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712.0579
Kinematics of a hot massive accretion disk candidate
Characterizing rotation, infall and accretion disks around high-mass protostars is an important topic in massive star formation research. With the Australia Telescope Compact Array and the Very Large Array we studied a massive disk candidate at high angular resolution in ammonia (NH3(4,4) & (5,5)) tracing the warm disk but not the envelope. The observations resolved at ~0.4'' resolution (corresponding to ~1400AU) a velocity gradient indicative of rotation perpendicular to the molecular outflow. Assuming a Keplerian accretion disk, the estimated protostar-disk mass would be high, similar to the protostellar mass. Furthermore, the position-velocity diagram exhibits additional deviation from a Keplerian rotation profile which may be caused by infalling gas and/or a self-gravitating disk. Moreover, a large fraction of the rotating gas is at temperatures >100K, markedly different to typical low-mass accretion disks. In addition, we resolve a central double-lobe cm continuum structure perpendicular to the rotation. We identify this with an ionized, optically thick jet.
astro-ph
characterizing rotation infall and accretion disks around highmass protostars is an important topic in massive star formation research with the australia telescope compact array and the very large array we studied a massive disk candidate at high angular resolution in ammonia nh344 55 tracing the warm disk but not the envelope the observations resolved at 04 resolution corresponding to 1400au a velocity gradient indicative of rotation perpendicular to the molecular outflow assuming a keplerian accretion disk the estimated protostardisk mass would be high similar to the protostellar mass furthermore the positionvelocity diagram exhibits additional deviation from a keplerian rotation profile which may be caused by infalling gas andor a selfgravitating disk moreover a large fraction of the rotating gas is at temperatures 100k markedly different to typical lowmass accretion disks in addition we resolve a central doublelobe cm continuum structure perpendicular to the rotation we identify this with an ionized optically thick jet
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712.058
Stochastic FitzHugh-Nagumo equations on networks with impulsive noise
We consider a system of nonlinear partial differential equations with stochastic dynamical boundary conditions that arises in models of neurophysiology for the diffusion of electrical potentials through a finite network of neurons. Motivated by the discussion in the biological literature, we impose a general diffusion equation on each edge through a generalized version of the FitzHugh-Nagumo model, while the noise acting on the boundary is described by a generalized stochastic Kirchhoff law on the nodes. In the abstract framework of matrix operators theory, we rewrite this stochastic boundary value problem as a stochastic evolution equation in infinite dimensions with a power-type nonlinearity, driven by an additive L\'evy noise. We prove global well-posedness in the mild sense for such stochastic partial differential equation by monotonicity methods.
math.AP math.PR
we consider a system of nonlinear partial differential equations with stochastic dynamical boundary conditions that arises in models of neurophysiology for the diffusion of electrical potentials through a finite network of neurons motivated by the discussion in the biological literature we impose a general diffusion equation on each edge through a generalized version of the fitzhughnagumo model while the noise acting on the boundary is described by a generalized stochastic kirchhoff law on the nodes in the abstract framework of matrix operators theory we rewrite this stochastic boundary value problem as a stochastic evolution equation in infinite dimensions with a powertype nonlinearity driven by an additive levy noise we prove global wellposedness in the mild sense for such stochastic partial differential equation by monotonicity methods
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712.0581
Gesture analysis for physics education researchers
Systematic observations of student gestures can not only fill in gaps in students' verbal expressions, but can also offer valuable information about student ideas, including their source, their novelty to the speaker, and their construction in real time. This paper provides a review of the research in gesture analysis that is most relevant to physics education researchers and illustrates gesture analysis for the purpose of better understanding student thinking about physics.
physics.ed-ph
systematic observations of student gestures can not only fill in gaps in students verbal expressions but can also offer valuable information about student ideas including their source their novelty to the speaker and their construction in real time this paper provides a review of the research in gesture analysis that is most relevant to physics education researchers and illustrates gesture analysis for the purpose of better understanding student thinking about physics
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712.0582
Evidence of enhanced star formation efficiency in luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies
We present new observations made with the IRAM 30m telescope of the J=1-0 and 3-2 lines of HCN and HCO^+ used to probe the dense molecular gas content in a sample of 17 local luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs). These observations have allowed us to derive an updated version of the power law describing the correlation between the FIR luminosity (L_FIR) and the HCN(1-0) luminosity (L'_HCN(1-0)) of local and high-redshift galaxies. We present the first clear observational evidence that the star formation efficiency of the dense gas (SFE_dense), measured as the L_FIR/L'_HCN(1-0) ratio, is significantly higher in LIRGs and ULIRGs than in normal galaxies, a result that has also been found recently in high-redshift galaxies. This may imply a statistically significant turn upward in the Kennicutt-Schmidt law derived for the dense gas at L_FIR >= 10^11 L_sun. We have used a one-phase Large Velocity Gradient (LVG) radiative transfer code to fit the three independent line ratios derived from our observations. The results of this analysis indicate that the [HCN]/[HCO^+] abundance ratios could be up to one order of magnitude higher than normal in a significant number of LIRGs and ULIRGs of our sample. An overabundance of HCN at high L_FIR implies that the reported trend in the L_FIR/L'_HCN ratio as a function of L_FIR would be underestimating a potentially more dramatic change of the SFE_dense. Results obtained with two-phase LVG models corroborate that the L'_HCN(1-0)-to-M_dense conversion factor must be lowered at high L_FIR. We discuss the implications of these findings for the use of HCN as a tracer of the dense molecular gas in local and high-redshift luminous infrared galaxies.
astro-ph
we present new observations made with the iram 30m telescope of the j10 and 32 lines of hcn and hco used to probe the dense molecular gas content in a sample of 17 local luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies lirgs and ulirgs these observations have allowed us to derive an updated version of the power law describing the correlation between the fir luminosity l_fir and the hcn10 luminosity l_hcn10 of local and highredshift galaxies we present the first clear observational evidence that the star formation efficiency of the dense gas sfe_dense measured as the l_firl_hcn10 ratio is significantly higher in lirgs and ulirgs than in normal galaxies a result that has also been found recently in highredshift galaxies this may imply a statistically significant turn upward in the kennicuttschmidt law derived for the dense gas at l_fir 1011 l_sun we have used a onephase large velocity gradient lvg radiative transfer code to fit the three independent line ratios derived from our observations the results of this analysis indicate that the hcnhco abundance ratios could be up to one order of magnitude higher than normal in a significant number of lirgs and ulirgs of our sample an overabundance of hcn at high l_fir implies that the reported trend in the l_firl_hcn ratio as a function of l_fir would be underestimating a potentially more dramatic change of the sfe_dense results obtained with twophase lvg models corroborate that the l_hcn10tom_dense conversion factor must be lowered at high l_fir we discuss the implications of these findings for the use of hcn as a tracer of the dense molecular gas in local and highredshift luminous infrared galaxies
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712.0583
Enhanced delay to Bifurcation
This article provides an example of fast-slow system such that most orbits remain as close as possible to the unstable manifold of the fast dynamics for an arbitrarily long time.
math.DS math.CA
this article provides an example of fastslow system such that most orbits remain as close as possible to the unstable manifold of the fast dynamics for an arbitrarily long time
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712.0584
Cardinal sequences of LCS spaces under GCH
We give full characterization of the sequences of regular cardinals that may arise as cardinal sequences of locally compact scattered spaces under GCH. The proofs are based on constructions of universal locally compact scattered spaces.
math.LO math.GN
we give full characterization of the sequences of regular cardinals that may arise as cardinal sequences of locally compact scattered spaces under gch the proofs are based on constructions of universal locally compact scattered spaces
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712.0585
Non group-theoretical semisimple Hopf algebras from group actions on fusion categories
Given an action of a finite group G on a fusion category C we give a criterion for the category of G-equivariant objects in C to be group-theoretical, i.e., to be categorically Morita equivalent to a category of group-graded vector spaces. We use this criterion to answer affirmatively the question about existence of non group-theoretical semisimple Hopf algebras asked by P. Etingof, V. Ostrik, and the author in math/0203060. Namely, we show that certain Z/2Z-equivariantizations of fusion categories constructed by D. Tambara and S. Yamagami are equivalent to representation categories of non group-theoretical semisimple Hopf algebras. We describe these Hopf algebras as extensions and show that they are upper and lower semisolvable.
math.QA
given an action of a finite group g on a fusion category c we give a criterion for the category of gequivariant objects in c to be grouptheoretical ie to be categorically morita equivalent to a category of groupgraded vector spaces we use this criterion to answer affirmatively the question about existence of non grouptheoretical semisimple hopf algebras asked by p etingof v ostrik and the author in math0203060 namely we show that certain z2zequivariantizations of fusion categories constructed by d tambara and s yamagami are equivalent to representation categories of non grouptheoretical semisimple hopf algebras we describe these hopf algebras as extensions and show that they are upper and lower semisolvable
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712.0586
Harmonic emission from cluster nanoplasmas subject to intense short laser pulses
Harmonic emission from cluster nanoplasmas subject to short intense infrared laser pulses is studied. In a previous publication [M. Kundu et al., Phys. Rev. A 76, 033201 (2007)] we reported particle-in-cell simulation results showing resonant enhancements of low-order harmonics when the Mie plasma frequency of the ionizing and expanding cluster resonates with the respective harmonic frequency. Simultaneously we found that high-order harmonics were barely present in the spectrum, even at high intensities. The current paper is focused on the analytical modeling of the process. We show that dynamical stochasticity owing to nonlinear resonance inhibits the emission of high order harmonics.
physics.plasm-ph physics.atm-clus
harmonic emission from cluster nanoplasmas subject to short intense infrared laser pulses is studied in a previous publication m kundu et al phys rev a 76 033201 2007 we reported particleincell simulation results showing resonant enhancements of loworder harmonics when the mie plasma frequency of the ionizing and expanding cluster resonates with the respective harmonic frequency simultaneously we found that highorder harmonics were barely present in the spectrum even at high intensities the current paper is focused on the analytical modeling of the process we show that dynamical stochasticity owing to nonlinear resonance inhibits the emission of high order harmonics
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712.0587
First excitations in two- and three-dimensional random-field Ising systems
We present results on the first excited states for the random-field Ising model. These are based on an exact algorithm, with which we study the excitation energies and the excitation sizes for two- and three-dimensional random-field Ising systems with a Gaussian distribution of the random fields. Our algorithm is based on an approach of Frontera and Vives which, in some cases, does not yield the true first excited states. Using the corrected algorithm, we find that the order-disorder phase transition for three dimensions is visible via crossings of the excitations-energy curves for different system sizes, while in two-dimensions these crossings converge to zero disorder. Furthermore, we obtain in three dimensions a fractal dimension of the excitations cluster of d_s=2.42(2). We also provide analytical droplet arguments to understand the behavior of the excitation energies for small and large disorder as well as close to the critical point.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech
we present results on the first excited states for the randomfield ising model these are based on an exact algorithm with which we study the excitation energies and the excitation sizes for two and threedimensional randomfield ising systems with a gaussian distribution of the random fields our algorithm is based on an approach of frontera and vives which in some cases does not yield the true first excited states using the corrected algorithm we find that the orderdisorder phase transition for three dimensions is visible via crossings of the excitationsenergy curves for different system sizes while in twodimensions these crossings converge to zero disorder furthermore we obtain in three dimensions a fractal dimension of the excitations cluster of d_s2422 we also provide analytical droplet arguments to understand the behavior of the excitation energies for small and large disorder as well as close to the critical point
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712.0588
SZ and CMB reconstruction using Generalized Morphological Component Analysis
In the last decade, the study of cosmic microwave background (CMB) data has become one of the most powerful tools to study and understand the Universe. More precisely, measuring the CMB power spectrum leads to the estimation of most cosmological parameters. Nevertheless, accessing such precious physical information requires extracting several different astrophysical components from the data. Recovering those astrophysical sources (CMB, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich clusters, galactic dust) thus amounts to a component separation problem which has already led to an intense activity in the field of CMB studies. In this paper, we introduce a new sparsity-based component separation method coined Generalized Morphological Component Analysis (GMCA). The GMCA approach is formulated in a Bayesian maximum a posteriori (MAP) framework. Numerical results show that this new source recovery technique performs well compared to state-of-the-art component separation methods already applied to CMB data.
astro-ph
in the last decade the study of cosmic microwave background cmb data has become one of the most powerful tools to study and understand the universe more precisely measuring the cmb power spectrum leads to the estimation of most cosmological parameters nevertheless accessing such precious physical information requires extracting several different astrophysical components from the data recovering those astrophysical sources cmb sunyaevzeldovich clusters galactic dust thus amounts to a component separation problem which has already led to an intense activity in the field of cmb studies in this paper we introduce a new sparsitybased component separation method coined generalized morphological component analysis gmca the gmca approach is formulated in a bayesian maximum a posteriori map framework numerical results show that this new source recovery technique performs well compared to stateoftheart component separation methods already applied to cmb data
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712.0589
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy on benzophenone: alpha relaxation, beta relaxation, and mode coupling theory
We have performed a detailed dielectric investigation of the relaxational dynamics of glass-forming benzophenone. Our measurements cover a broad frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 120 GHz and temperatures from far below the glass temperature well up into the region of the small-viscosity liquid. With respect to the alpha relaxation this material can be characterized as a typical molecular glass former with rather high fragility. A good agreement of the alpha relaxation behavior with the predictions of the mode coupling theory of the glass transition is stated. In addition, at temperatures below and in the vicinity of Tg we detect a well-pronounced beta relaxation of Johari-Goldstein type, which with increasing temperature develops into an excess wing. We compare our results to literature data from optical Kerr effect and depolarized light scattering experiments, where an excess-wing like feature was observed in the 1 - 100 GHz region. We address the question if the Cole-Cole peak, which was invoked to describe the optical Kerr effect data within the framework of the mode coupling theory, has any relation to the canonical beta relaxation detected by dielectric spectroscopy.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.soft
we have performed a detailed dielectric investigation of the relaxational dynamics of glassforming benzophenone our measurements cover a broad frequency range of 01 hz to 120 ghz and temperatures from far below the glass temperature well up into the region of the smallviscosity liquid with respect to the alpha relaxation this material can be characterized as a typical molecular glass former with rather high fragility a good agreement of the alpha relaxation behavior with the predictions of the mode coupling theory of the glass transition is stated in addition at temperatures below and in the vicinity of tg we detect a wellpronounced beta relaxation of joharigoldstein type which with increasing temperature develops into an excess wing we compare our results to literature data from optical kerr effect and depolarized light scattering experiments where an excesswing like feature was observed in the 1 100 ghz region we address the question if the colecole peak which was invoked to describe the optical kerr effect data within the framework of the mode coupling theory has any relation to the canonical beta relaxation detected by dielectric spectroscopy
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712.059
A limiting velocity for quarkonium propagation in a strongly coupled plasma via AdS/CFT
We study the dispersion relations of mesons in a particular hot strongly coupled supersymmetric gauge theory plasma. We find that at large momentum k the dispersion relations become omega = v_0 k + a + b/k + ..., where the limiting velocity v_0 is the same for mesons with any quantum numbers and depends only on the ratio of the temperature to the quark mass T/m_q. We compute a and b in terms of the meson quantum numbers and T/m_q. The limiting meson velocity v_0 becomes much smaller than the speed of light at temperatures below but close to T_diss, the temperature above which no meson bound states at rest in the plasma are found. From our result for v_0, we find that the temperature above which no meson bound states with velocity v exist is T_diss(v) \simeq (1-v^2)^(1/4) T_diss, up to few percent corrections.We thus confirm by direct calculation of meson dispersion relations a result inferred indirectly in previous work via analysis of the screening length between a static quark and antiquark in a moving plasma. Although we do not do our calculations in QCD, we argue that the qualitative features of the dispersion relation we compute, including in particular the relation between dissociation temperature and meson velocity, may apply to bottomonium and charmonium mesons propagating in the strongly coupled plasma of QCD. We discuss how our results can contribute to understanding quarkonium physics in heavy ion collisions.
hep-th hep-ph nucl-th
we study the dispersion relations of mesons in a particular hot strongly coupled supersymmetric gauge theory plasma we find that at large momentum k the dispersion relations become omega v_0 k a bk where the limiting velocity v_0 is the same for mesons with any quantum numbers and depends only on the ratio of the temperature to the quark mass tm_q we compute a and b in terms of the meson quantum numbers and tm_q the limiting meson velocity v_0 becomes much smaller than the speed of light at temperatures below but close to t_diss the temperature above which no meson bound states at rest in the plasma are found from our result for v_0 we find that the temperature above which no meson bound states with velocity v exist is t_dissv simeq 1v214 t_diss up to few percent correctionswe thus confirm by direct calculation of meson dispersion relations a result inferred indirectly in previous work via analysis of the screening length between a static quark and antiquark in a moving plasma although we do not do our calculations in qcd we argue that the qualitative features of the dispersion relation we compute including in particular the relation between dissociation temperature and meson velocity may apply to bottomonium and charmonium mesons propagating in the strongly coupled plasma of qcd we discuss how our results can contribute to understanding quarkonium physics in heavy ion collisions
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712.0591
Maximal small extensions of o-minimal structures
A proper elementary extension of a model is called small if it realizes no new types over any finite set in the base model. We answer a question of Marker, and show that it is possible to have an o-minimal structure with a maximal small extension. Our construction yields such a structure for any cardinality. We show that in some cases, notably when the base structure is countable, the maximal small extension has maximal possible cardinality.
math.LO
a proper elementary extension of a model is called small if it realizes no new types over any finite set in the base model we answer a question of marker and show that it is possible to have an ominimal structure with a maximal small extension our construction yields such a structure for any cardinality we show that in some cases notably when the base structure is countable the maximal small extension has maximal possible cardinality
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712.0592
The causal boundary of wave-type spacetimes
A complete and systematic approach to compute the causal boundary of wave-type spacetimes is carried out. The case of a 1-dimensional boundary is specially analyzed and its critical appearance in pp-wave type spacetimes is emphasized. In particular, the corresponding results obtained in the framework of the AdS/CFT correspondence for holography on the boundary, are reinterpreted and very widely generalized. Technically, a recent new definition of causal boundary is used and stressed. Moreover, a set of mathematical tools is introduced (analytical functional approach, Sturm-Liouville theory, Fermat-type arrival time, Busemann-type functions).
gr-qc hep-th math-ph math.MP
a complete and systematic approach to compute the causal boundary of wavetype spacetimes is carried out the case of a 1dimensional boundary is specially analyzed and its critical appearance in ppwave type spacetimes is emphasized in particular the corresponding results obtained in the framework of the adscft correspondence for holography on the boundary are reinterpreted and very widely generalized technically a recent new definition of causal boundary is used and stressed moreover a set of mathematical tools is introduced analytical functional approach sturmliouville theory fermattype arrival time busemanntype functions
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712.0593
Some families of increasing planar maps
Stack-triangulations appear as natural objects when one wants to define some increasing families of triangulations by successive additions of faces. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of rooted stack-triangulations with $2n$ faces under two different distributions. We show that the uniform distribution on this set of maps converges, for a topology of local convergence, to a distribution on the set of infinite maps. In the other hand, we show that rescaled by $n^{1/2}$, they converge for the Gromov-Hausdorff topology on metric spaces to the continuum random tree introduced by Aldous. Under a distribution induced by a natural random construction, the distance between random points rescaled by $(6/11)\log n$ converge to 1 in probability. We obtain similar asymptotic results for a family of increasing quadrangulations.
math.PR math.CO
stacktriangulations appear as natural objects when one wants to define some increasing families of triangulations by successive additions of faces we investigate the asymptotic behavior of rooted stacktriangulations with 2n faces under two different distributions we show that the uniform distribution on this set of maps converges for a topology of local convergence to a distribution on the set of infinite maps in the other hand we show that rescaled by n12 they converge for the gromovhausdorff topology on metric spaces to the continuum random tree introduced by aldous under a distribution induced by a natural random construction the distance between random points rescaled by 611log n converge to 1 in probability we obtain similar asymptotic results for a family of increasing quadrangulations
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712.0594
Real-time digital signal processor implementation of self-calibrating pulse-shape discriminator for high purity germanium
Pulse-shape analysis of the ionization signals from germanium gamma-ray spectrometers is a method for obtaining information that can characterize an event beyond just the total energy deposited in the crystal. However, as typically employed, this method is data-intensive requiring the digitization, transfer, and recording of electronic signals from the spectrometer. A hardware realization of a real-time digital signal processor for implementing a parametric pulse shape is presented. Specifically, a previously developed method for distinguishing between single-site and multi-site gamma-ray interactions is demonstrated in an on-line digital signal processor, compared with the original off-line pulse-shape analysis routine, and shown to have no significant difference. Reduction of the amount of the recorded information per event is shown to translate into higher duty-cycle data acquisition rates while retaining the benefits of additional event characterization from pulse-shape analysis.
nucl-ex
pulseshape analysis of the ionization signals from germanium gammaray spectrometers is a method for obtaining information that can characterize an event beyond just the total energy deposited in the crystal however as typically employed this method is dataintensive requiring the digitization transfer and recording of electronic signals from the spectrometer a hardware realization of a realtime digital signal processor for implementing a parametric pulse shape is presented specifically a previously developed method for distinguishing between singlesite and multisite gammaray interactions is demonstrated in an online digital signal processor compared with the original offline pulseshape analysis routine and shown to have no significant difference reduction of the amount of the recorded information per event is shown to translate into higher dutycycle data acquisition rates while retaining the benefits of additional event characterization from pulseshape analysis
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712.0595
HST NIR Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts II: An Atlas and Inventory of the Host Galaxies, Mergers and Companions
We present the second part of an H-band (1.6 microns) atlas of z<0.3 3CR radio galaxies, using the Hubble Space Telescope Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (HST NICMOS2). We present new imaging for 21 recently acquired sources, and host galaxy modeling for the full sample of 101 (including 11 archival) -- an 87% completion rate. Two different modeling techniques are applied, following those adopted by the galaxy morphology and the quasar host galaxy communities. Results are compared, and found to be in excellent agreement, although the former breaks down in the case of strongly nucleated sources. Companion sources are tabulated, and the presence of mergers, tidal features, dust disks and jets are catalogued. The tables form a catalogue for those interested in the structural and morphological dust-free host galaxy properties of the 3CR sample, and for comparison with morphological studies of quiescent galaxies and quasar host galaxies. Host galaxy masses are estimated, and found to typically lie at around 2*10^11 solar masses. In general, the population is found to be consistent with the local population of quiescent elliptical galaxies, but with a longer tail to low Sersic index, mainly consisting of low-redshift (z<0.1) and low-radio-power (FR I) sources. A few unusually disky FR II host galaxies are picked out for further discussion. Nearby external sources are identified in the majority of our images, many of which we argue are likely to be companion galaxies or merger remnants. The reduced NICMOS data are now publicly available from our website (http://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/3cr/)
astro-ph
we present the second part of an hband 16 microns atlas of z03 3cr radio galaxies using the hubble space telescope near infrared camera and multiobject spectrometer hst nicmos2 we present new imaging for 21 recently acquired sources and host galaxy modeling for the full sample of 101 including 11 archival an 87 completion rate two different modeling techniques are applied following those adopted by the galaxy morphology and the quasar host galaxy communities results are compared and found to be in excellent agreement although the former breaks down in the case of strongly nucleated sources companion sources are tabulated and the presence of mergers tidal features dust disks and jets are catalogued the tables form a catalogue for those interested in the structural and morphological dustfree host galaxy properties of the 3cr sample and for comparison with morphological studies of quiescent galaxies and quasar host galaxies host galaxy masses are estimated and found to typically lie at around 21011 solar masses in general the population is found to be consistent with the local population of quiescent elliptical galaxies but with a longer tail to low sersic index mainly consisting of lowredshift z01 and lowradiopower fr i sources a few unusually disky fr ii host galaxies are picked out for further discussion nearby external sources are identified in the majority of our images many of which we argue are likely to be companion galaxies or merger remnants the reduced nicmos data are now publicly available from our website httparchivestscieduprepds3cr
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712.0596
Irreducible Representations of Groupoid $C^*$-algebras
If $G$ is a second countable locally compact Hausdorff groupoid with Haar system, we show that every representation induced from an irreducible representation of a stability group is irreducible.
math.OA math.FA
if g is a second countable locally compact hausdorff groupoid with haar system we show that every representation induced from an irreducible representation of a stability group is irreducible
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712.0597
Theory of Anomalous Quantum Hall Effects in Graphene
Recent successes in manufacturing of atomically thin graphite samples (graphene) have stimulated intense experimental and theoretical activity. The key feature of graphene is the massless Dirac type of low-energy electron excitations. This gives rise to a number of unusual physical properties of this system distinguishing it from conventional two-dimensional metals. One of the most remarkable properties of graphene is the anomalous quantum Hall effect. It is extremely sensitive to the structure of the system; in particular, it clearly distinguishes single- and double-layer samples. In spite of the impressive experimental progress, the theory of quantum Hall effect in graphene has not been established. This theory is a subject of the present paper. We demonstrate that the Landau level structure by itself is not sufficient to determine the form of the quantum Hall effect. The Hall quantization is due to Anderson localization which, in graphene, is very peculiar and depends strongly on the character of disorder. It is only a special symmetry of disorder that may give rise to anomalous quantum Hall effects in graphene. We analyze the symmetries of disordered single- and double-layer graphene in magnetic field and identify the conditions for anomalous Hall quantization.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.dis-nn
recent successes in manufacturing of atomically thin graphite samples graphene have stimulated intense experimental and theoretical activity the key feature of graphene is the massless dirac type of lowenergy electron excitations this gives rise to a number of unusual physical properties of this system distinguishing it from conventional twodimensional metals one of the most remarkable properties of graphene is the anomalous quantum hall effect it is extremely sensitive to the structure of the system in particular it clearly distinguishes single and doublelayer samples in spite of the impressive experimental progress the theory of quantum hall effect in graphene has not been established this theory is a subject of the present paper we demonstrate that the landau level structure by itself is not sufficient to determine the form of the quantum hall effect the hall quantization is due to anderson localization which in graphene is very peculiar and depends strongly on the character of disorder it is only a special symmetry of disorder that may give rise to anomalous quantum hall effects in graphene we analyze the symmetries of disordered single and doublelayer graphene in magnetic field and identify the conditions for anomalous hall quantization
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712.0598
A combined search for the standard model Higgs boson at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV
We present new results of the search for WH to lepton neutrino b b production in ppbar collisions at a center of mass energy of sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV, based on a dataset with integrated luminosity of 0.44 fb-1. We combine these new results with previously published searches by the D0 collaboration, for WH and ZH production analyzed in the MET b b final state, for ZH (to l+l- b b) production, for WH (to WWW) production, and for H (to WW) direct production. No signal-like excess is observed either in the WH analysis or in the combination of all D0 Higgs boson analyses. We set 95% C.L. (expected) upper limits on to 1.9 (3.3) pb for Higgs boson masses between 105 and 145 GeV, to be compared to the theoretical prediction of 0.13 pb for a standard model (SM) Higgs boson with mass m_H=115 GeV. After combination with the other D0 Higgs boson searches, we obtain for m_H=115 GeV an observed (expected) limit 8.5 (12.1) times higher than the SM predicted Higgs boson production cross section. For m_H=160 GeV, the corresponding observed (expected) ratio is 10.2 (9.0).
hep-ex
we present new results of the search for wh to lepton neutrino b b production in ppbar collisions at a center of mass energy of sqrts196 tev based on a dataset with integrated luminosity of 044 fb1 we combine these new results with previously published searches by the d0 collaboration for wh and zh production analyzed in the met b b final state for zh to ll b b production for wh to www production and for h to ww direct production no signallike excess is observed either in the wh analysis or in the combination of all d0 higgs boson analyses we set 95 cl expected upper limits on to 19 33 pb for higgs boson masses between 105 and 145 gev to be compared to the theoretical prediction of 013 pb for a standard model sm higgs boson with mass m_h115 gev after combination with the other d0 higgs boson searches we obtain for m_h115 gev an observed expected limit 85 121 times higher than the sm predicted higgs boson production cross section for m_h160 gev the corresponding observed expected ratio is 102 90
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712.0599
Search for ZZ and Z\gamma^* production in p-barp collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV and limits on anomalous ZZZ and ZZ\gamma^* couplings
We present a study of four muon, four electron, and two muon two electron events using 1 fb^(-1) of data collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron p-barp Collider at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV. Requiring the lepton pair masses to be greater than 30 GeV, we observe one event, consistent with the expected background of 0.13 +- 0.03 events and with the predicted standard model ZZ and Z\gamma^* production of 1.71 +-0.15 events. We set an upper limit on the ZZ and Z\gamma^* cross section of 4.4 pb at the 95% C.L. We also derive limits on anomalous neutral trilinear ZZZ and ZZ\gamma^* gauge couplings. The one-parameter 95%$ C.L. coupling limits with a form factor scale Lambda = 1.2 TeV are -0.28 < f_(40)^Z < 0.28, -0.31 < f_(50)^Z < 0.29, -0.26 < f_(40)^\gamma < 0.26, and -0.30 < f_(5 0)^\gamma < 0.28.
hep-ex
we present a study of four muon four electron and two muon two electron events using 1 fb1 of data collected with the d0 detector at the fermilab tevatron pbarp collider at sqrts 196 tev requiring the lepton pair masses to be greater than 30 gev we observe one event consistent with the expected background of 013 003 events and with the predicted standard model zz and zgamma production of 171 015 events we set an upper limit on the zz and zgamma cross section of 44 pb at the 95 cl we also derive limits on anomalous neutral trilinear zzz and zzgamma gauge couplings the oneparameter 95 cl coupling limits with a form factor scale lambda 12 tev are 028 f_40z 028 031 f_50z 029 026 f_40gamma 026 and 030 f_5 0gamma 028
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712.06
Some remarks on Causality Theory and Variational Methods in Lorentzian manifolds
In this conference published in 1997 some problems on the geodesics of a Lorentzian manifold concerning causality and infinite-dimensional variational methods, are pointed out. Even though a big progress on many of these questions have been carried out since then, some computations in this paper may be useful and have not been published elsewhere. Among them, for example, the following one (Section 3). Consider a spacetime which can be written globally as a product $R x M$, such that the natural vector field associated to the coordinate $t$ in $R$ is timelike. When is this spacetime globally hyperbolic with Cauchy hypersurfaces the slices $t=$ constant?
gr-qc
in this conference published in 1997 some problems on the geodesics of a lorentzian manifold concerning causality and infinitedimensional variational methods are pointed out even though a big progress on many of these questions have been carried out since then some computations in this paper may be useful and have not been published elsewhere among them for example the following one section 3 consider a spacetime which can be written globally as a product r x m such that the natural vector field associated to the coordinate t in r is timelike when is this spacetime globally hyperbolic with cauchy hypersurfaces the slices t constant
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712.0601
One-loop effective brane action
The one-loop effective action for a $p$ brane embedded in a $D=p+2$ Minkowski spacetime in the static gauge is calculated. Rescaling the quantum fluctuation by $\sqrt{-g_0}$ evaluated on the background brane leads to the one-loop effective action expressed only in terms of infrared and ultraviolet divergent geometric scalars. After the infrared divergences are absorbed into the quantum fluctuation, there remains the finite number of ultraviolet divergences. This implies that the $D=p+2$ Poincar\'{e} symmetry and the $D=p+1$ general coordinate invariance are preserved in one-loop order.
hep-th
the oneloop effective action for a p brane embedded in a dp2 minkowski spacetime in the static gauge is calculated rescaling the quantum fluctuation by sqrtg_0 evaluated on the background brane leads to the oneloop effective action expressed only in terms of infrared and ultraviolet divergent geometric scalars after the infrared divergences are absorbed into the quantum fluctuation there remains the finite number of ultraviolet divergences this implies that the dp2 poincare symmetry and the dp1 general coordinate invariance are preserved in oneloop order
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712.0602
On the radial distribution of white dwarfs in the Galactic globular cluster Omega Cen
We present deep and accurate photometry (F435W, F625W, F658N) of the Galactic Globular Cluster Omega Cen collected with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We identified ~ 6,500 white dwarf (WD)candidates and compared their radial distribution with that of Main Sequence (MS) stars. We found a mild evidence that young WDs (0.1 < t < 0.6 Gyr) are less centrally concentrated when compared to MS stars in the magnitude range 25 < F435W < 26.5.
astro-ph
we present deep and accurate photometry f435w f625w f658n of the galactic globular cluster omega cen collected with the advanced camera for surveys acs on board the hubble space telescope hst we identified 6500 white dwarf wdcandidates and compared their radial distribution with that of main sequence ms stars we found a mild evidence that young wds 01 t 06 gyr are less centrally concentrated when compared to ms stars in the magnitude range 25 f435w 265
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712.0603
On the white dwarf cooling sequence of the globular cluster Omega Centauri
We present deep and precise photometry (F435, F625W, F658N) of Omega Cen collected with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We have identified ~ 6,500 white dwarf (WD) candidates, and the ratio of WD and Main Sequence (MS) star counts is found to be at least a factor of two larger than the ratio of CO-core WD cooling and MS lifetimes. This discrepancy is not explained by the possible occurrence of a He-enhanced stellar population, since the MS lifetime changes by only 15% when changing from a canonical (Y=0.25) to a He-enhanced composition (Y=0.42). The presence of some He-core WDs seems able to explain the observed star counts. The fraction of He WDs required ranges from 10% to 80% depending on their mean mass and it is at least five times larger than for field WDs. The comparison in the Color Magnitude Diagram between theory and observations also supports the presence of He WDs. Empirical evidence indicates that He WDs have been detected in stellar systems hosting a large sample of extreme horizontal branch stars, thus suggesting that a fraction of red giants might avoid the He-core flash.
astro-ph
we present deep and precise photometry f435 f625w f658n of omega cen collected with the advanced camera for surveys acs on board the hubble space telescope hst we have identified 6500 white dwarf wd candidates and the ratio of wd and main sequence ms star counts is found to be at least a factor of two larger than the ratio of cocore wd cooling and ms lifetimes this discrepancy is not explained by the possible occurrence of a heenhanced stellar population since the ms lifetime changes by only 15 when changing from a canonical y025 to a heenhanced composition y042 the presence of some hecore wds seems able to explain the observed star counts the fraction of he wds required ranges from 10 to 80 depending on their mean mass and it is at least five times larger than for field wds the comparison in the color magnitude diagram between theory and observations also supports the presence of he wds empirical evidence indicates that he wds have been detected in stellar systems hosting a large sample of extreme horizontal branch stars thus suggesting that a fraction of red giants might avoid the hecore flash
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712.0604
Observation of Exclusive Dijet Production at the Fermilab Tevatron p-pbar Collider
We present the first observation and cross section measurement of exclusive dijet production in pbar-p interactions, pbar + p --> pbar + dijet + p. Using a data sample of 310 pb-1 collected by the Run II Collider Detector at Fermilab at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV, exclusive cross sections for events with two jets of transverse energy ET >= 10 GeV have been measured as a function of minimum ET(jet). The exclusive signal is extracted from fits to data distributions based on Monte Carlo simulations of expected dijet signal and background shapes. The simulated background distribution shapes are checked in a study of a largely independent data sample of 200 pb-1 of b-tagged jet events, where exclusive dijet production is expected to be suppressed by the Jz=0 total angular momentum selection rule. Results obtained are compared with theoretical expectations, and implications for exclusive Higgs boson production at the pp Large Hadron Collider at sqrt{s}=14 TeV are discussed.
hep-ex
we present the first observation and cross section measurement of exclusive dijet production in pbarp interactions pbar p pbar dijet p using a data sample of 310 pb1 collected by the run ii collider detector at fermilab at sqrts196 tev exclusive cross sections for events with two jets of transverse energy et 10 gev have been measured as a function of minimum etjet the exclusive signal is extracted from fits to data distributions based on monte carlo simulations of expected dijet signal and background shapes the simulated background distribution shapes are checked in a study of a largely independent data sample of 200 pb1 of btagged jet events where exclusive dijet production is expected to be suppressed by the jz0 total angular momentum selection rule results obtained are compared with theoretical expectations and implications for exclusive higgs boson production at the pp large hadron collider at sqrts14 tev are discussed
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712.0605
Correct Definition of the Poynting Vector in Electrically and Magnetically Polarizable Medium Reveals that Negative Refraction is Impossible
I compute from first principles the local heating rate $q$ (the amount of electromagnetic energy converted to heat per unit time per unit volume) for electromagnetic waves propagating in magnetically and electrically polarizable media. I find that, in magnetic media, this rate has two separate contributions, $q^{(V)}$ and $q^{(S)}$, the first coming from the volume of the medium and the second from its surface. I argue that the second law of thermodynamics requires that the volume contribution be positive and that this requirement, in turn, prohibits negative refraction. This result holds for active or passive media and in the presence of anisotropy and spatial dispersion.
physics.optics
i compute from first principles the local heating rate q the amount of electromagnetic energy converted to heat per unit time per unit volume for electromagnetic waves propagating in magnetically and electrically polarizable media i find that in magnetic media this rate has two separate contributions qv and qs the first coming from the volume of the medium and the second from its surface i argue that the second law of thermodynamics requires that the volume contribution be positive and that this requirement in turn prohibits negative refraction this result holds for active or passive media and in the presence of anisotropy and spatial dispersion
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712.0606
Static Rouse Modes and Related Quantities: Corrections to Chain Ideality in Polymer Melts
Following the Flory ideality hypothesis intrachain and interchain excluded volume interactions are supposed to compensate each other in dense polymer systems. Multi-chain effects should thus be neglected and polymer conformations may be understood from simple phantom chain models. Here we provide evidence against this phantom chain, mean-field picture. We analyze numerically and theoretically the static correlation function of the Rouse modes. Our numerical results are obtained from computer simulations of two coarse-grained polymer models for which the strength of the monomer repulsion can be varied, from full excluded volume (`hard monomers') to no excluded volume (`phantom chains'). For nonvanishing excluded volume we find the simulated correlation function of the Rouse modes to deviate markedly from the predictions of phantom chain models. This demonstrates that there are nonnegligible correlations along the chains in a melt. These correlations can be taken into account by perturbation theory. Our simulation results are in good agreement with these new theoretical predictions.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
following the flory ideality hypothesis intrachain and interchain excluded volume interactions are supposed to compensate each other in dense polymer systems multichain effects should thus be neglected and polymer conformations may be understood from simple phantom chain models here we provide evidence against this phantom chain meanfield picture we analyze numerically and theoretically the static correlation function of the rouse modes our numerical results are obtained from computer simulations of two coarsegrained polymer models for which the strength of the monomer repulsion can be varied from full excluded volume hard monomers to no excluded volume phantom chains for nonvanishing excluded volume we find the simulated correlation function of the rouse modes to deviate markedly from the predictions of phantom chain models this demonstrates that there are nonnegligible correlations along the chains in a melt these correlations can be taken into account by perturbation theory our simulation results are in good agreement with these new theoretical predictions
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712.0607
Test of the Equivalence Principle Using a Rotating Torsion Balance
We used a continuously rotating torsion balance instrument to measure the acceleration difference of beryllium and titanium test bodies towards sources at a variety of distances. Our result Delta a=(0.6+/-3.1)x10^-15 m/s^2 improves limits on equivalence-principle violations with ranges from 1 m to infinity by an order of magnitude. The Eoetvoes parameter is eta=(0.3+/-1.8)x10^-13. By analyzing our data for accelerations towards the center of the Milky Way we find equal attractions of Be and Ti towards galactic dark matter, yielding eta=(-4 +/- 7)x10^-5. Space-fixed differential accelerations in any direction are limited to less than 8.8x10^-15 m/s^2 with 95% confidence.
gr-qc
we used a continuously rotating torsion balance instrument to measure the acceleration difference of beryllium and titanium test bodies towards sources at a variety of distances our result delta a0631x1015 ms2 improves limits on equivalenceprinciple violations with ranges from 1 m to infinity by an order of magnitude the eoetvoes parameter is eta0318x1013 by analyzing our data for accelerations towards the center of the milky way we find equal attractions of be and ti towards galactic dark matter yielding eta4 7x105 spacefixed differential accelerations in any direction are limited to less than 88x1015 ms2 with 95 confidence
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712.0608
Linear water waves with vorticity: rotational features and particle paths
Steady linear gravity waves of small amplitude travelling on a current of constant vorticity are found. For negative vorticity we show the appearance of internal waves and vortices, wherein the particle trajectories are not any more closed ellipses. For positive vorticity the situation resembles that of Stokes waves, but for large vorticity the trajectories are affected.
math-ph math.AP math.MP
steady linear gravity waves of small amplitude travelling on a current of constant vorticity are found for negative vorticity we show the appearance of internal waves and vortices wherein the particle trajectories are not any more closed ellipses for positive vorticity the situation resembles that of stokes waves but for large vorticity the trajectories are affected
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712.0609
Lattice Study of the Conformal Window in QCD-like Theories
Using lattice simulations, we study the extent of the conformal window for an $\text{SU}(3)$ gauge theory with $N_f$ Dirac fermions in the fundamental representation. We present evidence that the infrared behavior is conformal for $12 \leq N_f \leq 16$, governed by an infrared fixed point, while confinement and chiral symmetry breaking are present for $N_f \leq 8$.
hep-ph hep-lat
using lattice simulations we study the extent of the conformal window for an textsu3 gauge theory with n_f dirac fermions in the fundamental representation we present evidence that the infrared behavior is conformal for 12 leq n_f leq 16 governed by an infrared fixed point while confinement and chiral symmetry breaking are present for n_f leq 8
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712.061
X-Atlas: An Online Archive of Chandra's Stellar High Energy Transmission Gratings Observations
The high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy made possible by the 1999 deployment of the Chandra X-ray Observatory has revolutionized our understanding of stellar X-ray emission. Many puzzles remain, though, particularly regarding the mechanisms of X-ray emission from OB stars. Although numerous individual stars have been observed in high-resolution, realizing the full scientific potential of these observations will necessitate studying the high-resolution Chandra dataset as a whole. To facilitate the rapid comparison and characterization of stellar spectra, we have compiled a uniformly processed database of all stars observed with the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating (HETG). This database, known as X-Atlas, is accessible through a web interface with searching, data retrieval, and interactive plotting capabilities. For each target, X-Atlas also features predictions of the low-resolution ACIS spectra convolved from the HETG data for comparison with stellar sources in archival ACIS images. Preliminary analyses of the hardness ratios, quantiles, and spectral fits derived from the predicted ACIS spectra reveal systematic differences between the high-mass and low-mass stars in the atlas and offer evidence for at least two distinct classes of high-mass stars. A high degree of X-ray variability is also seen in both high and low-mass stars, including Capella, long thought to exhibit minimal variability. X-Atlas contains over 130 observations of approximately 25 high-mass stars and 40 low-mass stars and will be updated as additional stellar HETG observations become public. The atlas has recently expanded to non-stellar point sources, and Low Energy Transmission Grating (LETG) observations are currently being added as well.
astro-ph
the highresolution xray spectroscopy made possible by the 1999 deployment of the chandra xray observatory has revolutionized our understanding of stellar xray emission many puzzles remain though particularly regarding the mechanisms of xray emission from ob stars although numerous individual stars have been observed in highresolution realizing the full scientific potential of these observations will necessitate studying the highresolution chandra dataset as a whole to facilitate the rapid comparison and characterization of stellar spectra we have compiled a uniformly processed database of all stars observed with the chandra high energy transmission grating hetg this database known as xatlas is accessible through a web interface with searching data retrieval and interactive plotting capabilities for each target xatlas also features predictions of the lowresolution acis spectra convolved from the hetg data for comparison with stellar sources in archival acis images preliminary analyses of the hardness ratios quantiles and spectral fits derived from the predicted acis spectra reveal systematic differences between the highmass and lowmass stars in the atlas and offer evidence for at least two distinct classes of highmass stars a high degree of xray variability is also seen in both high and lowmass stars including capella long thought to exhibit minimal variability xatlas contains over 130 observations of approximately 25 highmass stars and 40 lowmass stars and will be updated as additional stellar hetg observations become public the atlas has recently expanded to nonstellar point sources and low energy transmission grating letg observations are currently being added as well
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712.0611
Fundamental Plasmid Strings and Black Rings
We construct excited states of fundamental strings that admit a semiclassical description as rotating circular loops of string. We identify them with the supergravity solutions for rotating dipole rings. The identification involves a precise match of the mass, radius and angular momentum of the two systems. Moreover, the degeneracy of the string state reproduces the parametric dependence of the entropy in the supergravity description. When the solutions possess two macroscopic angular momenta, they are better described as toroidal configurations (tubular loops) instead of loops of string. We argue that the decay of the string state can be interpreted as superradiant emission of quanta from the ergoregion of the rotating ring.
hep-th
we construct excited states of fundamental strings that admit a semiclassical description as rotating circular loops of string we identify them with the supergravity solutions for rotating dipole rings the identification involves a precise match of the mass radius and angular momentum of the two systems moreover the degeneracy of the string state reproduces the parametric dependence of the entropy in the supergravity description when the solutions possess two macroscopic angular momenta they are better described as toroidal configurations tubular loops instead of loops of string we argue that the decay of the string state can be interpreted as superradiant emission of quanta from the ergoregion of the rotating ring
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712.0612
An Accurate Distance to High-Velocity Cloud Complex C
We report an accurate distance of d = 10+/-2.5kpc to the high-velocity cloud Complex C. Using high signal-to-noise Keck/HIRES spectra of two horizontal-branch stars, we have detected CaII K absorption lines from the cloud. Significant non-detections toward a further 3 stars yield robust lower distance limits. The resulting HI mass of Complex C is 4.9^{+2.8}_{-2.2} x 10^6 Msun; a total mass of 8.2^{+4.6}_{-2.6} x 10^6 Msun is implied, after corrections for helium and ionization. At 10kpc, Complex C has physical dimensions 3x15 kpc, and if it is as thick as it is wide, then the average density is log<n> ~ -2.5. We estimate the contribution of Complex C to the mass influx may be as high as ~0.14 Msun/yr.
astro-ph
we report an accurate distance of d 1025kpc to the highvelocity cloud complex c using high signaltonoise keckhires spectra of two horizontalbranch stars we have detected caii k absorption lines from the cloud significant nondetections toward a further 3 stars yield robust lower distance limits the resulting hi mass of complex c is 4928_22 x 106 msun a total mass of 8246_26 x 106 msun is implied after corrections for helium and ionization at 10kpc complex c has physical dimensions 3x15 kpc and if it is as thick as it is wide then the average density is logn 25 we estimate the contribution of complex c to the mass influx may be as high as 014 msunyr
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712.0613
On fitting power laws to ecological data
Heavy-tailed or power-law distributions are becoming increasingly common in biological literature. A wide range of biological data has been fitted to distributions with heavy tails. Many of these studies use simple fitting methods to find the parameters in the distribution, which can give highly misleading results. The potential pitfalls that can occur when using these methods are pointed out, and a step-by-step guide to fitting power-law distributions and assessing their goodness-of-fit is offered.
q-bio.QM
heavytailed or powerlaw distributions are becoming increasingly common in biological literature a wide range of biological data has been fitted to distributions with heavy tails many of these studies use simple fitting methods to find the parameters in the distribution which can give highly misleading results the potential pitfalls that can occur when using these methods are pointed out and a stepbystep guide to fitting powerlaw distributions and assessing their goodnessoffit is offered
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712.0614
Oscillons and Domain Walls
Oscillons, extremely long-lived localized oscillations of a scalar field, are shown to be produced by evolving domain wall networks in quartic theory in two spatial dimensions. We study the oscillons in frequency space using the classical spectral function at zero momentum, and obtain approximate information of their velocity distribution. In order to gain some insight onto the dilute oscillon 'gas' produced by the domain walls, we prepare a denser gas by filling the simulation volume with oscillons boosted in random directions. We finish the study by revisiting collisions between oscillons and between an oscillon and a domain wall, showing that in the latter case they can pass straight through with minimal distortion.
hep-th hep-ph nlin.PS
oscillons extremely longlived localized oscillations of a scalar field are shown to be produced by evolving domain wall networks in quartic theory in two spatial dimensions we study the oscillons in frequency space using the classical spectral function at zero momentum and obtain approximate information of their velocity distribution in order to gain some insight onto the dilute oscillon gas produced by the domain walls we prepare a denser gas by filling the simulation volume with oscillons boosted in random directions we finish the study by revisiting collisions between oscillons and between an oscillon and a domain wall showing that in the latter case they can pass straight through with minimal distortion
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712.0615
Infinite-Dimensional Symmetries of Two-Dimensional Coset Models Coupled to Gravity
In an earlier paper we studied the infinite-dimensional symmetries of symmetric-space sigma models (SSMs) in a flat two-dimensional spacetime. Here, we extend our investigation to the case of two-dimensional SSMs coupled to gravity. These theories arise from the toroidal reduction of higher-dimensional gravity and supergravities to two dimensions. We construct explicit expressions for the symmetry transformations under the affine Kac-Moody extension $\hat G$ that arises when starting from a G/H coset model. We also construct further explicit symmetry transformations that correspond to the modes L_n of a Virasoro subalgebra with $n\ge -1$.
hep-th
in an earlier paper we studied the infinitedimensional symmetries of symmetricspace sigma models ssms in a flat twodimensional spacetime here we extend our investigation to the case of twodimensional ssms coupled to gravity these theories arise from the toroidal reduction of higherdimensional gravity and supergravities to two dimensions we construct explicit expressions for the symmetry transformations under the affine kacmoody extension hat g that arises when starting from a gh coset model we also construct further explicit symmetry transformations that correspond to the modes l_n of a virasoro subalgebra with nge 1
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712.0616
Upper Bounds for the Number of Hamiltonian Cycles
An upper bound for the number of Hamiltonian cycles of symmetric diagraphs is established first in this paper, which is tighter than the famous Minc's bound and the Br$\acute{e}$gman's bound. A transformation on graphs is proposed, so that counting the number of Hamiltonian cycles of an undirected graph can be done by counting the number of Hamiltonian cycles of its corresponding symmetric directed graph. In this way, an upper bound for the number of Hamiltonian cycles of undirected graphs is also obtained.
cs.DM
an upper bound for the number of hamiltonian cycles of symmetric diagraphs is established first in this paper which is tighter than the famous mincs bound and the bracuteegmans bound a transformation on graphs is proposed so that counting the number of hamiltonian cycles of an undirected graph can be done by counting the number of hamiltonian cycles of its corresponding symmetric directed graph in this way an upper bound for the number of hamiltonian cycles of undirected graphs is also obtained
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712.0617
A folk model structure on omega-cat
We establish a model structure on the category of strict omega-categories. The constructions leading to the model structure in question are expressed entirely within the scope of omega-categories, building on a set of generating cofibrations and a class of weak equivalences as basic items. All object are fibrant while cofibrant objects are exactly the free ones. Our model structure transfers to n-categories along right-adjoints, for each n, thus recovering the known cases n = 1 and n = 2.
math.CT
we establish a model structure on the category of strict omegacategories the constructions leading to the model structure in question are expressed entirely within the scope of omegacategories building on a set of generating cofibrations and a class of weak equivalences as basic items all object are fibrant while cofibrant objects are exactly the free ones our model structure transfers to ncategories along rightadjoints for each n thus recovering the known cases n 1 and n 2
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712.0618
Precision of Hubble constant derived using black hole binary absolute distances and statistical redshift information
Measured gravitational waveforms from black hole binary inspiral events directly determine absolute luminosity distances. To use these data for cosmology, it is necessary to independently obtain redshifts for the events, which may be difficult for those without electromagnetic counterparts. Here it is demonstrated that certainly in principle, and possibly in practice, clustering of galaxies allows extraction of the redshift information from a sample statistically for the purpose of estimating mean cosmological parameters, without identification of host galaxies for individual events. We extract mock galaxy samples from the 6th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey resembling those that would be associated with inspiral events of stellar mass black holes falling into massive black holes at redshift z ~ 0.1 to 0.5. A simple statistical procedure is described to estimate a likelihood function for the Hubble constant H_0: each galaxy in a LISA error volume contributes linearly to the log likelihood for the source redshift, and the log likelihood for each source contributes linearly to that of H_0. This procedure is shown to provide an accurate and unbiased estimator of H_0. It is estimated that a precision better than one percent in H_0 may be possible if the rate of such events is sufficiently high, on the order of 20 to z = 0.5.
astro-ph
measured gravitational waveforms from black hole binary inspiral events directly determine absolute luminosity distances to use these data for cosmology it is necessary to independently obtain redshifts for the events which may be difficult for those without electromagnetic counterparts here it is demonstrated that certainly in principle and possibly in practice clustering of galaxies allows extraction of the redshift information from a sample statistically for the purpose of estimating mean cosmological parameters without identification of host galaxies for individual events we extract mock galaxy samples from the 6th data release of the sloan digital sky survey resembling those that would be associated with inspiral events of stellar mass black holes falling into massive black holes at redshift z 01 to 05 a simple statistical procedure is described to estimate a likelihood function for the hubble constant h_0 each galaxy in a lisa error volume contributes linearly to the log likelihood for the source redshift and the log likelihood for each source contributes linearly to that of h_0 this procedure is shown to provide an accurate and unbiased estimator of h_0 it is estimated that a precision better than one percent in h_0 may be possible if the rate of such events is sufficiently high on the order of 20 to z 05
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712.0619
Stable SUSY Breaking Model with O(10) eV Gravitino from Combined D-term Gauge Mediation and U(1)' Mediation
We show a calculable example of stable supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking models with O(10) eV gravitino mass based on the combination of D-term gauge mediation and U(1)' mediation. A potential problem of the negative mass squared for the SUSY standard model (SSM) sfermions in the D-term gauge mediation is solved by the contribution from the U(1)' mediation. On the other hand, the splitting between the SSM gauginos and sfermions in the U(1)' mediation is circumvented by the contributions from the D-term gauge mediation. Since the U(1)' mediation does not introduce any new SUSY vacua, we achieve a completely stable model under thermal effects. Our model, therefore, has no cosmological difficulty.
hep-ph hep-th
we show a calculable example of stable supersymmetry susy breaking models with o10 ev gravitino mass based on the combination of dterm gauge mediation and u1 mediation a potential problem of the negative mass squared for the susy standard model ssm sfermions in the dterm gauge mediation is solved by the contribution from the u1 mediation on the other hand the splitting between the ssm gauginos and sfermions in the u1 mediation is circumvented by the contributions from the dterm gauge mediation since the u1 mediation does not introduce any new susy vacua we achieve a completely stable model under thermal effects our model therefore has no cosmological difficulty
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712.062
Progress in methods to solve the Faddeev and Yakubovsky differential equations
We shortly recall the derivation of the Faddeev-Yakubovsky differential equations and point out their main advantages. Then we give a review of the numerical approaches used to solve the bound-state and scattering problems for the three- and four-body systems based on these equations. A particular attention is payed to the latest developments.
quant-ph math-ph math.MP nucl-th
we shortly recall the derivation of the faddeevyakubovsky differential equations and point out their main advantages then we give a review of the numerical approaches used to solve the boundstate and scattering problems for the three and fourbody systems based on these equations a particular attention is payed to the latest developments
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712.0621
Analytic properties of different unitarization schemes
The analytic properties of the eikonal and U-matrix unitarization schemes are examined. It is shown that the basic properties of these schemes are identical. Both can fill the full circle of unitarity, and both can lead to standard and non-standard asymptotic relations for the ratio of the elastic cross section to the total cross section. The relation between the phases of the unitarized amplitudes in each scheme is examined, and it is shown that demanding equivalence of the two schemes leads to a bound on the phase in the U-matrix scheme.
hep-ph
the analytic properties of the eikonal and umatrix unitarization schemes are examined it is shown that the basic properties of these schemes are identical both can fill the full circle of unitarity and both can lead to standard and nonstandard asymptotic relations for the ratio of the elastic cross section to the total cross section the relation between the phases of the unitarized amplitudes in each scheme is examined and it is shown that demanding equivalence of the two schemes leads to a bound on the phase in the umatrix scheme
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712.0622
Filtrations
In this article, we define the notion of a filtration and then give the basic theorems on initial and progressive enlargements of filtrations.
math.PR
in this article we define the notion of a filtration and then give the basic theorems on initial and progressive enlargements of filtrations
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712.0623
Statistics of orbital entanglement production in quantum-chaotic dots
The production of orbitally entangled electrons in quantum-chaotic dots is investigated from a statistical point of view. The degree of entanglement is quantified through the concurrence and the entanglement of formation. We calculate the complete statistical distributions of the entanglement measures by using random matrix theory. Simple analytical expressions are provided for the concurrence distributions. We identify clear signatures of time-reversal invariance in the production of entanglement at the level of the entanglement-measure distributions, such as the ability of producing maximally entangled (Bell) states, which passed unnoticed in previous works where only the first two moments of the distributions were studied.
cond-mat.mes-hall quant-ph
the production of orbitally entangled electrons in quantumchaotic dots is investigated from a statistical point of view the degree of entanglement is quantified through the concurrence and the entanglement of formation we calculate the complete statistical distributions of the entanglement measures by using random matrix theory simple analytical expressions are provided for the concurrence distributions we identify clear signatures of timereversal invariance in the production of entanglement at the level of the entanglementmeasure distributions such as the ability of producing maximally entangled bell states which passed unnoticed in previous works where only the first two moments of the distributions were studied
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712.0624
Theory of electronic transport through a triple quantum dot in the presence of magnetic field
Theory of electronic transport through a triangular triple quantum dot subject to a perpendicular magnetic field is developed using a tight binding model. We show that magnetic field allows to engineer degeneracies in the triple quantum dot energy spectrum. The degeneracies lead to zero electronic transmission and sharp dips in the current whenever a pair of degenerate states lies between the chemical potential of the two leads. These dips can occur with a periodicity of one flux quantum if only two levels contribute to the current or with half flux quantum if the three levels of the triple dot contribute. The effect of strong bias voltage and different lead-to-dot connections on Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in the conductance is also discussed.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mes-hall
theory of electronic transport through a triangular triple quantum dot subject to a perpendicular magnetic field is developed using a tight binding model we show that magnetic field allows to engineer degeneracies in the triple quantum dot energy spectrum the degeneracies lead to zero electronic transmission and sharp dips in the current whenever a pair of degenerate states lies between the chemical potential of the two leads these dips can occur with a periodicity of one flux quantum if only two levels contribute to the current or with half flux quantum if the three levels of the triple dot contribute the effect of strong bias voltage and different leadtodot connections on aharonovbohm oscillations in the conductance is also discussed
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712.0625
Mixing Times in Quantum Walks on the Hypercube
The mixing time of a discrete-time quantum walk on the hypercube is considered. The mean probability distribution of a Markov chain on a hypercube is known to mix to a uniform distribution in time O(n log n). We show that the mean probability distribution of a discrete-time quantum walk on a hypercube mixes to a (generally non-uniform) distribution pi(x) in time O(n) and the stationary distribution is determined by the initial state of the walk. An explicit expression for pi(x) is derived for the particular case of a symmetric walk. These results are consistent with those obtained previously for a continuous-time quantum walk. The effect of decoherence due to randomly breaking links between connected sites in the hypercube is also considered. We find that the probability distribution mixes to the uniform distribution as expected. However, the mixing time has a minimum at a critical decoherence rate $p \approx 0.1$. A similar effect was previously reported for the QW on the N-cycle with decoherence from repeated measurements of position. A controlled amount of decoherence helps to obtain--and preserve--a uniform distribution over the $2^n$ sites of the hypercube in the shortest possible time.
quant-ph
the mixing time of a discretetime quantum walk on the hypercube is considered the mean probability distribution of a markov chain on a hypercube is known to mix to a uniform distribution in time on log n we show that the mean probability distribution of a discretetime quantum walk on a hypercube mixes to a generally nonuniform distribution pix in time on and the stationary distribution is determined by the initial state of the walk an explicit expression for pix is derived for the particular case of a symmetric walk these results are consistent with those obtained previously for a continuoustime quantum walk the effect of decoherence due to randomly breaking links between connected sites in the hypercube is also considered we find that the probability distribution mixes to the uniform distribution as expected however the mixing time has a minimum at a critical decoherence rate p approx 01 a similar effect was previously reported for the qw on the ncycle with decoherence from repeated measurements of position a controlled amount of decoherence helps to obtainand preservea uniform distribution over the 2n sites of the hypercube in the shortest possible time
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712.0626
A Class of Soliton Solutions for the N=2 Super mKdV/Sinh-Gordon Hierarchy
Employing the Hirota's method, a class of soliton solutions for the N=2 super mKdV equations is proposed in terms of a single Grassmann parameter. Such solutions are shown to satisfy two copies of N=1 supersymmetric mKdV equations connected by nontrivial algebraic identities. Using the super Miura transformation, we obtain solutions of the N=2 super KdV equations. These are shown to generalize solutions derived previously. By using the mKdV/sinh-Gordon hierarchy properties we generate the solutions of the N=2 super sinh-Gordon as well.
nlin.SI hep-th math-ph math.MP
employing the hirotas method a class of soliton solutions for the n2 super mkdv equations is proposed in terms of a single grassmann parameter such solutions are shown to satisfy two copies of n1 supersymmetric mkdv equations connected by nontrivial algebraic identities using the super miura transformation we obtain solutions of the n2 super kdv equations these are shown to generalize solutions derived previously by using the mkdvsinhgordon hierarchy properties we generate the solutions of the n2 super sinhgordon as well
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712.0627
Linear b-Gauges for Open String Fields
Motivated by Schnabl's gauge choice, we explore open string perturbation theory in gauges where a linear combination of antighost oscillators annihilates the string field. We find that in these linear b-gauges different gauge conditions are needed at different ghost numbers. We derive the full propagator and prove the formal properties which guarantee that the Feynman diagrams reproduce the correct on-shell amplitudes. We find that these properties can fail due to the need to regularize the propagator, and identify a large class of linear b-gauges for which they hold rigorously. In these gauges the propagator has a non-anomalous Schwinger representation and builds Riemann surfaces by adding strip-like domains. Projector-based gauges, like Schnabl's, are not in this class of gauges but we construct a family of regular linear b-gauges which interpolate between Siegel gauge and Schnabl gauge.
hep-th
motivated by schnabls gauge choice we explore open string perturbation theory in gauges where a linear combination of antighost oscillators annihilates the string field we find that in these linear bgauges different gauge conditions are needed at different ghost numbers we derive the full propagator and prove the formal properties which guarantee that the feynman diagrams reproduce the correct onshell amplitudes we find that these properties can fail due to the need to regularize the propagator and identify a large class of linear bgauges for which they hold rigorously in these gauges the propagator has a nonanomalous schwinger representation and builds riemann surfaces by adding striplike domains projectorbased gauges like schnabls are not in this class of gauges but we construct a family of regular linear bgauges which interpolate between siegel gauge and schnabl gauge
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712.0628
The Genus Two Partition Function for Free Bosonic and Lattice Vertex Operator Algebras
We define the $n$-point function for a vertex operator algebra on a genus two Riemann surface in two separate sewing schemes where either two tori are sewn together or a handle is sewn to one torus. We explicitly obtain closed formulas for the genus two partition function for the Heisenberg free bosonic string and lattice vertex operator algebras in both sewing schemes. We prove that the partition functions are holomorphic in the sewing parameters on given suitable domains and describe their modular properties. Finally, we show that the partition functions cannot be equal in the neighborhood of a two-tori degeneration point where they can be explicitly compared.
math.QA hep-th math.NT
we define the npoint function for a vertex operator algebra on a genus two riemann surface in two separate sewing schemes where either two tori are sewn together or a handle is sewn to one torus we explicitly obtain closed formulas for the genus two partition function for the heisenberg free bosonic string and lattice vertex operator algebras in both sewing schemes we prove that the partition functions are holomorphic in the sewing parameters on given suitable domains and describe their modular properties finally we show that the partition functions cannot be equal in the neighborhood of a twotori degeneration point where they can be explicitly compared
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712.0629
Modular unit and cuspidal divisor class groups of X_1(N)
In this article, we consider the group $F_1^\infty(N)$ of modular units on $X_1(N)$ that have divisors supported on the cusps lying over $\infty$ of $X_0(N)$, called the $\infty$-cusps. For each positive integer $N$, we will give an explicit basis for the group $F_1^\infty(N)$. This enables us to compute the group structure of the rational torsion subgroup $C_1^\infty(N)$ of the Jacobian $J_1(N)$ of $X_1(N)$ generated by the differences of the $\infty$-cusps. In addition, based on our numerical computation, we make a conjecture on the structure of the $p$-primary part of $C_1^\infty(p^n)$ for a regular prime $p$.
math.NT math.AG
in this article we consider the group f_1inftyn of modular units on x_1n that have divisors supported on the cusps lying over infty of x_0n called the inftycusps for each positive integer n we will give an explicit basis for the group f_1inftyn this enables us to compute the group structure of the rational torsion subgroup c_1inftyn of the jacobian j_1n of x_1n generated by the differences of the inftycusps in addition based on our numerical computation we make a conjecture on the structure of the pprimary part of c_1inftypn for a regular prime p
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712.063
On The Leptons Masses
In this paper we present a connection between the results obtained from a semiclassical study of a relativistic, two-body system, and the leptons masses. Some possible consequences are also discussed.
nucl-th
in this paper we present a connection between the results obtained from a semiclassical study of a relativistic twobody system and the leptons masses some possible consequences are also discussed
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712.0631
Overpartitions and class numbers of binary quadratic forms
We show that the Zagier-Eisenstein series shares its non-holomorphic part with certain weak Maass forms whose holomorphic parts are generating functions for overpartition rank differences. This has a number of consequences, including exact formulas, asymptotics, and congruences for the rank differences as well as $q$-series identities of the mock theta type.
math.NT math.CO
we show that the zagiereisenstein series shares its nonholomorphic part with certain weak maass forms whose holomorphic parts are generating functions for overpartition rank differences this has a number of consequences including exact formulas asymptotics and congruences for the rank differences as well as qseries identities of the mock theta type
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712.0632
Topologically unique maximal elementary Abelian group actions on compact oriented surfaces
We determine all finite maximal elementary abelian group actions on compact oriented surfaces of genus $\sigma\geq 2$ which are unique up to topological equivalence. For certain special classes of such actions, we determine group extensions which also define unique actions. In addition, we explore in detail one of the families of such surfaces considered as compact Riemann surfaces and tackle the classical problem of constructing defining equations.
math.AT math.AG
we determine all finite maximal elementary abelian group actions on compact oriented surfaces of genus sigmageq 2 which are unique up to topological equivalence for certain special classes of such actions we determine group extensions which also define unique actions in addition we explore in detail one of the families of such surfaces considered as compact riemann surfaces and tackle the classical problem of constructing defining equations
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712.0633
Hadron Properties and Dyson-Schwinger Equations
An overview of the theory and phenomenology of hadrons and QCD is provided from a Dyson-Schwinger equation viewpoint. Following a discussion of the definition and realisation of light-quark confinement, the nonperturbative nature of the running mass in QCD and inferences from the gap equation relating to the radius of convergence for expansions of observables in the current-quark mass are described. Some exact results for pseudoscalar mesons are also highlighted, with details relating to the U_A(1) problem, and calculated masses of the lightest J=0,1 states are discussed. Studies of nucleon properties are recapitulated upon and illustrated: through a comparison of the ln-weighted ratios of Pauli and Dirac form factors for the neutron and proton; and a perspective on the contribution of quark orbital angular momentum to the spin of a nucleon at rest. Comments on prospects for the future of the study of quarks in hadrons and nuclei round out the contribution.
nucl-th hep-lat hep-ph nucl-ex
an overview of the theory and phenomenology of hadrons and qcd is provided from a dysonschwinger equation viewpoint following a discussion of the definition and realisation of lightquark confinement the nonperturbative nature of the running mass in qcd and inferences from the gap equation relating to the radius of convergence for expansions of observables in the currentquark mass are described some exact results for pseudoscalar mesons are also highlighted with details relating to the u_a1 problem and calculated masses of the lightest j01 states are discussed studies of nucleon properties are recapitulated upon and illustrated through a comparison of the lnweighted ratios of pauli and dirac form factors for the neutron and proton and a perspective on the contribution of quark orbital angular momentum to the spin of a nucleon at rest comments on prospects for the future of the study of quarks in hadrons and nuclei round out the contribution
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712.0634
High-precision covariant one-boson-exchange potentials for np scattering below 350 MeV
Using the Covariant Spectator Theory (CST), we have found One-Boson-Exchange (OBE) potentials that fit the 2006 world np data below 350 MeV with a \chi^2/N_data very close to 1, for a total of 3788 data. Our potentials have significantly fewer adjustable parameters than previous high-precision potentials, and they also reproduce the experimental triton binding energy without introducing additional irreducible three-nucleon forces.
nucl-th
using the covariant spectator theory cst we have found onebosonexchange obe potentials that fit the 2006 world np data below 350 mev with a chi2n_data very close to 1 for a total of 3788 data our potentials have significantly fewer adjustable parameters than previous highprecision potentials and they also reproduce the experimental triton binding energy without introducing additional irreducible threenucleon forces
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712.0635
Dilepton production and off-shell transport dynamics at SIS energies
Dilepton production in nucleus-nucleus collisions at 1-2 A GeV as well as in elementary pp and pd reactions is studied within the microscopic HSD transport approach which includes the off-shell dynamics of vector mesons explicitly. The study addresses additionally the production of $\pi^0$ and $\eta$ mesons since their Dalitz decays provide a sizeable contribution to the dilepton invariant mass spectra up to about 0.5 GeV. Our transport results agree with the TAPS experimental data on $\pi$ and $\eta$ multiplicities in C+C collisions from 0.8 to 2 A GeV. We find that the 'DLS-puzzle' - which addresses an underestimation of the $e^+e^-$ yield in the mass range from 0.2 to 0.5 GeV in C+C and Ca+Ca collisions - may be solved when incorporating a stronger bremsstrahlung contribution in line with recent OBE calculations. Moreover, the HSD results with 'enhanced' bremsstrahlung cross sections agree very well with the HADES experimental data for the dilepton mass spectra for C+C at 1 and 2 A GeV, especially when including a collisional broadening in the vector-meson spectral functions. Detailed predictions for dilepton spectra from pp and pn/pd reactions at 1.25 GeV, 2.2 GeV and 3.5 GeV are presented which will allow to verify/falsify the larger bremsstrahlung contributions from the experimental side in the near future.
nucl-th
dilepton production in nucleusnucleus collisions at 12 a gev as well as in elementary pp and pd reactions is studied within the microscopic hsd transport approach which includes the offshell dynamics of vector mesons explicitly the study addresses additionally the production of pi0 and eta mesons since their dalitz decays provide a sizeable contribution to the dilepton invariant mass spectra up to about 05 gev our transport results agree with the taps experimental data on pi and eta multiplicities in cc collisions from 08 to 2 a gev we find that the dlspuzzle which addresses an underestimation of the ee yield in the mass range from 02 to 05 gev in cc and caca collisions may be solved when incorporating a stronger bremsstrahlung contribution in line with recent obe calculations moreover the hsd results with enhanced bremsstrahlung cross sections agree very well with the hades experimental data for the dilepton mass spectra for cc at 1 and 2 a gev especially when including a collisional broadening in the vectormeson spectral functions detailed predictions for dilepton spectra from pp and pnpd reactions at 125 gev 22 gev and 35 gev are presented which will allow to verifyfalsify the larger bremsstrahlung contributions from the experimental side in the near future
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712.0636
Controlled Synchronization of One Class of Nonlinear Systems under Information Constraints
Output feedback controlled synchronization problems for a class of nonlinear unstable systems under information constraints imposed by limited capacity of the communication channel are analyzed. A binary time-varying coder-decoder scheme is described and a theoretical analysis for multi-dimensional master-slave systems represented in Lurie form (linear part plus nonlinearity depending only on measurable outputs) is provided. An output feedback control law is proposed based on the Passification Theorem. It is shown that the synchronization error exponentially tends to zero for sufficiantly high transmission rate (channel capacity). The results obtained for synchronization problem can be extended to tracking problems in a straightforward manner, if the reference signal is described by an {external} ({exogenious}) state space model. The results are applied to controlled synchronization of two chaotic Chua systems via a communication channel with limited capacity.
math.OC
output feedback controlled synchronization problems for a class of nonlinear unstable systems under information constraints imposed by limited capacity of the communication channel are analyzed a binary timevarying coderdecoder scheme is described and a theoretical analysis for multidimensional masterslave systems represented in lurie form linear part plus nonlinearity depending only on measurable outputs is provided an output feedback control law is proposed based on the passification theorem it is shown that the synchronization error exponentially tends to zero for sufficiantly high transmission rate channel capacity the results obtained for synchronization problem can be extended to tracking problems in a straightforward manner if the reference signal is described by an external exogenious state space model the results are applied to controlled synchronization of two chaotic chua systems via a communication channel with limited capacity
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712.0637
In Pursuit of LSST Science Requirements: A Comparison of Photometry Algorithms
We have developed an end-to-end photometric data processing pipeline to compare current photometric algorithms commonly used on ground-based imaging data. This testbed is exceedingly adaptable, and enables us to perform many research and development tasks, including image subtraction and co-addition, object detection and measurements, the production of photometric catalogs, and the creation and stocking of database tables with time-series information. This testing has been undertaken to evaluate existing photometry algorithms for consideration by a next-generation image processing pipeline for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). We outline the results of our tests for four packages: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey's (SDSS) Photo package, Daophot and Allframe, DoPhot, and two versions of Source Extractor (SExtractor). The ability of these algorithms to perform point-source photometry, astrometry, shape measurements, star-galaxy separation, and to measure objects at low signal-to-noise is quantified. We also perform a detailed crowded field comparison of Daophot and Allframe, and profile the speed and memory requirements in detail for SExtractor. We find that both Daophot and Photo are able to perform aperture photometry to high enough precision to meet LSST's science requirements, and less adequately at PSF-fitting photometry. Photo performs the best at simultaneous point and extended-source shape and brightness measurements. SExtractor is the fastest algorithm, and recent upgrades in the software yield high-quality centroid and shape measurements with little bias towards faint magnitudes. Allframe yields the best photometric results in crowded fields.
astro-ph
we have developed an endtoend photometric data processing pipeline to compare current photometric algorithms commonly used on groundbased imaging data this testbed is exceedingly adaptable and enables us to perform many research and development tasks including image subtraction and coaddition object detection and measurements the production of photometric catalogs and the creation and stocking of database tables with timeseries information this testing has been undertaken to evaluate existing photometry algorithms for consideration by a nextgeneration image processing pipeline for the large synoptic survey telescope lsst we outline the results of our tests for four packages the sloan digital sky surveys sdss photo package daophot and allframe dophot and two versions of source extractor sextractor the ability of these algorithms to perform pointsource photometry astrometry shape measurements stargalaxy separation and to measure objects at low signaltonoise is quantified we also perform a detailed crowded field comparison of daophot and allframe and profile the speed and memory requirements in detail for sextractor we find that both daophot and photo are able to perform aperture photometry to high enough precision to meet lssts science requirements and less adequately at psffitting photometry photo performs the best at simultaneous point and extendedsource shape and brightness measurements sextractor is the fastest algorithm and recent upgrades in the software yield highquality centroid and shape measurements with little bias towards faint magnitudes allframe yields the best photometric results in crowded fields
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712.0638
Quantum nanomagnets and nuclear spins: an overview
This mini-review presents a simple and accessible summary on the fascinating physics of quantum nanomagnets coupled to a nuclear spin bath. These chemically synthesized systems are an ideal test ground for the theories of decoherence in mesoscopic quantum degrees of freedom, when the coupling to the environment is local and not small. We shall focus here on the most striking quantum phenomenon that occurs in such nanomagnets, namely the tunneling of their giant spin through a high anisotropy barrier. It will be shown that perturbative treatments must be discarded, and replaced by a more sophisticated formalism where the dynamics of the nanomagnet and the nuclei that couple to it are treated together from the beginning. After a critical review of the theoretical predictions and their experimental verification, we continue with a set of experimental results that challenge our present understanding, and outline the importance of filling also this last gap in the theory.
cond-mat.mes-hall
this minireview presents a simple and accessible summary on the fascinating physics of quantum nanomagnets coupled to a nuclear spin bath these chemically synthesized systems are an ideal test ground for the theories of decoherence in mesoscopic quantum degrees of freedom when the coupling to the environment is local and not small we shall focus here on the most striking quantum phenomenon that occurs in such nanomagnets namely the tunneling of their giant spin through a high anisotropy barrier it will be shown that perturbative treatments must be discarded and replaced by a more sophisticated formalism where the dynamics of the nanomagnet and the nuclei that couple to it are treated together from the beginning after a critical review of the theoretical predictions and their experimental verification we continue with a set of experimental results that challenge our present understanding and outline the importance of filling also this last gap in the theory
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712.0639
BPS Explained II: Calculating the Equilibration Rate in the Extreme Quantum Limit
This is the second in a series of two lectures on the technique of dimensional continuation, a new method for analytically calculating certain energy transport quantities in a weakly to moderately coupled plasma. Recently, this method was employed by Brown, Preston, and Singleton (BPS) to calculate the electron-ion temperature equilibration rate and the charged particle stopping power to leading and next-to-leading order in the plasma coupling. In this lecture, I develop the framework further, and then explicitly calculate the electron-ion temperature equilibration rate in the high temperature limit. This method captures all short and long distance physics to second order in the plasma coupling. This analytic perturbative technique is applicable for ignition in inertial confinement fusion and for other processes in hot a weakly coupled plasma.
physics.plasm-ph
this is the second in a series of two lectures on the technique of dimensional continuation a new method for analytically calculating certain energy transport quantities in a weakly to moderately coupled plasma recently this method was employed by brown preston and singleton bps to calculate the electronion temperature equilibration rate and the charged particle stopping power to leading and nexttoleading order in the plasma coupling in this lecture i develop the framework further and then explicitly calculate the electronion temperature equilibration rate in the high temperature limit this method captures all short and long distance physics to second order in the plasma coupling this analytic perturbative technique is applicable for ignition in inertial confinement fusion and for other processes in hot a weakly coupled plasma
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712.064
Validity of the "sharp-kink approximation" for water and other fluids
The contact angle of a liquid droplet on a solid surface is a direct measure of fundamental atomic-scale forces acting between liquid molecules and the solid surface. In this work, the validity is assessed of a simple equation, which approximately relates the contact angle of a liquid on a surface to its density, its surface tension, and the effective molecule-surface potential. This equation is derived in the sharp-kink approximation, where the density profile of the liquid is assumed to drop precipitously within one molecular diameter of the substrate. It is found that this equation satisfactorily reproduces the temperature-dependence of the contact angle for helium on alkali metal surfaces. The equation also seems be applicable to liquids such as water on solid surfaces such as gold and graphite, based on a comparison of predicted and measured contact angles near room-temperature. Nevertheless, we conclude that, to fully test the equation's applicability to fluids such as water, it remains necessary to measure the contact angle's temperature-dependence. We hypothesize that the effects of electrostatic forces can increase with temperature, potentially driving the wetting temperature much higher and closer to the critical point, or lower, closer to room temperature, than predicted using current theories.
cond-mat.soft
the contact angle of a liquid droplet on a solid surface is a direct measure of fundamental atomicscale forces acting between liquid molecules and the solid surface in this work the validity is assessed of a simple equation which approximately relates the contact angle of a liquid on a surface to its density its surface tension and the effective moleculesurface potential this equation is derived in the sharpkink approximation where the density profile of the liquid is assumed to drop precipitously within one molecular diameter of the substrate it is found that this equation satisfactorily reproduces the temperaturedependence of the contact angle for helium on alkali metal surfaces the equation also seems be applicable to liquids such as water on solid surfaces such as gold and graphite based on a comparison of predicted and measured contact angles near roomtemperature nevertheless we conclude that to fully test the equations applicability to fluids such as water it remains necessary to measure the contact angles temperaturedependence we hypothesize that the effects of electrostatic forces can increase with temperature potentially driving the wetting temperature much higher and closer to the critical point or lower closer to room temperature than predicted using current theories
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712.0641
The Natural Philosophy of Kazuo Kondo
Kazuo Kondo (1911-2001) was Chair of the Department of Mathematical Engineering at the University of Tokyo, Japan. Over a period of 50 years, he and a few colleagues wrote and published a voluminous series of papers and monographs on the applications of analytical geometry within a diverse range of subjects in the natural sciences. Inspired by Otto Fischer's attempt at a quaternionic unified theory in the late 1950's he adopted the mathematics of the revered Akitsugu Kawaguchi to produce his own speculative unified theory. The theory appears to successfully apply Kawaguchi's mathematics to the full range of natural phenomena, from the structure of fundamental particles to the geometry of living beings. The theories are testable and falsifiable. Kondo and his theories are now almost completely unknown and this paper serves as the barest introduction to his work
math.HO
kazuo kondo 19112001 was chair of the department of mathematical engineering at the university of tokyo japan over a period of 50 years he and a few colleagues wrote and published a voluminous series of papers and monographs on the applications of analytical geometry within a diverse range of subjects in the natural sciences inspired by otto fischers attempt at a quaternionic unified theory in the late 1950s he adopted the mathematics of the revered akitsugu kawaguchi to produce his own speculative unified theory the theory appears to successfully apply kawaguchis mathematics to the full range of natural phenomena from the structure of fundamental particles to the geometry of living beings the theories are testable and falsifiable kondo and his theories are now almost completely unknown and this paper serves as the barest introduction to his work
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712.0642
Noncommutative corrections to classical black holes
We calculate leading long-distance noncommutative corrections to the classical Schwarzschild black hole which is sourced by a massive noncommutative scalar field. The energy-momentum tensor is taken up to ${\cal O}(\ell^4)$ in noncommutative parameter, and is treated in semiclassical (tree level) approximation. These noncommutative corrections can dominate classical post-post-Newtonian corrections providing $\ell > 1/M_P$, however, they are still too small to be observable in present-day experiments.
gr-qc hep-ph hep-th
we calculate leading longdistance noncommutative corrections to the classical schwarzschild black hole which is sourced by a massive noncommutative scalar field the energymomentum tensor is taken up to cal oell4 in noncommutative parameter and is treated in semiclassical tree level approximation these noncommutative corrections can dominate classical postpostnewtonian corrections providing ell 1m_p however they are still too small to be observable in presentday experiments
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712.0643
Free curves and periodic points for torus homeomorphisms
We study the relationship between free curves and periodic points for torus homeomorphisms in the homotopy class of the identity. By free curve we mean a homotopically nontrivial simple closed curve that is disjoint from its image. We prove that every rational point in the rotation set is realized by a periodic point provided that there is no free curve and the rotation set has empty interior. This gives a topological version of a theorem of Franks. Using this result, and inspired by a theorem of Guillou, we prove a version of the Poincar\'e-Birkhoff Theorem for torus homeomorphisms: in the absence of free curves, either there is a fixed point or the rotation set has nonempty interior.
math.DS
we study the relationship between free curves and periodic points for torus homeomorphisms in the homotopy class of the identity by free curve we mean a homotopically nontrivial simple closed curve that is disjoint from its image we prove that every rational point in the rotation set is realized by a periodic point provided that there is no free curve and the rotation set has empty interior this gives a topological version of a theorem of franks using this result and inspired by a theorem of guillou we prove a version of the poincarebirkhoff theorem for torus homeomorphisms in the absence of free curves either there is a fixed point or the rotation set has nonempty interior
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712.0644
Local moment, itinerancy and deviation from Fermi liquid behavior in Na$_x$CoO$_2$ for $0.71 \leq x \leq 0.84$
Here we report the observation of Fermi surface (FS) pockets via the Shubnikov de Haas effect in Na$_x$CoO$_2$ for $x = 0.71$ and 0.84, respectively. Our observations indicate that the FS expected for each compound intersects their corresponding Brillouin zones, as defined by the previously reported superlattice structures, leading to small reconstructed FS pockets, but only if a precise number of holes per unit cell is \emph{localized}. For $0.71 \leq x < 0.75$ the coexistence of itinerant carriers and localized $S =1/2$ spins on a paramagnetic triangular superlattice leads at low temperatures to the observation of a deviation from standard Fermi-liquid behavior in the electrical transport and heat capacity properties, suggesting the formation of some kind of quantum spin-liquid ground state.
cond-mat.str-el
here we report the observation of fermi surface fs pockets via the shubnikov de haas effect in na_xcoo_2 for x 071 and 084 respectively our observations indicate that the fs expected for each compound intersects their corresponding brillouin zones as defined by the previously reported superlattice structures leading to small reconstructed fs pockets but only if a precise number of holes per unit cell is emphlocalized for 071 leq x 075 the coexistence of itinerant carriers and localized s 12 spins on a paramagnetic triangular superlattice leads at low temperatures to the observation of a deviation from standard fermiliquid behavior in the electrical transport and heat capacity properties suggesting the formation of some kind of quantum spinliquid ground state
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712.0645
Quasinormal modes and phase Transition of black holes
We have studied the scalar field as well as the fermonic field perturbations in the background of the massless BTZ black holes. Comparing with the perturbation results in the generic nonrotating BTZ black hole background, we found that the massless BTZ hole contains only normal modes in the perturbations. We argued that this special property reflects that the massless BTZ black hole is a different phase from that of the generic nonrotating BTZ hole.
gr-qc
we have studied the scalar field as well as the fermonic field perturbations in the background of the massless btz black holes comparing with the perturbation results in the generic nonrotating btz black hole background we found that the massless btz hole contains only normal modes in the perturbations we argued that this special property reflects that the massless btz black hole is a different phase from that of the generic nonrotating btz hole
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712.0646
The instability of intersecting fuzzy spheres
We discuss the classical and quantum stability of general configurations representing many fuzzy spheres in dimensionally reduced Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons models with and without supersymmetry. By performing one-loop perturbative calculations around such configurations, we find that intersecting fuzzy spheres are classically unstable in the class of models studied in this paper. We also discuss the large-N limit of the one-loop effective action as a function of the distance of fuzzy spheres. This shows, in particular, that concentric fuzzy spheres with different radii, which are identified with the 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles, are perturbatively stable in the bosonic model and in the D=10 supersymmetric model.
hep-th
we discuss the classical and quantum stability of general configurations representing many fuzzy spheres in dimensionally reduced yangmillschernsimons models with and without supersymmetry by performing oneloop perturbative calculations around such configurations we find that intersecting fuzzy spheres are classically unstable in the class of models studied in this paper we also discuss the largen limit of the oneloop effective action as a function of the distance of fuzzy spheres this shows in particular that concentric fuzzy spheres with different radii which are identified with the t hooftpolyakov monopoles are perturbatively stable in the bosonic model and in the d10 supersymmetric model
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712.0647
Bridging the primordial A=8 divide with Catalyzed Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Catalysis of nuclear reactions by metastable charged particles X^- opens the possibility for primordial production of elements with A>7. We calculate the abundance of ^9Be, where synthesis is mediated by the formation of (^8Be X^-) bound states, finding a dramatic enhancement over the standard BBN prediction: ^9Be/^1H = 10^{-13}\times(Y_X/10^{-5}). Thus observations of ^9Be abundances at low metallicity offers a uniquely sensitive probe of many particle physics models that predict X^-, including variants of supersymmetric models. Comparing the catalytically-enhanced abundances of primordial ^6Li and ^9Be, we find the relation ^9Be/^6Li = (2-5)\times 10^{-3} that holds over a wide range of X^- abundances and lifetimes.
hep-ph astro-ph nucl-th
catalysis of nuclear reactions by metastable charged particles x opens the possibility for primordial production of elements with a7 we calculate the abundance of 9be where synthesis is mediated by the formation of 8be x bound states finding a dramatic enhancement over the standard bbn prediction 9be1h 1013timesy_x105 thus observations of 9be abundances at low metallicity offers a uniquely sensitive probe of many particle physics models that predict x including variants of supersymmetric models comparing the catalyticallyenhanced abundances of primordial 6li and 9be we find the relation 9be6li 25times 103 that holds over a wide range of x abundances and lifetimes
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712.0648
Central Limit Theorem for Branching Random Walks in Random Environment
We consider branching random walks in $d$-dimensional integer lattice with time-space i.i.d. offspring distributions. When $d \ge 3$ and the fluctuation of the environment is well moderated by the random walk, we prove a central limit theorem for the density of the population, together with upper bounds for the density of the most populated site and the replica overlap. We also discuss the phase transition of this model in connection with directed polymers in random environment.
math.PR math-ph math.MP
we consider branching random walks in ddimensional integer lattice with timespace iid offspring distributions when d ge 3 and the fluctuation of the environment is well moderated by the random walk we prove a central limit theorem for the density of the population together with upper bounds for the density of the most populated site and the replica overlap we also discuss the phase transition of this model in connection with directed polymers in random environment
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712.0649
Localization for Branching Random Walks in Random Environment
We consider branching random walks in $d$-dimensional integer lattice with time-space i.i.d. offspring distributions. This model is known to exhibit a phase transition: If $d \ge 3$ and the environment is "not too random", then, the total population grows as fast as its expectation with strictly positive probability. If,on the other hand, $d \le 2$, or the environment is ``random enough", then the total population grows strictly slower than its expectation almost surely. We show the equivalence between the slow population growth and a natural localization property in terms of "replica overlap". We also prove a certain stronger localization property, whenever the total population grows strictly slower than its expectation almost surely.
math.PR math-ph math.MP
we consider branching random walks in ddimensional integer lattice with timespace iid offspring distributions this model is known to exhibit a phase transition if d ge 3 and the environment is not too random then the total population grows as fast as its expectation with strictly positive probability ifon the other hand d le 2 or the environment is random enough then the total population grows strictly slower than its expectation almost surely we show the equivalence between the slow population growth and a natural localization property in terms of replica overlap we also prove a certain stronger localization property whenever the total population grows strictly slower than its expectation almost surely
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712.065
Extended symmetrical classical electrodynamics
In the present article, we discuss a modification of classical electrodynamics in which ``ordinary'' point charges are absent. The modified equations contain additional terms describing the induced charges and currents. The densities of the induced charges and currents depend on the vector k and the vectors of the electromagnetic field E and B. It is shown that the vectors E and B can be defined in terms of two 4-potentials and the components of k are the components of the 4-tensor of the third rank. The Lagrangian of modified electrodynamics is defined. The conditions are derived at which only one 4-potential determines the behavior of the electromagnetic field. It is also shown that static modified electrodynamics can describe the electromagnetic field in the inner region of the electric monopole. In the outer region of the electric monopole the electric field is governed by the Maxwell equations. It follows from boundary conditions at the interface between the inner and outer regions of the monopole that the vector k has a discrete spectrum. The electric and magnetic fields, energy and angular momentum of the monopole are found for different eigenvalues of k.
physics.class-ph
in the present article we discuss a modification of classical electrodynamics in which ordinary point charges are absent the modified equations contain additional terms describing the induced charges and currents the densities of the induced charges and currents depend on the vector k and the vectors of the electromagnetic field e and b it is shown that the vectors e and b can be defined in terms of two 4potentials and the components of k are the components of the 4tensor of the third rank the lagrangian of modified electrodynamics is defined the conditions are derived at which only one 4potential determines the behavior of the electromagnetic field it is also shown that static modified electrodynamics can describe the electromagnetic field in the inner region of the electric monopole in the outer region of the electric monopole the electric field is governed by the maxwell equations it follows from boundary conditions at the interface between the inner and outer regions of the monopole that the vector k has a discrete spectrum the electric and magnetic fields energy and angular momentum of the monopole are found for different eigenvalues of k
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712.0651
Note on the Lattice Fermion Chiral Symmetry Group
The group structure of the variant chiral symmetry discovered by Luscher in the Ginsparg-Wilson description of lattice chiral fermions is analyzed. It is shown that the group contains an infinite number of linearly independent symmetry generators, and the Lie algebra is given explicitly. CP is an automorphism of the chiral group, and the CP transformation properties of the symmetry generators is found. Features of the currents associated with these symmetries are discussed, including the fact that some different, non-commuting symmetry generators lead to the same Noether current. These strange features occur in all implementations of lattice fermions based on the Ginsparg-Wilson relation, including overlap, domain-wall, and perfect-action chiral fermions. The conclusions are illustrated in a solvable example, free overlap fermions.
hep-lat
the group structure of the variant chiral symmetry discovered by luscher in the ginspargwilson description of lattice chiral fermions is analyzed it is shown that the group contains an infinite number of linearly independent symmetry generators and the lie algebra is given explicitly cp is an automorphism of the chiral group and the cp transformation properties of the symmetry generators is found features of the currents associated with these symmetries are discussed including the fact that some different noncommuting symmetry generators lead to the same noether current these strange features occur in all implementations of lattice fermions based on the ginspargwilson relation including overlap domainwall and perfectaction chiral fermions the conclusions are illustrated in a solvable example free overlap fermions
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712.0652
On a construction of self-dual gauge fields in seven dimensions
We consider gauge fields associated with a semisimple Malcev algebra. We construct a gauge-invariant Lagrangian and found a solution of modified Yang-Mills equations in seven dimensions.
hep-th
we consider gauge fields associated with a semisimple malcev algebra we construct a gaugeinvariant lagrangian and found a solution of modified yangmills equations in seven dimensions
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712.0653
Equations of States in Singular Statistical Estimation
Learning machines which have hierarchical structures or hidden variables are singular statistical models because they are nonidentifiable and their Fisher information matrices are singular. In singular statistical models, neither the Bayes a posteriori distribution converges to the normal distribution nor the maximum likelihood estimator satisfies asymptotic normality. This is the main reason why it has been difficult to predict their generalization performances from trained states. In this paper, we study four errors, (1) Bayes generalization error, (2) Bayes training error, (3) Gibbs generalization error, and (4) Gibbs training error, and prove that there are mathematical relations among these errors. The formulas proved in this paper are equations of states in statistical estimation because they hold for any true distribution, any parametric model, and any a priori distribution. Also we show that Bayes and Gibbs generalization errors are estimated by Bayes and Gibbs training errors, and propose widely applicable information criteria which can be applied to both regular and singular statistical models.
cs.LG
learning machines which have hierarchical structures or hidden variables are singular statistical models because they are nonidentifiable and their fisher information matrices are singular in singular statistical models neither the bayes a posteriori distribution converges to the normal distribution nor the maximum likelihood estimator satisfies asymptotic normality this is the main reason why it has been difficult to predict their generalization performances from trained states in this paper we study four errors 1 bayes generalization error 2 bayes training error 3 gibbs generalization error and 4 gibbs training error and prove that there are mathematical relations among these errors the formulas proved in this paper are equations of states in statistical estimation because they hold for any true distribution any parametric model and any a priori distribution also we show that bayes and gibbs generalization errors are estimated by bayes and gibbs training errors and propose widely applicable information criteria which can be applied to both regular and singular statistical models
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712.0654
Complex Wave Numbers in the Vicinity of the Schwarzschild Event Horizon
This paper is devoted to investigate the cold plasma wave properties outside the event horizon of the Schwarzschild planar analogue. The dispersion relations are obtained from the corresponding Fourier analyzed equations for non-rotating and rotating, non-magnetized and magnetized backgrounds. These dispersion relations provide complex wave numbers. The wave numbers are shown in graphs to discuss the nature and behavior of waves and the properties of plasma lying in the vicinity of the Schwarzschild event horizon.
gr-qc astro-ph
this paper is devoted to investigate the cold plasma wave properties outside the event horizon of the schwarzschild planar analogue the dispersion relations are obtained from the corresponding fourier analyzed equations for nonrotating and rotating nonmagnetized and magnetized backgrounds these dispersion relations provide complex wave numbers the wave numbers are shown in graphs to discuss the nature and behavior of waves and the properties of plasma lying in the vicinity of the schwarzschild event horizon
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712.0655
Effects of Schwarzschild Geometry on Isothermal Plasma Wave Dispersion
The behavior of isothermal plasma waves has been analyzed near the Schwarzschild horizon. We consider a non-rotating background with non-magnetized and magnetized plasmas. The general relativistic magnetohydrodynamical equations for the Schwarzschild planar analogue spacetime with an isothermal state of the plasma are formulated. The perturbed form of these equations is linearized and Fourier analyzed by introducing simple harmonic waves. The determinant of these equations in each case leads to a complex dispersion relation, which gives complex values of the wave number. This has been used to discuss the nature of the waves and their characteristics near the horizon.
gr-qc astro-ph
the behavior of isothermal plasma waves has been analyzed near the schwarzschild horizon we consider a nonrotating background with nonmagnetized and magnetized plasmas the general relativistic magnetohydrodynamical equations for the schwarzschild planar analogue spacetime with an isothermal state of the plasma are formulated the perturbed form of these equations is linearized and fourier analyzed by introducing simple harmonic waves the determinant of these equations in each case leads to a complex dispersion relation which gives complex values of the wave number this has been used to discuss the nature of the waves and their characteristics near the horizon
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712.0656
On the structure of QCD confining string
This paper had been withdrawn because the prime reported effect had not been confirmed in further investigations (see arXiv:0812.4488 [hep-lat]).
hep-lat
this paper had been withdrawn because the prime reported effect had not been confirmed in further investigations see arxiv08124488 heplat
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712.0657
Photoproduction of neutral kaons on the liquid deuterium target in the threshold region
The photoproduction process of neutral kaons on a liquid deuterium target is investigated near the threshold region, Egamma = 0.8-1.1 GeV. K0 events are reconstructed from positive and negative pions, and differential cross sections are derived. Experimental momentum spectra are compared with those calculated in the spectator model using a realistic deuteron wave function. Elementary amplitudes as given by recent isobar models and a simple phenomenological model are used to study the effect of the new data on the angular behavior of the elementary cross section. The data favor a backward-peaked angular distribution of the elementary n(gamma,K0)Lambda process, which provides additional constraints on current models of kaon photoproduction. The present study demonstrates that the n(gamma,K0)Lambda reaction can provide key information on the mechanism of the photoproduction of strangeness.
nucl-ex
the photoproduction process of neutral kaons on a liquid deuterium target is investigated near the threshold region egamma 0811 gev k0 events are reconstructed from positive and negative pions and differential cross sections are derived experimental momentum spectra are compared with those calculated in the spectator model using a realistic deuteron wave function elementary amplitudes as given by recent isobar models and a simple phenomenological model are used to study the effect of the new data on the angular behavior of the elementary cross section the data favor a backwardpeaked angular distribution of the elementary ngammak0lambda process which provides additional constraints on current models of kaon photoproduction the present study demonstrates that the ngammak0lambda reaction can provide key information on the mechanism of the photoproduction of strangeness
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712.0658
The qqbar S-wave axial-vector mesons in the covariant U~(12)-scheme
We study the properties of axial vector mesons a1 and b1 as relativistic S-wave states which are predicted in the U~(12)-scheme, through the analyses of their radiative and pionic decays. Specifically, partial widths of the strong a1 (b1) -> rho(omega) pi processes, their D/S-wave amplitude ratios, and radiative transition widths of a1(b1) -> pi gamma processes are calculated by using a simple decay interaction model, and made a comparison with the respective experimental values.
hep-ph
we study the properties of axial vector mesons a1 and b1 as relativistic swave states which are predicted in the u12scheme through the analyses of their radiative and pionic decays specifically partial widths of the strong a1 b1 rhoomega pi processes their dswave amplitude ratios and radiative transition widths of a1b1 pi gamma processes are calculated by using a simple decay interaction model and made a comparison with the respective experimental values
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712.0659
An Empirical Study of Immune System Based On Bipartite Network
Immune system is the most important defense system to resist human pathogens. In this paper we present an immune model with bipartite graphs theory. We collect data through COPE database and construct an immune cell- mediators network. The act degree distribution of this network is proved to be power-law, with index of 1.8. From our analysis, we found that some mediators with high degree are very important mediators in the process of regulating immune activity, such as TNF-alpha, IL-8, TNF-alpha receptors, CCL5, IL-6, IL-2 receptors, TNF-beta receptors, TNF-beta, IL-4 receptors, IL-1 beta, CD54 and so on. These mediators are important in immune system to regulate their activity. We also found that the assortative of the immune system is -0.27. It reveals that our immune system is non-social network. Finally we found similarity of the network is 0.13. Each two cells are similar to small extent. It reveals that many cells have its unique features. The results show that this model could describe the immune system comprehensive.
nlin.AO q-bio.CB
immune system is the most important defense system to resist human pathogens in this paper we present an immune model with bipartite graphs theory we collect data through cope database and construct an immune cell mediators network the act degree distribution of this network is proved to be powerlaw with index of 18 from our analysis we found that some mediators with high degree are very important mediators in the process of regulating immune activity such as tnfalpha il8 tnfalpha receptors ccl5 il6 il2 receptors tnfbeta receptors tnfbeta il4 receptors il1 beta cd54 and so on these mediators are important in immune system to regulate their activity we also found that the assortative of the immune system is 027 it reveals that our immune system is nonsocial network finally we found similarity of the network is 013 each two cells are similar to small extent it reveals that many cells have its unique features the results show that this model could describe the immune system comprehensive
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712.066
A practical illustration of the importance of realistic individualized treatment rules in causal inference
The effect of vigorous physical activity on mortality in the elderly is difficult to estimate using conventional approaches to causal inference that define this effect by comparing the mortality risks corresponding to hypothetical scenarios in which all subjects in the target population engage in a given level of vigorous physical activity. A causal effect defined on the basis of such a static treatment intervention can only be identified from observed data if all subjects in the target population have a positive probability of selecting each of the candidate treatment options, an assumption that is highly unrealistic in this case since subjects with serious health problems will not be able to engage in higher levels of vigorous physical activity. This problem can be addressed by focusing instead on causal effects that are defined on the basis of realistic individualized treatment rules and intention-to-treat rules that explicitly take into account the set of treatment options that are available to each subject. We present a data analysis to illustrate that estimators of static causal effects in fact tend to overestimate the beneficial impact of high levels of vigorous physical activity while corresponding estimators based on realistic individualized treatment rules and intention-to-treat rules can yield unbiased estimates. We emphasize that the problems encountered in estimating static causal effects are not restricted to the IPTW estimator, but are also observed with the $G$-computation estimator, the DR-IPTW estimator, and the targeted MLE. Our analyses based on realistic individualized treatment rules and intention-to-treat rules suggest that high levels of vigorous physical activity may confer reductions in mortality risk on the order of 15-30%, although in most cases the evidence for such an effect does not quite reach the 0.05 level of significance.
stat.AP
the effect of vigorous physical activity on mortality in the elderly is difficult to estimate using conventional approaches to causal inference that define this effect by comparing the mortality risks corresponding to hypothetical scenarios in which all subjects in the target population engage in a given level of vigorous physical activity a causal effect defined on the basis of such a static treatment intervention can only be identified from observed data if all subjects in the target population have a positive probability of selecting each of the candidate treatment options an assumption that is highly unrealistic in this case since subjects with serious health problems will not be able to engage in higher levels of vigorous physical activity this problem can be addressed by focusing instead on causal effects that are defined on the basis of realistic individualized treatment rules and intentiontotreat rules that explicitly take into account the set of treatment options that are available to each subject we present a data analysis to illustrate that estimators of static causal effects in fact tend to overestimate the beneficial impact of high levels of vigorous physical activity while corresponding estimators based on realistic individualized treatment rules and intentiontotreat rules can yield unbiased estimates we emphasize that the problems encountered in estimating static causal effects are not restricted to the iptw estimator but are also observed with the gcomputation estimator the driptw estimator and the targeted mle our analyses based on realistic individualized treatment rules and intentiontotreat rules suggest that high levels of vigorous physical activity may confer reductions in mortality risk on the order of 1530 although in most cases the evidence for such an effect does not quite reach the 005 level of significance
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712.0661
A Collaboration Network Model Of Cytokine-Protein Network
Complex networks provide us a new view for investigation of immune systems. In this paper we collect data through STRING database and present a model with cooperation network theory. The cytokine-protein network model we consider is constituted by two kinds of nodes, one is immune cytokine types which can act as acts, other one is protein type which can act as actors. From act degree distribution that can be well described by typical SPL -shifted power law functions, we find that HRAS.TNFRSF13C.S100A8.S100A1.MAPK8.S100A7.LIF.CCL4.CXCL13 are highly collaborated with other proteins. It reveals that these mediators are important in cytokine-protein network to regulate immune activity. Dyad act degree distribution is another important property to generalized collaboration network. Dyad is two proteins and they appear in one cytokine collaboration relationship. The dyad act degree distribution can be well described by typical SPL functions. The length of the average shortest path is 1.29. These results show that this model could describe the cytokine-protein collaboration preferably
nlin.AO q-bio.MN
complex networks provide us a new view for investigation of immune systems in this paper we collect data through string database and present a model with cooperation network theory the cytokineprotein network model we consider is constituted by two kinds of nodes one is immune cytokine types which can act as acts other one is protein type which can act as actors from act degree distribution that can be well described by typical spl shifted power law functions we find that hrastnfrsf13cs100a8s100a1mapk8s100a7lifccl4cxcl13 are highly collaborated with other proteins it reveals that these mediators are important in cytokineprotein network to regulate immune activity dyad act degree distribution is another important property to generalized collaboration network dyad is two proteins and they appear in one cytokine collaboration relationship the dyad act degree distribution can be well described by typical spl functions the length of the average shortest path is 129 these results show that this model could describe the cytokineprotein collaboration preferably
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712.0662
Least Area Planes in Hyperbolic 3-Space are Properly Embedded
We show that if P is an embedded least area (area minimizing) plane in hyperbolic 3-space whose asymptotic boundary is a simple closed curve with at least one smooth point, then P is properly embedded.
math.GT math.DG
we show that if p is an embedded least area area minimizing plane in hyperbolic 3space whose asymptotic boundary is a simple closed curve with at least one smooth point then p is properly embedded
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712.0663
Quasi-kernels and quasi-sinks in infinite graphs
Given a directed graph G=(V,E) an independent set A of the vertices V is called quasi-kernel (quasi-sink) iff for each point v there is a path of length at most 2 from some point of A to v (from v to some point of A). Every finite directed graph has a quasi-kernel. The plain generalization for infinite graphs fails, even for tournaments. We investigate the following conjecture here: for any digraph G=(V,E) there is a a partition (V_0,V_1) of the vertex set such that the induced subgraph G[V_0] has a quasi-kernel and the induced subgraph G[V_1] has a quasi-sink.
math.CO
given a directed graph gve an independent set a of the vertices v is called quasikernel quasisink iff for each point v there is a path of length at most 2 from some point of a to v from v to some point of a every finite directed graph has a quasikernel the plain generalization for infinite graphs fails even for tournaments we investigate the following conjecture here for any digraph gve there is a a partition v_0v_1 of the vertex set such that the induced subgraph gv_0 has a quasikernel and the induced subgraph gv_1 has a quasisink
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712.0664
On the Existence of Light-Scalar Mesons kappa(800) and kappa'(1150): The U~(12) Scheme and BES II Data
We present that there should exist a light strange-scalar meson kappa', in addition to the kappa(800), which has a mass around 1.1-1.2 GeV, a rather narrow width, and couples strongly to kappa(800)sigma(600) (Kpipipi) but weakly to Kpi, based upon the U~(12)-classification scheme of hadrons and BES II data on J/psi -> barK*(892)0K+pi- decay.
hep-ph
we present that there should exist a light strangescalar meson kappa in addition to the kappa800 which has a mass around 1112 gev a rather narrow width and couples strongly to kappa800sigma600 kpipipi but weakly to kpi based upon the u12classification scheme of hadrons and bes ii data on jpsi bark8920kpi decay
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712.0665
Modules with Finite Cousin Cohomologies Have Uniform Local Cohomological Annihilators
Let A be a Noetherian ring. It is shown that any finite A--module M of finite Krull dimension with finite Cousin complex cohomologies has a uniform local cohomological annihilator. The converse is also true for a finite module M satisfying (S_2) which is over a local ring with Cohen--Macaulay formal fibres.
math.AC
let a be a noetherian ring it is shown that any finite amodule m of finite krull dimension with finite cousin complex cohomologies has a uniform local cohomological annihilator the converse is also true for a finite module m satisfying s_2 which is over a local ring with cohenmacaulay formal fibres
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712.0666
An Improved Error Bound for Multiquadric and Inverse Multiquadric Interpolation
A new error bound which is better than the current exponential-type error bound is presented in this paper.
math.NA
a new error bound which is better than the current exponentialtype error bound is presented in this paper
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712.0667
Determinants on von Neumann algebras, Mahler measures and Ljapunov exponents
For an ergodic measure preserving action on a probability space, consider the corresponding crossed product von Neumann algebra. We calculate the Fuglede-Kadison determinant for a class of operators in this von Neumann algebra in terms of the Ljapunov exponents of an associated measurable cocycle. The proof is based on recent work of Dykema and Schultz. As an application one obtains formulas for the Fuglede-Kadison determinant of noncommutative polynomials in the von Neumann algebra of the discrete Heisenberg group. These had been previously obtained by Lind and Schmidt via entropy considerations.
math.OA math.DS
for an ergodic measure preserving action on a probability space consider the corresponding crossed product von neumann algebra we calculate the fugledekadison determinant for a class of operators in this von neumann algebra in terms of the ljapunov exponents of an associated measurable cocycle the proof is based on recent work of dykema and schultz as an application one obtains formulas for the fugledekadison determinant of noncommutative polynomials in the von neumann algebra of the discrete heisenberg group these had been previously obtained by lind and schmidt via entropy considerations
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712.0668
Bose-Einstein Correlations in Multihadron Events at LEP
Bose-Einstein correlations in pairs of identical particles were analyzed in e+ e- multihadron annihilations at ~91.2 GeV at LEP. The first studies involved identical charged pions and the emitting source size was determined. Then the study of charged kaons suggested that the radius depends on the mass of the emitted particles. Subsequenty the dependence of the source radius on the event multiplicity was analyzed. The study of the correlations in neutral pions and neutral kaons extended these concepts to neutral particles. The shape of the source was analyzed in 3 dimensions and was found not to be spherically symmetric. In recent studies at LEP the correlations were analyzed in intervals of the average pair transverse momentum and of the pair rapidity to study the correlations between the pion production points and their momenta (position-momentum correlations). The latest e+ e- data are consistent with an expanding source.
hep-ex
boseeinstein correlations in pairs of identical particles were analyzed in e e multihadron annihilations at 912 gev at lep the first studies involved identical charged pions and the emitting source size was determined then the study of charged kaons suggested that the radius depends on the mass of the emitted particles subsequenty the dependence of the source radius on the event multiplicity was analyzed the study of the correlations in neutral pions and neutral kaons extended these concepts to neutral particles the shape of the source was analyzed in 3 dimensions and was found not to be spherically symmetric in recent studies at lep the correlations were analyzed in intervals of the average pair transverse momentum and of the pair rapidity to study the correlations between the pion production points and their momenta positionmomentum correlations the latest e e data are consistent with an expanding source
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712.0669
Integral Lattices of the SU(2)-TQFT-Modules
We find bases for naturally defined lattices over certain rings of integers in the SU(2)-TQFT-theory modules of surfaces. We consider the TQFT where the Kauffman's A variable is a root of unity of order four times an odd prime. As an application, we show that the Frohman Kania-Bartoszynska ideal invariant for 3-manifolds with boundary using the SU(2)-TQFT-theory is equal to the product of the ideals using the 2^{'}-theory and the SO(3)-TQFT-theory under a certain change of coefficients.
math.GT
we find bases for naturally defined lattices over certain rings of integers in the su2tqfttheory modules of surfaces we consider the tqft where the kauffmans a variable is a root of unity of order four times an odd prime as an application we show that the frohman kaniabartoszynska ideal invariant for 3manifolds with boundary using the su2tqfttheory is equal to the product of the ideals using the 2theory and the so3tqfttheory under a certain change of coefficients
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712.067
Disclosing hidden information in the quantum Zeno effect: Pulsed measurement of the quantum time of arrival
Repeated measurements of a quantum particle to check its presence in a region of space was proposed long ago [G. R. Allcock, Ann. Phys. {\bf 53}, 286 (1969)] as a natural way to determine the distribution of times of arrival at the orthogonal subspace, but the method was discarded because of the quantum Zeno effect: in the limit of very frequent measurements the wave function is reflected and remains in the original subspace. We show that by normalizing the small bits of arriving (removed) norm, an ideal time distribution emerges in correspondence with a classical local-kinetic-energy distribution.
quant-ph cond-mat.other
repeated measurements of a quantum particle to check its presence in a region of space was proposed long ago g r allcock ann phys bf 53 286 1969 as a natural way to determine the distribution of times of arrival at the orthogonal subspace but the method was discarded because of the quantum zeno effect in the limit of very frequent measurements the wave function is reflected and remains in the original subspace we show that by normalizing the small bits of arriving removed norm an ideal time distribution emerges in correspondence with a classical localkineticenergy distribution
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712.0671
Ram pressure stripping of disc galaxies orbiting in clusters. II. Galactic wakes
We present 3D hydrodynamical simulations of ram pressure stripping of a disc galaxy orbiting in a galaxy cluster. In this paper, we focus on the properties of the galaxies' tails of stripped gas. The galactic wakes show a flaring width, where the flaring angle depends on the gas disc's cross-section with respect to the galaxy's direction of motion. The velocity in the wakes shows a significant turbulent component of a few 100 km/s. The stripped gas is deposited in the cluster rather locally, i.e. within ~150 kpc from where it was stripped. We demonstrate that the most important quantity governing the tail density, length and gas mass distribution along the orbit is the galaxy's mass loss per orbital length. This in turn depends on the ram pressure as well as the galaxy's orbital velocity. For a sensitivity limit of ~10^19 cm^-2 in projected gas density, we find typical tail lengths of 40 kpc. Such long tails are seen even at large distances (0.5 to 1 Mpc) from the cluster centre. At this sensitivity limit, the tails show little flaring, but a width similar to the gas disc's size. Morphologically, we find good agreement with the HI tails observed in the Virgo cluster by Chung et al. (2007). However, the observed tails show a much smaller velocity width than predicted from the simulation. The few known X-ray and H$\alpha$ tails are generally much narrower and much straighter than the tails in our simulations. Thus, additional physics like a viscous ICM, the influence of cooling and tidal effects may be needed to explain the details of the observations. We discuss the hydrodynamical drag as a heat source for the ICM but conclude that it is not likely to play an important role, especially not in stopping cooling flows.
astro-ph
we present 3d hydrodynamical simulations of ram pressure stripping of a disc galaxy orbiting in a galaxy cluster in this paper we focus on the properties of the galaxies tails of stripped gas the galactic wakes show a flaring width where the flaring angle depends on the gas discs crosssection with respect to the galaxys direction of motion the velocity in the wakes shows a significant turbulent component of a few 100 kms the stripped gas is deposited in the cluster rather locally ie within 150 kpc from where it was stripped we demonstrate that the most important quantity governing the tail density length and gas mass distribution along the orbit is the galaxys mass loss per orbital length this in turn depends on the ram pressure as well as the galaxys orbital velocity for a sensitivity limit of 1019 cm2 in projected gas density we find typical tail lengths of 40 kpc such long tails are seen even at large distances 05 to 1 mpc from the cluster centre at this sensitivity limit the tails show little flaring but a width similar to the gas discs size morphologically we find good agreement with the hi tails observed in the virgo cluster by chung et al 2007 however the observed tails show a much smaller velocity width than predicted from the simulation the few known xray and halpha tails are generally much narrower and much straighter than the tails in our simulations thus additional physics like a viscous icm the influence of cooling and tidal effects may be needed to explain the details of the observations we discuss the hydrodynamical drag as a heat source for the icm but conclude that it is not likely to play an important role especially not in stopping cooling flows
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712.0672
Planar Limit of Orientifold Field Theories and Emergent Center Symmetry
We consider orientifold field theories (i.e. SU(N) Yang--Mills theories with fermions in the two-index symmetric or antisymmetric representations) on R3xS1 where the compact dimension can be either temporal or spatial. These theories are planar equivalent to supersymmetric Yang--Mills. The latter has Z_N center symmetry. The famous Polyakov criterion establishing confinement-deconfinement phase transition as that from Z_N symmetric to Z_N broken phase applies. At the Lagrangian level the orientifold theories have at most a Z_2 center. We discuss how the full Z_N center symmetry dynamically emerges in the orientifold theories in the limit N-->infinity. In the confining phase the manifestation of this enhancement is the existence of stable k-strings in the large-N limit of the orientifold theories. These strings are identical to those of supersymmetric Yang--Mills theories. We argue that critical temperatures (and other features) of the confinement-deconfinement phase transition are the same in the orientifold daughters and their supersymmetric parent up to 1/N corrections. We also discuss the Abelian and non-Abelian confining regimes of four-dimensional QCD-like theories.
hep-th hep-lat hep-ph
we consider orientifold field theories ie sun yangmills theories with fermions in the twoindex symmetric or antisymmetric representations on r3xs1 where the compact dimension can be either temporal or spatial these theories are planar equivalent to supersymmetric yangmills the latter has z_n center symmetry the famous polyakov criterion establishing confinementdeconfinement phase transition as that from z_n symmetric to z_n broken phase applies at the lagrangian level the orientifold theories have at most a z_2 center we discuss how the full z_n center symmetry dynamically emerges in the orientifold theories in the limit ninfinity in the confining phase the manifestation of this enhancement is the existence of stable kstrings in the largen limit of the orientifold theories these strings are identical to those of supersymmetric yangmills theories we argue that critical temperatures and other features of the confinementdeconfinement phase transition are the same in the orientifold daughters and their supersymmetric parent up to 1n corrections we also discuss the abelian and nonabelian confining regimes of fourdimensional qcdlike theories
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712.0673
Spin dependent operators in correlated gaussian bases
In their textbook, Suzuki and Varga [Y. Suzuki and K. Varga, {\em Stochastic Variational Approach to Quantum-Mechanical Few-Body Problems} (Springer, Berlin, 1998)] present the stochastic variational method with the correlated Gaussian basis in a very exhaustive way. The matrix elements for central potentials are put under a pleasant form but the elements for spin dependent operators, when treated, are given as very cumbersome expressions. In this paper, we find a lot of new formulae for those elements. Their expressions are given in terms of the same geometrical functions that appear in the case of central potentials. These functions get therefore a universal status; this property is very useful for numerical applications.
physics.comp-ph hep-ph
in their textbook suzuki and varga y suzuki and k varga em stochastic variational approach to quantummechanical fewbody problems springer berlin 1998 present the stochastic variational method with the correlated gaussian basis in a very exhaustive way the matrix elements for central potentials are put under a pleasant form but the elements for spin dependent operators when treated are given as very cumbersome expressions in this paper we find a lot of new formulae for those elements their expressions are given in terms of the same geometrical functions that appear in the case of central potentials these functions get therefore a universal status this property is very useful for numerical applications
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712.0674
The Standard Model and Supersymmetric Flavor Puzzles at the Large Hadron Collider
Can the Large Hadron Collider explain the masses and mixings of the known fermions? A promising possibility is that these masses and mixings are determined by flavor symmetries that also govern new particles that will appear at the LHC. We consider well-motivated examples in supersymmetry with both gravity- and gauge-mediation. Contrary to spreading belief, new physics need not be minimally flavor violating. We build non-minimally flavor violating models that successfully explain all known lepton masses and mixings, but span a wide range in their predictions for slepton flavor violation. In natural and favorable cases, these models have metastable sleptons and are characterized by fully reconstructible events. We outline many flavor measurements that are then possible and describe their prospects for resolving both the standard model and new physics flavor puzzles at the Large Hadron Collider.
hep-ph
can the large hadron collider explain the masses and mixings of the known fermions a promising possibility is that these masses and mixings are determined by flavor symmetries that also govern new particles that will appear at the lhc we consider wellmotivated examples in supersymmetry with both gravity and gaugemediation contrary to spreading belief new physics need not be minimally flavor violating we build nonminimally flavor violating models that successfully explain all known lepton masses and mixings but span a wide range in their predictions for slepton flavor violation in natural and favorable cases these models have metastable sleptons and are characterized by fully reconstructible events we outline many flavor measurements that are then possible and describe their prospects for resolving both the standard model and new physics flavor puzzles at the large hadron collider
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712.0675
Mobile $\pi-$kinks and half-integer zero-field-like steps in highly discrete alternating $0-\pi$ Josephson junction arrays
The dynamics of a one-dimensional, highly discrete, linear array of alternating $0-$ and $\pi-$ Josephson junctions is studied numerically, under constant bias current at zero magnetic field. The calculated current - voltage characteristics exhibit half-integer and integer zero-field-like steps for even and odd total number of junctions, respectively. Inspection of the instantaneous phases reveals that, in the former case, single $\pi-$kink excitations (discrete semi-fluxons) are supported, whose propagation in the array gives rise to the $1/2-$step, while in the latter case, a pair of $\pi-$kink -- $\pi-$antikink appears, whose propagation gives rise to the $1-$step. When additional $2\pi-$kinks are inserted in the array, they are subjected to fractionalization, transforming themselves into two closely spaced $\pi-$kinks. As they propagate in the array along with the single $\pi-$kink or the $\pi-$kink - $\pi-$antikink pair, they give rise to higher half-integer or integer zero-field-like steps, respectively.
cond-mat.supr-con
the dynamics of a onedimensional highly discrete linear array of alternating 0 and pi josephson junctions is studied numerically under constant bias current at zero magnetic field the calculated current voltage characteristics exhibit halfinteger and integer zerofieldlike steps for even and odd total number of junctions respectively inspection of the instantaneous phases reveals that in the former case single pikink excitations discrete semifluxons are supported whose propagation in the array gives rise to the 12step while in the latter case a pair of pikink piantikink appears whose propagation gives rise to the 1step when additional 2pikinks are inserted in the array they are subjected to fractionalization transforming themselves into two closely spaced pikinks as they propagate in the array along with the single pikink or the pikink piantikink pair they give rise to higher halfinteger or integer zerofieldlike steps respectively
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712.0676
A Lattice Model for the Fermionic Projector in a Static and Isotropic Space-Time
We introduce a lattice model for a static and isotropic system of relativistic fermions. An action principle is formulated, which describes a particle-particle interaction of all fermions. The model is designed specifically for a numerical analysis of the nonlinear interaction, which is expected to lead to the formation of a Dirac sea structure. We discuss basic properties of the system. It is proved that the minimum of the variational principle is attained. First numerical results reveal an effect of spontaneous symmetry breaking.
math-ph hep-lat math.MP
we introduce a lattice model for a static and isotropic system of relativistic fermions an action principle is formulated which describes a particleparticle interaction of all fermions the model is designed specifically for a numerical analysis of the nonlinear interaction which is expected to lead to the formation of a dirac sea structure we discuss basic properties of the system it is proved that the minimum of the variational principle is attained first numerical results reveal an effect of spontaneous symmetry breaking
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712.0677
Anti-proton and positron Cosmic Rays from Dark Matter annihilation around Intermediate Mass Black Holes
Intermediate Mass Black Holes (IMBHs) are candidates to seed the Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs), and some could still wander in the Galaxy. In the context of annihilating dark matter (DM), they are expected to drive huge annihilation rates, and could therefore significantly enhance the primary cosmic rays (CRs) expected from annihilation of the DM of the Galactic halo. In this proceeding (the original paper is Brun et al. 2007), we briefly explain the method to derive estimates of such exotic contributions to the anti-proton and positron CR spectra, and the associated statistical uncertainties connected to the properties of IMBHs. We find boost factors of order $10^4$ to the exotic fluxes, but associated with very large statistical uncertainties.
astro-ph
intermediate mass black holes imbhs are candidates to seed the supermassive black holes smbhs and some could still wander in the galaxy in the context of annihilating dark matter dm they are expected to drive huge annihilation rates and could therefore significantly enhance the primary cosmic rays crs expected from annihilation of the dm of the galactic halo in this proceeding the original paper is brun et al 2007 we briefly explain the method to derive estimates of such exotic contributions to the antiproton and positron cr spectra and the associated statistical uncertainties connected to the properties of imbhs we find boost factors of order 104 to the exotic fluxes but associated with very large statistical uncertainties
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712.0678
An Action Principle for the Masses of Dirac Particles
A variational principle is introduced which minimizes an action formulated for configurations of vacuum Dirac seas. The action is analyzed in position and momentum space. We relate the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations to the notion of state stability. Examples of numerical minimizers are constructed and discussed.
math-ph hep-th math.MP
a variational principle is introduced which minimizes an action formulated for configurations of vacuum dirac seas the action is analyzed in position and momentum space we relate the corresponding eulerlagrange equations to the notion of state stability examples of numerical minimizers are constructed and discussed
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