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711.2708
Global exploration of the energy landscape of solids on the ab initio level
Predicting which crystalline modifications can be present in a chemical system requires the global exploration of its energy landscape. Due to the large computational effort involved, in the past this search for sufficiently stable minima has been performed employing a variety of empirical potentials and cost functions followed by a local optimization on the ab initio level. However, this entails the risk of overlooking important modifications that are not modeled accurately using empirical potentials. In order to overcome this critical limitation, we develop an approach to employ ab initio energy functions during the global optimization phase of the structure prediction. As an example, we perform a global exploration of the landscape of LiF on the ab initio level and show that the relevant crystalline modifications are found during the search.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
predicting which crystalline modifications can be present in a chemical system requires the global exploration of its energy landscape due to the large computational effort involved in the past this search for sufficiently stable minima has been performed employing a variety of empirical potentials and cost functions followed by a local optimization on the ab initio level however this entails the risk of overlooking important modifications that are not modeled accurately using empirical potentials in order to overcome this critical limitation we develop an approach to employ ab initio energy functions during the global optimization phase of the structure prediction as an example we perform a global exploration of the landscape of lif on the ab initio level and show that the relevant crystalline modifications are found during the search
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711.2709
Testing Quantum Devices: Practical Entanglement Verification in Bipartite Optical Systems
We present a method to test quantum behavior of quantum information processing devices, such as quantum memories, teleportation devices, channels and quantum key distribution protocols. The test of quantum behavior can be phrased as the verification of effective entanglement. Necessary separability criteria are formulated in terms of a matrix of expectation values in conjunction with the partial transposition map. Our method is designed to reduce the resources for entanglement verification. A particular protocol based on coherent states and homodyne detection is used to illustrate the method. A possible test for the quantum nature of memories using two non-orthogonal signal states arises naturally. Furthermore, closer inspection of the measurement process in terms of the Stokes operators reveals a security threat for quantum key distribution involving phase reference beams.
quant-ph
we present a method to test quantum behavior of quantum information processing devices such as quantum memories teleportation devices channels and quantum key distribution protocols the test of quantum behavior can be phrased as the verification of effective entanglement necessary separability criteria are formulated in terms of a matrix of expectation values in conjunction with the partial transposition map our method is designed to reduce the resources for entanglement verification a particular protocol based on coherent states and homodyne detection is used to illustrate the method a possible test for the quantum nature of memories using two nonorthogonal signal states arises naturally furthermore closer inspection of the measurement process in terms of the stokes operators reveals a security threat for quantum key distribution involving phase reference beams
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711.271
Finding a Feasible Flow in a Strongly Connected Network
We consider the problem of finding a feasible single-commodity flow in a strongly connected network with fixed supplies and demands, provided that the sum of supplies equals the sum of demands and the minimum arc capacity is at least this sum. A fast algorithm for this problem improves the worst-case time bound of the Goldberg-Rao maximum flow method by a constant factor. Erlebach and Hagerup gave an linear-time feasible flow algorithm. We give an arguably simpler one.
cs.DS
we consider the problem of finding a feasible singlecommodity flow in a strongly connected network with fixed supplies and demands provided that the sum of supplies equals the sum of demands and the minimum arc capacity is at least this sum a fast algorithm for this problem improves the worstcase time bound of the goldbergrao maximum flow method by a constant factor erlebach and hagerup gave an lineartime feasible flow algorithm we give an arguably simpler one
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711.2711
Universal computation with limited resources: Belousov-Zhabotinsky and Physarum computers
Using the examples of an excitable chemical system (Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium) and plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum we show that universal computation in a geometrically unconstrained medium is only possible when resources (excitability or concentration of nutrients) are limited. In situations of limited resources the systems studied develop travelling localizations. The localizations are elementary units of dynamical logical circuits in collision-based computing architectures.
nlin.PS nlin.AO
using the examples of an excitable chemical system belousovzhabotinsky medium and plasmodium of physarum polycephalum we show that universal computation in a geometrically unconstrained medium is only possible when resources excitability or concentration of nutrients are limited in situations of limited resources the systems studied develop travelling localizations the localizations are elementary units of dynamical logical circuits in collisionbased computing architectures
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711.2712
Parity Forwarding for Multiple-Relay Networks
This paper proposes a relaying strategy for the multiple-relay network in which each relay decodes a selection of transmitted messages by other transmitting terminals, and forwards parities of the decoded codewords. This protocol improves the previously known achievable rate of the decode-and-forward (DF) strategy for multirelay networks by allowing relays to decode only a selection of messages from relays with strong links to it. Hence, each relay may have several choices as to which messages to decode, and for a given network many different parity forwarding protocols may exist. A tree structure is devised to characterize a class of parity forwarding protocols for an arbitrary multirelay network. Based on this tree structure, closed-form expressions for the achievable rates of these DF schemes are derived. It is shown that parity forwarding is capacity achieving for new forms of degraded relay networks.
cs.IT math.IT
this paper proposes a relaying strategy for the multiplerelay network in which each relay decodes a selection of transmitted messages by other transmitting terminals and forwards parities of the decoded codewords this protocol improves the previously known achievable rate of the decodeandforward df strategy for multirelay networks by allowing relays to decode only a selection of messages from relays with strong links to it hence each relay may have several choices as to which messages to decode and for a given network many different parity forwarding protocols may exist a tree structure is devised to characterize a class of parity forwarding protocols for an arbitrary multirelay network based on this tree structure closedform expressions for the achievable rates of these df schemes are derived it is shown that parity forwarding is capacity achieving for new forms of degraded relay networks
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711.2713
Search for CPT and Lorentz Violation in B0-B0bar Oscillations with Dilepton Events
We report results of a search for CPT and Lorentz violation in B0-B0bar oscillations using inclusive dilepton events from 232 million Y(4S) --> BBbar decays recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II B Factory at SLAC. We find 2.8sigma significance, compatible with no signal, for variations in the complex CPT violation parameter z at the Earth's sidereal frequency and extract values for the quantities \Delta(a_\mu) in the general Lorentz-violating standard-model extension. The spectral powers for variations in z over the frequency range 0.26/year to 2.1/day are also compatible with no signal.
hep-ex
we report results of a search for cpt and lorentz violation in b0b0bar oscillations using inclusive dilepton events from 232 million y4s bbbar decays recorded by the babar detector at the pepii b factory at slac we find 28sigma significance compatible with no signal for variations in the complex cpt violation parameter z at the earths sidereal frequency and extract values for the quantities deltaa_mu in the general lorentzviolating standardmodel extension the spectral powers for variations in z over the frequency range 026year to 21day are also compatible with no signal
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711.2714
On the universal Gr\"obner bases of varieties of minimal degree
A universal Gr\"obner basis of an ideal is the union of all its reduced Gr\"obner bases. It is contained in the Graver basis, the set of all primitive elements. Obtaining an explicit description of either of these sets, or even a sharp degree bound for their elements, is a nontrivial task. In their '95 paper, Graham, Diaconis and Sturmfels give a nice combinatorial description of the Graver basis for any rational normal curve in terms of primitive partition identities. Their result is extended here to rational normal scrolls. The description of the Graver bases is given in terms of colored partition identities. This leads to a sharp bound on the degree of Graver basis elements, which is always attained by a circuit. Finally, for any variety obtained from a scroll by a sequence of projections to some of the coordinate hyperplanes, the degree of any element in any reduced Gr\"obner basis is bounded by the degree of the variety.
math.AC math.CO
a universal grobner basis of an ideal is the union of all its reduced grobner bases it is contained in the graver basis the set of all primitive elements obtaining an explicit description of either of these sets or even a sharp degree bound for their elements is a nontrivial task in their 95 paper graham diaconis and sturmfels give a nice combinatorial description of the graver basis for any rational normal curve in terms of primitive partition identities their result is extended here to rational normal scrolls the description of the graver bases is given in terms of colored partition identities this leads to a sharp bound on the degree of graver basis elements which is always attained by a circuit finally for any variety obtained from a scroll by a sequence of projections to some of the coordinate hyperplanes the degree of any element in any reduced grobner basis is bounded by the degree of the variety
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711.2715
In Orbit Timing Calibration of the Hard X-Ray Detector on Board Suzaku
The hard X-ray detector (HXD) on board the X-ray satellite Suzaku is designed to have a good timing capability with a 61 $\mu$s time resolution. In addition to detailed descriptions of the HXD timing system, results of in-orbit timing calibration and performance of the HXD are summarized. The relative accuracy of time measurements of the HXD event was confirmed to have an accuracy of $1.9\times 10^{-9}$ s s$^{-1}$ per day, and the absolute timing was confirmed to be accurate to 360 $\mu$s or better. The results were achieved mainly through observations of the Crab pulsar, including simultaneous ones with RXTE, INTEGRAL, and Swift.
astro-ph
the hard xray detector hxd on board the xray satellite suzaku is designed to have a good timing capability with a 61 mus time resolution in addition to detailed descriptions of the hxd timing system results of inorbit timing calibration and performance of the hxd are summarized the relative accuracy of time measurements of the hxd event was confirmed to have an accuracy of 19times 109 s s1 per day and the absolute timing was confirmed to be accurate to 360 mus or better the results were achieved mainly through observations of the crab pulsar including simultaneous ones with rxte integral and swift
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711.2716
Suzaku Discovery of Hard X-ray Pulsations from the Rotating Magnetized White Dwarf, AE Aquarii
The fast rotating magnetized white dwarf, AE Aquarii, was observed with Suzaku, in October 2005 and October 2006 with exposures of 53.1 and 42.4 ks, respectively. In addition to clear spin modulation in the 0.5--10 keV band of the XIS data at the barycentric period of 33.0769 \pm 0.0001 s, the 10--30 keV HXD data in the second half of the 2005 observation also showed statistically significant periodic signals at a consistent period. On that occasion, the spin-folded HXD light curve exhibited two sharp spikes separated by about 0.2 cycles in phase, in contrast to approximately sinusoidal profiles observed in energies below about 4 keV. The folded 4--10 keV XIS light curves are understood as a superposition of those two types of pulse profiles. The phase averaged 1.5--10 keV spectra can be reproduced by two thermal components with temperatures of $2.90_{-0.16}^{+0.20}$ keV and $0.53_{-0.13}^{+0.14}$ keV, but the 12-25 keV HXD data show a significant excess above the extrapolated model. This excess can be explained by either a power-law model with photon index of $1.12_{-0.62}^{+0.63}$ or a third thermal component with a temperature of $54_{-47}^{+26}$ keV. At a distance of 102 pc, the 4--30 keV luminosities of the thermal and the additional components become $1.7_{-0.6}^{+1.3}$ and $5.3_{-0.3}^{+15.3} \times 10^{29}$ erg s$^{-1}$, respectively. The latter corresponds to 0.09% of the spin down energy of the object. Possible emission mechanisms of the hard pulsations are discussed, including in particular non-thermal ones.
astro-ph
the fast rotating magnetized white dwarf ae aquarii was observed with suzaku in october 2005 and october 2006 with exposures of 531 and 424 ks respectively in addition to clear spin modulation in the 0510 kev band of the xis data at the barycentric period of 330769 pm 00001 s the 1030 kev hxd data in the second half of the 2005 observation also showed statistically significant periodic signals at a consistent period on that occasion the spinfolded hxd light curve exhibited two sharp spikes separated by about 02 cycles in phase in contrast to approximately sinusoidal profiles observed in energies below about 4 kev the folded 410 kev xis light curves are understood as a superposition of those two types of pulse profiles the phase averaged 1510 kev spectra can be reproduced by two thermal components with temperatures of 290_016020 kev and 053_013014 kev but the 1225 kev hxd data show a significant excess above the extrapolated model this excess can be explained by either a powerlaw model with photon index of 112_062063 or a third thermal component with a temperature of 54_4726 kev at a distance of 102 pc the 430 kev luminosities of the thermal and the additional components become 17_0613 and 53_03153 times 1029 erg s1 respectively the latter corresponds to 009 of the spin down energy of the object possible emission mechanisms of the hard pulsations are discussed including in particular nonthermal ones
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711.2717
Periodic energy switching of bright solitons in mixed coupled nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger equations with linear self and cross coupling terms
The bright soliton solutions of the mixed 2-coupled nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger (CNLS) equations with linear self and cross coupling terms have been obtained by identifying a transformation that transforms the corresponding equation to the integrable mixed 2-CNLS equations. The study on the collision dynamics of bright solitons shows that there exists periodic energy switching, due to the coupling terms. This periodic energy switching can be controlled by the new type of shape changing collisions of bright solitons arising in mixed 2-CNLS system, characterized by intensity redistribution, amplitude dependent phase shift and relative separation distance. We also point out that this system exhibits large periodic intensity switching even with very small linear self coupling strengths.
nlin.SI
the bright soliton solutions of the mixed 2coupled nonlinear schrodinger cnls equations with linear self and cross coupling terms have been obtained by identifying a transformation that transforms the corresponding equation to the integrable mixed 2cnls equations the study on the collision dynamics of bright solitons shows that there exists periodic energy switching due to the coupling terms this periodic energy switching can be controlled by the new type of shape changing collisions of bright solitons arising in mixed 2cnls system characterized by intensity redistribution amplitude dependent phase shift and relative separation distance we also point out that this system exhibits large periodic intensity switching even with very small linear self coupling strengths
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711.2718
A Risk-Sensitive Portfolio Optimization Problem with Fixed Incomes Securities
We discuss a class of risk-sensitive portfolio optimization problems. We consider the portfolio optimization model investigated by Nagai in 2003. The model by its nature can include fixed income securities as well in the portfolio. Under fairly general conditions, we prove the existence of optimal portfolio in both finite and infinite horizon problems.
q-fin.PM math.OC
we discuss a class of risksensitive portfolio optimization problems we consider the portfolio optimization model investigated by nagai in 2003 the model by its nature can include fixed income securities as well in the portfolio under fairly general conditions we prove the existence of optimal portfolio in both finite and infinite horizon problems
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711.2719
A re-visit of the phase-resolved X-ray and \gamma-ray spectra of the Crab pulsar
We use a modified outer gap model to study the multi-frequency phase-resolved spectra of the Crab pulsar. The emissions from both poles contribute to the light curve and the phase-resolved spectra. Using the synchrotron self-Compton mechanism and by considering the incomplete conversion of curvature photons into secondary pairs, the observed phase-averaged spectrum from 100 eV - 10 GeV can be explained very well. The predicted phase-resolved spectra can match the observed data reasonably well, too. We find that the emission from the north pole mainly contributes to Leading Wing 1. The emissions in the remaining phases are mainly dominated by the south pole. The widening of the azimuthal extension of the outer gap explains Trailing Wing 2. The complicated phase-resolved spectra for the phases between the two peaks, namely Trailing Wing 1, Bridge and Leading Wing 2, strongly suggest that there are at least two well-separated emission regions with multiple emission mechanisms, i.e. synchrotron radiation, inverse Compton scattering and curvature radiation. Our best fit results indicate that there may exist some asymmetry between the south and the north poles. Our model predictions can be examined by GLAST.
astro-ph
we use a modified outer gap model to study the multifrequency phaseresolved spectra of the crab pulsar the emissions from both poles contribute to the light curve and the phaseresolved spectra using the synchrotron selfcompton mechanism and by considering the incomplete conversion of curvature photons into secondary pairs the observed phaseaveraged spectrum from 100 ev 10 gev can be explained very well the predicted phaseresolved spectra can match the observed data reasonably well too we find that the emission from the north pole mainly contributes to leading wing 1 the emissions in the remaining phases are mainly dominated by the south pole the widening of the azimuthal extension of the outer gap explains trailing wing 2 the complicated phaseresolved spectra for the phases between the two peaks namely trailing wing 1 bridge and leading wing 2 strongly suggest that there are at least two wellseparated emission regions with multiple emission mechanisms ie synchrotron radiation inverse compton scattering and curvature radiation our best fit results indicate that there may exist some asymmetry between the south and the north poles our model predictions can be examined by glast
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711.272
Magnification Probability Distribution Functions of Standard Candles in a Clumpy Universe
Lensing effects on light rays from point light sources, such like Type Ia supernovae, are simulated in a clumpy universe model. In our universe model, it is assumed that all matter in the universe takes the form of randomly distributed objects each of which has finite size and is transparent for light rays. Monte-Carlo simulations are performed for several lens models, and we compute probability distribution functions of magnification. In the case of the lens models that have a smooth density profile or the same degree of density concentration as the spherical NFW (Navarro-Frenk-White) lens model at the center, the so-called gamma distributions fit well the magnification probability distribution functions if the size of lenses is sufficiently larger than the Einstein radius. In contrast, the gamma distributions do not fit the magnification probability distribution functions in the case of the SIS (Singular Isothermal Sphere) lens model. We find, by using the power law cusp model, that the magnification probability distribution function is fitted well using the gamma distribution only when the slope of the central density profile is not very steep. These results suggest that we may obtain information about the slope of the central density profiles of dark matter halo from the lensing effect of Type Ia supernovae.
astro-ph gr-qc
lensing effects on light rays from point light sources such like type ia supernovae are simulated in a clumpy universe model in our universe model it is assumed that all matter in the universe takes the form of randomly distributed objects each of which has finite size and is transparent for light rays montecarlo simulations are performed for several lens models and we compute probability distribution functions of magnification in the case of the lens models that have a smooth density profile or the same degree of density concentration as the spherical nfw navarrofrenkwhite lens model at the center the socalled gamma distributions fit well the magnification probability distribution functions if the size of lenses is sufficiently larger than the einstein radius in contrast the gamma distributions do not fit the magnification probability distribution functions in the case of the sis singular isothermal sphere lens model we find by using the power law cusp model that the magnification probability distribution function is fitted well using the gamma distribution only when the slope of the central density profile is not very steep these results suggest that we may obtain information about the slope of the central density profiles of dark matter halo from the lensing effect of type ia supernovae
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711.2721
Energy-Momentum Distribution of the Weyl-Lewis-Papapetrou and the Levi-Civita Metrics
This paper is devoted to compute the energy-momentum densities for two exact solutions of the Einstein field equations by using the prescriptions of Einstein, Landau-Lifshitz, Papapetrou and M\"{o}ller. The spacetimes under consideration are the Weyl-Lewis-Papapetrou and the Levi-Civita metrics. The Weyl metric becomes the special case of the Weyl-Lewis-Papapetrou solution. The Levi-Civita metric provides constant momentum in each prescription with different energy density. The Weyl-Lewis-Papapetrou metric yields all the quantities different in each prescription. These differences support the well-defined proposal developed by Cooperstock and from the energy-momentum tensor itself.
gr-qc
this paper is devoted to compute the energymomentum densities for two exact solutions of the einstein field equations by using the prescriptions of einstein landaulifshitz papapetrou and moller the spacetimes under consideration are the weyllewispapapetrou and the levicivita metrics the weyl metric becomes the special case of the weyllewispapapetrou solution the levicivita metric provides constant momentum in each prescription with different energy density the weyllewispapapetrou metric yields all the quantities different in each prescription these differences support the welldefined proposal developed by cooperstock and from the energymomentum tensor itself
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711.2722
The largest sample eigenvalue distribution in the rank 1 quaternionic spiked model of Wishart ensemble
We solve the largest sample eigenvalue distribution problem in the rank 1 spiked model of the quaternionic Wishart ensemble, which is the first case of a statistical generalization of the Laguerre symplectic ensemble (LSE) on the soft edge. We observe a phase change phenomenon similar to that in the complex case, and prove that the new distribution at the phase change point is the GOE Tracy--Widom distribution.
math.PR
we solve the largest sample eigenvalue distribution problem in the rank 1 spiked model of the quaternionic wishart ensemble which is the first case of a statistical generalization of the laguerre symplectic ensemble lse on the soft edge we observe a phase change phenomenon similar to that in the complex case and prove that the new distribution at the phase change point is the goe tracywidom distribution
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711.2723
Assortative mixing in Protein Contact Networks and protein folding kinetics
Starting from linear chains of amino acids, the spontaneous folding of proteins into their elaborate three-dimensional structures is one of the remarkable examples of biological self-organization. We investigated native state structures of 30 single-domain, two-state proteins, from complex networks perspective, to understand the role of topological parameters in proteins' folding kinetics, at two length scales-- as ``Protein Contact Networks (PCNs)'' and their corresponding ``Long-range Interaction Networks (LINs)'' constructed by ignoring the short-range interactions. Our results show that, both PCNs and LINs exhibit the exceptional topological property of ``assortative mixing'' that is absent in all other biological and technological networks studied so far. We show that the degree distribution of these contact networks is partly responsible for the observed assortativity. The coefficient of assortativity also shows a positive correlation with the rate of protein folding at both short and long contact scale, whereas, the clustering coefficients of only the LINs exhibit a negative correlation. The results indicate that the general topological parameters of these naturally-evolved protein networks can effectively represent the structural and functional properties required for fast information transfer among the residues facilitating biochemical/kinetic functions, such as, allostery, stability, and the rate of folding.
q-bio.MN q-bio.BM
starting from linear chains of amino acids the spontaneous folding of proteins into their elaborate threedimensional structures is one of the remarkable examples of biological selforganization we investigated native state structures of 30 singledomain twostate proteins from complex networks perspective to understand the role of topological parameters in proteins folding kinetics at two length scales as protein contact networks pcns and their corresponding longrange interaction networks lins constructed by ignoring the shortrange interactions our results show that both pcns and lins exhibit the exceptional topological property of assortative mixing that is absent in all other biological and technological networks studied so far we show that the degree distribution of these contact networks is partly responsible for the observed assortativity the coefficient of assortativity also shows a positive correlation with the rate of protein folding at both short and long contact scale whereas the clustering coefficients of only the lins exhibit a negative correlation the results indicate that the general topological parameters of these naturallyevolved protein networks can effectively represent the structural and functional properties required for fast information transfer among the residues facilitating biochemicalkinetic functions such as allostery stability and the rate of folding
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711.2724
In search of the QCD odderon in exclusive J/psi and Upsilon hadroproduction
Phenomenological studies of odderon effects are shortly reviewed. Special emphasis is devoted to a recent study of the exclusive production of J/psi or Upsilon in pp and bar p p collisions, where the meson emerges from the pomeron--odderon and the pomeron--photon fusion.
hep-ph
phenomenological studies of odderon effects are shortly reviewed special emphasis is devoted to a recent study of the exclusive production of jpsi or upsilon in pp and bar p p collisions where the meson emerges from the pomeronodderon and the pomeronphoton fusion
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711.2725
Edge states and the integer quantum Hall conductance in spin-chiral ferromagnetic kagome lattice
We investigate the chiral edge states in the two-dimensional ferromagntic kagom\'{e} lattice with spin anisotropies included. The system is periodic in the $x$ direction but has two edges in the $y$ direction. The Harper equation for solving the energies of edge states is derived. We find that there are two edge states in each bulk energy gap, corresponding to two zero points of the Bloch function on the complex-energy Riemann surface (RS). The edge-state energy loops parametrized by the momentum $k_{x}$ cross the holes of the RS. When the Fermi energy lies in the bulk energy gap, the quantized Hall conductance is given by the winding number of the edge states across the holes, which reads as $\sigma_{xy}^{\text{edge}}$=$-\frac{e^{2}}{h}% $sgn$(\sin\phi) $, where $\phi$ is the spin chiral parameter (see text). This result keeps consistent with that based on the topological bulk theory.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el
we investigate the chiral edge states in the twodimensional ferromagntic kagome lattice with spin anisotropies included the system is periodic in the x direction but has two edges in the y direction the harper equation for solving the energies of edge states is derived we find that there are two edge states in each bulk energy gap corresponding to two zero points of the bloch function on the complexenergy riemann surface rs the edgestate energy loops parametrized by the momentum k_x cross the holes of the rs when the fermi energy lies in the bulk energy gap the quantized hall conductance is given by the winding number of the edge states across the holes which reads as sigma_xytextedgefrace2h sgnsinphi where phi is the spin chiral parameter see text this result keeps consistent with that based on the topological bulk theory
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711.2726
Calculation of the potential of mean force from nonequilibrium measurements via maximum likelihood estimators
We present an approach to the estimate of the potential of mean force along a generic reaction coordinate based on maximum likelihood methods and path-ensemble averages in systems driven far from equilibrium. Following similar arguments, various free energy estimators can be recovered, all providing comparable computational accuracy. The method, applied to the unfolding process of the alpha-helix form of an alanine deca-peptide, gives results in good agreement with thermodynamic integration.
physics.comp-ph cond-mat.soft physics.chem-ph
we present an approach to the estimate of the potential of mean force along a generic reaction coordinate based on maximum likelihood methods and pathensemble averages in systems driven far from equilibrium following similar arguments various free energy estimators can be recovered all providing comparable computational accuracy the method applied to the unfolding process of the alphahelix form of an alanine decapeptide gives results in good agreement with thermodynamic integration
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711.2727
SO(10) GUT Baryogenesis
Baryogenesis, through the decays of heavy bosons, was considered to be one of the major successes of the grand unified theories (GUTs). It was then realized that the sphaleron processes erased any baryon asymmetry from the GUT-baryogenesis at a later stage. In this paper, we discuss the idea of resurrecting GUT-baryogenesis in a large class of SO(10) GUTs. Our analysis shows that fast lepton number violating but baryon number conserving processes can partially wash out the GUT-baryogenesis produced lepton and/or baryon asymmetry associated with or without the sphaleron and/or Yukawa interactions.
hep-ph
baryogenesis through the decays of heavy bosons was considered to be one of the major successes of the grand unified theories guts it was then realized that the sphaleron processes erased any baryon asymmetry from the gutbaryogenesis at a later stage in this paper we discuss the idea of resurrecting gutbaryogenesis in a large class of so10 guts our analysis shows that fast lepton number violating but baryon number conserving processes can partially wash out the gutbaryogenesis produced lepton andor baryon asymmetry associated with or without the sphaleron andor yukawa interactions
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711.2728
Left-Right Symmetric Model of Neutrino Dark Energy
We implemented the neutrino dark energy proposal in a left-right symmetric model. Unlike earlier models of mass varying neutrinos, in the present model the mass parameter that depends on the scalar field (acceleron) remains very light naturally. The required neutrino masses then predicts the U(1)_R breaking scale to be in the TeV range, providing new signals for LHC. Compared to all other neutrino dark energy proposals, this model has the added advantage that it can also be embedded into a grand unified theory. In this scenario leptogenesis occurs through decays of scalars at very high energy.
hep-ph
we implemented the neutrino dark energy proposal in a leftright symmetric model unlike earlier models of mass varying neutrinos in the present model the mass parameter that depends on the scalar field acceleron remains very light naturally the required neutrino masses then predicts the u1_r breaking scale to be in the tev range providing new signals for lhc compared to all other neutrino dark energy proposals this model has the added advantage that it can also be embedded into a grand unified theory in this scenario leptogenesis occurs through decays of scalars at very high energy
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711.2729
Estimating Granger causality from Fourier and wavelet transforms of time series data
Experiments in many fields of science and engineering yield data in the form of time series. The Fourier and wavelet transform-based nonparametric methods are used widely to study the spectral characteristics of these time series data. Here, we extend the framework of nonparametric spectral methods to include the estimation of Granger causality spectra for assessing directional influences. We illustrate the utility of the proposed methods using synthetic data from network models consisting of interacting dynamical systems.
physics.data-an cond-mat.stat-mech physics.bio-ph physics.geo-ph
experiments in many fields of science and engineering yield data in the form of time series the fourier and wavelet transformbased nonparametric methods are used widely to study the spectral characteristics of these time series data here we extend the framework of nonparametric spectral methods to include the estimation of granger causality spectra for assessing directional influences we illustrate the utility of the proposed methods using synthetic data from network models consisting of interacting dynamical systems
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711.273
Effects of feedback and feedforward loops on dynamics of transcriptional regulatory model networks
We demonstrate the advantages of feedforward loops using a Boolean network, which is one of the discrete dynamical models for transcriptional regulatory networks. After comparing the dynamical behaviors of network embedded feedback and feedforward loops, we found that feedforward loops can provide higher temporal order (coherence) with lower entropy (randomness) in a temporal program of gene expression. In addition, complexity of the state space that increases with longer length of attractors and greater number of attractors is also reduced for networks with more feedforward loops. Feedback loops show opposite effects on dynamics of the networks. These results suggest that feedforward loops are one of the favorable local structures in biomolecular and neuronal networks.
nlin.CG nlin.AO
we demonstrate the advantages of feedforward loops using a boolean network which is one of the discrete dynamical models for transcriptional regulatory networks after comparing the dynamical behaviors of network embedded feedback and feedforward loops we found that feedforward loops can provide higher temporal order coherence with lower entropy randomness in a temporal program of gene expression in addition complexity of the state space that increases with longer length of attractors and greater number of attractors is also reduced for networks with more feedforward loops feedback loops show opposite effects on dynamics of the networks these results suggest that feedforward loops are one of the favorable local structures in biomolecular and neuronal networks
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711.2731
Leading two-loop Yukawa corrections to the pole masses of SUSY fermions in the MSSM
We have calculated the leading Yukawa corrections to the chargino, neutralino and gluino pole masses in the DR-bar scheme in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with the full set of complex parameters. We have performed a numerical analysis for a particular point in the parameter space and found typical corrections of a few tenths of a percent thus exceeding the experimental resolution as expected at the ILC. We provide a computer program which calculates two-loop pole masses for SUSY fermions with complex parameters up to the respective order in pertubation theory.
hep-ph
we have calculated the leading yukawa corrections to the chargino neutralino and gluino pole masses in the drbar scheme in the minimal supersymmetric standard model mssm with the full set of complex parameters we have performed a numerical analysis for a particular point in the parameter space and found typical corrections of a few tenths of a percent thus exceeding the experimental resolution as expected at the ilc we provide a computer program which calculates twoloop pole masses for susy fermions with complex parameters up to the respective order in pertubation theory
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711.2732
The angle of repose of spherical grains in granular Hele-Shaw cells: A molecular dynamics study
We report the results of three dimensional molecular dynamic simulations on the angle of repose of a sandpile formed by pouring mono-sized cohesionless spherical grains into a granular Hele-Shaw cell. In particular, we are interested to investigate the effects of those variables which may impact significantly on pattern formation of granular mixtures in Hele-Shaw cells. The results indicate that the frictional forces influence remarkably the formation of pile on the grain level. Furthermore, We see that increasing grain insertion rate decreases slightly the angle of repose. We also find that in accordance with experimental results, the cell thickness is another significant factor and the angle of repose decays exponentially by increasing the cell thickness. It is shown that this effect can be interpreted as a cross-over from two to three dimensions. In fact, using grains with different sizes shows that the behaviour of the angle of repose when both size and cell thickness are varied is controlled by a scaled function of the ratio of these two variables.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we report the results of three dimensional molecular dynamic simulations on the angle of repose of a sandpile formed by pouring monosized cohesionless spherical grains into a granular heleshaw cell in particular we are interested to investigate the effects of those variables which may impact significantly on pattern formation of granular mixtures in heleshaw cells the results indicate that the frictional forces influence remarkably the formation of pile on the grain level furthermore we see that increasing grain insertion rate decreases slightly the angle of repose we also find that in accordance with experimental results the cell thickness is another significant factor and the angle of repose decays exponentially by increasing the cell thickness it is shown that this effect can be interpreted as a crossover from two to three dimensions in fact using grains with different sizes shows that the behaviour of the angle of repose when both size and cell thickness are varied is controlled by a scaled function of the ratio of these two variables
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711.2733
Electrically driven spin excitation in a ferroelectric magnet DyMnO_3
Temperature (5--250 K) and magnetic field (0--70 kOe) variations of the low-energy (1--10 meV) electrodynamics of spin excitations have been investigated for a complete set of light-polarization configurations for a ferroelectric magnet DyMnO$_3$ by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. We identify the pronounced absorption continuum (1--8 meV) with a peak feature around 2 meV, which is electric-dipole active only for the light $E$-vector along the a-axis. This absorption band grows in intensity with lowering temperature from the spin-collinear paraelectric phase above the ferroelectric transition, but is independent of the orientation of spiral spin plane ($bc$ or $ab$), as shown on the original $P_{\rm s}$ (ferroelectric polarization) $\parallel c$ phase as well as the magnetic field induced $P_{\rm s}\parallel a$ phase. The possible origin of this electric-dipole active band is argued in terms of the large fluctuations of spins and spin-current.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.str-el
temperature 5250 k and magnetic field 070 koe variations of the lowenergy 110 mev electrodynamics of spin excitations have been investigated for a complete set of lightpolarization configurations for a ferroelectric magnet dymno_3 by using terahertz timedomain spectroscopy we identify the pronounced absorption continuum 18 mev with a peak feature around 2 mev which is electricdipole active only for the light evector along the aaxis this absorption band grows in intensity with lowering temperature from the spincollinear paraelectric phase above the ferroelectric transition but is independent of the orientation of spiral spin plane bc or ab as shown on the original p_rm s ferroelectric polarization parallel c phase as well as the magnetic field induced p_rm sparallel a phase the possible origin of this electricdipole active band is argued in terms of the large fluctuations of spins and spincurrent
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711.2734
Free Martingale polynomials for stationary Jacobi processes
We generalize a previous result concerning free martingale polynomials for the stationary free Jacobi process of parameters $\lambda \in ]0.1], \theta = 1/2$. Hopelessly, apart from the case $\lambda = 1$, the polynomials we derive are no longer orthogonal with respect to the spectral measure. As a matter of fact, we use the multiplicative renormalization to write down the corresponding orthogonality measure.
math.PR
we generalize a previous result concerning free martingale polynomials for the stationary free jacobi process of parameters lambda in 01 theta 12 hopelessly apart from the case lambda 1 the polynomials we derive are no longer orthogonal with respect to the spectral measure as a matter of fact we use the multiplicative renormalization to write down the corresponding orthogonality measure
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711.2735
On the dimension of the sheets of a reductive Lie algebra
This note is a corrigendum to the previous version arXiv:0711.2735v3 published in J. Lie Theory. As it has been recently pointed out to me by Alexander Premet, Remark 3 of arXiv:0711.2735v3 is incorrect. We verify in this note thanks to recent results of Premet and Topley (see arXiv:1301.4653) that Theorem 25 of arXiv:0711.2735v3 remains correct in spite of this error.
math.RT
this note is a corrigendum to the previous version arxiv07112735v3 published in j lie theory as it has been recently pointed out to me by alexander premet remark 3 of arxiv07112735v3 is incorrect we verify in this note thanks to recent results of premet and topley see arxiv13014653 that theorem 25 of arxiv07112735v3 remains correct in spite of this error
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711.2736
Knitted Complex Networks
To a considerable extent, the continuing importance and popularity of complex networks as models of real-world structures has been motivated by scale free degree distributions as well as the respectively implied hubs. Being related to sequential connections of edges in networks, paths represent another important, dual pattern of connectivity (or motif) in complex networks (e.g., paths are related to important concepts such as betweeness centrality). The present work proposes a new supercategory of complex networks which are organized and/or constructed in terms of paths. Two specific network classes are proposed and characterized: (i) PA networks, obtained by star-path transforming Barabasi-Albert networks; and (ii) PN networks, built by performing progressive paths involving all nodes without repetition. Such new networks are important not only from their potential to provide theoretical insights, but also as putative models of real-world structures. The connectivity structure of these two models is investigated comparatively to four traditional complex networks models (Erdos-Renyi, Barabasi-Albert, Watts-Strogatz and a geographical model). A series of interesting results are described, including the corroboration of the distinct nature of the two proposed models and the importance of considering a comprehensive set of measurements and multivariated statistical methods for the characterization of complex networks.
physics.soc-ph cond-mat.dis-nn physics.comp-ph
to a considerable extent the continuing importance and popularity of complex networks as models of realworld structures has been motivated by scale free degree distributions as well as the respectively implied hubs being related to sequential connections of edges in networks paths represent another important dual pattern of connectivity or motif in complex networks eg paths are related to important concepts such as betweeness centrality the present work proposes a new supercategory of complex networks which are organized andor constructed in terms of paths two specific network classes are proposed and characterized i pa networks obtained by starpath transforming barabasialbert networks and ii pn networks built by performing progressive paths involving all nodes without repetition such new networks are important not only from their potential to provide theoretical insights but also as putative models of realworld structures the connectivity structure of these two models is investigated comparatively to four traditional complex networks models erdosrenyi barabasialbert wattsstrogatz and a geographical model a series of interesting results are described including the corroboration of the distinct nature of the two proposed models and the importance of considering a comprehensive set of measurements and multivariated statistical methods for the characterization of complex networks
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711.2737
Invarianten zusammenh\"angender Gruppen und die Cohen-Macaulay Eigenschaft
For G=SL_n or GL_n we construct representations V such that the invariant ring K[V]^G is not Cohen-Macaulay.
math.AC math.RT
for gsl_n or gl_n we construct representations v such that the invariant ring kvg is not cohenmacaulay
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711.2738
Konstruktion von Invariantenringen ohne die Cohen-Macaulay Eigenschaft
We give examples of Non-Cohen-Macaulay invariant rings.
math.AC math.RT
we give examples of noncohenmacaulay invariant rings
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711.2739
Asymptotic cohomology of circular units
Let $F$ be a number field, abelian over the rational field, and fix a odd prime number $p$. Consider the cyclotomic $Z_p$-extension $F_\infty/F$ and denote $F_n$ the ${n}^{\rm th}$ finite subfield and $C_n$ its group of circular units. Then the Galois groups $G_{m,n}=\Gal(F_m/F_n)$ act naturally on the $C_m$'s (for any $m\geq n>> 0$). We compute the Tate cohomology groups $\Hha^i(G_{m,n}, C_m)$ for $i=-1,0$ without assuming anything else neither on $F$ nor on $p$.
math.NT
let f be a number field abelian over the rational field and fix a odd prime number p consider the cyclotomic z_pextension f_inftyf and denote f_n the nrm th finite subfield and c_n its group of circular units then the galois groups g_mngalf_mf_n act naturally on the c_ms for any mgeq n 0 we compute the tate cohomology groups hhaig_mn c_m for i10 without assuming anything else neither on f nor on p
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711.274
Diffractive structure function F_L^D from fits with higher twist
We make predictions for the diffractive longitudinal structure function F_L^D to be measured at HERA, based on DGLAP fits of diffractive parton distributions with twist--4 contribution. This contribution describes diffractive qqbar production from longitudinal photons and significantly changes predictions for F_L^D obtained in pure DGLAP analyses.
hep-ph
we make predictions for the diffractive longitudinal structure function f_ld to be measured at hera based on dglap fits of diffractive parton distributions with twist4 contribution this contribution describes diffractive qqbar production from longitudinal photons and significantly changes predictions for f_ld obtained in pure dglap analyses
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711.2741
The Fine-Tuning Price of Neutralino Dark Matter in Models with Non-Universal Higgs Masses
We study the amounts of fine-tuning of the parameters of the MSSM with non-universal soft supersymmetry-breaking contributions to the Higgs masses (the NUHM) that would be required for the relic neutralino density to lie within the range favoured by WMAP and other astrophysical and cosmological observations. Such dark matter fine-tuning is analogous to the commonly studied electroweak fine-tuning associated with satisfying the electroweak symmetry breaking conditions, which we also study for completeness. We identify several distinct regions of the NUHM parameter space: a bulk region, a $\stau-\neut$ coannihilation region, a pseudoscalar Higgs funnel region, a focus-point bino/higgsino region and a $\sneut-\neut$ coannihilation region. Within each region, we analyse specific representative points for which we provide breakdowns of the contributions to the dark matter fine-tuning associated with the different NUHM parameters. In general, the NUHM offers points with both both smaller and larger amounts of dark matter fine-tuning than points in the corresponding regions of the CMSSM. Lower amounts of dark matter fine-tuning typically arise at points where several different (co)annihilation processes contribute, e.g., at junctions between regions with different dominant processes. We comment on the prospects for using collider measurements to estimate the likely dark matter density within the NUHM framework.
hep-ph
we study the amounts of finetuning of the parameters of the mssm with nonuniversal soft supersymmetrybreaking contributions to the higgs masses the nuhm that would be required for the relic neutralino density to lie within the range favoured by wmap and other astrophysical and cosmological observations such dark matter finetuning is analogous to the commonly studied electroweak finetuning associated with satisfying the electroweak symmetry breaking conditions which we also study for completeness we identify several distinct regions of the nuhm parameter space a bulk region a stauneut coannihilation region a pseudoscalar higgs funnel region a focuspoint binohiggsino region and a sneutneut coannihilation region within each region we analyse specific representative points for which we provide breakdowns of the contributions to the dark matter finetuning associated with the different nuhm parameters in general the nuhm offers points with both both smaller and larger amounts of dark matter finetuning than points in the corresponding regions of the cmssm lower amounts of dark matter finetuning typically arise at points where several different coannihilation processes contribute eg at junctions between regions with different dominant processes we comment on the prospects for using collider measurements to estimate the likely dark matter density within the nuhm framework
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711.2742
A massive Feynman integral and some reduction relations for Appell functions
New explicit expressions are derived for the one-loop two-point Feynman integral with arbitrary external momentum and masses $m_1^2$ and $m_2^2$ in D dimensions. The results are given in terms of Appell functions, manifestly symmetric with respect to the masses $m_i^2$. Equating our expressions with previously known results in terms of Gauss hypergeometric functions yields reduction relations for the involved Appell functions that are apparently new mathematical results.
hep-th math-ph math.CA math.MP
new explicit expressions are derived for the oneloop twopoint feynman integral with arbitrary external momentum and masses m_12 and m_22 in d dimensions the results are given in terms of appell functions manifestly symmetric with respect to the masses m_i2 equating our expressions with previously known results in terms of gauss hypergeometric functions yields reduction relations for the involved appell functions that are apparently new mathematical results
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711.2743
Pion--deuteron scattering length in Chiral Perturbation Theory up to order \chi^{3/2}
A complete calculation of the corrections to pion-deuteron scattering length up to order $\chi^{3/2}$ with $\chi=m_{\pi}/M_{N}$ is performed. The calculation includes the dispersive contributions and corrections due to the explicit treatment of the $\Delta$ resonance. s-wave pion-nucleon scattering parameters are extracted from a combined analysis of modern experimental data.
nucl-th
a complete calculation of the corrections to piondeuteron scattering length up to order chi32 with chim_pim_n is performed the calculation includes the dispersive contributions and corrections due to the explicit treatment of the delta resonance swave pionnucleon scattering parameters are extracted from a combined analysis of modern experimental data
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711.2744
Unparticle physics and lepton flavor violating radion decays in the Randall-Sundrum scenario
We predict the branching ratios of the lepton flavor violating radion decays r -> e^{\pm} \mu^{\pm}, r -> e^{\pm} \tau^{\pm} and r ->\mu^{\pm} \tau^{\pm} in the framework of the Randall-Sundrum scenario that the lepton flavor violation is carried by the scalar unparticle mediation. We observe that their BRs are strongly sensitive to the unparticle scaling dimension and, for its small values, the branching ratios can reach to the values of the order of 10^{-8}, for the heavy lepton flavor case.
hep-ph
we predict the branching ratios of the lepton flavor violating radion decays r epm mupm r epm taupm and r mupm taupm in the framework of the randallsundrum scenario that the lepton flavor violation is carried by the scalar unparticle mediation we observe that their brs are strongly sensitive to the unparticle scaling dimension and for its small values the branching ratios can reach to the values of the order of 108 for the heavy lepton flavor case
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711.2745
On Capacity Scaling in Arbitrary Wireless Networks
In recent work, Ozgur, Leveque, and Tse (2007) obtained a complete scaling characterization of throughput scaling for random extended wireless networks (i.e., $n$ nodes are placed uniformly at random in a square region of area $n$). They showed that for small path-loss exponents $\alpha\in(2,3]$ cooperative communication is order optimal, and for large path-loss exponents $\alpha > 3$ multi-hop communication is order optimal. However, their results (both the communication scheme and the proof technique) are strongly dependent on the regularity induced with high probability by the random node placement. In this paper, we consider the problem of characterizing the throughput scaling in extended wireless networks with arbitrary node placement. As a main result, we propose a more general novel cooperative communication scheme that works for arbitrarily placed nodes. For small path-loss exponents $\alpha \in (2,3]$, we show that our scheme is order optimal for all node placements, and achieves exactly the same throughput scaling as in Ozgur et al. This shows that the regularity of the node placement does not affect the scaling of the achievable rates for $\alpha\in (2,3]$. The situation is, however, markedly different for large path-loss exponents $\alpha >3$. We show that in this regime the scaling of the achievable per-node rates depends crucially on the regularity of the node placement. We then present a family of schemes that smoothly "interpolate" between multi-hop and cooperative communication, depending upon the level of regularity in the node placement. We establish order optimality of these schemes under adversarial node placement for $\alpha > 3$.
cs.IT math.IT
in recent work ozgur leveque and tse 2007 obtained a complete scaling characterization of throughput scaling for random extended wireless networks ie n nodes are placed uniformly at random in a square region of area n they showed that for small pathloss exponents alphain23 cooperative communication is order optimal and for large pathloss exponents alpha 3 multihop communication is order optimal however their results both the communication scheme and the proof technique are strongly dependent on the regularity induced with high probability by the random node placement in this paper we consider the problem of characterizing the throughput scaling in extended wireless networks with arbitrary node placement as a main result we propose a more general novel cooperative communication scheme that works for arbitrarily placed nodes for small pathloss exponents alpha in 23 we show that our scheme is order optimal for all node placements and achieves exactly the same throughput scaling as in ozgur et al this shows that the regularity of the node placement does not affect the scaling of the achievable rates for alphain 23 the situation is however markedly different for large pathloss exponents alpha 3 we show that in this regime the scaling of the achievable pernode rates depends crucially on the regularity of the node placement we then present a family of schemes that smoothly interpolate between multihop and cooperative communication depending upon the level of regularity in the node placement we establish order optimality of these schemes under adversarial node placement for alpha 3
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711.2746
Actions of semisimple Lie groups preserving a degenerate Riemannian metric
We prove a rigidity of the lightcone in Minkowski space. It is essentially the unique space endowed with a degenerate Riemannian metric, of lightlike type, and supporting an isometric non-proper action of a semi-simple group.
math.DG math.DS
we prove a rigidity of the lightcone in minkowski space it is essentially the unique space endowed with a degenerate riemannian metric of lightlike type and supporting an isometric nonproper action of a semisimple group
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711.2747
Development of New Hole-Type Avalanche Detectors and the First Results of their Applications
We have developed a new detector of photons and charged particles- a hole-type structure with electrodes made of a double layered resistive material: a thin low resistive layer coated with a layer having a much higher resistivity. One of the unique features of this detector is its capability to operate at high gas gains (up to 10E4) in air or in gas mixtures with air. They can also operate in a cascaded mode or be combined with other detectors, for example with GEM. This opens new avenues in their applications. Several prototypes of these devices based on new detectors and oriented on practical applications were developed and successfully tested: a detector of soft X-rays and alpha particles, a flame sensor, a detector of dangerous gases. All of these detectors could operate stably even in humid air and/or in dusty conditions. The main advantages of these detectors are their simplicity, low cost and high sensitivity. For example, due to the avalanche multiplication, the detectors of flames and dangerous gases have a sensitivity of 10-100 times higher than commercial devices. We therefore believe that new detectors will have a great future.
physics.ins-det
we have developed a new detector of photons and charged particles a holetype structure with electrodes made of a double layered resistive material a thin low resistive layer coated with a layer having a much higher resistivity one of the unique features of this detector is its capability to operate at high gas gains up to 10e4 in air or in gas mixtures with air they can also operate in a cascaded mode or be combined with other detectors for example with gem this opens new avenues in their applications several prototypes of these devices based on new detectors and oriented on practical applications were developed and successfully tested a detector of soft xrays and alpha particles a flame sensor a detector of dangerous gases all of these detectors could operate stably even in humid air andor in dusty conditions the main advantages of these detectors are their simplicity low cost and high sensitivity for example due to the avalanche multiplication the detectors of flames and dangerous gases have a sensitivity of 10100 times higher than commercial devices we therefore believe that new detectors will have a great future
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711.2748
Progress in NN --> NNpi
We survey the recent developments in the reaction $NN \to NN\pi$ in effective field theory. We show that the proper construction of the production operator needs a careful separation of irreducible pieces from reducible ones. The result of this consideration is a complete cancellation of all loops in the production operator at NLO. Moreover, we show that this procedure brings the leading Weinberg-Tomozawa vertex on-shell, thus enhancing the corresponding contribution to the transition amplitude by a factor of 4/3 as compared to the commonly used value. We also discuss the role of the $\Delta(1232)$ for the s-wave pion production. Being relatively sizable individually the direct and rescattering mechanisms of the $\Delta$ excitation at NLO cancel each other to a large extent. Thus, we conclude that the net effect of the $\Delta$ at NLO is very small.
nucl-th
we survey the recent developments in the reaction nn to nnpi in effective field theory we show that the proper construction of the production operator needs a careful separation of irreducible pieces from reducible ones the result of this consideration is a complete cancellation of all loops in the production operator at nlo moreover we show that this procedure brings the leading weinbergtomozawa vertex onshell thus enhancing the corresponding contribution to the transition amplitude by a factor of 43 as compared to the commonly used value we also discuss the role of the delta1232 for the swave pion production being relatively sizable individually the direct and rescattering mechanisms of the delta excitation at nlo cancel each other to a large extent thus we conclude that the net effect of the delta at nlo is very small
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711.2749
Diamond Solitaire
We investigate the game of peg solitaire on different board shapes, and find those of diamond or rhombus shape have interesting properties. When one peg captures many pegs consecutively, this is called a sweep. Rhombus boards of side 6 have the property that no matter which peg is missing at the start, the game can be solved to one peg using a maximal sweep of length 16. We show how to construct a solution on a rhombus board of side 6i, where the final move is a maximal sweep of length r, where r=(9i-1)(3i-1) is a "rhombic matchstick number".
math.CO cs.DM
we investigate the game of peg solitaire on different board shapes and find those of diamond or rhombus shape have interesting properties when one peg captures many pegs consecutively this is called a sweep rhombus boards of side 6 have the property that no matter which peg is missing at the start the game can be solved to one peg using a maximal sweep of length 16 we show how to construct a solution on a rhombus board of side 6i where the final move is a maximal sweep of length r where r9i13i1 is a rhombic matchstick number
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711.275
Double Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in a Tripod-type Atom System
The electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon in a four level atomic system with tripod configuration is studied. The results show that this configuration is equivalent to the combination of two single three-level $\Lambda$ configurations, which, under certain conditions, results in the so-called double-EIT (DEIT) phenomenon. The properties of the double transparency windows for DEIT are discussed in detail and the possible experimental scheme is proposed.
quant-ph
the electromagnetically induced transparency eit phenomenon in a four level atomic system with tripod configuration is studied the results show that this configuration is equivalent to the combination of two single threelevel lambda configurations which under certain conditions results in the socalled doubleeit deit phenomenon the properties of the double transparency windows for deit are discussed in detail and the possible experimental scheme is proposed
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711.2751
Estimation of the Repeatedly-Projected Reduced Density Matrix under Decoherence
Decoherence is believed to deteriorate the ability of a purification scheme that is based on the idea of driving a system to a pure state by repeatedly measuring another system in interaction with the former and hinder for a pure state to be extracted asymptotically. Nevertheless, we find a way out of this difficulty by deriving an analytic expression of the reduced density matrix for a two-qubit system immersed in a bath. It is shown that we can still extract a pure state if the environment brings about only dephasing effects. In addition, for a dissipative environment, there is a possibility of obtaining a dominant pure state when we perform a finite number of measurements.
quant-ph
decoherence is believed to deteriorate the ability of a purification scheme that is based on the idea of driving a system to a pure state by repeatedly measuring another system in interaction with the former and hinder for a pure state to be extracted asymptotically nevertheless we find a way out of this difficulty by deriving an analytic expression of the reduced density matrix for a twoqubit system immersed in a bath it is shown that we can still extract a pure state if the environment brings about only dephasing effects in addition for a dissipative environment there is a possibility of obtaining a dominant pure state when we perform a finite number of measurements
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711.2752
Pulse phase resolved analysis of the HMXB Cen X-3 over two binary orbits
We present a detailed analysis of observations of the high mass X-ray binary Cen X-3 spanning two consecutive binary orbits performed with the RXTE satellite in early March 1997. The PCA and HEXTE light curves both show a clear reduction in count rate after mid-orbit for both binary revolutions. We therefore analyze two broad band spectra for each orbit, before and after mid-orbit. Consistent with earlier observations these four joint PCA and HEXTE spectra can be well described using a phenomenological pulsar continuum model, including an iron emission line and a cyclotron resonance scattering feature. While no strong spectral variations were detected, the second half of orbit 2 shows a tendency toward being softer and more strongly absorbed. In order to follow the orbital phase-dependent evolution of the spectrum in greater detail, we model spectra for shorter exposures, confirming that most spectral parameters show either a gradual or sudden change for the second half of the second orbit. A comparison with a simple wind model indicates the existence of an accretion wake in this system. We also present and discuss high resolution pulse profiles for several different energy bands, as well as their hardness ratios. PCA and HEXTE spectra were created for 24 phase bins and fitted using the same model as in the phase averaged case. Systematic pulse phase-dependent variations of several continuum and cyclotron line parameters were detected, most notably a significant increase of the cyclotron line energy during the early rise of the main peak, followed by a gradual decrease. We show that applying a simple dipole model for the magnetic field is not sufficient to describe our data.
astro-ph
we present a detailed analysis of observations of the high mass xray binary cen x3 spanning two consecutive binary orbits performed with the rxte satellite in early march 1997 the pca and hexte light curves both show a clear reduction in count rate after midorbit for both binary revolutions we therefore analyze two broad band spectra for each orbit before and after midorbit consistent with earlier observations these four joint pca and hexte spectra can be well described using a phenomenological pulsar continuum model including an iron emission line and a cyclotron resonance scattering feature while no strong spectral variations were detected the second half of orbit 2 shows a tendency toward being softer and more strongly absorbed in order to follow the orbital phasedependent evolution of the spectrum in greater detail we model spectra for shorter exposures confirming that most spectral parameters show either a gradual or sudden change for the second half of the second orbit a comparison with a simple wind model indicates the existence of an accretion wake in this system we also present and discuss high resolution pulse profiles for several different energy bands as well as their hardness ratios pca and hexte spectra were created for 24 phase bins and fitted using the same model as in the phase averaged case systematic pulse phasedependent variations of several continuum and cyclotron line parameters were detected most notably a significant increase of the cyclotron line energy during the early rise of the main peak followed by a gradual decrease we show that applying a simple dipole model for the magnetic field is not sufficient to describe our data
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711.2753
Constraints on the TeV source population and its contribution to the galactic diffuse TeV emission
The detection by the HESS atmospheric Cerenkov telescope of fourteen new sources from the Galactic plane makes it possible to estimate the contribution of unresolved sources like those detected by HESS to the diffuse Galactic emission measured by the Milagro Collaboration. The number-intensity relation and the luminosity function for the HESS source population are investigated. By evaluating the contribution of such a source population to the diffuse emission we conclude that a significant fraction of the TeV energy emission measured by the Milagro experiment could be due to unresolved sources like HESS sources. Predictions concerning the number of sources which Veritas, Milagro, and HAWC should detect are also given.
astro-ph
the detection by the hess atmospheric cerenkov telescope of fourteen new sources from the galactic plane makes it possible to estimate the contribution of unresolved sources like those detected by hess to the diffuse galactic emission measured by the milagro collaboration the numberintensity relation and the luminosity function for the hess source population are investigated by evaluating the contribution of such a source population to the diffuse emission we conclude that a significant fraction of the tev energy emission measured by the milagro experiment could be due to unresolved sources like hess sources predictions concerning the number of sources which veritas milagro and hawc should detect are also given
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711.2754
On the embedding of spacetime in five-dimensional Weyl spaces
We revisit Weyl geometry in the context of recent higher-dimensional theories of spacetime. After introducing the Weyl theory in a modern geometrical language we present some results that represent extensions of Riemannian theorems. We consider the theory of local embeddings and submanifolds in the context of Weyl geometries and show how a Riemannian spacetime may be locally and isometrically embedded in a Weyl bulk. We discuss the problem of classical confinement and the stability of motion of particles and photons in the neighbourhood of branes for the case when the Weyl bulk has the geometry of a warped product space. We show how the confinement and stability properties of geodesics near the brane may be affected by the Weyl field. We construct a classical analogue of quantum confinement inspired in theoretical-field models by considering a Weyl scalar field which depends only on the extra coordinate.
gr-qc
we revisit weyl geometry in the context of recent higherdimensional theories of spacetime after introducing the weyl theory in a modern geometrical language we present some results that represent extensions of riemannian theorems we consider the theory of local embeddings and submanifolds in the context of weyl geometries and show how a riemannian spacetime may be locally and isometrically embedded in a weyl bulk we discuss the problem of classical confinement and the stability of motion of particles and photons in the neighbourhood of branes for the case when the weyl bulk has the geometry of a warped product space we show how the confinement and stability properties of geodesics near the brane may be affected by the weyl field we construct a classical analogue of quantum confinement inspired in theoreticalfield models by considering a weyl scalar field which depends only on the extra coordinate
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711.2755
Heat and Fluctuations from Order to Chaos
The Heat theorem reveals the second law of equilibrium Thermodynamics (i.e.existence of Entropy) as a manifestation of a general property of Hamiltonian Mechanics and of the Ergodic Hypothesis, valid for 1 as well as $10^{23}$ degrees of freedom systems, {\it i.e.} for simple as well as very complex systems, and reflecting the Hamiltonian nature of the microscopic motion. In Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics theorems of comparable generality do not seem to be available. Yet it is possible to find general, model independent, properties valid even for simple chaotic systems ({\it i.e.} the hyperbolic ones), which acquire special interest for large systems: the Chaotic Hypothesis leads to the Fluctuation Theorem which provides general properties of certain very large fluctuations and reflects the time-reversal symmetry. Implications on Fluids and Quantum systems are briefly hinted. The physical meaning of the Chaotic Hypothesis, of SRB distributions and of the Fluctuation Theorem is discussed in the context of their interpretation and relevance in terms of Coarse Grained Partitions of phase space. This review is written taking some care that each section and appendix is readable either independently of the rest or with only few cross references.
cond-mat.stat-mech
the heat theorem reveals the second law of equilibrium thermodynamics ieexistence of entropy as a manifestation of a general property of hamiltonian mechanics and of the ergodic hypothesis valid for 1 as well as 1023 degrees of freedom systems it ie for simple as well as very complex systems and reflecting the hamiltonian nature of the microscopic motion in nonequilibrium thermodynamics theorems of comparable generality do not seem to be available yet it is possible to find general model independent properties valid even for simple chaotic systems it ie the hyperbolic ones which acquire special interest for large systems the chaotic hypothesis leads to the fluctuation theorem which provides general properties of certain very large fluctuations and reflects the timereversal symmetry implications on fluids and quantum systems are briefly hinted the physical meaning of the chaotic hypothesis of srb distributions and of the fluctuation theorem is discussed in the context of their interpretation and relevance in terms of coarse grained partitions of phase space this review is written taking some care that each section and appendix is readable either independently of the rest or with only few cross references
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711.2756
Multi-mass schemes for collisionless N-body simulations
We present a general scheme for constructing Monte Carlo realizations of equilibrium, collisionless galaxy models with known distribution function (DF) f_0. Our method uses importance sampling to find the sampling DF f_s that minimizes the mean-square formal errors in a given set of projections of the DF f_0. The result is a multi-mass N-body realization of the galaxy model in which ``interesting'' regions of phase-space are densely populated by lots of low-mass particles, increasing the effective N there, and less interesting regions by fewer, higher-mass particles. As a simple application, we consider the case of minimizing the shot noise in estimates of the acceleration field for an N-body model of a spherical Hernquist model. Models constructed using our scheme easily yield a factor ~100 reduction in the variance in the central acceleration field when compared to a traditional equal-mass model with the same number of particles. When evolving both models with a real N-body code, the diffusion coefficients in our model are reduced by a similar factor. Therefore, for certain types of problems, our scheme is a practical method for reducing the two-body relaxation effects, thereby bringing the N-body simulations closer to the collisionless ideal.
astro-ph
we present a general scheme for constructing monte carlo realizations of equilibrium collisionless galaxy models with known distribution function df f_0 our method uses importance sampling to find the sampling df f_s that minimizes the meansquare formal errors in a given set of projections of the df f_0 the result is a multimass nbody realization of the galaxy model in which interesting regions of phasespace are densely populated by lots of lowmass particles increasing the effective n there and less interesting regions by fewer highermass particles as a simple application we consider the case of minimizing the shot noise in estimates of the acceleration field for an nbody model of a spherical hernquist model models constructed using our scheme easily yield a factor 100 reduction in the variance in the central acceleration field when compared to a traditional equalmass model with the same number of particles when evolving both models with a real nbody code the diffusion coefficients in our model are reduced by a similar factor therefore for certain types of problems our scheme is a practical method for reducing the twobody relaxation effects thereby bringing the nbody simulations closer to the collisionless ideal
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711.2757
Boundary effects in a three-state modified voter model for languages
The standard three-state voter model is enlarged by including the outside pressure favouring one of the three choices and by adding some biased internal random noise. The Monte Carlo simulations are motivated by states with the population divided into three groups of various affinities to each other. We show the crucial influence of the boundaries for moderate lattice sizes like 500 x 500. By removing the fixed boundary at one side, we demonstrate that this can lead to the victory of one single choice. Noise in contrast stabilizes the choices of all three populations. In addition, we compute the persistence probability, i.e., the number of sites who have never changed their opinion during the simulation, and we consider the case of "rigid-minded" decision makers.
physics.soc-ph
the standard threestate voter model is enlarged by including the outside pressure favouring one of the three choices and by adding some biased internal random noise the monte carlo simulations are motivated by states with the population divided into three groups of various affinities to each other we show the crucial influence of the boundaries for moderate lattice sizes like 500 x 500 by removing the fixed boundary at one side we demonstrate that this can lead to the victory of one single choice noise in contrast stabilizes the choices of all three populations in addition we compute the persistence probability ie the number of sites who have never changed their opinion during the simulation and we consider the case of rigidminded decision makers
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711.2758
Rational curves of degree 11 on a general quintic threefold
We prove that the incidence scheme of rational curves of degree 11 on quintic threefolds is irreducible. This implies a strong form of the Clemens conjecture in degree 11. Namely, on a general quintic threefold $F$ in $\mathbb{P}^4$, there are only finitely many smooth rational curves of degree 11, and each curve $C$ is embedded in $F$ with normal bundle $\mathcal{O}(-1) \oplus \mathcal{O}(-1)$. Moreover, in degree 11, there are no singular, reduced, and irreducible rational curves, nor any reduced, reducible, and connected curves with rational components on $F$.
math.AG math.AC
we prove that the incidence scheme of rational curves of degree 11 on quintic threefolds is irreducible this implies a strong form of the clemens conjecture in degree 11 namely on a general quintic threefold f in mathbbp4 there are only finitely many smooth rational curves of degree 11 and each curve c is embedded in f with normal bundle mathcalo1 oplus mathcalo1 moreover in degree 11 there are no singular reduced and irreducible rational curves nor any reduced reducible and connected curves with rational components on f
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711.2759
Gauge-Invariant Quantities Characterizing Gauge Fields in Chromodynamics
We calculate Lorentz-invariant and gauge-invariant quantities characterizing the product $\sum_a D_R(T^a) F^a_{\mu\nu}$, where $D_R(T^a)$ denotes the matrix for the generator $T^a$ in the representation $R=$ fundamental and adjoint, for color SU(3). We also present analogous results for an SU(2) gauge theory.
hep-th hep-ph nucl-th
we calculate lorentzinvariant and gaugeinvariant quantities characterizing the product sum_a d_rta fa_munu where d_rta denotes the matrix for the generator ta in the representation r fundamental and adjoint for color su3 we also present analogous results for an su2 gauge theory
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711.276
Computer Supported Collaborative Research
It is suggested that a new area of CSCR (Computer Supported Collaborative Research) is distinguished from CSCW (Computer Supported Collaborative Work) and CSCL (Computer Supported Collaborative Learning) and that the demarcation between the three areas could do with greater clarification and prescription. Although the areas of Human Computer Interaction (HCI), CSCW, and CSCL are now relatively well established, the related field of Computer Supported Collaborative Research (CSCR) is new and little understood. An analysis of the principles and issues behind CSCR is undertaken with a view to determining precisely its nature and scope and to delineate it clearly from CSCW and CSCL. This determination is such that it is generally applicable to the building, design and evaluation of collaborative research environments. A particular instance of the CSCR domain is then examined in order to determine the requirements of a collaborative research environment for students and supervisors (CRESS).
cs.HC
it is suggested that a new area of cscr computer supported collaborative research is distinguished from cscw computer supported collaborative work and cscl computer supported collaborative learning and that the demarcation between the three areas could do with greater clarification and prescription although the areas of human computer interaction hci cscw and cscl are now relatively well established the related field of computer supported collaborative research cscr is new and little understood an analysis of the principles and issues behind cscr is undertaken with a view to determining precisely its nature and scope and to delineate it clearly from cscw and cscl this determination is such that it is generally applicable to the building design and evaluation of collaborative research environments a particular instance of the cscr domain is then examined in order to determine the requirements of a collaborative research environment for students and supervisors cress
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711.2761
Multimodal Horizontal Branches: Empirical Evidence and Possible Evolutionary Scenarios
We review the available empirical evidence for the presence of "gaps" and multimodal distributions among horizontal branch (HB) stars, along with some of the theoretical scenarios that have been proposed to explain these features. While gaps along the HB have become increasingly less prominent and frequent as more and better color-magnitude diagram data have been obtained for Galactic globular clusters, the evidence for multimodal HBs has instead become stronger. In addition, different HB modes have recently started to be traced down to multiple components that have been detected among subgiant branch and main sequence stars, thus suggesting that their origin lies in the complex physical processes that took place at the earliest stages in the history of massive stellar clusters.
astro-ph
we review the available empirical evidence for the presence of gaps and multimodal distributions among horizontal branch hb stars along with some of the theoretical scenarios that have been proposed to explain these features while gaps along the hb have become increasingly less prominent and frequent as more and better colormagnitude diagram data have been obtained for galactic globular clusters the evidence for multimodal hbs has instead become stronger in addition different hb modes have recently started to be traced down to multiple components that have been detected among subgiant branch and main sequence stars thus suggesting that their origin lies in the complex physical processes that took place at the earliest stages in the history of massive stellar clusters
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711.2762
Variations on Information Embedding in Multiple Access and Broadcast Channels
Information embedding (IE) is the transmission of information within a host signal subject to a distortion constraint. There are two types of embedding methods, namely irreversible IE and reversible IE, depending upon whether or not the host, as well as the message, is recovered at the decoder. In irreversible IE, only the embedded message is recovered at the decoder, and in reversible IE, both the message and the host are recovered at the decoder. This paper considers combinations of irreversible and reversible IE in multiple access channels (MAC) and physically degraded broadcast channels (BC).
cs.IT math.IT
information embedding ie is the transmission of information within a host signal subject to a distortion constraint there are two types of embedding methods namely irreversible ie and reversible ie depending upon whether or not the host as well as the message is recovered at the decoder in irreversible ie only the embedded message is recovered at the decoder and in reversible ie both the message and the host are recovered at the decoder this paper considers combinations of irreversible and reversible ie in multiple access channels mac and physically degraded broadcast channels bc
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711.2763
High resolution x-ray study of nematic-smectic-A and Smectic-A-reentrant nematic transitions in liquid crystal+aerosil gels
We have studied the effects of quenched random disorder created by dispersed aerosil nanoparticle gels on the nematic to smectic-A (N-SmA) and smectic-A to reentrant nematic (SmA- RN) phase transitions of thermotropic liquid crystal mixtures of 6OCB (hexyloxycyanobiphenyl) and 8OCB (octyloxycyanobiphenyl). These effects are probed using high-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction techniques. We find that the reentrant characteristics of the system are largely unchanged by the presence of the aerosil gel network. By comparing measurements of the smectic static structure amplitude for this 8OCB-6OCB+aerosil system with those for butyloxybenzilidene-octylaniline (4O.8)+aerosil gels, we find that the short-range smectic order in the smectic-A phase is significantly weaker in the reentrant system. This result is consistent with the behavior seen in pure 8OCB-6OCB mixtures. The strength of the smectic ordering decreases progressively as the 6OCB concentration is increased. Detailed line shape analysis shows that the high- and low-temperature nematic phases (N and RN) are similar to each other.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.dis-nn
we have studied the effects of quenched random disorder created by dispersed aerosil nanoparticle gels on the nematic to smectica nsma and smectica to reentrant nematic sma rn phase transitions of thermotropic liquid crystal mixtures of 6ocb hexyloxycyanobiphenyl and 8ocb octyloxycyanobiphenyl these effects are probed using highresolution synchrotron xray diffraction techniques we find that the reentrant characteristics of the system are largely unchanged by the presence of the aerosil gel network by comparing measurements of the smectic static structure amplitude for this 8ocb6ocbaerosil system with those for butyloxybenzilideneoctylaniline 4o8aerosil gels we find that the shortrange smectic order in the smectica phase is significantly weaker in the reentrant system this result is consistent with the behavior seen in pure 8ocb6ocb mixtures the strength of the smectic ordering decreases progressively as the 6ocb concentration is increased detailed line shape analysis shows that the high and lowtemperature nematic phases n and rn are similar to each other
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711.2764
Constructing quantized enveloping algebras via inverse limits of finite dimensional algebras
It is known that a generalized $q$-Schur algebra may be constructed as a quotient of a quantized enveloping algebra $\UU$ or its modified form $\dot{\UU}$. On the other hand, we show here that both $\UU$ and $\dot{\UU}$ may be constructed within an inverse limit of a certain inverse system of generalized $q$-Schur algebras. Working within the inverse limit $\hat{\UU}$ clarifies the relation between $\dot{\UU}$ and $\UU$. This inverse limit is a $q$-analogue of the linear dual $R[G]^*$ of the coordinate algebra of a corresponding linear algebraic group $G$.
math.QA math.RA
it is known that a generalized qschur algebra may be constructed as a quotient of a quantized enveloping algebra uu or its modified form dotuu on the other hand we show here that both uu and dotuu may be constructed within an inverse limit of a certain inverse system of generalized qschur algebras working within the inverse limit hatuu clarifies the relation between dotuu and uu this inverse limit is a qanalogue of the linear dual rg of the coordinate algebra of a corresponding linear algebraic group g
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711.2765
Quantum Tomography of a system of three-level atoms
We analyze the possibility of tomographic reconstruction of a system of three-level atoms in both non-degenerate and degenerate cases. In the non-degenerate case (when both transitions can be accessed independently) a complete reconstruction is possible. In the degenerate case (when both transitions are excited simultaneously) the complete reconstruction is achievable only for a single atom in the Sigma configuration. For multiple Sigma atoms, or even a single atom in the Lambda configuration, only partial reconstruction is possible. Examples of one and two-atom cases are explicitly considered.
quant-ph
we analyze the possibility of tomographic reconstruction of a system of threelevel atoms in both nondegenerate and degenerate cases in the nondegenerate case when both transitions can be accessed independently a complete reconstruction is possible in the degenerate case when both transitions are excited simultaneously the complete reconstruction is achievable only for a single atom in the sigma configuration for multiple sigma atoms or even a single atom in the lambda configuration only partial reconstruction is possible examples of one and twoatom cases are explicitly considered
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711.2766
Superconnections and Parallel Transport
This note addresses the construction of a notion of parallel transport along superpaths arising from the concept of a superconnection on a vector bundle over a manifold $M$. A superpath in $M$ is, loosely speaking, a path in $M$ together with an odd vector field in $M$ along the path. We also develop a notion of parallel transport associated with a connection (a.k.a. covariant derivative) on a vector bundle over a \emph{supermanifold} which is a direct generalization of the classical notion of parallel transport for connections over manifolds.
math.DG math.AT
this note addresses the construction of a notion of parallel transport along superpaths arising from the concept of a superconnection on a vector bundle over a manifold m a superpath in m is loosely speaking a path in m together with an odd vector field in m along the path we also develop a notion of parallel transport associated with a connection aka covariant derivative on a vector bundle over a emphsupermanifold which is a direct generalization of the classical notion of parallel transport for connections over manifolds
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711.2767
Geometric Structure of Two Self-dual Fields with Constraints
A two dimensional Poincar$\acute{e}$-invariant self-dual field with constraints is studied in geometric way. We obtained its symplectic structure and conservative currents on space of solutions, which are also invariant under transformations of Poincar$\acute{e}$ group.
hep-th
a two dimensional poincaracuteeinvariant selfdual field with constraints is studied in geometric way we obtained its symplectic structure and conservative currents on space of solutions which are also invariant under transformations of poincaracutee group
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711.2768
Reply To "Comment on 'Quantum String Seal Is Insecure' "
In Phys. Rev. A. 76, 056301 (2007), He claimed that the proof in my earlier paper [Phys. Rev. A 75, 012327 (2007)] is insufficient to conclude the insecurity of all quantum string seals because my measurement strategy cannot obtain non-trivial information on the sealed string and escape detection at the same time. Here, I clarify that our disagreement comes from our adoption of two different criteria on the minimum amount of information a quantum string seal can reveal to members of the public. I also point out that He did not follow my measurement strategy correctly.
quant-ph
in phys rev a 76 056301 2007 he claimed that the proof in my earlier paper phys rev a 75 012327 2007 is insufficient to conclude the insecurity of all quantum string seals because my measurement strategy cannot obtain nontrivial information on the sealed string and escape detection at the same time here i clarify that our disagreement comes from our adoption of two different criteria on the minimum amount of information a quantum string seal can reveal to members of the public i also point out that he did not follow my measurement strategy correctly
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711.2769
A new proof of a theorem of Mansour and Sun
We give a new proof of a theorem of Mansour and Sun by using number theory and Rothe's identity.
math.CO math.NT
we give a new proof of a theorem of mansour and sun by using number theory and rothes identity
[['we', 'give', 'a', 'new', 'proof', 'of', 'a', 'theorem', 'of', 'mansour', 'and', 'sun', 'by', 'using', 'number', 'theory', 'and', 'rothes', 'identity']]
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711.277
Dynamical compactifications of C^2
We find good dynamical compactifications for arbitrary polynomial mappings of C^2 and use them to show that the degree growth sequence satisfies a linear integral recursion formula. For maps of low topological degree we prove that the Green function is well behaved. For maps of maximum topological degree, we give normal forms.
math.DS math.AG math.CV
we find good dynamical compactifications for arbitrary polynomial mappings of c2 and use them to show that the degree growth sequence satisfies a linear integral recursion formula for maps of low topological degree we prove that the green function is well behaved for maps of maximum topological degree we give normal forms
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711.2771
Analytic approximation of matrix functions and dual extremal functions
We study the question of the existence of a dual extremal function for a bounded matrix function on the unit circle in connection with the problem of approximation by analytic matrix functions. We characterize the class of matrix functions, for which a dual extremal function exists in terms of the existence of a maximizing vector of the corresponding Hankel operator and in terms of certain special factorizations that involve thematic matrix functions.
math.FA math.CA math.CV math.SP
we study the question of the existence of a dual extremal function for a bounded matrix function on the unit circle in connection with the problem of approximation by analytic matrix functions we characterize the class of matrix functions for which a dual extremal function exists in terms of the existence of a maximizing vector of the corresponding hankel operator and in terms of certain special factorizations that involve thematic matrix functions
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711.2772
The effect of energy amplification variance on the shock-acceleration
The shock-acceleration theory predicts a power-law energy spectrum in the test particle approximation, and there are two ways to calculate a power-law index, Peacock's approximation and Vietri's formulation. In Peacock's approximation, it is assumed that particles cross a shock front many times and energy-gains for each step are fully uncorrelated. On the other hand, correlation of the distribution of an energy-gain factor for a particle is considered in Vietri's formulation. We examine how Peacock's approximation differs from Vietri's formulation. It is useful to know when we can use Peacock's approximation because Peacock's approximation is simple to derive the power-law index. In addition, we focus on how the variance of the energy-gain factor has an influence on the difference between Vietri's formulation and Peacock's approximation. The effect of the variance has not been examined well until now. For demonstration, we consider two cases for the scattering in the upstream: the large-angle scattering (model A) and the regular deflection by large-scale magnetic fields (model B). Especially there is no correlation among the distribution of an energy-gain factor for every step in model A. In this model, we see the power-law index derived from Peacock's approximation differs from the one derived from Vietri's formulation when we consider the mildly-relativistic shock, and the variance of the energy-gain factor affects this difference. We can use Peacock's approximation for a non-relativistic shock and a highly-relativistic shock because the effect of the variance is hidden. In model B, we see the difference of the power-law converging along the shock velocity.
astro-ph
the shockacceleration theory predicts a powerlaw energy spectrum in the test particle approximation and there are two ways to calculate a powerlaw index peacocks approximation and vietris formulation in peacocks approximation it is assumed that particles cross a shock front many times and energygains for each step are fully uncorrelated on the other hand correlation of the distribution of an energygain factor for a particle is considered in vietris formulation we examine how peacocks approximation differs from vietris formulation it is useful to know when we can use peacocks approximation because peacocks approximation is simple to derive the powerlaw index in addition we focus on how the variance of the energygain factor has an influence on the difference between vietris formulation and peacocks approximation the effect of the variance has not been examined well until now for demonstration we consider two cases for the scattering in the upstream the largeangle scattering model a and the regular deflection by largescale magnetic fields model b especially there is no correlation among the distribution of an energygain factor for every step in model a in this model we see the powerlaw index derived from peacocks approximation differs from the one derived from vietris formulation when we consider the mildlyrelativistic shock and the variance of the energygain factor affects this difference we can use peacocks approximation for a nonrelativistic shock and a highlyrelativistic shock because the effect of the variance is hidden in model b we see the difference of the powerlaw converging along the shock velocity
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711.2773
Geometric vs. Dynamical Gates in Quantum Computing Implementations Using Zeeman and Heisenberg Hamiltonians
Quantum computing in terms of geometric phases, i.e. Berry or Aharonov-Anandan phases, is fault-tolerant to a certain degree. We examine its implementation based on Zeeman coupling with a rotating field and isotropic Heisenberg interaction, which describe NMR and can also be realized in quantum dots and cold atoms. Using a novel physical representation of the qubit basis states, we construct $\pi/8$ and Hadamard gates based on Berry and Aharonov-Anandan phases. For two interacting qubits in a rotating field, we find that it is always impossible to construct a two-qubit gate based on Berry phases, or based on Aharonov-Anandan phases when the gyromagnetic ratios of the two qubits are equal. In implementing a universal set of quantum gates, one may combine geometric $\pi/8$ and Hadamard gates and dynamical $\sqrt{\rm SWAP}$ gate.
quant-ph
quantum computing in terms of geometric phases ie berry or aharonovanandan phases is faulttolerant to a certain degree we examine its implementation based on zeeman coupling with a rotating field and isotropic heisenberg interaction which describe nmr and can also be realized in quantum dots and cold atoms using a novel physical representation of the qubit basis states we construct pi8 and hadamard gates based on berry and aharonovanandan phases for two interacting qubits in a rotating field we find that it is always impossible to construct a twoqubit gate based on berry phases or based on aharonovanandan phases when the gyromagnetic ratios of the two qubits are equal in implementing a universal set of quantum gates one may combine geometric pi8 and hadamard gates and dynamical sqrtrm swap gate
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711.2774
Mathematical Constraints on Gauge in Maxwellian Electrodynamics
The structure of classical electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and space-time homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved that in this case the 4-potentials are defined uniquely. On the other hand, the approach where Maxwell equations and the Lorentz law of force are regarded as cornerstones of the theory allows gauge transformations. For this reason, the two theories are not equivalent. A simple example substantiates this conclusion. Quantum physics is linked to the variational principle and it is proved that the same result holds for it. The compatibility of this conclusion with gauge invariance of the Lagrangian density is explained. Several alternative possibilities that may follow this work are pointed out.
physics.gen-ph
the structure of classical electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and spacetime homogeneity is analyzed it is proved that in this case the 4potentials are defined uniquely on the other hand the approach where maxwell equations and the lorentz law of force are regarded as cornerstones of the theory allows gauge transformations for this reason the two theories are not equivalent a simple example substantiates this conclusion quantum physics is linked to the variational principle and it is proved that the same result holds for it the compatibility of this conclusion with gauge invariance of the lagrangian density is explained several alternative possibilities that may follow this work are pointed out
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711.2775
The special linear representations of compact Lie groups
The special linear representation of a compact Lie group G is a kind of linear representation of compact Lie group G with special properties. It is possible to define the integral of linear representation and extend this concept to special linear representation for next using.
math.RT
the special linear representation of a compact lie group g is a kind of linear representation of compact lie group g with special properties it is possible to define the integral of linear representation and extend this concept to special linear representation for next using
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711.2776
Gamma Standing Wave in the Photonic Crystal of Resonant Rh Nuclei
In a previous report, we have shown that the rhodium lattice consisting of resonant nuclei is an ideal photonic crystal in nature. Plenty of extraordinary observations are attributed to the collective down conversion of the multipolar nuclear transition; in particular the spontaneous open up of photonic band gap. Emissions of directionality depending on the macroscopic geometry manifest that the standing wave is global in the polycrystalline sample. In this work, further observations of the directional emissions are summarized. By applying an external magnetic field at room temperature, not only the predicted macroscopic nuclear polarization but also its strong directionality are demonstrated. The standing wave lasts for more than hundred hours at room temperature in the single crystal despite its natural half-life of one hour. The so-called nuclear Raman Effect between two M4 transitions of 193mIr and 195mPt and the E3 transition of 103mRh is discovered, which gives the brand new aspects to detect gravitational waves.
quant-ph gr-qc physics.atom-ph
in a previous report we have shown that the rhodium lattice consisting of resonant nuclei is an ideal photonic crystal in nature plenty of extraordinary observations are attributed to the collective down conversion of the multipolar nuclear transition in particular the spontaneous open up of photonic band gap emissions of directionality depending on the macroscopic geometry manifest that the standing wave is global in the polycrystalline sample in this work further observations of the directional emissions are summarized by applying an external magnetic field at room temperature not only the predicted macroscopic nuclear polarization but also its strong directionality are demonstrated the standing wave lasts for more than hundred hours at room temperature in the single crystal despite its natural halflife of one hour the socalled nuclear raman effect between two m4 transitions of 193mir and 195mpt and the e3 transition of 103mrh is discovered which gives the brand new aspects to detect gravitational waves
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711.2777
The Schroedinger operator as a generalized Laplacian
The Schroedinger operators on the Newtonian space-time are defined in a way which make them independent on the class of inertial observers. In this picture the Schroedinger operators act not on functions on the space-time but on sections of certain one-dimensional complex vector bundle -- the Schroedinger line bundle. This line bundle has trivializations indexed by inertial observers and is associated with an U(1)-principal bundle with an analogous list of trivializations -- the Schroedinger principal bundle. For the Schroedinger principal bundle a natural differential calculus for `wave forms' is developed that leads to a natural generalization of the concept of Laplace-Beltrami operator associated with a pseudo-Riemannian metric. The free Schroedinger operator turns out to be the Laplace-Beltrami operator associated with a naturally distinguished invariant pseudo-Riemannian metric on the Schroedinger principal bundle. The presented framework is proven to be strictly related to the frame-independent formulation of analytical Newtonian mechanics and Hamilton-Jacobi equations, that makes a bridge between the classical and quantum theory.
math-ph math.DG math.MP
the schroedinger operators on the newtonian spacetime are defined in a way which make them independent on the class of inertial observers in this picture the schroedinger operators act not on functions on the spacetime but on sections of certain onedimensional complex vector bundle the schroedinger line bundle this line bundle has trivializations indexed by inertial observers and is associated with an u1principal bundle with an analogous list of trivializations the schroedinger principal bundle for the schroedinger principal bundle a natural differential calculus for wave forms is developed that leads to a natural generalization of the concept of laplacebeltrami operator associated with a pseudoriemannian metric the free schroedinger operator turns out to be the laplacebeltrami operator associated with a naturally distinguished invariant pseudoriemannian metric on the schroedinger principal bundle the presented framework is proven to be strictly related to the frameindependent formulation of analytical newtonian mechanics and hamiltonjacobi equations that makes a bridge between the classical and quantum theory
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711.2778
Formation and dynamics of many-boson fragmented states in attractive one-dimensional ultra-cold gases
Dynamics of attractive ultra-cold bosonic clouds in one dimension are studied by solving the many-particle time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. The initially coherent wave-packet can dynamically dissociate into two parts when its energy exceeds a threshold value. Noticeably, the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii theory applied to the same initial state does not show up the splitting. We call the split object {\it fragmenton}. It possesses remarkable properties: (1) it is two-fold fragmented, i.e., not coherent; (2) it is dynamically stable, i.e., it propagates almost without dispersion; (3) it is delocalized, i.e., the two dissociated parts still communicate with one another. A simple static model predicts the existence of fragmented states which are responsible for formation and dynamics of fragmentons.
cond-mat.other
dynamics of attractive ultracold bosonic clouds in one dimension are studied by solving the manyparticle timedependent schrodinger equation the initially coherent wavepacket can dynamically dissociate into two parts when its energy exceeds a threshold value noticeably the timedependent grosspitaevskii theory applied to the same initial state does not show up the splitting we call the split object it fragmenton it possesses remarkable properties 1 it is twofold fragmented ie not coherent 2 it is dynamically stable ie it propagates almost without dispersion 3 it is delocalized ie the two dissociated parts still communicate with one another a simple static model predicts the existence of fragmented states which are responsible for formation and dynamics of fragmentons
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711.2779
The Generalized Classical Time-Space
The newest model for space-time is based on sub-Riemannian geometry. In this paper, we use a combination of Lorentzian and sub-Riemannian geometry, the suggest a new model which likes to its ancestors, but with the most efficient in application. In continuation, we try to show a new connection which calls generalized connection, and prove some its properties.
math-ph math.MP
the newest model for spacetime is based on subriemannian geometry in this paper we use a combination of lorentzian and subriemannian geometry the suggest a new model which likes to its ancestors but with the most efficient in application in continuation we try to show a new connection which calls generalized connection and prove some its properties
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711.278
Epcast: Controlled Dissemination in Human-based Wireless Networks by means of Epidemic Spreading Models
Epidemics-inspired techniques have received huge attention in recent years from the distributed systems and networking communities. These algorithms and protocols rely on probabilistic message replication and redundancy to ensure reliable communication. Moreover, they have been successfully exploited to support group communication in distributed systems, broadcasting, multicasting and information dissemination in fixed and mobile networks. However, in most of the existing work, the probability of infection is determined heuristically, without relying on any analytical model. This often leads to unnecessarily high transmission overheads. In this paper we show that models of epidemic spreading in complex networks can be applied to the problem of tuning and controlling the dissemination of information in wireless ad hoc networks composed of devices carried by individuals, i.e., human-based networks. The novelty of our idea resides in the evaluation and exploitation of the structure of the underlying human network for the automatic tuning of the dissemination process in order to improve the protocol performance. We evaluate the results using synthetic mobility models and real human contacts traces.
cs.NI
epidemicsinspired techniques have received huge attention in recent years from the distributed systems and networking communities these algorithms and protocols rely on probabilistic message replication and redundancy to ensure reliable communication moreover they have been successfully exploited to support group communication in distributed systems broadcasting multicasting and information dissemination in fixed and mobile networks however in most of the existing work the probability of infection is determined heuristically without relying on any analytical model this often leads to unnecessarily high transmission overheads in this paper we show that models of epidemic spreading in complex networks can be applied to the problem of tuning and controlling the dissemination of information in wireless ad hoc networks composed of devices carried by individuals ie humanbased networks the novelty of our idea resides in the evaluation and exploitation of the structure of the underlying human network for the automatic tuning of the dissemination process in order to improve the protocol performance we evaluate the results using synthetic mobility models and real human contacts traces
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711.2781
Simulation of the flyby anomaly by means of an empirical asymmetric gravitational field with definite spatial orientation
All anomalous velocity increases until now observed during the Earth flybys of the spacecrafts Galileo, NEAR, Rosetta, Cassini and Messenger have been correctly calculated by computer simulation using an asymmetric field term in addition to the Newtonian gravitational field. The specific characteristic of this term is the lack of coupling to the rotation of the Earth or to the direction of other gravitational sources such as the Sun or Moon. Instead, the asymmetry is oriented in the direction of the Earth's motion within an assumed unique reference frame. With this assumption, the simulation results of the Earth flybys Galileo1, NEAR, Rosetta1 and Cassini hit the observed nominal values, while for the flybys Galileo2 and Messenger, which for different reasons are measured with uncertain anomaly values, the simulated anomalies are within plausible ranges. Furthermore, the shape of the simulated anomaly curve is in qualitative agreement with the measured Doppler residuals immediately following the perigee of the first Earth flyby of Galileo. Based on the simulation, an estimation is made for possible anomalies of the recently carried out flybys of Rosetta at Mars on 25.02.07 and at the Earth on 13.11.07, and for the forthcoming Earth flyby on 13.11.09. It is discussed, why a so modelled gravitational field has not been discovered until now by analysis of the orbits of Earth satellites, and what consequences are to be considered with respect to General Relativity.
physics.gen-ph gr-qc
all anomalous velocity increases until now observed during the earth flybys of the spacecrafts galileo near rosetta cassini and messenger have been correctly calculated by computer simulation using an asymmetric field term in addition to the newtonian gravitational field the specific characteristic of this term is the lack of coupling to the rotation of the earth or to the direction of other gravitational sources such as the sun or moon instead the asymmetry is oriented in the direction of the earths motion within an assumed unique reference frame with this assumption the simulation results of the earth flybys galileo1 near rosetta1 and cassini hit the observed nominal values while for the flybys galileo2 and messenger which for different reasons are measured with uncertain anomaly values the simulated anomalies are within plausible ranges furthermore the shape of the simulated anomaly curve is in qualitative agreement with the measured doppler residuals immediately following the perigee of the first earth flyby of galileo based on the simulation an estimation is made for possible anomalies of the recently carried out flybys of rosetta at mars on 250207 and at the earth on 131107 and for the forthcoming earth flyby on 131109 it is discussed why a so modelled gravitational field has not been discovered until now by analysis of the orbits of earth satellites and what consequences are to be considered with respect to general relativity
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711.2782
Interrelation of fast and slow electron waves at propagation of electromagnetic waves in Maxwellian collisionless plasma
It is shown in linear approximation that in the case of one-dimensional problem of transverse electron waves in a half-infinite slab of homogeneous Maxwellian collisionless plasma with the given boundary field frequency two wave branches of solution of the dispersion equation are simultaneously realizing. These are the branch of fast forward waves determined mainly by Maxwell equations of electromagnetic field, as well as the branch of forward and backward slow waves determined in the whole by kinetic properties of electrons in the collective electrical field. The physical nature of wave movements is revealed. A relation is found between electric field amplitudes of fast and slow waves. Multiform dividing the coupled slow waves into standing and traveling parts leads to a necessity of additional requirements to a selection of the type of a device analyzing these waves and its response interpretation.
physics.plasm-ph
it is shown in linear approximation that in the case of onedimensional problem of transverse electron waves in a halfinfinite slab of homogeneous maxwellian collisionless plasma with the given boundary field frequency two wave branches of solution of the dispersion equation are simultaneously realizing these are the branch of fast forward waves determined mainly by maxwell equations of electromagnetic field as well as the branch of forward and backward slow waves determined in the whole by kinetic properties of electrons in the collective electrical field the physical nature of wave movements is revealed a relation is found between electric field amplitudes of fast and slow waves multiform dividing the coupled slow waves into standing and traveling parts leads to a necessity of additional requirements to a selection of the type of a device analyzing these waves and its response interpretation
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711.2783
First images of 6.7-GHz methanol masers in DR21(OH) and DR21(OH)N
The first images of 6.7-GHz methanol masers in the massive star-forming regions DR21(OH) and DR21(OH)N are presented. By measuring the shapes, radial velocities and polarization properties of these masers it is possible to map out the structure, kinematics and magnetic fields in the molecular gas that surrounds newly-formed massive stars. The intrinsic angular resolution of the observations was 43 mas (~100 AU at the distance of DR21), but structures far smaller than this were revealed by employing a non-standard mapping technique. This technique was used in an attempt to identify the physical structure (e.g. disc, outflow, shock) associated with the methanol masers. Two distinct star-forming centres were identified. In DR21(OH) the masers had a linear morphology, and the individual maser spots each displayed an internal velocity gradient in the same direction as the large-scale structure. They were detected at the same position as the OH 1.7-GHz ground-state masers, close to the centre of an outflow traced by CO and class I methanol masers. The shape and velocity gradients of the masers suggests that they probably delineate a shock. In DR21(OH)N the methanol masers trace an arc with a double-peaked profile and a complex velocity gradient. This velocity gradient closely resembles that of a Keplerian disc. The masers in the arc are 4.5% linearly polarized, with a polarization angle that indicates that the magnetic field direction is roughly perpendicular to the large-scale magnetic field in the region (indicated by lower angular resolution measurements of the CO and dust polarization). The suitability of channel-by-channel centroid mapping is discussed as an improved and viable means to maximise the information gained from the data.
astro-ph
the first images of 67ghz methanol masers in the massive starforming regions dr21oh and dr21ohn are presented by measuring the shapes radial velocities and polarization properties of these masers it is possible to map out the structure kinematics and magnetic fields in the molecular gas that surrounds newlyformed massive stars the intrinsic angular resolution of the observations was 43 mas 100 au at the distance of dr21 but structures far smaller than this were revealed by employing a nonstandard mapping technique this technique was used in an attempt to identify the physical structure eg disc outflow shock associated with the methanol masers two distinct starforming centres were identified in dr21oh the masers had a linear morphology and the individual maser spots each displayed an internal velocity gradient in the same direction as the largescale structure they were detected at the same position as the oh 17ghz groundstate masers close to the centre of an outflow traced by co and class i methanol masers the shape and velocity gradients of the masers suggests that they probably delineate a shock in dr21ohn the methanol masers trace an arc with a doublepeaked profile and a complex velocity gradient this velocity gradient closely resembles that of a keplerian disc the masers in the arc are 45 linearly polarized with a polarization angle that indicates that the magnetic field direction is roughly perpendicular to the largescale magnetic field in the region indicated by lower angular resolution measurements of the co and dust polarization the suitability of channelbychannel centroid mapping is discussed as an improved and viable means to maximise the information gained from the data
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711.2784
A cluster density matrix for the effective field theory with correlations
A cluster density matrix is introduced in the form suitable for the self-consistent calculation of relevant thermodynamic averages for the Ising model with spin S=1/2. On this basis, derivation of the Gibbs free-energy for the effective field theory of Honmura and Kaneyoshi is presented.
cond-mat.stat-mech
a cluster density matrix is introduced in the form suitable for the selfconsistent calculation of relevant thermodynamic averages for the ising model with spin s12 on this basis derivation of the gibbs freeenergy for the effective field theory of honmura and kaneyoshi is presented
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711.2785
Binary nonlinearization of the super AKNS system
We establish the binary nonlinearization approach of the spectral problem of the super AKNS system, and then use it to obtain the super finite-dimensional integrable Hamiltonian system in supersymmetry manifold $\mathbb{R}^{4N|2N}$. The super Hamiltonian forms and integrals of motion are given explicitly.
nlin.SI
we establish the binary nonlinearization approach of the spectral problem of the super akns system and then use it to obtain the super finitedimensional integrable hamiltonian system in supersymmetry manifold mathbbr4n2n the super hamiltonian forms and integrals of motion are given explicitly
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711.2786
Infra-Red Surface-Plasmon-Resonance technique for biological studies
We report on a Surface-Plasmon-Resonance (SPR) technique based on Fourier -Transform - Infra - Red (FTIR) spectrometer. In contrast to the conventional surface plasmon technique, operating at a fixed wavelength and a variable angle of incidence, our setup allows the wavelength and the angle of incidence to be varied simultaneously. We explored the potential of the SPR technique in the infrared for biological studies involving aqueous solutions. Using computer simulations, we found the optimal combination of parameters (incident angle, wavelength) for performing this task. Our experiments with physiologically important glucose concentrations in water and in human plasma verified our computer simulations. Importantly, we demonstrated that the sensitivity of the SPR technique in the infrared range is not lower and in fact is even higher than that for visible light. We emphasize the advantages of infra red SPR for studying glucose and other biological molecules in living cells.
cond-mat.soft
we report on a surfaceplasmonresonance spr technique based on fourier transform infra red ftir spectrometer in contrast to the conventional surface plasmon technique operating at a fixed wavelength and a variable angle of incidence our setup allows the wavelength and the angle of incidence to be varied simultaneously we explored the potential of the spr technique in the infrared for biological studies involving aqueous solutions using computer simulations we found the optimal combination of parameters incident angle wavelength for performing this task our experiments with physiologically important glucose concentrations in water and in human plasma verified our computer simulations importantly we demonstrated that the sensitivity of the spr technique in the infrared range is not lower and in fact is even higher than that for visible light we emphasize the advantages of infra red spr for studying glucose and other biological molecules in living cells
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711.2787
Locally accessible information from multipartite ensembles
We present a universal Holevo-like upper bound on the locally accessible information for arbitrary multipartite ensembles. This bound allows us to analyze the indistinguishability of a set of orthogonal states under LOCC. We also derive the upper bound for the capacity of distributed dense coding with multipartite senders and multipartite receivers.
quant-ph
we present a universal holevolike upper bound on the locally accessible information for arbitrary multipartite ensembles this bound allows us to analyze the indistinguishability of a set of orthogonal states under locc we also derive the upper bound for the capacity of distributed dense coding with multipartite senders and multipartite receivers
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711.2788
The one-loop renormalization of the gauge sector in the \theta-expanded noncommutative standard model
In this paper we construct a version of the standard model gauge sector on noncommutative space-time which is one-loop renormalizable to first order in the expansion in the noncommutativity parameter $\theta$.
hep-th
in this paper we construct a version of the standard model gauge sector on noncommutative spacetime which is oneloop renormalizable to first order in the expansion in the noncommutativity parameter theta
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711.2789
Is the chiral phase transition induced by a metal-insulator transition?
We investigate the QCD Dirac operator with gauge configurations given by a liquid of instantons in the region of temperatures about the chiral phase transition. Both the quenched and unquenched cases are examined in detail. We present evidence of a localization transition in the low lying modes of the Dirac operator around the same temperature as the chiral phase transition. Thus both level statistics and eigenvectors of the QCD Dirac operator at the chiral phase transition have similar properties than those of a disordered conductor at the metal-insulator transition. This strongly suggests the phenomenon of Anderson localization (localization by destructive quantum interference) is the leading physical mechanism in the restoration of the chiral symmetry. Finally we argue that our findings are not in principle restricted to the ILM approximation and may also be found in lattice simulations.
hep-ph
we investigate the qcd dirac operator with gauge configurations given by a liquid of instantons in the region of temperatures about the chiral phase transition both the quenched and unquenched cases are examined in detail we present evidence of a localization transition in the low lying modes of the dirac operator around the same temperature as the chiral phase transition thus both level statistics and eigenvectors of the qcd dirac operator at the chiral phase transition have similar properties than those of a disordered conductor at the metalinsulator transition this strongly suggests the phenomenon of anderson localization localization by destructive quantum interference is the leading physical mechanism in the restoration of the chiral symmetry finally we argue that our findings are not in principle restricted to the ilm approximation and may also be found in lattice simulations
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711.279
Problem with the Derivation of the Navier-Stokes Equation by Means of Zwanzig-Mori Projection Technique of Statistical Mechanics
The derivation of the Navier-Stokes equation starting from the Liouville equation using projection techniques yields a friction term which is nonlinear in the velocity. Using the results of multilinear mode-coupling technique for calculating equlibrium correlation functions, it is shown that the second-order part of the term is non-zero, thus leading to an incorrect formula for the equation.
physics.gen-ph physics.class-ph
the derivation of the navierstokes equation starting from the liouville equation using projection techniques yields a friction term which is nonlinear in the velocity using the results of multilinear modecoupling technique for calculating equlibrium correlation functions it is shown that the secondorder part of the term is nonzero thus leading to an incorrect formula for the equation
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711.2791
Constraining MOND with Solar System dynamics
In this letter we investigate the deep Newtonian regime of the MOND paradigm from a purely phenomenological point of view by exploiting the least-square estimated corrections to the secular rates of the perihelia of the inner and of some of the outer planets of the Solar System by E.V. Pitjeva with the EPM2004 ephemerides. By using $\mu(x)\approx 1-k_0(1/x)^n$ for the interpolating MONDian function, and by assuming that $k_0$, considered body-independent so to avoid violations of the equivalence principle, experiences no spatial variations throughout the Solar System we tightly constrain $n$ with the ratios of the perihelion precessions for different pairs of planets. We find that the range $1\leq n\leq 2$ is neatly excluded at much more than $3-\sigma$ level. Such a test would greatly benefit from the use of extra-precessions of perihelia independently estimated by other groups as well.
gr-qc astro-ph hep-ph physics.space-ph
in this letter we investigate the deep newtonian regime of the mond paradigm from a purely phenomenological point of view by exploiting the leastsquare estimated corrections to the secular rates of the perihelia of the inner and of some of the outer planets of the solar system by ev pitjeva with the epm2004 ephemerides by using muxapprox 1k_01xn for the interpolating mondian function and by assuming that k_0 considered bodyindependent so to avoid violations of the equivalence principle experiences no spatial variations throughout the solar system we tightly constrain n with the ratios of the perihelion precessions for different pairs of planets we find that the range 1leq nleq 2 is neatly excluded at much more than 3sigma level such a test would greatly benefit from the use of extraprecessions of perihelia independently estimated by other groups as well
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711.2792
Discrete States in Light-Like Linear Dilaton Background
We study the spectrum of bosonic strings in the light-like linear dilaton background and find discrete states. These are physical states which exist only at specific values of momentum. All except one discrete states generate spacetime symmetries. The exceptional discrete state corresponds to constraints which are deformations of conservation laws. The constraints resemble those arising from symmetries, and are equally powerful, suggesting that our notion of symmetry should be generalized.
hep-th
we study the spectrum of bosonic strings in the lightlike linear dilaton background and find discrete states these are physical states which exist only at specific values of momentum all except one discrete states generate spacetime symmetries the exceptional discrete state corresponds to constraints which are deformations of conservation laws the constraints resemble those arising from symmetries and are equally powerful suggesting that our notion of symmetry should be generalized
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711.2793
Long-Time Asymptotics for the Toda Lattice in the Soliton Region
We apply the method of nonlinear steepest descent to compute the long-time asymptotics of the Toda lattice for decaying initial data in the soliton region. In addition, we point out how to reduce the problem in the remaining region to the known case without solitons.
nlin.SI math-ph math.MP
we apply the method of nonlinear steepest descent to compute the longtime asymptotics of the toda lattice for decaying initial data in the soliton region in addition we point out how to reduce the problem in the remaining region to the known case without solitons
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711.2794
Representation dimension and finitely generated cohomology
We consider selfinjective Artin algebras whose cohomology groups are finitely generated over a central ring of cohomology operators. For such an algebra, we show that the representation dimension is strictly greater than the maximal complexity occurring among its modules. This provides a unified approach to computing lower bounds for the representation dimension of group algebras, exterior algebras and Artin complete intersections. We also obtain new examples of classes of algebras with arbitrarily large representation dimension.
math.RT math.RA
we consider selfinjective artin algebras whose cohomology groups are finitely generated over a central ring of cohomology operators for such an algebra we show that the representation dimension is strictly greater than the maximal complexity occurring among its modules this provides a unified approach to computing lower bounds for the representation dimension of group algebras exterior algebras and artin complete intersections we also obtain new examples of classes of algebras with arbitrarily large representation dimension
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711.2795
The ideas behind the Self Consistent Expansion
In recent years we have witnessed a growing interest in various non-equilibrium systems described in terms of stochastic non-linear field theories. In some of those systems like the KPZ and related models, the interesting behavior is in the strong coupling regime, which is inaccessible by traditional perturbative treatments such as dynamical renormalization group (DRG). A useful tool in the study of such system is the Self Consistent Expansion (SCE), which might be said to generate its own "small parameter" .The self consistent expansion (SCE) has the advantage that its structure is just that of a regular expansion, the only difference is that the simple system around which the expansion is performed is adjustable. The purpose of the this article is to present the method in a simple and understandable way, that hopefully will make it accessible to a wider public working on non-equilibrium statistical physics.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
in recent years we have witnessed a growing interest in various nonequilibrium systems described in terms of stochastic nonlinear field theories in some of those systems like the kpz and related models the interesting behavior is in the strong coupling regime which is inaccessible by traditional perturbative treatments such as dynamical renormalization group drg a useful tool in the study of such system is the self consistent expansion sce which might be said to generate its own small parameter the self consistent expansion sce has the advantage that its structure is just that of a regular expansion the only difference is that the simple system around which the expansion is performed is adjustable the purpose of the this article is to present the method in a simple and understandable way that hopefully will make it accessible to a wider public working on nonequilibrium statistical physics
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711.2796
On Lie groups as quasi-K\"ahler manifolds with Killing Norden metric
A 6-parametric family of 6--dimensional quasi-K\"ahler manifolds with Norden metric is constructed on a Lie group. This family is characterized geometrically.
math.DG
a 6parametric family of 6dimensional quasikahler manifolds with norden metric is constructed on a lie group this family is characterized geometrically
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711.2797
Emergent Gravity And The Cosmological Constant Problem
We address issues on the origin of gravity and the cosmological constant problem based on a recent understanding about the correspondence between noncommutative field theory and gravity. We suggest that the cosmological constant problem can be resolved in a natural way if gravity emerges from a gauge theory in noncommutative spacetime. Especially, we elucidate why the emergent gravity implies that vacuum energy does not gravitate but only fluctuations around the vacuum generate gravity. That is, a flat spacetime emerges from uniform condensation of energy, previously identified with the cosmological constant.
hep-th gr-qc hep-ph
we address issues on the origin of gravity and the cosmological constant problem based on a recent understanding about the correspondence between noncommutative field theory and gravity we suggest that the cosmological constant problem can be resolved in a natural way if gravity emerges from a gauge theory in noncommutative spacetime especially we elucidate why the emergent gravity implies that vacuum energy does not gravitate but only fluctuations around the vacuum generate gravity that is a flat spacetime emerges from uniform condensation of energy previously identified with the cosmological constant
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711.2798
Almost hypercomplex pseudo-Hermitian manifolds and a 4-dimensional Lie group with such structure
Almost hypercomplex pseudo-Hermitian manifolds are considered. Isotropic hyper-K\"ahler manifolds are introduced. A 4-parametric family of 4-dimensional manifolds of this type is constructed on a Lie group. This family is characterized geometrically. The condition a 4-manifold to be isotropic hyper-K\"ahler is given.
math.DG
almost hypercomplex pseudohermitian manifolds are considered isotropic hyperkahler manifolds are introduced a 4parametric family of 4dimensional manifolds of this type is constructed on a lie group this family is characterized geometrically the condition a 4manifold to be isotropic hyperkahler is given
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711.2799
Large attractors in cooperative bi-quadratic Boolean networks. Part I
Boolean networks have been the object of much attention, especially since S. Kauffman proposed them in the 1960's as models for gene regulatory networks. These systems are characterized by being defined on a Boolean state space and by simultaneous updating at discrete time steps. Of particular importance for biological applications are networks in which the indegree for each variable is bounded by a fixed constant, as was stressed by Kauffman in his original papers. An important question is which conditions on the network topology can rule out exponentially long periodic orbits in the system. In this paper, we consider systems with positive feedback interconnections among all variables (known as cooperative systems), which in a continuous setting guarantees a very stable dynamics. We show that for an arbitrary constant 0<c<2 and sufficiently large n there exist n-dimensional cooperative Boolean networks in which both the indegree and outdegree of each variable is bounded by two, and which nevertheless contain periodic orbits of length at least c^n. In Part II of this paper we will prove an inverse result showing that any system with such a dynamic behavior must in a sense be similar to the example described.
q-bio.MN q-bio.QM
boolean networks have been the object of much attention especially since s kauffman proposed them in the 1960s as models for gene regulatory networks these systems are characterized by being defined on a boolean state space and by simultaneous updating at discrete time steps of particular importance for biological applications are networks in which the indegree for each variable is bounded by a fixed constant as was stressed by kauffman in his original papers an important question is which conditions on the network topology can rule out exponentially long periodic orbits in the system in this paper we consider systems with positive feedback interconnections among all variables known as cooperative systems which in a continuous setting guarantees a very stable dynamics we show that for an arbitrary constant 0c2 and sufficiently large n there exist ndimensional cooperative boolean networks in which both the indegree and outdegree of each variable is bounded by two and which nevertheless contain periodic orbits of length at least cn in part ii of this paper we will prove an inverse result showing that any system with such a dynamic behavior must in a sense be similar to the example described
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711.28
Parameter testing with bounded degree graphs of subexponential growth
Parameter testing algorithms are using constant number of queries to estimate the value of a certain parameter of a very large finite graph. It is well-known that graph parameters such as the independence ratio or the edit-distance from 3-colorability are not testable in bounded degree graphs. We prove, however, that these and several other interesting graph parameters are testable in bounded degree graphs of subexponential growth.
math.CO math-ph math.MP
parameter testing algorithms are using constant number of queries to estimate the value of a certain parameter of a very large finite graph it is wellknown that graph parameters such as the independence ratio or the editdistance from 3colorability are not testable in bounded degree graphs we prove however that these and several other interesting graph parameters are testable in bounded degree graphs of subexponential growth
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711.2801
Inverse Sampling for Nonasymptotic Sequential Estimation of Bounded Variable Means
In this paper, we consider the nonasymptotic sequential estimation of means of random variables bounded in between zero and one. We have rigorously demonstrated that, in order to guarantee prescribed relative precision and confidence level, it suffices to continue sampling until the sample sum is no less than a certain bound and then take the average of samples as an estimate for the mean of the bounded random variable. We have developed an explicit formula and a bisection search method for the determination of such bound of sample sum, without any knowledge of the bounded variable. Moreover, we have derived bounds for the distribution of sample size. In the special case of Bernoulli random variables, we have established analytical and numerical methods to further reduce the bound of sample sum and thus improve the efficiency of sampling. Furthermore, the fallacy of existing results are detected and analyzed.
math.ST cs.LG math.PR stat.TH
in this paper we consider the nonasymptotic sequential estimation of means of random variables bounded in between zero and one we have rigorously demonstrated that in order to guarantee prescribed relative precision and confidence level it suffices to continue sampling until the sample sum is no less than a certain bound and then take the average of samples as an estimate for the mean of the bounded random variable we have developed an explicit formula and a bisection search method for the determination of such bound of sample sum without any knowledge of the bounded variable moreover we have derived bounds for the distribution of sample size in the special case of bernoulli random variables we have established analytical and numerical methods to further reduce the bound of sample sum and thus improve the efficiency of sampling furthermore the fallacy of existing results are detected and analyzed
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711.2802
*-Doubles and embedding of associative algebras in B(H)
We study the *-double functor between the categories of associative and involutive algebras. It is proved that an associative algebra is isomorphic to a subalgebra of a $C\sp*$-algebra if and only if its *-double is *-isomorphic to a *-subalgebra of a $C\sp*$-algebra. Some applications in the theory of operator algebras are presented. In particular each operator algebra is shown to be completely boundedly isomorphic to an operator algebra $B$ with the greatest $C\sp*$-subalgebra consisting of the multiples of the unit and such that each element in $B$ is determined by its module up to a scalar multiple. We also study the maximal subalgebras of an operator algebra $A$ which are mapped into $C\sp*$-algebras under completely bounded faithful representations of $A$.
math.OA math.FA
we study the double functor between the categories of associative and involutive algebras it is proved that an associative algebra is isomorphic to a subalgebra of a cspalgebra if and only if its double is isomorphic to a subalgebra of a cspalgebra some applications in the theory of operator algebras are presented in particular each operator algebra is shown to be completely boundedly isomorphic to an operator algebra b with the greatest cspsubalgebra consisting of the multiples of the unit and such that each element in b is determined by its module up to a scalar multiple we also study the maximal subalgebras of an operator algebra a which are mapped into cspalgebras under completely bounded faithful representations of a
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711.2803
On Non-handlebody Instantons in 3D Gravity
In this note we describe the contribution from non-handlebody geometries to the partition function of three-dimensional pure gravity with negative cosmological constant on a Riemann surface of genus greater than one, extending previous considerations for handlebodies.
hep-th
in this note we describe the contribution from nonhandlebody geometries to the partition function of threedimensional pure gravity with negative cosmological constant on a riemann surface of genus greater than one extending previous considerations for handlebodies
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711.2804
On Gamma Ray Burst and Blazar AGN Origins of the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays in Light of First Results from Auger
The discoveries of the GZK cutoff with the HiRes and Auger Observatories and the discovery by Auger of clustering of >~60 EeV ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) towards nearby <~75 Mpc) AGNs along the supergalactic plane establishes the astrophysical origin of the UHECRs. The likely sources of the UHECRs are gamma-ray bursts and radio-loud AGNs because: (1) they are extragalactic; (2) they are sufficiently powerful; (3) acceleration to ultra-high energies can be achieved in their relativistic ejecta; (4) anomalous X-ray and gamma-ray features can be explained by nonthermal hadron acceleration in relativistic blast waves; and (5) sources reside within the GZK radius. Two arguments for acceleration to UHE are presented, and limits on UHECR ion acceleration are set. UHECR ions are shown to be able to survive without photodisintegrating while passing through the AGN scattered radiation field, even if launched deep in the broad line region. UHECR injection throughout cosmic time fits the measured energy spectrum of UHECRs, at least for protons. Local UHECR proton and ion interaction and energy-loss mean free paths are calculated using an empirical fit to the extragalactic background light (EBL) at IR and optical energies. Minimum intergalactic magnetic (IGM) fields ~1e-11 G are derived from clustering assuming specific source origins, e.g., Cen A, nearby AGNs, or GRBs for the super-GZK CRs seen with Auger. Besides distinct cosmic-ray induced gamma-ray signatures that should be observed with the Gamma ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), source and GZK neutrino detections and the arrival distribution of UHECR in direction and time can finally decide the sources of cosmic rays at the highest energies.
astro-ph
the discoveries of the gzk cutoff with the hires and auger observatories and the discovery by auger of clustering of 60 eev ultrahigh energy cosmic rays uhecrs towards nearby 75 mpc agns along the supergalactic plane establishes the astrophysical origin of the uhecrs the likely sources of the uhecrs are gammaray bursts and radioloud agns because 1 they are extragalactic 2 they are sufficiently powerful 3 acceleration to ultrahigh energies can be achieved in their relativistic ejecta 4 anomalous xray and gammaray features can be explained by nonthermal hadron acceleration in relativistic blast waves and 5 sources reside within the gzk radius two arguments for acceleration to uhe are presented and limits on uhecr ion acceleration are set uhecr ions are shown to be able to survive without photodisintegrating while passing through the agn scattered radiation field even if launched deep in the broad line region uhecr injection throughout cosmic time fits the measured energy spectrum of uhecrs at least for protons local uhecr proton and ion interaction and energyloss mean free paths are calculated using an empirical fit to the extragalactic background light ebl at ir and optical energies minimum intergalactic magnetic igm fields 1e11 g are derived from clustering assuming specific source origins eg cen a nearby agns or grbs for the supergzk crs seen with auger besides distinct cosmicray induced gammaray signatures that should be observed with the gamma ray large area space telescope glast source and gzk neutrino detections and the arrival distribution of uhecr in direction and time can finally decide the sources of cosmic rays at the highest energies
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711.2805
Exit Doorway Model for Nuclear Breakup of Weakly Bound Projectiles
We derive closed expressions for the nuclear breakup cross sections in the adiabatic limit using the Austern-Blair theory. These expressions are appropriate for the breakup of weakly bound nuclei. The concept of an exit doorway that mediates the coupling between the entrance channel and the breakup continuum is used. We prove the validity of the scaling law that dictates that the nuclear breakup cross section scales linearly with the radius of the target. We also compare our results for the nuclear breakup cross section of $^{11}$Be, $^8$B on several targets with recent CDCC calculation.
nucl-th
we derive closed expressions for the nuclear breakup cross sections in the adiabatic limit using the austernblair theory these expressions are appropriate for the breakup of weakly bound nuclei the concept of an exit doorway that mediates the coupling between the entrance channel and the breakup continuum is used we prove the validity of the scaling law that dictates that the nuclear breakup cross section scales linearly with the radius of the target we also compare our results for the nuclear breakup cross section of 11be 8b on several targets with recent cdcc calculation
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711.2806
Perturbative Treatment of Symmetry Breaking Within Random Matrix Theory
We discuss the applicability, within the Random Matrix Theory, of perturbative treatment of symmetry breaking to the experimental data on the flip symmetry breaking in quartz crystal. We found that the values of the parameter that measures this breaking are different for the spacing distribution as compared to those for the spectral rigidity. We consider both twofold and threefold symmetries. The latter was found to account better for the spectral rigidity than the former. Both cases, however, underestimate the experimental spectral rigidity at large L. This discrepancy can be resolved if an appropriate number of eigenfrequecies is considered to be missing in the sample. Our findings are relevant to isospin violation study in nuclei.
nucl-th quant-ph
we discuss the applicability within the random matrix theory of perturbative treatment of symmetry breaking to the experimental data on the flip symmetry breaking in quartz crystal we found that the values of the parameter that measures this breaking are different for the spacing distribution as compared to those for the spectral rigidity we consider both twofold and threefold symmetries the latter was found to account better for the spectral rigidity than the former both cases however underestimate the experimental spectral rigidity at large l this discrepancy can be resolved if an appropriate number of eigenfrequecies is considered to be missing in the sample our findings are relevant to isospin violation study in nuclei
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711.2807
Pricing Equity Default Swaps under an approximation to the CGMY L\'{e}% vy Model
The Wiener-Hopf factorization is obtained in closed form for a phase type approximation to the CGMY L\'{e}vy process. This allows, for the approximation, exact computation of first passage times to barrier levels via Laplace transform inversion. Calibration of the CGMY model to market option prices defines the risk neutral process for which we infer the first passage times of stock prices to 30% of the price level at contract initiation. These distributions are then used in pricing 50% recovery rate equity default swap (EDS) contracts and the resulting prices are compared with the prices of credit default swaps (CDS). An illustrative analysis is presented for these contracts on Ford and GM.
q-fin.PR math.PR
the wienerhopf factorization is obtained in closed form for a phase type approximation to the cgmy levy process this allows for the approximation exact computation of first passage times to barrier levels via laplace transform inversion calibration of the cgmy model to market option prices defines the risk neutral process for which we infer the first passage times of stock prices to 30 of the price level at contract initiation these distributions are then used in pricing 50 recovery rate equity default swap eds contracts and the resulting prices are compared with the prices of credit default swaps cds an illustrative analysis is presented for these contracts on ford and gm
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