of the spherical and antispherical subalgebra.
| math.QA | this paper builds on the previous paper arxivmath0612730 by the author where a relationship between zhedanovs algebra aw3 and the double affine hecke algebra daha corresponding to the askeywilson polynomials was established it is shown here that the spherical subalgebra of this daha is isomorphic to aw3 with an additional relation that the casimir operator equals an explicit constant a similar result with qshifted parameters holds for the antispherical subalgebra some theorems on centralizers and centers for the algebras under consideration will finally be proved as corollaries of the characterization of the spherical and antispherical subalgebra | [['this', 'paper', 'builds', 'on', 'the', 'previous', 'paper', 'arxivmath0612730', 'by', 'the', 'author', 'where', 'a', 'relationship', 'between', 'zhedanovs', 'algebra', 'aw3', 'and', 'the', 'double', 'affine', 'hecke', 'algebra', 'daha', 'corresponding', 'to', 'the', 'askeywilson', 'polynomials', 'was', 'established', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'here', 'that', 'the', 'spherical', 'subalgebra', 'of', 'this', 'daha', 'is', 'isomorphic', 'to', 'aw3', 'with', 'an', 'additional', 'relation', 'that', 'the', 'casimir', 'operator', 'equals', 'an', 'explicit', 'constant', 'a', 'similar', 'result', 'with', 'qshifted', 'parameters', 'holds', 'for', 'the', 'antispherical', 'subalgebra', 'some', 'theorems', 'on', 'centralizers', 'and', 'centers', 'for', 'the', 'algebras', 'under', 'consideration', 'will', 'finally', 'be', 'proved', 'as', 'corollaries', 'of', 'the', 'characterization', 'of', 'the', 'spherical', 'and', 'antispherical', 'subalgebra']] | [-0.11944152127104277, 0.055622034472415836, -0.07496628015638983, 0.03121189667380098, -0.13013306275961248, -0.13292742444281566, -0.031211349684645995, 0.3284120377093712, -0.3265563025872441, -0.18319721458519392, 0.12606347991807504, -0.24544296371273727, -0.17187429520678013, 0.23529470759503385, -0.161426294266811, -0.01647787376683443, 0.06353876587657377, 0.11062802403590623, -0.13473526946704914, -0.25922588383570866, 0.41320064192281125, 0.05342364712231892, 0.24859967724261609, 0.05132752429245614, 0.09748944719916487, 0.009235853552223837, 0.005827549339688205, -0.0746210640484586, -0.17169308946347187, 0.10451436298713583, 0.2582226860822436, 0.052123443491043565, 0.20229294108588525, -0.33708633462640836, -0.039628437294208625, 0.1733595662839473, 0.1807874825466028, 0.005622119702240254, -0.0282714632959006, -0.2656412597230457, 0.05884171412029165, -0.23479173606895704, -0.1784220411234159, -0.0391656808119188, 0.08781858192796403, -0.009166901411013083, -0.2870019115309449, 0.02030943761123939, 0.15739061447861108, 0.1132541253290912, -0.08827094612841277, -0.12798341791432827, -0.057253350657311845, 0.0763214941265339, -0.02466835569530884, 0.035513258108155844, 0.088652726827546, -0.04389188989025957, -0.15460105235391158, 0.345953131441344, 0.020098174027380275, -0.22584821466118732, 0.10643308749917815, -0.17822256560952582, -0.18625705716437957, 0.023387410004246743, 0.02154078671431288, 0.08367170004094852, -0.08972577541630636, 0.19416821753777108, -0.17583620648315929, 0.04968246948370274, 0.12771368920406762, -0.021632477234890486, 0.09991130776742989, 0.0432818357763376, 0.053439404092174264, 0.1712034730961487, 0.07163119579150164, -0.01415838334155814, -0.3702111343674837, -0.20060552096370846, -0.13049153274202602, 0.09443517989092605, -0.11045404287266293, -0.15255114959368354, 0.37183856676788407, 0.10255569133392357, 0.16178351866596558, 0.12520745081797321, 0.20386611318532774, 0.13182256659963465, 0.11751096011783452, 0.038231173569851735, 0.1706904997480067, 0.29184242144618383, 0.00842452936984123, -0.16922417993439323, -0.022420178449891033, 0.2284550270204373] |
711.2321 | Testable polarization predictions for models of CMB isotropy anomalies | Anomalies in the large-scale CMB temperature sky measured by WMAP have been
suggested as possible evidence for a violation of statistical isotropy on large
scales. In any physical model for broken isotropy, there are testable
consequences for the CMB polarization field. We develop simulation tools for
predicting the polarization field in models that break statistical isotropy
locally through a modulation field. We study two different models: dipolar
modulation, invoked to explain the asymmetry in power between northern and
southern ecliptic hemispheres, and quadrupolar modulation, posited to explain
the alignments between the quadrupole and octopole. For the dipolar case, we
show that predictions for the correlation between the first 10 multipoles of
the temperature and polarization fields can typically be tested at better than
the 98% CL. For the quadrupolar case, we show that the polarization quadrupole
and octopole should be moderately aligned. Such an alignment is a generic
prediction of explanations which involve the temperature field at recombination
and thus discriminate against explanations involving foregrounds or local
secondary anisotropy. Predicted correlations between temperature and
polarization multipoles out to l = 5 provide tests at the ~ 99% CL or stronger
for quadrupolar models that make the temperature alignment more than a few
percent likely. As predictions of anomaly models, polarization statistics move
beyond the a posteriori inferences that currently dominate the field.
| astro-ph | anomalies in the largescale cmb temperature sky measured by wmap have been suggested as possible evidence for a violation of statistical isotropy on large scales in any physical model for broken isotropy there are testable consequences for the cmb polarization field we develop simulation tools for predicting the polarization field in models that break statistical isotropy locally through a modulation field we study two different models dipolar modulation invoked to explain the asymmetry in power between northern and southern ecliptic hemispheres and quadrupolar modulation posited to explain the alignments between the quadrupole and octopole for the dipolar case we show that predictions for the correlation between the first 10 multipoles of the temperature and polarization fields can typically be tested at better than the 98 cl for the quadrupolar case we show that the polarization quadrupole and octopole should be moderately aligned such an alignment is a generic prediction of explanations which involve the temperature field at recombination and thus discriminate against explanations involving foregrounds or local secondary anisotropy predicted correlations between temperature and polarization multipoles out to l 5 provide tests at the 99 cl or stronger for quadrupolar models that make the temperature alignment more than a few percent likely as predictions of anomaly models polarization statistics move beyond the a posteriori inferences that currently dominate the field | [['anomalies', 'in', 'the', 'largescale', 'cmb', 'temperature', 'sky', 'measured', 'by', 'wmap', 'have', 'been', 'suggested', 'as', 'possible', 'evidence', 'for', 'a', 'violation', 'of', 'statistical', 'isotropy', 'on', 'large', 'scales', 'in', 'any', 'physical', 'model', 'for', 'broken', 'isotropy', 'there', 'are', 'testable', 'consequences', 'for', 'the', 'cmb', 'polarization', 'field', 'we', 'develop', 'simulation', 'tools', 'for', 'predicting', 'the', 'polarization', 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711.2322 | Relativistic corrections to the static potential at O(1/m) and O(1/m^2) | We investigate the relativistic corrections to the static potential, i.e. the
O(1/m) potential and the O(1/m^2) velocity-dependent potentials, in SU(3)
lattice gauge theory. They are important ingredients of potential
nonrelativistic QCD for heavy quarkonium. Utilizing the multi-level algorithm,
we obtain remarkably clean signals of these potentials up to r=0.9 fm. We
observe long range nonperturbative contributions to these corrections.
| hep-lat hep-ph nucl-th | we investigate the relativistic corrections to the static potential ie the o1m potential and the o1m2 velocitydependent potentials in su3 lattice gauge theory they are important ingredients of potential nonrelativistic qcd for heavy quarkonium utilizing the multilevel algorithm we obtain remarkably clean signals of these potentials up to r09 fm we observe long range nonperturbative contributions to these corrections | [['we', 'investigate', 'the', 'relativistic', 'corrections', 'to', 'the', 'static', 'potential', 'ie', 'the', 'o1m', 'potential', 'and', 'the', 'o1m2', 'velocitydependent', 'potentials', 'in', 'su3', 'lattice', 'gauge', 'theory', 'they', 'are', 'important', 'ingredients', 'of', 'potential', 'nonrelativistic', 'qcd', 'for', 'heavy', 'quarkonium', 'utilizing', 'the', 'multilevel', 'algorithm', 'we', 'obtain', 'remarkably', 'clean', 'signals', 'of', 'these', 'potentials', 'up', 'to', 'r09', 'fm', 'we', 'observe', 'long', 'range', 'nonperturbative', 'contributions', 'to', 'these', 'corrections']] | [-0.10032810671728547, 0.17937500659628944, -0.10605281624564175, 0.16496371291577816, -0.015356012888379017, -0.15798169811714, 0.02659693516009503, 0.4082680649234582, -0.21418347070782873, -0.23313967664568228, -0.03233302471630465, -0.3184335342829384, -0.06511417122052635, 0.10184302225203837, 0.06127507943794194, 0.09569677053871802, 0.002779648197278128, 0.011394144383148622, -0.09998256819898863, -0.24756872110952766, 0.30034520263168013, 0.007773870468076508, 0.18460829931674366, 0.2064736947038416, 0.02306410147792707, 0.01821602714618952, -0.027380561681515616, -0.03144000572452353, -0.1272369291696508, 0.07646768221284374, 0.19532451455055153, -0.058798695709240636, 0.15151367800594387, -0.4185029992486461, -0.2080953583531713, 0.09369961982119386, 0.1306383264708822, 0.25287829470520806, -0.05182342261265395, -0.2911724895870281, 0.09355608688004441, -0.21152063886145667, -0.1802111123787176, -0.20305913813822604, 0.010474073779532465, -0.01099646033845463, -0.3028683366285542, 0.07607268587630873, -0.02267240834722327, -0.02417648035906634, -0.043787251408132964, -0.16739504357357904, 0.033329186629567104, 0.11871900272129451, 0.08217980595842256, 0.06412815587531964, 0.13019680115788923, -0.18600153669091415, -0.1207382234555306, 0.47043645407183693, -0.08667025018988525, -0.13235274238227787, 0.16420186051341185, -0.1396349844270212, -0.13935841355567513, 0.09649706352107479, 0.20973682296620208, 0.09453674352982365, -0.17794176608608184, 0.14339314605863132, 0.08156258014614805, 0.11179758145836956, 0.042274556730447686, 0.09922579199991237, 0.19723717533683371, 0.09459231195624097, -0.024896897959633398, 0.07489886240425946, -0.04699517432126706, -0.1531221769686978, -0.3603223370480888, -0.0399782177123983, -0.10510824896963471, 0.0804520238632873, -0.12338067704818598, -0.19135146477591183, 0.36130718315430616, 0.1799561013625461, 0.14233763994238638, 0.018043025807177617, 0.2690309402296099, 0.1174386317399725, 0.09851654379439177, 0.034046407749529106, 0.2870510623048423, 0.178706762996518, 0.09928394640969523, -0.28631645115881654, -0.13175924769129163, 0.11747700103826947] |
711.2323 | Irreversible Circulation of Fluctuation and Entropy Production | Physical and chemical stochastic processes described by the master equation
are investigated. In this paper, we examine the entropy production both for the
master equation and for the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation. For the
master equation, the exact expression of the entropy production was recently
derived by Gaspard using the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy ({\em J.Stat.Phys.},
\textbf{117} (2004), 599; [Errata; \textbf{126} (2006), 1109 ]). Although
Gaspard's expression is derived from a stochastic consideration, it should be
noted that Gaspard's expression conincides with the thermodynamical expression.
For the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation, by using the detailed imbalance
relation which appears in the derivation process of the fluctuation theorem
through the Onsger-Machlup theory, the entropy production is expressed in terms
of the {\em irreversible circulation of fluctuation}, which was proposed by
Tomita and Tomita ({\em Prog.Theor.Phys.}, \textbf{51} (1974), 1731). However,
this expression for the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation differs from that
of the entropy production for the master equation. This discrepancy is due to
the difference between the master equation and the corresponding Fokker-Planck
equation, namely the former treats discrete events, but the latter equation is
an approximation of the former one. In fact, in the latter equation, the
original discrete events are smoothed out. To overcome this difficulty, we
propose the {\em path weight principle}. By using this principle, the modified
expression of the entropy production for the corresponding Fokker-Planck
equation coincides with that of the master equation (i.e., the thermodynamical
expression) for a simple chemical reaction system and a diffusion system.
| cond-mat.stat-mech | physical and chemical stochastic processes described by the master equation are investigated in this paper we examine the entropy production both for the master equation and for the corresponding fokkerplanck equation for the master equation the exact expression of the entropy production was recently derived by gaspard using the kolmogorovsinai entropy em jstatphys textbf117 2004 599 errata textbf126 2006 1109 although gaspards expression is derived from a stochastic consideration it should be noted that gaspards expression conincides with the thermodynamical expression for the corresponding fokkerplanck equation by using the detailed imbalance relation which appears in the derivation process of the fluctuation theorem through the onsgermachlup theory the entropy production is expressed in terms of the em irreversible circulation of fluctuation which was proposed by tomita and tomita em progtheorphys textbf51 1974 1731 however this expression for the corresponding fokkerplanck equation differs from that of the entropy production for the master equation this discrepancy is due to the difference between the master equation and the corresponding fokkerplanck equation namely the former treats discrete events but the latter equation is an approximation of the former one in fact in the latter equation the original discrete events are smoothed out to overcome this difficulty we propose the em path weight principle by using this principle the modified expression of the entropy production for the corresponding fokkerplanck equation coincides with that of the master equation ie the thermodynamical expression for a simple chemical reaction system and a diffusion system | [['physical', 'and', 'chemical', 'stochastic', 'processes', 'described', 'by', 'the', 'master', 'equation', 'are', 'investigated', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'examine', 'the', 'entropy', 'production', 'both', 'for', 'the', 'master', 'equation', 'and', 'for', 'the', 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711.2324 | Rigidity and relative hyperbolicity of real hyperbolic hyperplane
complements | For n>3 we study spaces obtained from finite volume complete real hyperbolic
n-manifolds by removing a compact totally geodesic submanifold of codimension
two. We prove that their fundamental groups are relative hyperbolic, co-Hopf,
biautomatic, residually hyperbolic, not K\"ahler, not isomorphic to lattices in
virtually connected real Lie groups, have no nontrivial subgroups with property
(T), have finite outer automorphism groups, satisfy Mostow-type Rigidity, have
finite asymptotic dimension and rapid decay property, and satisfy Baum-Connes
conjecture. We also characterize those lattices in real Lie groups that are
isomorphic to relatively hyperbolic groups.
| math.GR math.DG | for n3 we study spaces obtained from finite volume complete real hyperbolic nmanifolds by removing a compact totally geodesic submanifold of codimension two we prove that their fundamental groups are relative hyperbolic cohopf biautomatic residually hyperbolic not kahler not isomorphic to lattices in virtually connected real lie groups have no nontrivial subgroups with property t have finite outer automorphism groups satisfy mostowtype rigidity have finite asymptotic dimension and rapid decay property and satisfy baumconnes conjecture we also characterize those lattices in real lie groups that are isomorphic to relatively hyperbolic groups | [['for', 'n3', 'we', 'study', 'spaces', 'obtained', 'from', 'finite', 'volume', 'complete', 'real', 'hyperbolic', 'nmanifolds', 'by', 'removing', 'a', 'compact', 'totally', 'geodesic', 'submanifold', 'of', 'codimension', 'two', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'their', 'fundamental', 'groups', 'are', 'relative', 'hyperbolic', 'cohopf', 'biautomatic', 'residually', 'hyperbolic', 'not', 'kahler', 'not', 'isomorphic', 'to', 'lattices', 'in', 'virtually', 'connected', 'real', 'lie', 'groups', 'have', 'no', 'nontrivial', 'subgroups', 'with', 'property', 't', 'have', 'finite', 'outer', 'automorphism', 'groups', 'satisfy', 'mostowtype', 'rigidity', 'have', 'finite', 'asymptotic', 'dimension', 'and', 'rapid', 'decay', 'property', 'and', 'satisfy', 'baumconnes', 'conjecture', 'we', 'also', 'characterize', 'those', 'lattices', 'in', 'real', 'lie', 'groups', 'that', 'are', 'isomorphic', 'to', 'relatively', 'hyperbolic', 'groups']] | [-0.21295042413597307, 0.18804640534023445, -0.09872850336962276, 0.09645883543028806, -0.1741162489220086, -0.1786159344172726, -0.0416493335324857, 0.46602784113751516, -0.27497290728820695, -0.15491499815964035, 0.14219003738318053, -0.27760711949473865, -0.12720776549023058, 0.22347212037485506, -0.17982246707090074, -0.043958992573122184, 0.08098461062440442, 0.09961033874294824, -0.07263260278850794, -0.3514604603871703, 0.4254022747433434, -0.1489511625194508, 0.223744586813781, 0.06487433731348978, 0.0736523631028831, -0.03970347226390408, -0.025472126008632284, 0.03688546160442962, -0.18688927878085654, 0.06528808680983882, 0.33304655980318787, -0.012815813920719342, 0.14611394203837133, -0.35483265976525014, -0.17613829266435158, 0.3062464907661908, 0.1601966893610855, -0.05652267860973047, -0.10764089059860756, -0.2847647287779384, 0.16518202735007637, -0.14819072066909736, -0.22362607823581332, -0.10381850439848171, 0.062212912034657265, -0.027634807326830924, -0.0925815317598689, 0.027709676788072103, 0.1266498207817171, 0.1722316599295785, -0.07361374732313884, -0.05317464192501373, -0.10994586660009291, 0.1563573669732755, -0.034116571934686764, -0.05786251602953093, 0.08177492612351973, 0.0584145791699282, -0.1105072876218603, 0.41100538115327556, -0.014074759682019551, -0.2630765681931128, 0.18260861489300925, -0.2405895832201673, -0.25075103344085314, 0.20615950462718804, 0.13231848269287083, 0.1319717955051197, -0.01614745611117946, 0.25150317795859234, -0.138707310339022, 0.04641490375830067, 0.14441951676271855, -0.014832242532995426, 0.06430601142346859, 0.031418067537662055, 0.14966281143586255, 0.103071455517137, 0.16704419274400506, 0.016821019049449305, -0.34083062160967126, -0.19322720951297218, -0.1121594028469796, 0.16941867509578717, -0.15536766116371534, -0.22430542770824913, 0.2807123831990692, -0.023702300060540436, 0.1129043849133369, 0.19626232409435843, 0.17994850482791663, -0.036122174886986616, 0.11748417819487966, 0.12470900563833615, 0.11469103131029341, 0.291956392605789, -0.13708538346820406, -0.11346486357538701, -0.09281888095558517, 0.23063220204785467] |
711.2325 | Collective spin systems in dispersive optical cavity QED: Quantum phase
transitions and entanglement | We propose a cavity QED setup which implements a dissipative
Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model -- an interacting collective spin system. By varying
the external model parameters the system can be made to undergo both first-and
second-order quantum phase transitions, which are signified by dramatic changes
in cavity output field properties, such as the probe laser transmission
spectrum. The steady-state entanglement between pairs of atoms is shown to peak
at the critical points and can be experimentally determined by suitable
measurements on the cavity output field. The entanglement dynamics also
exhibits pronounced variations in the vicinities of the phase transitions.
| quant-ph cond-mat.other | we propose a cavity qed setup which implements a dissipative lipkinmeshkovglick model an interacting collective spin system by varying the external model parameters the system can be made to undergo both firstand secondorder quantum phase transitions which are signified by dramatic changes in cavity output field properties such as the probe laser transmission spectrum the steadystate entanglement between pairs of atoms is shown to peak at the critical points and can be experimentally determined by suitable measurements on the cavity output field the entanglement dynamics also exhibits pronounced variations in the vicinities of the phase transitions | [['we', 'propose', 'a', 'cavity', 'qed', 'setup', 'which', 'implements', 'a', 'dissipative', 'lipkinmeshkovglick', 'model', 'an', 'interacting', 'collective', 'spin', 'system', 'by', 'varying', 'the', 'external', 'model', 'parameters', 'the', 'system', 'can', 'be', 'made', 'to', 'undergo', 'both', 'firstand', 'secondorder', 'quantum', 'phase', 'transitions', 'which', 'are', 'signified', 'by', 'dramatic', 'changes', 'in', 'cavity', 'output', 'field', 'properties', 'such', 'as', 'the', 'probe', 'laser', 'transmission', 'spectrum', 'the', 'steadystate', 'entanglement', 'between', 'pairs', 'of', 'atoms', 'is', 'shown', 'to', 'peak', 'at', 'the', 'critical', 'points', 'and', 'can', 'be', 'experimentally', 'determined', 'by', 'suitable', 'measurements', 'on', 'the', 'cavity', 'output', 'field', 'the', 'entanglement', 'dynamics', 'also', 'exhibits', 'pronounced', 'variations', 'in', 'the', 'vicinities', 'of', 'the', 'phase', 'transitions']] | [-0.18854985846822578, 0.2412049678588725, -0.060657212787191384, 0.007147154277239072, 0.029663102128931012, -0.19655449095686586, 0.025048573480792886, 0.39265036454889923, -0.26357819836509105, -0.30279990654526046, 0.02095773131441092, -0.2797146857871364, -0.13678897242546859, 0.18430926240883613, 0.019845758719990652, 0.06698213126704407, 0.01626942535707106, 0.014186804910423234, -0.05151637759020863, -0.14306308057469627, 0.2879687989964926, 0.05506886854103262, 0.30740334493263316, 0.025302873205115855, 0.08649802279736225, -0.03465676175255794, 0.10212402019048265, 0.015370044881516757, -0.10227125782209139, -0.007023008390433461, 0.21265129710081965, 0.02028301198394426, 0.20062796307805306, -0.423270699189743, -0.2418301593097567, 0.08958075149954918, 0.15307695330799712, 0.16138475345845413, -0.014381325209493903, -0.32060360628626466, -0.04802746949523377, -0.145577781368047, -0.12885654703616942, -0.09872273828659672, -0.017865798118388437, 0.007099905478147169, -0.2810191404617702, 0.05600149655189549, 0.02236859075492248, 0.07014514714440641, -0.017021972647247214, 0.03311583393709346, -0.04252167357966149, 0.09992537368816556, -0.029474573166226037, 0.030767815228803858, 0.21599562001938466, -0.11975201862029887, -0.1130330386319353, 0.3718464699826048, -0.11412351509109915, -0.12766367538612636, 0.16015794600146668, -0.171623362461105, -0.04015662111244941, 0.16813698621020498, 0.15263600881735329, 0.07938486291095614, -0.14661046474551162, 0.030594207850299426, 0.024263017000824522, 0.22491742439645654, 0.0432753765101855, 0.10319693831843324, 0.26067188118274015, 0.1284578275832852, -0.009979156224289909, 0.23397601466907267, -0.07953019388939235, -0.1538636578261503, -0.27537741752166767, -0.10139051401104855, -0.1823196981131332, 0.023474130284739658, -0.08300144896672161, -0.134798335678776, 0.4288692978734616, 0.13381872829631902, 0.18912865193366693, -0.06629644514032407, 0.2815488582321753, 0.19280460327718174, 0.06469416236116861, 0.0296090650226688, 0.3089877857382817, 0.1454835527232111, 0.08998308734832487, -0.32702747253642883, 0.04770023507201889, 0.01246808754755572] |
711.2326 | Reflecting on Cherenkov reflections | Magic Telescope may observe and reveal at horizons lights from air-shower
Cherenkov reflections. The ground, the sea, the cloudy sky (below the mountain)
may reflect PeVs-EeV UHECR Cherenkov lights observable by MAGIC telescopes.
Even rarest UHE neutrino skimming the atmosphere or skimming the Earth may
induce upward-horizontal airshowers: a new Neutrino Astronomy. These
fluorescence signals or the Cherenkov reflections in upper cloudy sky may flash
in correlated BL-Lac or GRB shining at opposite edges. Geomagnetic splitting of
Horizontal Air-showers may offer a new spectroscopy of UHECR from the knee up
to GZK energy edges.
| astro-ph | magic telescope may observe and reveal at horizons lights from airshower cherenkov reflections the ground the sea the cloudy sky below the mountain may reflect pevseev uhecr cherenkov lights observable by magic telescopes even rarest uhe neutrino skimming the atmosphere or skimming the earth may induce upwardhorizontal airshowers a new neutrino astronomy these fluorescence signals or the cherenkov reflections in upper cloudy sky may flash in correlated bllac or grb shining at opposite edges geomagnetic splitting of horizontal airshowers may offer a new spectroscopy of uhecr from the knee up to gzk energy edges | [['magic', 'telescope', 'may', 'observe', 'and', 'reveal', 'at', 'horizons', 'lights', 'from', 'airshower', 'cherenkov', 'reflections', 'the', 'ground', 'the', 'sea', 'the', 'cloudy', 'sky', 'below', 'the', 'mountain', 'may', 'reflect', 'pevseev', 'uhecr', 'cherenkov', 'lights', 'observable', 'by', 'magic', 'telescopes', 'even', 'rarest', 'uhe', 'neutrino', 'skimming', 'the', 'atmosphere', 'or', 'skimming', 'the', 'earth', 'may', 'induce', 'upwardhorizontal', 'airshowers', 'a', 'new', 'neutrino', 'astronomy', 'these', 'fluorescence', 'signals', 'or', 'the', 'cherenkov', 'reflections', 'in', 'upper', 'cloudy', 'sky', 'may', 'flash', 'in', 'correlated', 'bllac', 'or', 'grb', 'shining', 'at', 'opposite', 'edges', 'geomagnetic', 'splitting', 'of', 'horizontal', 'airshowers', 'may', 'offer', 'a', 'new', 'spectroscopy', 'of', 'uhecr', 'from', 'the', 'knee', 'up', 'to', 'gzk', 'energy', 'edges']] | [-0.0863400179166448, 0.38400424775950937, -0.06249365934079675, 0.2485463399561527, -0.14144453271697072, -0.06937217565617808, 0.06513721592035955, 0.4520593765090503, -0.1860890440369511, -0.4103259253518089, 0.028558200731387606, -0.4097739470636715, 0.009914853875828989, 0.21386165401908447, -0.009629266812344607, -0.05829845293824885, 0.17090158492488705, -0.10306495176273925, 0.01408081252441701, -0.13745733577042815, 0.1866222153539243, 0.20402681882209753, 0.2006075375485006, 0.10006690685860002, 0.11169373943298326, -0.0731673441174359, -0.04799651215865236, -0.13020291750865948, 0.0063726333293901835, -0.001639953646783555, 0.2598506366206414, 0.12875083647668362, 0.08209772149617177, -0.4447019503087453, -0.24808558323623045, 0.14170376633789958, 0.14323093919285937, -0.01000349437210547, -0.04048725578468293, -0.4136559328307276, -0.0286483715703387, -0.12593454555810793, -0.21941653860267252, 0.14487249577296493, -0.16379195104008945, 0.05474045933426722, -0.17709822960845803, -0.040899152637670654, -0.025187431115267354, 0.09202587118710179, -0.03983490970036339, -0.18148590652170873, -0.028316308158378968, 0.08192917466436958, 0.09591610896029085, -0.03174484820793504, 0.14719572294827388, -0.11477292302879505, -0.09332220666312976, 0.3827135271149809, -0.06451266129632764, 0.04469098659920628, 0.1371183582915641, -0.28292834469744854, -0.1240170263968732, 0.27494371755291586, 0.21744068363888958, 0.07319834910879802, -0.15546920192023012, 0.011469684955638671, -0.04343758545228806, 0.14726457038752572, 0.17507079654656674, 0.011817664793773514, 0.4010281810820427, 0.13630772649270037, 0.2368347406508806, 0.02709281706230958, -0.3440131489896094, 0.09372761981237841, -0.2892485615694845, -0.0718545536308185, -0.16325383981608826, 0.15873130648026784, -0.03208902026207121, -0.14571715286001563, 0.4082721092576242, 0.12122440313965932, 0.07613300413662649, -0.06052243135586057, 0.3188052225412558, -0.038393917250568455, 0.06850854062940925, 0.06968828752692587, 0.3650909593409818, 0.042291179094362356, 0.1592785765254951, -0.1902989697308563, 0.07220773353069292, 0.037654137598229165] |
711.2327 | Spectropolarimetric observations of Herbig Ae/Be Stars I: HiVIS
spectropolarimetric calibration and reduction techniques | Using the HiVIS spectropolarimeter built for the Haleakala 3.7m AEOS
telescope in Hawaii, we are collecting a large number of high precision
spectropolarimetrc observations of stars. In order to precisely measure very
small polarization changes, we have performed a number of polarization
calibration techniques on the AEOS telescope and HiVIS spectrograph. We have
extended our dedicated IDL reduction package and have performed some hardware
upgrades to the instrument. We have also used the ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter
on CFHT to verify the HiVIS results with back-to-back observations of MWC 361
and HD163296. Comparision of this and other HiVIS data with stellar
observations from the ISIS and WW spectropolarimeters in the literature further
shows the usefulness of this instrument.
| astro-ph | using the hivis spectropolarimeter built for the haleakala 37m aeos telescope in hawaii we are collecting a large number of high precision spectropolarimetrc observations of stars in order to precisely measure very small polarization changes we have performed a number of polarization calibration techniques on the aeos telescope and hivis spectrograph we have extended our dedicated idl reduction package and have performed some hardware upgrades to the instrument we have also used the espadons spectropolarimeter on cfht to verify the hivis results with backtoback observations of mwc 361 and hd163296 comparision of this and other hivis data with stellar observations from the isis and ww spectropolarimeters in the literature further shows the usefulness of this instrument | [['using', 'the', 'hivis', 'spectropolarimeter', 'built', 'for', 'the', 'haleakala', '37m', 'aeos', 'telescope', 'in', 'hawaii', 'we', 'are', 'collecting', 'a', 'large', 'number', 'of', 'high', 'precision', 'spectropolarimetrc', 'observations', 'of', 'stars', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'precisely', 'measure', 'very', 'small', 'polarization', 'changes', 'we', 'have', 'performed', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'polarization', 'calibration', 'techniques', 'on', 'the', 'aeos', 'telescope', 'and', 'hivis', 'spectrograph', 'we', 'have', 'extended', 'our', 'dedicated', 'idl', 'reduction', 'package', 'and', 'have', 'performed', 'some', 'hardware', 'upgrades', 'to', 'the', 'instrument', 'we', 'have', 'also', 'used', 'the', 'espadons', 'spectropolarimeter', 'on', 'cfht', 'to', 'verify', 'the', 'hivis', 'results', 'with', 'backtoback', 'observations', 'of', 'mwc', '361', 'and', 'hd163296', 'comparision', 'of', 'this', 'and', 'other', 'hivis', 'data', 'with', 'stellar', 'observations', 'from', 'the', 'isis', 'and', 'ww', 'spectropolarimeters', 'in', 'the', 'literature', 'further', 'shows', 'the', 'usefulness', 'of', 'this', 'instrument']] | [-0.0786958950450239, 0.05643345617952392, -0.136749593158374, 0.02131610236879762, -0.1416302809977661, -0.12307435667709164, -0.003604855834324237, 0.44658574636863624, -0.12088389616945515, -0.393062810016715, 0.16651536674218495, -0.32820685049417714, -0.05128614664199236, 0.2670567619179011, -0.04039213116402211, 0.08604132453708545, 0.20685319664847593, -0.11267451683221304, 0.001483570334865995, -0.2832288590219358, 0.2248118368341871, 0.17080154804431874, 0.2137190435729597, -0.03779506126175756, 0.10765350558288882, -0.06354870905127863, -0.12046098109820615, -0.0029815807391929887, -0.11908046976136773, 0.06467912322189912, 0.28607250749052543, 0.17154885587161, 0.1943295875483233, -0.38534060525505437, -0.09118718051797021, 0.013657731085043886, 0.06071188941233508, -0.02564402449997547, -0.03602347284879374, -0.352985228565724, 0.08582807685977414, -0.16706454978202995, -0.13433861747060133, -0.031039207938896574, -0.05509524195981414, 0.05508181243001119, -0.2581802989801635, -0.08502934508395138, -0.11647505074253549, 0.19861250578061393, -0.0896857629125209, -0.16867649414293143, -0.041999390761813395, 0.12110295148323412, -0.053820055123904476, 0.05762707446904286, 0.036635804500268855, -0.07456365049533221, -0.07289803747249686, 0.30386168372047984, -0.1553447708214188, -0.038081419986227286, 0.17916985426260076, -0.24127034692336682, -0.2494119085614448, 0.10097573883021656, 0.23545346917665522, 0.12887556021628171, -0.16285561604182358, 0.09604835052437999, -0.014619123255429061, 0.2163836622570196, 0.07988186517892325, 0.07242841641621098, 0.1820655957998141, 0.15091829406826393, -0.021260364916499543, 0.12033441740381734, -0.3474071589824946, 0.03215525312268216, -0.23251207951942215, -0.1288492315641159, -0.11602864244056905, 0.00945410688367227, -0.06191641549799976, -0.057918717983462244, 0.3585424051498589, 0.1849971155433551, 0.14079068353723573, 0.022791890127827293, 0.33819285294688917, 0.032101836335926275, 0.16781345857408544, 0.031671876427919965, 0.30383191896911266, 0.1299758930338177, 0.21221379453883224, -0.23560459708248305, -0.023617366340983173, -0.008598133488355772] |
711.2328 | Entanglement generation using silicon wire waveguide | We report the first entanglement generation experiment that utilizes a
silicon waveguide. Using spontaneous four-wave mixing in a 1.09-cm-long silicon
wire waveguide, we generated 1.5-um, high-purity time-bin entangled photons
without temperature control, and observed a two-photon interference fringe with
>73% visibility.
| quant-ph | we report the first entanglement generation experiment that utilizes a silicon waveguide using spontaneous fourwave mixing in a 109cmlong silicon wire waveguide we generated 15um highpurity timebin entangled photons without temperature control and observed a twophoton interference fringe with 73 visibility | [['we', 'report', 'the', 'first', 'entanglement', 'generation', 'experiment', 'that', 'utilizes', 'a', 'silicon', 'waveguide', 'using', 'spontaneous', 'fourwave', 'mixing', 'in', 'a', '109cmlong', 'silicon', 'wire', 'waveguide', 'we', 'generated', '15um', 'highpurity', 'timebin', 'entangled', 'photons', 'without', 'temperature', 'control', 'and', 'observed', 'a', 'twophoton', 'interference', 'fringe', 'with', '73', 'visibility']] | [-0.1641968197422102, 0.3057261921931058, -0.008825100655667485, -0.07753654554253445, 0.004187858197838068, -0.22467114188475534, 0.1001316225156188, 0.5700090344063937, -0.14921786475460977, -0.2963893223553896, -0.0602015250507975, -0.35526646956568586, -0.04515952927758917, 0.17864951085066422, 0.057034749444574116, 0.15384993717307224, 0.10489502829732374, -0.1469046796206385, 0.00791744117741473, -0.09827826829277911, 0.23037075580796226, 0.04431274525122717, 0.4215576277114451, 0.04990271114511415, 0.20147131850244476, 0.01331397210014984, 0.002714502951130271, -0.1517935283249244, -0.06126188043945149, 0.05598558424971998, 0.22228656059014612, 0.005861794366501272, 0.16165320291183888, -0.4202457195147872, -0.159470094460994, 0.10716006737202406, 0.12305661924183368, 0.21467163767665626, -0.15451746514881962, -0.38183628865517677, -0.05487574657890946, -0.16530406979145482, -0.04691446574870497, 0.03597016006242484, -0.11360767832957208, -0.13237182572484016, -0.2914560300298035, 0.027064799732761456, -5.014459602534771e-05, 0.045555002568289635, 0.12864326887065544, 0.057027565792668614, -0.02400126727297902, -0.03442515170900151, -0.22538366704247892, -0.044982488616369665, 0.2140336020369432, -0.043572239321656527, -0.2350331699475646, 0.3161893111653626, -0.16174190731253474, -0.06662627593614161, 0.06258050432661548, -0.2151864584069699, 0.014195654215291143, 0.17935266122221946, 0.15285553527064621, 0.08242234877543524, -0.1597912629134953, -0.07809804924909258, -0.0285097086802125, 0.3349417123710737, 0.2371354284696281, 0.21602372956695035, 0.18507175373379142, 0.2411745463963598, 0.006371083884732798, 0.2559711738838814, -0.21142009724862873, 0.01380671290680766, -0.3118021988775581, -0.17495568681042642, -0.23292489304440095, 0.0936407332890667, -0.06577872213638329, -0.09695157473906875, 0.4138090817490593, 0.11746411074418575, 0.056200188538059595, -0.043345231941202655, 0.34457166213542223, 0.07731924094259739, 0.09936985613312573, 0.0012877998873591424, 0.3428149541192397, 0.2239230231381953, 0.12775811901083217, -0.3160368519369513, -0.02546661833766848, -0.07051626530010253] |
711.2329 | Time-reversal symmetry breaking by a $(d+id)$ density-wave state in
underdoped cuprate superconductors | It was proposed that the $id_{x^2-y^2}$ density-wave state (DDW) may be
responsible for the pseudogap behavior in the underdoped cuprates. Here we show
that the admixture of a small $d_{xy}$ component to the DDW state breaks the
symmetry between the counter-propagating orbital currents of the DDW state and,
thus, violates the macroscopic time-reversal symmetry. This symmetry breaking
results in a non-zero polar Kerr effect, which has recently been observed in
the pseudogap phase.
| cond-mat.str-el | it was proposed that the id_x2y2 densitywave state ddw may be responsible for the pseudogap behavior in the underdoped cuprates here we show that the admixture of a small d_xy component to the ddw state breaks the symmetry between the counterpropagating orbital currents of the ddw state and thus violates the macroscopic timereversal symmetry this symmetry breaking results in a nonzero polar kerr effect which has recently been observed in the pseudogap phase | [['it', 'was', 'proposed', 'that', 'the', 'id_x2y2', 'densitywave', 'state', 'ddw', 'may', 'be', 'responsible', 'for', 'the', 'pseudogap', 'behavior', 'in', 'the', 'underdoped', 'cuprates', 'here', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'admixture', 'of', 'a', 'small', 'd_xy', 'component', 'to', 'the', 'ddw', 'state', 'breaks', 'the', 'symmetry', 'between', 'the', 'counterpropagating', 'orbital', 'currents', 'of', 'the', 'ddw', 'state', 'and', 'thus', 'violates', 'the', 'macroscopic', 'timereversal', 'symmetry', 'this', 'symmetry', 'breaking', 'results', 'in', 'a', 'nonzero', 'polar', 'kerr', 'effect', 'which', 'has', 'recently', 'been', 'observed', 'in', 'the', 'pseudogap', 'phase']] | [-0.23524512380309817, 0.27740473037960733, -0.10256869871065849, 0.06925096767534139, -0.101928200171743, -0.11470623443731004, 0.04592829620297481, 0.3046539610820926, -0.24011285377976796, -0.22137541805083552, -0.0025737790258265, -0.2996634890894509, -0.11563179797182481, 0.06559667980764061, 0.03239888012629106, 0.04129762126184586, -0.111658160859305, -0.03911656361338424, -0.1484353000155857, -0.18711072584200236, 0.3238952109952354, -0.024422718212008476, 0.38348087049477425, 0.07079596957191825, 0.06365272858723377, -0.042192715084335454, 0.18338060571760353, -0.046396477574793, -0.08685127359320985, -0.022649803522249892, 0.2736517927001437, -0.04342001070229647, 0.1703014388654588, -0.431076212022971, -0.2566270761372935, 0.03432405444780468, 0.13595736773438855, 0.20438979225097378, -0.08729982638679859, -0.34855874806332093, 0.025083609714379743, -0.20092150776246046, -0.1680317302687197, -0.11220511667326921, 0.025301360214749973, -0.1152528274720276, -0.24822253234580988, 0.16913512743647313, 0.12686332288366328, 0.03062547798941119, -0.10099599265959114, -0.073012820943, -0.15120048021587232, 0.015287844114936888, 0.14411523441473642, 0.0765752301344441, 0.022203318831290945, -0.14050428371329973, -0.11639958846434537, 0.36006361101236606, -0.018416501271227997, -0.10140702137464865, 0.11045748160945044, -0.2145939103534652, -0.12032412537114902, 0.1687474922897915, 0.04623620024520076, 0.04886239052413859, -0.0749621781190702, 0.06506594904203666, -0.08065899358027512, 0.20383053498032191, 0.03562866345358392, 0.10087660868238243, 0.2667401579933034, 0.15847183854526115, 0.046653960469282336, 0.12854011325058914, -0.1433822646277905, -0.11690123577459922, -0.2811912677716464, -0.15158963909036377, -0.23925008128086725, 0.015563622087938711, -0.016451077199235442, -0.10262399713974446, 0.4366534115914773, 0.14342830544369967, 0.20668199663567874, -0.14041930820126758, 0.22242145239660102, 0.1231369237260272, 0.09065400148716031, 0.08831463078968227, 0.3175655024501288, 0.11109877871381792, 0.10023795100601597, -0.39705992536619306, 0.134617066088443, 0.033699825399607] |
711.233 | Black Hole Evaporation and Generalized 2nd Law with Nonequilibrium
Thermodynamics | In general, when a black hole evaporates, there arises a net energy flow from
black hole into its outside environment due to Hawking radiation and energy
accretion onto black hole. The existence of energy flow means that the
thermodynamic state of the whole system, which consists of a black hole and its
environment, is in a nonequilibrium state. To know the detail of evaporation
process, the nonequilibrium effects of energy flow should be taken into
account. The nonequilibrium nature of black hole evaporation is a challenging
topic including issues of not only black hole physics but also nonequilibrium
physics. Using the nonequilibrium thermodynamics which has been formulated
recently, this report shows: (1) the self-gravitational effect of black hole
which appears as its negative heat capacity guarantees the validity of
generalized 2nd law without entropy production inside the outside environment,
(2) the nonequilibrium effect of energy flow tends to shorten the evaporation
time (life time) of black hole, and consequently specific nonequilibrium
phenomena are suggested. Finally a future direction of this study is commented.
| gr-qc | in general when a black hole evaporates there arises a net energy flow from black hole into its outside environment due to hawking radiation and energy accretion onto black hole the existence of energy flow means that the thermodynamic state of the whole system which consists of a black hole and its environment is in a nonequilibrium state to know the detail of evaporation process the nonequilibrium effects of energy flow should be taken into account the nonequilibrium nature of black hole evaporation is a challenging topic including issues of not only black hole physics but also nonequilibrium physics using the nonequilibrium thermodynamics which has been formulated recently this report shows 1 the selfgravitational effect of black hole which appears as its negative heat capacity guarantees the validity of generalized 2nd law without entropy production inside the outside environment 2 the nonequilibrium effect of energy flow tends to shorten the evaporation time life time of black hole and consequently specific nonequilibrium phenomena are suggested finally a future direction of this study is commented | [['in', 'general', 'when', 'a', 'black', 'hole', 'evaporates', 'there', 'arises', 'a', 'net', 'energy', 'flow', 'from', 'black', 'hole', 'into', 'its', 'outside', 'environment', 'due', 'to', 'hawking', 'radiation', 'and', 'energy', 'accretion', 'onto', 'black', 'hole', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'energy', 'flow', 'means', 'that', 'the', 'thermodynamic', 'state', 'of', 'the', 'whole', 'system', 'which', 'consists', 'of', 'a', 'black', 'hole', 'and', 'its', 'environment', 'is', 'in', 'a', 'nonequilibrium', 'state', 'to', 'know', 'the', 'detail', 'of', 'evaporation', 'process', 'the', 'nonequilibrium', 'effects', 'of', 'energy', 'flow', 'should', 'be', 'taken', 'into', 'account', 'the', 'nonequilibrium', 'nature', 'of', 'black', 'hole', 'evaporation', 'is', 'a', 'challenging', 'topic', 'including', 'issues', 'of', 'not', 'only', 'black', 'hole', 'physics', 'but', 'also', 'nonequilibrium', 'physics', 'using', 'the', 'nonequilibrium', 'thermodynamics', 'which', 'has', 'been', 'formulated', 'recently', 'this', 'report', 'shows', '1', 'the', 'selfgravitational', 'effect', 'of', 'black', 'hole', 'which', 'appears', 'as', 'its', 'negative', 'heat', 'capacity', 'guarantees', 'the', 'validity', 'of', 'generalized', '2nd', 'law', 'without', 'entropy', 'production', 'inside', 'the', 'outside', 'environment', '2', 'the', 'nonequilibrium', 'effect', 'of', 'energy', 'flow', 'tends', 'to', 'shorten', 'the', 'evaporation', 'time', 'life', 'time', 'of', 'black', 'hole', 'and', 'consequently', 'specific', 'nonequilibrium', 'phenomena', 'are', 'suggested', 'finally', 'a', 'future', 'direction', 'of', 'this', 'study', 'is', 'commented']] | [-0.11364087199733722, 0.12889071092860116, -0.11561579188208145, 0.11345510534453483, -0.0585144509943579, -0.1252438583185175, 0.05658293875860255, 0.2659290618064, -0.22779839445777625, -0.29422482451144066, 0.09861149481696889, -0.29532201257884244, -0.04744959412872081, 0.19285151236986667, -0.043519509074714226, 0.036190582229688524, 0.010864987716380227, 0.04890233294020886, -0.06137719133840551, -0.19797468577333957, 0.34216793528300404, 0.11258467228348351, 0.2696232688249859, 0.11046453346659811, 0.08985187695151386, -0.006950077145882597, 0.038808058722905624, 0.08160107368011178, -0.14886720285629296, 0.006124002622128222, 0.21409147829920958, 0.12453056808771037, 0.28982802243591044, -0.43784587644040585, -0.3025571552705493, 0.05831886272382185, 0.12053660206117188, 0.14692862725727843, -0.13189453493286937, -0.22755878185651485, 0.019368571312384775, -0.24540703850556056, -0.14328387503463752, -0.014871712561142954, 0.06949369406201096, -0.03757064357922127, -0.17480361496362123, 0.16236384815487317, 0.12730277556323075, -0.08496411238807776, -0.1169999797372255, -0.026803068046840284, -0.09536071113617606, 0.13442418671760176, 0.11372458759067457, 0.005689319332178704, 0.26471369476878553, -0.11722574595394249, -0.08974924973734369, 0.373434055273588, -0.013322488092238655, -0.14472823524363124, 0.18723368585631897, -0.2362879470173765, -0.08475954056249102, 0.15975596076092882, 0.1701660492400924, 0.16973820052768618, -0.19833652930500084, 0.10214346052434112, 0.027984049430956816, 0.16990965982358042, 0.05260191629829176, 0.045333086751533316, 0.39058704885271933, 0.17319792447977758, -0.009951468357934772, 0.2053261653518821, -0.056512923690495806, -0.14753951322868725, -0.2721913374658954, -0.17499415004206015, -0.1920200941150179, 0.15353311017443994, -0.07446054908532092, -0.16985062573837234, 0.34445655021299687, 0.10644846526790488, 0.1677576843972151, -0.05336767724497147, 0.28396009743170586, 0.11643763939981924, -0.0003365831923364215, 0.11444736677733373, 0.3069320328539033, 0.1268314863420549, 0.18732365196761863, -0.2868916261120231, 0.037265112834869524, 0.07423801534416187] |
711.2331 | A shape of charged particle lateral distribution in individual EAS
events with energy above 10^19 eV arriving from different celestial regions | A shape of lateral distribution for charged particles in events with energy
above 10^19eV is considered. Two methods were used for individual LDF
parametrization. In the first approach, the index of power was determined for
generalized Greisen-Linsley approximation. In second, mean square radius of the
shower was determined for approximation proposed by Lagutin et al. Comparison
of resulted parameters is presented for individual events arrived from
different celestial regions -- Galactic planes and the region with increased
flux of particles with E(0)>=10^19eV (according to Yakutsk array): 1.7h-3.7h
right ascension; 45-60 degrees declination.
| astro-ph | a shape of lateral distribution for charged particles in events with energy above 1019ev is considered two methods were used for individual ldf parametrization in the first approach the index of power was determined for generalized greisenlinsley approximation in second mean square radius of the shower was determined for approximation proposed by lagutin et al comparison of resulted parameters is presented for individual events arrived from different celestial regions galactic planes and the region with increased flux of particles with e01019ev according to yakutsk array 17h37h right ascension 4560 degrees declination | [['a', 'shape', 'of', 'lateral', 'distribution', 'for', 'charged', 'particles', 'in', 'events', 'with', 'energy', 'above', '1019ev', 'is', 'considered', 'two', 'methods', 'were', 'used', 'for', 'individual', 'ldf', 'parametrization', 'in', 'the', 'first', 'approach', 'the', 'index', 'of', 'power', 'was', 'determined', 'for', 'generalized', 'greisenlinsley', 'approximation', 'in', 'second', 'mean', 'square', 'radius', 'of', 'the', 'shower', 'was', 'determined', 'for', 'approximation', 'proposed', 'by', 'lagutin', 'et', 'al', 'comparison', 'of', 'resulted', 'parameters', 'is', 'presented', 'for', 'individual', 'events', 'arrived', 'from', 'different', 'celestial', 'regions', 'galactic', 'planes', 'and', 'the', 'region', 'with', 'increased', 'flux', 'of', 'particles', 'with', 'e01019ev', 'according', 'to', 'yakutsk', 'array', '17h37h', 'right', 'ascension', '4560', 'degrees', 'declination']] | [-0.05822691190506107, 0.1462957000723858, -0.03386420074679043, 0.045245894249635696, -0.016786824440819092, -0.05724362318735869, -0.0024800790987651923, 0.40341648060143337, -0.18843956901584805, -0.4028434891296529, 0.013802296097989825, -0.30967954888233334, -0.03501398933398398, 0.17724553475841537, -0.03171628609001262, 0.04309278969578017, 0.027235222541480916, 0.006484523827702492, -0.04617216698183068, -0.19391006300621932, 0.20194573263669835, 0.16040250856359756, 0.2509310170151721, 0.005468696410682095, 0.1530214854376926, 0.022802395527331352, -0.08356313329275655, 0.036608104769929296, -0.15766642231965203, 0.0700267949516232, 0.1947230818606485, 0.0844655223672503, 0.17572571283698768, -0.36082941114945316, -0.1920713685538577, 0.08101948047452874, 0.14330925718592158, -0.005108339926120879, -0.018363432656309898, -0.2841144633832677, 0.07791184947221144, -0.15773321207527113, -0.2062775176072001, 0.06500461809979431, 0.03201590854160745, 0.09418275863488858, -0.2785104535942919, 0.12608328844680206, -0.011291995906838399, 0.07719060524912744, -0.06086150017277948, -0.22562159688864974, -0.008546064896830198, 0.11693423115059562, 0.07192844841308121, 0.029702816838291526, 0.1333701701824093, -0.06174656126819465, -0.09857844798986254, 0.35964986733321486, -0.008511376213924638, -0.15851227775545276, 0.09578829556777163, -0.1752957822380309, -0.09124280630621588, 0.20528373504378672, 0.17387605259387656, 0.09648959036788037, -0.18177313662680059, 0.05400087703059524, -0.005727948076305804, 0.17914516750680304, 0.13936582534177894, -0.047051733257998336, 0.2297236048991139, 0.13624476335257635, 0.058335251892092585, 0.11534365788958538, -0.21099550909919387, -0.09377752499047388, -0.2762649229984602, -0.09087680576733131, -0.18582217485226435, -0.02711271184437036, -0.09262066349456081, -0.11738309481491645, 0.41565874236068506, 0.08502123996765278, 0.18049455864419198, 0.008781173737484148, 0.2534384485120061, 0.07751588506260138, 0.029485309020155805, 0.07394294962072852, 0.31663193241104315, 0.1447168312934709, 0.08365496284938578, -0.1494537879068581, 0.057862519967669473, 0.09393223745470074] |
711.2332 | Generation of slow intense optical solitons in a resonance photonic
crystal | We demonstrate interesting and previously unforeseen properties of a pair of
gap solitons in a resonant photonic crystal which are predicted and explained
in a physically transparent form using both analytical and numerical methods.
The most important result is the fact that an oscillating gap soliton created
by the presence of a localized population inversion inside the crystal can be
manipulated by means of a proper choice of bit rate, phase and amplitude
modulation. Developing this idea, we are able to obtain qualitatively different
regimes of a resonant photonic crystal operation. In particular, a noteworthy
observation is that both the delay time and amplitude difference must exceed a
certain level to ensure effective control over the soliton dynamics.
| physics.optics | we demonstrate interesting and previously unforeseen properties of a pair of gap solitons in a resonant photonic crystal which are predicted and explained in a physically transparent form using both analytical and numerical methods the most important result is the fact that an oscillating gap soliton created by the presence of a localized population inversion inside the crystal can be manipulated by means of a proper choice of bit rate phase and amplitude modulation developing this idea we are able to obtain qualitatively different regimes of a resonant photonic crystal operation in particular a noteworthy observation is that both the delay time and amplitude difference must exceed a certain level to ensure effective control over the soliton dynamics | [['we', 'demonstrate', 'interesting', 'and', 'previously', 'unforeseen', 'properties', 'of', 'a', 'pair', 'of', 'gap', 'solitons', 'in', 'a', 'resonant', 'photonic', 'crystal', 'which', 'are', 'predicted', 'and', 'explained', 'in', 'a', 'physically', 'transparent', 'form', 'using', 'both', 'analytical', 'and', 'numerical', 'methods', 'the', 'most', 'important', 'result', 'is', 'the', 'fact', 'that', 'an', 'oscillating', 'gap', 'soliton', 'created', 'by', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'a', 'localized', 'population', 'inversion', 'inside', 'the', 'crystal', 'can', 'be', 'manipulated', 'by', 'means', 'of', 'a', 'proper', 'choice', 'of', 'bit', 'rate', 'phase', 'and', 'amplitude', 'modulation', 'developing', 'this', 'idea', 'we', 'are', 'able', 'to', 'obtain', 'qualitatively', 'different', 'regimes', 'of', 'a', 'resonant', 'photonic', 'crystal', 'operation', 'in', 'particular', 'a', 'noteworthy', 'observation', 'is', 'that', 'both', 'the', 'delay', 'time', 'and', 'amplitude', 'difference', 'must', 'exceed', 'a', 'certain', 'level', 'to', 'ensure', 'effective', 'control', 'over', 'the', 'soliton', 'dynamics']] | [-0.18339924931736323, 0.15923210845826594, -0.1065535477038978, 0.05701279060587571, -0.06578491544311518, -0.13845979938504555, 0.08189523209012665, 0.42008363534459625, -0.26071630621632813, -0.3098148269641955, 0.08597526544117037, -0.20489990343813294, -0.16658544100000192, 0.22933349544695436, -0.020003117123713433, 0.03807047739036981, 0.04350201908787081, 0.007887797059207145, -0.04699409882127607, -0.1827082812936061, 0.2834575955975027, 0.024745517023602278, 0.3034433003996452, 0.042590173288895666, 0.08137126327334446, -0.01393165269282536, 0.028167913569200596, 0.013436717937219005, -0.11680283307423914, 0.09703535867768134, 0.2574676329968497, 0.01760016698133737, 0.245699650927652, -0.42880084442953437, -0.22778285225119316, 0.062091382631787366, 0.17999803004944223, 0.16276581488427375, -0.10166867541038763, -0.2818207684272932, 0.07615497609663566, -0.14908791060354246, -0.15681913974142428, -0.07157410918813893, 0.0010584283114994987, 0.027481330100888924, -0.24938850569680837, 0.05101725262056018, 0.05807127448398683, 0.008834662365774482, -0.05574753543290988, -0.025471836014777042, -0.03733398521050685, 0.08012877232434576, 0.01456904462321614, 0.001162851317361455, 0.1207054001792192, -0.11587345054554674, -0.10699212128470131, 0.36393532872207907, -0.08040504533229238, -0.1734315751621626, 0.16200643715298718, -0.13700047923425623, -0.02645224468166924, 0.1769408893147957, 0.12772524343276695, 0.08806799053830111, -0.12773928579911825, 0.028186617721507514, -0.0250674498822911, 0.22084696890423233, 0.11697571042735698, 0.0864140031764568, 0.23351849126234903, 0.17403260534195134, 0.021247206015070363, 0.13932581987109635, -0.06704591791951654, -0.09636639184081706, -0.30246446499506296, -0.12515477534488112, -0.1744657841597889, 0.01609366667314859, -0.07699234383780079, -0.14003536611463938, 0.42183859893160286, 0.0988404733105168, 0.1894105598152915, -0.03368229950063909, 0.26320201375174446, 0.16247148585300578, 0.06243301186142331, 0.05133954416250147, 0.26848157610097045, 0.11473257531475087, 0.06247376908560015, -0.24716021013209374, 0.05941582136487557, 0.006021311684211684] |
711.2333 | The Structures of Distant Galaxies I: Galaxy Structures and the Merger
Rate to z~3 in the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field | This paper begins a series in which we examine the structures of distant
galaxies to directly determine the history of their formation modes. We start
this series by examining the structures of z_F850LP < 27 galaxies in the Hubble
Ultra-Deep field, the deepest high-resolution optical image taken to date. We
investigate a few basic features of galaxy structure using this image. These
include: (1) The agreement of visual eye-ball classifications and
non-parametric quantitative (CAS, Gini/M_20) methods; (2) How distant galaxy
quantitative structures can vary as a function of rest-frame wavelength; and
(3) The evolution of distant galaxy structures up to z~3. One of our major
conclusions is that the majority of galaxies with z_850 < 27 are peculiar in
appearance, and that galaxy assembly is rapidly occurring at these magnitudes,
even up to the present time. We find a general agreement between galaxy
classification by eye and through quantitative methods, as well as a general
agreement between the CAS and the Gini/M_20 parameters. We find that the
Gini/M_20 method appears to find a larger number of galaxy mergers than the CAS
system, but contains a larger contamination from non-mergers. We furthermore
calculate the merger rate of galaxies in the UDF up to z~3, finding an increase
with redshift as well as stellar mass, confirming previous work in the Hubble
Deep Field. We find that massive galaxies with M_{*} > 10^10 M_0 undergo
4.3_+0.8^-0.8 major galaxy mergers at z < 3, with all of this merging occurring
at z > 1.
| astro-ph | this paper begins a series in which we examine the structures of distant galaxies to directly determine the history of their formation modes we start this series by examining the structures of z_f850lp 27 galaxies in the hubble ultradeep field the deepest highresolution optical image taken to date we investigate a few basic features of galaxy structure using this image these include 1 the agreement of visual eyeball classifications and nonparametric quantitative cas ginim_20 methods 2 how distant galaxy quantitative structures can vary as a function of restframe wavelength and 3 the evolution of distant galaxy structures up to z3 one of our major conclusions is that the majority of galaxies with z_850 27 are peculiar in appearance and that galaxy assembly is rapidly occurring at these magnitudes even up to the present time we find a general agreement between galaxy classification by eye and through quantitative methods as well as a general agreement between the cas and the ginim_20 parameters we find that the ginim_20 method appears to find a larger number of galaxy mergers than the cas system but contains a larger contamination from nonmergers we furthermore calculate the merger rate of galaxies in the udf up to z3 finding an increase with redshift as well as stellar mass confirming previous work in the hubble deep field we find that massive galaxies with m_ 1010 m_0 undergo 43_0808 major galaxy mergers at z 3 with all of this merging occurring at z 1 | [['this', 'paper', 'begins', 'a', 'series', 'in', 'which', 'we', 'examine', 'the', 'structures', 'of', 'distant', 'galaxies', 'to', 'directly', 'determine', 'the', 'history', 'of', 'their', 'formation', 'modes', 'we', 'start', 'this', 'series', 'by', 'examining', 'the', 'structures', 'of', 'z_f850lp', '27', 'galaxies', 'in', 'the', 'hubble', 'ultradeep', 'field', 'the', 'deepest', 'highresolution', 'optical', 'image', 'taken', 'to', 'date', 'we', 'investigate', 'a', 'few', 'basic', 'features', 'of', 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711.2334 | Encouraging the grand coalition in convex cooperative games | A solution function for convex transferable utility games encourages the
grand coalition if no player prefers (in a precise sense defined in the text)
any coalition to the grand coalition. We show that the Shapley value encourages
the grand coalition in all convex games and the tau-value encourages the grand
coalitions in convex games up to three (but not more than three) players.
Solution functions that encourage the grand coalition in convex games always
produce allocations in the core, but the converse is not necessarily true.
| math.OC | a solution function for convex transferable utility games encourages the grand coalition if no player prefers in a precise sense defined in the text any coalition to the grand coalition we show that the shapley value encourages the grand coalition in all convex games and the tauvalue encourages the grand coalitions in convex games up to three but not more than three players solution functions that encourage the grand coalition in convex games always produce allocations in the core but the converse is not necessarily true | [['a', 'solution', 'function', 'for', 'convex', 'transferable', 'utility', 'games', 'encourages', 'the', 'grand', 'coalition', 'if', 'no', 'player', 'prefers', 'in', 'a', 'precise', 'sense', 'defined', 'in', 'the', 'text', 'any', 'coalition', 'to', 'the', 'grand', 'coalition', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'shapley', 'value', 'encourages', 'the', 'grand', 'coalition', 'in', 'all', 'convex', 'games', 'and', 'the', 'tauvalue', 'encourages', 'the', 'grand', 'coalitions', 'in', 'convex', 'games', 'up', 'to', 'three', 'but', 'not', 'more', 'than', 'three', 'players', 'solution', 'functions', 'that', 'encourage', 'the', 'grand', 'coalition', 'in', 'convex', 'games', 'always', 'produce', 'allocations', 'in', 'the', 'core', 'but', 'the', 'converse', 'is', 'not', 'necessarily', 'true']] | [-0.06825448641266543, 0.03181733712445685, -0.13249206249493845, 0.18875160947209224, -0.0798344993259931, -0.188253496546125, 0.12910664580805703, 0.42495440761017245, -0.28000789100499174, -0.22851934677076546, 0.03721139214792137, -0.23834577070679083, -0.17843722382040564, -0.0076981847347734975, -0.18156173288129096, -0.008417764045081513, 0.03364522905707587, 0.09171174502076018, 0.0007094815481714038, -0.327888828832223, 0.3426202919150075, -0.031689726105934485, 0.18327927422644788, 0.05125155910676302, 0.07798046786554677, -0.02499861067680772, 0.06942157111087338, 0.0653421354945749, -0.12893439016963468, 0.10037962256302667, 0.35392455348093876, 0.2887875480187494, 0.49345645446027087, -0.42228368685992307, -0.072854450059145, 0.25549241193288635, 0.08126223500991284, 0.021343571393815583, -0.04290142660330423, -0.19995797884672187, 0.1052054561577131, -0.2135073141828396, -0.053148574499023514, -0.04451875342056155, -0.046588866576162534, 0.009284048666094625, -0.3970037507932893, -0.015367645532066045, 0.03805090562808652, 0.002652623874763417, -0.16064520853268371, -0.17649610208477393, -0.004725584213426987, 0.09852481119572944, 0.02875687082996592, 0.10347372771045843, 0.18885236550772258, -0.19215850064227746, -0.1927993806135884, 0.45500072523908214, 0.011964214924245065, -0.19314485820833333, 0.11627901693112976, -0.19739037061240092, -0.130198581337788, 0.08412437767959959, 0.06095431950809651, 0.15907324813739504, -0.13738417504138725, 0.058328456845037034, -0.1644828024666843, 0.18875619117170572, 0.07299182216533957, 0.018116582113285658, 0.21830502568289292, 0.11619353658238123, 0.2929121561261804, 0.07680756124927728, 0.09905345026446982, -0.2803304076010665, -0.26335565204363925, -0.09622057912827925, -0.18754734086051453, -0.06291548182699169, -0.08715538539755197, -0.16219537539494244, 0.39660636067043903, 0.0723488685501696, 0.08410180100174837, 0.2256652807037151, 0.22126169342461022, 0.01700244251053867, 0.1328778988140267, 0.09814138901095058, 0.23797522632535115, -0.03330128701934374, 0.0798064166596051, -0.19579390217658393, 0.1225026691614022, 0.05149708362973057] |
711.2335 | Melosh rotation: source of the proton's missing spin | It is shown that the observed small value of the integrated spin structure
function for protons could be naturally understood within the naive quark model
by considering the effect from Melosh rotation. The key to this problem lies in
the fact that the deep inelastic process probes the light-cone quarks rather
than the instant-form quarks, and that the spin of the proton is the sum of the
Melosh rotated light-cone spin of the individual quarks rather than simply the
sum of the light-cone spin of the quarks directly.
| hep-ph | it is shown that the observed small value of the integrated spin structure function for protons could be naturally understood within the naive quark model by considering the effect from melosh rotation the key to this problem lies in the fact that the deep inelastic process probes the lightcone quarks rather than the instantform quarks and that the spin of the proton is the sum of the melosh rotated lightcone spin of the individual quarks rather than simply the sum of the lightcone spin of the quarks directly | [['it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'observed', 'small', 'value', 'of', 'the', 'integrated', 'spin', 'structure', 'function', 'for', 'protons', 'could', 'be', 'naturally', 'understood', 'within', 'the', 'naive', 'quark', 'model', 'by', 'considering', 'the', 'effect', 'from', 'melosh', 'rotation', 'the', 'key', 'to', 'this', 'problem', 'lies', 'in', 'the', 'fact', 'that', 'the', 'deep', 'inelastic', 'process', 'probes', 'the', 'lightcone', 'quarks', 'rather', 'than', 'the', 'instantform', 'quarks', 'and', 'that', 'the', 'spin', 'of', 'the', 'proton', 'is', 'the', 'sum', 'of', 'the', 'melosh', 'rotated', 'lightcone', 'spin', 'of', 'the', 'individual', 'quarks', 'rather', 'than', 'simply', 'the', 'sum', 'of', 'the', 'lightcone', 'spin', 'of', 'the', 'quarks', 'directly']] | [-0.060998998475208115, 0.24843670787628402, -0.1060323805114339, 0.12046495683181423, -0.061035887549885294, -0.02866696677665459, 0.057742403412703425, 0.33801660685937596, -0.2727808775009841, -0.21931631134992297, -0.00870500271213876, -0.27488958126526664, -0.03614966190335425, 0.12500903977343114, 0.04102634639341638, 0.020456561522389, 0.03643651855765546, 0.04507402788890018, -0.09986391039406457, -0.23583305518365127, 0.3410764487873001, 0.007569471921504539, 0.2742405425418507, 0.0897717034121425, 0.11515328269028528, 0.06876155001703989, -0.007625662753443149, -0.03146305411064532, -0.015491685181752307, 0.08881363020654218, 0.16436508328280813, 0.07211525175212459, 0.14846919344431211, -0.4106598127083006, -0.1791755054648754, 0.08263015405761755, 0.17104798961504872, 0.10860909382675098, 0.04743427370770157, -0.2676057194886115, 0.06006149505000477, -0.18966447811478496, -0.1611958199593408, -0.03838270030047914, -0.023655504109972917, -0.03814165205139117, -0.2590036422989215, 0.11027421678458764, 0.05895258380703374, -0.02556807198925526, -0.005131557758431882, -0.1992620538962497, -0.09397111060521142, 0.055782495661829176, 0.12171009924118566, 0.13274893519039985, 0.15768305034461347, -0.1824724639167967, -0.12632123589388689, 0.414591800506142, -0.041696620921522314, -0.2203164120120081, 0.08662190623793074, -0.22202470833541488, -0.0589300969731994, 0.11262835389722815, 0.13401664253400336, 0.1339211167016236, -0.20342790448723297, 0.046886451838045934, -0.08756246556400914, 0.13747748683884062, 0.05771036908911562, 0.04523676154547667, 0.2720061811110513, 0.20074628936973485, -0.0006432024423371662, 0.07537399711674714, -0.09988949526715177, -0.12701264658773487, -0.3102780047126792, -0.09602165648142215, -0.2031348233471032, 0.0972640544668221, -0.12628000589938893, -0.10151671667269759, 0.4081091321965108, 0.1219126451337202, 0.20745835068042984, 0.015191323364640331, 0.34059969473376195, 0.14322427843316374, 0.15787402882812207, 0.066285498958843, 0.3114546281444332, 0.16143219647611576, 0.0912551631940501, -0.2864657672974069, 0.0480586686806584, 0.04805395683929832] |
711.2336 | Magnetic Field versus Temperature Phase Diagram of the Spin-1/2
Alternating Chain Compound F5PNN | We have measured the specific heat of the S = 1/2 alternating Heisenberg
antiferromagnetic chain compound pentafluorophenyl nitronyl nitroxide in
magnetic fields using a single crystal and powder. A sharp peak due to
field-induced magnetic ordering (FIMO) is observed in both samples. The H-T
phase boundary of the FIMO of the single crystal is symmetric with respect to
the central field of the gapless field region HC1 < H < HC2, whereas it is
distorted for the powder whose ordering temperatures are lower. An analysis
employing calculations based on the finite temperature density matrix
renormalization group indicates the possibility of novel incommensurate
ordering due to frustration in the powder around the central field.
| cond-mat.str-el | we have measured the specific heat of the s 12 alternating heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain compound pentafluorophenyl nitronyl nitroxide in magnetic fields using a single crystal and powder a sharp peak due to fieldinduced magnetic ordering fimo is observed in both samples the ht phase boundary of the fimo of the single crystal is symmetric with respect to the central field of the gapless field region hc1 h hc2 whereas it is distorted for the powder whose ordering temperatures are lower an analysis employing calculations based on the finite temperature density matrix renormalization group indicates the possibility of novel incommensurate ordering due to frustration in the powder around the central field | [['we', 'have', 'measured', 'the', 'specific', 'heat', 'of', 'the', 's', '12', 'alternating', 'heisenberg', 'antiferromagnetic', 'chain', 'compound', 'pentafluorophenyl', 'nitronyl', 'nitroxide', 'in', 'magnetic', 'fields', 'using', 'a', 'single', 'crystal', 'and', 'powder', 'a', 'sharp', 'peak', 'due', 'to', 'fieldinduced', 'magnetic', 'ordering', 'fimo', 'is', 'observed', 'in', 'both', 'samples', 'the', 'ht', 'phase', 'boundary', 'of', 'the', 'fimo', 'of', 'the', 'single', 'crystal', 'is', 'symmetric', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'the', 'central', 'field', 'of', 'the', 'gapless', 'field', 'region', 'hc1', 'h', 'hc2', 'whereas', 'it', 'is', 'distorted', 'for', 'the', 'powder', 'whose', 'ordering', 'temperatures', 'are', 'lower', 'an', 'analysis', 'employing', 'calculations', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'finite', 'temperature', 'density', 'matrix', 'renormalization', 'group', 'indicates', 'the', 'possibility', 'of', 'novel', 'incommensurate', 'ordering', 'due', 'to', 'frustration', 'in', 'the', 'powder', 'around', 'the', 'central', 'field']] | [-0.17116905589779474, 0.2567697373121187, -0.04242484406437551, -0.018083433543384146, -0.07970142423688809, -0.09087469281245754, 0.10056387123577819, 0.4122987425424785, -0.25478181109772385, -0.2807301622668551, 0.05135966437786087, -0.32420334387048383, -0.029143965864014403, 0.13542786441856525, 0.0798663200925335, 0.007627658554674866, -0.07178214722460954, 0.09994741478036201, -0.14905488622052787, -0.1812566422169732, 0.28200678858975664, 0.04386182105882424, 0.3503661904588481, 0.05002903332716185, 0.037332729632296016, 0.02643286323862446, 0.11163660825587043, 0.048944817942993664, -0.15295820694012027, 0.029922617980165878, 0.23060454991123874, -0.10046587493183597, 0.15541864654797816, -0.38568474543846654, -0.2066158567191859, 0.04370534624556236, 0.12168006954505761, 0.08916310280143658, -0.08840233611191023, -0.2760601238843715, 0.08612084604590853, -0.10472711250098928, -0.1115797218049563, -0.07907806865862249, -0.06496740234080076, -0.008463569786225525, -0.26061424468513406, 0.1460699938579297, 0.07853613191210256, 0.16588923163328778, -0.11251259357973098, -0.1534416662185305, -0.06055636280956112, 0.024995503638148585, 0.05789769652612925, 0.1300984576364074, 0.14371233084891863, -0.10341009390583941, -0.09179137069209714, 0.33742533234235284, -0.0403515661796816, -0.05991818625305858, 0.12772450284927944, -0.23703499696278404, -0.11323689575803196, 0.23679813800518898, 0.0798882279342702, 0.1145129292837788, -0.13455527478602725, 0.10304867369982318, -0.029638514538495756, 0.19189339747682876, 0.037961592475631245, -0.02041145136458016, 0.22216230649370525, 0.16267007351613594, 0.04519797966241071, 0.19746867168115922, -0.16521635646801267, -0.08370179481908818, -0.22062537986262937, -0.17251931371985474, -0.21784112134199834, 0.044139829295617744, -0.13965915643953322, -0.2243632761256717, 0.35804011676216796, 0.1224111271183098, 0.179470161021748, -0.08796004906827672, 0.19520477252516233, 0.12287955482329338, 0.08607914223918849, 0.059461136174466564, 0.19407472912130755, 0.2749519251770053, 0.11850907016876285, -0.2952488754336313, 0.07062544407340411, 0.03472552211301305] |
711.2337 | Revealing Substructure in the Galactic Halo - The SEKBO RR Lyrae Survey | We present a search for RR Lyrae variable stars from archival observations of
the Southern Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt Object survey. The survey covers 1675 square
degrees along the ecliptic to a mean depth of V=19.5, i.e. a heliocentric
distance of ~50kpc for RR Lyrae stars. The survey reveals 2016 RR Lyrae
candidates. Follow-up photometric monitoring of a subset of these candidates
shows (24+/-12)% contamination by non-RR Lyrae variables. We derive a map of
over-density of RR Lyraes in the halo that reveals a series of structures
coincident with the leading and trailing arms of debris from the Sagittarius
dwarf galaxy. One of the regions of over-density is found on the trailing arm,
200 deg. from the main body of the Sagittarius dwarf at a distance of ~45kpc.
This distant detection of the stellar population of the outer trailing arm of
Sagittarius offers a tight constraint on the motion of the dwarf galaxy. A
distinctly separate region of over-density is seen towards the Virgo Over
Density.
| astro-ph | we present a search for rr lyrae variable stars from archival observations of the southern edgeworthkuiper belt object survey the survey covers 1675 square degrees along the ecliptic to a mean depth of v195 ie a heliocentric distance of 50kpc for rr lyrae stars the survey reveals 2016 rr lyrae candidates followup photometric monitoring of a subset of these candidates shows 2412 contamination by nonrr lyrae variables we derive a map of overdensity of rr lyraes in the halo that reveals a series of structures coincident with the leading and trailing arms of debris from the sagittarius dwarf galaxy one of the regions of overdensity is found on the trailing arm 200 deg from the main body of the sagittarius dwarf at a distance of 45kpc this distant detection of the stellar population of the outer trailing arm of sagittarius offers a tight constraint on the motion of the dwarf galaxy a distinctly separate region of overdensity is seen towards the virgo over density | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'search', 'for', 'rr', 'lyrae', 'variable', 'stars', 'from', 'archival', 'observations', 'of', 'the', 'southern', 'edgeworthkuiper', 'belt', 'object', 'survey', 'the', 'survey', 'covers', '1675', 'square', 'degrees', 'along', 'the', 'ecliptic', 'to', 'a', 'mean', 'depth', 'of', 'v195', 'ie', 'a', 'heliocentric', 'distance', 'of', '50kpc', 'for', 'rr', 'lyrae', 'stars', 'the', 'survey', 'reveals', '2016', 'rr', 'lyrae', 'candidates', 'followup', 'photometric', 'monitoring', 'of', 'a', 'subset', 'of', 'these', 'candidates', 'shows', '2412', 'contamination', 'by', 'nonrr', 'lyrae', 'variables', 'we', 'derive', 'a', 'map', 'of', 'overdensity', 'of', 'rr', 'lyraes', 'in', 'the', 'halo', 'that', 'reveals', 'a', 'series', 'of', 'structures', 'coincident', 'with', 'the', 'leading', 'and', 'trailing', 'arms', 'of', 'debris', 'from', 'the', 'sagittarius', 'dwarf', 'galaxy', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'regions', 'of', 'overdensity', 'is', 'found', 'on', 'the', 'trailing', 'arm', '200', 'deg', 'from', 'the', 'main', 'body', 'of', 'the', 'sagittarius', 'dwarf', 'at', 'a', 'distance', 'of', '45kpc', 'this', 'distant', 'detection', 'of', 'the', 'stellar', 'population', 'of', 'the', 'outer', 'trailing', 'arm', 'of', 'sagittarius', 'offers', 'a', 'tight', 'constraint', 'on', 'the', 'motion', 'of', 'the', 'dwarf', 'galaxy', 'a', 'distinctly', 'separate', 'region', 'of', 'overdensity', 'is', 'seen', 'towards', 'the', 'virgo', 'over', 'density']] | [-0.1362657481975899, 0.007597113676130646, -0.14649509916801942, 0.03282033106843524, -0.16540603435661164, 0.001591896315453791, 0.10398253295542044, 0.3506116063614016, -0.15307606360303708, -0.34838033126998535, 0.0006427063151017014, -0.3318835470048379, -0.05762413294380245, 0.2012710228813755, -0.08053095777679252, -0.07292004141662316, 0.09231088358474655, -0.03836503768328326, 0.00079370273614268, -0.2864714339032678, 0.22870302829388645, 0.012150055264619871, 0.07575294604536398, -0.18439981284154225, 0.10134577853433742, -0.08352462567411865, -0.14155020250830275, -0.05906850004003046, -0.15909999379399126, 0.055499242927216315, 0.229045184409143, 0.1381110674358813, 0.23883857283215582, -0.28965889146134394, -0.1730686038149738, 0.015795132142428787, 0.2426401199126599, 0.01392456179876109, -0.05455110161679517, -0.3628433417197477, 0.06128471578968449, -0.1405707496565152, -0.2529710994239188, 0.16427863452389288, 0.11949258788768774, 0.08968106313162923, -0.20099999590496892, 0.16340707951408176, 0.004781369529835926, 0.15920549531844358, -0.11673529903787228, -0.16568105416143872, -0.045893130692556225, 0.0640629779624587, 0.02898526587380679, 0.14834432991684351, 0.18022159256178177, -0.13633914802229158, -0.025286950348116503, 0.37966374045186474, -0.07819570338873455, 0.04585286775215363, 0.18507921095206145, -0.22375646884056047, -0.18199525630684352, 0.09568028749278147, 0.17182703451053497, 0.14590508372635735, -0.19161316331624528, 0.038610320623629825, -0.05953112511504213, 0.19998430532540418, 0.09285669473851202, 0.0886503696740545, 0.3702321186021793, 0.111088062757969, 0.14172549261083037, 0.1348614146889393, -0.39513998159544506, -0.06533181001403672, -0.28530056829467143, -0.0808085952414074, -0.098878708772327, 0.025193521118739997, -0.1596491705665352, -0.15304403798368993, 0.38222655799651256, 0.06348004915174439, 0.20537460341541086, 0.033273905178566286, 0.2981132547245389, -0.00487480482137962, 0.16375336099267462, 0.14004944062054706, 0.32585200678808557, 0.18901535483117163, 0.031988052833408255, -0.22887445754368727, 0.0659001693529494, -0.0065427930465688] |
711.2338 | On the hierarchy of partially invariant submodels of differential
equations | It is noticed, that partially invariant solution (PIS) of differential
equations in many cases can be represented as an invariant reduction of some
PIS of the higher rank. This introduce a hierarchic structure in the set of all
PISs of a given system of differential equations. By using this structure one
can significantly decrease an amount of calculations required in enumeration of
all PISs for a given system of partially differential equations. An equivalence
of the two-step and the direct ways of construction of PISs is proved. In this
framework the complete classification of regular partially invariant solutions
of ideal MHD equations is given.
| math-ph math.MP | it is noticed that partially invariant solution pis of differential equations in many cases can be represented as an invariant reduction of some pis of the higher rank this introduce a hierarchic structure in the set of all piss of a given system of differential equations by using this structure one can significantly decrease an amount of calculations required in enumeration of all piss for a given system of partially differential equations an equivalence of the twostep and the direct ways of construction of piss is proved in this framework the complete classification of regular partially invariant solutions of ideal mhd equations is given | [['it', 'is', 'noticed', 'that', 'partially', 'invariant', 'solution', 'pis', 'of', 'differential', 'equations', 'in', 'many', 'cases', 'can', 'be', 'represented', 'as', 'an', 'invariant', 'reduction', 'of', 'some', 'pis', 'of', 'the', 'higher', 'rank', 'this', 'introduce', 'a', 'hierarchic', 'structure', 'in', 'the', 'set', 'of', 'all', 'piss', 'of', 'a', 'given', 'system', 'of', 'differential', 'equations', 'by', 'using', 'this', 'structure', 'one', 'can', 'significantly', 'decrease', 'an', 'amount', 'of', 'calculations', 'required', 'in', 'enumeration', 'of', 'all', 'piss', 'for', 'a', 'given', 'system', 'of', 'partially', 'differential', 'equations', 'an', 'equivalence', 'of', 'the', 'twostep', 'and', 'the', 'direct', 'ways', 'of', 'construction', 'of', 'piss', 'is', 'proved', 'in', 'this', 'framework', 'the', 'complete', 'classification', 'of', 'regular', 'partially', 'invariant', 'solutions', 'of', 'ideal', 'mhd', 'equations', 'is', 'given']] | [-0.1746611584049578, 0.07061035494930715, -0.06665996738816969, 0.03411497126440876, -0.03453547595731484, -0.08024082360162328, -0.024903555149928883, 0.2637346091751869, -0.30662113851240763, -0.2999905563998394, 0.10105784059963369, -0.2557187841918606, -0.15025021513709083, 0.18083351063139091, -0.07399955997243524, 0.07348299538940549, 0.062202194530982524, 0.05867578868772118, -0.09829174924659757, -0.2857534884130403, 0.3661998595075252, 0.013111397355365066, 0.2275647155385321, -0.01125551543261211, 0.15204393600848, -0.01497042983940516, -0.041191756955903165, 0.06968614654157626, -0.09751102944217284, 0.12439678883171067, 0.27853865232632063, 0.14480121590447828, 0.2323835608549416, -0.3818070821893903, -0.17443181357381177, 0.07309137708328378, 0.1369012770234034, 0.12167449610513778, -0.028592531432737954, -0.2696092520177794, 0.1322636772573997, -0.21195543815310186, -0.15587051814341416, -0.09225778146915567, 0.027268572469788175, -1.958864539539298e-05, -0.2515133603066296, 0.03725241049407767, 0.10829178301187661, 0.0675611092743006, -0.08471769735646936, -0.06709624854444812, -0.040298239048122644, 0.09539831760160339, 0.010202314597196303, -0.00022010462886940403, 0.038587671641905144, -0.13736039117345802, -0.1275836949935183, 0.3998469891778838, -0.06295153121195304, -0.280249598946494, 0.14979104354726866, -0.1348371951831863, -0.15355848452040496, 0.17463364884203586, 0.14139330023989224, 0.17185793197831328, -0.18205637387291063, 0.09451824345104307, -0.11585430837630366, 0.15536217567009422, 0.06427812435700056, -0.0314563206764153, 0.1386747139488132, 0.1435399069898547, 0.10544223069099154, 0.138329701335841, 0.02594725729431957, -0.07215582371617739, -0.324366707412432, -0.195340376349822, -0.12064623442039682, 0.07742893584788992, -0.07582799612184597, -0.1953616657634624, 0.3900555858675104, 0.08828099960317978, 0.19437449886642683, 0.025504556954659235, 0.2547029105659861, 0.1870657816091877, 0.04620965884085028, 0.051161502447659865, 0.1712793876932455, 0.1566226266620036, 0.04360172491019162, -0.1723857659783859, 0.06681084903763033, 0.11316723946947604] |
711.2339 | Bulk electronic structure of the antiferromagnetic superconducting phase
in ErNi2B2C | We have performed temperature (T) - dependent laser-photoemission
spectroscopy of antiferromagnetic (AF) superconductor ErNi2B2C to study the
electronic-structure evolution reflecting the interplay between
antiferromagnetism and superconductivity. The spectra at the superconducting
(SC) phase show a very broad spectral shape. T-dependent SC gap shows a sudden
deviation from the BCS prediction just below TN. This observation can be well
explained by the theoretical model and thus represents characteristic bulk
electronic structure of the AF SC phase for the first time.
| cond-mat.supr-con | we have performed temperature t dependent laserphotoemission spectroscopy of antiferromagnetic af superconductor erni2b2c to study the electronicstructure evolution reflecting the interplay between antiferromagnetism and superconductivity the spectra at the superconducting sc phase show a very broad spectral shape tdependent sc gap shows a sudden deviation from the bcs prediction just below tn this observation can be well explained by the theoretical model and thus represents characteristic bulk electronic structure of the af sc phase for the first time | [['we', 'have', 'performed', 'temperature', 't', 'dependent', 'laserphotoemission', 'spectroscopy', 'of', 'antiferromagnetic', 'af', 'superconductor', 'erni2b2c', 'to', 'study', 'the', 'electronicstructure', 'evolution', 'reflecting', 'the', 'interplay', 'between', 'antiferromagnetism', 'and', 'superconductivity', 'the', 'spectra', 'at', 'the', 'superconducting', 'sc', 'phase', 'show', 'a', 'very', 'broad', 'spectral', 'shape', 'tdependent', 'sc', 'gap', 'shows', 'a', 'sudden', 'deviation', 'from', 'the', 'bcs', 'prediction', 'just', 'below', 'tn', 'this', 'observation', 'can', 'be', 'well', 'explained', 'by', 'the', 'theoretical', 'model', 'and', 'thus', 'represents', 'characteristic', 'bulk', 'electronic', 'structure', 'of', 'the', 'af', 'sc', 'phase', 'for', 'the', 'first', 'time']] | [-0.19310690444446615, 0.17931297260137008, -0.09041915814295508, 0.06934802709358999, -0.038114457403297546, -0.16838128498283686, 0.1333396831140309, 0.3886820034595666, -0.28318131526375745, -0.3050868510716147, -0.000950668454654031, -0.3105634339758522, -0.09265444864664081, 0.13489201898057643, 0.08886136501942846, -0.037399112101789415, -0.04567638903178952, -0.002381411725776149, -0.22008144417656705, -0.16370371105330814, 0.3127171365595604, 0.04121179898063858, 0.3123758738110592, 0.08478447870357422, -0.026228267493863384, -0.016536508735220928, 0.09911585734649138, 0.04736899772610564, -0.15202055173599488, -0.015124686606615395, 0.31267388564135346, -0.05645578966760258, 0.17247750201601197, -0.37506151917789665, -0.2607432755508593, 0.0027855094159384827, 0.11210452720474501, 0.12039267459835906, -0.020529453993424193, -0.29073058787201134, 0.05265311259389311, -0.1405011344574053, -0.0941133683059038, -0.0808718858238358, -0.059859643998713075, -0.03327389574585507, -0.23052785174645993, 0.1215782501226799, 0.07537023172949671, 0.13796794168989768, -0.09688451002025372, -0.12456670605468673, -0.06513986380637757, 0.04469319376051305, 0.02092219971259451, 0.08841299558929228, 0.07786168123280944, -0.07541201261549511, -0.08200398075406427, 0.3131213208370201, -0.0926311028661666, 0.056033678957587714, 0.13811967086482357, -0.19111025652110383, -0.05000183337622068, 0.19061442352105656, 0.06717028271697172, 0.049624624027108606, -0.11088628727752207, 0.08746508213346703, 0.030692795303638106, 0.21602349705365184, -0.02817514737124567, 0.07661119908965253, 0.2541040475434902, 0.2553962008156753, 0.00207815834853266, 0.12541438730633153, -0.135685514276182, -0.07017911970917765, -0.26528695673234276, -0.13574351860564082, -0.23479672593016226, 0.030985062890504667, -0.08176414331068986, -0.1778291217958579, 0.417830960498518, 0.13475002284923737, 0.22534833098580312, -0.05054071529272508, 0.19735521422820046, 0.09400891555569969, 0.04097297965766644, 0.06128111567844141, 0.24500538921588427, 0.1802165287685907, 0.17938319856433996, -0.36723669713617046, 0.10488299020662807, 0.01219305389427713] |
711.234 | Edge-functionalized and substitutional doped graphene nanoribbons:
electronic and spin properties | Graphene nanoribbons are the counterpart of carbon nanotubes in
graphene-based nanoelectronics. We investigate the electronic properties of
chemically modified ribbons by means of density functional theory. We observe
that chemical modifications of zigzag ribbons can break the spin degeneracy.
This promotes the onset of a semiconducting-metal transition, or of an
half-semiconducting state, with the two spin channels having a different
bandgap, or of a spin-polarized half-semiconducting state -where the spins in
the valence and conduction bands are oppositely polarized. Edge
functionalization of armchair ribbons gives electronic states a few eV away
from the Fermi level, and does not significantly affect their bandgap. N and B
produce different effects, depending on the position of the substitutional
site. In particular, edge substitutions at low density do not significantly
alter the bandgap, while bulk substitution promotes the onset of
semiconducting-metal transitions. Pyridine-like defects induce a
semiconducting-metal transition.
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci | graphene nanoribbons are the counterpart of carbon nanotubes in graphenebased nanoelectronics we investigate the electronic properties of chemically modified ribbons by means of density functional theory we observe that chemical modifications of zigzag ribbons can break the spin degeneracy this promotes the onset of a semiconductingmetal transition or of an halfsemiconducting state with the two spin channels having a different bandgap or of a spinpolarized halfsemiconducting state where the spins in the valence and conduction bands are oppositely polarized edge functionalization of armchair ribbons gives electronic states a few ev away from the fermi level and does not significantly affect their bandgap n and b produce different effects depending on the position of the substitutional site in particular edge substitutions at low density do not significantly alter the bandgap while bulk substitution promotes the onset of semiconductingmetal transitions pyridinelike defects induce a semiconductingmetal transition | [['graphene', 'nanoribbons', 'are', 'the', 'counterpart', 'of', 'carbon', 'nanotubes', 'in', 'graphenebased', 'nanoelectronics', 'we', 'investigate', 'the', 'electronic', 'properties', 'of', 'chemically', 'modified', 'ribbons', 'by', 'means', 'of', 'density', 'functional', 'theory', 'we', 'observe', 'that', 'chemical', 'modifications', 'of', 'zigzag', 'ribbons', 'can', 'break', 'the', 'spin', 'degeneracy', 'this', 'promotes', 'the', 'onset', 'of', 'a', 'semiconductingmetal', 'transition', 'or', 'of', 'an', 'halfsemiconducting', 'state', 'with', 'the', 'two', 'spin', 'channels', 'having', 'a', 'different', 'bandgap', 'or', 'of', 'a', 'spinpolarized', 'halfsemiconducting', 'state', 'where', 'the', 'spins', 'in', 'the', 'valence', 'and', 'conduction', 'bands', 'are', 'oppositely', 'polarized', 'edge', 'functionalization', 'of', 'armchair', 'ribbons', 'gives', 'electronic', 'states', 'a', 'few', 'ev', 'away', 'from', 'the', 'fermi', 'level', 'and', 'does', 'not', 'significantly', 'affect', 'their', 'bandgap', 'n', 'and', 'b', 'produce', 'different', 'effects', 'depending', 'on', 'the', 'position', 'of', 'the', 'substitutional', 'site', 'in', 'particular', 'edge', 'substitutions', 'at', 'low', 'density', 'do', 'not', 'significantly', 'alter', 'the', 'bandgap', 'while', 'bulk', 'substitution', 'promotes', 'the', 'onset', 'of', 'semiconductingmetal', 'transitions', 'pyridinelike', 'defects', 'induce', 'a', 'semiconductingmetal', 'transition']] | [-0.17518151654065817, 0.23743012957826246, -0.013597184151056891, -0.0023890513849680797, -0.004298004478750698, -0.16809870283329256, 0.1347786300909102, 0.45791186720237764, -0.27452850009931223, -0.2949010920645276, -0.02701635520600281, -0.3281194111988158, -0.10618565063333323, 0.07540053755297443, 0.046360456171563605, -0.043130232749218254, 0.054290727956522206, -0.05775222267535791, -0.1282569640693189, -0.15689615525377415, 0.2720848630168303, 0.031363879291104596, 0.318041125640378, 0.13027706405174144, -0.03955842397818473, 0.0026644541862302683, 0.12369946265284916, 0.024344345207103123, -0.14029415580561888, 0.07230031671302564, 0.2139563374319704, -0.11933405961493739, 0.20757678420033673, -0.5067855491775127, -0.21617776625724117, 0.012231871393889608, 0.13062259036240917, 0.18058711150497145, -0.03598732339557667, -0.2681331085090355, 0.06246431576785743, -0.12974912970339958, -0.1086384651667609, -0.0366816486659932, -0.03656867994192305, 0.011308082985662212, -0.1837493301939849, 0.11782286810675557, 0.06548444655868159, 0.03322522061824484, -0.09927136079132767, -0.1623611877291975, -0.18270749142590229, 0.08291617174252448, 0.014262256061684497, -0.0052716258302917965, 0.2488093964794887, -0.1483240832540233, -0.12082142884921755, 0.4004430769693474, -0.043910512507197935, -0.08275007841203519, 0.1920475719142443, -0.18218086409697334, -0.0962301681021517, 0.18932644317654604, 0.0869939924663746, 0.10981090590488952, -0.08657200165211, 0.07917860764940433, 0.028151406314630638, 0.15318350912019296, 0.09008983062567111, 0.11720731233994305, 0.2912663142000076, 0.13843100310572173, 0.10763942934474317, 0.11539380577340408, -0.12657523168739535, 0.0030481598608877876, -0.19319345832320298, -0.20579677444725283, -0.19276483896070382, 0.08276180102349288, -0.04817702141018588, -0.2414610790231525, 0.45724727758403183, 0.10127242992658325, 0.17432867729065704, -0.05265794240567886, 0.14933783594440198, 0.10616658660779957, 0.08192886688958027, 0.022564845766321246, 0.23997019087030014, 0.1484657506799509, 0.06924438613473477, -0.2729716066641628, 0.08305138009469169, -0.01093849114922833] |
711.2341 | Conservation laws for a general Lorentz connection | We derive conservation laws for energy-momentum (canonical and dynamical) and
angular momentum for a general Lorentz connection.
| gr-qc math-ph math.MP | we derive conservation laws for energymomentum canonical and dynamical and angular momentum for a general lorentz connection | [['we', 'derive', 'conservation', 'laws', 'for', 'energymomentum', 'canonical', 'and', 'dynamical', 'and', 'angular', 'momentum', 'for', 'a', 'general', 'lorentz', 'connection']] | [-0.19745395014829495, 0.17801375517292933, -0.14337646577726393, 0.1795277814654743, -0.1842210519620601, -0.12043266388012425, -0.024107634144670823, 0.2695976092534907, -0.20405342576422675, -0.29964504686786847, -0.05442948313429952, -0.1872188085142304, -0.08937196543111521, 0.12389068339732201, 0.0033828415086164195, 0.11058495631989311, -0.05389650538563728, -0.04706868803238168, -0.2229077898185043, -0.004488600527538973, 0.4445689636118272, 0.07773397890303065, 0.27975619102225585, 0.04568024322061854, 0.31053026721758004, 0.05634661237983143, -0.1131577955230194, 0.06027471386444043, -0.1855724839055363, 0.03184590203797116, 0.14143687848220854, 0.07101101154351935, 0.11762988364652675, -0.41001662305172754, -0.16601748643990824, 0.09335859218502746, 0.06048044250757598, 0.09729648797827609, -0.10266919357373434, -0.15749444804318688, -0.028727193706264885, -0.23575386843260596, -0.24569330934215994, -0.2313415346776738, 0.14927548170089722, 0.02482148796758231, -0.28979249512228894, 0.2382439163458698, 0.09034795283086543, 0.051637593245900726, -0.15191091520383077, -0.03981085526346065, -0.0877804108621443, 0.042973963461597174, 0.0756775985526688, -0.03762028322500341, 0.10164389992132783, -0.1247769017046427, -0.061256867997786575, 0.4498811124221367, 0.02988116884850623, -0.3583492746247965, 0.11640621206777937, -0.15000266954302788, -0.2044103621121715, 0.0034221097388688255, 0.1791972224600613, 0.08587240668780663, -0.24699161366066513, 0.09520983026938185, -0.06214345158899531, 0.008035661104847403, 0.0830310050617246, 0.11769734294605716, 0.275343109798782, -0.03208545463926652, 0.08430527786121648, 0.03583779772195746, -0.040894401862340814, -0.21708500385284424, -0.41754775165634994, -0.2883021630456342, -0.16571511284393423, 0.24277563305462108, -0.17842433305614738, -0.005024635616470785, 0.34544269565273733, 0.03632498737972449, 0.14392600734444225, 0.20079263962586136, 0.2980536727563423, 0.2319573270266547, 0.06048151763046489, 0.16304372261990518, 0.3155844378120759, 0.3011982270023402, 0.19117657922427445, -0.2723631917992059, -0.14505635295063257, 0.16952676063074784] |
711.2342 | Adjoint ideals along closed subvarieties of higher codimension | In this paper, we introduce a notion of adjoint ideal sheaves along closed
subvarieties of higher codimension and study its local properties using
characteristic $p$ methods. When $X$ is a normal Gorenstein closed subvariety
of a smooth complex variety $A$, we formulate a restriction property of the
adjoint ideal sheaf $\adj_X(A)$ of $A$ along $X$ involving the l.c.i. ideal
sheaf $\mathcal{D}_X$ of $X$. The proof relies on a modification of generalized
test ideals of Hara and Yoshida.
| math.AG math.AC | in this paper we introduce a notion of adjoint ideal sheaves along closed subvarieties of higher codimension and study its local properties using characteristic p methods when x is a normal gorenstein closed subvariety of a smooth complex variety a we formulate a restriction property of the adjoint ideal sheaf adj_xa of a along x involving the lci ideal sheaf mathcald_x of x the proof relies on a modification of generalized test ideals of hara and yoshida | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'introduce', 'a', 'notion', 'of', 'adjoint', 'ideal', 'sheaves', 'along', 'closed', 'subvarieties', 'of', 'higher', 'codimension', 'and', 'study', 'its', 'local', 'properties', 'using', 'characteristic', 'p', 'methods', 'when', 'x', 'is', 'a', 'normal', 'gorenstein', 'closed', 'subvariety', 'of', 'a', 'smooth', 'complex', 'variety', 'a', 'we', 'formulate', 'a', 'restriction', 'property', 'of', 'the', 'adjoint', 'ideal', 'sheaf', 'adj_xa', 'of', 'a', 'along', 'x', 'involving', 'the', 'lci', 'ideal', 'sheaf', 'mathcald_x', 'of', 'x', 'the', 'proof', 'relies', 'on', 'a', 'modification', 'of', 'generalized', 'test', 'ideals', 'of', 'hara', 'and', 'yoshida']] | [-0.2134688735753298, -0.013827827622493108, -0.12585213297978043, 0.047663295629123845, -0.10813633787135284, -0.15345568902790546, -0.007581789920416971, 0.3013245132813851, -0.3637380526463191, -0.10048500309387842, 0.06780280575621873, -0.18245809938758611, -0.11414409713198741, 0.19097873849173386, -0.17322424929589034, -0.012273373008550454, 0.04395196261505286, 0.09470464120308558, -0.14618800051510333, -0.2789791454716275, 0.4606431832909584, -0.06440264498970161, 0.2684757333155721, 0.049120287150144576, 0.18430327899754048, 0.027729467706133923, 0.010040621124207973, 0.023484887902935347, -0.16369300625597438, 0.19512130722403526, 0.27872692335086563, 0.07431062397236625, 0.2643373881280422, -0.3706006837884585, -0.10898470362027486, 0.2063463647166888, 0.10247888057182232, -0.03434832184575498, 0.014728481920125583, -0.20925540141761304, 0.14833837622776627, -0.17291167023281256, -0.24442730073196192, -0.08228318996727467, 0.06338454611599445, 0.04559442062862217, -0.3050053821876645, -0.015356123112142087, 0.14127548513313135, 0.2253941028068463, -0.044563107824263475, -0.06799497608095408, -0.07790060054200391, -0.043447176604143656, -0.0572728192464759, 0.07430166593131919, 0.12623110873741097, -0.12876283131850264, -0.11585008156330635, 0.36592393537362417, -0.09258803903435667, -0.2559222993037353, 0.13805631766095758, -0.14943419609218836, -0.12171128192916512, 0.1383394170490404, 0.06669492170214653, 0.21458875769749283, -0.01174072440500216, 0.21707163588299105, -0.17728051504741113, 0.018494403896232445, 0.08480701656391224, 0.018905743298431237, 0.13817217057570816, 0.16532075733877719, 0.05263361234217882, 0.1330839551985264, -0.030364190846060714, 0.021360174665848414, -0.39116869112476704, -0.27795984148047864, -0.09463352139418324, 0.22074819899474582, -0.08325762023489612, -0.18454186496635278, 0.42361254423856737, 0.055167658428351085, 0.21743802092969416, 0.08761716701090336, 0.2909637537350257, 0.007224727148811023, -0.04345304931824406, 0.020260271957765023, 0.08023644216669103, 0.2377808835854133, -0.06431704616174101, -0.0986854567596068, 0.026368783190846443, 0.23533557704339425] |
711.2343 | Quantum non-demolition measurements of single donor spins in
semiconductors | We propose a technique for measuring the state of a single donor electron
spin using a field-effect transistor induced two-dimensional electron gas and
electrically detected magnetic resonance techniques. The scheme is facilitated
by hyperfine coupling to the donor nucleus. We analyze the potential
sensitivity and outline experimental requirements. Our measurement provides a
single-shot, projective, and quantum non-demolition measurement of an
electron-encoded qubit state.
| cond-mat.mes-hall quant-ph | we propose a technique for measuring the state of a single donor electron spin using a fieldeffect transistor induced twodimensional electron gas and electrically detected magnetic resonance techniques the scheme is facilitated by hyperfine coupling to the donor nucleus we analyze the potential sensitivity and outline experimental requirements our measurement provides a singleshot projective and quantum nondemolition measurement of an electronencoded qubit state | [['we', 'propose', 'a', 'technique', 'for', 'measuring', 'the', 'state', 'of', 'a', 'single', 'donor', 'electron', 'spin', 'using', 'a', 'fieldeffect', 'transistor', 'induced', 'twodimensional', 'electron', 'gas', 'and', 'electrically', 'detected', 'magnetic', 'resonance', 'techniques', 'the', 'scheme', 'is', 'facilitated', 'by', 'hyperfine', 'coupling', 'to', 'the', 'donor', 'nucleus', 'we', 'analyze', 'the', 'potential', 'sensitivity', 'and', 'outline', 'experimental', 'requirements', 'our', 'measurement', 'provides', 'a', 'singleshot', 'projective', 'and', 'quantum', 'nondemolition', 'measurement', 'of', 'an', 'electronencoded', 'qubit', 'state']] | [-0.1645761181519652, 0.16441857384638897, -0.0022437365034655215, -0.01235281141857887, 0.017357727734281892, -0.24700940965164092, 0.12565526808987582, 0.4066974533902061, -0.20959454920187953, -0.2980478678138987, -0.030546594088176084, -0.25760949266353445, -0.04790618580075041, 0.22646403042299132, 0.007488110613438391, 0.08824038667784583, 0.06909869726551997, -0.04443706893512318, -0.10227869300457139, -0.1402830649467726, 0.29765999377254515, 0.06676955216736984, 0.3024394592690852, 0.1119317086208133, 0.19081607416287186, 0.05871965453749703, 0.08160009002313018, -0.04113414481041893, -0.1119036179171094, 0.11671987285221656, 0.242065574684661, 0.027671604927989743, 0.2112112314169926, -0.46318376578030085, -0.1842261623561142, 0.02263260972235472, 0.1292384026061383, 0.2339574678710872, -0.12865040927464444, -0.36044140760937043, -0.01040757879344446, -0.23433548335226312, -0.10092060690775755, -0.13540765555996087, -0.04462920902897754, -0.06087827896549096, -0.2871490313160804, 0.07075635512216738, 0.0252952866571685, 0.04131795386333139, -0.07796626066368434, -0.028817627218461806, 0.03743874965490954, 0.06234902765361532, -0.08823913071800264, 0.07181769264711728, 0.29047145293424687, -0.0869223001082578, -0.1780089838730712, 0.2777641503395693, -0.08823505149132782, -0.1555052402489368, 0.12181442239201598, -0.16795492118164415, -0.044448300054477106, 0.08725824195050425, 0.09935274371697057, 0.13840604408253585, -0.17237613573970814, 0.042067528248862215, 0.018181659566659118, 0.22711880261739414, -0.005052010784105909, 0.12154489827732887, 0.2562663923355661, 0.23888241222518827, 0.06148904775299372, 0.1446498878931086, -0.25488171636337237, 0.0036712275938160957, -0.21107239576597367, -0.1977671682571752, -0.20719187220017757, 0.16633286889296986, -0.0020119768500256713, -0.1008513641934241, 0.43315032552457144, 0.1214598925003121, 0.15298031348614924, -0.10343188422942354, 0.37659091850922954, 0.1228671837616862, 0.024024744908655842, -0.040841903387298505, 0.28306716058080295, 0.2561955543933436, 0.06270390131225388, -0.35661931512238937, 0.03341062789812924, 0.009540569052220352] |
711.2344 | Building Giant-Planet Cores at a Planet Trap | A well-known bottleneck for the core-accretion model of giant-planet
formation is the loss of the cores into the star by Type-I migration, due to
the tidal interactions with the gas disk. It has been shown that a steep
surface-density gradient in the disk, such as the one expected at the boundary
between an active and a dead zone, acts as a planet trap and prevents isolated
cores from migrating down to the central star. We study the relevance of the
planet trap concept for the accretion and evolution of systems of multiple
planetary embryos/cores. We performed hydrodynamical simulations of the
evolution of systems of multiple massive objects in the vicinity of a planet
trap. The planetary embryos evolve in 3 dimensions, whereas the disk is modeled
with a 2D grid. Synthetic forces are applied onto the embryos to mimic the
damping effect that the disk has on their inclinations. Systems with two
embryos tend to acquire stable, separated and non-migrating orbits, with the
more massive embryo placed at the planet trap and the lighter one farther out
in the disk. Systems of multiple embryos are intrinsically unstable.
Consequently, a long phase of mutual scattering can lead to accreting
collisions among embryos; some embryos are injected into the inner part of the
disk, where they can be evacuated into the star by Type I migration. The system
can resume a stable, non-migrating configuration only when the number of
surviving embryos decreases to a small value (~2-4). This can explain the
limited number of giant planets in our solar system. These results should apply
in general to any case in which the Type-I migration of the inner embryo is
prevented by some mechanism, and not solely to the planet trap scenario.
| astro-ph | a wellknown bottleneck for the coreaccretion model of giantplanet formation is the loss of the cores into the star by typei migration due to the tidal interactions with the gas disk it has been shown that a steep surfacedensity gradient in the disk such as the one expected at the boundary between an active and a dead zone acts as a planet trap and prevents isolated cores from migrating down to the central star we study the relevance of the planet trap concept for the accretion and evolution of systems of multiple planetary embryoscores we performed hydrodynamical simulations of the evolution of systems of multiple massive objects in the vicinity of a planet trap the planetary embryos evolve in 3 dimensions whereas the disk is modeled with a 2d grid synthetic forces are applied onto the embryos to mimic the damping effect that the disk has on their inclinations systems with two embryos tend to acquire stable separated and nonmigrating orbits with the more massive embryo placed at the planet trap and the lighter one farther out in the disk systems of multiple embryos are intrinsically unstable consequently a long phase of mutual scattering can lead to accreting collisions among embryos some embryos are injected into the inner part of the disk where they can be evacuated into the star by type i migration the system can resume a stable nonmigrating configuration only when the number of surviving embryos decreases to a small value 24 this can explain the limited number of giant planets in our solar system these results should apply in general to any case in which the typei migration of the inner embryo is prevented by some mechanism and not solely to the planet trap scenario | [['a', 'wellknown', 'bottleneck', 'for', 'the', 'coreaccretion', 'model', 'of', 'giantplanet', 'formation', 'is', 'the', 'loss', 'of', 'the', 'cores', 'into', 'the', 'star', 'by', 'typei', 'migration', 'due', 'to', 'the', 'tidal', 'interactions', 'with', 'the', 'gas', 'disk', 'it', 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711.2345 | Models for dependent extremes using stable mixtures | This paper unifies and extends results on a class of multivariate Extreme
Value (EV) models studied by Hougaard, Crowder, and Tawn. In these models both
unconditional and conditional distributions are EV, and all lower-dimensional
marginals and maxima belong to the class. This leads to substantial economies
of understanding, analysis and prediction. One interpretation of the models is
as size mixtures of EV distributions, where the mixing is by positive stable
distributions. A second interpretation is as exponential-stable location
mixtures (for Gumbel) or as power-stable scale mixtures (for non-Gumbel EV
distributions). A third interpretation is through a Peaks over Thresholds model
with a positive stable intensity. The mixing variables are used as a modeling
tool and for better understanding and model checking. We study extreme value
analogues of components of variance models, and new time series, spatial, and
continuous parameter models for extreme values. The results are applied to data
from a pitting corrosion investigation.
| stat.ME math.ST stat.TH | this paper unifies and extends results on a class of multivariate extreme value ev models studied by hougaard crowder and tawn in these models both unconditional and conditional distributions are ev and all lowerdimensional marginals and maxima belong to the class this leads to substantial economies of understanding analysis and prediction one interpretation of the models is as size mixtures of ev distributions where the mixing is by positive stable distributions a second interpretation is as exponentialstable location mixtures for gumbel or as powerstable scale mixtures for nongumbel ev distributions a third interpretation is through a peaks over thresholds model with a positive stable intensity the mixing variables are used as a modeling tool and for better understanding and model checking we study extreme value analogues of components of variance models and new time series spatial and continuous parameter models for extreme values the results are applied to data from a pitting corrosion investigation | [['this', 'paper', 'unifies', 'and', 'extends', 'results', 'on', 'a', 'class', 'of', 'multivariate', 'extreme', 'value', 'ev', 'models', 'studied', 'by', 'hougaard', 'crowder', 'and', 'tawn', 'in', 'these', 'models', 'both', 'unconditional', 'and', 'conditional', 'distributions', 'are', 'ev', 'and', 'all', 'lowerdimensional', 'marginals', 'and', 'maxima', 'belong', 'to', 'the', 'class', 'this', 'leads', 'to', 'substantial', 'economies', 'of', 'understanding', 'analysis', 'and', 'prediction', 'one', 'interpretation', 'of', 'the', 'models', 'is', 'as', 'size', 'mixtures', 'of', 'ev', 'distributions', 'where', 'the', 'mixing', 'is', 'by', 'positive', 'stable', 'distributions', 'a', 'second', 'interpretation', 'is', 'as', 'exponentialstable', 'location', 'mixtures', 'for', 'gumbel', 'or', 'as', 'powerstable', 'scale', 'mixtures', 'for', 'nongumbel', 'ev', 'distributions', 'a', 'third', 'interpretation', 'is', 'through', 'a', 'peaks', 'over', 'thresholds', 'model', 'with', 'a', 'positive', 'stable', 'intensity', 'the', 'mixing', 'variables', 'are', 'used', 'as', 'a', 'modeling', 'tool', 'and', 'for', 'better', 'understanding', 'and', 'model', 'checking', 'we', 'study', 'extreme', 'value', 'analogues', 'of', 'components', 'of', 'variance', 'models', 'and', 'new', 'time', 'series', 'spatial', 'and', 'continuous', 'parameter', 'models', 'for', 'extreme', 'values', 'the', 'results', 'are', 'applied', 'to', 'data', 'from', 'a', 'pitting', 'corrosion', 'investigation']] | [-0.02449693761084426, 0.12057035651045624, -0.08523939314779412, 0.10664457363224533, -0.016901929918306552, -0.1361607232251334, 0.053726986958028515, 0.3735414950349769, -0.22225011764896035, -0.32052737866553005, 0.11711528430621923, -0.2725897382864642, -0.09961138023156056, 0.19040848346834152, -0.046275173943021046, 0.07069649361507638, 0.044678034704943366, -0.02790381129066281, -0.05439783796816077, -0.17467413201237356, 0.29648403525784217, 0.06339693409915002, 0.29423300218182485, 0.016002673324041795, 0.08101317215331565, -0.012090947909206645, -0.015212744778170195, 0.01000960767176619, -0.12226172052447172, 0.12402102907515125, 0.23212108200970388, 0.1047055858259848, 0.2850192300111845, -0.32805254636024006, -0.2611298206576843, 0.14872208153150532, 0.09072318776442811, 0.04129498288812523, -0.006485888220227959, -0.2640044129228478, 0.04743423954034779, -0.14651411974999978, -0.1212978485589292, -0.10967871631859549, 0.0328984684403369, 0.05250557117080871, -0.3436974940685839, 0.13560081946521702, 0.08524824050100928, 0.05007119563142985, -0.1098838122314866, -0.18265570648976706, -0.012546520744949973, 0.08041337650078072, 0.08737502117958906, -0.036368553403345556, 0.09466203248177636, -0.14741157517700598, -0.12647650823835901, 0.3620754506142921, -0.0869796025005496, -0.1800930064390506, 0.21377485708352054, -0.1306457951902381, -0.13130352940928464, 0.11048716322414034, 0.21223992028501848, 0.13731253454276662, -0.12716938606740918, 0.06285415306943315, -0.0377640981729827, 0.15687641370208896, 0.061231412730543625, -0.0025818573792051797, 0.2299930884854387, 0.17611283784275814, 0.050958019471139454, 0.10234593985207527, -0.08898246707857296, -0.1448088023682057, -0.27983503234850254, -0.1572386371095153, -0.1485804051803795, 0.0183196516841687, -0.10835795979912158, -0.16502479908583895, 0.39568813373365547, 0.15058575591553522, 0.26227551093633406, 0.08414057594113397, 0.2444610746950528, 0.133874028230345, 0.023621991970607183, 0.029035976310784847, 0.14224799879092648, 0.1557797231859472, 0.056682911984829096, -0.10618175622958548, 0.13862025543479928, 0.03747837200748506] |
711.2346 | $k$-noncrossing RNA structures with arc-length $\ge 3$ | In this paper we enumerate $k$-noncrossing RNA pseudoknot structures with
given minimum arc- and stack-length. That is, we study the numbers of RNA
pseudoknot structures with arc-length $\ge 3$, stack-length $\ge \sigma$ and in
which there are at most $k-1$ mutually crossing bonds, denoted by ${\sf
T}_{k,\sigma}^{[3]}(n)$. In particular we prove that the numbers of 3, 4 and
5-noncrossing RNA structures with arc-length $\ge 3$ and stack-length $\ge 2$
satisfy ${\sf T}_{3,2}^{[3]}(n)^{}\sim K_3 n^{-5} 2.5723^n$, ${\sf
T}^{[3]}_{4,2}(n)\sim K_4 n^{-{21/2}} 3.0306^n$, and ${\sf
T}^{[3]}_{5,2}(n)\sim K_5 n^{-18} 3.4092^n$, respectively, where $K_3,K_4,K_5$
are constants. Our results are of importance for prediction algorithms for RNA
pseudoknot structures.
| q-bio.BM | in this paper we enumerate knoncrossing rna pseudoknot structures with given minimum arc and stacklength that is we study the numbers of rna pseudoknot structures with arclength ge 3 stacklength ge sigma and in which there are at most k1 mutually crossing bonds denoted by sf t_ksigma3n in particular we prove that the numbers of 3 4 and 5noncrossing rna structures with arclength ge 3 and stacklength ge 2 satisfy sf t_323nsim k_3 n5 25723n sf t3_42nsim k_4 n212 30306n and sf t3_52nsim k_5 n18 34092n respectively where k_3k_4k_5 are constants our results are of importance for prediction algorithms for rna pseudoknot structures | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'enumerate', 'knoncrossing', 'rna', 'pseudoknot', 'structures', 'with', 'given', 'minimum', 'arc', 'and', 'stacklength', 'that', 'is', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'numbers', 'of', 'rna', 'pseudoknot', 'structures', 'with', 'arclength', 'ge', '3', 'stacklength', 'ge', 'sigma', 'and', 'in', 'which', 'there', 'are', 'at', 'most', 'k1', 'mutually', 'crossing', 'bonds', 'denoted', 'by', 'sf', 't_ksigma3n', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'the', 'numbers', 'of', '3', '4', 'and', '5noncrossing', 'rna', 'structures', 'with', 'arclength', 'ge', '3', 'and', 'stacklength', 'ge', '2', 'satisfy', 'sf', 't_323nsim', 'k_3', 'n5', '25723n', 'sf', 't3_42nsim', 'k_4', 'n212', '30306n', 'and', 'sf', 't3_52nsim', 'k_5', 'n18', '34092n', 'respectively', 'where', 'k_3k_4k_5', 'are', 'constants', 'our', 'results', 'are', 'of', 'importance', 'for', 'prediction', 'algorithms', 'for', 'rna', 'pseudoknot', 'structures']] | [-0.20734048152263176, 0.18327532286082018, 0.06622570240127042, 0.08075718952223976, 0.003624630220075871, -0.18010939180137628, 0.002523827016046469, 0.42409383391396716, -0.2411981589084075, -0.29923322228120364, 0.022341343189064573, -0.31895882860222396, -0.2279626577498114, 0.10636341449200234, -0.004652295955159562, -0.05314502830894545, 0.02852984694169557, 0.04074550725697996, 0.02306156485103705, -0.25228590272525525, 0.2892599438336935, -0.060634344494208056, 0.13694519972047234, 0.05782488432336361, 0.0013535368018486398, -0.01598412856122756, 0.06019122637015708, 0.03900393199651165, -0.3292097974566438, 0.14827997686262143, 0.26420724308712684, 0.15318534042478163, 0.13543921625836097, -0.41682686206904496, -0.11344036758144169, 0.15151353305245333, 0.1480364202214603, 0.0304836377271134, -0.029930994328250117, -0.13588409666021534, 0.25068690717477904, -0.07730736440800606, -0.0499751963949901, -0.03409914469762527, 0.11618487816303968, 0.06939151701566941, -0.24691809559280567, 0.07815461191150577, 0.08667449101785872, 0.1123222414939169, -0.0036616030005500355, -0.21275344966573917, -0.09833663746843392, 0.06332703190855682, -0.04759057991929907, 0.08189010283998907, 0.07269759435129867, -0.11325403761386157, -0.19357474757596216, 0.345883920313196, 0.03858932146326976, -0.15269713288441206, 0.11272036436786677, -0.15410960707912577, -0.2701124552528354, 0.15948338151978764, 0.011646356195845503, 0.12998826468878605, -0.006572860208875004, 0.1383739822770796, -0.0014311675170555393, 0.16189886209495524, 0.21480316406690536, -0.013069727923721075, 0.08993268456864864, 0.1457358180877178, 0.07834781425450235, 0.1112715075055058, -0.07553514772827954, 0.0007944871334636465, -0.2745121166387454, -0.1786303926715033, -0.1349421279192803, 0.08441211187102377, -0.146753212044906, -0.15305760456249118, 0.3303920124716898, -0.01622796567909895, 0.17266109845343422, 0.17165395825670318, 0.16002926184855243, -0.036330424480764394, 0.05954151404427087, 0.1128285894754957, 0.06831308287578298, 0.16323612401747403, -0.07696362826081508, -0.14205292489892368, 0.029950478277664554, 0.07231084040385928] |
711.2347 | Recrystallization of glass: homogeneous vs. heterogeneous nucleation in
La(0.5)Ca(0.5)MnO3 | We probe through magnetization and resistivity measurements a kinetically
arrested glass-like but long-range ordered magnetic state. The transformation
kinetics of the magnetic field-temperature induced broad first-order transition
from ferromagnetic-metallic (FMM) to antiferromagnetic-insulating (AFI) state
gets hindered at low temperature in a La(0.5)Ca(0.5)MnO3 sample. A fraction of
high-temperature FMM phase persists to the lowest temperature, albeit as a
non-ergodic state. We present a phenomenology for this glass-like but
long-range order FMM phase which devitrifies on heating and converts to
equilibrium AFI phase. The residual kinetically arrested FMM phase can be
`recrystallized' to AFI state by annealing and more efficiently by successive
annealing, presumably by heterogeneous nucleation. This glass-like state shows
a stimulating feature that when the fraction of glass is larger the
`recrystallization' is easier.
| cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.stat-mech | we probe through magnetization and resistivity measurements a kinetically arrested glasslike but longrange ordered magnetic state the transformation kinetics of the magnetic fieldtemperature induced broad firstorder transition from ferromagneticmetallic fmm to antiferromagneticinsulating afi state gets hindered at low temperature in a la05ca05mno3 sample a fraction of hightemperature fmm phase persists to the lowest temperature albeit as a nonergodic state we present a phenomenology for this glasslike but longrange order fmm phase which devitrifies on heating and converts to equilibrium afi phase the residual kinetically arrested fmm phase can be recrystallized to afi state by annealing and more efficiently by successive annealing presumably by heterogeneous nucleation this glasslike state shows a stimulating feature that when the fraction of glass is larger the recrystallization is easier | [['we', 'probe', 'through', 'magnetization', 'and', 'resistivity', 'measurements', 'a', 'kinetically', 'arrested', 'glasslike', 'but', 'longrange', 'ordered', 'magnetic', 'state', 'the', 'transformation', 'kinetics', 'of', 'the', 'magnetic', 'fieldtemperature', 'induced', 'broad', 'firstorder', 'transition', 'from', 'ferromagneticmetallic', 'fmm', 'to', 'antiferromagneticinsulating', 'afi', 'state', 'gets', 'hindered', 'at', 'low', 'temperature', 'in', 'a', 'la05ca05mno3', 'sample', 'a', 'fraction', 'of', 'hightemperature', 'fmm', 'phase', 'persists', 'to', 'the', 'lowest', 'temperature', 'albeit', 'as', 'a', 'nonergodic', 'state', 'we', 'present', 'a', 'phenomenology', 'for', 'this', 'glasslike', 'but', 'longrange', 'order', 'fmm', 'phase', 'which', 'devitrifies', 'on', 'heating', 'and', 'converts', 'to', 'equilibrium', 'afi', 'phase', 'the', 'residual', 'kinetically', 'arrested', 'fmm', 'phase', 'can', 'be', 'recrystallized', 'to', 'afi', 'state', 'by', 'annealing', 'and', 'more', 'efficiently', 'by', 'successive', 'annealing', 'presumably', 'by', 'heterogeneous', 'nucleation', 'this', 'glasslike', 'state', 'shows', 'a', 'stimulating', 'feature', 'that', 'when', 'the', 'fraction', 'of', 'glass', 'is', 'larger', 'the', 'recrystallization', 'is', 'easier']] | [-0.12221911516915099, 0.37462514949341613, -0.10083704380076228, 0.004807538246902508, -0.04429523263986003, -0.13997891432476964, 0.12840758759634402, 0.3877489586489472, -0.30971396846197, -0.2673327114009033, 0.06457919518679107, -0.26570776920402195, -0.08407585883164793, 0.08748618950991612, 0.08280250865481491, -0.004781460813511678, -0.057280820436639394, -0.04717345004219834, -0.1329560404685061, -0.19566241774056864, 0.21837725114679282, 0.03356328779240934, 0.31520345326270754, 0.0310093228046487, 0.040785245946194405, -0.06400492319806926, 0.19572603346295353, 0.058305641552963396, -0.12697817356642987, -0.06886734086565854, 0.2823592322060793, -0.046378072440185075, 0.19057374965490365, -0.43345327670012773, -0.22843755223235584, 0.06447906946437812, 0.15588768795738375, 0.169566378356109, -0.07279952697995842, -0.29607945242972394, 0.02307047845737898, -0.13657268526967675, -0.07187314994226336, -0.1777023995575321, -0.042208894314925846, -0.07227043534924345, -0.2532552429058445, 0.1814495527462755, 0.12434450126010774, 0.057405829359587976, -0.07744553312659264, -0.1067811444598606, -0.0746943108866188, -0.016919087802913662, 0.007230769850434811, 0.11589655429654853, 0.20865718656545126, -0.12860238424509884, -0.05090395472489479, 0.32841161241739747, -0.028488431706062963, 0.010278705409084394, 0.1919805430920749, -0.17429757336669457, -0.08271329879866747, 0.2979731717093931, 0.09922514561132141, 0.13386416901849452, -0.1307111871605067, -0.00619208140651756, 0.10957095065207137, 0.2478528293322893, -0.002741988135002008, -0.01756978837576339, 0.2378777984181434, 0.24484884456307363, 0.0326140641265102, 0.2751535079536611, -0.08186977015968178, -0.18362844865617714, -0.17001308185404274, -0.1955971022976971, -0.22577042156277694, 0.05793201882483029, -0.10793168228689858, -0.21601748658056424, 0.3411326457962121, 0.1462026123351198, 0.18965943409811434, -0.046770986085341165, 0.272278062957604, 0.06793307084817349, 0.008826354155089797, 0.05915262216344339, 0.21973346149912332, 0.18125152125825908, 0.2036824940601591, -0.3009381038250356, 0.17911276113378202, 0.058863071081175555] |
711.2348 | Average mass composition of primary cosmic rays in the superhigh energy
region by Yakutsk complex EAS array data | The characteristics relating to the lateral and longitudinal development of
EAS in the energy region of 10^15-10^19eV have been analyzed in the framework
of the QGSJET model and of mass composition of primary cosmic rays. It is found
that at E(0) >= 5*10^15eV the mean mass composition of primary cosmic rays
begins to vary as indicated by a rise of <ln A> with increasing energy. The
maximum value of <ln A> is observed at E(0) ~ (5-50)*10^16eV. It is confirmed
by data of many compact EAS arrays and does not contradict an anomalous
diffusion model of cosmic ray propagation in our Galaxy. In the superhigh
energy region (>=10^18eV) the value <ln A> begins to decrease, i.e. the mass
composition becomes lighter and consists of protons and nuclei of He and C. It
does not contradict our earlier estimations for the mass composition and points
to a growing role of the metagalactic component of cosmic rays in the superhigh
energy region.
| astro-ph | the characteristics relating to the lateral and longitudinal development of eas in the energy region of 10151019ev have been analyzed in the framework of the qgsjet model and of mass composition of primary cosmic rays it is found that at e0 51015ev the mean mass composition of primary cosmic rays begins to vary as indicated by a rise of ln a with increasing energy the maximum value of ln a is observed at e0 5501016ev it is confirmed by data of many compact eas arrays and does not contradict an anomalous diffusion model of cosmic ray propagation in our galaxy in the superhigh energy region 1018ev the value ln a begins to decrease ie the mass composition becomes lighter and consists of protons and nuclei of he and c it does not contradict our earlier estimations for the mass composition and points to a growing role of the metagalactic component of cosmic rays in the superhigh energy region | [['the', 'characteristics', 'relating', 'to', 'the', 'lateral', 'and', 'longitudinal', 'development', 'of', 'eas', 'in', 'the', 'energy', 'region', 'of', '10151019ev', 'have', 'been', 'analyzed', 'in', 'the', 'framework', 'of', 'the', 'qgsjet', 'model', 'and', 'of', 'mass', 'composition', 'of', 'primary', 'cosmic', 'rays', 'it', 'is', 'found', 'that', 'at', 'e0', '51015ev', 'the', 'mean', 'mass', 'composition', 'of', 'primary', 'cosmic', 'rays', 'begins', 'to', 'vary', 'as', 'indicated', 'by', 'a', 'rise', 'of', 'ln', 'a', 'with', 'increasing', 'energy', 'the', 'maximum', 'value', 'of', 'ln', 'a', 'is', 'observed', 'at', 'e0', '5501016ev', 'it', 'is', 'confirmed', 'by', 'data', 'of', 'many', 'compact', 'eas', 'arrays', 'and', 'does', 'not', 'contradict', 'an', 'anomalous', 'diffusion', 'model', 'of', 'cosmic', 'ray', 'propagation', 'in', 'our', 'galaxy', 'in', 'the', 'superhigh', 'energy', 'region', '1018ev', 'the', 'value', 'ln', 'a', 'begins', 'to', 'decrease', 'ie', 'the', 'mass', 'composition', 'becomes', 'lighter', 'and', 'consists', 'of', 'protons', 'and', 'nuclei', 'of', 'he', 'and', 'c', 'it', 'does', 'not', 'contradict', 'our', 'earlier', 'estimations', 'for', 'the', 'mass', 'composition', 'and', 'points', 'to', 'a', 'growing', 'role', 'of', 'the', 'metagalactic', 'component', 'of', 'cosmic', 'rays', 'in', 'the', 'superhigh', 'energy', 'region']] | [-0.09074356226971553, 0.2078950168828728, -0.06027603148813209, 0.07645129959865082, -0.018408555323783788, -0.02208209959039044, -0.00899648706376132, 0.3645704342906679, -0.22205683900824477, -0.34798284863993045, 0.007550633561256672, -0.32531987416648095, -0.00357755382935847, 0.20279259100376118, -0.006327833582068823, -0.013143112749657444, 0.03265406188945617, 0.05490614608786399, -0.036278415127326887, -0.18067979628235223, 0.30151676316595366, 0.20167547988314782, 0.26380581833542355, 0.09748590276952111, 0.08167933171630026, -0.0311367766931653, -0.03882380463633566, -0.004500313674009615, -0.11476516594322617, 0.08002855548214528, 0.18003608390929238, 0.12779078506263755, 0.20336087689164184, -0.36927820280674967, -0.2521053721887931, 0.1274994866531943, 0.1731207500745152, 0.01924727744152469, -0.05681417685963454, -0.19707117365192503, 0.08132443767033458, -0.14526916759449146, -0.18726219880965447, 0.05451091433304452, 0.0009245694314520206, 0.04327722686012426, -0.2467480844607757, 0.10253726658561538, 0.04949289507442905, 0.03204126557515514, -0.1026974121807143, -0.1489958316267979, -0.045607484231192257, 0.08815522529785672, 0.12245194941398597, 0.06877824260642933, 0.147703114494441, -0.13669185653148638, -0.042340522770199084, 0.3775546675848384, -0.06701503943712, -0.065607032738626, 0.17014025060399887, -0.20090651273663576, -0.13040731195360422, 0.2028665447187039, 0.15117517638831368, 0.0940483016592841, -0.13955993021447813, 0.11411613074859844, 0.022824298577653543, 0.16984040904489736, 0.054026825718333824, -0.010898273855714399, 0.25119345426078765, 0.1699596652731059, 0.06961974283011871, 0.028152005593743056, -0.11659054860112167, -0.030073084664200583, -0.2931047661530395, -0.1796506054248781, -0.1894030275424161, 0.06361350850371134, -0.0813395153183768, -0.16995598125241457, 0.37296832055454293, 0.08689032657313228, 0.240959280122432, 0.00812595515331674, 0.24195763874844078, 0.08230842570548937, 0.07720620588084022, 0.09443838178150116, 0.2984128129007595, 0.14895763310994353, 0.13968236303077108, -0.24995410087172903, 0.07940368573331545, 0.010137781359615825] |
711.2349 | Robust model selection in generalized linear models | In this paper, we extend to generalized linear models (including logistic and
other binary regression models, Poisson regression and gamma regression models)
the robust model selection methodology developed by Mueller and Welsh (2005;
JASA) for linear regression models. As in Mueller and Welsh (2005), we combine
a robust penalized measure of fit to the sample with a robust measure of out of
sample predictive ability which is estimated using a post-stratified m-out-of-n
bootstrap. A key idea is that the method can be used to compare different
estimators (robust and nonrobust) as well as different models. Even when
specialized back to linear regression models, the methodology presented in this
paper improves on that of Mueller and Welsh (2005). In particular, we use a new
bias-adjusted bootstrap estimator which avoids the need to centre the
explanatory variables and to include an intercept in every model. We also use
more sophisticated arguments than Mueller and Welsh (2005) to establish an
essential monotonicity condition.
| stat.ME | in this paper we extend to generalized linear models including logistic and other binary regression models poisson regression and gamma regression models the robust model selection methodology developed by mueller and welsh 2005 jasa for linear regression models as in mueller and welsh 2005 we combine a robust penalized measure of fit to the sample with a robust measure of out of sample predictive ability which is estimated using a poststratified moutofn bootstrap a key idea is that the method can be used to compare different estimators robust and nonrobust as well as different models even when specialized back to linear regression models the methodology presented in this paper improves on that of mueller and welsh 2005 in particular we use a new biasadjusted bootstrap estimator which avoids the need to centre the explanatory variables and to include an intercept in every model we also use more sophisticated arguments than mueller and welsh 2005 to establish an essential monotonicity condition | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'extend', 'to', 'generalized', 'linear', 'models', 'including', 'logistic', 'and', 'other', 'binary', 'regression', 'models', 'poisson', 'regression', 'and', 'gamma', 'regression', 'models', 'the', 'robust', 'model', 'selection', 'methodology', 'developed', 'by', 'mueller', 'and', 'welsh', '2005', 'jasa', 'for', 'linear', 'regression', 'models', 'as', 'in', 'mueller', 'and', 'welsh', '2005', 'we', 'combine', 'a', 'robust', 'penalized', 'measure', 'of', 'fit', 'to', 'the', 'sample', 'with', 'a', 'robust', 'measure', 'of', 'out', 'of', 'sample', 'predictive', 'ability', 'which', 'is', 'estimated', 'using', 'a', 'poststratified', 'moutofn', 'bootstrap', 'a', 'key', 'idea', 'is', 'that', 'the', 'method', 'can', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'compare', 'different', 'estimators', 'robust', 'and', 'nonrobust', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'different', 'models', 'even', 'when', 'specialized', 'back', 'to', 'linear', 'regression', 'models', 'the', 'methodology', 'presented', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'improves', 'on', 'that', 'of', 'mueller', 'and', 'welsh', '2005', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'use', 'a', 'new', 'biasadjusted', 'bootstrap', 'estimator', 'which', 'avoids', 'the', 'need', 'to', 'centre', 'the', 'explanatory', 'variables', 'and', 'to', 'include', 'an', 'intercept', 'in', 'every', 'model', 'we', 'also', 'use', 'more', 'sophisticated', 'arguments', 'than', 'mueller', 'and', 'welsh', '2005', 'to', 'establish', 'an', 'essential', 'monotonicity', 'condition']] | [0.03938903118032613, -0.01982858612736891, -0.12131513621716294, 0.10664016349473968, -0.10446248522493988, -0.22719517307996284, 0.05851218145835446, 0.38501918844413013, -0.23700797260717082, -0.29994716327637433, 0.13823487701565682, -0.25108524837414736, -0.2077863046215498, 0.19877395433431957, -0.1520620201190468, 0.13188109887123572, 0.038432816800195724, -0.07084628501324915, -0.059810727240983394, -0.2917181433884252, 0.27191817325074225, 0.10140687584280386, 0.2702130637131631, -0.03512182371341623, 0.10898324755980866, 0.07494158378103748, -0.1013452610859531, 0.01950580710545182, -0.10727579688582409, 0.13332424259861, 0.26368556756674477, 0.13837835129525047, 0.314309073286131, -0.3356700697812812, -0.21233582809290966, 0.1019849720702041, 0.07835592760820873, 0.07670692920655711, 0.03393630856617165, -0.2493563740841637, 0.061134541741921566, -0.20374466376106284, -0.11799391872773413, -0.12977793096215465, -0.010672602779231965, -0.008899074248620308, -0.35967443299596197, 0.09401687998451962, 0.09804909783633775, 0.03328169924207032, -0.02011077983879659, -0.15647916808957235, -0.006865705958625767, 0.05022762341486668, 0.03111324822093593, 0.022389837825903668, 0.06181745267786028, -0.0696379706292646, -0.14845207112375647, 0.30657083562691695, -0.08793434653098302, -0.21271936536650174, 0.21562686858596863, -0.0702767041606421, -0.16505475177109474, 0.03991891022960772, 0.24929184769280255, 0.10341560444212519, -0.1844622360401445, 0.049363865988561885, -0.07592600374046014, 0.1474023828166537, 0.021935071652842454, -0.07997341633308679, 0.1356537723564543, 0.1482364834373584, 0.031909377462579866, 0.10696788073364587, -0.1052200872573394, -0.028791142934642265, -0.26778520733932965, -0.12184235921595246, -0.16641638941364362, -0.005869842294487171, -0.11819666609153501, -0.1709271312574856, 0.37505240507889537, 0.22512131427793064, 0.19800074562735973, 0.10104615232849028, 0.272511729109101, 0.10752536444706493, 0.03353054216277087, 0.09657775548985228, 0.21209167813067326, 0.18818667802406708, 0.04912150440795813, -0.14373785826282984, 0.094391200033715, 0.05316857857687864] |
711.235 | Unknot diagrams requiring a quadratic number of Reidemeister moves to
untangle | We present a sequence of diagrams of the unknot for which the minimum number
of Reidemeister moves required to pass to the trivial diagram is quadratic with
respect to the number of crossings. These bounds apply both in $S^2$ and in
$\R^2$.
| math.GT | we present a sequence of diagrams of the unknot for which the minimum number of reidemeister moves required to pass to the trivial diagram is quadratic with respect to the number of crossings these bounds apply both in s2 and in r2 | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'sequence', 'of', 'diagrams', 'of', 'the', 'unknot', 'for', 'which', 'the', 'minimum', 'number', 'of', 'reidemeister', 'moves', 'required', 'to', 'pass', 'to', 'the', 'trivial', 'diagram', 'is', 'quadratic', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'crossings', 'these', 'bounds', 'apply', 'both', 'in', 's2', 'and', 'in', 'r2']] | [-0.21847232912356654, 0.10464297949026029, -0.06571797587509666, 0.06327955390692555, -0.10233315665807043, -0.1278307952008964, 0.1220731570002889, 0.31333642153047203, -0.27120744889335974, -0.37400771957583767, 0.07092462490323842, -0.2742824330260711, -0.1064223333128861, 0.18107326776676236, -0.11021683283061498, 0.012006906340719155, 0.020455298989656426, 0.13334621808358602, -0.08808371701299966, -0.2801335998145597, 0.2774481185312782, -0.04361946452852516, 0.13440099254339224, 0.021196915258076928, 0.03007127837987528, -0.011258716007605904, 0.02459134773484298, 0.03152533146064906, -0.19165725258755542, 0.1168742610718168, 0.21011639317259237, 0.10749774581442277, 0.1570090425999037, -0.40605748697583166, -0.1051865290473437, 0.1683503157636594, 0.17534691325965382, 0.05498299669818066, 0.015071155702961343, -0.20511707184570177, 0.11878033296393585, -0.11650484712472894, -0.12976132160318748, -0.030565281154676563, 0.013010510362662552, 0.05271209572397527, -0.2339536366274669, -0.01266467871720947, 0.055123102673817245, 0.04817877809650132, 0.006300397195099365, -0.0919646985365987, -0.09161200963093766, 0.17098671574300775, 0.0731534458685755, 0.10783451061607116, 0.038656104245178756, -0.17000092579317944, -0.09882427869542014, 0.3768551538121842, -0.07553574040399066, -0.1851192227165614, 0.17655202377742776, -0.14970523427196203, -0.15988493083222283, 0.21142351004250703, 0.09991968538434733, 0.1378555940907626, -0.031247330020137486, 0.10015878284078401, -0.025486632605038938, 0.10815325237455822, 0.07531645911790076, -0.011140535807325727, 0.16890638321638107, 0.04831016187866529, 0.1511132430196518, 0.25802634343770997, -0.12881831341378747, -0.09990629877540327, -0.36030147863285883, -0.21012495129945732, -0.14621012642913098, -0.0036105431278147513, -0.08669328733889242, -0.2213085765168736, 0.4099080567026422, 0.12765765285474204, 0.22564100174973387, 0.14586867005397966, 0.28833050103414626, 0.10312614955806307, 0.057651827533152844, 0.059582674831506754, 0.18795779172242397, 0.14603411248286388, -0.015311218509894042, -0.21218714704515323, -0.027260923298031446, 0.16410229590144895] |
711.2351 | A Proximal-Projection Method for Finding Zeros of Set-Valued Operators | In this paper we study the convergence of an iterative algorithm for finding
zeros with constraints for not necessarily monotone set-valued operators in a
reflexive Banach space. This algorithm, which we call the proximal-projection
method is, essentially, a fixed point procedure and our convergence results are
based on new generalizations of Lemma Opial. We show how the
proximal-projection method can be applied for solving ill-posed variational
inequalities and convex optimization problems with data given or computable by
approximations only. The convergence properties of the proximal-projection
method we establish also allow us to prove that the proximal point method (with
Bregman distances), whose convergence was known to happen for maximal monotone
operators, still converges when the operator involved in it is monotone with
sequentially weakly closed graph.
| nlin.SI | in this paper we study the convergence of an iterative algorithm for finding zeros with constraints for not necessarily monotone setvalued operators in a reflexive banach space this algorithm which we call the proximalprojection method is essentially a fixed point procedure and our convergence results are based on new generalizations of lemma opial we show how the proximalprojection method can be applied for solving illposed variational inequalities and convex optimization problems with data given or computable by approximations only the convergence properties of the proximalprojection method we establish also allow us to prove that the proximal point method with bregman distances whose convergence was known to happen for maximal monotone operators still converges when the operator involved in it is monotone with sequentially weakly closed graph | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'convergence', 'of', 'an', 'iterative', 'algorithm', 'for', 'finding', 'zeros', 'with', 'constraints', 'for', 'not', 'necessarily', 'monotone', 'setvalued', 'operators', 'in', 'a', 'reflexive', 'banach', 'space', 'this', 'algorithm', 'which', 'we', 'call', 'the', 'proximalprojection', 'method', 'is', 'essentially', 'a', 'fixed', 'point', 'procedure', 'and', 'our', 'convergence', 'results', 'are', 'based', 'on', 'new', 'generalizations', 'of', 'lemma', 'opial', 'we', 'show', 'how', 'the', 'proximalprojection', 'method', 'can', 'be', 'applied', 'for', 'solving', 'illposed', 'variational', 'inequalities', 'and', 'convex', 'optimization', 'problems', 'with', 'data', 'given', 'or', 'computable', 'by', 'approximations', 'only', 'the', 'convergence', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'proximalprojection', 'method', 'we', 'establish', 'also', 'allow', 'us', 'to', 'prove', 'that', 'the', 'proximal', 'point', 'method', 'with', 'bregman', 'distances', 'whose', 'convergence', 'was', 'known', 'to', 'happen', 'for', 'maximal', 'monotone', 'operators', 'still', 'converges', 'when', 'the', 'operator', 'involved', 'in', 'it', 'is', 'monotone', 'with', 'sequentially', 'weakly', 'closed', 'graph']] | [-0.047947900007582374, 0.03870383650168411, -0.11985254097389915, 0.09978252048382447, -0.09182743261945212, -0.17311469682802758, 0.06041771461558898, 0.40981646108308006, -0.3394206620841509, -0.2111518427226988, 0.1539844746437175, -0.25236483790268677, -0.19651378021715948, 0.22654417504386473, -0.13257712392609508, 0.08717700146463891, 0.10417613950336263, 0.02518225816588494, -0.13512540969531983, -0.30002914336329833, 0.3472397656416491, -0.033896543610367987, 0.21644782000369142, 0.06856712129979675, 0.12414164926638709, 0.006742902994451541, -0.008348048867894307, 0.048798699715195064, -0.13888264430663963, 0.14830265385847138, 0.276042406698541, 0.17813540133555228, 0.33449813319991034, -0.36256392258736825, -0.11155628510529086, 0.20054787342087366, 0.15558378378091942, 0.056400881383553265, -0.0461556228415464, -0.27176068292280275, 0.08532306584548058, -0.07550472959816928, -0.13769624031902777, -0.15026077992534118, -0.05759089044433841, 0.07066761169190859, -0.3634666409860883, 0.05553150971559623, 0.1126674630841802, 0.024325646704898053, -0.05925420350173399, -0.07968731644740772, 0.026537373522481335, 0.028035318650100158, 0.03234464905431701, 0.0652243030527311, 0.07628415287324479, -0.02193100285524177, -0.12732566076715196, 0.31377140601121245, -0.030349891364855306, -0.28640549497989315, 0.13649167422212602, -0.1171046139613267, -0.19053933723267938, 0.11941496489776506, 0.1576683066068365, 0.2217924342054637, -0.16643094232119712, 0.13636436835873783, -0.10052002887315457, 0.09680934787389733, 0.05353678349361178, 0.023754675333048144, 0.06991657352496293, 0.1252956154316457, 0.2400597017627978, 0.16026503325251507, 0.005527615350382846, -0.10782819165892545, -0.30446250089222476, -0.12385332967073376, -0.19267375294917397, 0.022418655477402297, -0.12648515203308927, -0.2075045923295889, 0.34141328743481564, 0.15508253083726953, 0.15068050544147218, 0.146291376062898, 0.25910313623321674, 0.1596361618786533, 0.031564876012178875, 0.1381697113374396, 0.18555168103101471, 0.15469987018750833, 0.048312480252842224, -0.1792280762733537, 0.06299363883278732, 0.21939050186321968] |
711.2352 | Planetary Science Goals for the Spitzer Warm Era | The overarching goal of planetary astronomy is to deduce how the present
collection of objects found in our Solar System were formed from the original
material present in the proto-solar nebula. As over two hundred exo-planetary
systems are now known, and multitudes more are expected, the Solar System
represents the closest and best system which we can study, and the only one in
which we can clearly resolve individual bodies other than planets. In this
White Paper we demonstrate how to use Spitzer Space Telescope InfraRed Array
Camera Channels 1 and 2 (3.6 and 4.5 um) imaging photometry with large
dedicated surveys to advance our knowledge of Solar System formation and
evolution. There are a number of vital, key projects to be pursued using
dedicated large programs that have not been pursued during the five years of
Spitzer cold operations. We present a number of the largest and most important
projects here; more will certainly be proposed once the warm era has begun,
including important observations of newly discovered objects.
| astro-ph | the overarching goal of planetary astronomy is to deduce how the present collection of objects found in our solar system were formed from the original material present in the protosolar nebula as over two hundred exoplanetary systems are now known and multitudes more are expected the solar system represents the closest and best system which we can study and the only one in which we can clearly resolve individual bodies other than planets in this white paper we demonstrate how to use spitzer space telescope infrared array camera channels 1 and 2 36 and 45 um imaging photometry with large dedicated surveys to advance our knowledge of solar system formation and evolution there are a number of vital key projects to be pursued using dedicated large programs that have not been pursued during the five years of spitzer cold operations we present a number of the largest and most important projects here more will certainly be proposed once the warm era has begun including important observations of newly discovered objects | [['the', 'overarching', 'goal', 'of', 'planetary', 'astronomy', 'is', 'to', 'deduce', 'how', 'the', 'present', 'collection', 'of', 'objects', 'found', 'in', 'our', 'solar', 'system', 'were', 'formed', 'from', 'the', 'original', 'material', 'present', 'in', 'the', 'protosolar', 'nebula', 'as', 'over', 'two', 'hundred', 'exoplanetary', 'systems', 'are', 'now', 'known', 'and', 'multitudes', 'more', 'are', 'expected', 'the', 'solar', 'system', 'represents', 'the', 'closest', 'and', 'best', 'system', 'which', 'we', 'can', 'study', 'and', 'the', 'only', 'one', 'in', 'which', 'we', 'can', 'clearly', 'resolve', 'individual', 'bodies', 'other', 'than', 'planets', 'in', 'this', 'white', 'paper', 'we', 'demonstrate', 'how', 'to', 'use', 'spitzer', 'space', 'telescope', 'infrared', 'array', 'camera', 'channels', '1', 'and', '2', '36', 'and', '45', 'um', 'imaging', 'photometry', 'with', 'large', 'dedicated', 'surveys', 'to', 'advance', 'our', 'knowledge', 'of', 'solar', 'system', 'formation', 'and', 'evolution', 'there', 'are', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'vital', 'key', 'projects', 'to', 'be', 'pursued', 'using', 'dedicated', 'large', 'programs', 'that', 'have', 'not', 'been', 'pursued', 'during', 'the', 'five', 'years', 'of', 'spitzer', 'cold', 'operations', 'we', 'present', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'the', 'largest', 'and', 'most', 'important', 'projects', 'here', 'more', 'will', 'certainly', 'be', 'proposed', 'once', 'the', 'warm', 'era', 'has', 'begun', 'including', 'important', 'observations', 'of', 'newly', 'discovered', 'objects']] | [-0.08754824878346613, 0.10549956956905697, -0.06048476029570927, 0.03595549795119202, -0.09225555300603018, -0.0791235842029838, 0.001014317015206496, 0.36920524647130687, -0.21108446763622957, -0.3901104419327834, 0.15648803763529834, -0.2856609177830465, -0.15028234535609097, 0.23133258320432265, -0.07558748967233388, 0.03671707905433483, 0.11558134422692305, -0.05444678351152962, 0.0021395323811756336, -0.3023778095629121, 0.29102899794028525, 0.0816849231144742, 0.1307768602225491, -0.029072637154775507, 0.06252481535844066, -0.07245388052371494, -0.0827159929637085, -0.025137225374312358, -0.11092657275272787, 0.11499380043926923, 0.2886384215822224, 0.19282469308031175, 0.26515692949555264, -0.4271084822659545, -0.20498106265440583, 0.08890605505405214, 0.17512850376763656, 0.042966290890677446, -0.038045471848111925, -0.2584381437942605, 0.07300889205105383, -0.17506186501944768, -0.1383200472001644, -0.018197566197555075, 0.04919823150643531, 0.01041239009868792, -0.18702743738506208, -0.013382740624194197, -0.013834111114470835, 0.08337103782344939, -0.10107292170663748, -0.15189876825384357, -0.012966477748362676, 0.16811286747893867, -0.004567318864043473, 0.04952976158888572, 0.11627595154294634, -0.10858527076403227, -0.07171784876982737, 0.4167784650950446, -0.05947871921791161, -0.03547530048458344, 0.25179138239473103, -0.2227929950143923, -0.16714107203297318, 0.13744297546937184, 0.17181731917731025, 0.1300533513292013, -0.21329657692352638, 0.024043089661213077, -0.04315122757654856, 0.21332496647339533, 0.03879537099479314, 0.08037952965344576, 0.29791682097403444, 0.20730844246161936, 0.05239311463528258, 0.12841200950343218, -0.19160369363586036, -0.0622238902210751, -0.23353182628531666, -0.17024660757468904, -0.16294430484447409, 0.05600984618487179, -0.01778517022518345, -0.06606572536941659, 0.35419077513232716, 0.20641803927719593, 0.14286257487666956, -0.0225365929894478, 0.3056986394749187, 0.017942487690186894, 0.14177921103854554, 0.08591222220703083, 0.3077821269412251, 0.0824516803932698, 0.13475796077742844, -0.14432881129631664, 0.06264990337247796, -0.022461225936079725] |
711.2353 | Effect of the steady flow on spatial damping of small-amplitude
prominence oscillations | Aims. Taking account of steady flow in solar prominences, we study its
effects on spatial damping of small-amplitude non-adiabatic magnetoacoustic
waves in a homogeneous, isothermal, and unbounded prominence plasma. Methods.
We model the typical feature of observed damped oscillatory motion in
prominences, removing the adiabaticity assumption through thermal conduction,
radiation and heating. Invoking steady flow in MHD equations, we linearise them
under small-amplitude approximation and obtain a new general dispersion
relation for linear non-adiabatic magnetoacoustic waves in prominences Results.
The presence of steady flow breaks the symmetry of forward and backward
propagating MHD wave modes in prominences. The steady flow has dramatic
influence on the propagation and damping of magnetoacoustic and thermal waves.
Depending upon the direction and strength of flow the magnetoacoustic and
thermal modes can show both the features of wave amplification and damping. At
the wave period of 5 min where the photospheric power is maximum, the slow mode
shows wave amplification. However, in the absence of steady flow the slow mode
wave shows damping. Conclusions. For the wave period between 5 min and 15 min,
the amplification length for slow mode, in the case of prominence regime 1.1,
varies between 3.4*10^11 m to 2*10^12 m. Dramatic influence of steady flow on
small-amplitude prominence oscillations is likely to play an important role in
both wave detection and prominence seismology.
| astro-ph | aims taking account of steady flow in solar prominences we study its effects on spatial damping of smallamplitude nonadiabatic magnetoacoustic waves in a homogeneous isothermal and unbounded prominence plasma methods we model the typical feature of observed damped oscillatory motion in prominences removing the adiabaticity assumption through thermal conduction radiation and heating invoking steady flow in mhd equations we linearise them under smallamplitude approximation and obtain a new general dispersion relation for linear nonadiabatic magnetoacoustic waves in prominences results the presence of steady flow breaks the symmetry of forward and backward propagating mhd wave modes in prominences the steady flow has dramatic influence on the propagation and damping of magnetoacoustic and thermal waves depending upon the direction and strength of flow the magnetoacoustic and thermal modes can show both the features of wave amplification and damping at the wave period of 5 min where the photospheric power is maximum the slow mode shows wave amplification however in the absence of steady flow the slow mode wave shows damping conclusions for the wave period between 5 min and 15 min the amplification length for slow mode in the case of prominence regime 11 varies between 341011 m to 21012 m dramatic influence of steady flow on smallamplitude prominence oscillations is likely to play an important role in both wave detection and prominence seismology | [['aims', 'taking', 'account', 'of', 'steady', 'flow', 'in', 'solar', 'prominences', 'we', 'study', 'its', 'effects', 'on', 'spatial', 'damping', 'of', 'smallamplitude', 'nonadiabatic', 'magnetoacoustic', 'waves', 'in', 'a', 'homogeneous', 'isothermal', 'and', 'unbounded', 'prominence', 'plasma', 'methods', 'we', 'model', 'the', 'typical', 'feature', 'of', 'observed', 'damped', 'oscillatory', 'motion', 'in', 'prominences', 'removing', 'the', 'adiabaticity', 'assumption', 'through', 'thermal', 'conduction', 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711.2354 | Function spaces of variable smoothness and integrability | In this article we introduce Triebel--Lizorkin spaces with variable
smoothness and integrability. Our new scale covers spaces with variable
exponent as well as spaces of variable smoothness that have been studied in
recent years. Vector-valued maximal inequalities do not work in the generality
which we pursue, and an alternate approach is thus developed. Applying it, we
give molecular and atomic decomposition results and show that our space is
well-defined, i.e., independent of the choice of basis functions.
As in the classical case, a unified scale of spaces permits clearer results
in cases where smoothness and integrability interact, such as Sobolev embedding
and trace theorems. As an application of our decomposition, we prove optimal
trace theorems in the variable indices case.
| math.CA | in this article we introduce triebellizorkin spaces with variable smoothness and integrability our new scale covers spaces with variable exponent as well as spaces of variable smoothness that have been studied in recent years vectorvalued maximal inequalities do not work in the generality which we pursue and an alternate approach is thus developed applying it we give molecular and atomic decomposition results and show that our space is welldefined ie independent of the choice of basis functions as in the classical case a unified scale of spaces permits clearer results in cases where smoothness and integrability interact such as sobolev embedding and trace theorems as an application of our decomposition we prove optimal trace theorems in the variable indices case | [['in', 'this', 'article', 'we', 'introduce', 'triebellizorkin', 'spaces', 'with', 'variable', 'smoothness', 'and', 'integrability', 'our', 'new', 'scale', 'covers', 'spaces', 'with', 'variable', 'exponent', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'spaces', 'of', 'variable', 'smoothness', 'that', 'have', 'been', 'studied', 'in', 'recent', 'years', 'vectorvalued', 'maximal', 'inequalities', 'do', 'not', 'work', 'in', 'the', 'generality', 'which', 'we', 'pursue', 'and', 'an', 'alternate', 'approach', 'is', 'thus', 'developed', 'applying', 'it', 'we', 'give', 'molecular', 'and', 'atomic', 'decomposition', 'results', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'our', 'space', 'is', 'welldefined', 'ie', 'independent', 'of', 'the', 'choice', 'of', 'basis', 'functions', 'as', 'in', 'the', 'classical', 'case', 'a', 'unified', 'scale', 'of', 'spaces', 'permits', 'clearer', 'results', 'in', 'cases', 'where', 'smoothness', 'and', 'integrability', 'interact', 'such', 'as', 'sobolev', 'embedding', 'and', 'trace', 'theorems', 'as', 'an', 'application', 'of', 'our', 'decomposition', 'we', 'prove', 'optimal', 'trace', 'theorems', 'in', 'the', 'variable', 'indices', 'case']] | [-0.04313317669245104, 0.06921426726451803, -0.10576855188507277, 0.10755436747664741, -0.09468658512778347, -0.08663062277094771, 0.02190651879645884, 0.39493932280068594, -0.28436473763237397, -0.2419946698937565, 0.15177247662310644, -0.20600694693081703, -0.16816703968991836, 0.2042005646978699, -0.1228003360592993, 0.059209438824715716, 0.011279839490695547, -0.011657189100515098, -0.1050518399802968, -0.2739012756908778, 0.3923553515225649, -0.0032309558087339004, 0.24614840504170085, 0.04847686397843063, 0.10587374994453663, 0.04597043985268101, -0.0683105666791865, 0.005138313664413848, -0.16719572768064003, 0.13807329075061717, 0.26126569324793913, 0.10266594806689681, 0.2995277629544338, -0.37245440505600225, -0.23284132134382768, 0.1262047691619955, 0.16148168097327772, 0.029298327216141236, -0.024931404043066627, -0.25781108752513926, 0.04250042688411971, -0.1314128069304085, -0.16761918299404593, -0.15579000286428102, 0.01574523253366351, 0.05864619387624164, -0.3103444933037584, 0.08142266795087684, 0.11303913381319337, 0.0665005401019395, -0.12426584957089896, -0.10504938258090987, 0.036181174443724255, 0.09413418094239508, 0.051236408068022384, 0.06502936295194862, 0.0805305264152897, -0.07583654456151029, -0.14540825575434912, 0.32947789391037074, -0.0677951925958041, -0.25372117292135954, 0.18754984659220403, -0.13360046634916217, -0.20395814186582964, 0.021623727993573993, 0.1276292409825449, 0.15973238893784583, -0.07865867121921231, 0.13770405488418572, -0.0940896931293537, 0.12237326590887582, 0.08906775238768508, 0.12346716410247609, 0.06358664383684906, 0.1406428157739962, 0.1344799554043372, 0.1542520862654783, -0.029402518893281618, -0.09870553590202083, -0.3518569774925709, -0.2079882714121292, -0.17304429901220525, 0.06368362469183922, -0.13049074470691266, -0.1741872439587799, 0.3564273785838547, 0.1299398192684748, 0.1947585095030566, 0.08765286840546954, 0.2150364813938116, 0.09394418527178156, 0.05016927943409731, 0.04339119434201469, 0.20993731431663037, 0.15637176024029031, 0.10574324866756797, -0.08264431294131404, 0.03342238501548612, 0.1281572373971964] |
711.2355 | Volume limited dependent Galactic model parameters | We estimated 34 sets of Galactic model parameters for three intermediate
latitude fields with Galactic longitudes l=60, l=90, and l=180, and we
discussed their dependence on the volume. Also, we confirmed the variation of
these parameters with absolute magnitude and Galactic longitude. The star
samples in two fields are restricted with bright and unit absolute magnitude
intervals, (4,5], and (5,6], whereas for the third field a larger absolute
magnitude interval is adopted, (4,10]. The limiting apparent magnitudes of star
samples are g=15 and g=22.5 mag which provide space densities within distances
in the line of sight 0.9 and 25 kpc. The Galactic model parameters for the thin
disc are not volume dependent. However, the ones for thick disc and halo do
show spectacular trends in their variations with volume, except for the
scalelength of the thick disc. The local space density of the thick disc
increases, whereas the scaleheight of the same Galactic component decreases
monotonically. However, both model parameters approach asymptotic values at
large distances. The axial ratio of the halo increases abruptly for the volumes
where thick disc is dominant, whereas it approaches an asymptotic value
gradually for larger volumes, indicating a continuous transition from disclike
structure to a spherical one at the outermost region of the Galaxy. The
variation of the Galactic model parameters with absolute magnitude can be
explained by their dependence on the stellar luminosity, whereas the variation
with volume and Galactic longitude at short distances is a bias in analysis.
| astro-ph | we estimated 34 sets of galactic model parameters for three intermediate latitude fields with galactic longitudes l60 l90 and l180 and we discussed their dependence on the volume also we confirmed the variation of these parameters with absolute magnitude and galactic longitude the star samples in two fields are restricted with bright and unit absolute magnitude intervals 45 and 56 whereas for the third field a larger absolute magnitude interval is adopted 410 the limiting apparent magnitudes of star samples are g15 and g225 mag which provide space densities within distances in the line of sight 09 and 25 kpc the galactic model parameters for the thin disc are not volume dependent however the ones for thick disc and halo do show spectacular trends in their variations with volume except for the scalelength of the thick disc the local space density of the thick disc increases whereas the scaleheight of the same galactic component decreases monotonically however both model parameters approach asymptotic values at large distances the axial ratio of the halo increases abruptly for the volumes where thick disc is dominant whereas it approaches an asymptotic value gradually for larger volumes indicating a continuous transition from disclike structure to a spherical one at the outermost region of the galaxy the variation of the galactic model parameters with absolute magnitude can be explained by their dependence on the stellar luminosity whereas the variation with volume and galactic longitude at short distances is a bias in analysis | [['we', 'estimated', '34', 'sets', 'of', 'galactic', 'model', 'parameters', 'for', 'three', 'intermediate', 'latitude', 'fields', 'with', 'galactic', 'longitudes', 'l60', 'l90', 'and', 'l180', 'and', 'we', 'discussed', 'their', 'dependence', 'on', 'the', 'volume', 'also', 'we', 'confirmed', 'the', 'variation', 'of', 'these', 'parameters', 'with', 'absolute', 'magnitude', 'and', 'galactic', 'longitude', 'the', 'star', 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711.2356 | On a Random Matrix Models of Quantum Relaxation | Earlier two of us (J.L. and L.P.) considered a matrix model for a two-level
system interacting with a $n\times n$ reservoir and assuming that the
interaction is modelled by a random matrix. We presented there a formula for
the reduced density matrix in the limit $n\to \infty $ as well as several its
properties and asymptotic forms in various regimes. In this paper we give the
proofs of the assertions, and present also a new fact about the model.
| math-ph math.MP | earlier two of us jl and lp considered a matrix model for a twolevel system interacting with a ntimes n reservoir and assuming that the interaction is modelled by a random matrix we presented there a formula for the reduced density matrix in the limit nto infty as well as several its properties and asymptotic forms in various regimes in this paper we give the proofs of the assertions and present also a new fact about the model | [['earlier', 'two', 'of', 'us', 'jl', 'and', 'lp', 'considered', 'a', 'matrix', 'model', 'for', 'a', 'twolevel', 'system', 'interacting', 'with', 'a', 'ntimes', 'n', 'reservoir', 'and', 'assuming', 'that', 'the', 'interaction', 'is', 'modelled', 'by', 'a', 'random', 'matrix', 'we', 'presented', 'there', 'a', 'formula', 'for', 'the', 'reduced', 'density', 'matrix', 'in', 'the', 'limit', 'nto', 'infty', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'several', 'its', 'properties', 'and', 'asymptotic', 'forms', 'in', 'various', 'regimes', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'give', 'the', 'proofs', 'of', 'the', 'assertions', 'and', 'present', 'also', 'a', 'new', 'fact', 'about', 'the', 'model']] | [-0.11202218338999395, 0.09467490124277389, -0.0935949650951303, 0.06408450957865287, 0.031259081804026395, -0.1339634829141104, 0.06908174047622687, 0.323484136746862, -0.25610242498656494, -0.26648398011158675, 0.1188336739761349, -0.28176121256099296, -0.18424486201137114, 0.15299704135395586, -0.005341271905658336, 0.0642694762590019, 0.02956501683757569, 0.04688547800880116, -0.07340140423128524, -0.19616731229978493, 0.30999171690872085, 0.012842970548006587, 0.1938510700278223, 0.03597470874396654, 0.10275825675433645, 0.03532544366167619, 0.011139645211350841, 0.0009744822880468116, -0.1217532686995326, 0.09896073669183235, 0.23938508593337013, 0.114486619097312, 0.24684765877631995, -0.42935476884341395, -0.1850301236547052, 0.10432823317555281, 0.163311841011119, 0.07968845259016141, -0.044537545659412175, -0.2655986189925804, 0.05998425975513573, -0.2267221631243443, -0.16595386568671808, -0.03661834465366645, 0.05242200272205549, 0.02352856929288604, -0.31977147433476955, 0.03787575425984613, 0.14722372613136825, 0.023784985670294516, -0.046788445639555365, -0.1535996985547125, 0.06203174323159962, 0.09976297347710873, 0.02665973419490724, -0.025963257329586226, 0.06917946402413341, -0.08734925194846418, -0.06091911340496527, 0.34738570931725776, -0.11285934873964064, -0.2281663928491374, 0.19200976822190943, -0.11645853813761511, -0.1360868731012138, 0.049014523720894106, 0.11706223964500122, 0.13093917599568763, -0.1380531054828913, 0.14506440768794468, -0.10995631140376179, 0.14459970583900428, 0.024584795742367323, 0.04356816951304865, 0.1236369413896822, 0.15021416281039515, 0.05165699444329127, 0.17201892776080432, -0.0008153399118246176, -0.0975436126986423, -0.33422688232400477, -0.16417377247648218, -0.196668626071933, 0.08386893616392253, -0.12478581080377364, -0.16041113576517466, 0.37770349947878945, 0.14079919369079363, 0.2645726354840474, 0.09276875735033685, 0.2519324115740183, 0.14592117097121304, -0.008517345921017038, 0.05986013910613763, 0.17704226293911537, 0.21334446624267656, 0.09021632434227146, -0.16680379656967348, 0.04844561440106004, 0.0969650032900226] |
711.2357 | Quantum Wire as Open System | The faithful exchange of quantum information will soon become one of the
challenges of the emerging quantum information technology. One of the possible
solutions is to transfer a superposition through a chain of properly coupled
spins. Such a system is called a quantum wire. We discuss the transfer in a
quantum wire \cite{christ,niko1,niko2}, when the process of thermalization of
the state takes place together with the free evolution. We investigate which
encoding scheme is more faithful in certain thermal conditions.
| quant-ph | the faithful exchange of quantum information will soon become one of the challenges of the emerging quantum information technology one of the possible solutions is to transfer a superposition through a chain of properly coupled spins such a system is called a quantum wire we discuss the transfer in a quantum wire citechristniko1niko2 when the process of thermalization of the state takes place together with the free evolution we investigate which encoding scheme is more faithful in certain thermal conditions | [['the', 'faithful', 'exchange', 'of', 'quantum', 'information', 'will', 'soon', 'become', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'challenges', 'of', 'the', 'emerging', 'quantum', 'information', 'technology', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'possible', 'solutions', 'is', 'to', 'transfer', 'a', 'superposition', 'through', 'a', 'chain', 'of', 'properly', 'coupled', 'spins', 'such', 'a', 'system', 'is', 'called', 'a', 'quantum', 'wire', 'we', 'discuss', 'the', 'transfer', 'in', 'a', 'quantum', 'wire', 'citechristniko1niko2', 'when', 'the', 'process', 'of', 'thermalization', 'of', 'the', 'state', 'takes', 'place', 'together', 'with', 'the', 'free', 'evolution', 'we', 'investigate', 'which', 'encoding', 'scheme', 'is', 'more', 'faithful', 'in', 'certain', 'thermal', 'conditions']] | [-0.18117667198670392, 0.18644173024516977, -0.1002681205178835, 0.05594099583218918, -0.032741430578046016, -0.18166922863360635, 0.010089517818598808, 0.3360015081854749, -0.31819139366757265, -0.21477709524333477, 0.11890419951899425, -0.2809886063413718, -0.09343468118458986, 0.18913388386651686, -0.020678703926645125, 0.045612619623919076, 0.09866241978104168, 0.09988793139817499, -0.07168451691992415, -0.2125625949635913, 0.34803197951968967, 0.03267249338258105, 0.2998982369074527, 0.06545869396598655, 0.1495511053200764, 0.028368509012050454, 0.03528188999530069, -0.028507215324553508, -0.11010941523539869, 0.12316224479729522, 0.2290357860819071, 0.10420444753916958, 0.28951579920617465, -0.46668189026038104, -0.2255990747185542, 0.06939711352173664, 0.1304653404115499, 0.20895018105990476, -0.025106067557950338, -0.26140096349806724, 0.04946306473398699, -0.22160102269034596, -0.09237264848868304, -0.0320599134186212, -0.021068524003406114, -0.04125083996501716, -0.2555598485035987, 0.0019911857251125047, 0.08222866926527923, 0.001282926890527523, 0.0003425050291079509, 0.003600283001094196, -0.006710889472189961, 0.1733342226866568, -0.04479738786157893, 0.003453021123415873, 0.1295244138381338, -0.16271765889081208, -0.12130584507661907, 0.38365088061347036, -0.04592897096660601, -0.18174644960444183, 0.1617340918017339, -0.10888709329493061, -0.09086620406825331, 0.09629923105239868, 0.1123770838426544, 0.082615655546277, -0.15013768536696664, 0.06604532165676827, 0.018162300916317896, 0.15986643691511848, -0.017662080547100382, 0.09431832979279983, 0.25696915810149684, 0.19786298825240495, 0.08425828363876083, 0.18598194942585652, -0.07569201119668499, -0.17711470459508297, -0.2986471612666604, -0.26120127990983333, -0.19221813801699614, 0.11281289916803848, -0.03909734111349983, -0.1697371771346919, 0.39676864861223893, 0.1439988906211718, 0.18155590482527698, -0.03949933264056763, 0.2919890136469769, 0.13136378636795887, 0.06824052161713944, 0.055616356632849084, 0.19176914948967133, 0.17457870666904352, 0.07728790630928323, -0.23918860811810894, 0.044377106801854284, 0.02186169329134724] |
711.2358 | The renormalization of entanglement in the anisotropic Heisenberg (XXZ)
model | We have applied our recent approach (Kargarian, et.al Phys. Rev. A 76, 60304
(R) (2007)) to study the quantum information properties of the anisotropic
s=1/2 Heisenberg chain. We have investigated the underlying quantum information
properties like the evolution of concurrence, entanglement entropy, nonanalytic
behaviours and the scaling close to the quantum critical point of the model.
Both the concurrence and the entanglement entropy develop two saturated values
after enough iterations of the renormalization of coupling constants. This
values are associated with the two different phases, i.e Neel and spin liquid
phases. The nonanalytic behaviour comes from the divergence of the first
derivative of both measures of entanglement as the size of system becomes
large. The renormalization scheme demonstrates how the minimum value of the
first derivative and its position scales with an exponent of the system size.
It is shown that this exponent is directly related to the critical properties
of the model, i.e. the exponent governing the divergence of the correlation
length close to the quantum critical point. We also use a renormalization
method based on the quantum group concept in order to get more insight about
the critical properties of the model and the renormalization of entanglement.
| quant-ph | we have applied our recent approach kargarian etal phys rev a 76 60304 r 2007 to study the quantum information properties of the anisotropic s12 heisenberg chain we have investigated the underlying quantum information properties like the evolution of concurrence entanglement entropy nonanalytic behaviours and the scaling close to the quantum critical point of the model both the concurrence and the entanglement entropy develop two saturated values after enough iterations of the renormalization of coupling constants this values are associated with the two different phases ie neel and spin liquid phases the nonanalytic behaviour comes from the divergence of the first derivative of both measures of entanglement as the size of system becomes large the renormalization scheme demonstrates how the minimum value of the first derivative and its position scales with an exponent of the system size it is shown that this exponent is directly related to the critical properties of the model ie the exponent governing the divergence of the correlation length close to the quantum critical point we also use a renormalization method based on the quantum group concept in order to get more insight about the critical properties of the model and the renormalization of entanglement | [['we', 'have', 'applied', 'our', 'recent', 'approach', 'kargarian', 'etal', 'phys', 'rev', 'a', '76', '60304', 'r', '2007', 'to', 'study', 'the', 'quantum', 'information', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'anisotropic', 's12', 'heisenberg', 'chain', 'we', 'have', 'investigated', 'the', 'underlying', 'quantum', 'information', 'properties', 'like', 'the', 'evolution', 'of', 'concurrence', 'entanglement', 'entropy', 'nonanalytic', 'behaviours', 'and', 'the', 'scaling', 'close', 'to', 'the', 'quantum', 'critical', 'point', 'of', 'the', 'model', 'both', 'the', 'concurrence', 'and', 'the', 'entanglement', 'entropy', 'develop', 'two', 'saturated', 'values', 'after', 'enough', 'iterations', 'of', 'the', 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'concept', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'get', 'more', 'insight', 'about', 'the', 'critical', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'model', 'and', 'the', 'renormalization', 'of', 'entanglement']] | [-0.14710370461021546, 0.15860366725150393, -0.12422901095921732, 0.02874636149204095, -0.017574621970484004, -0.12368170101535955, 0.05587852766694794, 0.29879623404609484, -0.27021042371007997, -0.26020521172298694, 0.07582497233962214, -0.3250530341895401, -0.15224863777910996, 0.18042329208320243, 0.01525351017132061, 0.10991549031761107, -0.023011660872282565, 0.09215575703159731, -0.11988434634587448, -0.240039964892008, 0.32729094675186604, 0.062494305028050645, 0.3122179601967883, 0.09338266530007994, 0.07847268315656158, -0.008548376195340743, 0.035027310899860664, 0.019442340725475005, -0.1978622739141447, 0.09269999501030646, 0.18392565373158754, 0.050137625033328984, 0.2500812881602551, -0.35261694869017085, -0.20210775055539637, 0.08349955571711366, 0.08304826808185671, 0.12085064452822288, 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711.2359 | B meson spectroscopy | We study the $B$ meson spectroscopy allowing the mixture of conventional $P$
wave quark-antiquark states and four-quark components. A similar picture was
used to describe the new $D_J$ and $D_{sJ}$ open charm mesons. The four-quark
components shift the masses of some positive parity $B_{sJ}$ states below their
corresponding isospin preserving two-meson threshold and therefore they are
expected to be narrow. Electromagnetic decay widths are analyzed.
| hep-ph hep-ex | we study the b meson spectroscopy allowing the mixture of conventional p wave quarkantiquark states and fourquark components a similar picture was used to describe the new d_j and d_sj open charm mesons the fourquark components shift the masses of some positive parity b_sj states below their corresponding isospin preserving twomeson threshold and therefore they are expected to be narrow electromagnetic decay widths are analyzed | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'b', 'meson', 'spectroscopy', 'allowing', 'the', 'mixture', 'of', 'conventional', 'p', 'wave', 'quarkantiquark', 'states', 'and', 'fourquark', 'components', 'a', 'similar', 'picture', 'was', 'used', 'to', 'describe', 'the', 'new', 'd_j', 'and', 'd_sj', 'open', 'charm', 'mesons', 'the', 'fourquark', 'components', 'shift', 'the', 'masses', 'of', 'some', 'positive', 'parity', 'b_sj', 'states', 'below', 'their', 'corresponding', 'isospin', 'preserving', 'twomeson', 'threshold', 'and', 'therefore', 'they', 'are', 'expected', 'to', 'be', 'narrow', 'electromagnetic', 'decay', 'widths', 'are', 'analyzed']] | [-0.11737168226391077, 0.3020469550240355, -0.061291230659788615, 0.1706625627550798, -0.07004102538697994, -0.18408009179939444, 0.08728577642200085, 0.36746030925558165, -0.19274352462245867, -0.1935763172769489, -0.0472541690338403, -0.3415200206522758, 0.026145909268122453, 0.04153000480280473, 0.1074138451510897, 0.13776969637345665, 0.02259018810179371, 0.050326905628809565, -0.05395734712409859, -0.1639191827092033, 0.34600600835222467, -0.08183424399735836, 0.16816375289972013, 0.17132125826946532, -0.06402861846324343, -0.030653806367459204, -0.023998230208571142, -0.09499396467939593, -0.10499963805509302, 0.05097681030881806, 0.2264482375807487, 0.1043524495469263, 0.12755351525086622, -0.33118256432935594, -0.09745184803524842, 0.1359337331297306, 0.17507409982096692, 0.12353725439797227, 0.025846977445941704, -0.39506670952989503, 0.12186072344103685, -0.15855451815833266, -0.18891318925083256, -0.14652780214181313, 0.04035357354352107, -0.03450013185994556, -0.2862477071583271, 0.07119671502508797, -0.03375867350170245, 0.02032855379466827, -0.07488509301955883, -0.29056484727188947, -0.04076440118683072, 0.06636977237291061, 0.0545854588970542, 0.06866020099439013, 0.18181874056418354, -0.11647168187368012, -0.12160706050120867, 0.3805788371138848, -0.057894172275868745, -0.18684036462352827, 0.17514975283008355, -0.12735768675517578, -0.08119749282128536, 0.14747898153101022, 0.1902929251583723, 0.07453530117726097, -0.16957275689078066, 0.067380663989864, -0.05358933481150486, 0.1675101769568685, 0.12523335710955927, 0.16622829012429485, 0.2037552580353804, 0.08472756829399329, -0.04656449839530978, 0.06152055963264921, -0.050409592365702756, -0.07883878333064226, -0.35443022107848754, -0.11147498983459977, -0.07271752378616769, 0.07888325213414366, 0.004707445153214324, -0.10379278062341304, 0.4043136678636074, -0.007495424896478653, 0.2391178627140247, -0.0009925605156100713, 0.2826272185748586, 0.12832623321849565, 0.07014036839201043, 0.09761881758100711, 0.2647141858026421, 0.2781648681499064, 0.1164248967014898, -0.3128590286637728, -0.0016711319868381207, 0.01223600750359205] |
711.236 | Every longest circuit of a 3-connected, $K_{3,3}$-minor free graph has a
chord | Carsten Thomassen conjectured that every longest circuit in a 3-connected
graph has a chord. We prove the conjecture for graphs having no $K_{3,3}$
minor, and consequently for planar graphs.
| math.CO | carsten thomassen conjectured that every longest circuit in a 3connected graph has a chord we prove the conjecture for graphs having no k_33 minor and consequently for planar graphs | [['carsten', 'thomassen', 'conjectured', 'that', 'every', 'longest', 'circuit', 'in', 'a', '3connected', 'graph', 'has', 'a', 'chord', 'we', 'prove', 'the', 'conjecture', 'for', 'graphs', 'having', 'no', 'k_33', 'minor', 'and', 'consequently', 'for', 'planar', 'graphs']] | [-0.2620400711251744, 0.11000683264614179, -0.055531430507785286, 0.02602982232025985, -0.09212487672680411, -0.20835532925637631, 0.013761489515610296, 0.44804157213918094, -0.18819029590693012, -0.29146227709435185, 0.08221777295292323, -0.31418958833794397, -0.21687804893911655, 0.15339728496197996, -0.15951861601708264, 0.041724133401595316, 0.23726254682345638, 0.07779432775388503, 0.09943622717601729, -0.26179316767254557, 0.1896853669675003, -0.14938122534257328, 0.08255487301483236, 0.1920728096417312, 0.10410101308260547, 0.10878835877018242, 0.0594537668652704, 0.10122880195106926, -0.1900015212688294, 0.015992750301314838, 0.2851078050403759, 0.16861426636801455, 0.18761903009024158, -0.38568175495260976, -0.16248453036753524, 0.29670495475674497, 0.10745794957118301, 0.11132068890307484, -0.021209212381328488, -0.14640263808441573, 0.15296144247183513, -0.09051744389379847, -0.1325010897206335, 0.08908361106597144, 0.22464425405808564, -0.08575099656872194, -0.19012386197673864, -0.08617755605293245, 0.28075881206013004, 0.07599187089965262, 0.14522211356409664, -0.15213041441065484, -0.11026120722165396, 0.10941066508630998, -0.1590950913598825, 0.13637371488108202, -0.07293613225518694, -0.08486504001735613, -0.2992717386062803, 0.3355597088049198, -0.0012846631479674373, -0.09968131472324503, 0.040649684451135065, -0.12623884265937296, -0.3541323086567994, 0.1247884180268337, -0.011402426544448426, 0.08718541174613197, -0.06580334538915034, 0.1705178987086301, -0.23038187815711417, 0.15055844714415484, 0.2904855977615406, -0.0865172362958627, 0.13240904168322168, 0.07657237248174076, 0.20288274880370188, 0.2201816324156645, 0.1064324082389217, 0.08332634445857899, -0.19627001634317226, -0.14323349382150277, -0.25195129048721543, 0.09112135115368612, -0.25695457047700543, -0.3137341308696517, 0.3825193904340267, 0.04729886359438814, 0.08078426090550833, 0.2309277454904955, 0.15761160041237698, -0.0013977666064326104, 0.10259176617295578, 0.29975233933535117, 0.1507346531504701, 0.264202437588367, -0.04143416022897923, -0.06926038822737234, 0.13185403458192013, 0.22558103331589494] |
711.2361 | Reflection symmetry instability at high spins in 162,164Yb | A shape evolution of 162,164Yb in yrast states is traced using the
self-consistent Skyrme Hartree-Fock calculations. We found that nonaxial
octupole deformations (in particular, Y_{31} term) become favorable at large
rotational frequencies (> 0.4 MeV) in 162Yb, while in 164Yb a nonaxial
quadrupole shape is dominant at fast rotation. The cranked Nilsson model and
random phase approximation are used to understand the dynamics of octupole
correlations in both nuclei. We demonstrate that the disappearance of one of
the octupole vibrational modes in the rotating frame gives rise to the nonaxial
octupole deformations in 162Yb, while the octupole modes are nonzero in 164Yb.
| nucl-th nucl-ex | a shape evolution of 162164yb in yrast states is traced using the selfconsistent skyrme hartreefock calculations we found that nonaxial octupole deformations in particular y_31 term become favorable at large rotational frequencies 04 mev in 162yb while in 164yb a nonaxial quadrupole shape is dominant at fast rotation the cranked nilsson model and random phase approximation are used to understand the dynamics of octupole correlations in both nuclei we demonstrate that the disappearance of one of the octupole vibrational modes in the rotating frame gives rise to the nonaxial octupole deformations in 162yb while the octupole modes are nonzero in 164yb | [['a', 'shape', 'evolution', 'of', '162164yb', 'in', 'yrast', 'states', 'is', 'traced', 'using', 'the', 'selfconsistent', 'skyrme', 'hartreefock', 'calculations', 'we', 'found', 'that', 'nonaxial', 'octupole', 'deformations', 'in', 'particular', 'y_31', 'term', 'become', 'favorable', 'at', 'large', 'rotational', 'frequencies', '04', 'mev', 'in', '162yb', 'while', 'in', '164yb', 'a', 'nonaxial', 'quadrupole', 'shape', 'is', 'dominant', 'at', 'fast', 'rotation', 'the', 'cranked', 'nilsson', 'model', 'and', 'random', 'phase', 'approximation', 'are', 'used', 'to', 'understand', 'the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'octupole', 'correlations', 'in', 'both', 'nuclei', 'we', 'demonstrate', 'that', 'the', 'disappearance', 'of', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'octupole', 'vibrational', 'modes', 'in', 'the', 'rotating', 'frame', 'gives', 'rise', 'to', 'the', 'nonaxial', 'octupole', 'deformations', 'in', '162yb', 'while', 'the', 'octupole', 'modes', 'are', 'nonzero', 'in', '164yb']] | [-0.14508035267251976, 0.21304895611211044, -0.05454979189035492, 0.1273080604558945, 0.010691883727444873, -0.08192836480772066, -0.03135173114919171, 0.37839841541171687, -0.1555628101869496, -0.22504009068319478, -0.06939242284783383, -0.27981249027952704, -0.08449314091085773, 0.09360856866732854, 0.028369316533591944, -0.0030624330351033163, 0.007824816216580262, 0.02478674636942517, -0.11029660727195058, -0.11089016428486127, 0.23001856564246503, 0.10178587174753553, 0.257451402436289, 0.004778853127944101, 0.005742366826545792, -0.027149473821033828, 0.08707265087316945, -0.041562345762228226, -0.12081132081325871, 0.039103084327245, 0.270429770363802, -0.023967398119341468, 0.1983727861637461, -0.441715905154796, -0.12838898024032103, 0.051741578282557966, 0.1770077591915567, 0.2449140276366211, -0.02495818998971858, -0.2875976443924394, 0.024091132388440604, -0.22038424737060192, -0.21331836308170224, -0.20747361597172992, 0.07687514093848541, 0.054928860841943046, -0.23705858958059364, 0.14799002861392865, 0.08091880421432637, 0.09751586450109938, -0.17422813766626352, -0.17389190914205363, -0.08507203716381463, 0.03468576242868817, 0.10544776501129237, 0.045664112150822715, 0.1436835226804479, -0.075202606349569, -0.03885680658877203, 0.4304897478714432, -0.022127221540077447, -0.1719906325211998, 0.0589205166613011, -0.2132786896257402, -0.16395234879221499, 0.20759600868506223, 0.1547492987946751, 0.10727791850138263, -0.0645972998336032, 0.07503126544779473, 0.0684326149369638, 0.1661432724945324, 0.09342957250581882, 0.03219779039320258, 0.23837727025996164, 0.1199113313833578, -0.011794193398169022, 0.11180203281266173, -0.1774402638830091, -0.13780946836605207, -0.2887902616873652, 0.0008065222964151619, -0.1687412011609941, -0.016175679776087862, -0.053316324555462695, -0.1499253096366205, 0.44710669705893885, 0.017126325225054296, 0.17326034522932215, -0.048297249510423426, 0.23377762688563886, 0.05455666037333995, 0.07738906296675775, 0.05610035045898145, 0.40431478645498914, 0.21721433969118545, 0.027435145528084532, -0.3361088796854787, 0.006646654256571506, 0.03670088479357781] |
711.2362 | How binary interactions affect spectral stellar population synthesis | Single-star stellar population (ssSSP) models are usually used for stellar
population studies. However, more than 50% of stars are in binaries and evolve
differently from single stars. This suggests that the effects of binary
interactions should be considered when modeling the stellar populations of
galaxies and star clusters. Via a rapid spectral stellar population synthesis
(RPS) model, we give detailed studies of the effects of binary interactions on
the Lick indices and colours of stellar populations, and on the determination
of the stellar ages and metallicities of populations.
The results show that binary interactions make stellar populations less
luminous, bluer, with larger age-sensitive Lick index (Hbeta) and less
metallicity-sensitive indices (e.g., Mgb, Fe5270 and Fe5335) compared to
ssSSPs. It also shows that when ssSSP models are used to determine the ages and
metallicities of stellar populations, lower ages or metallicities will be
obtained, taking two line indices (Hbeta and [MgFe]) and two colours (e.g., u-R
and R-K), respectively. Some relations for linking the stellar-population
parameters obtained by ssSSPs to those obtained by binary-star stellar
populations (bsSSPs) are presented in the work. This can help us to get some
absolute values for stellar-population parameters and is useful for absolute
studies. However, it is found that the relative luminosity-weighted stellar
ages and metallicities obtained via ssSSPs and bsSSPs are similar. This
suggests that ssSSPs can be used for most stellar population studies, except in
some special cases.
| astro-ph | singlestar stellar population ssssp models are usually used for stellar population studies however more than 50 of stars are in binaries and evolve differently from single stars this suggests that the effects of binary interactions should be considered when modeling the stellar populations of galaxies and star clusters via a rapid spectral stellar population synthesis rps model we give detailed studies of the effects of binary interactions on the lick indices and colours of stellar populations and on the determination of the stellar ages and metallicities of populations the results show that binary interactions make stellar populations less luminous bluer with larger agesensitive lick index hbeta and less metallicitysensitive indices eg mgb fe5270 and fe5335 compared to ssssps it also shows that when ssssp models are used to determine the ages and metallicities of stellar populations lower ages or metallicities will be obtained taking two line indices hbeta and mgfe and two colours eg ur and rk respectively some relations for linking the stellarpopulation parameters obtained by ssssps to those obtained by binarystar stellar populations bsssps are presented in the work this can help us to get some absolute values for stellarpopulation parameters and is useful for absolute studies however it is found that the relative luminosityweighted stellar ages and metallicities obtained via ssssps and bsssps are similar this suggests that ssssps can be used for most stellar population studies except in some special cases | [['singlestar', 'stellar', 'population', 'ssssp', 'models', 'are', 'usually', 'used', 'for', 'stellar', 'population', 'studies', 'however', 'more', 'than', '50', 'of', 'stars', 'are', 'in', 'binaries', 'and', 'evolve', 'differently', 'from', 'single', 'stars', 'this', 'suggests', 'that', 'the', 'effects', 'of', 'binary', 'interactions', 'should', 'be', 'considered', 'when', 'modeling', 'the', 'stellar', 'populations', 'of', 'galaxies', 'and', 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711.2363 | Fluorine in R Coronae Borealis Stars | Neutral fluorine (F I) lines are identified in the optical spectra of several
R Coronae Borealis stars (RCBs) at maximum light. These lines provide the first
measurement of the fluorine abundance in these stars. Fluorine is enriched in
some RCBs by factors of 800 to 8000 relative to its likely initial abundance.
The overabundances of fluorine are evidence for the synthesis of fluorine.
These results are discussed in the light of the scenario that RCBs are formed
by accretion of an He white dwarf by a C-O white dwarf. Sakurai's object (V4334
Sgr), a final He-shell flash product, shows no detectable F I lines.
| astro-ph | neutral fluorine f i lines are identified in the optical spectra of several r coronae borealis stars rcbs at maximum light these lines provide the first measurement of the fluorine abundance in these stars fluorine is enriched in some rcbs by factors of 800 to 8000 relative to its likely initial abundance the overabundances of fluorine are evidence for the synthesis of fluorine these results are discussed in the light of the scenario that rcbs are formed by accretion of an he white dwarf by a co white dwarf sakurais object v4334 sgr a final heshell flash product shows no detectable f i lines | [['neutral', 'fluorine', 'f', 'i', 'lines', 'are', 'identified', 'in', 'the', 'optical', 'spectra', 'of', 'several', 'r', 'coronae', 'borealis', 'stars', 'rcbs', 'at', 'maximum', 'light', 'these', 'lines', 'provide', 'the', 'first', 'measurement', 'of', 'the', 'fluorine', 'abundance', 'in', 'these', 'stars', 'fluorine', 'is', 'enriched', 'in', 'some', 'rcbs', 'by', 'factors', 'of', '800', 'to', '8000', 'relative', 'to', 'its', 'likely', 'initial', 'abundance', 'the', 'overabundances', 'of', 'fluorine', 'are', 'evidence', 'for', 'the', 'synthesis', 'of', 'fluorine', 'these', 'results', 'are', 'discussed', 'in', 'the', 'light', 'of', 'the', 'scenario', 'that', 'rcbs', 'are', 'formed', 'by', 'accretion', 'of', 'an', 'he', 'white', 'dwarf', 'by', 'a', 'co', 'white', 'dwarf', 'sakurais', 'object', 'v4334', 'sgr', 'a', 'final', 'heshell', 'flash', 'product', 'shows', 'no', 'detectable', 'f', 'i', 'lines']] | [-0.06577810663461256, 0.13999548782451782, 0.007763512938534125, 0.05777653335602596, -0.03296650946811916, -0.10273530627511299, 0.11973153167547515, 0.44755150431480545, -0.15980297365548232, -0.32533477681975526, 0.00034944909342672105, -0.36156236931072694, 0.03282262454740703, 0.16431973181450024, -0.08573856577277184, -0.08188282537482267, 0.10943089924806443, -0.04638482087886167, -0.03313180445827758, -0.31620743879018565, 0.29428334900876507, 0.03961981963948347, 0.09734339192912628, -0.04603624706550573, -0.06889380854912676, -0.20009490836393803, -0.05926034407457337, -0.06634332330969091, -0.1341105648521429, 0.051831917658161655, 0.2604014518527457, 0.17506928355970347, 0.17348700452398938, -0.3553574603283778, -0.21793162699144047, 0.025223625985045846, 0.1677840570751309, 0.03623506151891958, -0.15415897018437347, -0.25146415608469397, 0.1045254706673754, -0.18494261094691375, -0.1711167952251764, 0.08948810854389404, 0.0842698563176852, 0.07364170543643503, -0.24511182509685078, 0.055000527085772216, 0.09770725251634688, 0.12565788366191555, -0.10182970636098897, -0.19273319844908726, -0.10971304542349222, 0.006276077846100984, 0.02083170420015589, -0.0022149956919467794, 0.18010434155495694, -0.09803482279396401, 0.03919178121185933, 0.39420190750052614, -0.1785205519811895, 0.06675529459607787, 0.20400095894896927, -0.19075007058955423, -0.2091383770860445, 0.19898574433038727, 0.0709005727526696, 0.20037645203634524, -0.1694909924766622, 0.009107439031000607, -0.03656476384136253, 0.15175334928342357, 0.08713870898086148, 0.07296912685426203, 0.36166654017198685, 0.11158595194305795, -0.026982087521061588, 0.04535636370453106, -0.21421955197225684, 0.01456092380417081, -0.22873739120908654, -0.18476707385315633, -0.07587739374139346, 0.08125523019967099, -0.1169513784317622, -0.13627042439587128, 0.3162056299356314, 0.060650511053749, 0.21562315623920697, -0.1103446392270808, 0.2884706324503685, 0.06035850170659474, 0.05952881563168306, 0.10927919453780095, 0.3114319820320256, 0.24164543054380025, 0.08633696047875744, -0.2374524039690956, 0.15134417112970439, 0.011084363108518748] |
711.2364 | Randomness in infinitesimal extent in the McLerran-Venugopalan model | We study discrepancy between the analytical definition and the numerical
implementation of the McLerran-Venugopalan (MV) model. The infinitesimal extent
of a fast-moving nucleus should retain longitudinal randomness in the color
source distribution even when the longitudinal extent approximates zero due to
the Lorentz contraction, which is properly taken into account in the analytical
treatment. We point out that the longitudinal randomness is lost in numerical
simulations because of lack of the path-ordering of the Wilson line along the
longitudinal direction. We quantitatively investigate how much the results with
and without longitudinal randomness differ from each other. We finally mention
that the discrepancy could be absorbed in a choice of the model parameter in
the physical unit, and nevertheless, it is important for a full theory
approach.
| hep-ph | we study discrepancy between the analytical definition and the numerical implementation of the mclerranvenugopalan mv model the infinitesimal extent of a fastmoving nucleus should retain longitudinal randomness in the color source distribution even when the longitudinal extent approximates zero due to the lorentz contraction which is properly taken into account in the analytical treatment we point out that the longitudinal randomness is lost in numerical simulations because of lack of the pathordering of the wilson line along the longitudinal direction we quantitatively investigate how much the results with and without longitudinal randomness differ from each other we finally mention that the discrepancy could be absorbed in a choice of the model parameter in the physical unit and nevertheless it is important for a full theory approach | [['we', 'study', 'discrepancy', 'between', 'the', 'analytical', 'definition', 'and', 'the', 'numerical', 'implementation', 'of', 'the', 'mclerranvenugopalan', 'mv', 'model', 'the', 'infinitesimal', 'extent', 'of', 'a', 'fastmoving', 'nucleus', 'should', 'retain', 'longitudinal', 'randomness', 'in', 'the', 'color', 'source', 'distribution', 'even', 'when', 'the', 'longitudinal', 'extent', 'approximates', 'zero', 'due', 'to', 'the', 'lorentz', 'contraction', 'which', 'is', 'properly', 'taken', 'into', 'account', 'in', 'the', 'analytical', 'treatment', 'we', 'point', 'out', 'that', 'the', 'longitudinal', 'randomness', 'is', 'lost', 'in', 'numerical', 'simulations', 'because', 'of', 'lack', 'of', 'the', 'pathordering', 'of', 'the', 'wilson', 'line', 'along', 'the', 'longitudinal', 'direction', 'we', 'quantitatively', 'investigate', 'how', 'much', 'the', 'results', 'with', 'and', 'without', 'longitudinal', 'randomness', 'differ', 'from', 'each', 'other', 'we', 'finally', 'mention', 'that', 'the', 'discrepancy', 'could', 'be', 'absorbed', 'in', 'a', 'choice', 'of', 'the', 'model', 'parameter', 'in', 'the', 'physical', 'unit', 'and', 'nevertheless', 'it', 'is', 'important', 'for', 'a', 'full', 'theory', 'approach']] | [-0.07953326552733779, 0.11706074345484375, -0.11084035436436535, 0.09757856478448958, -0.06970853587239981, -0.0929819592088461, 0.057120625304989514, 0.410871800288558, -0.25683551477640865, -0.2654673942774534, 0.08006890176516027, -0.26184915845841167, -0.1056256519537419, 0.15987300914153457, -0.04403857350535691, 0.001963196776807308, 0.049323866835795344, 0.02571025885269046, -0.05112316260393709, -0.20112087521888317, 0.2912755064703524, 0.06487043705955148, 0.29905814911425116, 0.09504385986278066, 0.07892754005640745, 0.027326751347631215, -0.0644063472300768, 0.06080961501598358, -0.09506201775802765, 0.0947135198507458, 0.17470357748493553, 0.09049607051163912, 0.266673631161917, -0.4196151146441698, -0.21635523795336484, 0.07839766943082213, 0.14951914937794208, 0.15001953026931733, -0.0063934697136282925, -0.21803586050122975, 0.06394938008487225, -0.16411769145727156, -0.1796214714050293, -0.043641379982233046, 0.010231589226052166, -0.0012042410373687745, -0.24639486553519965, 0.1022766385525465, 0.06929392844438553, 0.05443294781073928, -0.05854152893275023, -0.09227475198544562, -0.03761347455531359, 0.15044387469463982, 0.09928116131946445, 0.049176177507266404, 0.1121383736860007, -0.13555719250068068, -0.0679337673750706, 0.40199200972169635, -0.033151957930531356, -0.2371738535761833, 0.12899192562140524, -0.2012382401470095, -0.1061341264769435, 0.114282683129597, 0.15235519277863205, 0.053201040873071176, -0.13014421215897892, 0.061074551407713444, -0.04375952593563125, 0.1580546538096387, 0.03063893739692867, 0.013309550696983934, 0.2144877524310723, 0.1138839763533324, -0.005905025362968445, 0.15087297380855308, -0.10467455549910665, -0.13936198928579688, -0.3461156324222684, -0.13942815997451544, -0.15652981577813627, 0.06366749443113803, -0.10681736945325974, -0.12651062335819005, 0.3924882892593741, 0.22038517272478203, 0.20681283831968902, 0.0016517148176208138, 0.30918627955019473, 0.10815135238878429, 0.07811639604717494, 0.05358655077219009, 0.25293234042823315, 0.13700367095507682, 0.07428928162530064, -0.2581327705103904, 0.09151078052073718, 0.03076912008225918] |
711.2365 | Interstellar 12C/13C from CH+ absorption lines: Results from an extended
survey | The 12C/13C isotope ratio in the interstellar medium (ISM), and its evolution
with time, is an important tracer of stellar yields. Spatial variations of this
ratio can be used to study mixing in the ISM. We want to determine this ratio
and its spatial variations in the local ISM from CH+ absorption lines in the
optical towards early-type stars. The aim is to determine the average value for
the local ISM and study possible spatial variations. We observed a large number
of early-type stars with Feros to extend the sample of suitable target stars
for CH+ isotope studies. The best suited targets were observed with Uves with
higher signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution to determine the isotope
ratio from the interstellar CH+ lines. This study significantly expands the
number of 13CH+ detections. We find an average ratio of <R> = 76.27 +- 1.94 or,
for f = 1/R, <f> = (120.46 +- 3.02) 10^{-4}. The scatter in f is 6.3
sigma(<f>). This findings strengthens the case for chemical inhomogeneity in
the local ISM, with important implications for the mixing in the ISM. Given the
large scatter, the present-day value in the ISM is not significantly larger
than the solar value, which corresponds to the local value 4.5 Gyr ago.
| astro-ph | the 12c13c isotope ratio in the interstellar medium ism and its evolution with time is an important tracer of stellar yields spatial variations of this ratio can be used to study mixing in the ism we want to determine this ratio and its spatial variations in the local ism from ch absorption lines in the optical towards earlytype stars the aim is to determine the average value for the local ism and study possible spatial variations we observed a large number of earlytype stars with feros to extend the sample of suitable target stars for ch isotope studies the best suited targets were observed with uves with higher signaltonoise ratio and spectral resolution to determine the isotope ratio from the interstellar ch lines this study significantly expands the number of 13ch detections we find an average ratio of r 7627 194 or for f 1r f 12046 302 104 the scatter in f is 63 sigmaf this findings strengthens the case for chemical inhomogeneity in the local ism with important implications for the mixing in the ism given the large scatter the presentday value in the ism is not significantly larger than the solar value which corresponds to the local value 45 gyr ago | [['the', '12c13c', 'isotope', 'ratio', 'in', 'the', 'interstellar', 'medium', 'ism', 'and', 'its', 'evolution', 'with', 'time', 'is', 'an', 'important', 'tracer', 'of', 'stellar', 'yields', 'spatial', 'variations', 'of', 'this', 'ratio', 'can', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'study', 'mixing', 'in', 'the', 'ism', 'we', 'want', 'to', 'determine', 'this', 'ratio', 'and', 'its', 'spatial', 'variations', 'in', 'the', 'local', 'ism', 'from', 'ch', 'absorption', 'lines', 'in', 'the', 'optical', 'towards', 'earlytype', 'stars', 'the', 'aim', 'is', 'to', 'determine', 'the', 'average', 'value', 'for', 'the', 'local', 'ism', 'and', 'study', 'possible', 'spatial', 'variations', 'we', 'observed', 'a', 'large', 'number', 'of', 'earlytype', 'stars', 'with', 'feros', 'to', 'extend', 'the', 'sample', 'of', 'suitable', 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711.2366 | Forced Convex Mean Curvature Flow in Euclidean Spaces | In this paper, we consider the mean curvature flow of convex hypersurfaces in
Euclidean spaces with a general forcing term. We show that the flow may shrink
to a point in finite time if the forcing term is small, or exist for all times
and expand to infinity if the forcing term is large enough. The flow can also
converge to a round sphere for some special forcing term and initial
hypersurface. Furthermore, the normalization of the flow is carried out so that
long time existence and convergence of the rescaled flow are studied. Our work
extends Huisken's well-known mean curvature flow and McCoy's mixed volume
preserving mean curvature flow.
| math.DG math.AP | in this paper we consider the mean curvature flow of convex hypersurfaces in euclidean spaces with a general forcing term we show that the flow may shrink to a point in finite time if the forcing term is small or exist for all times and expand to infinity if the forcing term is large enough the flow can also converge to a round sphere for some special forcing term and initial hypersurface furthermore the normalization of the flow is carried out so that long time existence and convergence of the rescaled flow are studied our work extends huiskens wellknown mean curvature flow and mccoys mixed volume preserving mean curvature flow | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'consider', 'the', 'mean', 'curvature', 'flow', 'of', 'convex', 'hypersurfaces', 'in', 'euclidean', 'spaces', 'with', 'a', 'general', 'forcing', 'term', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'flow', 'may', 'shrink', 'to', 'a', 'point', 'in', 'finite', 'time', 'if', 'the', 'forcing', 'term', 'is', 'small', 'or', 'exist', 'for', 'all', 'times', 'and', 'expand', 'to', 'infinity', 'if', 'the', 'forcing', 'term', 'is', 'large', 'enough', 'the', 'flow', 'can', 'also', 'converge', 'to', 'a', 'round', 'sphere', 'for', 'some', 'special', 'forcing', 'term', 'and', 'initial', 'hypersurface', 'furthermore', 'the', 'normalization', 'of', 'the', 'flow', 'is', 'carried', 'out', 'so', 'that', 'long', 'time', 'existence', 'and', 'convergence', 'of', 'the', 'rescaled', 'flow', 'are', 'studied', 'our', 'work', 'extends', 'huiskens', 'wellknown', 'mean', 'curvature', 'flow', 'and', 'mccoys', 'mixed', 'volume', 'preserving', 'mean', 'curvature', 'flow']] | [-0.18058623202483762, 0.133152756056833, -0.11750709406015548, 0.057534693403762174, -0.07202494999139823, -0.12447643984871154, -0.03224222433299556, 0.3295532421801578, -0.3259523019321601, -0.18525468088178473, 0.16913782972948288, -0.2820114877096123, -0.12167294743174517, 0.12891028109218247, -0.12650033572519367, 0.05549142612144351, 0.08175203017043796, 0.06983210992766545, -0.04821521448902786, -0.27886429308617317, 0.3456060862835412, 0.005560315950688991, 0.22164838336916132, 0.10592338743471456, 0.1271764356542421, -0.03529392840679396, -0.012766410389237783, 0.1281922871649096, -0.19227334275823194, 0.045684456317262215, 0.16111919258043847, 0.06588738811287013, 0.2960989388891242, -0.4057767163792794, -0.26553042685105044, 0.16667630735107444, 0.13851667803669857, 0.07699731121009046, 0.005015049752017314, -0.19606496151536704, 0.12007631571243771, -0.11317372794305398, -0.1524720252449201, -0.09203076539984481, 0.03980380709875714, 0.04834602134810253, -0.2629700787825806, 0.1040219635964604, 0.12713106910867447, 0.05423034546388821, -0.07500677451237359, -0.07067835586547683, -0.040446189221587374, 0.13047490220051258, 0.1333105673431419, 0.08203353993171318, 0.07968999180858108, -0.08877001931171187, -0.0028701882216740737, 0.3684310095892711, -0.13827011024748737, -0.27283364939080046, 0.137807034464045, -0.16097565599166871, -0.08341340057297864, 0.11601619139334864, 0.19325283249755473, 0.15677475958893244, -0.0815391779453917, 0.1040196638871831, -0.05893366474827582, 0.12320974589965772, 0.11859608535993506, -0.041733701325508514, 0.13189334803133865, 0.10629263272170317, 0.19072178791023114, 0.1439272047099869, -0.0793832171285017, -0.15051912428885275, -0.3791528300837275, -0.15714593069119887, -0.16865736788075247, 0.09563523876819421, -0.1258729938327716, -0.1877906802110374, 0.35873292759907516, 0.0821588788911785, 0.20194423349828206, 0.15542815902947701, 0.2841153069399297, 0.10037216691998765, 0.06063301139934497, 0.17245218709365212, 0.24002568407370498, 0.12148230074142868, 0.10811761852607808, -0.18984451085614804, -0.0014619591434232213, 0.10205606603571638] |
711.2367 | An X-ray View of Radio Millisecond Pulsars | In recent years, X-ray observations with Chandra and XMM-Newton have
significantly increased our understanding of rotation-powered (radio)
millisecond pulsars (MSPs). Deep Chandra studies of several globular clusters
have detected X-ray counterparts to a host of MSPs, including 19 in 47 Tuc
alone. These surveys have revealed that most MSPs exhibit thermal emission from
their heated magnetic polar caps. Realistic models of this thermal X-ray
emission have provided important insight into the basic physics of pulsars and
neutron stars. In addition, intrabinary shock X-ray radiation observed in
``black-widow'' and peculiar globular cluster ``exchanged'' binary MSPs give
interesting insight into MSP winds and relativistic shock. Thus, the X-ray band
contains valuable information regarding the basic properties of MSPs that are
not accesible by radio timing observations.
| astro-ph | in recent years xray observations with chandra and xmmnewton have significantly increased our understanding of rotationpowered radio millisecond pulsars msps deep chandra studies of several globular clusters have detected xray counterparts to a host of msps including 19 in 47 tuc alone these surveys have revealed that most msps exhibit thermal emission from their heated magnetic polar caps realistic models of this thermal xray emission have provided important insight into the basic physics of pulsars and neutron stars in addition intrabinary shock xray radiation observed in blackwidow and peculiar globular cluster exchanged binary msps give interesting insight into msp winds and relativistic shock thus the xray band contains valuable information regarding the basic properties of msps that are not accesible by radio timing observations | [['in', 'recent', 'years', 'xray', 'observations', 'with', 'chandra', 'and', 'xmmnewton', 'have', 'significantly', 'increased', 'our', 'understanding', 'of', 'rotationpowered', 'radio', 'millisecond', 'pulsars', 'msps', 'deep', 'chandra', 'studies', 'of', 'several', 'globular', 'clusters', 'have', 'detected', 'xray', 'counterparts', 'to', 'a', 'host', 'of', 'msps', 'including', '19', 'in', '47', 'tuc', 'alone', 'these', 'surveys', 'have', 'revealed', 'that', 'most', 'msps', 'exhibit', 'thermal', 'emission', 'from', 'their', 'heated', 'magnetic', 'polar', 'caps', 'realistic', 'models', 'of', 'this', 'thermal', 'xray', 'emission', 'have', 'provided', 'important', 'insight', 'into', 'the', 'basic', 'physics', 'of', 'pulsars', 'and', 'neutron', 'stars', 'in', 'addition', 'intrabinary', 'shock', 'xray', 'radiation', 'observed', 'in', 'blackwidow', 'and', 'peculiar', 'globular', 'cluster', 'exchanged', 'binary', 'msps', 'give', 'interesting', 'insight', 'into', 'msp', 'winds', 'and', 'relativistic', 'shock', 'thus', 'the', 'xray', 'band', 'contains', 'valuable', 'information', 'regarding', 'the', 'basic', 'properties', 'of', 'msps', 'that', 'are', 'not', 'accesible', 'by', 'radio', 'timing', 'observations']] | [-0.05564631125514185, 0.15333163966340269, -0.09947414896375831, 0.20050577672795514, -0.22195181252637639, -0.08127066129142599, 0.09838985178559538, 0.4536972977221012, -0.17247271765447822, -0.3829861936730243, 0.01827179261618444, -0.3647545523934006, -0.02699750493611059, 0.3307774661732237, 0.01885783907979907, -0.07264859578102797, 0.1490422707471636, -0.13025820564672036, -0.009655613014230414, -0.28478574390981287, 0.20779909954909537, 0.08157513463177771, 0.12677433588091405, -0.05284388531600275, 0.07826942782999287, -0.07433120548845298, -0.06613460806528887, -0.03751613558720677, -0.09595197867172593, 0.05299843165266793, 0.29564872890422256, 0.1585143393266105, 0.13219319817595063, -0.47316513858705517, -0.3212060270598158, 0.025811617611907423, 0.23000991572963916, -0.06461448035993418, -0.08108409388261216, -0.29188883177384045, 0.05867346509119436, -0.24492859312956552, -0.18742554311475326, 0.03934008612639211, 0.04433932240992304, 0.1135161564264807, -0.05059847874180114, 0.11234018853546361, 0.06772770276180498, 0.06720926830612664, -0.22659126367803, -0.12906273847235547, 0.051799647489397395, 0.020529538779819924, 0.0753090955944161, 0.044534422453462834, 0.14051551461189746, -0.1362163300976634, -0.1314078630239237, 0.35029845930365544, 0.043191364735379933, 0.12879620477437012, 0.21476649306714535, -0.2647859433838617, -0.3101990305304137, 0.1900741188869541, 0.15359596498761205, 0.05347073853444008, -0.20603505939605735, -0.01382600835847458, -0.06069221597910303, 0.24241073905385188, 0.05608222896098009, 0.15763325867949113, 0.41473300439200456, 0.11869411384630497, -0.046797354870866385, 0.16626525753658386, -0.2958392415086799, 0.01830717873752057, -0.11266169059766276, -0.01382007570035996, -0.07869719576856662, 0.15698208168889263, -0.13050872652233775, -0.11921688614998974, 0.3437042262371359, 0.08438246503412243, 0.07570245450798181, -0.03898689181791739, 0.3340618163872991, 0.08389390293873035, 0.07371901278947329, 0.16664805110063283, 0.358137110743912, 0.2428239233765541, 0.10369362471054398, -0.21344428272324525, 0.11551295153349789, -0.0912913668097087] |
711.2368 | Sending and Searching for Interstellar Messages | There is a close interrelation between Searching for Extraterrestrial
Intelligence (SETI) and Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI). For
example, the answers to the questions "Where to search" and "Where to send" are
equivalent, in that both require an identical selection from the same target
star lists. Similar considerations lead to a strategy of time synchronization
between sending and searching. Both SETI and METI use large reflectors. The
concept of "magic frequencies" may be applicable to both SETI and METI. Efforts
to understand an alien civilization's Interstellar Messages (IMs), and efforts
to compose our own IMs so they will be easily understood by unfamiliar
Extraterrestrials, are mutually complementary. Furthermore, the METI-question:
"How can we benefit from sending IMs, if a response may come only thousands of
years later?" begs an equivalent SETI-question: "How can we benefit from
searching, if it is impossible now to perceive the motivations and feelings of
those who may have sent messages in the distant past?" A joint consideration of
the theoretical and the practical aspects of both sending and searching for
IMs, in the framework of a unified, disciplined scientific approach, can be
quite fruitful. We seek to resolve the cultural disconnect between those who
advocate sending interstellar messages, and others who anathematize those who
would transmit.
| physics.pop-ph | there is a close interrelation between searching for extraterrestrial intelligence seti and messaging to extraterrestrial intelligence meti for example the answers to the questions where to search and where to send are equivalent in that both require an identical selection from the same target star lists similar considerations lead to a strategy of time synchronization between sending and searching both seti and meti use large reflectors the concept of magic frequencies may be applicable to both seti and meti efforts to understand an alien civilizations interstellar messages ims and efforts to compose our own ims so they will be easily understood by unfamiliar extraterrestrials are mutually complementary furthermore the metiquestion how can we benefit from sending ims if a response may come only thousands of years later begs an equivalent setiquestion how can we benefit from searching if it is impossible now to perceive the motivations and feelings of those who may have sent messages in the distant past a joint consideration of the theoretical and the practical aspects of both sending and searching for ims in the framework of a unified disciplined scientific approach can be quite fruitful we seek to resolve the cultural disconnect between those who advocate sending interstellar messages and others who anathematize those who would transmit | [['there', 'is', 'a', 'close', 'interrelation', 'between', 'searching', 'for', 'extraterrestrial', 'intelligence', 'seti', 'and', 'messaging', 'to', 'extraterrestrial', 'intelligence', 'meti', 'for', 'example', 'the', 'answers', 'to', 'the', 'questions', 'where', 'to', 'search', 'and', 'where', 'to', 'send', 'are', 'equivalent', 'in', 'that', 'both', 'require', 'an', 'identical', 'selection', 'from', 'the', 'same', 'target', 'star', 'lists', 'similar', 'considerations', 'lead', 'to', 'a', 'strategy', 'of', 'time', 'synchronization', 'between', 'sending', 'and', 'searching', 'both', 'seti', 'and', 'meti', 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711.2369 | Observations of the Sagittarius Dwarf galaxy by the H.E.S.S. experiment
and search for a Dark Matter signal | Observations of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal (Sgr dSph) galaxy were
carried out with the H.E.S.S. array of four imaging air Cherenkov telescopes in
June 2006. A total of 11 hours of high quality data are available after data
selection. There is no evidence for a very high energy gamma-ray signal above
the energy threshold at the target position. A 95% C.L. flux limit of 3.6 x
10-12 cm-2s-1 above 250 GeV has been derived. Constraints on the
velocity-weighted cross section <sigma v> are calculated in the framework of
Dark Matter particle annihilation using realistic models for the Dark Matter
halo profile of Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. Two different models have been
investigated encompassing a large class of halo types. A 95% C.L. exclusion
limit on <sigma v> of the order of 2 x 10-25 cm3s-1 is obtained for a core
profile in the 100 GeV - 1 TeV neutralino mass range.
| astro-ph | observations of the sagittarius dwarf spheroidal sgr dsph galaxy were carried out with the hess array of four imaging air cherenkov telescopes in june 2006 a total of 11 hours of high quality data are available after data selection there is no evidence for a very high energy gammaray signal above the energy threshold at the target position a 95 cl flux limit of 36 x 1012 cm2s1 above 250 gev has been derived constraints on the velocityweighted cross section sigma v are calculated in the framework of dark matter particle annihilation using realistic models for the dark matter halo profile of sagittarius dwarf galaxy two different models have been investigated encompassing a large class of halo types a 95 cl exclusion limit on sigma v of the order of 2 x 1025 cm3s1 is obtained for a core profile in the 100 gev 1 tev neutralino mass range | [['observations', 'of', 'the', 'sagittarius', 'dwarf', 'spheroidal', 'sgr', 'dsph', 'galaxy', 'were', 'carried', 'out', 'with', 'the', 'hess', 'array', 'of', 'four', 'imaging', 'air', 'cherenkov', 'telescopes', 'in', 'june', '2006', 'a', 'total', 'of', '11', 'hours', 'of', 'high', 'quality', 'data', 'are', 'available', 'after', 'data', 'selection', 'there', 'is', 'no', 'evidence', 'for', 'a', 'very', 'high', 'energy', 'gammaray', 'signal', 'above', 'the', 'energy', 'threshold', 'at', 'the', 'target', 'position', 'a', '95', 'cl', 'flux', 'limit', 'of', '36', 'x', '1012', 'cm2s1', 'above', '250', 'gev', 'has', 'been', 'derived', 'constraints', 'on', 'the', 'velocityweighted', 'cross', 'section', 'sigma', 'v', 'are', 'calculated', 'in', 'the', 'framework', 'of', 'dark', 'matter', 'particle', 'annihilation', 'using', 'realistic', 'models', 'for', 'the', 'dark', 'matter', 'halo', 'profile', 'of', 'sagittarius', 'dwarf', 'galaxy', 'two', 'different', 'models', 'have', 'been', 'investigated', 'encompassing', 'a', 'large', 'class', 'of', 'halo', 'types', 'a', '95', 'cl', 'exclusion', 'limit', 'on', 'sigma', 'v', 'of', 'the', 'order', 'of', '2', 'x', '1025', 'cm3s1', 'is', 'obtained', 'for', 'a', 'core', 'profile', 'in', 'the', '100', 'gev', '1', 'tev', 'neutralino', 'mass', 'range']] | [-0.10707141768856086, 0.11977056235437525, -0.03863112703465775, 0.15209875141595483, -0.07249045335131403, -0.08708663558237405, 0.03751500628751096, 0.3937546726153701, -0.08887377888004877, -0.4390569477273314, 0.03289454070235534, -0.3388763603554326, 0.09422633966943561, 0.21415894594349766, 0.06263888169481613, 0.022461701334522875, 0.09707871871069074, -0.005271228908517417, -0.041113557856554954, -0.2594879908524704, 0.21302971841092377, 0.07936828261735106, 0.20876984400112156, 0.04056562496749247, 0.13365843682393633, -0.0712146532949179, -0.041042030376425925, -0.09595945843764199, -0.1630498405558451, 0.012808572491568406, 0.24547589873730388, 0.10637667634986941, 0.16408850723602528, -0.34678615209718405, -0.21400251137030205, 0.11909955763414302, 0.12392477391150174, -0.04782107565473865, -0.06484533837471382, -0.34099375577518504, 0.10084407033098725, -0.24160395130447124, -0.1429089465328561, 0.1180687669864637, 0.07687954337104855, -0.0019866931236555314, -0.21067198168489482, 0.14578743818866077, -0.025726339725102455, 0.05359526400863749, -0.0835173942926871, -0.19713715545133056, -0.06835172061797469, -0.0285555036213474, 0.019417299579628962, 0.05672907315182106, 0.219386511297909, -0.13861825683110413, -0.03666032927623331, 0.39111979432629057, -0.11956766306894563, -0.03082077485202943, 0.15983264181987952, -0.1947028551581972, -0.20673184243387124, 0.22179933971469135, 0.1681916191392647, 0.0648522209540172, -0.21128158191619004, 0.14493770110999052, -0.053371138305047014, 0.21429289686618586, 0.09280428836347172, -0.007252841210266225, 0.30442587808149574, 0.20132565584921297, 0.08827983943164198, 0.01201932752917477, -0.29483018502680547, 0.0006890215460936095, -0.32570715791127025, -0.0575381789650243, -0.12533975766671684, 0.08411588363940109, -0.11973994042436849, -0.02858721877091983, 0.3576836556496236, 0.06504055246048225, 0.2527821557252549, 0.023417685558666294, 0.27010918873668516, 0.09630725588086968, 0.042462196412039986, 0.06074129775222766, 0.3325515834977163, 0.15620080776506373, 0.09463904376122975, -0.11828961845912389, -0.03222864378093673, -0.04847871461545661] |
711.237 | Patterns of the Exclusive Double Diffraction | We consider Exclusive Double Diffractive Events (EDDE) as a powerfull tool to
study the picture of the $pp$ interaction. Calculations of the cross-sections
for the process $p+p\to p+M+p$ are presented in the convenient form for further
experimental applications. We propose measurements of t-distributions in the
joint CMS-TOTEM experiment. It is shown that important information on the
interaction region could be extracted from the diffractive pattern.
| hep-ph | we consider exclusive double diffractive events edde as a powerfull tool to study the picture of the pp interaction calculations of the crosssections for the process ppto pmp are presented in the convenient form for further experimental applications we propose measurements of tdistributions in the joint cmstotem experiment it is shown that important information on the interaction region could be extracted from the diffractive pattern | [['we', 'consider', 'exclusive', 'double', 'diffractive', 'events', 'edde', 'as', 'a', 'powerfull', 'tool', 'to', 'study', 'the', 'picture', 'of', 'the', 'pp', 'interaction', 'calculations', 'of', 'the', 'crosssections', 'for', 'the', 'process', 'ppto', 'pmp', 'are', 'presented', 'in', 'the', 'convenient', 'form', 'for', 'further', 'experimental', 'applications', 'we', 'propose', 'measurements', 'of', 'tdistributions', 'in', 'the', 'joint', 'cmstotem', 'experiment', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'important', 'information', 'on', 'the', 'interaction', 'region', 'could', 'be', 'extracted', 'from', 'the', 'diffractive', 'pattern']] | [-0.0634363014698745, 0.10733045611817103, -0.1406285491700356, 0.14467007354399428, -0.018122527533425734, -0.09012105750779693, 0.020913521965177588, 0.3777943527290168, -0.24969057116944057, -0.23126732643980247, 0.03169263231281478, -0.322258860596384, -0.13732580146035897, 0.2081686949894692, 0.02941380847702161, 0.0933317767115883, 0.12292072682175785, 0.03250949002372531, 0.00938424883911816, -0.13993732913110693, 0.3061190678236576, 0.08125219027010294, 0.2785007702329984, 0.12390206145086827, 0.04367450332412353, 0.13867623804566953, -0.07030775134245722, -0.04075437470410879, -0.14194084755917385, 0.10794656581173723, 0.3072265149040434, 0.12731117900604239, 0.15023144575086636, -0.38890509960743097, -0.14963495927647902, 0.07349075940079414, 0.14830329231201456, 0.07740926721061651, -0.08622088566458283, -0.2795930515544919, 0.08374494404818576, -0.2062329890063176, -0.09093141780019953, -0.07558936797655545, -0.004637399315834045, -0.012435708657050362, -0.34654528928490785, 0.05038306385708543, 0.002238088702926269, 0.0001629887604324792, -0.016284374355410153, -0.11627488289601527, 0.01680604970225921, 0.08282239162721312, 0.031160334169488543, 0.045530950795644176, 0.15576608248341542, -0.13002661306124466, -0.1726515050404347, 0.38005307355465795, -0.00790684548063347, -0.1599338529488215, 0.1493386484324359, -0.17367351159739952, -0.14768782921421986, 0.11660820039419027, 0.238788233554134, 0.096333971977807, -0.22377182122033376, 0.07598527141201955, -0.028185400753640212, 0.11340951264764254, 0.023858763041118017, 0.044986670709644946, 0.14694228867839018, 0.22757567771925377, -0.041555577545211865, 0.1189187548821792, -0.12961816710706514, -0.07986869632911224, -0.37405853655475835, -0.149468162161513, -0.0999035060692292, 0.03141465621570555, -0.041594118316872764, -0.08470937076803799, 0.32653192345841, 0.14004855067110977, 0.24263158302324322, -0.03235523563164931, 0.3053333075717092, 0.0925834392878012, 0.0801459477784542, -0.02328374751915152, 0.2807191677391529, 0.16272275543843323, 0.1073009381428934, -0.17259658568252165, 0.10227330254677397, 0.027599883108184887] |
711.2371 | Representations for the non-graded Virasoro-like algebra | It is proved that an irreducible module over the non-graded Virasoro-like
algebra, which satisfies a natural condition, is a GHW module or uniformly
bounded. Furthermore, the classification of some uniformly bounded modules is
given.
| math.RT math.RA | it is proved that an irreducible module over the nongraded virasorolike algebra which satisfies a natural condition is a ghw module or uniformly bounded furthermore the classification of some uniformly bounded modules is given | [['it', 'is', 'proved', 'that', 'an', 'irreducible', 'module', 'over', 'the', 'nongraded', 'virasorolike', 'algebra', 'which', 'satisfies', 'a', 'natural', 'condition', 'is', 'a', 'ghw', 'module', 'or', 'uniformly', 'bounded', 'furthermore', 'the', 'classification', 'of', 'some', 'uniformly', 'bounded', 'modules', 'is', 'given']] | [-0.19647675864946315, 0.10351861535737579, -0.07975403044153662, 0.004425045811598573, -0.12668879888951778, -0.21111120560261257, -0.10327247039907995, 0.35656763215357545, -0.4349253100945669, -0.10093352442388148, 0.1745936498456799, -0.21228514241931193, -0.13657531819498056, 0.21911921203547322, -0.18037921187522657, -0.02823459044756258, 0.13021242483998374, 0.21529769681065397, -0.0676797560950303, -0.31537695813869293, 0.37782854696407037, 0.006205530070206698, 0.22928110162234483, 0.043644211227622104, 0.2517094997798695, -0.013121103032437317, 0.017101033590734005, -0.009741983979063876, -0.11009027689172346, 0.08221626048907638, 0.29513439536094666, 0.11677655173629961, 0.27589689483455215, -0.2803301520864753, -0.10104556137915044, 0.252571861643125, 0.11930605881463956, -0.04323685699594481, -0.021467590553905156, -0.25128348001881556, 0.21714415960013866, -0.22005708230768933, -0.09255364155122901, -0.019361561849055922, 0.0780049965114278, -0.012483122375081568, -0.3534941924735904, -0.046246416729820126, 0.2098357061691144, 0.12900642590487704, -0.14924060476615147, -0.05304918638156617, -0.08872768773204263, 0.06119063060374602, -0.12064323781797771, 0.10148708093637492, 0.10505492231972954, -0.08786691336289924, -0.07389755867531195, 0.33584401000510244, 0.004480865263544461, -0.31506823830525665, 0.13329071271479787, -0.13181026929112918, -0.09343647976022433, 0.09382021179258385, -0.012675720308085574, 0.14562468723777464, -0.0842698029078105, 0.22810293342370322, -0.21686054810005076, 0.12649018706425147, 0.09375916654244065, -0.023398333051077583, 0.08444915898144245, 0.11846946881097906, 0.15397615696522682, 0.14439428559340098, 0.084845058455625, 0.0157119914998903, -0.40707897219587774, -0.17940732124535477, -0.1720772600349258, 0.08971337280373144, -0.09678073575281922, -0.20869379868621335, 0.3977341293083394, 0.03791528879938757, 0.16563012017457582, 0.19199908697662657, 0.20835912408416762, 0.13726923170992555, 0.10952786465778071, 0.1246035443208016, 0.07060427810767364, 0.2264748114873381, -0.0003330822766977636, -0.025348481256514788, 0.04250643269487602, 0.16668019222133273] |
711.2372 | Braid groups and Artin groups | This article is a survey on the braid groups, the Artin groups, and the
Garside groups. It is a presentation, accessible to non-experts, of various
topological and algebraic aspects of these groups. It is also a report on three
points of the theory: the faithful linear representations, the cohomology, and
the geometrical representations.
| math.GR math.GT | this article is a survey on the braid groups the artin groups and the garside groups it is a presentation accessible to nonexperts of various topological and algebraic aspects of these groups it is also a report on three points of the theory the faithful linear representations the cohomology and the geometrical representations | [['this', 'article', 'is', 'a', 'survey', 'on', 'the', 'braid', 'groups', 'the', 'artin', 'groups', 'and', 'the', 'garside', 'groups', 'it', 'is', 'a', 'presentation', 'accessible', 'to', 'nonexperts', 'of', 'various', 'topological', 'and', 'algebraic', 'aspects', 'of', 'these', 'groups', 'it', 'is', 'also', 'a', 'report', 'on', 'three', 'points', 'of', 'the', 'theory', 'the', 'faithful', 'linear', 'representations', 'the', 'cohomology', 'and', 'the', 'geometrical', 'representations']] | [-0.17456035771987066, 0.09769532660830696, -0.19660561263367957, 0.10514817657915629, -0.14164076439755144, -0.07599154370397611, 0.03016527173469581, 0.34109514238277694, -0.3439529091119766, -0.251852265436132, 0.14214069751214306, -0.2752221850854046, -0.18513535391890779, 0.21794044918749692, -0.11982607586695901, -0.05335114996458562, 0.019254469681742055, 0.11543497534574203, -0.1072451942336728, -0.32452303206302086, 0.41623797384530026, -0.01215641682018649, 0.2968169428970454, 0.032922662038988665, 0.0998859446987791, -0.044005939086793726, -0.07731519411054422, -0.02403769111436493, -0.12918125664077276, 0.21003296628664686, 0.3473388020933237, 0.02559920811568791, 0.18309230532251158, -0.35936342162203117, -0.12558623615933476, 0.11130983073194071, 0.09127697932428487, 0.09713426430902954, -0.049519996286176565, -0.3388398400209141, 0.08383123472965551, -0.20721017407639972, -0.06304728624604221, -0.05518987500723803, 0.052373470764888345, -0.024790161728577793, -0.11836054515673446, -0.050845853400631934, 0.06033207532369866, 0.18982541698189276, -0.059881022898480296, -0.08566253176969388, 0.007267458696041326, 0.1602027142719137, -0.019208384251643746, -0.012550362183729995, 0.13179083613959966, -0.14407620307954275, -0.11038607228898777, 0.4420844495015324, 0.06876461566337999, -0.21056068672816147, 0.2226864769176211, -0.16118189146004194, -0.20515361517439332, 0.08066753197224143, 0.09087243740323861, 0.12582336482152623, -0.0379536633889349, 0.15014690413460452, -0.1558496156566829, 0.1066216872082496, 0.0021184975136387743, -0.002656703015332514, 0.16060317117931708, 0.11673003849837016, 0.05071679831324321, 0.11062536283202891, 0.04736499496261185, 0.01966750511091273, -0.36032838458722494, -0.23619828479505092, -0.09001902127989901, 0.05122537434733701, -0.07078731436867768, -0.17316843079016456, 0.49908687332469337, 0.09657484325492438, 0.10449674100404219, 0.1337592714940602, 0.24865434548097118, 0.014942389860186936, 0.061533159347918795, 0.0011714206358312436, 0.09761253387649667, 0.23251437894859403, -0.03507572941411779, -0.15178563086456567, -0.009730666867053171, 0.18496402226529032] |
711.2373 | Urn-related random walk with drift $\rho x^{\alpha} / t^{\beta}$ | We study a one-dimensional random walk whose expected drift depends both on
time and the position of a particle. We establish a non-trivial phase
transition for the recurrence vs. transience of the walk, and show some
interesting applications to Friedman's urn, as well as showing the connection
with Lamperti's walk with asymptotically zero drift.
| math.PR | we study a onedimensional random walk whose expected drift depends both on time and the position of a particle we establish a nontrivial phase transition for the recurrence vs transience of the walk and show some interesting applications to friedmans urn as well as showing the connection with lampertis walk with asymptotically zero drift | [['we', 'study', 'a', 'onedimensional', 'random', 'walk', 'whose', 'expected', 'drift', 'depends', 'both', 'on', 'time', 'and', 'the', 'position', 'of', 'a', 'particle', 'we', 'establish', 'a', 'nontrivial', 'phase', 'transition', 'for', 'the', 'recurrence', 'vs', 'transience', 'of', 'the', 'walk', 'and', 'show', 'some', 'interesting', 'applications', 'to', 'friedmans', 'urn', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'showing', 'the', 'connection', 'with', 'lampertis', 'walk', 'with', 'asymptotically', 'zero', 'drift']] | [-0.1194291321767701, 0.1992718908521864, -0.10110665552525057, 0.07531398300219465, -0.06908286740589473, -0.20950848396212138, 0.0984356223661625, 0.39581061368463216, -0.25352716104437906, -0.21798701287695654, 0.17125470372330812, -0.26608152142553415, -0.1950913202534947, 0.13921914029116225, -0.07245663001581475, 0.07470267673057539, 0.000599337120850881, 0.09495408353568227, -0.038008833338541013, -0.2175134396939366, 0.24169088412007247, 0.028900403012004163, 0.23332229091923823, 0.031709341435796685, 0.16472419800373717, 0.053503582210935374, -0.031000250583962986, 0.027368677780032158, -0.1875290413628574, -0.01761390558547444, 0.1058017770173373, 0.017250760027241928, 0.24799710756202262, -0.3505398954644247, -0.17710043624457386, 0.16610595055735083, 0.16042107228551888, 0.10270951147605148, -0.09944091596925217, -0.32026903730110023, -0.015070417464745266, -0.08363732233583168, -0.15765263926651743, 0.0021696617757832565, 0.06623890518245322, 0.14048966687362366, -0.28403258834603345, 0.06484747270156664, 0.1356919285241963, 0.022899573944784975, 0.017953324308176956, -0.09558293795971959, 0.008625740508755876, 0.1143372105434537, 0.050321671145933645, 0.009309720002218254, 0.11231155195100992, -0.08363608138946195, -0.1787430374900362, 0.39491650575978887, -0.1111944555218711, -0.1984925577417016, 0.205647473671922, -0.2096102382487583, -0.12260803813114762, 0.04583937660963447, 0.14362069331454458, 0.08372532574597884, -0.0892918667997475, 0.06946993055020424, -0.056977766600471956, 0.07207339794614301, 0.06782662202776582, 0.04305657118351923, 0.1619944971451467, 0.18152421833602367, 0.14115514089698317, 0.18684812876637336, -0.055718679028494214, -0.1935838419875061, -0.33485728102149787, -0.2228920670847098, -0.21588251167149455, 0.11239839960924453, -0.21056423249117667, -0.29034559430416534, 0.4057073541399505, 0.1413918206192277, 0.2756824457448804, 0.18987185235514684, 0.18642641897572, 0.1672062772731469, -0.07763610080022502, 0.08962302040136247, 0.1317082009719107, 0.18158154206186602, 0.10607298057854038, -0.20122254791635055, 0.09697776223118934, 0.10407598348144718] |
711.2374 | Describing the set of words generated by interval exchange
transformation | Let $W$ be an infinite word over finite alphabet $A$. We get combinatorial
criteria of existence of interval exchange transformations that generate the
word W.
| math.DS math.CO | let w be an infinite word over finite alphabet a we get combinatorial criteria of existence of interval exchange transformations that generate the word w | [['let', 'w', 'be', 'an', 'infinite', 'word', 'over', 'finite', 'alphabet', 'a', 'we', 'get', 'combinatorial', 'criteria', 'of', 'existence', 'of', 'interval', 'exchange', 'transformations', 'that', 'generate', 'the', 'word', 'w']] | [-0.14743333708494902, 0.22214411944674795, -0.1346198333799839, 0.06824999928474426, -0.1451288864761591, -0.19259235179051756, 0.1494794185459614, 0.4034145382791758, -0.42169686913490295, -0.20906322591006757, 0.03706139343557879, -0.26958966851234434, 0.013108238130807876, 0.19337084393948317, -0.07238794755190611, -0.07569180972874165, 0.11379760241135956, 0.1369329496473074, -0.10341996598494006, -0.36696067251265047, 0.2816640517488122, -0.0891563442349434, 0.206027447655797, -0.0223266938701272, 0.18501563724130393, 0.059288269416429104, -0.04899277910590172, -0.06851154145784676, -0.17684462917182828, 0.06808384384959937, 0.3663691532611847, 0.13197481021285057, 0.28457678489387034, -0.2619652654230595, -0.1796006690710783, 0.2551645592600107, 0.18107889901846647, 0.07265663288533687, -0.019395057410001755, -0.27657841570675373, 0.22787816343829037, -0.258754890114069, -9.88375023007393e-05, -0.013454435467720032, 0.12483558043837548, 0.015790563651826232, -0.28843006808310745, -0.0530700421333313, 0.13430092265829444, 0.0965825368091464, -0.051054800245910886, -0.09159159306436777, -0.02052641861140728, 0.09539376882836223, -0.015388109982013702, 0.07257031692191958, 0.01580818960443139, -0.011497009291779249, -0.2297010187804699, 0.3543297366797924, -0.11112229939550161, -0.32982458144426346, 0.0945134799182415, -0.09230165779590607, -0.07485450953245162, 0.12391799040138722, 0.17849623113870622, 0.051792564317584035, -0.064300906509161, 0.19973549738526344, -0.19711776107549667, 0.22538229260593654, 0.18868873924016952, 0.057533191526308654, 0.13700886130332945, 0.0590091285854578, 0.08353797074407339, 0.18194112713914365, 0.0455266722664237, 0.03363237872719765, -0.3829623045027256, -0.12440544322133064, -0.14217085808515548, 0.14898170545697212, -0.2022886936739087, -0.29565634574741123, 0.3396629573404789, 0.0997860151156783, 0.1780962584167719, 0.1302230958454311, 0.0848903477191925, 0.12717778857797385, 0.004229893939191242, 0.0334558679908514, -0.0560215263068676, 0.16794214747846126, -0.04266997540835291, -0.15330272242426873, 0.06912606373429299, 0.21728951849043368] |
711.2375 | The induced capacity and Choquet integral monotone convergece | Given a probability measure over a state space, a partial collection
(sub-$\sigma$-algebra) of events whose probabilities are known, induces a
capacity over the collection of all possible events. The \emph{induced
capacity} of an event $F$ is the probability of the maximal (with respect to
inclusion) event contained in $F$ whose probability is known. The Choquet
integral with respect to the induced capacity coincides with the integral with
respect to a \emph{probability specified on a sub-algebra} (Lehrer
\cite{Lehrer2}). We study Choquet integral monotone convergence and apply the
results to the integral with respect to the induced capacity. The paper
characterizes the properties of sub-$\sigma$-algebras and of induced capacities
which yield integral monotone convergence.
| math.CA | given a probability measure over a state space a partial collection subsigmaalgebra of events whose probabilities are known induces a capacity over the collection of all possible events the emphinduced capacity of an event f is the probability of the maximal with respect to inclusion event contained in f whose probability is known the choquet integral with respect to the induced capacity coincides with the integral with respect to a emphprobability specified on a subalgebra lehrer citelehrer2 we study choquet integral monotone convergence and apply the results to the integral with respect to the induced capacity the paper characterizes the properties of subsigmaalgebras and of induced capacities which yield integral monotone convergence | [['given', 'a', 'probability', 'measure', 'over', 'a', 'state', 'space', 'a', 'partial', 'collection', 'subsigmaalgebra', 'of', 'events', 'whose', 'probabilities', 'are', 'known', 'induces', 'a', 'capacity', 'over', 'the', 'collection', 'of', 'all', 'possible', 'events', 'the', 'emphinduced', 'capacity', 'of', 'an', 'event', 'f', 'is', 'the', 'probability', 'of', 'the', 'maximal', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'inclusion', 'event', 'contained', 'in', 'f', 'whose', 'probability', 'is', 'known', 'the', 'choquet', 'integral', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'the', 'induced', 'capacity', 'coincides', 'with', 'the', 'integral', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'a', 'emphprobability', 'specified', 'on', 'a', 'subalgebra', 'lehrer', 'citelehrer2', 'we', 'study', 'choquet', 'integral', 'monotone', 'convergence', 'and', 'apply', 'the', 'results', 'to', 'the', 'integral', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'the', 'induced', 'capacity', 'the', 'paper', 'characterizes', 'the', 'properties', 'of', 'subsigmaalgebras', 'and', 'of', 'induced', 'capacities', 'which', 'yield', 'integral', 'monotone', 'convergence']] | [-0.16493994138118895, 0.07528856104485881, -0.04645329870452935, 0.02481039356313307, -0.07072158518924632, -0.043264977913349864, 0.08893578691217541, 0.35311117510903967, -0.30049028160389174, -0.2068119700045579, 0.0991231344037012, -0.3362150601704012, -0.10075175834142348, 0.20027140414934944, -0.14078002380715174, 0.06452541666909714, 0.05837376179723916, 0.18929514910348438, -0.09494246952288615, -0.24099853402850302, 0.343452499197288, 0.05126923881471157, 0.22588902695781804, 0.02849766256298277, 0.1466811691326174, 0.020341245711527088, -0.06042254918085581, 0.06904797064198646, -0.18335336500101468, 0.15362130364995788, 0.2279442175714807, 0.13289803933267566, 0.2318339114162055, -0.3229554729028182, -0.17092311091043733, 0.18314163616477427, 0.04800117146647112, -0.04876137576013041, 0.015191306253175505, -0.2930852765048092, 0.07285675347190011, -0.18404634658416563, -0.15442007797854868, -0.038957344528964974, 0.020952258191325446, 0.08032159187873318, -0.3397821626541289, 0.013485640541396358, 0.08212793473873965, 0.029635432093742895, -0.06280933949165046, -0.058518718081441795, -0.04753765663640066, 0.09960107401182705, 0.027011593799530106, 0.0960162611995739, 0.05995862997899001, -0.11069740940901367, -0.13851084873418917, 0.32979439845816655, -0.07981651017034892, -0.22115205330774187, 0.1522610288282687, -0.19427785305306317, -0.0763893266166137, 0.21365154775875536, 0.10067373154346239, 0.13692297568036751, -0.14130688901905986, 0.12755810828265648, -0.05688630982556126, 0.09964944948865609, 0.06700060325674713, 0.09790007282387127, 0.13758803488771346, 0.11667101234197616, 0.15820526426912032, 0.19464769855522635, -0.05692023733757775, -0.13778469866109927, -0.34916877482425085, -0.18247028836895796, -0.1773331361071376, 0.09203994909978726, -0.06483006645734846, -0.19970706934955987, 0.35183583744801583, 0.07080063159281219, 0.2045977301620455, 0.13479676328874615, 0.21085334160280497, 0.15449196904982357, 0.05314436381449923, 0.06880244561894373, 0.1059241076762026, 0.19261188971048052, 0.010033002777279101, -0.23040344017896464, 0.12790795227682047, 0.08754447772252288] |
711.2376 | Surface waves on a quantum plasma half-space | Surface modes are coupled electromagnetic/electrostatic excitations of free
electrons near the vacuum-plasma interface and can be excited on a sufficiently
dense plasma half-space. They propagate along the surface plane and decay in
either sides of the boundary. In such dense plasma models, which are of
interest in electronic signal transmission or in some astrophysical
applications, the dynamics of the electrons is certainly affected by the
quantum effects. Thus, the dispersion relation for the surface wave on a
quantum electron plasma half-space is derived by employing the quantum
hydrodynamical (QHD) and Maxwell-Poison equations. The QHD include quantum
forces involving the Fermi electron temperature and the quantum Bohm potential.
It is found that, at room temperature, the quantum effects are mainly relevant
for the electrostatic surface plasma waves in a dense gold metallic plasma.
| physics.plasm-ph physics.gen-ph | surface modes are coupled electromagneticelectrostatic excitations of free electrons near the vacuumplasma interface and can be excited on a sufficiently dense plasma halfspace they propagate along the surface plane and decay in either sides of the boundary in such dense plasma models which are of interest in electronic signal transmission or in some astrophysical applications the dynamics of the electrons is certainly affected by the quantum effects thus the dispersion relation for the surface wave on a quantum electron plasma halfspace is derived by employing the quantum hydrodynamical qhd and maxwellpoison equations the qhd include quantum forces involving the fermi electron temperature and the quantum bohm potential it is found that at room temperature the quantum effects are mainly relevant for the electrostatic surface plasma waves in a dense gold metallic plasma | [['surface', 'modes', 'are', 'coupled', 'electromagneticelectrostatic', 'excitations', 'of', 'free', 'electrons', 'near', 'the', 'vacuumplasma', 'interface', 'and', 'can', 'be', 'excited', 'on', 'a', 'sufficiently', 'dense', 'plasma', 'halfspace', 'they', 'propagate', 'along', 'the', 'surface', 'plane', 'and', 'decay', 'in', 'either', 'sides', 'of', 'the', 'boundary', 'in', 'such', 'dense', 'plasma', 'models', 'which', 'are', 'of', 'interest', 'in', 'electronic', 'signal', 'transmission', 'or', 'in', 'some', 'astrophysical', 'applications', 'the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'the', 'electrons', 'is', 'certainly', 'affected', 'by', 'the', 'quantum', 'effects', 'thus', 'the', 'dispersion', 'relation', 'for', 'the', 'surface', 'wave', 'on', 'a', 'quantum', 'electron', 'plasma', 'halfspace', 'is', 'derived', 'by', 'employing', 'the', 'quantum', 'hydrodynamical', 'qhd', 'and', 'maxwellpoison', 'equations', 'the', 'qhd', 'include', 'quantum', 'forces', 'involving', 'the', 'fermi', 'electron', 'temperature', 'and', 'the', 'quantum', 'bohm', 'potential', 'it', 'is', 'found', 'that', 'at', 'room', 'temperature', 'the', 'quantum', 'effects', 'are', 'mainly', 'relevant', 'for', 'the', 'electrostatic', 'surface', 'plasma', 'waves', 'in', 'a', 'dense', 'gold', 'metallic', 'plasma']] | [-0.1296928321924777, 0.2753507890093785, -0.06185248435045091, 0.05932218819910374, -0.016218947216223637, -0.13396417799835594, -0.01621606991841243, 0.3384526861473345, -0.2562196916542374, -0.23783833916084124, 0.04394397598852475, -0.3390087798381081, -0.07688429373710488, 0.2357621135100579, 0.053706627457331006, 0.07513927723658316, 0.030535706084293242, -0.0042059461299616555, -0.03792396530849286, -0.1669717406316732, 0.31013977884565697, 0.048128108223542, 0.2717906539614957, 0.13456121471782143, 0.05212691611108872, -0.019842269934284, 0.05262451292230533, 0.035714968924339, -0.11887222941211523, 0.041341793569377984, 0.2452546551083987, -0.03220048033309957, 0.20986388485807067, -0.5221529410005762, -0.3011264841287182, -0.03560351947179208, 0.14440017508056302, 0.1518779455925911, -0.07988082462599358, -0.2847447245883254, -0.007570752508651752, -0.11416789018369924, -0.14751249007665768, 0.010903603694616602, -0.006750670204368921, 0.03540411955820253, -0.21944253853065535, 0.11532812514879669, 0.042100445052179004, 0.030583912377747206, -0.05613104389765515, -0.05744402944468535, -0.04929844703382025, 0.07384754889823783, 0.0024487181154724496, 0.04308966395373528, 0.21879134516661558, -0.16721050556605824, -0.029538038183146945, 0.41779036082040805, -0.05635351105234944, -0.20698557130705852, 0.23240437825532773, -0.18630002883191293, -0.02151296058526406, 0.1849432260514452, 0.16147379961733418, 0.06828051227718018, -0.13408957354616946, 0.1282662115400084, 0.000788151649332856, 0.10738994831111855, 0.1091758061809322, 0.05973107461602642, 0.3054058655953178, 0.10307993819699801, 0.015794846121794902, 0.10097193803118829, -0.11460901548763594, -0.07498879279547299, -0.2892009054668821, -0.16608635961221388, -0.1936899050631417, 0.031550314098645824, -0.052402161851149195, -0.21568638163690385, 0.38064876828485955, 0.11142984683123919, 0.10586447323887394, -0.096791723530847, 0.2922662173075458, 0.15276621902862994, 0.011061456962488591, 0.11968168939750355, 0.27362415944338025, 0.19183616444755058, 0.06642119066359906, -0.2724278327041807, 0.018072295726205292, 0.04572648766020743] |
711.2377 | Photoemission and x-ray absorption studies of valence states in
(Ni,Zn,Fe,Ti)$_{3}$O$_{4}$ thin films exhibiting photo-induced magnetization | By means of photoemission and x-ray absorption spectroscopy, we have studied
the electronic structure of (Ni,Zn,Fe,Ti)$_{3}$O$_{4}$ thin films, which
exhibits a cluster glass behavior with a spin-freezing temperature $T_f$ of
$\sim 230$ K and photo-induced magnetization (PIM) below $T_f$. The Ni and Zn
ions were found to be in the divalent states. Most of the Fe and Ti ions in the
thin films were trivalent (Fe$^{3+}$) and tetravalent (Ti$^{4+}$),
respectively. While Ti doping did not affect the valence states of the Ni and
Zn ions, a small amount of Fe$^{2+}$ ions increased with Ti concentration,
consistent with the proposed charge-transfer mechanism of PIM.
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.str-el | by means of photoemission and xray absorption spectroscopy we have studied the electronic structure of niznfeti_3o_4 thin films which exhibits a cluster glass behavior with a spinfreezing temperature t_f of sim 230 k and photoinduced magnetization pim below t_f the ni and zn ions were found to be in the divalent states most of the fe and ti ions in the thin films were trivalent fe3 and tetravalent ti4 respectively while ti doping did not affect the valence states of the ni and zn ions a small amount of fe2 ions increased with ti concentration consistent with the proposed chargetransfer mechanism of pim | [['by', 'means', 'of', 'photoemission', 'and', 'xray', 'absorption', 'spectroscopy', 'we', 'have', 'studied', 'the', 'electronic', 'structure', 'of', 'niznfeti_3o_4', 'thin', 'films', 'which', 'exhibits', 'a', 'cluster', 'glass', 'behavior', 'with', 'a', 'spinfreezing', 'temperature', 't_f', 'of', 'sim', '230', 'k', 'and', 'photoinduced', 'magnetization', 'pim', 'below', 't_f', 'the', 'ni', 'and', 'zn', 'ions', 'were', 'found', 'to', 'be', 'in', 'the', 'divalent', 'states', 'most', 'of', 'the', 'fe', 'and', 'ti', 'ions', 'in', 'the', 'thin', 'films', 'were', 'trivalent', 'fe3', 'and', 'tetravalent', 'ti4', 'respectively', 'while', 'ti', 'doping', 'did', 'not', 'affect', 'the', 'valence', 'states', 'of', 'the', 'ni', 'and', 'zn', 'ions', 'a', 'small', 'amount', 'of', 'fe2', 'ions', 'increased', 'with', 'ti', 'concentration', 'consistent', 'with', 'the', 'proposed', 'chargetransfer', 'mechanism', 'of', 'pim']] | [-0.06261449637645901, 0.2600890389990573, 0.06981445492847878, -0.023092718119276504, 0.07022621729137267, -0.1871041512235488, 0.14636021032564195, 0.45461501725310205, -0.23743959536031803, -0.3063760381922418, -0.06179481751842461, -0.45863698545259, -0.0013690950422018183, 0.09045865044326466, 0.06843324122019112, -0.03808343237809216, -0.05235284751317665, -0.10317105154835564, -0.1365117336641632, -0.20359901011711462, 0.23447104201962551, 0.06307022457522359, 0.2645247669561821, 0.1392719728436193, -0.01646093867134814, -0.061177013941821366, 0.17688170720950938, 0.059183523676349034, -0.13723105118226478, 0.06449091376385231, 0.2813626211273539, -0.10276252288809594, 0.16286625458137588, -0.4610508381681261, -0.19973735640900592, -0.05647342093745429, 0.1267257434767945, 0.12690155279443727, -0.1162685206452129, -0.2621156602148332, 0.08267377148035403, -0.11381181119484644, -0.09243007595468239, -0.07527007077656248, 0.008767345276496866, 0.032779657352126804, -0.2422822234032484, 0.09705840421877071, 0.10439683907829664, 0.16951791566851385, -0.1560908112487774, -0.19780698173916808, -0.20175603013668997, -0.0009869872090205842, 0.03612598948472855, 0.05681309602497255, 0.2084251842826751, -0.01864546166239854, -0.059202871818378494, 0.34045709959943504, -0.04590434823002593, 0.0179891887157425, 0.1488500577717216, -0.24866370303903287, -0.08397930201289117, 0.24532429417412654, 0.031164148183283853, 0.160079798729652, -0.0999582682047998, 0.10409239851572898, 0.01583390786111647, 0.2797047786035703, 0.06288152378207694, 0.08458026858987104, 0.19042396658629762, 0.15871734441573018, -0.006349435649063511, 0.0978458742599697, -0.17234438106728098, 0.027719851665417936, -0.12349500185718723, -0.26460000593215227, -0.20611232523258557, 0.07252492461888252, -0.09174550580135866, -0.19456024317289977, 0.34414867074320127, 0.06839217819894354, 0.1908623992508807, -0.1428269847996953, 0.14054474128665878, 0.056471579562069156, 0.063170966381828, 0.04413303156730299, 0.20686733190372003, 0.1971665921360802, 0.18644026375413353, -0.33709624147626993, 0.1551880635750279, 0.025828918430716823] |
711.2378 | Results from MiniBooNE | The long awaited experimental results from MiniBooNE have recently been
announced. This experiment tests whether neutrino oscillations can occur at a
higher mass squared difference $\sim1 {eV}^2$ compared to well established
observations of solar and atmospheric neutrinos. The LSND experiment has
previously claimed to have observed neutrino oscillations at $\Delta m^2 \sim 1
{eV}^2$, however the results being controversial, required an independent
confirmation. The MiniBooNE results settle this controversy by observing null
oscillations at the said mass squared difference. These results have strong
implications on existence of sterile neutrinos, CPT violation and mass varying
neutrinos. We review the present status of neutrino masses and mixing in the
light of this recent result.
| physics.pop-ph hep-ex hep-ph | the long awaited experimental results from miniboone have recently been announced this experiment tests whether neutrino oscillations can occur at a higher mass squared difference sim1 ev2 compared to well established observations of solar and atmospheric neutrinos the lsnd experiment has previously claimed to have observed neutrino oscillations at delta m2 sim 1 ev2 however the results being controversial required an independent confirmation the miniboone results settle this controversy by observing null oscillations at the said mass squared difference these results have strong implications on existence of sterile neutrinos cpt violation and mass varying neutrinos we review the present status of neutrino masses and mixing in the light of this recent result | [['the', 'long', 'awaited', 'experimental', 'results', 'from', 'miniboone', 'have', 'recently', 'been', 'announced', 'this', 'experiment', 'tests', 'whether', 'neutrino', 'oscillations', 'can', 'occur', 'at', 'a', 'higher', 'mass', 'squared', 'difference', 'sim1', 'ev2', 'compared', 'to', 'well', 'established', 'observations', 'of', 'solar', 'and', 'atmospheric', 'neutrinos', 'the', 'lsnd', 'experiment', 'has', 'previously', 'claimed', 'to', 'have', 'observed', 'neutrino', 'oscillations', 'at', 'delta', 'm2', 'sim', '1', 'ev2', 'however', 'the', 'results', 'being', 'controversial', 'required', 'an', 'independent', 'confirmation', 'the', 'miniboone', 'results', 'settle', 'this', 'controversy', 'by', 'observing', 'null', 'oscillations', 'at', 'the', 'said', 'mass', 'squared', 'difference', 'these', 'results', 'have', 'strong', 'implications', 'on', 'existence', 'of', 'sterile', 'neutrinos', 'cpt', 'violation', 'and', 'mass', 'varying', 'neutrinos', 'we', 'review', 'the', 'present', 'status', 'of', 'neutrino', 'masses', 'and', 'mixing', 'in', 'the', 'light', 'of', 'this', 'recent', 'result']] | [-0.10080841073691513, 0.2849325986973262, -0.0036434471050077783, 0.18508022471568047, -0.059716009767726064, -0.1099004194048965, 0.07383535562673517, 0.2875379130543609, -0.13827923846630646, -0.3976539105767318, 0.06616221260420778, -0.34938216300880803, -0.036541048399937735, 0.1926982026488986, -0.01949414814589545, 0.06627322483940848, 0.10241878488367158, -0.027036687525521432, -0.11302607498821869, -0.2549670706024959, 0.22777386002209304, 0.13011982211589515, 0.23312861431622878, 0.12363667495914601, 0.07977280062706475, -0.13479886318548648, -0.07660528476792804, -0.08825574969523586, -0.15436791901486555, -0.0472575097394708, 0.19978041682458883, 0.13314080156897035, 0.15096680202987045, -0.4126921858572002, -0.20981381034445284, 0.17314525363950192, 0.15865141771584085, 0.04156005957130609, -0.12328331279007086, -0.35907191167435876, 0.03016111967735924, -0.17561909233752107, -0.16979197206923605, 0.0033639396174943875, -0.01209679719925459, -0.07016080608445918, -0.26145419125012787, 0.14448855209567618, -0.03262018117051672, 0.041808438046635796, -0.04092094105934458, -0.22440885445186204, 0.0651298149667647, 0.052455944004967545, 0.22421855216712824, 0.018998149919622977, 0.05419564031970887, -0.054266562812179994, -0.13572397083044052, 0.3536456718076287, -0.09299943078544207, -0.08418885092084695, 0.13352074890696844, -0.24152598828992008, -0.1325571476440278, 0.12272234534611925, 0.11908087429453319, 0.021170813993584097, -0.17739986737225472, 0.04096613894892341, -0.15051532798679546, 0.17202089191518358, 0.14113818865735084, 0.03581427706272474, 0.31029972403692746, 0.2499946578547159, 0.07956884664807669, -0.1357793702710686, -0.15963512666764604, 0.02398623408433715, -0.3420091576325441, -0.05000664502482063, -0.09358095485783581, 0.10923163290551331, -0.015939765825610915, -0.03493808681378141, 0.3777066673376664, 0.1585042412215054, 0.1933747348957695, 0.011965462320534113, 0.27182297250588555, 0.04703562527928235, 0.05471027467865497, 0.01919433769320936, 0.4095950444461778, 0.19097339672277616, 0.15823911228965568, -0.2754237070683822, 0.04406282371512914, -0.0014076570680897152] |
711.2379 | Prompt optical emission from residual collisions in GRB outflows | The prompt gamma-ray emission in gamma-ray bursts is believed to be produced
by internal shocks within a relativistic unsteady outflow. The recent detection
of prompt optical emission accompanying the prompt gamma-ray emission appears
to be inconsistent with this model since the out flowing plasma is expected to
be highly optically thick to optical photons. We show here that fluctuations in
flow properties on short, ~ 1 ms, time scale, which drive the gamma-ray
producing collisions at small radii, are expected to lead to "residual"
collisions at much larger radii, where the optical depth to optical photons is
low. The late residual collisions naturally account for the relatively bright
optical emission. The apparent simultaneity of gamma-ray and optical emission
is due to the highly relativistic speed with which the plasma expands. Residual
collisions may also account for the X-ray emission during the early "steep
decline" phase, where the radius is inferred to be larger than the gamma-ray
emission radius. Finally, we point out that inverse-Compton emission from
residual collisions at large radii is expected to contribute significantly to
the emission at high energy, and may therefore "smear" the pair production
spectral cut-off.
| astro-ph | the prompt gammaray emission in gammaray bursts is believed to be produced by internal shocks within a relativistic unsteady outflow the recent detection of prompt optical emission accompanying the prompt gammaray emission appears to be inconsistent with this model since the out flowing plasma is expected to be highly optically thick to optical photons we show here that fluctuations in flow properties on short 1 ms time scale which drive the gammaray producing collisions at small radii are expected to lead to residual collisions at much larger radii where the optical depth to optical photons is low the late residual collisions naturally account for the relatively bright optical emission the apparent simultaneity of gammaray and optical emission is due to the highly relativistic speed with which the plasma expands residual collisions may also account for the xray emission during the early steep decline phase where the radius is inferred to be larger than the gammaray emission radius finally we point out that inversecompton emission from residual collisions at large radii is expected to contribute significantly to the emission at high energy and may therefore smear the pair production spectral cutoff | [['the', 'prompt', 'gammaray', 'emission', 'in', 'gammaray', 'bursts', 'is', 'believed', 'to', 'be', 'produced', 'by', 'internal', 'shocks', 'within', 'a', 'relativistic', 'unsteady', 'outflow', 'the', 'recent', 'detection', 'of', 'prompt', 'optical', 'emission', 'accompanying', 'the', 'prompt', 'gammaray', 'emission', 'appears', 'to', 'be', 'inconsistent', 'with', 'this', 'model', 'since', 'the', 'out', 'flowing', 'plasma', 'is', 'expected', 'to', 'be', 'highly', 'optically', 'thick', 'to', 'optical', 'photons', 'we', 'show', 'here', 'that', 'fluctuations', 'in', 'flow', 'properties', 'on', 'short', '1', 'ms', 'time', 'scale', 'which', 'drive', 'the', 'gammaray', 'producing', 'collisions', 'at', 'small', 'radii', 'are', 'expected', 'to', 'lead', 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711.238 | Hidden time interpretation of quantum mechanics and "no protocol"
argument | Previously suggested hidden time interpretation of quantum mechanics allows
to reproduce the same predictions as standard quantum mechanics provides, since
it is based on Feynman many - paths formulation of QM. While new experimental
consequences of this interpretation are under investigation, some advantages
can be enumerated. (1) The interpretation is much field theoretic - like in
classical sense, so it is local in mathematical sense, though quantum
(physical) non-locality is preserved. (2) The interpretation is based on one
type of mathematical objects, rather than two different (Hilbert space vectors
and operators). (3) The interpretation, as it was argued, overcomes the problem
of hidden variables in a radically new way, with no conflict to Bell's theorem.
Recently an important argument against hidden variables - like formulations of
quantum theory was risen - "no protocol" argument. It is argued in the paper,
that hidden time interpretation successfully overcomes this argument.
| physics.gen-ph | previously suggested hidden time interpretation of quantum mechanics allows to reproduce the same predictions as standard quantum mechanics provides since it is based on feynman many paths formulation of qm while new experimental consequences of this interpretation are under investigation some advantages can be enumerated 1 the interpretation is much field theoretic like in classical sense so it is local in mathematical sense though quantum physical nonlocality is preserved 2 the interpretation is based on one type of mathematical objects rather than two different hilbert space vectors and operators 3 the interpretation as it was argued overcomes the problem of hidden variables in a radically new way with no conflict to bells theorem recently an important argument against hidden variables like formulations of quantum theory was risen no protocol argument it is argued in the paper that hidden time interpretation successfully overcomes this argument | [['previously', 'suggested', 'hidden', 'time', 'interpretation', 'of', 'quantum', 'mechanics', 'allows', 'to', 'reproduce', 'the', 'same', 'predictions', 'as', 'standard', 'quantum', 'mechanics', 'provides', 'since', 'it', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'feynman', 'many', 'paths', 'formulation', 'of', 'qm', 'while', 'new', 'experimental', 'consequences', 'of', 'this', 'interpretation', 'are', 'under', 'investigation', 'some', 'advantages', 'can', 'be', 'enumerated', '1', 'the', 'interpretation', 'is', 'much', 'field', 'theoretic', 'like', 'in', 'classical', 'sense', 'so', 'it', 'is', 'local', 'in', 'mathematical', 'sense', 'though', 'quantum', 'physical', 'nonlocality', 'is', 'preserved', '2', 'the', 'interpretation', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'one', 'type', 'of', 'mathematical', 'objects', 'rather', 'than', 'two', 'different', 'hilbert', 'space', 'vectors', 'and', 'operators', '3', 'the', 'interpretation', 'as', 'it', 'was', 'argued', 'overcomes', 'the', 'problem', 'of', 'hidden', 'variables', 'in', 'a', 'radically', 'new', 'way', 'with', 'no', 'conflict', 'to', 'bells', 'theorem', 'recently', 'an', 'important', 'argument', 'against', 'hidden', 'variables', 'like', 'formulations', 'of', 'quantum', 'theory', 'was', 'risen', 'no', 'protocol', 'argument', 'it', 'is', 'argued', 'in', 'the', 'paper', 'that', 'hidden', 'time', 'interpretation', 'successfully', 'overcomes', 'this', 'argument']] | [-0.0821021555004538, 0.1191850040123528, -0.16426154632224804, 0.133274975111514, -0.13807664342231066, -0.19086198552112263, 0.030318323467832267, 0.3127680058177147, -0.25783147995308453, -0.3310709988646623, 0.07600182567532304, -0.2237728876855019, -0.20005820282661566, 0.20389011091578546, -0.12831320410542604, 0.06381608291768417, 0.04212269451171677, 0.05548587783576093, -0.03779369706818317, -0.2203256087410005, 0.2804840281157542, 0.041438494291570455, 0.2933091330083294, 0.028232983298544748, 0.0975533733888167, 0.036256213914991044, -0.05072159884083602, 0.027436391026640194, -0.06366036929370643, 0.10232028152111322, 0.22064526059289669, 0.17347667868307326, 0.2980184753994561, -0.438824033506939, -0.26120740424084943, 0.1019253517329667, 0.1266922140008925, 0.12906802482353263, 0.0005366154752361277, -0.27815463415592806, 0.044356409531448864, -0.12884808407074566, -0.15884335644336212, -0.09850611672219303, 0.042337166265901435, -0.1067129090212499, -0.1834260309357584, 0.0639453828593509, 0.09651468330088796, 0.0586933249530072, -0.03511386767826884, -0.1093538110176774, 0.041939556896169156, 0.04515688891761885, 0.060657260352551624, 0.04230699355199855, 0.10050168846242337, -0.10104284116500316, -0.1950076913490193, 0.38479476233219934, 0.03251294471707903, -0.20815767986965106, 0.21186320528472102, -0.08624116693519884, -0.19663106958291288, 0.0709264676697785, 0.022253813726517063, 0.08354605904767393, -0.15592767869222574, 0.12104893156881896, -0.09040939034376708, 0.1770304175443016, 0.0840804865939491, 0.11970000913748259, 0.18664444396401653, 0.13056577761502317, 0.023472062958414124, 0.09116690025661632, -0.010146702675329935, -0.220647046853426, -0.34038901332274285, -0.1972617499349225, -0.2020487950778463, 0.07255299947832504, -0.06008457106579752, -0.1351440344393874, 0.32770430176687015, 0.1890892050169997, 0.17765027113232967, 0.01981358815747727, 0.2788656171954547, 0.1282606991416186, 0.08773145972776951, 0.03413348777555964, 0.2536359640469325, 0.17052973170454302, 0.09309522316228443, -0.11578000825829804, 0.11944781138057199, 0.103855720737354] |
711.2381 | Sufficient conditions for the convergence of the Magnus expansion | Two different sufficient conditions are given for the convergence of the
Magnus expansion arising in the study of the linear differential equation $Y' =
A(t) Y$. The first one provides a bound on the convergence domain based on the
norm of the operator $A(t)$. The second condition links the convergence of the
expansion with the structure of the spectrum of $Y(t)$, thus yielding a more
precise characterization. Several examples are proposed to illustrate the main
issues involved and the information on the convergence domain provided by both
conditions.
| math.CA | two different sufficient conditions are given for the convergence of the magnus expansion arising in the study of the linear differential equation y at y the first one provides a bound on the convergence domain based on the norm of the operator at the second condition links the convergence of the expansion with the structure of the spectrum of yt thus yielding a more precise characterization several examples are proposed to illustrate the main issues involved and the information on the convergence domain provided by both conditions | [['two', 'different', 'sufficient', 'conditions', 'are', 'given', 'for', 'the', 'convergence', 'of', 'the', 'magnus', 'expansion', 'arising', 'in', 'the', 'study', 'of', 'the', 'linear', 'differential', 'equation', 'y', 'at', 'y', 'the', 'first', 'one', 'provides', 'a', 'bound', 'on', 'the', 'convergence', 'domain', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'norm', 'of', 'the', 'operator', 'at', 'the', 'second', 'condition', 'links', 'the', 'convergence', 'of', 'the', 'expansion', 'with', 'the', 'structure', 'of', 'the', 'spectrum', 'of', 'yt', 'thus', 'yielding', 'a', 'more', 'precise', 'characterization', 'several', 'examples', 'are', 'proposed', 'to', 'illustrate', 'the', 'main', 'issues', 'involved', 'and', 'the', 'information', 'on', 'the', 'convergence', 'domain', 'provided', 'by', 'both', 'conditions']] | [-0.13520581647084662, 0.023744610678832764, -0.09476837560021982, 0.05225904265033274, -0.04527295733555809, -0.0684871320430746, 0.008879437245128826, 0.30836255984359434, -0.29397885909775034, -0.253497498987735, 0.17987110869739548, -0.259863223687842, -0.1057202548388092, 0.23044876984438334, -0.030065219142827494, 0.042562651148215794, 0.057567635061347794, 0.08555994646880648, -0.11443811987697992, -0.27099568957473613, 0.37625848341883084, 0.026192848228089427, 0.27273282249747166, 0.0706636090334719, 0.12940357525394053, -0.03547097523107953, -0.04888211009520823, -0.03867506593380166, -0.17836295620634637, 0.16564137543733606, 0.16505164444017031, 0.10677997485852275, 0.31231631379316616, -0.40206117666829594, -0.16134035982320022, 0.04941061690942138, 0.11065693948974555, 0.061526245410800325, -0.05213863086761591, -0.2826554113356718, 0.10331216659503935, -0.08362764077014878, -0.11253666846167254, -0.09276774645536795, -0.03561973308638573, 0.07429828826370168, -0.3139084724410994, 0.06426321291204157, 0.10626875189529068, 0.04768720269203186, -0.060055653569984366, -0.10363419769845646, -0.015538207421229145, 0.14046396862651253, 0.05552627677204965, -0.012347899857726505, 0.05187786013508836, -0.12460232647028806, -0.07714015767834652, 0.3572169990632041, -0.06983897310210628, -0.22894354864698033, 0.1797638487033332, -0.19128810947268515, -0.12061599114556508, 0.12877794301094508, 0.13784401948381772, 0.1386363814724074, -0.15483337030652375, 0.10886256444875429, 0.0037422041440832205, 0.08979242069421914, 0.06918821400352593, 0.04140660369597461, 0.09257848409871602, 0.15307401513530947, 0.1385005401318957, 0.13599538503364586, -0.04338908465726344, -0.1010507454138233, -0.3773621239367573, -0.1287595965349565, -0.1906170936130073, 0.0011603181710702249, -0.14295580528724014, -0.14686996820543347, 0.4229938840043956, 0.10115594231662736, 0.21074417850602117, 0.04710288752598324, 0.29866621788890885, 0.13753150296116504, -0.013948533427098701, 0.05327744163230233, 0.20019930661067195, 0.18474669416499293, 0.11676746945635512, -0.24668314237577102, 0.09133187420238023, 0.11712594806141723] |
711.2382 | Poisson approximation for search of rare words in DNA sequences | Using recent results on the occurrence times of a string of symbols in a
stochastic process with mixing properties, we present a new method for the
search of rare words in biological sequences generally modelled by a Markov
chain. We obtain a bound on the error between the distribution of the number of
occurrences of a word in a sequence (under a Markov model) and its Poisson
approximation. A global bound is already given by a Chen-Stein method. Our
approach, the psi-mixing method, gives local bounds. Since we only need the
error in the tails of distribution, the global uniform bound of Chen-Stein is
too large and it is a better way to consider local bounds. We search for two
thresholds on the number of occurrences from which we can regard the studied
word as an over-represented or an under-represented one. A biological role is
suggested for these over- or under-represented words. Our method gives such
thresholds for a panel of words much broader than the Chen-Stein method.
Comparing the methods, we observe a better accuracy for the psi-mixing method
for the bound of the tails of distribution. We also present the software PANOW
(available at http://stat.genopole.cnrs.fr/software/panowdir/) dedicated to the
computation of the error term and the thresholds for a studied word.
| math.PR math.ST stat.AP stat.TH | using recent results on the occurrence times of a string of symbols in a stochastic process with mixing properties we present a new method for the search of rare words in biological sequences generally modelled by a markov chain we obtain a bound on the error between the distribution of the number of occurrences of a word in a sequence under a markov model and its poisson approximation a global bound is already given by a chenstein method our approach the psimixing method gives local bounds since we only need the error in the tails of distribution the global uniform bound of chenstein is too large and it is a better way to consider local bounds we search for two thresholds on the number of occurrences from which we can regard the studied word as an overrepresented or an underrepresented one a biological role is suggested for these over or underrepresented words our method gives such thresholds for a panel of words much broader than the chenstein method comparing the methods we observe a better accuracy for the psimixing method for the bound of the tails of distribution we also present the software panow available at httpstatgenopolecnrsfrsoftwarepanowdir dedicated to the computation of the error term and the thresholds for a studied word | [['using', 'recent', 'results', 'on', 'the', 'occurrence', 'times', 'of', 'a', 'string', 'of', 'symbols', 'in', 'a', 'stochastic', 'process', 'with', 'mixing', 'properties', 'we', 'present', 'a', 'new', 'method', 'for', 'the', 'search', 'of', 'rare', 'words', 'in', 'biological', 'sequences', 'generally', 'modelled', 'by', 'a', 'markov', 'chain', 'we', 'obtain', 'a', 'bound', 'on', 'the', 'error', 'between', 'the', 'distribution', 'of', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'occurrences', 'of', 'a', 'word', 'in', 'a', 'sequence', 'under', 'a', 'markov', 'model', 'and', 'its', 'poisson', 'approximation', 'a', 'global', 'bound', 'is', 'already', 'given', 'by', 'a', 'chenstein', 'method', 'our', 'approach', 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711.2383 | Decoding the Golden Code: a VLSI design | The recently proposed Golden code is an optimal space-time block code for 2 X
2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The aim of this work is the
design of a VLSI decoder for a MIMO system coded with the Golden code. The
architecture is based on a rearrangement of the sphere decoding algorithm that
achieves maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding performance. Compared to other
approaces, the proposed solution exhibits an inherent flexibility in terms of
modulation schemes QAM modulation size and this makes our architecture
particularly suitable for adaptive modulation schemes.
| cs.AR | the recently proposed golden code is an optimal spacetime block code for 2 x 2 multipleinput multipleoutput mimo systems the aim of this work is the design of a vlsi decoder for a mimo system coded with the golden code the architecture is based on a rearrangement of the sphere decoding algorithm that achieves maximumlikelihood ml decoding performance compared to other approaces the proposed solution exhibits an inherent flexibility in terms of modulation schemes qam modulation size and this makes our architecture particularly suitable for adaptive modulation schemes | [['the', 'recently', 'proposed', 'golden', 'code', 'is', 'an', 'optimal', 'spacetime', 'block', 'code', 'for', '2', 'x', '2', 'multipleinput', 'multipleoutput', 'mimo', 'systems', 'the', 'aim', 'of', 'this', 'work', 'is', 'the', 'design', 'of', 'a', 'vlsi', 'decoder', 'for', 'a', 'mimo', 'system', 'coded', 'with', 'the', 'golden', 'code', 'the', 'architecture', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'a', 'rearrangement', 'of', 'the', 'sphere', 'decoding', 'algorithm', 'that', 'achieves', 'maximumlikelihood', 'ml', 'decoding', 'performance', 'compared', 'to', 'other', 'approaces', 'the', 'proposed', 'solution', 'exhibits', 'an', 'inherent', 'flexibility', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'modulation', 'schemes', 'qam', 'modulation', 'size', 'and', 'this', 'makes', 'our', 'architecture', 'particularly', 'suitable', 'for', 'adaptive', 'modulation', 'schemes']] | [-0.25722729813992634, -0.039734217303138676, -0.040975523464938345, 0.03430170909068066, -0.048452777533802664, -0.28007241822886225, 0.03897850168868899, 0.3926860810546526, -0.25578820497204346, -0.22905504649997444, 0.11120523874053796, -0.18619265953806796, -0.26560859213015814, 0.20594437723315653, -0.14613112279524407, 0.1317361090760464, 0.06000880215145733, 0.0007761135220998663, -0.13938650119803503, -0.32464613525689334, 0.27693200104698623, 0.22675202731257196, 0.37781138099387457, -0.05852558956235305, 0.13118910277529952, 0.01883119569245683, 0.015042576114593566, -0.11646636265019576, -0.08235054888440384, 0.09914425691996498, 0.2949799320649827, 0.22802520810423055, 0.2381712995555209, -0.289707047618583, -0.24480967824186745, 0.00845282955159401, 0.20635428735665207, 0.10205409489572048, -0.07898712761020395, -0.22336456103881971, 0.14663136264459156, -0.23559197395954323, -0.00396002175008086, 0.020543907319420372, -0.06363252498980226, 0.008370942735894659, -0.37214095432354116, -0.03077177991876486, 0.06500129399542835, 0.061368318954375625, -0.02395064776613452, -0.17426325259168216, 0.087074433889604, 0.05911271792204901, -0.02670960633844223, 0.06956391338655062, 0.04141949225302743, -0.030699754845693535, -0.14584066722028213, 0.37278682841309185, -0.01027708366010124, -0.29369459671353726, 0.1432592933489031, -0.030965187961513967, -0.07805969965397969, 0.20530288277365183, 0.28074202305455315, 0.07128166860697427, -0.14791376977602297, 0.0891529991199134, 0.005254164616438164, 0.2772127362449878, 0.04861847376557945, 0.11924035014884396, 0.1251408212775386, 0.2920575591724837, 0.09378892968772728, 0.15149240508399925, -0.18007517317791694, -0.116975378191591, -0.19690916280465565, -0.185490054838445, -0.212048825203045, -0.04636340470577793, -0.14778008670582912, -0.13977229723642612, 0.3538855267581583, 0.14317906700374408, 0.06931234409112012, 0.14410990546992714, 0.38750574099777757, 0.06605187974383134, 0.10925676902734685, 0.15933289628304625, 0.17927279675529265, 0.125600847065042, 0.10740820851094014, -0.2536943655236271, 0.047205019817184446, 0.054255810887392224] |
711.2384 | Nonequilibrium pairing instability in ultracold Fermi gases with
population imbalance | We present detailed numerical and analytical investigations of the
nonequilibrium dynamics of spin-polarized ultracold Fermi gases following a
sudden switching-on of the atom-atom pairing coupling strength. Within a
time-dependent mean-field approach we show that on increasing the imbalance it
takes longer for pairing to develop, the period of the nonlinear oscillations
lengthens, and the maximum value of the pairing amplitude decreases. As
expected, dynamical pairing is suppressed by the increase of the imbalance.
Eventually, for a critical value of the imbalance the nonlinear oscillations do
not even develop. Finally, we point out an interesting temperature-reentrant
behavior of the exponent characterizing the initial instability.
| cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con | we present detailed numerical and analytical investigations of the nonequilibrium dynamics of spinpolarized ultracold fermi gases following a sudden switchingon of the atomatom pairing coupling strength within a timedependent meanfield approach we show that on increasing the imbalance it takes longer for pairing to develop the period of the nonlinear oscillations lengthens and the maximum value of the pairing amplitude decreases as expected dynamical pairing is suppressed by the increase of the imbalance eventually for a critical value of the imbalance the nonlinear oscillations do not even develop finally we point out an interesting temperaturereentrant behavior of the exponent characterizing the initial instability | [['we', 'present', 'detailed', 'numerical', 'and', 'analytical', 'investigations', 'of', 'the', 'nonequilibrium', 'dynamics', 'of', 'spinpolarized', 'ultracold', 'fermi', 'gases', 'following', 'a', 'sudden', 'switchingon', 'of', 'the', 'atomatom', 'pairing', 'coupling', 'strength', 'within', 'a', 'timedependent', 'meanfield', 'approach', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'on', 'increasing', 'the', 'imbalance', 'it', 'takes', 'longer', 'for', 'pairing', 'to', 'develop', 'the', 'period', 'of', 'the', 'nonlinear', 'oscillations', 'lengthens', 'and', 'the', 'maximum', 'value', 'of', 'the', 'pairing', 'amplitude', 'decreases', 'as', 'expected', 'dynamical', 'pairing', 'is', 'suppressed', 'by', 'the', 'increase', 'of', 'the', 'imbalance', 'eventually', 'for', 'a', 'critical', 'value', 'of', 'the', 'imbalance', 'the', 'nonlinear', 'oscillations', 'do', 'not', 'even', 'develop', 'finally', 'we', 'point', 'out', 'an', 'interesting', 'temperaturereentrant', 'behavior', 'of', 'the', 'exponent', 'characterizing', 'the', 'initial', 'instability']] | [-0.2317555766853997, 0.22399275239192373, -0.10024175838585578, 0.11438492361533766, -0.01498867466637189, -0.1376076108769185, 0.11874030163173802, 0.2896984526887536, -0.2592042500664498, -0.24032694712285793, 0.017300617639157995, -0.2719651807610895, -0.1402484770754681, 0.18633232124300456, 0.04414076655281379, 0.02650272413430845, 0.0339167626328109, -0.0034869215907711608, -0.11931575888621748, -0.21028516719154283, 0.34463629334726753, 0.0620473558996238, 0.2943627727674503, 0.10191561508576806, 0.03433306331234966, 0.04490665878242284, 0.06050077414764411, 0.023956992677139008, -0.1624369292444231, 0.03750478636788566, 0.21110787675442064, -0.007105172223721941, 0.30417716255247157, -0.42736369216193754, -0.23031568923490306, 0.09468905332808693, 0.17420858870301506, 0.1784762860841903, -0.03127657089784157, -0.2577368322823781, -0.004339241071184184, -0.21441860844417676, -0.19532774784602225, -0.09916872299258031, 0.0664682934955493, 0.0458584962682068, -0.2738764349133799, 0.13279737308438794, 0.07862948228498948, 0.07705545855466933, -0.10398684682178438, -0.07342300966025933, -0.015496442468800381, 0.08554728099546742, 0.06961387203431085, 0.03408412954441326, 0.14429770431517824, -0.15574254515562572, -0.04532473025313925, 0.3167302398394574, -0.08942913074290618, -0.10861527044143454, 0.1591090401383482, -0.15899294997821106, -0.05358113490008548, 0.15177555953828142, 0.13884392495988412, 0.05626779828476263, -0.07476983931572999, 0.026783539639676317, -0.024258997747857197, 0.17701049254295262, -0.0032756076189780644, 0.00810519676865535, 0.22897145522338355, 0.20237065847579608, 0.09429563726892001, 0.1466269430467019, -0.1124099977474258, -0.1382620134756115, -0.3108303224503556, -0.09700895000395238, -0.17262998262566387, 0.08012482761556634, -0.04852313422523759, -0.16567157585557332, 0.41560104697504463, 0.18265220572185867, 0.1955986372743021, -0.001290846360372562, 0.2551114669927925, 0.19468802426297985, 0.03197919069198713, 0.04003074334696958, 0.2857423911930299, 0.110306409345118, 0.09860965301848802, -0.3861886961066036, 0.06234213859573299, 0.03105518497977755] |
711.2385 | Fast magnetization in counterstreaming plasmas with temperature
anisotropies | Counterstreaming plasmas exhibits an electromagnetic unstable mode of
filamentation type, which is responsible for the magnetization of plasma
system. It is shown that filamentation instability becomes significantly faster
when plasma is hotter in the streaming direction. This is relevant for
astrophysical sources, where strong magnetic fields are expected to exist and
explain the nothermal emission observed.
| physics.plasm-ph physics.gen-ph | counterstreaming plasmas exhibits an electromagnetic unstable mode of filamentation type which is responsible for the magnetization of plasma system it is shown that filamentation instability becomes significantly faster when plasma is hotter in the streaming direction this is relevant for astrophysical sources where strong magnetic fields are expected to exist and explain the nothermal emission observed | [['counterstreaming', 'plasmas', 'exhibits', 'an', 'electromagnetic', 'unstable', 'mode', 'of', 'filamentation', 'type', 'which', 'is', 'responsible', 'for', 'the', 'magnetization', 'of', 'plasma', 'system', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'filamentation', 'instability', 'becomes', 'significantly', 'faster', 'when', 'plasma', 'is', 'hotter', 'in', 'the', 'streaming', 'direction', 'this', 'is', 'relevant', 'for', 'astrophysical', 'sources', 'where', 'strong', 'magnetic', 'fields', 'are', 'expected', 'to', 'exist', 'and', 'explain', 'the', 'nothermal', 'emission', 'observed']] | [-0.17015808412424205, 0.29564311686633366, -0.022296462512829088, 0.1226095174672082, -0.0823266839354553, -0.12057082175531171, -0.1283874436196956, 0.37724931724369526, -0.23176122605800628, -0.23097265318713406, 0.03542239233131774, -0.23401102990928022, -0.053980180079286746, 0.28457598222250285, 0.03938754444772547, -0.04548174764283679, 0.02423847143284299, 0.0004957974338057366, 0.0874274022157558, -0.15560134741985662, 0.2817587480626323, 0.11262971513311971, 0.32407249036160385, 0.03206053217872977, 0.03627728012136438, -0.10535790594717996, 0.039417883885008366, 0.015330726280808449, -0.06290496772126061, -0.048551641188731245, 0.2201883354647593, 0.0707917051262815, 0.2214657773687081, -0.43686571891673587, -0.283727289008146, 0.04335031419653784, 0.24468045920472253, 0.11436786619226702, -0.0799037238270764, -0.20937618653035978, 0.0681495881893418, -0.09371847864240408, -0.1545111250724982, -0.02500392293388193, 0.06957040689462288, 0.02072363832796162, -0.3729924143461341, 0.1249358170242472, 0.1110863346606493, 0.004576852037148042, -0.09721637020226229, -0.022818909625692125, -0.051653926176103676, -0.02678593777448193, 0.16515779968943786, 0.10381836690516634, 0.20380290805108167, -0.1696527518459003, -0.04550565584478053, 0.435147808898579, -0.017762434781021016, -0.07001733928283846, 0.23583368138325486, -0.22044496133669533, -0.074963717027144, 0.2615987114269625, 0.1266060525382107, 0.11222229765050791, -0.09346418192488437, 0.008435991667846048, -0.02900550493293188, 0.14029923130927438, 0.10030109922570939, 0.054043115819381045, 0.24858561508696186, 0.17864956279623914, 0.07040077883919532, 0.15396284808997404, -0.12682880085300316, -0.04388703446496617, -0.24752450903708284, -0.12276735082268715, -0.10395265130315569, 0.016166001321239905, -0.0383444472655273, -0.20196984834513965, 0.35465542325242, 0.20578560925681483, 0.0816631802442399, -0.10361878611359068, 0.33071217954328114, 0.16825867390937427, 0.048189352308823305, 0.19382784915241327, 0.34451452424241735, 0.17950358600779012, 0.15749819275330412, -0.26431730603693393, 0.0766374607147141, -0.0025796783495355734] |
711.2386 | Distortion of Ultra-high-energy sky by Galactic Magnetic Field | We investigate the deflections of UHE protons by Galactic magnetic field(GMF)
using four conventional GMF models in order to discuss the positional
correlation between the arrival distribution of UHECRs and their sources. UHE
protons coming from the direction around the Galactic center are highly
deflected above $8^{\circ}$ by the dipole magnetic field during their
propagation in Galactic space. However, in bisymmetric spiral field models,
there are directions with the deflection angle below $1^{\circ}$. One of these
directions is toward Centaurus A, the nearest radio-loud active galactic nuclei
that is one of possible candidates of UHECR sources. On the other hand, UHE
protons arriving from the direction of the anti-Galactic center are less
deflected, especially in bisymmetric spiral field models. Thus, the northern
hemisphere, not including the Galactic center, is suitable for the studies of
correlation with sources. The dependence on model parameters is also
investigated. The deflection angles of UHE protons are dependent on the pitch
angle of the spiral field. We also investigate distortion of the supergalactic
plane by GMF. Since the distortion in the direction around Galactic center
strongly depends on the GMF model, we can obtain information on GMF around
Galactic center if Pierre Auger Observatory finds the significant positional
correlation around the supergalactic plane.
| astro-ph | we investigate the deflections of uhe protons by galactic magnetic fieldgmf using four conventional gmf models in order to discuss the positional correlation between the arrival distribution of uhecrs and their sources uhe protons coming from the direction around the galactic center are highly deflected above 8circ by the dipole magnetic field during their propagation in galactic space however in bisymmetric spiral field models there are directions with the deflection angle below 1circ one of these directions is toward centaurus a the nearest radioloud active galactic nuclei that is one of possible candidates of uhecr sources on the other hand uhe protons arriving from the direction of the antigalactic center are less deflected especially in bisymmetric spiral field models thus the northern hemisphere not including the galactic center is suitable for the studies of correlation with sources the dependence on model parameters is also investigated the deflection angles of uhe protons are dependent on the pitch angle of the spiral field we also investigate distortion of the supergalactic plane by gmf since the distortion in the direction around galactic center strongly depends on the gmf model we can obtain information on gmf around galactic center if pierre auger observatory finds the significant positional correlation around the supergalactic plane | [['we', 'investigate', 'the', 'deflections', 'of', 'uhe', 'protons', 'by', 'galactic', 'magnetic', 'fieldgmf', 'using', 'four', 'conventional', 'gmf', 'models', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'discuss', 'the', 'positional', 'correlation', 'between', 'the', 'arrival', 'distribution', 'of', 'uhecrs', 'and', 'their', 'sources', 'uhe', 'protons', 'coming', 'from', 'the', 'direction', 'around', 'the', 'galactic', 'center', 'are', 'highly', 'deflected', 'above', '8circ', 'by', 'the', 'dipole', 'magnetic', 'field', 'during', 'their', 'propagation', 'in', 'galactic', 'space', 'however', 'in', 'bisymmetric', 'spiral', 'field', 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'by', 'gmf', 'since', 'the', 'distortion', 'in', 'the', 'direction', 'around', 'galactic', 'center', 'strongly', 'depends', 'on', 'the', 'gmf', 'model', 'we', 'can', 'obtain', 'information', 'on', 'gmf', 'around', 'galactic', 'center', 'if', 'pierre', 'auger', 'observatory', 'finds', 'the', 'significant', 'positional', 'correlation', 'around', 'the', 'supergalactic', 'plane']] | [-0.13561364532963502, 0.1891569592540067, -0.010865706343041815, 0.12718820111862056, -0.11147767514246854, -0.005530184051606822, -0.0014113772993430422, 0.45670451527992306, -0.24821949738824678, -0.3281193388275046, -0.01238068399089276, -0.3380746138664547, -0.009294145709074638, 0.2197078058950531, 0.06684141763112539, -0.09312440787671485, -0.01526825196798081, -0.004507398660236223, -0.02520973439095542, -0.1769489284367458, 0.28601880907868416, 0.17456730802044057, 0.2342916258075387, -0.01237604297598563, 0.10568904553220612, -0.0022428333624333577, -0.01913285942001331, -0.011392743239130887, 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711.2387 | Hexagonal Structure of Baby Skyrmion Lattices | We study the zero-temperature crystalline structure of baby Skyrmions by
applying a full-field numerical minimization algorithm to baby Skyrmions placed
inside different parallelogramic unit-cells and imposing periodic boundary
conditions. We find that within this setup, the minimal energy is obtained for
the hexagonal lattice, and that in the resulting configuration the Skyrmion
splits into quarter-Skyrmions. In particular, we find that the energy in the
hexagonal case is lower than the one obtained on the well-studied rectangular
lattice, in which splitting into half-Skyrmions is observed.
| hep-th | we study the zerotemperature crystalline structure of baby skyrmions by applying a fullfield numerical minimization algorithm to baby skyrmions placed inside different parallelogramic unitcells and imposing periodic boundary conditions we find that within this setup the minimal energy is obtained for the hexagonal lattice and that in the resulting configuration the skyrmion splits into quarterskyrmions in particular we find that the energy in the hexagonal case is lower than the one obtained on the wellstudied rectangular lattice in which splitting into halfskyrmions is observed | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'zerotemperature', 'crystalline', 'structure', 'of', 'baby', 'skyrmions', 'by', 'applying', 'a', 'fullfield', 'numerical', 'minimization', 'algorithm', 'to', 'baby', 'skyrmions', 'placed', 'inside', 'different', 'parallelogramic', 'unitcells', 'and', 'imposing', 'periodic', 'boundary', 'conditions', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'within', 'this', 'setup', 'the', 'minimal', 'energy', 'is', 'obtained', 'for', 'the', 'hexagonal', 'lattice', 'and', 'that', 'in', 'the', 'resulting', 'configuration', 'the', 'skyrmion', 'splits', 'into', 'quarterskyrmions', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'energy', 'in', 'the', 'hexagonal', 'case', 'is', 'lower', 'than', 'the', 'one', 'obtained', 'on', 'the', 'wellstudied', 'rectangular', 'lattice', 'in', 'which', 'splitting', 'into', 'halfskyrmions', 'is', 'observed']] | [-0.1474268276857712, 0.15192789295347545, -0.05926772536391892, 0.032934929826296866, -0.05454420157219851, -0.08817915354355625, 0.06045573288801967, 0.40998769004647506, -0.2284805101268675, -0.2635344316637734, 0.10018142928346628, -0.23561721349634776, -0.10986927091768693, 0.16034387022529434, 0.010309939610590114, -0.005704231900958027, 0.04057605864150768, 0.038183471557070935, -0.08335249647554918, -0.23321593003688243, 0.2929275517420071, -0.028602896190089423, 0.32571564180912765, 0.04592158322835841, 0.07358400487744181, 0.028436349863867935, 0.11553474218107579, 0.06553183091668094, -0.221361801617338, 0.092656391158859, 0.15136938648888978, -0.03215967244241477, 0.15532454591891842, -0.49884283458586876, -0.1871807341713731, 0.08093503197064487, 0.14170166915964064, 0.13656665367023202, -0.08044430735753849, -0.2704477697673322, 0.1220078475705189, -0.11751290996240951, -0.13526807515881956, -0.062353969778774714, -0.026910885282587713, -0.019441025970480974, -0.23136846451216558, 0.057574216719353345, 0.04903457514805401, 0.005220603288673773, -0.1543660379446498, -0.13099061782903423, -0.08360071389413462, 0.06536719157564931, 0.02781667353630793, 0.0322695098300578, 0.09458588650904415, -0.12704269706964402, -0.09622897752901403, 0.42267710835922784, -0.019718567997809192, -0.19394589394967005, 0.10706522511942994, -0.1610222273653873, -0.1036361318064581, 0.13344551743258062, 0.11659861776250892, 0.08401928040221697, -0.08700377471310586, 0.09021186296935989, -0.11841706569141867, 0.15453066844947455, 0.11576410972729052, -0.007515810594734986, 0.21059642359614372, 0.21772813406295893, 0.09254797705926182, 0.24714017401608387, -0.09870022155980511, -0.1585313098323418, -0.27222794065785755, -0.10394640882476801, -0.20446710186306297, 0.02484646113589406, -0.08526508566865232, -0.1846326890106245, 0.41368920710392115, 0.08426339724157914, 0.19332534915245161, -0.04290895026728011, 0.24921811645759678, 0.0946329028527366, 0.11794587303089296, 0.059303726732628646, 0.2371518523815633, 0.07561792899207098, 0.06875713531314055, -0.2451377523006735, -0.06133071099771414, 0.09121136841216557] |
711.2388 | Fluctuations of the total entropy production in stochastic systems | Fluctuations of the excess heat in an out of equilibrium steady state are
experimentally investigated in two stochastic systems : an electric circuit
with an imposed mean current and a harmonic oscillator driven out of
equilibrium by a periodic torque. In these two linear systems, we study excess
heat that represents the difference between the dissipated heat out of
equilibrium and the dissipated heat at equilibrium. Fluctuation theorem holds
for the excess heat in the two experimental systems for all observation times
and for all fluctuation magnitudes.
| cond-mat.stat-mech | fluctuations of the excess heat in an out of equilibrium steady state are experimentally investigated in two stochastic systems an electric circuit with an imposed mean current and a harmonic oscillator driven out of equilibrium by a periodic torque in these two linear systems we study excess heat that represents the difference between the dissipated heat out of equilibrium and the dissipated heat at equilibrium fluctuation theorem holds for the excess heat in the two experimental systems for all observation times and for all fluctuation magnitudes | [['fluctuations', 'of', 'the', 'excess', 'heat', 'in', 'an', 'out', 'of', 'equilibrium', 'steady', 'state', 'are', 'experimentally', 'investigated', 'in', 'two', 'stochastic', 'systems', 'an', 'electric', 'circuit', 'with', 'an', 'imposed', 'mean', 'current', 'and', 'a', 'harmonic', 'oscillator', 'driven', 'out', 'of', 'equilibrium', 'by', 'a', 'periodic', 'torque', 'in', 'these', 'two', 'linear', 'systems', 'we', 'study', 'excess', 'heat', 'that', 'represents', 'the', 'difference', 'between', 'the', 'dissipated', 'heat', 'out', 'of', 'equilibrium', 'and', 'the', 'dissipated', 'heat', 'at', 'equilibrium', 'fluctuation', 'theorem', 'holds', 'for', 'the', 'excess', 'heat', 'in', 'the', 'two', 'experimental', 'systems', 'for', 'all', 'observation', 'times', 'and', 'for', 'all', 'fluctuation', 'magnitudes']] | [-0.20232881738284472, 0.15633932960156735, -0.05898002809628324, 0.051021817313550516, 0.050048546140017205, -0.0979111280595494, 0.07665231453287306, 0.3409483249970647, -0.2895730315750941, -0.2642189566652442, 0.07446500676721984, -0.3587419140304244, -0.038412899558627325, 0.2631633267413045, 0.0259402705529748, 0.0703714405143157, 0.005205151722441579, 0.026378469747426206, -0.034872417155447484, -0.15816410488806404, 0.28245149273289977, 0.03850301486699907, 0.2658534817733304, 0.03388437997890896, 0.10385475027223312, -0.05632179995002442, 0.019813269273876104, 0.05148893187558928, -0.13930438511754822, 0.05794384268039383, 0.20116643096471942, -0.035925103027947505, 0.24452646709112233, -0.4573401984498771, -0.23911462639672357, 0.16340635986565505, 0.0737215790157829, 0.07782342406206352, -0.034922256903333025, -0.18118450916263945, -0.00048139166671696095, -0.14008367505617614, -0.11041688054345201, -0.0707592687239264, 0.06757257944839291, 0.06517744369447491, -0.25611833790533767, 0.15972651755112374, 0.14504576939277264, 0.10016481040132254, -0.11326725022369173, -0.1270692988710348, -0.06620016963719282, 0.10777249881932728, 0.013761248981017013, -0.028093776053770683, 0.19065645303533868, -0.13533511687459987, -0.09689284974254321, 0.27121563940200694, -0.13063781640254135, -0.18093449635387854, 0.14439274602147295, -0.16738670199113184, -0.09179480472677062, 0.13864165010623808, 0.1015766818498716, 0.05671747118711125, -0.2604769334673535, 0.010802019342135767, 0.014139463713522567, 0.13496572262239317, 0.053068737114974576, -0.0010975936730933744, 0.29868928710171994, 0.14658831659877716, 0.10104352772928947, 0.22069761373622473, -0.07695188472957112, -0.1673358203274696, -0.32786513897482045, -0.15321982633877482, -0.19599409624771758, 0.11896624535235555, -0.04228611487497949, -0.12739154045080203, 0.3510438705751196, 0.16528833258442235, 0.1463128065874497, 0.01842437982071884, 0.2739946501665251, 0.19452166626619738, -0.018261594708662395, 0.15250661743934765, 0.30809746465245047, 0.17096498388753728, 0.1802458223740592, -0.3169023156339346, -0.0009968134596250778, 0.0007780974644214608] |
711.2389 | Superfield approach to symmetry invariance in QED with complex scalar
fields | We show that the Grassmannian independence of the super Lagrangian density,
expressed in terms of the superfields defined on a (4, 2)-dimensional
supermanifold, is a clear-cut proof for the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST)
and anti-BRST invariance of the corresoponding four (3 + 1)-dimensional (4D)
Lagrangian density that describes the interaction between the U(1) gauge field
and the charged complex scalar fields. The above 4D field theoretical model is
considered on a (4, 2)-dimensional supermanifold parametrized by the ordinary
four spacetime variables x^\mu (with \mu = 0, 1, 2, 3) and a pair of
Grassmannian variables \theta and \bar\theta (with \theta^2 = \bar\theta^2 = 0,
\theta \bar\theta + \bar\theta \theta = 0). Geometrically, the (anti-)BRST
invariance is encoded in the translation of the super Lagrangian density along
the Grassmannian directions of the above supermanifold such that the outcome of
this shift operation is zero.
| hep-th | we show that the grassmannian independence of the super lagrangian density expressed in terms of the superfields defined on a 4 2dimensional supermanifold is a clearcut proof for the becchirouetstoratyutin brst and antibrst invariance of the corresoponding four 3 1dimensional 4d lagrangian density that describes the interaction between the u1 gauge field and the charged complex scalar fields the above 4d field theoretical model is considered on a 4 2dimensional supermanifold parametrized by the ordinary four spacetime variables xmu with mu 0 1 2 3 and a pair of grassmannian variables theta and bartheta with theta2 bartheta2 0 theta bartheta bartheta theta 0 geometrically the antibrst invariance is encoded in the translation of the super lagrangian density along the grassmannian directions of the above supermanifold such that the outcome of this shift operation is zero | [['we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'grassmannian', 'independence', 'of', 'the', 'super', 'lagrangian', 'density', 'expressed', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'superfields', 'defined', 'on', 'a', '4', '2dimensional', 'supermanifold', 'is', 'a', 'clearcut', 'proof', 'for', 'the', 'becchirouetstoratyutin', 'brst', 'and', 'antibrst', 'invariance', 'of', 'the', 'corresoponding', 'four', '3', '1dimensional', '4d', 'lagrangian', 'density', 'that', 'describes', 'the', 'interaction', 'between', 'the', 'u1', 'gauge', 'field', 'and', 'the', 'charged', 'complex', 'scalar', 'fields', 'the', 'above', '4d', 'field', 'theoretical', 'model', 'is', 'considered', 'on', 'a', '4', '2dimensional', 'supermanifold', 'parametrized', 'by', 'the', 'ordinary', 'four', 'spacetime', 'variables', 'xmu', 'with', 'mu', '0', '1', '2', '3', 'and', 'a', 'pair', 'of', 'grassmannian', 'variables', 'theta', 'and', 'bartheta', 'with', 'theta2', 'bartheta2', '0', 'theta', 'bartheta', 'bartheta', 'theta', '0', 'geometrically', 'the', 'antibrst', 'invariance', 'is', 'encoded', 'in', 'the', 'translation', 'of', 'the', 'super', 'lagrangian', 'density', 'along', 'the', 'grassmannian', 'directions', 'of', 'the', 'above', 'supermanifold', 'such', 'that', 'the', 'outcome', 'of', 'this', 'shift', 'operation', 'is', 'zero']] | [-0.22025117241089412, 0.21973811646701016, -0.029938793032249406, 0.07173088760942277, -0.07196493373328904, -0.13477216295397548, -0.05105999659932802, 0.31026249555453883, -0.2368983647494174, -0.25097884506042767, 0.02113754153008392, -0.22483888774443028, -0.15647850086245296, 0.04770739369073521, -0.06332518049487983, -0.009719186559764307, -0.0855252589585621, 0.10117152458710123, -0.13998109569713132, -0.22268721713413442, 0.3606912551739656, -0.045040326832390544, 0.2055139443750229, -0.011938390975182532, 0.1894820879296914, 0.04730826729922486, 0.016108103958306027, -0.05321285886161808, -0.10179826254349805, 0.0906266962775766, 0.18665891211634544, 0.101224897634377, 0.11104410202520441, -0.34529375049299493, -0.15930975556596003, 0.10184131863391471, 0.14234718212287928, -0.003763593092157658, 0.03175320022273809, -0.3048240497826473, 0.030810096999630332, -0.12864890886442876, -0.2127648126690148, -0.09606059639255947, 0.04840840896202335, -0.06363646839849595, -0.2836197859941245, 0.08928246089994017, 0.07133721081112553, 0.11683826169360485, -0.05734398084650956, -0.15391461473347537, -0.09790512163942652, 0.021016284816467494, 0.0926601440609266, 0.1587455157093259, 0.15213448346119873, -0.16265279608048888, -0.0953591756232486, 0.38729384178017723, -0.07398151355420253, -0.31370482246266373, 0.0965185889126316, -0.17739815182624205, -0.1967395410956398, 0.11537439173084002, 0.05738401451884811, 0.17059062060608127, -0.0940426817205526, 0.2601652301642905, -0.06153314564039986, 0.12250503231145775, 0.10288109524703737, -0.003944770554636619, 0.18980005314684847, 0.07749295364648326, 0.06400824502569193, 0.03947921855889483, -0.050829647647550526, -0.09064367409958851, -0.4540570095292668, -0.20734207925743792, -0.11113697936091183, 0.13840560217165568, -0.16999229485448797, -0.099494979080897, 0.3685450599070138, 0.08336094422995655, 0.19817734591023467, 0.09535517824922103, 0.22216086973672483, 0.10996322222219071, 0.05006715042669493, 0.016343188552019088, 0.18789909134181076, 0.21956445899646063, 0.031859209319687824, -0.21289583919882607, -0.12531171844396463, 0.1448779431043137] |
711.239 | Potential for measurement of the tensor magnetic polarizability of the
deuteron in storage ring experiments | General formulas describing deuteron spin dynamics in storage rings with
allowance for the tensor electric and magnetic polarizabilities are derived. It
is found that an initially tensor-polarized deuteron beam can acquire a final
horizontal vector polarization of the order of 1%. This effect allows one to
measure the tensor magnetic polarizability of the deuteron in storage ring
experiments. We also confirm an existence of the effect found by Baryshevsky
and Gurinovich, hep-ph/0506135 and Baryshevsky, hep-ph/0510158; hep-ph/0603191
that the tensor magnetic polarizability of the deuteron causes the spin
rotation with two frequencies and experiences beating for polarized deuteron
beams in storage rings.
| nucl-th | general formulas describing deuteron spin dynamics in storage rings with allowance for the tensor electric and magnetic polarizabilities are derived it is found that an initially tensorpolarized deuteron beam can acquire a final horizontal vector polarization of the order of 1 this effect allows one to measure the tensor magnetic polarizability of the deuteron in storage ring experiments we also confirm an existence of the effect found by baryshevsky and gurinovich hepph0506135 and baryshevsky hepph0510158 hepph0603191 that the tensor magnetic polarizability of the deuteron causes the spin rotation with two frequencies and experiences beating for polarized deuteron beams in storage rings | [['general', 'formulas', 'describing', 'deuteron', 'spin', 'dynamics', 'in', 'storage', 'rings', 'with', 'allowance', 'for', 'the', 'tensor', 'electric', 'and', 'magnetic', 'polarizabilities', 'are', 'derived', 'it', 'is', 'found', 'that', 'an', 'initially', 'tensorpolarized', 'deuteron', 'beam', 'can', 'acquire', 'a', 'final', 'horizontal', 'vector', 'polarization', 'of', 'the', 'order', 'of', '1', 'this', 'effect', 'allows', 'one', 'to', 'measure', 'the', 'tensor', 'magnetic', 'polarizability', 'of', 'the', 'deuteron', 'in', 'storage', 'ring', 'experiments', 'we', 'also', 'confirm', 'an', 'existence', 'of', 'the', 'effect', 'found', 'by', 'baryshevsky', 'and', 'gurinovich', 'hepph0506135', 'and', 'baryshevsky', 'hepph0510158', 'hepph0603191', 'that', 'the', 'tensor', 'magnetic', 'polarizability', 'of', 'the', 'deuteron', 'causes', 'the', 'spin', 'rotation', 'with', 'two', 'frequencies', 'and', 'experiences', 'beating', 'for', 'polarized', 'deuteron', 'beams', 'in', 'storage', 'rings']] | [-0.16859697219291606, 0.22871963552843788, -0.05225739983323308, 0.052092722341053416, -0.04623392428818744, -0.07655662541594549, -0.06341982745210227, 0.38388085472829564, -0.2552131219795838, -0.2411461354031698, -0.02100094735559998, -0.2749978128807756, -0.05512199781297408, 0.15589266375052868, 0.09190905467230831, 0.012658827395668043, 0.0005596529850832273, 0.0629799097305951, -0.054004051439348874, -0.17537849440633022, 0.3371224996355391, 0.09839386347028398, 0.287351564897858, 0.12144287672258683, 0.07306595838907146, 0.04378650957219226, 0.028311968104164933, -0.006645162561044251, -0.07042855905328718, 0.11191267834150607, 0.22274198434939704, 0.04327751778680639, 0.11975173947891009, -0.47551805892786414, -0.09905802963551172, 0.07048901088401369, 0.10002782075310644, 0.18245184222313085, -0.052090713553869926, -0.2503931511952014, 0.02687752631867362, -0.21053280640086255, -0.17709351085683273, -0.17175172497854405, 0.1035451133994712, 0.056019236208851804, -0.31438193270533354, 0.04145649423763953, 0.05826143142239181, 0.06482203582094108, -0.16772921485694356, -0.19463077878709115, -0.015627639886644697, 0.047726213485578595, 0.08901410166068559, 0.05140127720714537, 0.16397387496454968, -0.12200644256585498, -0.12750653753575591, 0.3790257307628803, -0.056996998291933124, -0.17868839858157426, 0.04929462703876197, -0.25114181777462363, -0.0332830617511549, 0.14379841953362385, 0.16494603747905223, 0.10367763191269538, -0.1362472548840817, 0.02568118179399405, -0.044688466158647515, 0.17491506677260144, 0.14393984522795325, 0.046505222889743555, 0.22457782302013377, 0.11636825095977366, 0.031134586819968446, 0.1542062703424047, -0.15723634812712056, -0.04129288526079089, -0.2551538564178363, -0.12412744413907688, -0.1559505030301582, 0.08050528163877652, -0.050071530710766574, -0.11009595309835427, 0.368124597427464, 0.09105183277759202, 0.140244348149281, -0.037626591568678314, 0.3562476673576328, 0.07890297931417362, 0.08801380380839302, 0.062498674089492286, 0.2791721943631461, 0.2633849892635666, 0.13661501763062073, -0.29507882660734897, 0.05039293971392758, -0.009691704093411411] |
711.2391 | Local conjugacy classes for analytic torus flows | If a real-analytic flow on the multidimensional torus close enough to linear
has a unique rotation vector which satisfies an arithmetical condition Y, then
it is analytically conjugate to linear. We show this by proving that the orbit
under renormalization of a constant Y vector field attracts all nearby orbits
with the same rotation vector.
| math.DS | if a realanalytic flow on the multidimensional torus close enough to linear has a unique rotation vector which satisfies an arithmetical condition y then it is analytically conjugate to linear we show this by proving that the orbit under renormalization of a constant y vector field attracts all nearby orbits with the same rotation vector | [['if', 'a', 'realanalytic', 'flow', 'on', 'the', 'multidimensional', 'torus', 'close', 'enough', 'to', 'linear', 'has', 'a', 'unique', 'rotation', 'vector', 'which', 'satisfies', 'an', 'arithmetical', 'condition', 'y', 'then', 'it', 'is', 'analytically', 'conjugate', 'to', 'linear', 'we', 'show', 'this', 'by', 'proving', 'that', 'the', 'orbit', 'under', 'renormalization', 'of', 'a', 'constant', 'y', 'vector', 'field', 'attracts', 'all', 'nearby', 'orbits', 'with', 'the', 'same', 'rotation', 'vector']] | [-0.20817062346772713, 0.13382758900591976, -0.1097692211327905, 0.015066302559253845, -0.12986906911669807, -0.17199583704668012, 0.02057126470926133, 0.35950509775006634, -0.34457873109389436, -0.1418195422061465, 0.07543224357386034, -0.23572387735740366, -0.12370269770141352, 0.19206534534354103, -0.06704954476180401, 0.06638543295081366, 0.05668138134377924, 0.13548710531851446, -0.1263665797231211, -0.2922712017528035, 0.3575428851266307, -0.020150774395601315, 0.20991156976670028, -0.023726084638937293, 0.18776875095949933, 0.04131978607990525, 0.0608948410234668, 0.025955685617571528, -0.15626012354901336, 0.06522174823013219, 0.19731955855492164, 0.09231163032183592, 0.26993681227111005, -0.32242575262419204, -0.1855949179650369, 0.13700142733075402, 0.11740016242997213, 0.03486270642712374, -0.05806162934115326, -0.2508998006920923, 0.17044087128544397, -0.09411651451479305, -0.1888785091567446, -0.11210306363010948, 0.11261290360284461, 0.013587322674522345, -0.29938926756043327, -0.003879267180507833, 0.12890312427824194, 0.09140799473971128, -0.06341194617138668, -0.022674214958467265, -0.11558525277809663, 0.058987131604755466, 0.10148035488322917, 0.13243998436426574, 0.09027155080640858, -0.053085683544420385, -0.02014424976130778, 0.3823385419154709, -0.1351104030724276, -0.28350491649047893, 0.16242019659416243, -0.1928816126744178, -0.13265690961006013, 0.12932724782096391, 0.13711521305482496, 0.11401338164101947, -0.09169522689824755, 0.17619343941861934, -0.16259560749273408, 0.1437391972677274, 0.07380727541378954, -0.05105665201659907, 0.20592482504858212, 0.042063419334590436, 0.1797242886302146, 0.0796085078607906, -0.06595335001210598, -0.059291028815575623, -0.31022256836295126, -0.13616669938306916, -0.14200569533700633, 0.1486686524850401, -0.09173656536096876, -0.17534735885194758, 0.35327040854502806, 0.04601614287292415, 0.24031554211608389, 0.04766824887800877, 0.27594460191374476, 0.13424029023471204, 0.04401113316840069, 0.16874720053747297, 0.2173503196205605, 0.22338467349975624, 0.024221434621987017, -0.20878733588721266, 0.028153708975084804, 0.10977061614394187] |
711.2392 | Solving the discrepancy between the seismic and photospheric solar
radius | Two methods are used to observationally determine the solar radius: One is
the observation of the intensity profile at the limb, the other one uses f-mode
frequencies to derive a 'seismic' solar radius which is then corrected to
optical depth unity. The two methods are inconsistent and lead to a difference
in the solar radius of $\sim$0.3 Mm. Because of the geometrical extention of
the solar photosphere and the increased path lengths of tangential rays the Sun
appears to be larger to an observer who measures the extent of the solar disk.
Based on radiative transfer calculations we show that this discrepancy can be
explained by the difference between the height at disk center where
$\tau_{\mathrm{5000}}=1$ ($\tau_{\mathrm{Ross}}=2/3$) and the inflection point
of the intensity profile on the limb. We calculate the intensity profile of the
limb for the MDI continuum and the continuum at 5000 {\AA} for two atmosphere
structures and compare the position of the inflection points with the radius at
$\tau_{\mathrm{5000}}=1$ ($\tau_{\mathrm{Ross}}=2/3$). The calculated
difference between the 'seismic' radius and the inflection point is $0.347\pm
0.06$ Mm with respect to $\tau_{\mathrm{5000}}=1$ and $0.333\pm 0.08$ Mm with
respect to $\tau_{\mathrm{Ross}}=2/3$. We conclude that the standard solar
radius in evolutionary models has to be lowered by $0.333\pm 0.08$ Mm and is
695.66 Mm. Furthermore, this correction reconciles inflection point
measurements and the 'seismic' radii within the uncertainty.
| astro-ph | two methods are used to observationally determine the solar radius one is the observation of the intensity profile at the limb the other one uses fmode frequencies to derive a seismic solar radius which is then corrected to optical depth unity the two methods are inconsistent and lead to a difference in the solar radius of sim03 mm because of the geometrical extention of the solar photosphere and the increased path lengths of tangential rays the sun appears to be larger to an observer who measures the extent of the solar disk based on radiative transfer calculations we show that this discrepancy can be explained by the difference between the height at disk center where tau_mathrm50001 tau_mathrmross23 and the inflection point of the intensity profile on the limb we calculate the intensity profile of the limb for the mdi continuum and the continuum at 5000 aa for two atmosphere structures and compare the position of the inflection points with the radius at tau_mathrm50001 tau_mathrmross23 the calculated difference between the seismic radius and the inflection point is 0347pm 006 mm with respect to tau_mathrm50001 and 0333pm 008 mm with respect to tau_mathrmross23 we conclude that the standard solar radius in evolutionary models has to be lowered by 0333pm 008 mm and is 69566 mm furthermore this correction reconciles inflection point measurements and the seismic radii within the uncertainty | [['two', 'methods', 'are', 'used', 'to', 'observationally', 'determine', 'the', 'solar', 'radius', 'one', 'is', 'the', 'observation', 'of', 'the', 'intensity', 'profile', 'at', 'the', 'limb', 'the', 'other', 'one', 'uses', 'fmode', 'frequencies', 'to', 'derive', 'a', 'seismic', 'solar', 'radius', 'which', 'is', 'then', 'corrected', 'to', 'optical', 'depth', 'unity', 'the', 'two', 'methods', 'are', 'inconsistent', 'and', 'lead', 'to', 'a', 'difference', 'in', 'the', 'solar', 'radius', 'of', 'sim03', 'mm', 'because', 'of', 'the', 'geometrical', 'extention', 'of', 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711.2393 | Grazing Incidence Reflection and Scattering of MeV Protons | Treating protons as de Broglie waves shows that up to a few MeV energies
protons experience total external reflection using the index of refraction
concept for the target earlier applied to electrons. Angular scattering
distributions can be explained by random surface scattering as known for
X-rays. Applied to the {\it{Chandra}} and {\it{XMM-Newton}} X-ray telescopes
the calculated reflection efficiencies can explain the observed degradation of
the X-ray CCDs for both missions. Some discussion about the possibility of
realizing imaging sub-MeV and MeV proton optics is presented.
| astro-ph | treating protons as de broglie waves shows that up to a few mev energies protons experience total external reflection using the index of refraction concept for the target earlier applied to electrons angular scattering distributions can be explained by random surface scattering as known for xrays applied to the itchandra and itxmmnewton xray telescopes the calculated reflection efficiencies can explain the observed degradation of the xray ccds for both missions some discussion about the possibility of realizing imaging submev and mev proton optics is presented | [['treating', 'protons', 'as', 'de', 'broglie', 'waves', 'shows', 'that', 'up', 'to', 'a', 'few', 'mev', 'energies', 'protons', 'experience', 'total', 'external', 'reflection', 'using', 'the', 'index', 'of', 'refraction', 'concept', 'for', 'the', 'target', 'earlier', 'applied', 'to', 'electrons', 'angular', 'scattering', 'distributions', 'can', 'be', 'explained', 'by', 'random', 'surface', 'scattering', 'as', 'known', 'for', 'xrays', 'applied', 'to', 'the', 'itchandra', 'and', 'itxmmnewton', 'xray', 'telescopes', 'the', 'calculated', 'reflection', 'efficiencies', 'can', 'explain', 'the', 'observed', 'degradation', 'of', 'the', 'xray', 'ccds', 'for', 'both', 'missions', 'some', 'discussion', 'about', 'the', 'possibility', 'of', 'realizing', 'imaging', 'submev', 'and', 'mev', 'proton', 'optics', 'is', 'presented']] | [-0.06396294509371121, 0.25539801722680705, -0.06906679733323731, 0.1587204889108848, -0.08362387531849977, -0.1046126767004829, 0.01783283587012972, 0.4361493461543605, -0.23275049235339143, -0.39942102830502246, -0.00499333960137197, -0.32092859675841673, -0.013973393133797106, 0.24930991826667673, -0.008833062180894472, 0.04782160842192492, 0.04242336898598643, -0.06506528186478786, -0.025197281078102866, -0.16623532758205242, 0.24792757697979964, 0.17194476963153907, 0.22708950455610952, 0.0882913009319011, 0.10123991769450229, 0.07395279213752863, -0.021108805429234746, -0.030510595489648126, -0.06738586424355508, 0.061266756184133034, 0.30167463458686444, 0.045860910411214546, 0.13562781249527775, -0.4016848287456447, -0.29893048805007266, 0.037969092363103606, 0.14442782817890734, 0.030283874036589015, -0.07731369663296002, -0.28888086616505115, 0.0039025808218866587, -0.16523224975736367, -0.228269290262168, -0.016706055818801923, -0.020777545387058387, 0.03397952407665018, -0.19647544258761973, 0.03382706626628836, -0.002699000827435936, -0.0037836230725848247, -0.13095125350879416, -0.1483391445196633, -0.02159302140630427, 0.03875887665587167, 0.07742115439170794, 0.008209873689338565, 0.15495944043089235, -0.10133585747930088, -0.12982589784189172, 0.39435908424534966, -0.02799746620890108, -0.06066877823988242, 0.1324294736231899, -0.2046806124160953, -0.04566832513470823, 0.23084971517147052, 0.1292549220324006, 0.08933153276198677, -0.13694379524150418, 0.028301525837464613, 0.031101488419586702, 0.20426278249526927, 0.19104819985347735, 0.04087030817754567, 0.22510818341175937, 0.1325322475888589, 0.0031539349971959987, 0.08851259041693993, -0.20497170814113425, 0.032948098184230425, -0.26613852169386865, -0.13589305411802516, -0.15905293278185473, 0.09992844521045863, -0.035295492381486666, -0.08372908484722887, 0.3129146015105237, 0.12095332595552984, 0.14447887734110867, -0.029995711223732326, 0.3140275139372707, 0.11988862027092614, 0.0647326677183931, 0.018010433669024634, 0.3102712418978973, 0.1841937890525774, 0.15079232003717197, -0.22102233837913013, 0.02469889924950188, -0.024413417381722303] |
711.2394 | Compact complete minimal immersions in R^3 | In this paper we find, for any arbitrary finite topological type, a compact
Riemann surface $\mathcal{M},$ an open domain $M\subset\mathcal{M}$ with the
fixed topological type, and a conformal complete minimal immersion $X:M\to\R^3$
which can be extended to a continuous map $X:\bar{M}\to\R^3,$ such that
$X_{|\partial M}$ is an embedding and the Hausdorff dimension of $X(\partial
M)$ is $1.$
We also prove that complete minimal surfaces are dense in the space of
minimal surfaces spanning a finite set of closed curves in $\R^3$, endowed with
the topology of the Hausdorff distance.
| math.DG | in this paper we find for any arbitrary finite topological type a compact riemann surface mathcalm an open domain msubsetmathcalm with the fixed topological type and a conformal complete minimal immersion xmtor3 which can be extended to a continuous map xbarmtor3 such that x_partial m is an embedding and the hausdorff dimension of xpartial m is 1 we also prove that complete minimal surfaces are dense in the space of minimal surfaces spanning a finite set of closed curves in r3 endowed with the topology of the hausdorff distance | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'find', 'for', 'any', 'arbitrary', 'finite', 'topological', 'type', 'a', 'compact', 'riemann', 'surface', 'mathcalm', 'an', 'open', 'domain', 'msubsetmathcalm', 'with', 'the', 'fixed', 'topological', 'type', 'and', 'a', 'conformal', 'complete', 'minimal', 'immersion', 'xmtor3', 'which', 'can', 'be', 'extended', 'to', 'a', 'continuous', 'map', 'xbarmtor3', 'such', 'that', 'x_partial', 'm', 'is', 'an', 'embedding', 'and', 'the', 'hausdorff', 'dimension', 'of', 'xpartial', 'm', 'is', '1', 'we', 'also', 'prove', 'that', 'complete', 'minimal', 'surfaces', 'are', 'dense', 'in', 'the', 'space', 'of', 'minimal', 'surfaces', 'spanning', 'a', 'finite', 'set', 'of', 'closed', 'curves', 'in', 'r3', 'endowed', 'with', 'the', 'topology', 'of', 'the', 'hausdorff', 'distance']] | [-0.18286818064310972, 0.1440384957312798, -0.06468734434422324, 0.06938018137726057, -0.08991351321284824, -0.11179588958621026, 0.012514551193453372, 0.3588047606925316, -0.27662115217569994, -0.1977328911423683, 0.11690570431186215, -0.27784146479166605, -0.13191398365751786, 0.18844368211815463, -0.13404573392232552, 0.021422650040510822, 0.024901506315697642, 0.09553590717122835, -0.1398213617339292, -0.2650726991869948, 0.4055801556938711, -0.1073606457999524, 0.20993633525555624, 0.07822679191389505, 0.12782520523623508, -0.022495456133037807, 0.03295038569828167, 0.10921663671478574, -0.18398141077093041, 0.1660108388401568, 0.24188473294763005, 0.08375979399253779, 0.17162676102974836, -0.37843658117687, -0.2687828085866332, 0.18144171808243675, 0.09254028293687631, 0.005557405854137066, -0.026872512589975753, -0.26333388320772966, 0.1675921813091811, -0.12123326593462158, -0.19197788852650452, -0.02347717835184406, 0.0980406003730262, -0.031520095686702165, -0.2326718567076194, -0.05004748329828384, 0.10762833096360898, 0.10154896781725042, -0.07515149311546017, -0.0014635201981839012, -0.0838443442603902, 0.11687692703870947, -0.07626510028563002, 0.14710676942349357, 0.025366028550984885, -0.05007917154306436, -0.08287570103455116, 0.3539190069005332, -0.12338322647573317, -0.2905633440350785, 0.1968496834311415, -0.16563964120167143, -0.11343582900898422, 0.14548450917662942, 0.13289252294994452, 0.15160244641935125, -0.0926783623502535, 0.23762238888371298, -0.11590945379918112, 0.13078775987001684, 0.060671740041717014, 0.015444473253891748, 0.16353723414461402, 0.15631501328419237, 0.18027210678247846, 0.14346243320032953, -0.04935534182278549, 0.003078368174679139, -0.4007416089229724, -0.23750266429338165, -0.18444468694574692, 0.14123709611594676, -0.15265757625011783, -0.24420779145815794, 0.3626204864012406, 0.0008180598801974316, 0.22765922344782774, 0.0970382073579137, 0.21106002367485097, 0.05403824665135129, 0.020315377918236396, 0.1363798654583447, 0.09935888973996043, 0.10380081168430692, -0.06347303386805031, -0.14465696644311882, -0.06724449957940071, 0.14103248087579714] |
711.2395 | The Casimir effect as scattering problem | We show that Casimir-force calculations for a finite number of
non-overlapping obstacles can be mapped onto quantum-mechanical billiard-type
problems which are characterized by the scattering of a fictitious point
particle off the very same obstacles. With the help of a modified Krein trace
formula the genuine/finite part of the Casimir energy is determined as the
energy-weighted integral over the log-determinant of the multi-scattering
matrix of the analog billiard problem. The formalism is self-regulating and
inherently shows that the Casimir energy is governed by the infrared end of the
multi-scattering phase shifts or spectrum of the fluctuating field. The
calculation is exact and in principle applicable for any separation(s) between
the obstacles. In practice, it is more suited for large- to medium-range
separations. We report especially about the Casimir energy of a fluctuating
massless scalar field between two spheres or a sphere and a plate under
Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. But the formalism can easily be
extended to any number of spheres and/or planes in three or arbitrary
dimensions, with a variety of boundary conditions or non-overlapping
potentials/non-ideal reflectors.
| quant-ph hep-th nlin.CD nucl-th | we show that casimirforce calculations for a finite number of nonoverlapping obstacles can be mapped onto quantummechanical billiardtype problems which are characterized by the scattering of a fictitious point particle off the very same obstacles with the help of a modified krein trace formula the genuinefinite part of the casimir energy is determined as the energyweighted integral over the logdeterminant of the multiscattering matrix of the analog billiard problem the formalism is selfregulating and inherently shows that the casimir energy is governed by the infrared end of the multiscattering phase shifts or spectrum of the fluctuating field the calculation is exact and in principle applicable for any separations between the obstacles in practice it is more suited for large to mediumrange separations we report especially about the casimir energy of a fluctuating massless scalar field between two spheres or a sphere and a plate under dirichlet and neumann boundary conditions but the formalism can easily be extended to any number of spheres andor planes in three or arbitrary dimensions with a variety of boundary conditions or nonoverlapping potentialsnonideal reflectors | [['we', 'show', 'that', 'casimirforce', 'calculations', 'for', 'a', 'finite', 'number', 'of', 'nonoverlapping', 'obstacles', 'can', 'be', 'mapped', 'onto', 'quantummechanical', 'billiardtype', 'problems', 'which', 'are', 'characterized', 'by', 'the', 'scattering', 'of', 'a', 'fictitious', 'point', 'particle', 'off', 'the', 'very', 'same', 'obstacles', 'with', 'the', 'help', 'of', 'a', 'modified', 'krein', 'trace', 'formula', 'the', 'genuinefinite', 'part', 'of', 'the', 'casimir', 'energy', 'is', 'determined', 'as', 'the', 'energyweighted', 'integral', 'over', 'the', 'logdeterminant', 'of', 'the', 'multiscattering', 'matrix', 'of', 'the', 'analog', 'billiard', 'problem', 'the', 'formalism', 'is', 'selfregulating', 'and', 'inherently', 'shows', 'that', 'the', 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711.2396 | First-principles study of lithium-doped carbon clathrates under pressure | We present a theoretical study on the behavior under pressure of the two
hypothetical C$_{46}$ and Li$_8$C$_{46}$ type-I carbon clathrates in order to
bring new informations concerning their synthesis. Using \textit{ab initio}
calculations, we have explored the energetic and structural properties under
pressure of these two carbon based cage-like materials. These low-density
meta-stable phases show large negative pressure transitions compared to diamond
which represent a serious obstacle for their synthesis. However, we evidence
that a minimum energy barrier can be reached close to 40 GPa, suggesting that
the synthesis of the Li-clathrate under extreme conditions of pressure and
temperature may be possible. Electronic band structure with related density of
states behavior under pressure as well as the dependence of the active Raman
modes with pressure are also examined.
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci | we present a theoretical study on the behavior under pressure of the two hypothetical c_46 and li_8c_46 typei carbon clathrates in order to bring new informations concerning their synthesis using textitab initio calculations we have explored the energetic and structural properties under pressure of these two carbon based cagelike materials these lowdensity metastable phases show large negative pressure transitions compared to diamond which represent a serious obstacle for their synthesis however we evidence that a minimum energy barrier can be reached close to 40 gpa suggesting that the synthesis of the liclathrate under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature may be possible electronic band structure with related density of states behavior under pressure as well as the dependence of the active raman modes with pressure are also examined | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'theoretical', 'study', 'on', 'the', 'behavior', 'under', 'pressure', 'of', 'the', 'two', 'hypothetical', 'c_46', 'and', 'li_8c_46', 'typei', 'carbon', 'clathrates', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'bring', 'new', 'informations', 'concerning', 'their', 'synthesis', 'using', 'textitab', 'initio', 'calculations', 'we', 'have', 'explored', 'the', 'energetic', 'and', 'structural', 'properties', 'under', 'pressure', 'of', 'these', 'two', 'carbon', 'based', 'cagelike', 'materials', 'these', 'lowdensity', 'metastable', 'phases', 'show', 'large', 'negative', 'pressure', 'transitions', 'compared', 'to', 'diamond', 'which', 'represent', 'a', 'serious', 'obstacle', 'for', 'their', 'synthesis', 'however', 'we', 'evidence', 'that', 'a', 'minimum', 'energy', 'barrier', 'can', 'be', 'reached', 'close', 'to', '40', 'gpa', 'suggesting', 'that', 'the', 'synthesis', 'of', 'the', 'liclathrate', 'under', 'extreme', 'conditions', 'of', 'pressure', 'and', 'temperature', 'may', 'be', 'possible', 'electronic', 'band', 'structure', 'with', 'related', 'density', 'of', 'states', 'behavior', 'under', 'pressure', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'the', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'active', 'raman', 'modes', 'with', 'pressure', 'are', 'also', 'examined']] | [-0.10071922314167023, 0.1855062828566879, -0.09444556092843413, 0.018589737251400947, -0.009634799322113394, -0.10166649446729571, 0.1226300425734371, 0.42854686935804787, -0.2714921563789248, -0.3308274231478572, 0.10262588121090084, -0.2726072627902031, -0.1258059750571847, 0.16067531362734735, 0.01568282013386488, 0.06172481144964695, 0.011388588316738606, -0.004344838693737984, -0.10395513255568221, -0.18597976815281436, 0.308061790831387, 0.08237353515625, 0.284788378469646, 0.10112833542516456, 0.02240856022387743, -0.08386716898716987, 0.0894550028257072, 0.06137252789177001, -0.17633110958139878, 0.0703468103907071, 0.24756456471048296, 0.014517366420477629, 0.23196959666721523, -0.4895008797943592, -0.24713084875792266, 0.050148821875453, 0.05524430105090141, 0.11213518006447702, -0.13560195734072478, -0.2310254163444042, 0.08231899931281805, -0.12976089898496868, -0.13676234128978104, -0.11410299502313137, -0.033148093674331906, 0.044895276931114496, -0.22169232097128405, 0.0925136800983455, 0.005048365791328251, 0.07838826402410631, -0.16644002226367594, -0.18830941289663314, -0.06473181061632931, 0.07201982306875289, 0.0582317936681211, -0.04407201069034636, 0.18019351162016392, -0.1028489636410959, -0.08165014650672674, 0.41350287447869777, -0.050435905982740226, -0.05771462520956993, 0.23003507200069725, -0.12672682074282784, -0.1356373142413795, 0.16479738510027528, 0.15091238152980804, 0.09257753295823931, -0.1358770240251906, 0.015079716565553099, 0.007056187036447227, 0.1627603629976511, 0.08407575924694538, 0.06599605963751674, 0.24319058799371124, 0.17735088734328747, 0.01695271440036595, 0.1538752169571817, -0.10081833145208657, -0.05898962869727984, -0.2383862877190113, -0.1575605217218399, -0.13032910860702396, 0.05666564566269517, -0.05835278577695135, -0.19804621107503773, 0.36187967728078363, 0.14355771945416929, 0.17389314796030522, -0.03160811752732843, 0.22295123721193522, 0.09673722270317375, 0.05425628572702408, 0.05514323803037405, 0.2888042840436101, 0.163506568223238, 0.049438379470258954, -0.2687403857782483, 0.10645316652208567, -0.04232737897336483] |
711.2397 | Drawing polytopal graphs with polymake | This note wants to explain how to obtain meaningful pictures of (possibly
high-dimensional) convex polytopes, triangulated manifolds, and other objects
from the realm of geometric combinatorics such as tight spans of finite metric
spaces and tropical polytopes. In all our cases we arrive at specific,
geometrically motivated, graph drawing problems. The methods displayed are
implemented in the software system polymake.
| math.CO | this note wants to explain how to obtain meaningful pictures of possibly highdimensional convex polytopes triangulated manifolds and other objects from the realm of geometric combinatorics such as tight spans of finite metric spaces and tropical polytopes in all our cases we arrive at specific geometrically motivated graph drawing problems the methods displayed are implemented in the software system polymake | [['this', 'note', 'wants', 'to', 'explain', 'how', 'to', 'obtain', 'meaningful', 'pictures', 'of', 'possibly', 'highdimensional', 'convex', 'polytopes', 'triangulated', 'manifolds', 'and', 'other', 'objects', 'from', 'the', 'realm', 'of', 'geometric', 'combinatorics', 'such', 'as', 'tight', 'spans', 'of', 'finite', 'metric', 'spaces', 'and', 'tropical', 'polytopes', 'in', 'all', 'our', 'cases', 'we', 'arrive', 'at', 'specific', 'geometrically', 'motivated', 'graph', 'drawing', 'problems', 'the', 'methods', 'displayed', 'are', 'implemented', 'in', 'the', 'software', 'system', 'polymake']] | [-0.08222407746361568, 0.021775545362227908, -0.09558506571532538, 0.13820047389987547, -0.12369767659499, -0.15692431855325897, 0.0070920245256274935, 0.39345318616057434, -0.37103169176261874, -0.2851425401944046, 0.12325542954495176, -0.2861426178986827, -0.17374300329635542, 0.2188452675472945, -0.2552088557354485, 0.01987320266974469, 0.07352699427865446, 0.0291644416245011, -0.081985821686006, -0.3267774325742115, 0.35999789979929725, -0.04693452824528019, 0.18794921529479325, 0.04920231887954287, 0.12363346680843582, -0.007826638567106177, -0.0215102276376759, 0.08280520363693238, -0.16722191200824454, 0.17460741512477398, 0.3930516340459386, 0.1754145022467128, 0.17867448971762012, -0.43644089388350643, -0.17321081729605795, 0.13894121852548172, 0.1195647633401677, 0.07894825437882294, 0.014009303273633122, -0.2521573659032583, 0.015488134852300087, -0.11655299132689834, -0.13234969950281084, -0.09166968551774819, 0.011208884487859904, -0.008579523698426784, -0.19192214092860618, -0.02439479581080377, 0.0679519622043396, 0.10247226926342895, -0.029790603284103174, -0.12575785411948648, -0.03944748480959485, 0.15696774842217565, 0.009058100978533427, 0.04851995575396965, 0.08605868760496378, -0.04158739517054831, -0.1738267708181714, 0.4050855869116882, 0.07999342411834126, -0.21230612900108098, 0.21195059035283823, -0.1531928782002069, -0.19654369421574908, 0.108445826654012, 0.20577553259984901, 0.18166966181791697, -0.10080535685798774, 0.11357537119765766, -0.10495617838265996, 0.05182443299951653, 0.09548143009499957, 0.03840853702276945, 0.19530060961842538, 0.13899527702790995, 0.059804631511603173, 0.18528247291008787, 0.04161417472253864, -0.10437355638617495, -0.3093296175201734, -0.08524977561707298, -0.17444070386118254, 0.023064080656816564, -0.17139089850970776, -0.19702222631312907, 0.3309755126790454, 0.10040295717408299, 0.19502625648553173, 0.10351808209222023, 0.2437817757561182, -0.0019991820445284247, 0.007902340777218343, 0.08958878337095182, 0.14500107433026035, 0.16126846649567597, 0.06535280079891284, -0.06887111689041679, 0.002848789068715026, 0.13470771590558192] |
711.2398 | The Monitor project: Rotation of low-mass stars in NGC 2362 -- testing
the disc regulation paradigm at 5 Myr | We report on the results of a time-series photometric survey of NGC 2362,
carried out using the CTIO 4m Blanco telescope and Mosaic-II detector as part
of the Monitor project. Rotation periods were derived for 271 candidate cluster
members over the mass range 0.1 <~ M/Msol <~ 1.2. The rotation period
distributions show a clear mass-dependent morphology, qualitatively similar to
that in NGC 2264, as would be expected from the age of this cluster. Using
models of angular momentum evolution, we show that angular momentum losses over
the ~1-5 Myr age range appear to be needed in order to reproduce the evolution
of the slowest rotators in the sample from the ONC to NGC 2362, as found by
many previous studies. By incorporating Spitzer IRAC mid-IR measurements, we
found that 3-4 objects showing mid-IR excesses indicative of the presence of
circumstellar discs were all slow rotators, as would be expected in the disc
regulation paradigm for early pre-main sequence angular momentum evolution, but
this result is not statistically significant at present, given the extremely
limited sample size.
| astro-ph | we report on the results of a timeseries photometric survey of ngc 2362 carried out using the ctio 4m blanco telescope and mosaicii detector as part of the monitor project rotation periods were derived for 271 candidate cluster members over the mass range 01 mmsol 12 the rotation period distributions show a clear massdependent morphology qualitatively similar to that in ngc 2264 as would be expected from the age of this cluster using models of angular momentum evolution we show that angular momentum losses over the 15 myr age range appear to be needed in order to reproduce the evolution of the slowest rotators in the sample from the onc to ngc 2362 as found by many previous studies by incorporating spitzer irac midir measurements we found that 34 objects showing midir excesses indicative of the presence of circumstellar discs were all slow rotators as would be expected in the disc regulation paradigm for early premain sequence angular momentum evolution but this result is not statistically significant at present given the extremely limited sample size | [['we', 'report', 'on', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'a', 'timeseries', 'photometric', 'survey', 'of', 'ngc', '2362', 'carried', 'out', 'using', 'the', 'ctio', '4m', 'blanco', 'telescope', 'and', 'mosaicii', 'detector', 'as', 'part', 'of', 'the', 'monitor', 'project', 'rotation', 'periods', 'were', 'derived', 'for', '271', 'candidate', 'cluster', 'members', 'over', 'the', 'mass', 'range', '01', 'mmsol', '12', 'the', 'rotation', 'period', 'distributions', 'show', 'a', 'clear', 'massdependent', 'morphology', 'qualitatively', 'similar', 'to', 'that', 'in', 'ngc', '2264', 'as', 'would', 'be', 'expected', 'from', 'the', 'age', 'of', 'this', 'cluster', 'using', 'models', 'of', 'angular', 'momentum', 'evolution', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'angular', 'momentum', 'losses', 'over', 'the', '15', 'myr', 'age', 'range', 'appear', 'to', 'be', 'needed', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'reproduce', 'the', 'evolution', 'of', 'the', 'slowest', 'rotators', 'in', 'the', 'sample', 'from', 'the', 'onc', 'to', 'ngc', '2362', 'as', 'found', 'by', 'many', 'previous', 'studies', 'by', 'incorporating', 'spitzer', 'irac', 'midir', 'measurements', 'we', 'found', 'that', '34', 'objects', 'showing', 'midir', 'excesses', 'indicative', 'of', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'circumstellar', 'discs', 'were', 'all', 'slow', 'rotators', 'as', 'would', 'be', 'expected', 'in', 'the', 'disc', 'regulation', 'paradigm', 'for', 'early', 'premain', 'sequence', 'angular', 'momentum', 'evolution', 'but', 'this', 'result', 'is', 'not', 'statistically', 'significant', 'at', 'present', 'given', 'the', 'extremely', 'limited', 'sample', 'size']] | [-0.06396283819340169, 0.11096857967919536, -0.11626856135470527, 0.07306415415967682, -0.08363534318815384, -0.04694665113996182, 0.04323791310656816, 0.44881345227360725, -0.18053383859256947, -0.39864589265414646, 0.06684659893275238, -0.2507568248449492, -0.046000131552448566, 0.2282308090810797, -0.08132449782120862, -0.01793185982520559, 0.13583297862272178, -0.09356216199163879, -0.02009511237631419, -0.2936849950626492, 0.254993805559352, 0.07135377691260406, 0.14547269099791135, -0.07631947160033244, 0.056435536917831215, -0.08259309192720268, -0.1036856182912431, -0.04213404413844858, -0.1552646045772209, -0.003065818973949977, 0.25923926165154887, 0.09707106659987143, 0.2146917322810207, -0.31271552173113115, -0.17111003103799052, 0.06955014361999928, 0.22564174674717444, 0.019765969584030766, -0.03968324613424816, -0.25564077796813633, 0.08189349489286542, -0.19291686399640248, -0.18953554571739265, 0.03453912077205522, 0.08495559019369206, 0.03188519022826638, -0.20884827890832508, 0.13831913052259812, 0.005666324522878442, 0.14635490725349104, -0.16942017422855965, -0.17300237436113614, -0.0683039609136592, 0.10703375586707677, 0.004751925876896297, 0.08796285050788095, 0.13763518094750388, -0.11605568957115922, -0.03978409655126078, 0.35680292957595416, -0.08262013978923538, -0.005772437586316041, 0.21180457358913762, -0.23750342077974762, -0.16505536856196287, 0.13630248805840633, 0.15101291703609085, 0.12609678659288745, -0.18894169884135148, 0.0015398099137070988, -0.026260954258697372, 0.2556284248935325, 0.046010537988373214, 0.08350285421391683, 0.2848690591925489, 0.1131009235791862, 0.013201498177368194, 0.094770555583361, -0.2667822338973305, -0.07922434090503624, -0.23638898487601961, -0.08689353572537324, -0.12738989677878895, 0.10836819826666864, -0.11175047317644515, -0.08125084537646866, 0.3184330087900162, 0.11190489848676537, 0.22250676755394255, 0.06120674327281969, 0.2581198514465775, 0.048326005277756066, 0.17267736177600454, 0.1216085541501109, 0.3092439216189086, 0.13599811219876365, 0.1262220026725637, -0.26221883876881164, 0.07946527133795565, -0.04158307317378265] |
711.2399 | Minimum-weight double-tree shortcutting for Metric TSP: Bounding the
approximation ratio | The Metric Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classical NP-hard
optimization problem. The double-tree shortcutting method for Metric TSP yields
an exponentially-sized space of TSP tours, each of which approximates the
optimal solution within at most a factor of 2. We consider the problem of
finding among these tours the one that gives the closest approximation, i.e.\
the \emph{minimum-weight double-tree shortcutting}. Previously, we gave an
efficient algorithm for this problem, and carried out its experimental
analysis. In this paper, we address the related question of the worst-case
approximation ratio for the minimum-weight double-tree shortcutting method. In
particular, we give lower bounds on the approximation ratio in some specific
metric spaces: the ratio of 2 in the discrete shortest path metric, 1.622 in
the planar Euclidean metric, and 1.666 in the planar Minkowski metric. The
first of these lower bounds is tight; we conjecture that the other two bounds
are also tight, and in particular that the minimum-weight double-tree method
provides a 1.622-approximation for planar Euclidean TSP.
| cs.DS | the metric traveling salesman problem tsp is a classical nphard optimization problem the doubletree shortcutting method for metric tsp yields an exponentiallysized space of tsp tours each of which approximates the optimal solution within at most a factor of 2 we consider the problem of finding among these tours the one that gives the closest approximation ie the emphminimumweight doubletree shortcutting previously we gave an efficient algorithm for this problem and carried out its experimental analysis in this paper we address the related question of the worstcase approximation ratio for the minimumweight doubletree shortcutting method in particular we give lower bounds on the approximation ratio in some specific metric spaces the ratio of 2 in the discrete shortest path metric 1622 in the planar euclidean metric and 1666 in the planar minkowski metric the first of these lower bounds is tight we conjecture that the other two bounds are also tight and in particular that the minimumweight doubletree method provides a 1622approximation for planar euclidean tsp | [['the', 'metric', 'traveling', 'salesman', 'problem', 'tsp', 'is', 'a', 'classical', 'nphard', 'optimization', 'problem', 'the', 'doubletree', 'shortcutting', 'method', 'for', 'metric', 'tsp', 'yields', 'an', 'exponentiallysized', 'space', 'of', 'tsp', 'tours', 'each', 'of', 'which', 'approximates', 'the', 'optimal', 'solution', 'within', 'at', 'most', 'a', 'factor', 'of', '2', 'we', 'consider', 'the', 'problem', 'of', 'finding', 'among', 'these', 'tours', 'the', 'one', 'that', 'gives', 'the', 'closest', 'approximation', 'ie', 'the', 'emphminimumweight', 'doubletree', 'shortcutting', 'previously', 'we', 'gave', 'an', 'efficient', 'algorithm', 'for', 'this', 'problem', 'and', 'carried', 'out', 'its', 'experimental', 'analysis', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'address', 'the', 'related', 'question', 'of', 'the', 'worstcase', 'approximation', 'ratio', 'for', 'the', 'minimumweight', 'doubletree', 'shortcutting', 'method', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'give', 'lower', 'bounds', 'on', 'the', 'approximation', 'ratio', 'in', 'some', 'specific', 'metric', 'spaces', 'the', 'ratio', 'of', '2', 'in', 'the', 'discrete', 'shortest', 'path', 'metric', '1622', 'in', 'the', 'planar', 'euclidean', 'metric', 'and', '1666', 'in', 'the', 'planar', 'minkowski', 'metric', 'the', 'first', 'of', 'these', 'lower', 'bounds', 'is', 'tight', 'we', 'conjecture', 'that', 'the', 'other', 'two', 'bounds', 'are', 'also', 'tight', 'and', 'in', 'particular', 'that', 'the', 'minimumweight', 'doubletree', 'method', 'provides', 'a', '1622approximation', 'for', 'planar', 'euclidean', 'tsp']] | [-0.14815094497724912, 0.009456232586405638, -0.0698200634385391, 0.10397337142537098, -0.07671938213610613, -0.13289966565420533, 0.08354303919179251, 0.3748131934099081, -0.2592960089628255, -0.3229094177268718, 0.08041763917270411, -0.2973573843241533, -0.2043905465028862, 0.19471533235202249, -0.08868908071280003, 0.08282388268903228, 0.06369810595699563, 0.06297709245984329, -0.07400054255750303, -0.2818754705069473, 0.2888445218743915, 0.04712949867825955, 0.24995905084382153, 0.10198945492873729, 0.1037380553202749, 0.023114081851218077, 0.023198002284937878, 0.05032672131382264, -0.19092893766209296, 0.14088804059003185, 0.24646460072977877, 0.1992500295817125, 0.24344551691319793, -0.3620849433468609, -0.13382956481442174, 0.14911581167636054, 0.1274510221385465, 0.08834605566552477, -0.025068987451249553, -0.2104868051062179, 0.08057403059466174, -0.04869069010672364, -0.08791965541497963, 0.037467061703820234, 0.02778579559881331, -0.039074419776159455, -0.23301423283112122, 0.027840675568746164, 0.07558714124805681, -0.05977398375185525, -0.11766067936536628, -0.15780209783441956, 0.1044447214893497, 0.08317329396675455, -0.00882304870227505, 0.10497091815057324, -0.01385943304247609, -0.0730034484919842, -0.17079416853830037, 0.4028220199411962, -0.04453702681561614, -0.2242526510026215, 0.09553337972980311, -0.09089649438278795, -0.14934725779188207, 0.11763530572104018, 0.19748221787555917, 0.22907314008874138, -0.1283513097683104, 0.12379723087857511, -0.14195973795225345, 0.07916978793502671, 0.13579493224842293, 0.004216794364676788, 0.07595918784699746, 0.16227837109926907, 0.19946836023421094, 0.19523864741211405, -0.04863700102063509, -0.11234391833444, -0.25960202979650804, -0.1365374704232303, -0.18635578875830283, -0.008012345440475634, -0.2176396192131151, -0.19989405062813426, 0.3593073326884201, 0.11792292086971518, 0.16369320168273477, 0.14179611747882828, 0.2760900101828866, 0.10638634009831925, -0.030399044546889277, 0.18085689832479124, 0.25387053850774866, 0.09588927878265656, 0.03479610162889358, -0.20800489642112174, 0.04391430519952825, 0.17418286087922752] |
711.24 | Constituting Atoms of a $\sigma$ Algebra via Its Generator | To constitute atoms of a $\sigma$ algebra is not a easy task due to the large
number of its elements. However, determining them via generators seems a
feasible and simple way since most $\sigma$ algebras are generated by their
smaller proper subsets. Precisely, under some conditions each atom of a
$\sigma$ algebra equals the intersection of the elements containing a point of
the atom in the generator. In this paper, a very weak sufficient condition for
determining atoms by the generator is presented. The condition, though not
being a necessary one, is shown to be almost the weakest one in the sense that
it can hardly be improved.
| math.PR math.GM | to constitute atoms of a sigma algebra is not a easy task due to the large number of its elements however determining them via generators seems a feasible and simple way since most sigma algebras are generated by their smaller proper subsets precisely under some conditions each atom of a sigma algebra equals the intersection of the elements containing a point of the atom in the generator in this paper a very weak sufficient condition for determining atoms by the generator is presented the condition though not being a necessary one is shown to be almost the weakest one in the sense that it can hardly be improved | [['to', 'constitute', 'atoms', 'of', 'a', 'sigma', 'algebra', 'is', 'not', 'a', 'easy', 'task', 'due', 'to', 'the', 'large', 'number', 'of', 'its', 'elements', 'however', 'determining', 'them', 'via', 'generators', 'seems', 'a', 'feasible', 'and', 'simple', 'way', 'since', 'most', 'sigma', 'algebras', 'are', 'generated', 'by', 'their', 'smaller', 'proper', 'subsets', 'precisely', 'under', 'some', 'conditions', 'each', 'atom', 'of', 'a', 'sigma', 'algebra', 'equals', 'the', 'intersection', 'of', 'the', 'elements', 'containing', 'a', 'point', 'of', 'the', 'atom', 'in', 'the', 'generator', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'a', 'very', 'weak', 'sufficient', 'condition', 'for', 'determining', 'atoms', 'by', 'the', 'generator', 'is', 'presented', 'the', 'condition', 'though', 'not', 'being', 'a', 'necessary', 'one', 'is', 'shown', 'to', 'be', 'almost', 'the', 'weakest', 'one', 'in', 'the', 'sense', 'that', 'it', 'can', 'hardly', 'be', 'improved']] | [-0.12561855678925188, 0.13947624613798257, -0.04779574288814156, 0.06437925945458657, -0.08467423115615491, -0.1543797632092955, 0.03357260653003188, 0.3683136290077258, -0.277897841673284, -0.24568996820771308, 0.1284208118978077, -0.23755163582110847, -0.09316536234433039, 0.20131500874197594, -0.07839204735743503, -0.0009186713976776917, 0.10996251506131322, 0.11259487090218398, -0.06101550329778412, -0.25496607618320183, 0.30628778263754036, 0.053063751222065615, 0.23704642263732645, 0.033119740854427045, 0.10933300970915567, -0.034033628036181825, 0.022497069838142057, 0.051284349458809525, -0.08175335404781368, 0.12862391848358568, 0.254654929102226, 0.11769382028486924, 0.25778615316031156, -0.39980981578722735, -0.11773657798659298, 0.17777119379024953, 0.11564744237586166, 0.11130679648205707, -0.02088906014924524, -0.22358390131827305, 0.14958591806202162, -0.13853839828624148, -0.151736885300596, -0.041760222925977024, 0.08246756937458283, -0.007773589261988591, -0.3050076895548652, -0.011004551223272251, 0.0982959784623408, 0.061618334665480584, -0.003827789454522577, -0.06063277170889907, -0.049143190452553054, 0.10644160256358898, -0.006864472846414342, 0.04142905718051932, 0.10900153180894752, -0.11684788713076462, -0.05482829567928867, 0.45602413256549174, -0.019734367607506336, -0.2460288210875458, 0.17541692964085895, -0.15998745682062926, -0.13208906848794194, 0.12451530629941435, 0.057414431267211005, 0.11563506174435909, -0.18092128374889768, 0.10918032595213002, -0.07684880148412453, 0.14658065315975197, 0.07054791317097153, 0.03661083323553343, 0.1846120730732326, 0.12978942286119693, 0.1060778739111912, 0.11959719473142522, 0.0015850038872923943, -0.021044684641108487, -0.3426357079297304, -0.1701742462399933, -0.18979058574660923, 0.056590406879776206, -0.051758159831445445, -0.16466274498007907, 0.37466815345127275, 0.11976348118925537, 0.2180733774116056, -0.0204964238650131, 0.2549916669657385, 0.13950776747434349, 0.12410916909532345, 0.07259215363161207, 0.20276008665058287, 0.17519154398339903, 0.004188375603580089, -0.1661006824191039, 0.0974583115764997, 0.06788199748067807] |
711.2401 | Biorthogonal Expansion of Non-Symmetric Jack Functions | We find a biorthogonal expansion of the Cayley transform of the non-symmetric
Jack functions in terms of the non-symmetric Jack polynomials, the coefficients
being Meixner-Pollaczek type polynomials. This is done by computing the
Cherednik-Opdam transform of the non-symmetric Jack polynomials multiplied by
the exponential function.
| math.CA math.RT | we find a biorthogonal expansion of the cayley transform of the nonsymmetric jack functions in terms of the nonsymmetric jack polynomials the coefficients being meixnerpollaczek type polynomials this is done by computing the cherednikopdam transform of the nonsymmetric jack polynomials multiplied by the exponential function | [['we', 'find', 'a', 'biorthogonal', 'expansion', 'of', 'the', 'cayley', 'transform', 'of', 'the', 'nonsymmetric', 'jack', 'functions', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'nonsymmetric', 'jack', 'polynomials', 'the', 'coefficients', 'being', 'meixnerpollaczek', 'type', 'polynomials', 'this', 'is', 'done', 'by', 'computing', 'the', 'cherednikopdam', 'transform', 'of', 'the', 'nonsymmetric', 'jack', 'polynomials', 'multiplied', 'by', 'the', 'exponential', 'function']] | [-0.2043627597476271, 0.0996724871114235, -0.09758787204257467, 0.051245327668518505, -0.09718696311624213, -0.08647638228086924, -0.043245865614153445, 0.2726055338597772, -0.3508925427714447, -0.08376401654359969, 0.12587007181454365, -0.2410535333170132, -0.23257060840048574, 0.14086709298532119, -0.017083225665952672, 0.08954533291133968, -0.00210465533150868, 0.017423606308346443, -0.20703515571288086, -0.31233413373543456, 0.3554963267154314, 0.0800444855439392, 0.19483180401254108, -0.04064197055148808, 0.07091081760485064, 0.018693783119405536, -0.10841047717390624, -0.18882014110369544, -0.11450227479111742, 0.16763246385909786, 0.26232559399001976, 0.09399581882793097, 0.25078212038021197, -0.34451097702946176, -0.03238029981201345, 0.18532765926581554, 0.20861454577904873, -0.021803853430107913, 0.011161070740358396, -0.28211782428181986, -0.061165559528903526, -0.21243938388810915, -0.2559272682251917, -0.10664793561128053, 0.024177073130638084, 0.16109648647464134, -0.35365029314363544, 0.08505040201866491, 0.0970987479033118, 0.07734831298743798, 0.006874506658112461, -0.2232600900513882, 0.060422347361137246, -0.018949836799451572, -0.026600392053792762, 0.01593492564279586, 0.027028110693208873, -0.09573672188509424, -0.14164451596496458, 0.35296683883379126, -0.01595272710123523, -0.3369751766070046, -0.017208942974155598, -0.2430419602685354, -0.14016536513174122, 0.11183308644897559, 0.08725146521729502, 0.10983547788452018, -0.06850663328077644, 0.20614749809134414, -0.13006793436678973, 0.04811444287241267, 0.2100735682232136, -0.006490284450013529, 0.11981227651598271, -0.11114679835736752, -0.057638948656279936, 0.31413706171919, 0.10882872139865701, -0.1447281054940752, -0.29226640065793286, -0.1419935065152293, -0.3320315530184995, 0.028448711837303232, -0.2508857403881848, -0.26685109436088666, 0.43352312382987956, -0.039447154722769155, 0.1399894222109155, 0.11776244970546527, 0.15931997820734978, 0.2566611400212754, 0.12095135797492483, 0.030325646298396434, 0.11334867891855538, 0.2520167290561155, 0.10883205958155238, -0.19075910409446806, 0.04962455932135609, 0.2824199845464053] |
711.2402 | Neutron star versus heavy-ion data: is the nuclear equation of state
hard or soft? | Recent astrophysical observations of neutron stars and heavy-ion data are
confronted with our present understanding of the equation of state of dense
hadronic matter. Emphasis is put on the possible role of the presence of
hyperons in the interior of compact stars. We argue that data from low-mass
pulsars provide an important cross-check between high-density astrophysics and
heavy-ion physics.
| astro-ph nucl-th | recent astrophysical observations of neutron stars and heavyion data are confronted with our present understanding of the equation of state of dense hadronic matter emphasis is put on the possible role of the presence of hyperons in the interior of compact stars we argue that data from lowmass pulsars provide an important crosscheck between highdensity astrophysics and heavyion physics | [['recent', 'astrophysical', 'observations', 'of', 'neutron', 'stars', 'and', 'heavyion', 'data', 'are', 'confronted', 'with', 'our', 'present', 'understanding', 'of', 'the', 'equation', 'of', 'state', 'of', 'dense', 'hadronic', 'matter', 'emphasis', 'is', 'put', 'on', 'the', 'possible', 'role', 'of', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'hyperons', 'in', 'the', 'interior', 'of', 'compact', 'stars', 'we', 'argue', 'that', 'data', 'from', 'lowmass', 'pulsars', 'provide', 'an', 'important', 'crosscheck', 'between', 'highdensity', 'astrophysics', 'and', 'heavyion', 'physics']] | [-0.06496725034884225, 0.18651047465218806, -0.129864503522956, 0.12452102181998918, -0.13535927968510128, -0.011887491570185807, -0.007070129583352956, 0.2992231729045763, -0.13669369467613052, -0.3191500061617817, 0.037617288606825394, -0.3084275032298924, 0.02062709651634855, 0.2323487391537529, 0.03484454924651122, 0.021592754349743917, 0.17840379519167088, 0.04098879214094052, -0.037836725702233044, -0.19747991748035776, 0.41174359520171155, 0.09296578782910513, 0.16430908439965067, 0.07350513724199796, 0.04357755545258396, -0.07138449845488294, -0.10649821762058695, -0.06058684434994298, -0.1431119185681228, 0.06819892834114322, 0.3351589258981206, 0.16830180296304562, 0.15105935008564997, -0.5061393490345296, -0.24980748091208732, 0.08828081722544917, 0.12270825409914478, 0.056153684491449495, -0.17264606051691572, -0.3244637936921948, 0.042466862458672566, -0.19911675357212455, -0.1784301180692421, -0.07896431414726174, 0.03034344713314105, 0.06309728172876067, -0.195583938920902, 0.09054708360670671, 0.0478895248221707, 0.018153262056284033, -0.10723092744789892, -0.1827492272418182, 0.01632383486682202, 0.06779639407897652, 0.08540329622436252, 0.0901262390001093, 0.10596896743528166, -0.23226136655815072, -0.06281587013469661, 0.4559906257426966, -0.004593682917371645, -0.05454885066976234, 0.20387360392043652, -0.22357674320307325, -0.24349001313607066, 0.06593319508483854, 0.22078327086391086, 0.13938341695436482, -0.14190170574554448, 0.06779794615764423, -0.04173761693034637, 0.15354328980606238, -0.003540197395230249, 0.11530945612457029, 0.3613270046978684, 0.278629049248362, -0.04878044504104024, 0.08365470755813738, -0.17517518453006248, -0.07657949718887429, -0.31807314982574625, -0.08405650354984959, -0.11649175070352473, 0.05452004123984252, -0.13058457012096877, -0.09475166347446078, 0.27654952415209894, 0.14324064920577456, 0.17386602449341346, -0.10648030404127755, 0.2886759847465713, 0.03250586823757612, -0.04365159730600603, 0.0981065741487605, 0.32836142731672624, 0.24376880022365663, 0.12999192684478425, -0.2853672120254487, 0.07469198536482971, -0.01864945205023228] |
711.2403 | $C^m$-theory of damped wave equations with stabilisation | The aim of this note is to extend the energy decay estimates from [J. Wirth,
J. Differential Equations 222 (2006) 487--514] to a broader class of
time-dependent dissipation including very fast oscillations. This is achieved
using stabilisation conditions on the coefficient in the spirit of [F.
Hirosawa, Math. Ann. 339/4 (2007) 819--839].
| math.AP | the aim of this note is to extend the energy decay estimates from j wirth j differential equations 222 2006 487514 to a broader class of timedependent dissipation including very fast oscillations this is achieved using stabilisation conditions on the coefficient in the spirit of f hirosawa math ann 3394 2007 819839 | [['the', 'aim', 'of', 'this', 'note', 'is', 'to', 'extend', 'the', 'energy', 'decay', 'estimates', 'from', 'j', 'wirth', 'j', 'differential', 'equations', '222', '2006', '487514', 'to', 'a', 'broader', 'class', 'of', 'timedependent', 'dissipation', 'including', 'very', 'fast', 'oscillations', 'this', 'is', 'achieved', 'using', 'stabilisation', 'conditions', 'on', 'the', 'coefficient', 'in', 'the', 'spirit', 'of', 'f', 'hirosawa', 'math', 'ann', '3394', '2007', '819839']] | [-0.10060159603551942, 0.039623581785328536, -0.047895772962317784, 0.02648213275765278, -0.09554586319575961, -0.08883249302565747, 0.042559951885926484, 0.28125033877333816, -0.22991096688558024, -0.3321992873537297, 0.0912612875714442, -0.22032615313382478, -0.10199907460078901, 0.23572661081443028, -0.12627826018106877, 0.038624622745021264, 0.07741343625346009, -0.08190144210749743, -0.04923023927329602, -0.25216046084260224, 0.25598735704884995, 0.10099394009353554, 0.24547169682194422, 0.006348330223438691, 0.07659411070184136, 0.0117092605214566, -0.08942017540791813, -0.0611718939807342, -0.21791790250708987, 0.1125143911233362, 0.2561434475581485, 0.025919578522823904, 0.28205493398542913, -0.33058586349349695, -0.19702210292524222, 0.10960132858658932, 0.018332077285312876, 0.06721966265111554, 0.04908535001105724, -0.2891199090803156, 0.03062523190735136, -0.15851206288730002, -0.1513416858732092, -0.03679832070115573, 0.14561047925784878, 0.03703878154712064, -0.32674643450549673, 0.15601275351886845, 0.1210680212540438, 0.06605165337725562, -0.05063149264576484, -0.10159792427961924, -0.016029682409550463, 0.011770590550589318, 0.015435779300917472, 0.08126319782352265, 0.0633102496895863, -0.08173544980984714, -0.07322883450340632, 0.2939113313902397, -0.12336851167967733, -0.13873908644047928, 0.22258641274303806, -0.1118265876964647, -0.15247644939250787, 0.13908605353564632, 0.17359620162608977, 0.15325665714371264, -0.16175116693639024, 0.18060253032160048, -0.051239642257593115, 0.11976302312496974, 0.12091536951080269, -0.057222189267679135, 0.08841388748141424, 0.094140081504854, 0.02954465905394481, 0.10304339050448366, -0.09243890361347216, -0.08094408233859102, -0.31253657944272367, -0.12766303916518784, -0.18090959853131552, 0.16361638582406604, 0.022367342717337365, -0.07265190111665644, 0.40380657258994723, 0.11122080060292264, 0.1862471481519086, 0.034245792282175044, 0.1378926012132849, 0.15643440042527354, -0.03570377869455486, 0.15233237224117835, 0.28558059481485765, 0.23029900412550386, 0.2424354865975982, -0.23484488802353795, -0.021090463459567756, 0.12872638873641892] |
711.2404 | Characterization of half-metallic L2_1-phase Co_2FeSi full-Heusler alloy
films formed by rapid thermal annealing | The authors developed a preparation technique of Co_2FeSi full-Heusler alloy
films with the L2_1-ordered structure on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates,
employing rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The Co_2FeSi full-Heusler alloy films
were successfully formed by RTA-induced silicidation reaction between an
ultrathin SOI (001) layer and Fe/Co layers deposited on it. The highly
(110)-oriented L2_1-phase polycrystalline full-Heusler alloy films were
obtained at the RTA temperature of 700 C. Crystallographic and magnetic
properties of the RTA-formed full-Heusler alloy films were qualitatively the
same as those of bulk full-Heusler alloy. This technique is compatible with
metal source/drain formation process in advanced CMOS technology and would be
applicable to the fabrication of the half-metallic source/drain of MOSFET type
of spin transistors.
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci | the authors developed a preparation technique of co_2fesi fullheusler alloy films with the l2_1ordered structure on silicononinsulator soi substrates employing rapid thermal annealing rta the co_2fesi fullheusler alloy films were successfully formed by rtainduced silicidation reaction between an ultrathin soi 001 layer and feco layers deposited on it the highly 110oriented l2_1phase polycrystalline fullheusler alloy films were obtained at the rta temperature of 700 c crystallographic and magnetic properties of the rtaformed fullheusler alloy films were qualitatively the same as those of bulk fullheusler alloy this technique is compatible with metal sourcedrain formation process in advanced cmos technology and would be applicable to the fabrication of the halfmetallic sourcedrain of mosfet type of spin transistors | [['the', 'authors', 'developed', 'a', 'preparation', 'technique', 'of', 'co_2fesi', 'fullheusler', 'alloy', 'films', 'with', 'the', 'l2_1ordered', 'structure', 'on', 'silicononinsulator', 'soi', 'substrates', 'employing', 'rapid', 'thermal', 'annealing', 'rta', 'the', 'co_2fesi', 'fullheusler', 'alloy', 'films', 'were', 'successfully', 'formed', 'by', 'rtainduced', 'silicidation', 'reaction', 'between', 'an', 'ultrathin', 'soi', '001', 'layer', 'and', 'feco', 'layers', 'deposited', 'on', 'it', 'the', 'highly', '110oriented', 'l2_1phase', 'polycrystalline', 'fullheusler', 'alloy', 'films', 'were', 'obtained', 'at', 'the', 'rta', 'temperature', 'of', '700', 'c', 'crystallographic', 'and', 'magnetic', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'rtaformed', 'fullheusler', 'alloy', 'films', 'were', 'qualitatively', 'the', 'same', 'as', 'those', 'of', 'bulk', 'fullheusler', 'alloy', 'this', 'technique', 'is', 'compatible', 'with', 'metal', 'sourcedrain', 'formation', 'process', 'in', 'advanced', 'cmos', 'technology', 'and', 'would', 'be', 'applicable', 'to', 'the', 'fabrication', 'of', 'the', 'halfmetallic', 'sourcedrain', 'of', 'mosfet', 'type', 'of', 'spin', 'transistors']] | [-0.11315726936241058, 0.18756767699973728, -0.027361618571228825, -0.09215684344738431, 0.016778701828238932, -0.20280877618656099, 0.05460810744379823, 0.5209820647765925, -0.2470603070582624, -0.32532007238819255, -0.01167214476935532, -0.30043144047528775, -0.06790658470184484, 0.25412946515758567, 0.04324480298033974, 0.0759968163764423, -0.015869665962249577, -0.22228284911378413, -0.13066479516203036, -0.26170758722425513, 0.21316372066199243, 0.07256487726762488, 0.3937892207103941, 0.04897733576394416, 0.008204850238152183, -0.00691419747146266, 0.23285540585985054, 0.008380189588343774, -0.19271586414506273, 0.01872761068899218, 0.2672234982638074, -0.238079016755528, 0.12069729170845905, -0.5382086626413438, -0.18582558032200747, -0.1535266271272154, 0.04251458823915806, 0.09949918804249228, -0.1138683031334097, -0.2764714962995804, 0.16038729309372873, -0.15070690200160686, -0.043756885384838726, -0.017220587465442246, -0.05692504676318987, -0.010572884693271943, -0.20950331481547002, 0.012573515658627625, 0.08947120947335419, 0.1242721100644049, -0.12988092061887319, -0.22273927598117707, -0.15731641727810106, -0.028098984818637103, -0.018345593913460384, 0.05780840224532939, 0.31828698454642884, -0.008303350733324617, -0.12227840725802355, 0.28140289148500375, -0.019895996243969816, -0.0033751208972823514, 0.13716006165303224, -0.17232327885204204, -0.02442914339386531, 0.16117417758439775, 0.08990712256615495, 0.1424679174675262, -0.2237384379385165, 0.10947708951504398, 0.10455556747058893, 0.2386472623371561, 0.12169822507646975, 0.046163508005708724, 0.17792749797992474, 0.3389354830288941, -0.08921232890035655, 0.14282902935834452, -0.15552737113289736, 0.06254554786174013, -0.08868291632582744, -0.28021124308207285, -0.2170128366964458, 0.11503439158125706, -0.12122975154174177, -0.29185909093231766, 0.36105389082552614, 0.12170237270058007, 0.06824086340110716, -0.10700747067620558, 0.20695006537779764, 0.03358233958243619, 0.15335669733588123, -0.07131371537678631, 0.23040125979664358, 0.26644419221761256, 0.2270302723187047, -0.22514376783248474, 0.25533655295693863, -0.03890045834621331] |
711.2405 | Homogenization of spectral problems in bounded domains with doubly high
contrasts | Homogenization of a spectral problem in a bounded domain with a high contrast
in both stiffness and density is considered. For a special critical scaling,
two-scale asymptotic expansions for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are
constructed. Two-scale limit equations are derived and relate to certain
non-standard self-adjoint operators. In particular they explicitly display the
first two terms in the asymptotic expansion for the eigenvalues, with a
surprising bound for the error of order \epsilon^{5/4} proved.
| math.SP math.AP | homogenization of a spectral problem in a bounded domain with a high contrast in both stiffness and density is considered for a special critical scaling twoscale asymptotic expansions for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are constructed twoscale limit equations are derived and relate to certain nonstandard selfadjoint operators in particular they explicitly display the first two terms in the asymptotic expansion for the eigenvalues with a surprising bound for the error of order epsilon54 proved | [['homogenization', 'of', 'a', 'spectral', 'problem', 'in', 'a', 'bounded', 'domain', 'with', 'a', 'high', 'contrast', 'in', 'both', 'stiffness', 'and', 'density', 'is', 'considered', 'for', 'a', 'special', 'critical', 'scaling', 'twoscale', 'asymptotic', 'expansions', 'for', 'eigenvalues', 'and', 'eigenfunctions', 'are', 'constructed', 'twoscale', 'limit', 'equations', 'are', 'derived', 'and', 'relate', 'to', 'certain', 'nonstandard', 'selfadjoint', 'operators', 'in', 'particular', 'they', 'explicitly', 'display', 'the', 'first', 'two', 'terms', 'in', 'the', 'asymptotic', 'expansion', 'for', 'the', 'eigenvalues', 'with', 'a', 'surprising', 'bound', 'for', 'the', 'error', 'of', 'order', 'epsilon54', 'proved']] | [-0.13853065859681615, 0.09444535122666922, -0.09177757145112588, 0.09048234630770619, -0.04340050900160956, -0.09763284386523689, 0.007534252065751288, 0.28929584020645255, -0.22761231526399367, -0.22842069901525974, 0.16003936531746554, -0.2898417860043183, -0.14436179761994733, 0.16369007256192467, -0.06765764343941151, 0.12917248076862758, 0.056183170426973246, 0.0912129261996597, -0.1197290675821326, -0.1776721886643726, 0.3307102712828459, -0.020413851947523654, 0.24413113015665053, 0.05980932860661091, 0.08583175519662392, -0.05333488431157699, 0.014952341799572524, 0.009235482688786255, -0.1520252384135448, 0.1302668675101207, 0.2901241241084386, -0.007443987124133855, 0.26440551282010144, -0.3942049024755963, -0.19034244069674364, 0.12498248709986608, 0.22806434295812827, 0.06779927019185077, -0.009945003912434913, -0.2638223331628574, 0.10248491175136426, -0.15602115521647242, -0.19144412448319295, -0.1102959993489397, 0.01968659946901931, 0.0844678925932385, -0.3343187464148893, 0.11772679686611001, 0.08801557497483575, 0.060018398110211514, -0.07981068981138782, -0.12423818181398222, 0.015879677815569773, 0.10406444012834173, 0.05239472696686991, -0.08707442918481927, 0.008972759979466597, -0.10965761325011651, -0.03857483695497245, 0.33214670670632684, -0.09108615121577815, -0.2691003681555028, 0.14294477101712902, -0.18538977610619944, -0.1302151028972326, 0.08230701836065338, 0.13463363755080435, 0.1505616885713405, -0.14885650462626168, 0.16866972095400948, 0.0006592027089532672, 0.10276566727811264, 0.13001474948962116, 0.04360818984504375, 0.08214910636888817, 0.09795925853864497, 0.0962621951346389, 0.1388106254000579, 0.021451168396096263, -0.12503097829822865, -0.3507543850509036, -0.1200685683523059, -0.23393439977533287, 0.028789170138123963, -0.1908906091891064, -0.24747717341718575, 0.37850204371433294, 0.0925552101754066, 0.22035943802782437, 0.11794024084358373, 0.19957955309655517, 0.2504345404061799, 0.002205041056084964, 0.08409577636565599, 0.2338022603524021, 0.20912921167392698, 0.10149821442448431, -0.19418391594808782, 0.027798175171483308, 0.16916246895622558] |
711.2406 | On Surfaces of Prescribed Weighted Mean Curvature | Utilizing a weight matrix we study surfaces of prescribed weighted mean
curvature which yield a natural generalisation to critical points of
anisotropic surface energies. We first derive a differential equation for the
normal of immersions with prescribed weighted mean curvature, generalising a
result of Clarenz and von der Mosel. Next we study graphs of prescribed
weighted mean curvature, for which a quasilinear elliptic equation is proved.
Using this equation, we can show height and boundary gradient estimates.
Finally, we solve the Dirichlet problem for graphs of prescribed weighted mean
curvature.
| math.DG math.AP | utilizing a weight matrix we study surfaces of prescribed weighted mean curvature which yield a natural generalisation to critical points of anisotropic surface energies we first derive a differential equation for the normal of immersions with prescribed weighted mean curvature generalising a result of clarenz and von der mosel next we study graphs of prescribed weighted mean curvature for which a quasilinear elliptic equation is proved using this equation we can show height and boundary gradient estimates finally we solve the dirichlet problem for graphs of prescribed weighted mean curvature | [['utilizing', 'a', 'weight', 'matrix', 'we', 'study', 'surfaces', 'of', 'prescribed', 'weighted', 'mean', 'curvature', 'which', 'yield', 'a', 'natural', 'generalisation', 'to', 'critical', 'points', 'of', 'anisotropic', 'surface', 'energies', 'we', 'first', 'derive', 'a', 'differential', 'equation', 'for', 'the', 'normal', 'of', 'immersions', 'with', 'prescribed', 'weighted', 'mean', 'curvature', 'generalising', 'a', 'result', 'of', 'clarenz', 'and', 'von', 'der', 'mosel', 'next', 'we', 'study', 'graphs', 'of', 'prescribed', 'weighted', 'mean', 'curvature', 'for', 'which', 'a', 'quasilinear', 'elliptic', 'equation', 'is', 'proved', 'using', 'this', 'equation', 'we', 'can', 'show', 'height', 'and', 'boundary', 'gradient', 'estimates', 'finally', 'we', 'solve', 'the', 'dirichlet', 'problem', 'for', 'graphs', 'of', 'prescribed', 'weighted', 'mean', 'curvature']] | [-0.1524426160547673, 0.07993329941096265, -0.10031705125747772, 0.08765596510277371, -0.10803365516947226, -0.11886583230447735, -0.023124693919056923, 0.3317571444792694, -0.31284855552321156, -0.26205345751780473, 0.06735703860817666, -0.30125197360103717, -0.16672545704948769, 0.1761736211215219, -0.12046548651186016, 0.12400990003573426, 0.08970388099341915, 0.09077698406711053, -0.13150277509866806, -0.22926407690379727, 0.40136559981476055, -0.027607000820087584, 0.19798668134654088, 0.1152081310152589, 0.15356979763339368, 0.004436840491599581, -0.0027425190685002993, 0.10184034752251392, -0.2874401873945562, 0.17651232433102482, 0.19061141721433383, 0.001489056164419718, 0.29637248609005734, -0.3860525756111641, -0.25620586533633094, 0.2045347600223057, 0.09721193898971496, 0.079990991127018, -0.002243089343138625, -0.2544253184721711, 0.10251065223278959, -0.06400617486221737, -0.19777023695472085, -0.030307594372817638, -0.046855616568995825, 0.07083356437623878, -0.28681819312525597, 0.14737175980561903, 0.07744003693165069, 0.08255268104918552, -0.15373398647957554, -0.14470582944341004, -0.019034202660569984, 0.05213093985227889, -0.02123754058985479, 0.01388778126264891, 0.03446914602085435, -0.10350839643257806, -0.0746154428009739, 0.31247339577654776, -0.1368531750186786, -0.2567942137882281, 0.008693450789773063, -0.11381121393125714, -0.08284804783761501, 0.07441380364150646, 0.2163944474860942, 0.18983940464140994, -0.11118843848032228, 0.08674448547921447, -0.05244207332889141, 0.08393006198359339, 0.14438468858264805, -0.10993150083787656, 0.09829080348646038, 0.10231578594408511, 0.18596761121173924, 0.14985110715366481, -0.04151632299573485, -0.10979443657201494, -0.3461101400257831, -0.22427199545494292, -0.1810850452244533, 0.12877403649375932, -0.15916433646258626, -0.269120343134142, 0.3855814741129118, 0.025328993739748604, 0.1986499328291818, 0.190494434858327, 0.20255232156578745, 0.17956906280825646, -0.006118368066381663, 0.11677953606377241, 0.1545044816507215, 0.2375551104608379, 0.056822305474576826, -0.17318197449125097, -0.01236157306683187, 0.19555253269715925] |
711.2407 | Electron scattering in quantum wells subjected to an in-plane magnetic
field | It is shown that the electron scattering by static defects, acoustic or
optical phonons in quantum wells subjected to an in-plane magnetic field is
asymmetric. The probability of scattering contains terms which are proportional
to both the electron wave vector and the magnetic field components. The terms
under study are caused by the lack of an inversion center in quantum wells due
to structure or bulk inversion asymmetry although they are of pure diamagnetic
origin. Such a magnetic field induced asymmetry of scattering can be
responsible for a number of phenomena. In particular, the asymmetry of
inelastic electron-phonon interaction leads to an electric current flow if only
the electron gas is driven out of thermal equilibrium with the crystal lattice.
| cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci | it is shown that the electron scattering by static defects acoustic or optical phonons in quantum wells subjected to an inplane magnetic field is asymmetric the probability of scattering contains terms which are proportional to both the electron wave vector and the magnetic field components the terms under study are caused by the lack of an inversion center in quantum wells due to structure or bulk inversion asymmetry although they are of pure diamagnetic origin such a magnetic field induced asymmetry of scattering can be responsible for a number of phenomena in particular the asymmetry of inelastic electronphonon interaction leads to an electric current flow if only the electron gas is driven out of thermal equilibrium with the crystal lattice | [['it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'electron', 'scattering', 'by', 'static', 'defects', 'acoustic', 'or', 'optical', 'phonons', 'in', 'quantum', 'wells', 'subjected', 'to', 'an', 'inplane', 'magnetic', 'field', 'is', 'asymmetric', 'the', 'probability', 'of', 'scattering', 'contains', 'terms', 'which', 'are', 'proportional', 'to', 'both', 'the', 'electron', 'wave', 'vector', 'and', 'the', 'magnetic', 'field', 'components', 'the', 'terms', 'under', 'study', 'are', 'caused', 'by', 'the', 'lack', 'of', 'an', 'inversion', 'center', 'in', 'quantum', 'wells', 'due', 'to', 'structure', 'or', 'bulk', 'inversion', 'asymmetry', 'although', 'they', 'are', 'of', 'pure', 'diamagnetic', 'origin', 'such', 'a', 'magnetic', 'field', 'induced', 'asymmetry', 'of', 'scattering', 'can', 'be', 'responsible', 'for', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'phenomena', 'in', 'particular', 'the', 'asymmetry', 'of', 'inelastic', 'electronphonon', 'interaction', 'leads', 'to', 'an', 'electric', 'current', 'flow', 'if', 'only', 'the', 'electron', 'gas', 'is', 'driven', 'out', 'of', 'thermal', 'equilibrium', 'with', 'the', 'crystal', 'lattice']] | [-0.17295111109221276, 0.24293489781448444, -0.028106845146976412, 0.03592182130766256, -0.038914338871836665, -0.10573872194314997, -0.01475183248888546, 0.3817496589695414, -0.29982412440391876, -0.26955791406799107, 0.028653633498470298, -0.3024224219843745, -0.11068740103510208, 0.17586308619162688, 0.046084904806533204, -0.0036362766637466847, -0.0338837921153754, 0.019256966619286685, -0.02380576611321885, -0.19085688605555334, 0.31754871366235116, 0.04910226782085374, 0.31790374173627545, 0.11910912576277041, 0.054059721975742527, 0.04134640824049711, 0.05829888720763847, 0.06107839674320227, -0.05397050415079623, 0.055050902099659044, 0.20417416183869744, -0.062265172321349385, 0.17512696688645518, -0.4893808155786246, -0.2026921527693048, 0.0917187564385434, 0.14602938118235517, 0.16916841420170387, -0.09384630382992327, -0.26493668685046334, 0.025324776330186673, -0.11258941406461721, -0.1417331669712439, -0.07251228097011335, 0.016851026299991644, 0.016257474266846355, -0.28987814135083073, 0.11589912025568386, 0.0586869621106113, 0.06212001994717866, -0.10278968571607644, -0.055344525361821675, -0.059862196212634444, 0.04093459343615299, 0.0925874278822448, 0.06736322067154106, 0.19329526181099937, -0.16111325173963753, -0.10716017589438706, 0.408553449716419, -0.05349355141321818, -0.15640737888558456, 0.14989463935489766, -0.17920485833504549, 0.00985972813408201, 0.20495188699957603, 0.12591387497523102, 0.046531069344685726, -0.15074123640127557, 0.1023424822560628, -0.017480951337953837, 0.13403516795757847, 0.06003951407619752, 0.07177765559657322, 0.2987275350683679, 0.11603175264220529, 0.04426010274079696, 0.13245940529644334, -0.15182131445423389, -0.059089212395095576, -0.25920579709733527, -0.13302880581856394, -0.19112703336286357, 0.10953671253555512, -0.04142864852219645, -0.19888802192557098, 0.37252617900570234, 0.1147389492985288, 0.16181161346806525, -0.11892981980054174, 0.28252850520657374, 0.18786721269522483, 0.08569713411852717, 0.06617576049563165, 0.2752931862603873, 0.2208740683311286, 0.08599153497101118, -0.3215178411686793, 0.07405040715627062, -0.013562699089137216] |
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