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712.1179
Life on the fast lane: the burst mode at the VLT at present and in the future
The recent implementation of the high-speed burst mode at the ISAAC instrument on UT1, and its propagation to other ESO instruments, has opened the door to observational capabilities which hold the potential for a wealth of novel results. In the ELT era, when the accent will likely be on lengthy programs aimed at the best sensitivity and angular resolution, the VLT telescopes could continue to play a significant and largely unique role by performing routinely observations of transient events at high temporal resolution. In our contribution, we provide details on two such kinds of observations, namely lunar occultations of stars and of asteroids. For the first ones, we report on two passages of the Moon in regions with high stellar density as the Galactic Center. The VLT-UT1 telescope was used for the first time to record successfully 53 and 71 occultations on March 22 and August 6, 2006, with an angular resolution of 0.5-1 milliarcsecond and $K\sim12.5$ limiting magnitude. We note that the angular resolution is superior to that achieved at present by Adaptive Optics on any telescope, and also superior to that foreseen for the ELT at the same wavelength. LO are also very efficient in terms of telescope time. We present some of the results, including the discovery of close binaries, and the detection and study of compact circumstellar components of cool giants, AGB stars and embedded IR sources. Rest of the abstract follows at the paper
astro-ph
the recent implementation of the highspeed burst mode at the isaac instrument on ut1 and its propagation to other eso instruments has opened the door to observational capabilities which hold the potential for a wealth of novel results in the elt era when the accent will likely be on lengthy programs aimed at the best sensitivity and angular resolution the vlt telescopes could continue to play a significant and largely unique role by performing routinely observations of transient events at high temporal resolution in our contribution we provide details on two such kinds of observations namely lunar occultations of stars and of asteroids for the first ones we report on two passages of the moon in regions with high stellar density as the galactic center the vltut1 telescope was used for the first time to record successfully 53 and 71 occultations on march 22 and august 6 2006 with an angular resolution of 051 milliarcsecond and ksim125 limiting magnitude we note that the angular resolution is superior to that achieved at present by adaptive optics on any telescope and also superior to that foreseen for the elt at the same wavelength lo are also very efficient in terms of telescope time we present some of the results including the discovery of close binaries and the detection and study of compact circumstellar components of cool giants agb stars and embedded ir sources rest of the abstract follows at the paper
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712.118
Part I. The Cosmological Vacuum from a Topological Perspective
This article examines how the physical presence of field energy and particulate matter can be interpreted in terms of the topological properties of space-time. The theory is developed in terms of vector and matrix equations of exterior differential systems, which are not constrained by tensor diffeomorphic equivalences. The first postulate defines the field properties (a vector space continuum) of the Cosmological Vacuum in terms of matrices of basis functions that map exact differentials into neighborhoods of exterior differential 1-forms (potentials). The second postulate requires that the field equations must satisfy the First Law of Thermodynamics dynamically created in terms of the Lie differential with respect to a process direction field acting on the exterior differential forms that encode the thermodynamic system. The vector space of infinitesimals need not be global and its compliment is used to define particle properties as topological defects embedded in the field vector space. The potentials, as exterior differential 1-forms, are not (necessarily) uniquely integrable: the fibers can be twisted, leading to possible Chiral matrix arrays of certain 3-forms defined as Topological Torsion and Topological Spin. A significant result demonstrates how the coefficients of Affine Torsion are related to the concept of Field excitations (mass and charge); another demonstrates how thermodynamic evolution can describe the emergence of topological defects in the physical vacuum.
gr-qc
this article examines how the physical presence of field energy and particulate matter can be interpreted in terms of the topological properties of spacetime the theory is developed in terms of vector and matrix equations of exterior differential systems which are not constrained by tensor diffeomorphic equivalences the first postulate defines the field properties a vector space continuum of the cosmological vacuum in terms of matrices of basis functions that map exact differentials into neighborhoods of exterior differential 1forms potentials the second postulate requires that the field equations must satisfy the first law of thermodynamics dynamically created in terms of the lie differential with respect to a process direction field acting on the exterior differential forms that encode the thermodynamic system the vector space of infinitesimals need not be global and its compliment is used to define particle properties as topological defects embedded in the field vector space the potentials as exterior differential 1forms are not necessarily uniquely integrable the fibers can be twisted leading to possible chiral matrix arrays of certain 3forms defined as topological torsion and topological spin a significant result demonstrates how the coefficients of affine torsion are related to the concept of field excitations mass and charge another demonstrates how thermodynamic evolution can describe the emergence of topological defects in the physical vacuum
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712.1181
Searches for Multibaryon States with $\Lambda$ Hyperon Systems in pa Collision at 10 Gev/c
Experimental data as a stereo photographs from the 2m propane bubble chamber LHE, JINR have been analyzed for exotic multibaryon metastable and stable states searches. A number of peculiarities were found in the effective mass spectra of: 1)$\Lambda \pi^{\pm}$,$\Lambda \pi^+ \pi^-$, $\Lambda p$, $\Lambda p p$, $\Lambda \pi p$,$\Lambda \Lambda $ and $\Lambda K^0_S$ subsystems. The observed well known $\Sigma^{*+}$(1385),$\Lambda ^*(1600)$ and $K^{*\pm}$(892)resonances are good tests for this method. The width of $\Sigma^{*-}(1385)$ for p+A reaction is two time larger than that presented in PDG. The $\Lambda \pi^-$ spectrum observed enhancement in mass range of 1345 MeV/$c^2$ which interpreted as a stopped in nucleus $\Xi^-$. The cross section of stopped $\Xi^-$ production is $\approx$ 8 times larger than obtained by fritiof model with same experimental conditions.
hep-ex
experimental data as a stereo photographs from the 2m propane bubble chamber lhe jinr have been analyzed for exotic multibaryon metastable and stable states searches a number of peculiarities were found in the effective mass spectra of 1lambda pipmlambda pi pi lambda p lambda p p lambda pi plambda lambda and lambda k0_s subsystems the observed well known sigma1385lambda 1600 and kpm892resonances are good tests for this method the width of sigma1385 for pa reaction is two time larger than that presented in pdg the lambda pi spectrum observed enhancement in mass range of 1345 mevc2 which interpreted as a stopped in nucleus xi the cross section of stopped xi production is approx 8 times larger than obtained by fritiof model with same experimental conditions
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712.1182
Cumulative and Averaging Fission of Beliefs
Belief fusion is the principle of combining separate beliefs or bodies of evidence originating from different sources. Depending on the situation to be modelled, different belief fusion methods can be applied. Cumulative and averaging belief fusion is defined for fusing opinions in subjective logic, and for fusing belief functions in general. The principle of fission is the opposite of fusion, namely to eliminate the contribution of a specific belief from an already fused belief, with the purpose of deriving the remaining belief. This paper describes fission of cumulative belief as well as fission of averaging belief in subjective logic. These operators can for example be applied to belief revision in Bayesian belief networks, where the belief contribution of a given evidence source can be determined as a function of a given fused belief and its other contributing beliefs.
cs.AI cs.LO
belief fusion is the principle of combining separate beliefs or bodies of evidence originating from different sources depending on the situation to be modelled different belief fusion methods can be applied cumulative and averaging belief fusion is defined for fusing opinions in subjective logic and for fusing belief functions in general the principle of fission is the opposite of fusion namely to eliminate the contribution of a specific belief from an already fused belief with the purpose of deriving the remaining belief this paper describes fission of cumulative belief as well as fission of averaging belief in subjective logic these operators can for example be applied to belief revision in bayesian belief networks where the belief contribution of a given evidence source can be determined as a function of a given fused belief and its other contributing beliefs
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712.1183
Opers with irregular singularity and spectra of the shift of argument subalgebra
The universal enveloping algebra of any simple Lie algebra g contains a family of commutative subalgebras, called the quantum shift of argument subalgebras math.RT/0606380, math.QA/0612798. We prove that generically their action on finite-dimensional modules is diagonalizable and their joint spectra are in bijection with the set of monodromy-free opers for the Langlands dual group of G on the projective line with regular singularity at one point and irregular singularity of order two at another point. We also prove a multi-point generalization of this result, describing the spectra of commuting Hamiltonians in Gaudin models with irregular singulairity. In addition, we show that the quantum shift of argument subalgebra corresponding to a regular nilpotent element of g has a cyclic vector in any irreducible finite-dimensional g-module. As a byproduct, we obtain the structure of a Gorenstein ring on any such module. This fact may have geometric significance related to the intersection cohomology of Schubert varieties in the affine Grassmannian.
math.QA math-ph math.AG math.MP
the universal enveloping algebra of any simple lie algebra g contains a family of commutative subalgebras called the quantum shift of argument subalgebras mathrt0606380 mathqa0612798 we prove that generically their action on finitedimensional modules is diagonalizable and their joint spectra are in bijection with the set of monodromyfree opers for the langlands dual group of g on the projective line with regular singularity at one point and irregular singularity of order two at another point we also prove a multipoint generalization of this result describing the spectra of commuting hamiltonians in gaudin models with irregular singulairity in addition we show that the quantum shift of argument subalgebra corresponding to a regular nilpotent element of g has a cyclic vector in any irreducible finitedimensional gmodule as a byproduct we obtain the structure of a gorenstein ring on any such module this fact may have geometric significance related to the intersection cohomology of schubert varieties in the affine grassmannian
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712.1184
Anomalous HI Gas in NGC 4395: Signs of Gas Accretion
In recent years, it has become clear that large quantities of gas reside in the halos of many spiral galaxies. Whether the presence of this gas is ultimately a consequence of star formation activity in the disk, or accretion from outside of the galaxy, is not yet understood. We present new, deep HI observations of NGC 4395 as part of a continuing observational program to investigate this issue. We have detected a number of gas clouds with masses and sizes similar to Milky Way HVCs. Some of these are in regions without currently ongoing star formation, possibly indicating ongoing gas accretion.
astro-ph
in recent years it has become clear that large quantities of gas reside in the halos of many spiral galaxies whether the presence of this gas is ultimately a consequence of star formation activity in the disk or accretion from outside of the galaxy is not yet understood we present new deep hi observations of ngc 4395 as part of a continuing observational program to investigate this issue we have detected a number of gas clouds with masses and sizes similar to milky way hvcs some of these are in regions without currently ongoing star formation possibly indicating ongoing gas accretion
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712.1185
SpectroWeb: Oscillator Strength Measurements of Atomic Absorption Lines in the Sun and Procyon
We update the online SpectroWeb database of spectral standard reference stars with 1178 oscillator strength values of atomic absorption lines observed in the optical spectrum of the Sun and Procyon (Alpha CMi A). The updated line oscillator strengths are measured with best fits to the disk-integrated KPNO-FTS spectrum of the Sun observed between 4000 A and 6800 A using state-of-the-art detailed spectral synthesis calculations. A subset of 660 line oscillator strengths is validated with synthetic spectrum calculations of Procyon observed with ESO-UVES between 4700 A and 6800 A. The new log(gf)-values in SpectroWeb are improved over the values offered in the online Vienna Atomic Line Database (VALD). We find for neutral iron-group elements, such as Fe I, Ni I, Cr I, and Ti I, a statistically significant over-estimation of the VALD log(gf)-values for weak absorption lines with normalized central line depths below 15 %. For abundant lighter elements (e.g. Mg I and Ca I) this trend is statistically not significantly detectable, with the exception of Si I for which the log(gf)-values of 60 weak and medium-strong lines are substantially decreased to best fit the observed spectra. The newly measured log(gf)-values are available in the SpectroWeb database at http://spectra.freeshell.org which interactively displays the observed and computed stellar spectra, together with corresponding atomic line data.
astro-ph
we update the online spectroweb database of spectral standard reference stars with 1178 oscillator strength values of atomic absorption lines observed in the optical spectrum of the sun and procyon alpha cmi a the updated line oscillator strengths are measured with best fits to the diskintegrated kpnofts spectrum of the sun observed between 4000 a and 6800 a using stateoftheart detailed spectral synthesis calculations a subset of 660 line oscillator strengths is validated with synthetic spectrum calculations of procyon observed with esouves between 4700 a and 6800 a the new loggfvalues in spectroweb are improved over the values offered in the online vienna atomic line database vald we find for neutral irongroup elements such as fe i ni i cr i and ti i a statistically significant overestimation of the vald loggfvalues for weak absorption lines with normalized central line depths below 15 for abundant lighter elements eg mg i and ca i this trend is statistically not significantly detectable with the exception of si i for which the loggfvalues of 60 weak and mediumstrong lines are substantially decreased to best fit the observed spectra the newly measured loggfvalues are available in the spectroweb database at httpspectrafreeshellorg which interactively displays the observed and computed stellar spectra together with corresponding atomic line data
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712.1186
Energy dependence of forward 1S0 diproton production in the pp -> pp pi0 reaction
The pp -> {pp}_s pi0 differential cross section has been measured with the ANKE spectrometer at COSY-Juelich for seven proton beam energies T_p between 0.5 and 1.97 GeV. By selecting proton pairs with an excitation energy of less than 3 MeV it is ensured that the final {pp}_s system is in the 1S0 state. In the measured region of theta_{pp}^{cm} < 18 deg, the data reveal a forward dip for T_p =< 1.4 GeV whereas a forward peaking is seen at 1.97 GeV. The energy dependence of the forward cross section shows a broad peak in the 0.6-0.8 GeV region, probably associated with Delta(1232) excitation, and a minimum at 1.4 GeV. Some of these features are similar to those observed for the spin-isospin partner reaction, pp -> d pi+. However, the ratio of the forward differential cross sections of the two reactions shows a significant suppression of single pion production associated with a spin--singlet final nucleon pair.
nucl-ex
the pp pp_s pi0 differential cross section has been measured with the anke spectrometer at cosyjuelich for seven proton beam energies t_p between 05 and 197 gev by selecting proton pairs with an excitation energy of less than 3 mev it is ensured that the final pp_s system is in the 1s0 state in the measured region of theta_ppcm 18 deg the data reveal a forward dip for t_p 14 gev whereas a forward peaking is seen at 197 gev the energy dependence of the forward cross section shows a broad peak in the 0608 gev region probably associated with delta1232 excitation and a minimum at 14 gev some of these features are similar to those observed for the spinisospin partner reaction pp d pi however the ratio of the forward differential cross sections of the two reactions shows a significant suppression of single pion production associated with a spinsinglet final nucleon pair
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712.1187
Symbolic Manipulators Affect Mathematical Mindsets
Symbolic calculators like Mathematica are becoming more commonplace among upper level physics students. The presence of such a powerful calculator can couple strongly to the type of mathematical reasoning students employ. It does not merely offer a convenient way to perform the computations students would have otherwise wanted to do by hand. This paper presents examples from the work of upper level physics majors where Mathematica plays an active role in focusing and sustaining their thought around calculation. These students still engage in powerful mathematical reasoning while they calculate but struggle because of the narrowed breadth of their thinking. Their reasoning is drawn into local attractors where they look to calculation schemes to resolve questions instead of, for example, mapping the mathematics to the physical system at hand. We model the influence of Mathematica as an integral part of the constant feedback that occurs in how students frame, and hence focus, their work.
physics.ed-ph
symbolic calculators like mathematica are becoming more commonplace among upper level physics students the presence of such a powerful calculator can couple strongly to the type of mathematical reasoning students employ it does not merely offer a convenient way to perform the computations students would have otherwise wanted to do by hand this paper presents examples from the work of upper level physics majors where mathematica plays an active role in focusing and sustaining their thought around calculation these students still engage in powerful mathematical reasoning while they calculate but struggle because of the narrowed breadth of their thinking their reasoning is drawn into local attractors where they look to calculation schemes to resolve questions instead of for example mapping the mathematics to the physical system at hand we model the influence of mathematica as an integral part of the constant feedback that occurs in how students frame and hence focus their work
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712.1188
Liouville equations for neutrino distribution matrices
The classical notion of a single-particle scalar distribution function or phase space density can be generalized to a matrix in order to accommodate superpositions of states of discrete quantum numbers, such as neutrino mass/flavor. Such a `neutrino distribution matrix' is thus an appropriate construct to describe a neutrino gas that may vary in space as well as time and in which flavor mixing competes with collisions. The Liouville equations obeyed by relativistic neutrino distribution matrices, including the spatial derivative and vacuum flavor mixing terms, can be explicitly but elegantly derived in two new ways: from a covariant version of the familiar simple model of flavor mixing, and from the Klein-Gordon equations satisfied by a quantum `density function' (mean value of paired quantum field operators). Associated with the latter derivation is a case study in how the joint position/momentum dependence of a classical gas (albeit with Fermi statistics) emerges from a formalism built on quantum fields.
astro-ph
the classical notion of a singleparticle scalar distribution function or phase space density can be generalized to a matrix in order to accommodate superpositions of states of discrete quantum numbers such as neutrino massflavor such a neutrino distribution matrix is thus an appropriate construct to describe a neutrino gas that may vary in space as well as time and in which flavor mixing competes with collisions the liouville equations obeyed by relativistic neutrino distribution matrices including the spatial derivative and vacuum flavor mixing terms can be explicitly but elegantly derived in two new ways from a covariant version of the familiar simple model of flavor mixing and from the kleingordon equations satisfied by a quantum density function mean value of paired quantum field operators associated with the latter derivation is a case study in how the joint positionmomentum dependence of a classical gas albeit with fermi statistics emerges from a formalism built on quantum fields
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712.1189
Implementation, Compilation, Optimization of Object-Oriented Languages, Programs and Systems - Report on the Workshop ICOOOLPS'2007 at ECOOP'07
ICOOOLPS'2007 was the second edition of the ECOOP-ICOOOLPS workshop. ICOOOLPS intends to bring researchers and practitioners both from academia and industry together, with a spirit of openness, to try and identify and begin to address the numerous and very varied issues of optimization. After a first successful edition, this second one put a stronger emphasis on exchanges and discussions amongst the participants, progressing on the bases set last year in Nantes. The workshop attendance was a success, since the 30-people limit we had set was reached about 2 weeks before the workshop itself. Some of the discussions (e.g. annotations) were so successful that they would required even more time than we were able to dedicate to them. That's one area we plan to further improve for the next edition.
cs.PL cs.SE
icooolps2007 was the second edition of the ecoopicooolps workshop icooolps intends to bring researchers and practitioners both from academia and industry together with a spirit of openness to try and identify and begin to address the numerous and very varied issues of optimization after a first successful edition this second one put a stronger emphasis on exchanges and discussions amongst the participants progressing on the bases set last year in nantes the workshop attendance was a success since the 30people limit we had set was reached about 2 weeks before the workshop itself some of the discussions eg annotations were so successful that they would required even more time than we were able to dedicate to them thats one area we plan to further improve for the next edition
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712.119
How to control nonlinear effects in Binder cumulants
We point out that ignoring nonlinear effects in finite size scaling may lead to errors in estimates of the critical temperature and Binder cumulants. We show that the order of magnitude of these effects can be estimated from data at relatively small volume. Using this estimate, we propose to use linear fits in increasingly small temperature regions as the volume is increased (rather than using a fixed temperature interval). The choice of the exact coefficient of proportionality can be optimized and reveals interesting crossing patterns among estimates. We show that the new procedure works very well for Dyson's hierarchical model. We discuss applications of the method for 3 dimensional spin models and finite temperature lattice gauge theories and comment on the nonlinear effects for existing calculations.
hep-lat cond-mat.stat-mech hep-th
we point out that ignoring nonlinear effects in finite size scaling may lead to errors in estimates of the critical temperature and binder cumulants we show that the order of magnitude of these effects can be estimated from data at relatively small volume using this estimate we propose to use linear fits in increasingly small temperature regions as the volume is increased rather than using a fixed temperature interval the choice of the exact coefficient of proportionality can be optimized and reveals interesting crossing patterns among estimates we show that the new procedure works very well for dysons hierarchical model we discuss applications of the method for 3 dimensional spin models and finite temperature lattice gauge theories and comment on the nonlinear effects for existing calculations
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712.1191
Nuclear alpha-particle condensates: Definitions, occurrence conditions, and consequences
There has been a recent flurry of interest in the possibility of condensates of $\alpha$-particles in nuclei. In this letter we discuss occurrence conditions for such states. Using the quantality condition of Mottelson we show that condensates are only marginally expected in $\alpha$-particle states. We proceed to demonstrate that few-body nuclear condensates are ill-defined, and emphasize the conflict between $\alpha$-localization and $\alpha$-condensate formation. We also explore the connection between Ikeda diagrams, linear chains, and Tonks-Girardeau gases. Our findings show that no new information is contained in the approximations of nuclear states as $\alpha$-cluster condensates. Furthermore, condensates of more than three $\alpha$-particles are very unlikely to exist due to couplings to other degrees of freedom.
nucl-th cond-mat.other
there has been a recent flurry of interest in the possibility of condensates of alphaparticles in nuclei in this letter we discuss occurrence conditions for such states using the quantality condition of mottelson we show that condensates are only marginally expected in alphaparticle states we proceed to demonstrate that fewbody nuclear condensates are illdefined and emphasize the conflict between alphalocalization and alphacondensate formation we also explore the connection between ikeda diagrams linear chains and tonksgirardeau gases our findings show that no new information is contained in the approximations of nuclear states as alphacluster condensates furthermore condensates of more than three alphaparticles are very unlikely to exist due to couplings to other degrees of freedom
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712.1192
The Highest Redshift Relativistic Jets
We describe our efforts to understand large-scale (10's-100's kpc) relativistic jet systems through observations of the highest-redshift quasars. Results from a VLA survey search for radio jets in ~30 z>3.4 quasars are described along with new Chandra observations of 4 selected targets.
astro-ph
we describe our efforts to understand largescale 10s100s kpc relativistic jet systems through observations of the highestredshift quasars results from a vla survey search for radio jets in 30 z34 quasars are described along with new chandra observations of 4 selected targets
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712.1193
Generating AdS String Solutions
We use a Pohlmeyer type reduction to generate classical string solutions in AdS spacetime. In this framework we describe a correspondence between spikes in AdS_3 and soliton profiles of the sinh-Gordon equation. The null cusp string solution and its closed spinning string counterpart are related to the sinh-Gordon vacuum. We construct classical string solutions corresponding to sinh-Gordon solitons, antisolitons and breathers by the inverse scattering technique. The breather solutions can also be reproduced by the sigma model dressing method.
hep-th
we use a pohlmeyer type reduction to generate classical string solutions in ads spacetime in this framework we describe a correspondence between spikes in ads_3 and soliton profiles of the sinhgordon equation the null cusp string solution and its closed spinning string counterpart are related to the sinhgordon vacuum we construct classical string solutions corresponding to sinhgordon solitons antisolitons and breathers by the inverse scattering technique the breather solutions can also be reproduced by the sigma model dressing method
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712.1194
The Hartree-Fock ground state of the three-dimensional electron gas
In 1962, Overhauser showed that within Hartree-Fock (HF) the electron gas is unstable to a spin density wave (SDW) instability. Determining the true HF ground state has remained a challenge. Using numerical calculations for finite systems and analytic techniques, we study the HF ground state of the 3D electron gas. At high density, we find broken spin symmetry states with a nearly constant charge density. Unlike previously discussed spin wave states, the observed wave vector of the SDW is smaller than $2 k_F$. The broken-symmetry state originates from pairing instabilities at the Fermi surface, a model for which is proposed.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.other
in 1962 overhauser showed that within hartreefock hf the electron gas is unstable to a spin density wave sdw instability determining the true hf ground state has remained a challenge using numerical calculations for finite systems and analytic techniques we study the hf ground state of the 3d electron gas at high density we find broken spin symmetry states with a nearly constant charge density unlike previously discussed spin wave states the observed wave vector of the sdw is smaller than 2 k_f the brokensymmetry state originates from pairing instabilities at the fermi surface a model for which is proposed
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712.1195
Parton correlation functions and factorization in deep inelastic scattering
We outline the basic properties of a pertubative QCD factorization formalism that maintains exact over-all kinematics in both the initial and final states. Such a treatment requires the use of non-perturbative factors that depend on all components of parton four-momentum. These objects are referred to as parton correlation functions. We describe the complications faced in defining parton correlation functions and discuss recent progress. Emphasis is placed on the need for precise operator definitions in a complete derivation of factorization.
hep-ph
we outline the basic properties of a pertubative qcd factorization formalism that maintains exact overall kinematics in both the initial and final states such a treatment requires the use of nonperturbative factors that depend on all components of parton fourmomentum these objects are referred to as parton correlation functions we describe the complications faced in defining parton correlation functions and discuss recent progress emphasis is placed on the need for precise operator definitions in a complete derivation of factorization
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712.1196
Simple de Sitter Solutions
We present a framework for de Sitter model building in type IIA string theory, illustrated with specific examples. We find metastable dS minima of the potential for moduli obtained from a compactification on a product of two Nil three-manifolds (which have negative scalar curvature) combined with orientifolds, branes, fractional Chern-Simons forms, and fluxes. As a discrete quantum number is taken large, the curvature, field strengths, inverse volume, and four dimensional string coupling become parametrically small, and the de Sitter Hubble scale can be tuned parametrically smaller than the scales of the moduli, KK, and winding mode masses. A subtle point in the construction is that although the curvature remains consistently weak, the circle fibers of the nilmanifolds become very small in this limit (though this is avoided in illustrative solutions at modest values of the parameters). In the simplest version of the construction, the heaviest moduli masses are parametrically of the same order as the lightest KK and winding masses. However, we provide a method for separating these marginally overlapping scales, and more generally the underlying supersymmetry of the model protects against large corrections to the low-energy moduli potential.
hep-th
we present a framework for de sitter model building in type iia string theory illustrated with specific examples we find metastable ds minima of the potential for moduli obtained from a compactification on a product of two nil threemanifolds which have negative scalar curvature combined with orientifolds branes fractional chernsimons forms and fluxes as a discrete quantum number is taken large the curvature field strengths inverse volume and four dimensional string coupling become parametrically small and the de sitter hubble scale can be tuned parametrically smaller than the scales of the moduli kk and winding mode masses a subtle point in the construction is that although the curvature remains consistently weak the circle fibers of the nilmanifolds become very small in this limit though this is avoided in illustrative solutions at modest values of the parameters in the simplest version of the construction the heaviest moduli masses are parametrically of the same order as the lightest kk and winding masses however we provide a method for separating these marginally overlapping scales and more generally the underlying supersymmetry of the model protects against large corrections to the lowenergy moduli potential
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712.1197
Manipulation of single-photon states encoded in transverse spatial modes: possible and impossible tasks
Controlled generation and manipulation of photon states encoded in their spatial degrees of freedom is a crucial ingredient in many quantum information tasks exploiting higher-than-two dimensional encoding. Here, we prove the impossibility to arbitrarily modify $d$-level state superpositions (qu$d$its) for $d>2$, encoded in the transverse modes of light, with optical components associated to the group of symplectic transforms (Gaussian operations). Surprisingly, we also provide an explicit construction of how non-Gaussian operations acting on mode subspaces do enable to overcome the limit $d=2$. In addition, this set of operations realizes the full SU(3) algebra.
quant-ph physics.optics
controlled generation and manipulation of photon states encoded in their spatial degrees of freedom is a crucial ingredient in many quantum information tasks exploiting higherthantwo dimensional encoding here we prove the impossibility to arbitrarily modify dlevel state superpositions qudits for d2 encoded in the transverse modes of light with optical components associated to the group of symplectic transforms gaussian operations surprisingly we also provide an explicit construction of how nongaussian operations acting on mode subspaces do enable to overcome the limit d2 in addition this set of operations realizes the full su3 algebra
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712.1198
Gamma-entropy cost for scalar conservation laws
We are concerned with a control problem related to the vanishing viscosity approximation to scalar conservation laws. We investigate the $\Gamma$-convergence of the control cost functional, as the viscosity coefficient tends to zero. A first order $\Gamma$-limit is established, which characterizes the measure-valued solutions to the conservation laws as the zeros of the $\Gamma$-limit. A second order $\Gamma$-limit is then investigated, providing a characterization of entropic solutions to conservation laws as the zeros of the $\Gamma$-limit.
math.AP math.FA
we are concerned with a control problem related to the vanishing viscosity approximation to scalar conservation laws we investigate the gammaconvergence of the control cost functional as the viscosity coefficient tends to zero a first order gammalimit is established which characterizes the measurevalued solutions to the conservation laws as the zeros of the gammalimit a second order gammalimit is then investigated providing a characterization of entropic solutions to conservation laws as the zeros of the gammalimit
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712.1199
A model of non-perturbative gluon emission in an initial state parton shower
We consider a model of transverse momentum production in which non-perturbative smearing takes place throughout the perturbative evolution, by a simple modification to an initial state parton shower algorithm. Using this as the important non-perturbative ingredient, we get a good fit to data over a wide range of energy. Combining it with the non-perturbative masses and cutoffs that are a feature of conventional parton showers also leads to a reasonable fit. We discuss the extrapolation to the LHC.
hep-ph
we consider a model of transverse momentum production in which nonperturbative smearing takes place throughout the perturbative evolution by a simple modification to an initial state parton shower algorithm using this as the important nonperturbative ingredient we get a good fit to data over a wide range of energy combining it with the nonperturbative masses and cutoffs that are a feature of conventional parton showers also leads to a reasonable fit we discuss the extrapolation to the lhc
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712.12
Hard X-ray flares in IGR J08408-4503 unveil clumpy stellar winds
Context : A 1000-s flare from a new hard X-ray transient, IGR J08408-4503, was observed by INTEGRAL on May 15, 2006 during the real-time routine monitoring of IBIS/ISGRI images performed at the INTEGRAL Science Data Centre. The flare, detected during a single one-hour long pointing, peaked at 250 mCrab in the 20-40 keV energy range. Aims : Multi-wavelength observations, combining high-energy and optical data, were used to unveil the nature of IGR J08408-4503. Methods : A search in all INTEGRAL public data for other bursts from IGR J08408-4503 was performed, and the detailed analysis of another major flare is presented. The results of two Swift Target of Opportunity observations are also described. Finally, a study of the likely optical counterpart, HD 74194, is provided. Results : IGR J08408-4503 is very likely a supergiant fast X-ray transient (SFXT) system. The system parameters indicate that the X-ray flares are probably related to the accretion of wind clumps on a compact object orbiting about 1E13 cm from the supergiant HD 74194. The clump mass loss rate is of the order of 1E-6 solar mass/yr. Conclusions : Hard X-ray flares from SFXTs allow to probe the stellar winds of massive stars, and could possibly be associated with wind perturbations due to line-driven instabilities.
astro-ph
context a 1000s flare from a new hard xray transient igr j084084503 was observed by integral on may 15 2006 during the realtime routine monitoring of ibisisgri images performed at the integral science data centre the flare detected during a single onehour long pointing peaked at 250 mcrab in the 2040 kev energy range aims multiwavelength observations combining highenergy and optical data were used to unveil the nature of igr j084084503 methods a search in all integral public data for other bursts from igr j084084503 was performed and the detailed analysis of another major flare is presented the results of two swift target of opportunity observations are also described finally a study of the likely optical counterpart hd 74194 is provided results igr j084084503 is very likely a supergiant fast xray transient sfxt system the system parameters indicate that the xray flares are probably related to the accretion of wind clumps on a compact object orbiting about 1e13 cm from the supergiant hd 74194 the clump mass loss rate is of the order of 1e6 solar massyr conclusions hard xray flares from sfxts allow to probe the stellar winds of massive stars and could possibly be associated with wind perturbations due to linedriven instabilities
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712.1201
Four-dimensional graphene and chiral fermions
Motivated by the description of the graphene electronic structure in terms of the relativistic Dirac equation, a generalization to four dimensions yields a strictly local fermion action describing two species and possessing an exact chiral symmetry. This is the minimum number of species required by the well known ``no-go'' theorems.
hep-lat cond-mat.other
motivated by the description of the graphene electronic structure in terms of the relativistic dirac equation a generalization to four dimensions yields a strictly local fermion action describing two species and possessing an exact chiral symmetry this is the minimum number of species required by the well known nogo theorems
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712.1202
Modelling the spectral energy distribution of ULIRGs II: The energetic environment and the dense interstellar medium
We fit the near-infrared to radio spectral energy distributions of 30 luminous and ultra-luminous infrared galaxies with pure starburst models or models that include both starburst and AGN components to determine important physical parameters for this population of objects. In particular we constrain the optical depth towards the luminosity source, the star formation rate, the star formation efficiency and the AGN fraction. We find that although about half of our sample have best-fit models that include an AGN component, only 30% have an AGN which accounts for more than 10% of the infrared luminosity, whereas all have an energetically dominant starburst. Our derived AGN fractions are generally in good agreement other measurements based in the mid-infrared line ratios measured by Spitzer IRS, but lower than those derived from PAH equivalent widths or the mid-infrared spectral slope. Our models determine the mass of dense molecular gas via the extinction required to reproduce the SED. Assuming that this mass is that traced by HCN, we reproduce the observed linear relation between HCN and infrared luminosities found by Gao & Solomon. We also find that the star formation efficiency, defined as the current star formation rate per unit of dense molecular gas mass, is enhanced in the ULIRGs phase. If the evolution of ULIRGs includes a phase in which an AGN contributes an important fraction to the infrared luminosity, this phase should last an order of magnitude less time than the starburst phase. Because the mass of dense molecular gas which we derive is consistent with observations of the HCN molecule,it should be possible to estimate the mass of dense, star-forming molecular gas in such objects when molecular line data are not available.
astro-ph
we fit the nearinfrared to radio spectral energy distributions of 30 luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies with pure starburst models or models that include both starburst and agn components to determine important physical parameters for this population of objects in particular we constrain the optical depth towards the luminosity source the star formation rate the star formation efficiency and the agn fraction we find that although about half of our sample have bestfit models that include an agn component only 30 have an agn which accounts for more than 10 of the infrared luminosity whereas all have an energetically dominant starburst our derived agn fractions are generally in good agreement other measurements based in the midinfrared line ratios measured by spitzer irs but lower than those derived from pah equivalent widths or the midinfrared spectral slope our models determine the mass of dense molecular gas via the extinction required to reproduce the sed assuming that this mass is that traced by hcn we reproduce the observed linear relation between hcn and infrared luminosities found by gao solomon we also find that the star formation efficiency defined as the current star formation rate per unit of dense molecular gas mass is enhanced in the ulirgs phase if the evolution of ulirgs includes a phase in which an agn contributes an important fraction to the infrared luminosity this phase should last an order of magnitude less time than the starburst phase because the mass of dense molecular gas which we derive is consistent with observations of the hcn moleculeit should be possible to estimate the mass of dense starforming molecular gas in such objects when molecular line data are not available
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712.1203
On the Properties of Plastic Ablators in Laser-Driven Material Dynamics Experiments
Radiation hydrodynamics simulations were used to study the effect of plastic ablators in laser-driven shock experiments. The sensitivity to composition and equation of state was found to be 5-10% in ablation pressure. As was found for metals, a laser pulse of constant irradiance gave a pressure history which decreased by several percent per nanosecond. The pressure history could be made more constant by adjusting the irradiance history. The impedance mismatch with the sample gave an increase o(100%) in the pressure transmitted into the sample, for a reduction of several tens of percent in the duration of the peak load applied to the sample, and structured the release history by adding a release step to a pressure close to the ablation pressure. Algebraic relations were found between the laser pulse duration, the ablator thickness, and the duration of the peak pressure applied to the sample, involving quantities calculated from the equations of state of the ablator and sample using shock dynamics.
cond-mat.other cond-mat.mtrl-sci
radiation hydrodynamics simulations were used to study the effect of plastic ablators in laserdriven shock experiments the sensitivity to composition and equation of state was found to be 510 in ablation pressure as was found for metals a laser pulse of constant irradiance gave a pressure history which decreased by several percent per nanosecond the pressure history could be made more constant by adjusting the irradiance history the impedance mismatch with the sample gave an increase o100 in the pressure transmitted into the sample for a reduction of several tens of percent in the duration of the peak load applied to the sample and structured the release history by adding a release step to a pressure close to the ablation pressure algebraic relations were found between the laser pulse duration the ablator thickness and the duration of the peak pressure applied to the sample involving quantities calculated from the equations of state of the ablator and sample using shock dynamics
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712.1204
Kinematic Constraints on Formation of Bound States of Cosmic Strings - Field Theoretical Approach
Superstring theory predicts the potential formation of string networks with bound states ending in junctions. Kinematic constraints for junction formation have been derived within the Nambu-Goto thin string approximation. Here we test these constraints numerically in the framework of the Abelian-Higgs model in the Type-I regime and report on good agreement with the analytical predictions. We also demonstrate that strings can effectively pass through each other when they meet at speeds slightly above the critical velocity permitting bound state formation. This is due to reconnection effects that are beyond the scope of the Nambu-Goto approximation.
hep-th astro-ph hep-ph
superstring theory predicts the potential formation of string networks with bound states ending in junctions kinematic constraints for junction formation have been derived within the nambugoto thin string approximation here we test these constraints numerically in the framework of the abelianhiggs model in the typei regime and report on good agreement with the analytical predictions we also demonstrate that strings can effectively pass through each other when they meet at speeds slightly above the critical velocity permitting bound state formation this is due to reconnection effects that are beyond the scope of the nambugoto approximation
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712.1205
Lambda-RBAC: Programming with Role-Based Access Control
We study mechanisms that permit program components to express role constraints on clients, focusing on programmatic security mechanisms, which permit access controls to be expressed, in situ, as part of the code realizing basic functionality. In this setting, two questions immediately arise: (1) The user of a component faces the issue of safety: is a particular role sufficient to use the component? (2) The component designer faces the dual issue of protection: is a particular role demanded in all execution paths of the component? We provide a formal calculus and static analysis to answer both questions.
cs.PL cs.CR
we study mechanisms that permit program components to express role constraints on clients focusing on programmatic security mechanisms which permit access controls to be expressed in situ as part of the code realizing basic functionality in this setting two questions immediately arise 1 the user of a component faces the issue of safety is a particular role sufficient to use the component 2 the component designer faces the dual issue of protection is a particular role demanded in all execution paths of the component we provide a formal calculus and static analysis to answer both questions
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712.1206
Proton Decay and Flavor Violating Thresholds in SO(10) Models
Discovery of neutrino mass has put the spotlight on supersymmetric SO(10) as a natural candidate for grand unification of forces and matter. However, the suppression of proton decay is a major problem in any supersymmetric grand unified models. In this paper we show how to alleviate this problem by simple threshold effect which raises the colored Higgsino masses and the grand unification scale to \gtrsim 10^{17} GeV. There exist only four types of fields arising from different SO(10) representations which can generate this kind of threshold effects. Some of these fields also generate a sizable flavor violation in the quark sector compared to the lepton sector. The b-\tau unification can work in these types of models even for intermediate values of tan\beta.
hep-ph
discovery of neutrino mass has put the spotlight on supersymmetric so10 as a natural candidate for grand unification of forces and matter however the suppression of proton decay is a major problem in any supersymmetric grand unified models in this paper we show how to alleviate this problem by simple threshold effect which raises the colored higgsino masses and the grand unification scale to gtrsim 1017 gev there exist only four types of fields arising from different so10 representations which can generate this kind of threshold effects some of these fields also generate a sizable flavor violation in the quark sector compared to the lepton sector the btau unification can work in these types of models even for intermediate values of tanbeta
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712.1207
Light nuclei from chiral EFT interactions
Recent developments in nuclear theory allow us to make a connection between quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and low-energy nuclear physics. First, chiral effective field theory (chiEFT) provides a natural hierarchy to define two-nucleon (NN), three-nucleon (NNN), and even four-nucleon interactions. Second, ab initio methods have been developed capable to test these interactions for light nuclei. In this contribution, we discuss ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM) calculations for s-shell and p-shell nuclei with NN and NNN interactions derived within chiEFT.
nucl-th
recent developments in nuclear theory allow us to make a connection between quantum chromodynamics qcd and lowenergy nuclear physics first chiral effective field theory chieft provides a natural hierarchy to define twonucleon nn threenucleon nnn and even fournucleon interactions second ab initio methods have been developed capable to test these interactions for light nuclei in this contribution we discuss ab initio nocore shell model ncsm calculations for sshell and pshell nuclei with nn and nnn interactions derived within chieft
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712.1208
Quantum covariance, quantum Fisher information and the uncertainty principle
In this paper the relation between quantum covariances and quantum Fisher informations are studied. This study is applied to generalize a recently proved uncertainty relation based on quantum Fisher information. The proof given hereconsiderably simplifies the previously proposed proofs and leads to more general inequalities.
math-ph math.MP
in this paper the relation between quantum covariances and quantum fisher informations are studied this study is applied to generalize a recently proved uncertainty relation based on quantum fisher information the proof given hereconsiderably simplifies the previously proposed proofs and leads to more general inequalities
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712.1209
Towards an S-matrix Description of Gravitational Collapse
Extending our previous results on trans-Planckian ($Gs \gg \hbar$) scattering of light particles in quantum string-gravity we present a calculation of the corresponding S-matrix from the region of large impact parameters ($b \gg G\sqrt{s}>\lambda_s$) down to the regime where classical gravitational collapse is expected to occur. By solving the semiclassical equations of a previously introduced effective-action approximation, we find that the perturbative expansion around the leading eikonal result diverges at a critical value $b = b_c = O(G\sqrt{s})$, signalling the onset of a new (black-hole related?) regime. We then discuss the main features of our explicitly unitary S-matrix -- and of the associated effective metric -- down to (and in the vicinity of) $b = b_c$, and present some ideas and results on its extension all the way to the $ b \to 0$ region. We find that for $b<b_c$ the physical field solutions are complex-valued and the S-matrix shows additional absorption, related to a new production mechanism. The field solutions themselves are, surprisingly, everywhere regular, suggesting a quantum-tunneling -- rather than a singular-geometry -- situation.
hep-th
extending our previous results on transplanckian gs gg hbar scattering of light particles in quantum stringgravity we present a calculation of the corresponding smatrix from the region of large impact parameters b gg gsqrtslambda_s down to the regime where classical gravitational collapse is expected to occur by solving the semiclassical equations of a previously introduced effectiveaction approximation we find that the perturbative expansion around the leading eikonal result diverges at a critical value b b_c ogsqrts signalling the onset of a new blackhole related regime we then discuss the main features of our explicitly unitary smatrix and of the associated effective metric down to and in the vicinity of b b_c and present some ideas and results on its extension all the way to the b to 0 region we find that for bb_c the physical field solutions are complexvalued and the smatrix shows additional absorption related to a new production mechanism the field solutions themselves are surprisingly everywhere regular suggesting a quantumtunneling rather than a singulargeometry situation
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712.121
Velocity and Distribution of Primordial Neutrinos
The Cosmic Neutrinos Background (\textbf{CNB}) are Primordial Neutrinos decoupled when the Universe was very young. Its detection is complicated, especially if we take into account neutrino mass and a possible breaking of Lorentz Invariance at high energy, but has a fundamental relevance to study the Big-Bang. In this paper, we will see that a Lorentz Violation does not produce important modification, but the mass does. We will show how the neutrinos current velocity, with respect to comobile system to Universe expansion, is of the order of 1065 $[\frac{km}{s}]$, much less than light velocity. Besides, we will see that the neutrinos distribution is complex due to Planetary motion. This prediction differs totally from the usual massless case, where we would get a correction similar to the Dipolar Moment of the \textbf{CMB}.
astro-ph
the cosmic neutrinos background textbfcnb are primordial neutrinos decoupled when the universe was very young its detection is complicated especially if we take into account neutrino mass and a possible breaking of lorentz invariance at high energy but has a fundamental relevance to study the bigbang in this paper we will see that a lorentz violation does not produce important modification but the mass does we will show how the neutrinos current velocity with respect to comobile system to universe expansion is of the order of 1065 frackms much less than light velocity besides we will see that the neutrinos distribution is complex due to planetary motion this prediction differs totally from the usual massless case where we would get a correction similar to the dipolar moment of the textbfcmb
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712.1211
Quantum Algorithms and Complexity for Continuous Problems
Most continuous mathematical formulations arising in science and engineering can only be solved numerically and therefore approximately. We shall always assume that we're dealing with a numerical approximation to the solution. There are two major motivations for studying quantum algorithms and complexity for continuous problems. 1. Are quantum computers more powerful than classical computers for important scientific problems? How much more powerful? 2. Many important scientific and engineering problems have continuous formulations. To answer the first question we must know the classical computational complexity of the problem. Knowing the classical complexity of a continuous problem we obtain the quantum computation speedup if we know the quantum complexity. If we know an upper bound on the quantum complexity through the cost of a particular quantum algorithm then we can obtain a lower bound on the quantum speedup. Regarding the second motivation, in this article we'll report on high-dimensional integration, path integration, Feynman path integration, the smallest eigenvalue of a differential equation, approximation, partial differential equations, ordinary differential equations and gradient estimation. We'll also briefly report on the simulation of quantum systems on a quantum computer.
quant-ph
most continuous mathematical formulations arising in science and engineering can only be solved numerically and therefore approximately we shall always assume that were dealing with a numerical approximation to the solution there are two major motivations for studying quantum algorithms and complexity for continuous problems 1 are quantum computers more powerful than classical computers for important scientific problems how much more powerful 2 many important scientific and engineering problems have continuous formulations to answer the first question we must know the classical computational complexity of the problem knowing the classical complexity of a continuous problem we obtain the quantum computation speedup if we know the quantum complexity if we know an upper bound on the quantum complexity through the cost of a particular quantum algorithm then we can obtain a lower bound on the quantum speedup regarding the second motivation in this article well report on highdimensional integration path integration feynman path integration the smallest eigenvalue of a differential equation approximation partial differential equations ordinary differential equations and gradient estimation well also briefly report on the simulation of quantum systems on a quantum computer
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712.1212
Gravitational settling of 22Ne and white dwarf evolution
We study the effects of the sedimentation of the trace element 22Ne in the cooling of white dwarfs. In contrast with previous studies, which adopted a simplified treatment of the effects of 22Ne sedimentation, this is done self-consistently for the first time, using an up-to-date stellar evolutionary code in which the diffusion equation is coupled with the full set of equations of stellar evolution. Due the large neutron excess of 22Ne, this isotope rapidly sediments in the interior of the white dwarf. Although we explore a wide range of parameters, we find that using the most reasonable assumptions concerning the diffusion coefficient and the physical state of the white dwarf interior the delay introduced by the ensuing chemical differentation is minor for a typical 0.6 Msun white dwarf. For more massive white dwarfs, say M_Wd about 1.0 Msun, the delay turns out to be considerably larger. These results are in qualitatively good accord with those obtained in previous studies, but we find that the magnitude of the delay introduced by 22Ne sedimentation was underestimated by a factor of about 2. We also perform a preliminary study of the impact of 22Ne sedimentation on the white dwarf luminosity function. Finally, we hypothesize as well on the possibility of detecting the sedimentation of 22Ne using pulsating white dwarfs in the appropriate effective temperature range with accurately determined rates of change of the observed periods.
astro-ph
we study the effects of the sedimentation of the trace element 22ne in the cooling of white dwarfs in contrast with previous studies which adopted a simplified treatment of the effects of 22ne sedimentation this is done selfconsistently for the first time using an uptodate stellar evolutionary code in which the diffusion equation is coupled with the full set of equations of stellar evolution due the large neutron excess of 22ne this isotope rapidly sediments in the interior of the white dwarf although we explore a wide range of parameters we find that using the most reasonable assumptions concerning the diffusion coefficient and the physical state of the white dwarf interior the delay introduced by the ensuing chemical differentation is minor for a typical 06 msun white dwarf for more massive white dwarfs say m_wd about 10 msun the delay turns out to be considerably larger these results are in qualitatively good accord with those obtained in previous studies but we find that the magnitude of the delay introduced by 22ne sedimentation was underestimated by a factor of about 2 we also perform a preliminary study of the impact of 22ne sedimentation on the white dwarf luminosity function finally we hypothesize as well on the possibility of detecting the sedimentation of 22ne using pulsating white dwarfs in the appropriate effective temperature range with accurately determined rates of change of the observed periods
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712.1213
Relaxation phenomena at criticality
The collective behaviour of statistical systems close to critical points is characterized by an extremely slow dynamics which, in the thermodynamic limit, eventually prevents them from relaxing to an equilibrium state after a change in the thermodynamic control parameters. The non-equilibrium evolution following this change displays some of the features typically observed in glassy materials, such as ageing, and it can be monitored via dynamic susceptibilities and correlation functions of the order parameter, the scaling behaviour of which is characterized by universal exponents, scaling functions, and amplitude ratios. This universality allows one to calculate these quantities in suitable simplified models and field-theoretical methods are a natural and viable approach for this analysis. In addition, if a statistical system is spatially confined, universal Casimir-like forces acting on the confining surfaces emerge and they build up in time when the temperature of the system is tuned to its critical value. We review here some of the theoretical results that have been obtained in recent years for universal quantities, such as the fluctuation-dissipation ratio, associated with the non-equilibrium critical dynamics, with particular focus on the Ising model with Glauber dynamics in the bulk. The non-equilibrium dynamics of the Casimir force acting in a film is discussed within the Gaussian model.
cond-mat.stat-mech
the collective behaviour of statistical systems close to critical points is characterized by an extremely slow dynamics which in the thermodynamic limit eventually prevents them from relaxing to an equilibrium state after a change in the thermodynamic control parameters the nonequilibrium evolution following this change displays some of the features typically observed in glassy materials such as ageing and it can be monitored via dynamic susceptibilities and correlation functions of the order parameter the scaling behaviour of which is characterized by universal exponents scaling functions and amplitude ratios this universality allows one to calculate these quantities in suitable simplified models and fieldtheoretical methods are a natural and viable approach for this analysis in addition if a statistical system is spatially confined universal casimirlike forces acting on the confining surfaces emerge and they build up in time when the temperature of the system is tuned to its critical value we review here some of the theoretical results that have been obtained in recent years for universal quantities such as the fluctuationdissipation ratio associated with the nonequilibrium critical dynamics with particular focus on the ising model with glauber dynamics in the bulk the nonequilibrium dynamics of the casimir force acting in a film is discussed within the gaussian model
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712.1214
First Calculation of Hyperon Axial Couplings from Lattice QCD
In this work, we report the first lattice calculation of hyperon axial couplings, using the 2+1-flavor MILC configurations and domain-wall fermion valence quarks. Both the $\Sigma$ and $\Xi$ axial couplings are computed for the first time in lattice QCD. In particular we find that $g_{\Sigma\Sigma} = 0.450(21)_{\rm stat}(27)_{\rm syst}$ and $g_{\Xi\Xi} = -0.277(15)_{\rm stat}(19)_{\rm syst}$.
hep-lat
in this work we report the first lattice calculation of hyperon axial couplings using the 21flavor milc configurations and domainwall fermion valence quarks both the sigma and xi axial couplings are computed for the first time in lattice qcd in particular we find that g_sigmasigma 045021_rm stat27_rm syst and g_xixi 027715_rm stat19_rm syst
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712.1215
On the geometry and the moduli space of beta-deformed quiver gauge theories
We consider a class of super-conformal beta-deformed N=1 gauge theories dual to string theory on $AdS_5 \times X$ with fluxes, where $X$ is a deformed Sasaki-Einstein manifold. The supergravity backgrounds are explicit examples of Generalised Calabi-Yau manifolds: the cone over $X$ admits an integrable generalised complex structure in terms of which the BPS sector of the gauge theory can be described. The moduli spaces of the deformed toric N=1 gauge theories are studied on a number of examples and are in agreement with the moduli spaces of D3 and D5 static and dual giant probes.
hep-th
we consider a class of superconformal betadeformed n1 gauge theories dual to string theory on ads_5 times x with fluxes where x is a deformed sasakieinstein manifold the supergravity backgrounds are explicit examples of generalised calabiyau manifolds the cone over x admits an integrable generalised complex structure in terms of which the bps sector of the gauge theory can be described the moduli spaces of the deformed toric n1 gauge theories are studied on a number of examples and are in agreement with the moduli spaces of d3 and d5 static and dual giant probes
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712.1216
Revisiting the deconfinement phase transition in SU(4) Yang-Mills theory in 2+1 dimensions
In order to deepen our understanding of the nature of the deconfinement phase transition for various gauge groups, we investigate SU(4) Yang-Mills theory in 2+1 dimensions. We find that the transition is weakly first order. We perform extensive Monte Carlo simulations on lattices with temporal extent N_t = 3, 4 and 5, and spatial sizes up to N_s = 20 N_t. We observe coexistence of confined and deconfined phases at the critical temperature, and finite-size scaling shows consistency with first order exponents. The continuum extrapolation of the latent heat yields L_h/T_c^3=0.188(17).
hep-lat
in order to deepen our understanding of the nature of the deconfinement phase transition for various gauge groups we investigate su4 yangmills theory in 21 dimensions we find that the transition is weakly first order we perform extensive monte carlo simulations on lattices with temporal extent n_t 3 4 and 5 and spatial sizes up to n_s 20 n_t we observe coexistence of confined and deconfined phases at the critical temperature and finitesize scaling shows consistency with first order exponents the continuum extrapolation of the latent heat yields l_ht_c3018817
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712.1217
Generalized statistical models of voids and hierarchical structure in cosmology
Generalized statistical models of voids and hierarchical structure in cosmology are developed. The often quoted negative binomial model and frequently used thermodynamic model are shown to be special cases of a more general distribution which contains a parameter "a". The parameter is related to the Levy index alpha and the Fisher critical exponent tau, the latter describing the power law fall off of clumps of matter around a phase transition. The parameter"a", exponent tau, or index alpha can be obtained from properties of a void scaling function. A stochastic probability variable "p" is introduced into a statistical model which represent the adhesive growth of galaxy structure. For p<1/2, the galaxy count distribution decays exponential fast with size. For p>1/2, an adhesive growth can go on indefinitely thereby forming an infinite supercluster. At p=1/2 a scale free power law distribution for the galaxy count distribution is present. The stochastic description also leads to consequences that have some parallels with cosmic string results, percolation theory and phase transitions.
astro-ph nucl-th
generalized statistical models of voids and hierarchical structure in cosmology are developed the often quoted negative binomial model and frequently used thermodynamic model are shown to be special cases of a more general distribution which contains a parameter a the parameter is related to the levy index alpha and the fisher critical exponent tau the latter describing the power law fall off of clumps of matter around a phase transition the parametera exponent tau or index alpha can be obtained from properties of a void scaling function a stochastic probability variable p is introduced into a statistical model which represent the adhesive growth of galaxy structure for p12 the galaxy count distribution decays exponential fast with size for p12 an adhesive growth can go on indefinitely thereby forming an infinite supercluster at p12 a scale free power law distribution for the galaxy count distribution is present the stochastic description also leads to consequences that have some parallels with cosmic string results percolation theory and phase transitions
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712.1218
The $\overline\partial$-cohomology groups, holomorphic Morse inequalities, and finite type conditions
We study spectral behavior of the complex Laplacian on forms with values in the $k^{\text{th}}$ tensor power of a holomorphic line bundle over a smoothly bounded domain with degenerated boundary in a complex manifold. In particular, we prove that in the two dimensional case, a pseudoconvex domain is of finite type if and only if for any positive constant $C$, the number of eigenvalues of the $\overline\partial$-Neumann Laplacian less than or equal to $Ck$ grows polynomially as $k$ tends to infinity.
math.CV math.DG
we study spectral behavior of the complex laplacian on forms with values in the ktextth tensor power of a holomorphic line bundle over a smoothly bounded domain with degenerated boundary in a complex manifold in particular we prove that in the two dimensional case a pseudoconvex domain is of finite type if and only if for any positive constant c the number of eigenvalues of the overlinepartialneumann laplacian less than or equal to ck grows polynomially as k tends to infinity
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712.1219
Locality and low-dimensions in the prediction of natural experience from fMRI
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides dynamical access into the complex functioning of the human brain, detailing the hemodynamic activity of thousands of voxels during hundreds of sequential time points. One approach towards illuminating the connection between fMRI and cognitive function is through decoding; how do the time series of voxel activities combine to provide information about internal and external experience? Here we seek models of fMRI decoding which are balanced between the simplicity of their interpretation and the effectiveness of their prediction. We use signals from a subject immersed in virtual reality to compare global and local methods of prediction applying both linear and nonlinear techniques of dimensionality reduction. We find that the prediction of complex stimuli is remarkably low-dimensional, saturating with less than 100 features. In particular, we build effective models based on the decorrelated components of cognitive activity in the classically-defined Brodmann areas. For some of the stimuli, the top predictive areas were surprisingly transparent, including Wernicke's area for verbal instructions, visual cortex for facial and body features, and visual-temporal regions for velocity. Direct sensory experience resulted in the most robust predictions, with the highest correlation ($c \sim 0.8$) between the predicted and experienced time series of verbal instructions. Techniques based on non-linear dimensionality reduction (Laplacian eigenmaps) performed similarly. The interpretability and relative simplicity of our approach provides a conceptual basis upon which to build more sophisticated techniques for fMRI decoding and offers a window into cognitive function during dynamic, natural experience.
q-bio.NC stat.ML
functional magnetic resonance imaging fmri provides dynamical access into the complex functioning of the human brain detailing the hemodynamic activity of thousands of voxels during hundreds of sequential time points one approach towards illuminating the connection between fmri and cognitive function is through decoding how do the time series of voxel activities combine to provide information about internal and external experience here we seek models of fmri decoding which are balanced between the simplicity of their interpretation and the effectiveness of their prediction we use signals from a subject immersed in virtual reality to compare global and local methods of prediction applying both linear and nonlinear techniques of dimensionality reduction we find that the prediction of complex stimuli is remarkably lowdimensional saturating with less than 100 features in particular we build effective models based on the decorrelated components of cognitive activity in the classicallydefined brodmann areas for some of the stimuli the top predictive areas were surprisingly transparent including wernickes area for verbal instructions visual cortex for facial and body features and visualtemporal regions for velocity direct sensory experience resulted in the most robust predictions with the highest correlation c sim 08 between the predicted and experienced time series of verbal instructions techniques based on nonlinear dimensionality reduction laplacian eigenmaps performed similarly the interpretability and relative simplicity of our approach provides a conceptual basis upon which to build more sophisticated techniques for fmri decoding and offers a window into cognitive function during dynamic natural experience
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712.122
On the Evolution of and High-Energy Emission from GHz-Peaked-Spectrum Sources
Here we discuss evolution and broad-band emission of compact (< kpc) lobes in young radio sources. We propose a simple dynamical description for these objects, consisting of a relativistic jet propagating into a uniform gaseous medium in the central parts of an elliptical host. In the framework of the proposed model, we follow the evolution of ultrarelativistic electrons injected from a terminal hotspot of a jet to expanding lobes, taking into account their adiabatic energy losses as well as radiative cooling. This allows us to discuss the broad-band lobe emission of young radio sources. In particular, we argue that the observed spectral turnover in the radio synchrotron spectra of these objects cannot originate from the synchrotron self-absorption process but is most likely due to free-free absorption effects connected with neutral clouds of interstellar medium engulfed by the expanding lobes and photoionized by active centers. We also find a relatively strong and complex high-energy emission component produced by inverse-Compton up-scattering of various surrounding photon fields by the lobes' electrons. We argue that such high energy radiation is strong enough to account for several observed properties of GHz-peaked-spectrum (GPS) radio galaxies at UV and X-ray frequencies. In addition, this emission is expected to extend up to GeV (or possibly even TeV) photon energies and can thus be probed by several modern gamma-ray instruments. In particular, we suggest that GPS radio galaxies should constitute a relatively numerous class of extragalactic sources detected by GLAST.
astro-ph
here we discuss evolution and broadband emission of compact kpc lobes in young radio sources we propose a simple dynamical description for these objects consisting of a relativistic jet propagating into a uniform gaseous medium in the central parts of an elliptical host in the framework of the proposed model we follow the evolution of ultrarelativistic electrons injected from a terminal hotspot of a jet to expanding lobes taking into account their adiabatic energy losses as well as radiative cooling this allows us to discuss the broadband lobe emission of young radio sources in particular we argue that the observed spectral turnover in the radio synchrotron spectra of these objects cannot originate from the synchrotron selfabsorption process but is most likely due to freefree absorption effects connected with neutral clouds of interstellar medium engulfed by the expanding lobes and photoionized by active centers we also find a relatively strong and complex highenergy emission component produced by inversecompton upscattering of various surrounding photon fields by the lobes electrons we argue that such high energy radiation is strong enough to account for several observed properties of ghzpeakedspectrum gps radio galaxies at uv and xray frequencies in addition this emission is expected to extend up to gev or possibly even tev photon energies and can thus be probed by several modern gammaray instruments in particular we suggest that gps radio galaxies should constitute a relatively numerous class of extragalactic sources detected by glast
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712.1221
Finite volume schemes on Lorentzian manifolds
We investigate the numerical approximation of (discontinuous) entropy solutions to nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws posed on a Lorentzian manifold. Our main result establishes the convergence of monotone and first-order finite volume schemes for a large class of (space and time) triangulations. The proof relies on a discrete version of entropy inequalities and an entropy dissipation bound, which take into account the manifold geometry accurately and generalize techniques and estimates that were known in the (flat) Euclidian setting, only. The strong convergence of the scheme then is then a consequence of the well-posed theory recently developed by Ben-Artzi and LeFloch for conservation laws on manifolds.
math.NA math.AP
we investigate the numerical approximation of discontinuous entropy solutions to nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws posed on a lorentzian manifold our main result establishes the convergence of monotone and firstorder finite volume schemes for a large class of space and time triangulations the proof relies on a discrete version of entropy inequalities and an entropy dissipation bound which take into account the manifold geometry accurately and generalize techniques and estimates that were known in the flat euclidian setting only the strong convergence of the scheme then is then a consequence of the wellposed theory recently developed by benartzi and lefloch for conservation laws on manifolds
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712.1222
Fractional quantum Hall effect and electron correlations in partially filled first excited Landau level
We present a quantitative study of most prominent incompressible quantum Hall states in the partially filled first excited Landau level (LL1) which have been recently studied experimentally by Choi et al. The pseudopotential describing the electron - electron interaction in LL1 is harmonic at short range. It produces a series of incompressible states which is different from its LL0 counterpart. The numerical data indicate that the most prominent states $\nu={5/2}$, 7/3, and 8/3 are not produced by Laughlin correlated electrons, but result from a tendency of electrons to form pairs or larger clusters which eventually become Laughlin correlated. States with smaller gaps at filling factors 14/5, 16/7, 11/5, 19/7 are Laughlin correlated electron or hole states and fit Jain's sequence of filled $\rm{CF}^4$ levels.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we present a quantitative study of most prominent incompressible quantum hall states in the partially filled first excited landau level ll1 which have been recently studied experimentally by choi et al the pseudopotential describing the electron electron interaction in ll1 is harmonic at short range it produces a series of incompressible states which is different from its ll0 counterpart the numerical data indicate that the most prominent states nu52 73 and 83 are not produced by laughlin correlated electrons but result from a tendency of electrons to form pairs or larger clusters which eventually become laughlin correlated states with smaller gaps at filling factors 145 167 115 197 are laughlin correlated electron or hole states and fit jains sequence of filled rmcf4 levels
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712.1223
Conformal Ward identities for Wilson loops and a test of the duality with gluon amplitudes
Planar gluon amplitudes in N=4 SYM are remarkably similar to expectation values of Wilson loops made of light-like segments. We argue that the latter can be determined by making use of the conformal symmetry of the gauge theory, broken by cusp anomalies. We derive the corresponding anomalous conformal Ward identities valid to all loops and show that they uniquely fix the form of the finite part of a Wilson loop with n cusps (up to an additive constant) for n=4 and n=5 and reduce the freedom in it to a function of conformal invariants for n>=6. We also present an explicit two-loop calculation for n=5. The result confirms the form predicted by the Ward identities and exactly matches the finite part of the two-loop five-gluon planar MHV amplitude. This constitutes another non-trivial test of the Wilson loop/gluon amplitude duality.
hep-th hep-ph
planar gluon amplitudes in n4 sym are remarkably similar to expectation values of wilson loops made of lightlike segments we argue that the latter can be determined by making use of the conformal symmetry of the gauge theory broken by cusp anomalies we derive the corresponding anomalous conformal ward identities valid to all loops and show that they uniquely fix the form of the finite part of a wilson loop with n cusps up to an additive constant for n4 and n5 and reduce the freedom in it to a function of conformal invariants for n6 we also present an explicit twoloop calculation for n5 the result confirms the form predicted by the ward identities and exactly matches the finite part of the twoloop fivegluon planar mhv amplitude this constitutes another nontrivial test of the wilson loopgluon amplitude duality
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712.1224
Evaluating the Utility of Anonymized Network Traces for Intrusion Detection
Anonymization is the process of removing or hiding sensitive information in logs. Anonymization allows organizations to share network logs while not exposing sensitive information. However, there is an inherent trade off between the amount of information revealed in the log and the usefulness of the log to the client (the utility of a log). There are many anonymization techniques, and there are many ways to anonymize a particular log (that is, which fields to anonymize and how). Different anonymization policies will result in logs with varying levels of utility for analysis. In this paper we explore the effect of different anonymization policies on logs. We provide an empirical analysis of the effect of varying anonymization policies by looking at the number of alerts generated by an Intrusion Detection System. This is the first work to thoroughly evaluate the effect of single field anonymization policies on a data set. Our main contributions are to determine a set of fields that have a large impact on the utility of a log.
cs.CR
anonymization is the process of removing or hiding sensitive information in logs anonymization allows organizations to share network logs while not exposing sensitive information however there is an inherent trade off between the amount of information revealed in the log and the usefulness of the log to the client the utility of a log there are many anonymization techniques and there are many ways to anonymize a particular log that is which fields to anonymize and how different anonymization policies will result in logs with varying levels of utility for analysis in this paper we explore the effect of different anonymization policies on logs we provide an empirical analysis of the effect of varying anonymization policies by looking at the number of alerts generated by an intrusion detection system this is the first work to thoroughly evaluate the effect of single field anonymization policies on a data set our main contributions are to determine a set of fields that have a large impact on the utility of a log
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712.1225
Massive states as the relevant deformations of gravitating branes
Five-dimensional theories manifesting spontaneous brane generation are discussed in a gravitational context. Without gravity, the IR dynamics of the brane fluctuation below the brane tension scale is described by an effective theory for the Nambu-Goldstone modes. When gravity is properly taken into account the long distance dynamics changes. The spontaneous breaking of local translational invariance triggers the formation of massive representations via the Higgs mechanism and induces the appearance of new mass scales in the IR. These scales can in principle depend on other fundamental parameters besides the brane tension and the Planck scale. In noncompact extra dimensions the massive states are found to be scalar bound states. We obtain explicit expressions for their propagator and show that their masses depend on the brane width and are thus much heavier than expected. We present an exactly solvable model which captures the main features of the gravitational system.
hep-th
fivedimensional theories manifesting spontaneous brane generation are discussed in a gravitational context without gravity the ir dynamics of the brane fluctuation below the brane tension scale is described by an effective theory for the nambugoldstone modes when gravity is properly taken into account the long distance dynamics changes the spontaneous breaking of local translational invariance triggers the formation of massive representations via the higgs mechanism and induces the appearance of new mass scales in the ir these scales can in principle depend on other fundamental parameters besides the brane tension and the planck scale in noncompact extra dimensions the massive states are found to be scalar bound states we obtain explicit expressions for their propagator and show that their masses depend on the brane width and are thus much heavier than expected we present an exactly solvable model which captures the main features of the gravitational system
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712.1226
Photometric properties of Local Volume dwarf galaxies
We present surface photometry and metallicity measurements for 104 nearby dwarf galaxies imaged with the Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. In addition, we carried out photometry for 26 galaxies of the sample and for Sextans B on images of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our sample comprises dwarf spheroidal, irregular and transition type galaxies located within ~10 Mpc in the field and in nearby groups: M81, Centaurus A, Sculptor, and Canes Venatici I cloud. It is found that the early-type galaxies have on average higher metallicity at a given luminosity in comparison to the late-type objects. Dwarf galaxies with M_B > -12 -- -13 mag deviate toward larger scale lengths from the scale length -- luminosity relation common for spiral galaxies, h \propto L^{0.5}_B. The following correlations between fundamental parameters of the galaxies are consistent with expectations if there is pronounced gas-loss through galactic winds: 1) between the luminosity of early-type dwarf galaxies and the mean metallicity of constituent red giant branch stars, Z ~ L^0.4, 2) between mean surface brightness within the 25 mag/sq.arcsec isophote and the corresponding absolute magnitude in the V and I bands, SB_25 ~ 0.3 M_25, and 3) between the central surface brightness (or effective surface brightness) and integrated absolute magnitude of galaxies in the V and I bands, SB_0 ~ 0.5 M_L, SB_e ~ 0.5 M_e. The knowledge of basic photometric parameters for a large sample of dwarf galaxies is essential for a better understanding of their evolution.
astro-ph
we present surface photometry and metallicity measurements for 104 nearby dwarf galaxies imaged with the advanced camera for surveys and wide field and planetary camera 2 aboard the hubble space telescope in addition we carried out photometry for 26 galaxies of the sample and for sextans b on images of the sloan digital sky survey our sample comprises dwarf spheroidal irregular and transition type galaxies located within 10 mpc in the field and in nearby groups m81 centaurus a sculptor and canes venatici i cloud it is found that the earlytype galaxies have on average higher metallicity at a given luminosity in comparison to the latetype objects dwarf galaxies with m_b 12 13 mag deviate toward larger scale lengths from the scale length luminosity relation common for spiral galaxies h propto l05_b the following correlations between fundamental parameters of the galaxies are consistent with expectations if there is pronounced gasloss through galactic winds 1 between the luminosity of earlytype dwarf galaxies and the mean metallicity of constituent red giant branch stars z l04 2 between mean surface brightness within the 25 magsqarcsec isophote and the corresponding absolute magnitude in the v and i bands sb_25 03 m_25 and 3 between the central surface brightness or effective surface brightness and integrated absolute magnitude of galaxies in the v and i bands sb_0 05 m_l sb_e 05 m_e the knowledge of basic photometric parameters for a large sample of dwarf galaxies is essential for a better understanding of their evolution
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712.1227
Effective Field Theories for Heavy Quarkonium
We briefly review how nonrelativistic effective field theories give us a definition of the QCD potentials and a coherent field theory derived quantum mechanical scheme to calculate the properties of bound states made by two or more heavy quarks. In this framework heavy quarkonium properties depend only on the QCD parameters (quark masses and $\als$) and nonpotential corrections are systematically accounted for. The relation between the form of the nonperturbative potentials and the low energy QCD dynamics is also discussed.
hep-ph hep-th nucl-th
we briefly review how nonrelativistic effective field theories give us a definition of the qcd potentials and a coherent field theory derived quantum mechanical scheme to calculate the properties of bound states made by two or more heavy quarks in this framework heavy quarkonium properties depend only on the qcd parameters quark masses and als and nonpotential corrections are systematically accounted for the relation between the form of the nonperturbative potentials and the low energy qcd dynamics is also discussed
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712.1228
Superinduction for pattern groups
It is well-known that the representation theory of the finite group of unipotent upper-triangular matrices $U_n$ over a finite field is a wild problem. By instead considering approximately irreducible representations (supercharacters), one obtains a rich combinatorial theory analogous to that of the symmetric group, where we replace partition combinatorics with set-partitions. This paper studies Diaconis--Isaacs' concept of superinduction in pattern groups. While superinduction shares many desirable properties with usual induction, it no longer takes characters to characters. We begin by finding sufficient conditions guaranteeing that super-induction is in fact induction. It turns out for natural embedding of $U_m$ in $U_n$, super-induction is induction. We conclude with an explicit combinatorial algorithm for computing this induction analogous to the Pieri-formulas for the symmetric group.
math.RT math.CO math.GR
it is wellknown that the representation theory of the finite group of unipotent uppertriangular matrices u_n over a finite field is a wild problem by instead considering approximately irreducible representations supercharacters one obtains a rich combinatorial theory analogous to that of the symmetric group where we replace partition combinatorics with setpartitions this paper studies diaconisisaacs concept of superinduction in pattern groups while superinduction shares many desirable properties with usual induction it no longer takes characters to characters we begin by finding sufficient conditions guaranteeing that superinduction is in fact induction it turns out for natural embedding of u_m in u_n superinduction is induction we conclude with an explicit combinatorial algorithm for computing this induction analogous to the pieriformulas for the symmetric group
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712.1229
Four Faint T Dwarfs from the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) Southern Stripe
We present the optical and near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy of four faint T dwarfs newly discovered from the UKIDSS first data release. The sample, drawn from an imaged area of ~136 square degrees to a depth of Y=19.9 (5-sigma, Vega), is located in the SDSS Southern Equatorial Stripe, a region of significant future deep imaging potential. We detail the selection and followup of these objects, three of which are spectroscopically confirmed brown dwarfs ranging from type T2.5 to T7.5, and one is photometrically identified as early T. Their magnitudes range from Y=19.01 to 19.88 with derived distances from 34 to 98 pc, making these among the coldest and faintest brown dwarfs known. The sample brings the total number of T dwarfs found or confirmed by UKIDSS data in this region to nine, and we discuss the projected numbers of dwarfs in the future survey data. We estimate that ~240 early- and late-T dwarfs are discoverable in the UKIDSS LAS data, falling significantly short of published model projections and suggesting that IMFs and/or birthrates may be at the low end of possible models. Thus, deeper optical data has good potential to exploit the UKIDSS survey depth more fully, but may still find the potential Y dwarf sample to be extremely rare.
astro-ph
we present the optical and nearinfrared photometry and spectroscopy of four faint t dwarfs newly discovered from the ukidss first data release the sample drawn from an imaged area of 136 square degrees to a depth of y199 5sigma vega is located in the sdss southern equatorial stripe a region of significant future deep imaging potential we detail the selection and followup of these objects three of which are spectroscopically confirmed brown dwarfs ranging from type t25 to t75 and one is photometrically identified as early t their magnitudes range from y1901 to 1988 with derived distances from 34 to 98 pc making these among the coldest and faintest brown dwarfs known the sample brings the total number of t dwarfs found or confirmed by ukidss data in this region to nine and we discuss the projected numbers of dwarfs in the future survey data we estimate that 240 early and latet dwarfs are discoverable in the ukidss las data falling significantly short of published model projections and suggesting that imfs andor birthrates may be at the low end of possible models thus deeper optical data has good potential to exploit the ukidss survey depth more fully but may still find the potential y dwarf sample to be extremely rare
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712.123
Standard Model Gauging of the WZW Term: Anomalies, Global Currents and pseudo-Chern-Simons Interactions
The standard model $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ gauging of the Wess-Zumino-Witten term requires a modified counterterm when background fields, needed to generate the full set of currents, are introduced. The modified counterterm plays an essential role in properly defining covariant global currents and their anomalies. For example, it is required in order to correctly derive the gauge invariant baryon number current and its anomalous divergence. The background fields can also be promoted to a description of the physical spin-1 vector and axial-vector mesons in QCD and the counterterm leads to novel interactions. These are (pseudo-) Chern-Simons terms, such as $\epsilon^{\mu\nu\rho\sigma} \omega_\mu Z_\nu \partial_\rho A_\sigma$ and $\epsilon^{\mu\nu\rho\sigma} \rho^{\pm}_\mu W^{\mp}_\nu \partial_\rho A_\sigma$ that mediate new interactions between neutrinos and photons at finite baryon density.
hep-th astro-ph hep-ph nucl-th
the standard model su2_ltimes u1_y gauging of the wesszuminowitten term requires a modified counterterm when background fields needed to generate the full set of currents are introduced the modified counterterm plays an essential role in properly defining covariant global currents and their anomalies for example it is required in order to correctly derive the gauge invariant baryon number current and its anomalous divergence the background fields can also be promoted to a description of the physical spin1 vector and axialvector mesons in qcd and the counterterm leads to novel interactions these are pseudo chernsimons terms such as epsilonmunurhosigma omega_mu z_nu partial_rho a_sigma and epsilonmunurhosigma rhopm_mu wmp_nu partial_rho a_sigma that mediate new interactions between neutrinos and photons at finite baryon density
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712.1231
Trajectory of virtual, bound and resonant Efimov states
The pole trajectory of Efimov states for a three-body $\alpha\alpha\beta$ system with $\alpha\alpha$ unbound and $\alpha\beta$ bound is calculated using a zero-range Dirac-$\delta$ potential. It is showed that a three-body bound state turns into a virtual one by increasing the $\alpha\beta$ binding energy. This result is consistent with previous results for three equal mass particles. The present approach considers the $n-n-^{18}C$ halo nucleus. However, the results have good perspective to be tested and applied in ultracold atomic systems, where one can realize such three-body configuration with tunable two-body interaction.
nucl-th
the pole trajectory of efimov states for a threebody alphaalphabeta system with alphaalpha unbound and alphabeta bound is calculated using a zerorange diracdelta potential it is showed that a threebody bound state turns into a virtual one by increasing the alphabeta binding energy this result is consistent with previous results for three equal mass particles the present approach considers the nn18c halo nucleus however the results have good perspective to be tested and applied in ultracold atomic systems where one can realize such threebody configuration with tunable twobody interaction
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712.1232
Comparison of Standard Ruler and Standard Candle constraints on Dark Energy Models
We compare the dark energy model constraints obtained by using recent standard ruler data (Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) at z=0.2 and z=0.35 and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) shift parameters R and l_a) with the corresponding constraints obtained by using recent Type Ia Supernovae (SnIa) standard candle data (ESSENCE+SNLS+HST from Davis et. al.). We find that, even though both classes of data are consistent with LCDM at the 2\sigma level, there is a systematic difference between the two classes of data. In particular, we find that for practically all values of the parameters (\Omega_0m,\Omega_b) in the 2\sigma range of the the 3-year WMAP data (WMAP3) best fit, LCDM is significantly more consistent with the SnIa data than with the CMB+BAO data. For example for (\Omega_0m,\Omega_b)=(0.24,0.042) corresponding to the best fit values of WMAP3, the dark energy equation of state parametrization w(z)=w_0 + w_1 (z/(1+z)) best fit is at a 0.5\sigma distance from LCDM (w_0=-1,w_1=0) using the SnIa data and 1.7\sigma away from LCDM using the CMB+BAO data. There is a similar trend in the earlier data (SNLS vs CMB+BAO at z=0.35). This trend is such that the standard ruler CMB+BAO data show a mild preference for crossing of the phantom divide line w=-1, while the recent SnIa data favor LCDM. Despite of this mild difference in trends, we find no statistically significant evidence for violation of the cosmic distance duality relation \eta \equiv d_L(z)/(d_A(z) (1+z)^2)=1. For example, using a prior of \Omega_0m=0.24, we find \eta=0.95 \pm 0.025 in the redshift range 0<z<2, which is consistent with distance duality at the 2\sigma level.
astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph hep-th
we compare the dark energy model constraints obtained by using recent standard ruler data baryon acoustic oscillations bao at z02 and z035 and cosmic microwave background cmb shift parameters r and l_a with the corresponding constraints obtained by using recent type ia supernovae snia standard candle data essencesnlshst from davis et al we find that even though both classes of data are consistent with lcdm at the 2sigma level there is a systematic difference between the two classes of data in particular we find that for practically all values of the parameters omega_0momega_b in the 2sigma range of the the 3year wmap data wmap3 best fit lcdm is significantly more consistent with the snia data than with the cmbbao data for example for omega_0momega_b0240042 corresponding to the best fit values of wmap3 the dark energy equation of state parametrization wzw_0 w_1 z1z best fit is at a 05sigma distance from lcdm w_01w_10 using the snia data and 17sigma away from lcdm using the cmbbao data there is a similar trend in the earlier data snls vs cmbbao at z035 this trend is such that the standard ruler cmbbao data show a mild preference for crossing of the phantom divide line w1 while the recent snia data favor lcdm despite of this mild difference in trends we find no statistically significant evidence for violation of the cosmic distance duality relation eta equiv d_lzd_az 1z21 for example using a prior of omega_0m024 we find eta095 pm 0025 in the redshift range 0z2 which is consistent with distance duality at the 2sigma level
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712.1233
Short Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts with Extended Emission from Proto-Magnetar Spin-Down
Evidence is growing for a class of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) characterized by an initial ~0.1-1 s spike of hard radiation followed, after a ~3-10 s lull in emission, by a softer period of extended emission lasting ~10-100 s. In a few well-studied cases, these ``short GRBs with extended emission'' show no evidence for a bright associated supernova (SN). We propose that these events are produced by the formation and early evolution of a highly magnetized, rapidly rotating neutron star (a ``proto-magnetar'') which is formed from the accretion-induced collapse (AIC) of a white dwarf (WD), the merger and collapse of a WD-WD binary, or, perhaps, the merger of a double neutron star binary. The initial emission spike is powered by accretion onto the proto-magnetar from a small disk that is formed during the AIC or merger event. The extended emission is produced by a relativistic wind that extracts the rotational energy of the proto-magnetar on a timescale ~10-100 s. The ~3-10 s delay between the prompt and extended emission is the time required for the newly-formed proto-magnetar to cool sufficiently that the neutrino-heated wind from its surface becomes ultra-relativistic. Because a proto-magnetar ejects little or no Ni56 (< 1e-3 M_sun), these events should not produce a bright SN-like transient. We model the extended emission from GRB060614 using spin-down calculations of a cooling proto-magnetar, finding reasonable agreement with observations for a magnetar with an initial rotation period of ~1 ms and a surface dipole field of ~3e15 G. If GRBs are indeed produced by AIC or WD-WD mergers, they should occur within a mixture of both early and late-type galaxies and should not produce strong gravitational wave emission. An additional consequence of our model is the existence of X-ray flashes unaccompanied by a bright SN.
astro-ph
evidence is growing for a class of gammaray bursts grbs characterized by an initial 011 s spike of hard radiation followed after a 310 s lull in emission by a softer period of extended emission lasting 10100 s in a few wellstudied cases these short grbs with extended emission show no evidence for a bright associated supernova sn we propose that these events are produced by the formation and early evolution of a highly magnetized rapidly rotating neutron star a protomagnetar which is formed from the accretioninduced collapse aic of a white dwarf wd the merger and collapse of a wdwd binary or perhaps the merger of a double neutron star binary the initial emission spike is powered by accretion onto the protomagnetar from a small disk that is formed during the aic or merger event the extended emission is produced by a relativistic wind that extracts the rotational energy of the protomagnetar on a timescale 10100 s the 310 s delay between the prompt and extended emission is the time required for the newlyformed protomagnetar to cool sufficiently that the neutrinoheated wind from its surface becomes ultrarelativistic because a protomagnetar ejects little or no ni56 1e3 m_sun these events should not produce a bright snlike transient we model the extended emission from grb060614 using spindown calculations of a cooling protomagnetar finding reasonable agreement with observations for a magnetar with an initial rotation period of 1 ms and a surface dipole field of 3e15 g if grbs are indeed produced by aic or wdwd mergers they should occur within a mixture of both early and latetype galaxies and should not produce strong gravitational wave emission an additional consequence of our model is the existence of xray flashes unaccompanied by a bright sn
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712.1234
Dark Matter in the Left Right Twin Higgs Model
In the left-right twin Higgs model, one of the neutral Higgses is a natural candidate for WIMP dark matter. We analyzed the dark matter relic density in this framework and identified regions of parameter space that provide the right amount of dark matter. We also studied the dark matter in the more general inert Higgs doublet model in which the mass splittings between the dark matter and other particles do not follow the relations in the left-right twin Higgs model.
hep-ph
in the leftright twin higgs model one of the neutral higgses is a natural candidate for wimp dark matter we analyzed the dark matter relic density in this framework and identified regions of parameter space that provide the right amount of dark matter we also studied the dark matter in the more general inert higgs doublet model in which the mass splittings between the dark matter and other particles do not follow the relations in the leftright twin higgs model
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712.1235
Patchy Reconnection in a Y-Type Current Sheet
We study the evolution of the magnetic field in a Y-type current sheet subject to a brief, localized magnetic reconnection event. The reconnection produces up- and down-flowing reconnected flux tubes which rapidly decelerate when they hit the Y-lines and underlying magnetic arcade loops at the ends of the current sheet. This localized reconnection outflow followed by a rapid deceleration reproduces the observed behavior of post-CME downflowing coronal voids. These simulations support the hypothesis that these observed coronal downflows are the retraction of magnetic fields reconnected in localized patches in the high corona.
astro-ph
we study the evolution of the magnetic field in a ytype current sheet subject to a brief localized magnetic reconnection event the reconnection produces up and downflowing reconnected flux tubes which rapidly decelerate when they hit the ylines and underlying magnetic arcade loops at the ends of the current sheet this localized reconnection outflow followed by a rapid deceleration reproduces the observed behavior of postcme downflowing coronal voids these simulations support the hypothesis that these observed coronal downflows are the retraction of magnetic fields reconnected in localized patches in the high corona
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712.1236
A characterization and a generalization of W*-modules
We give a new Banach module characterization of $W^*$-modules, also known as selfdual Hilbert $C^*$-modules over a von Neumann algebra. This leads to a generalization of the notion, and the theory, of W*-modules, to the setting where the operator algebras are $\sigma$-weakly closed algebras of operators on a Hilbert space. That is, we find the appropriate weak* topology variant of our earlier notion of {\em rigged modules}, and their theory, which in turn generalizes the notions of C*-module, and Hilbert space, successively. Our {\em w*-rigged modules} have canonical `envelopes' which are W*-modules. Indeed, w*-rigged modules may be defined to be a subspace of a W*-module possessing certain properties.
math.OA math.FA
we give a new banach module characterization of wmodules also known as selfdual hilbert cmodules over a von neumann algebra this leads to a generalization of the notion and the theory of wmodules to the setting where the operator algebras are sigmaweakly closed algebras of operators on a hilbert space that is we find the appropriate weak topology variant of our earlier notion of em rigged modules and their theory which in turn generalizes the notions of cmodule and hilbert space successively our em wrigged modules have canonical envelopes which are wmodules indeed wrigged modules may be defined to be a subspace of a wmodule possessing certain properties
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712.1237
Restricting supercharacters of the finite group of unipotent uppertriangular matrices
It is well-known that the representation theory of the finite group of unipotent upper-triangular matrices $U_n$ over a finite field is a wild problem. By instead considering approximately irreducible representations (supercharacters), one obtains a rich combinatorial theory analogous to that of the symmetric group, where we replace partition combinatorics with set-partitions. This paper studies the supercharacter theory of a family of subgroups that interpolate between $U_{n-1}$ and $U_n$. We supply several combinatorial indexing sets for the supercharacters, supercharacter formulas for these indexing sets, and a combinatorial rule for restricting supercharacters from one group to another. A consequence of this analysis is a Pieri-like restriction rule from $U_n$ to $U_{n-1}$ that can be described on set-partitions (analogous to the corresponding symmetric group rule on partitions).
math.RT math.CO math.GR
it is wellknown that the representation theory of the finite group of unipotent uppertriangular matrices u_n over a finite field is a wild problem by instead considering approximately irreducible representations supercharacters one obtains a rich combinatorial theory analogous to that of the symmetric group where we replace partition combinatorics with setpartitions this paper studies the supercharacter theory of a family of subgroups that interpolate between u_n1 and u_n we supply several combinatorial indexing sets for the supercharacters supercharacter formulas for these indexing sets and a combinatorial rule for restricting supercharacters from one group to another a consequence of this analysis is a pierilike restriction rule from u_n to u_n1 that can be described on setpartitions analogous to the corresponding symmetric group rule on partitions
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712.1238
Population trapping in three-state quantum loops revealed by Householder reflections
Population trapping occurs when a particular quantum-state superposition is immune to action by a specific interaction, such as the well-known dark state in a three-state lambda system. We here show that in a three-state loop linkage, a Hilbert-space Householder reflection breaks the loop and presents the linkage as a single chain. With certain conditions on the interaction parameters, this chain can break into a simple two-state system and an additional spectator state. Alternatively, a two-photon resonance condition in this Householder-basis chain can be enforced, which heralds the existence of another spectator state. These spectator states generalize the usual dark state to include contributions from all three bare basis states and disclose hidden population trapping effects, and hence hidden constants of motion. Insofar as a spectator state simplifies the overall dynamics, its existence facilitates the derivation of analytic solutions and the design of recipes for quantum state engineering in the loop system. Moreover, it is shown that a suitable sequence of Householder transformations can cast an arbitrary N-dimensional hermitian Hamiltonian into a tridiagonal form. The implication is that a general N-state system, with arbitrary linkage patterns where each state connects to any other state, can be reduced to an equivalent chainwise-connected system, with nearest-neighbor interactions only, with ensuing possibilities for discovering hidden multidimensional spectator states and constants of motion.
quant-ph
population trapping occurs when a particular quantumstate superposition is immune to action by a specific interaction such as the wellknown dark state in a threestate lambda system we here show that in a threestate loop linkage a hilbertspace householder reflection breaks the loop and presents the linkage as a single chain with certain conditions on the interaction parameters this chain can break into a simple twostate system and an additional spectator state alternatively a twophoton resonance condition in this householderbasis chain can be enforced which heralds the existence of another spectator state these spectator states generalize the usual dark state to include contributions from all three bare basis states and disclose hidden population trapping effects and hence hidden constants of motion insofar as a spectator state simplifies the overall dynamics its existence facilitates the derivation of analytic solutions and the design of recipes for quantum state engineering in the loop system moreover it is shown that a suitable sequence of householder transformations can cast an arbitrary ndimensional hermitian hamiltonian into a tridiagonal form the implication is that a general nstate system with arbitrary linkage patterns where each state connects to any other state can be reduced to an equivalent chainwiseconnected system with nearestneighbor interactions only with ensuing possibilities for discovering hidden multidimensional spectator states and constants of motion
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712.1239
Metallicity of the intergalactic medium using pixel statistics: IV. Oxygen
We have studied the abundance of oxygen in the IGM by analyzing OVI, CIV, SiIV, and HI pixel optical depths derived from a set of high-quality VLT and Keck spectra of 17 QSOs at 2.1 < z < 3.6. Comparing OVI and CIV optical depth ratios to those in realistic, synthetic spectra drawn from a hydrodynamical simulation and comparing to existing constraints on [Si/C] places strong constraints on the ultraviolet background (UVB) model using weak priors on allowed values of [Si/O]: for example, a quasar-only background yields [Si/O] ~ 1.4, highly inconsistent with the [Si/O] ~ 0 expected from nucleosynthetic yields and with observations of metal-poor stars. Assuming a fiducial quasar+galaxy UVB consistent with these constraints yields a primary result that [O/C] = 0.66 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.2; this result pertains to gas with overdensity >~ 0.2. Consistent results are obtained by similarly comparing OVI to HI or OVI to SiIV optical depth ratios to simulation values, and also by directly ionization-correcting OVI optical depths as function of HI optical depths into [O/H] as a function of density. Subdividing the sample reveals no evidence for evolution, but low- and high-density samples are inconsistent, suggesting either density-dependence of [O/C] or -- more likely -- prevalence of collisionally-ionized gas at high density.
astro-ph
we have studied the abundance of oxygen in the igm by analyzing ovi civ siiv and hi pixel optical depths derived from a set of highquality vlt and keck spectra of 17 qsos at 21 z 36 comparing ovi and civ optical depth ratios to those in realistic synthetic spectra drawn from a hydrodynamical simulation and comparing to existing constraints on sic places strong constraints on the ultraviolet background uvb model using weak priors on allowed values of sio for example a quasaronly background yields sio 14 highly inconsistent with the sio 0 expected from nucleosynthetic yields and with observations of metalpoor stars assuming a fiducial quasargalaxy uvb consistent with these constraints yields a primary result that oc 066 006 02 this result pertains to gas with overdensity 02 consistent results are obtained by similarly comparing ovi to hi or ovi to siiv optical depth ratios to simulation values and also by directly ionizationcorrecting ovi optical depths as function of hi optical depths into oh as a function of density subdividing the sample reveals no evidence for evolution but low and highdensity samples are inconsistent suggesting either densitydependence of oc or more likely prevalence of collisionallyionized gas at high density
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712.124
Galerkin Methods for the Fully Nonlinear Monge-Amp\`ere Equation
This paper develops and analyzes finite element Galerkin and spectral Galerkin methods for approximating viscosity solutions of the fully nonlinear Monge-Amp\`ere equation $\det(D^2u^0)=f$ based on the vanishing moment method which was developed by the authors in \cite{Feng2,Feng1}. In this approach, the Monge-Amp\`ere equation is approximated by the fourth order quasilinear equation $-\epsilon\Delta^2 u^\epsilon + \det{D^2u^\epsilon} =f$ accompanied by appropriate boundary conditions. This new approach allows one to construct convergent Galerkin numerical methods for the fully nonlinear Monge-Amp\`ere equation, a task which has been impracticable before. In this paper, we first develop some finite element and spectral Galerkin methods for approximating the solution $u^\epsilon$ of the regularized fourth order problem. We then derive optimal order error estimates for the proposed numerical methods. In particular, we track explicitly the dependence of the error bounds on the parameter $\vepsi$, for the error $u^\epsilon-u^\epsilon_h$. Finally, using the Aygris finite element method as an example, we present a detailed numerical study of the rates of convergence in terms of powers of $\vepsi$ for the error $u^0-u_h^\vepsi$, and numerically examine what is the "best" mesh size $h$ in relation to $\vepsi$ in order to achieve these rates.
math.NA math.AP
this paper develops and analyzes finite element galerkin and spectral galerkin methods for approximating viscosity solutions of the fully nonlinear mongeampere equation detd2u0f based on the vanishing moment method which was developed by the authors in citefeng2feng1 in this approach the mongeampere equation is approximated by the fourth order quasilinear equation epsilondelta2 uepsilon detd2uepsilon f accompanied by appropriate boundary conditions this new approach allows one to construct convergent galerkin numerical methods for the fully nonlinear mongeampere equation a task which has been impracticable before in this paper we first develop some finite element and spectral galerkin methods for approximating the solution uepsilon of the regularized fourth order problem we then derive optimal order error estimates for the proposed numerical methods in particular we track explicitly the dependence of the error bounds on the parameter vepsi for the error uepsilonuepsilon_h finally using the aygris finite element method as an example we present a detailed numerical study of the rates of convergence in terms of powers of vepsi for the error u0u_hvepsi and numerically examine what is the best mesh size h in relation to vepsi in order to achieve these rates
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712.1241
Mixed finite element methods for the fully nonlinear Monge-Amp\`ere equation based on the vanishing moment method
This paper studies mixed finite element approximations of the viscosity solution to the Dirichlet problem for the fully nonlinear Monge-Amp\`ere equation $\det(D^2u^0)=f$ based on the vanishing moment method which was proposed recently by the authors in \cite{Feng2}. In this approach, the second order fully nonlinear Monge-Amp\`ere equation is approximated by the fourth order quasilinear equation $-\epsilon\Delta^2 u^\epsilon + \det{D^2u^\epsilon} =f$. It was proved in \cite{Feng1} that the solution $u^\epsilon$ converges to the unique convex viscosity solution $u^0$ of the Dirichlet problem for the Monge-Amp\`ere equation. This result then opens a door for constructing convergent finite element methods for the fully nonlinear second order equations, a task which has been impracticable before. The goal of this paper is threefold. First, we develop a family of Hermann-Miyoshi type mixed finite element methods for approximating the solution $u^\epsilon$ of the regularized fourth order problem, which computes simultaneously $u^\vepsi$ and the moment tensor $\sigma^\vepsi:=D^2u^\epsilon$. Second, we derive error estimates, which track explicitly the dependence of the error constants on the parameter $\vepsi$, for the errors $u^\epsilon-u^\epsilon_h$ and $\sigma^\vepsi-\sigma_h^\vepsi$. Finally, we present a detailed numerical study on the rates of convergence in terms of powers of $\vepsi$ for the error $u^0-u_h^\vepsi$ and $\sigma^\vepsi-\sigma_h^\vepsi$, and numerically examine what is the "best" mesh size $h$ in relation to $\vepsi$ in order to achieve these rates.
math.NA math.AP
this paper studies mixed finite element approximations of the viscosity solution to the dirichlet problem for the fully nonlinear mongeampere equation detd2u0f based on the vanishing moment method which was proposed recently by the authors in citefeng2 in this approach the second order fully nonlinear mongeampere equation is approximated by the fourth order quasilinear equation epsilondelta2 uepsilon detd2uepsilon f it was proved in citefeng1 that the solution uepsilon converges to the unique convex viscosity solution u0 of the dirichlet problem for the mongeampere equation this result then opens a door for constructing convergent finite element methods for the fully nonlinear second order equations a task which has been impracticable before the goal of this paper is threefold first we develop a family of hermannmiyoshi type mixed finite element methods for approximating the solution uepsilon of the regularized fourth order problem which computes simultaneously uvepsi and the moment tensor sigmavepsid2uepsilon second we derive error estimates which track explicitly the dependence of the error constants on the parameter vepsi for the errors uepsilonuepsilon_h and sigmavepsisigma_hvepsi finally we present a detailed numerical study on the rates of convergence in terms of powers of vepsi for the error u0u_hvepsi and sigmavepsisigma_hvepsi and numerically examine what is the best mesh size h in relation to vepsi in order to achieve these rates
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712.1242
High multipole transitions in NIXS: valence and hybridization in 4f systems
Momentum-transfer (q) dependent non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements were made at the N4,5 edges for several rare earth compounds. With increasing q, giant dipole resonances diminish, to be replaced by strong multiplet lines at lower energy transfer. These multiplets result from two different orders of multipole scattering and are distinct for systems with simple 4f^0 and 4f^1 initial states. A many-body theoretical treatment of the multiplets agrees well with the experimental data on ionic La and Ce phosphate reference compounds. Comparing measurements on CeO2 and CeRh3 to the theory and the phosphates indicates sensitivity to hybridization as observed by a broadening of 4f^0-related multiplet features. We expect such strong, nondipole features to be generic for NIXS from f-electron systems.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci
momentumtransfer q dependent nonresonant inelastic xray scattering measurements were made at the n45 edges for several rare earth compounds with increasing q giant dipole resonances diminish to be replaced by strong multiplet lines at lower energy transfer these multiplets result from two different orders of multipole scattering and are distinct for systems with simple 4f0 and 4f1 initial states a manybody theoretical treatment of the multiplets agrees well with the experimental data on ionic la and ce phosphate reference compounds comparing measurements on ceo2 and cerh3 to the theory and the phosphates indicates sensitivity to hybridization as observed by a broadening of 4f0related multiplet features we expect such strong nondipole features to be generic for nixs from felectron systems
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712.1243
What are the Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies?
Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies (LCBGs) are common at z~1, contributing significantly to the total star formation rate density. By z~0, they are a factor of ten rarer. While we know that LCBGs evolve rapidly, we do not know what drives their evolution nor into what types of galaxies they evolve. We present the results of a single-dish HI survey of local LCBGs undertaken to address these questions. Our results indicate that LCBGs have M(HI) and M(DYN) consistent with low-mass spirals, but typically exhaust their gas reservoirs in less than 2 Gyr. Overall, the properties of LCBGs are consistent with them evolving into high-mass dwarf elliptical or dwarf irregular galaxies or low-mass, late-type spiral galaxies.
astro-ph
luminous compact blue galaxies lcbgs are common at z1 contributing significantly to the total star formation rate density by z0 they are a factor of ten rarer while we know that lcbgs evolve rapidly we do not know what drives their evolution nor into what types of galaxies they evolve we present the results of a singledish hi survey of local lcbgs undertaken to address these questions our results indicate that lcbgs have mhi and mdyn consistent with lowmass spirals but typically exhaust their gas reservoirs in less than 2 gyr overall the properties of lcbgs are consistent with them evolving into highmass dwarf elliptical or dwarf irregular galaxies or lowmass latetype spiral galaxies
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712.1244
Projectively full ideals in Noetherian rings, a survey
We discuss projective equivalence of ideals in Noetherian rings and the existence or failure of existence of projectively full ideals. We describe connections with the Rees valuations and Rees integers of an ideal, and consider the question of whether improvements can be made by passing to an integral extension ring.
math.AC
we discuss projective equivalence of ideals in noetherian rings and the existence or failure of existence of projectively full ideals we describe connections with the rees valuations and rees integers of an ideal and consider the question of whether improvements can be made by passing to an integral extension ring
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712.1245
Massive Star Formation Near Sgr A* and Bimodal Star Formation in the Nuclear Disk
The history of star formation in the strong gravitational potential of the Galactic center has been of much interest, recently. We propose that the sub-parsec-scale disk of massive stars orbiting the massive black hole at the Galactic center can be interpreted in terms of partial accretion of extended Galactic center clouds, such as the 50 \kms molecular cloud, as these clouds envelop Sgr A* on their passage through the inner Galactic center. The loss of angular momentum of the captured cloud material by self-interaction subsequent to gravitationally focusing by Sgr A* naturally creates a compact gaseous disk of material close to Sgr A* in which star formation takes place. On a larger scale the formation of massive clusters such as the Arches and Quintuplet clusters or on-going massive star formation such as Sgr B2 could also be triggered by cloud-cloud collisions due to gravitational focusing in the deep potential of the central bulge. Unlike the violent and high-pressure environment of clustered star formation triggered by cloud-cloud collision, there are also isolated pockets of star formation and quiescent dense clouds. These sites suggest an inefficient, slow mode of star formation. We propose enhanced cosmic rays in the nuclear disk may be responsible for inhibiting the process of star formation in this region. In particular, we argue that the enhanced ionization rate due to the impact of cosmic-ray particles is responsible for lowering the efficiency of on-going star formation in the nuclear disk of our Galaxy. The higher ionization fraction and higher thermal energy due to the impact of these electrons may also reduce MHD wave damping which contributes to the persistence of the high velocity dispersion of the molecular gas in the nuclear disk.
astro-ph
the history of star formation in the strong gravitational potential of the galactic center has been of much interest recently we propose that the subparsecscale disk of massive stars orbiting the massive black hole at the galactic center can be interpreted in terms of partial accretion of extended galactic center clouds such as the 50 kms molecular cloud as these clouds envelop sgr a on their passage through the inner galactic center the loss of angular momentum of the captured cloud material by selfinteraction subsequent to gravitationally focusing by sgr a naturally creates a compact gaseous disk of material close to sgr a in which star formation takes place on a larger scale the formation of massive clusters such as the arches and quintuplet clusters or ongoing massive star formation such as sgr b2 could also be triggered by cloudcloud collisions due to gravitational focusing in the deep potential of the central bulge unlike the violent and highpressure environment of clustered star formation triggered by cloudcloud collision there are also isolated pockets of star formation and quiescent dense clouds these sites suggest an inefficient slow mode of star formation we propose enhanced cosmic rays in the nuclear disk may be responsible for inhibiting the process of star formation in this region in particular we argue that the enhanced ionization rate due to the impact of cosmicray particles is responsible for lowering the efficiency of ongoing star formation in the nuclear disk of our galaxy the higher ionization fraction and higher thermal energy due to the impact of these electrons may also reduce mhd wave damping which contributes to the persistence of the high velocity dispersion of the molecular gas in the nuclear disk
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712.1246
Orbit closures of directing modules are regular in codimension one
We show that the orbit closure of a directing module is regular in codimension one. In particular, this result gives information about a distinguished irreducible component of a module variety.
math.RT math.AG
we show that the orbit closure of a directing module is regular in codimension one in particular this result gives information about a distinguished irreducible component of a module variety
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712.1247
Pyrometric Measurement of the Temperature of Shocked Molybdenum
Measurements of the temperature of Mo shocked to ~60 GPa and then released to ~28 GPa were previously attempted using high explosive driven flyer plates and pyrometry. Analysis of the radiance traces at different wavelengths indicates that the temporal evolution of the radiance can be explained by a contribution from the LiF window to the measured thermal radiation. Fitting the radiance traces with a simple model, supported by continuum dynamics studies which were able to relate structures in the radiance history to hydrodynamic events in the experiment, the contribution of the window was obtained and hence the temperature of the Mo sample. The shock-and release temperature obtained in the Mo was 762+/-40K which is consistent with calculations taking the contribution of plastic work to the heating into account. The radiance obtained for the LiF window shows a non thermal distribution which can be described by a bulk temperature of 624+/-112K and hot spots (less than 0.5% in total volume) within the window at a temperature of about 2000K.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
measurements of the temperature of mo shocked to 60 gpa and then released to 28 gpa were previously attempted using high explosive driven flyer plates and pyrometry analysis of the radiance traces at different wavelengths indicates that the temporal evolution of the radiance can be explained by a contribution from the lif window to the measured thermal radiation fitting the radiance traces with a simple model supported by continuum dynamics studies which were able to relate structures in the radiance history to hydrodynamic events in the experiment the contribution of the window was obtained and hence the temperature of the mo sample the shockand release temperature obtained in the mo was 76240k which is consistent with calculations taking the contribution of plastic work to the heating into account the radiance obtained for the lif window shows a non thermal distribution which can be described by a bulk temperature of 624112k and hot spots less than 05 in total volume within the window at a temperature of about 2000k
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712.1248
Determination of Trion and Exciton Lineshapes in Modulation-Doped Quantum Wells
We investigate the effect of a two dimensional electron gas on the linear optical properties of CdTe quantum wells. We evidence experimentally the high energy tail of the exciton and charged exciton resonances which depends on electron concentration. Based on that, we show that the scattering of electrons with excitons and charged excitons is needed to be included in the matrix transfer calculations to describe the reflectivity spectra. We demonstrate by time-resolved reflectivity experiments the importance of electron distribution in the resonance lineshapes.
cond-mat.str-el
we investigate the effect of a two dimensional electron gas on the linear optical properties of cdte quantum wells we evidence experimentally the high energy tail of the exciton and charged exciton resonances which depends on electron concentration based on that we show that the scattering of electrons with excitons and charged excitons is needed to be included in the matrix transfer calculations to describe the reflectivity spectra we demonstrate by timeresolved reflectivity experiments the importance of electron distribution in the resonance lineshapes
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712.1249
Symbolic Rees algebras, vertex covers and irreducible representations of Rees cones
Let G be a simple graph and let J be its ideal of vertex covers. We give a graph theoretical description of the irreducible b-vertex covers of G, i.e., we describe the minimal generators of the symbolic Rees algebra of J. Then we study the irreducible b-vertex covers of the blocker of G, i.e., we study the minimal generators of the symbolic Rees algebra of the edge ideal of G. We give a graph theoretical description of the irreducible binary b-vertex covers of the blocker of G. It is shown that they correspond to irreducible induced subgraphs of G. As a byproduct we obtain a method, using Hilbert bases, to obtain all irreducible induced subgraphs of G. In particular we obtain all odd holes and antiholes. We study irreducible graphs and give a method to construct irreducible b-vertex covers of the blocker of G with high degree relative to the number of vertices of G.
math.AC math.CO
let g be a simple graph and let j be its ideal of vertex covers we give a graph theoretical description of the irreducible bvertex covers of g ie we describe the minimal generators of the symbolic rees algebra of j then we study the irreducible bvertex covers of the blocker of g ie we study the minimal generators of the symbolic rees algebra of the edge ideal of g we give a graph theoretical description of the irreducible binary bvertex covers of the blocker of g it is shown that they correspond to irreducible induced subgraphs of g as a byproduct we obtain a method using hilbert bases to obtain all irreducible induced subgraphs of g in particular we obtain all odd holes and antiholes we study irreducible graphs and give a method to construct irreducible bvertex covers of the blocker of g with high degree relative to the number of vertices of g
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712.125
Gravitational Wave Detection with Atom Interferometry
We propose two distinct atom interferometer gravitational wave detectors, one terrestrial and another satellite-based, utilizing the core technology of the Stanford $10 \text{m}$ atom interferometer presently under construction. The terrestrial experiment can operate with strain sensitivity $ \sim \frac{10^{-19}}{\sqrt{\text{Hz}}}$ in the 1 Hz - 10 Hz band, inaccessible to LIGO, and can detect gravitational waves from solar mass binaries out to megaparsec distances. The satellite experiment probes the same frequency spectrum as LISA with better strain sensitivity $ \sim \frac{10^{-20}}{\sqrt{\text{Hz}}}$. Each configuration compares two widely separated atom interferometers run using common lasers. The effect of the gravitational waves on the propagating laser field produces the main effect in this configuration and enables a large enhancement in the gravitational wave signal while significantly suppressing many backgrounds. The use of ballistic atoms (instead of mirrors) as inertial test masses improves systematics coming from vibrations and acceleration noise, and reduces spacecraft control requirements.
gr-qc astro-ph hep-ph hep-th physics.atom-ph
we propose two distinct atom interferometer gravitational wave detectors one terrestrial and another satellitebased utilizing the core technology of the stanford 10 textm atom interferometer presently under construction the terrestrial experiment can operate with strain sensitivity sim frac1019sqrttexthz in the 1 hz 10 hz band inaccessible to ligo and can detect gravitational waves from solar mass binaries out to megaparsec distances the satellite experiment probes the same frequency spectrum as lisa with better strain sensitivity sim frac1020sqrttexthz each configuration compares two widely separated atom interferometers run using common lasers the effect of the gravitational waves on the propagating laser field produces the main effect in this configuration and enables a large enhancement in the gravitational wave signal while significantly suppressing many backgrounds the use of ballistic atoms instead of mirrors as inertial test masses improves systematics coming from vibrations and acceleration noise and reduces spacecraft control requirements
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712.1251
Quantum Phase Transition between (Luttinger) Liquid and Gas of Cold Molecules
We consider cold polar molecules confined in a helical optical lattice similar to those used in holographic microfabrication. An external electric field polarizes molecules along the axis of the helix. The large-distance inter-molecular dipolar interaction is attractive but the short-scale interaction is repulsive due to geometric constraints and thus prevents collapse. The interaction strength depends on the electric field. We show that a zero-temperature second-order liquid-gas transition occurs at a critical field. It can be observed under experimentally accessible conditions.
cond-mat.other cond-mat.str-el
we consider cold polar molecules confined in a helical optical lattice similar to those used in holographic microfabrication an external electric field polarizes molecules along the axis of the helix the largedistance intermolecular dipolar interaction is attractive but the shortscale interaction is repulsive due to geometric constraints and thus prevents collapse the interaction strength depends on the electric field we show that a zerotemperature secondorder liquidgas transition occurs at a critical field it can be observed under experimentally accessible conditions
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712.1252
The D^6 R^4 term in type IIB string theory on T^2 and U-duality
We propose a manifestly U-duality invariant modular form for the D^6 R^4 interaction in the effective action of type IIB string theory compactified on T^2. It receives perturbative contributions upto genus three, as well as non-perturbative contributions from D-instantons and (p,q) string instantons wrapping T^2. Our construction is based on constraints coming from string perturbation theory, U-duality, the decompactification limit to ten dimensions, and the equality of the perturbative part of the amplitude in type IIA and type IIB string theories. Using duality, parts of the perturbative amplitude are also shown to match exactly the results obtained from eleven dimensional supergravity compactified on T^3 at one loop. We also obtain parts of the genus one and genus k amplitudes for the D^{2k} R^4 interaction for arbitrary k > 3. We enhance a part of this amplitude to a U-duality invariant modular form.
hep-th
we propose a manifestly uduality invariant modular form for the d6 r4 interaction in the effective action of type iib string theory compactified on t2 it receives perturbative contributions upto genus three as well as nonperturbative contributions from dinstantons and pq string instantons wrapping t2 our construction is based on constraints coming from string perturbation theory uduality the decompactification limit to ten dimensions and the equality of the perturbative part of the amplitude in type iia and type iib string theories using duality parts of the perturbative amplitude are also shown to match exactly the results obtained from eleven dimensional supergravity compactified on t3 at one loop we also obtain parts of the genus one and genus k amplitudes for the d2k r4 interaction for arbitrary k 3 we enhance a part of this amplitude to a uduality invariant modular form
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712.1253
Understanding the Protected Nodes and Collapse of the Fermi Arcs in Underdoped Cuprate Superconductors
We show how recent angle resolved photoemission measurements addressing the Fermi arcs in the cuprates reveal a very natural phenomenological description of the complex superfluid phase. Importantly, this phenomenology is consistent with a previously presented microscopic theory. By distinguishing the order parameter and the excitation gap, we are able to demonstrate how the collapse of the arcs below $T_c$ into well defined nodes is associated with the \emph{smooth} emergence of superconducting coherence. Comparison of this theory with experiment shows good semi-quantitative agreement.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
we show how recent angle resolved photoemission measurements addressing the fermi arcs in the cuprates reveal a very natural phenomenological description of the complex superfluid phase importantly this phenomenology is consistent with a previously presented microscopic theory by distinguishing the order parameter and the excitation gap we are able to demonstrate how the collapse of the arcs below t_c into well defined nodes is associated with the emphsmooth emergence of superconducting coherence comparison of this theory with experiment shows good semiquantitative agreement
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712.1254
Large Radius Hagedorn Regime in String Gas Cosmology
We calculate the equation of state of a gas of strings at high density in a large toroidal universe, and use it to determine the cosmological evolution of background metric and dilaton fields in the entire large radius Hagedorn regime, (ln S)^{1/d} << R << S^{1/d} (with S the total entropy). The pressure in this regime is not vanishing but of O(1), while the equation of state is proportional to volume, which makes our solutions significantly different from previously published approximate solutions. For example, we are able to calculate the duration of the high-density "Hagedorn" phase, which increases exponentially with increasing entropy, S. We go on to discuss the difficulties of the scenario, quantifying the problems of establishing thermal equilibrium and producing a large but not too weakly-coupled universe.
hep-th
we calculate the equation of state of a gas of strings at high density in a large toroidal universe and use it to determine the cosmological evolution of background metric and dilaton fields in the entire large radius hagedorn regime ln s1d r s1d with s the total entropy the pressure in this regime is not vanishing but of o1 while the equation of state is proportional to volume which makes our solutions significantly different from previously published approximate solutions for example we are able to calculate the duration of the highdensity hagedorn phase which increases exponentially with increasing entropy s we go on to discuss the difficulties of the scenario quantifying the problems of establishing thermal equilibrium and producing a large but not too weaklycoupled universe
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712.1255
Stochastic actions for diffusive dynamics: Reweighting, sampling, and minimization
In numerical studies of diffusive dynamics, two different action functionals are often used to specify the probability distribution of trajectories, one of which requiring the evaluation of the second derivative of the potential in addition to the force. Here it is argued that both actions are equivalent prescriptions for the purposes of reweighting and sampling trajectories, whereas the most probable path is more generally given by the global minimum of the action involving the second derivative term. The answer to this apparent paradox lies in the non-differentiable character of Brownian paths, as well as in the "entropy" associated with a given trajectory.
cond-mat.stat-mech
in numerical studies of diffusive dynamics two different action functionals are often used to specify the probability distribution of trajectories one of which requiring the evaluation of the second derivative of the potential in addition to the force here it is argued that both actions are equivalent prescriptions for the purposes of reweighting and sampling trajectories whereas the most probable path is more generally given by the global minimum of the action involving the second derivative term the answer to this apparent paradox lies in the nondifferentiable character of brownian paths as well as in the entropy associated with a given trajectory
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712.1256
Teleparallel Energy-Momentum Distribution of Spatially Homogeneous Rotating Spacetimes
The energy-momentum distribution of spatially homogeneous rotating spacetimes in the context of teleparallel theory of gravity is investigated. For this purpose, we use the teleparallel version of Moller prescription. It is found that the components of energy-momentum density are finite and well-defined but are different from General Relativity. However, the energy-momentum density components become the same in both theories under certain assumptions. We also analyse these quantities for some special solutions of the spatially homogeneous rotating spacetimes.
gr-qc
the energymomentum distribution of spatially homogeneous rotating spacetimes in the context of teleparallel theory of gravity is investigated for this purpose we use the teleparallel version of moller prescription it is found that the components of energymomentum density are finite and welldefined but are different from general relativity however the energymomentum density components become the same in both theories under certain assumptions we also analyse these quantities for some special solutions of the spatially homogeneous rotating spacetimes
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712.1257
Quasi-energies and Floquet states of two weakly coupled Bose-Einstein condensates under periodic driving
We investigate the quasi-energies and Floquet states of two weakly coupled Bose-Einstein condensates driven by a periodic force. The quasi-energies and Floquet states of this system are computed within two different theoretical frameworks: the mean-field model and the second-quantized model. The mean-field approach reveals a triangular structure in the quasi-energy band. Our analysis of the corresponding Floquet states shows that this triangle signals the onset of a localization phenomenon, which can be regarded as a generalization of the well-known phenomenon called coherent destruction of tunneling. With the second quantized model, we find also a triangular structure in the quantum quasi-energy band, which is enveloped by the mean-field triangle. The close relation between these two sets of quasi-energies is further explored by a semi-classical method. With a Sommerfeld rule generalized to time-dependent systems, the quantum quasi-energies are computed by quantizing semiclassically the mean-field model and they are found to agree very well with the results obtained directly with the second-quantized model.
cond-mat.other
we investigate the quasienergies and floquet states of two weakly coupled boseeinstein condensates driven by a periodic force the quasienergies and floquet states of this system are computed within two different theoretical frameworks the meanfield model and the secondquantized model the meanfield approach reveals a triangular structure in the quasienergy band our analysis of the corresponding floquet states shows that this triangle signals the onset of a localization phenomenon which can be regarded as a generalization of the wellknown phenomenon called coherent destruction of tunneling with the second quantized model we find also a triangular structure in the quantum quasienergy band which is enveloped by the meanfield triangle the close relation between these two sets of quasienergies is further explored by a semiclassical method with a sommerfeld rule generalized to timedependent systems the quantum quasienergies are computed by quantizing semiclassically the meanfield model and they are found to agree very well with the results obtained directly with the secondquantized model
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712.1258
Numerical performance of the parabolized ADM (PADM) formulation of General Relativity
In a recent paper the first coauthor presented a new parabolic extension (PADM) of the standard 3+1 Arnowitt, Deser, Misner formulation of the equations of general relativity. By parabolizing first-order ADM in a certain way, the PADM formulation turns it into a mixed hyperbolic - second-order parabolic, well-posed system. The surface of constraints of PADM becomes a local attractor for all solutions and all possible well-posed gauge conditions. This paper describes a numerical implementation of PADM and studies its accuracy and stability in a series of standard numerical tests. Numerical properties of PADM are compared with those of standard ADM and its hyperbolic Kidder, Scheel, Teukolsky (KST) extension. The PADM scheme is numerically stable, convergent and second-order accurate. The new formulation has better control of the constraint-violating modes than ADM and KST.
gr-qc
in a recent paper the first coauthor presented a new parabolic extension padm of the standard 31 arnowitt deser misner formulation of the equations of general relativity by parabolizing firstorder adm in a certain way the padm formulation turns it into a mixed hyperbolic secondorder parabolic wellposed system the surface of constraints of padm becomes a local attractor for all solutions and all possible wellposed gauge conditions this paper describes a numerical implementation of padm and studies its accuracy and stability in a series of standard numerical tests numerical properties of padm are compared with those of standard adm and its hyperbolic kidder scheel teukolsky kst extension the padm scheme is numerically stable convergent and secondorder accurate the new formulation has better control of the constraintviolating modes than adm and kst
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712.1259
Hierarchical, Regular Small-World Networks
Two new classes of networks are introduced that resemble small-world properties. These networks are recursively constructed but retain a fixed, regular degree. They consist of a one-dimensional lattice backbone overlayed by a hierarchical sequence of long-distance links. Both types of networks, one 3-regular and the other 4-regular, lead to distinct behaviors, as revealed by renormalization group studies. The 3-regular networks are planar, have a diameter growing as \sqrt{N} with the system size N, and lead to super-diffusion with an exact, anomalous exponent d_w=1.3057581..., but possesses only a trivial fixed point T_c=0 for the Ising ferromagnet. In turn, the 4-regular networks are non-planar, have a diameter growing as ~2^[\sqrt(\log_2 N^2)], exhibit "ballistic" diffusion (d_w=1), and a non-trivial ferromagnetic transition, T_c>0. It suggest that the 3-regular networks are still quite "geometric", while the 4-regular networks qualify as true small-world networks with mean-field properties. As an example of an application we discuss synchronization of processors on these networks.
cond-mat.dis-nn
two new classes of networks are introduced that resemble smallworld properties these networks are recursively constructed but retain a fixed regular degree they consist of a onedimensional lattice backbone overlayed by a hierarchical sequence of longdistance links both types of networks one 3regular and the other 4regular lead to distinct behaviors as revealed by renormalization group studies the 3regular networks are planar have a diameter growing as sqrtn with the system size n and lead to superdiffusion with an exact anomalous exponent d_w13057581 but possesses only a trivial fixed point t_c0 for the ising ferromagnet in turn the 4regular networks are nonplanar have a diameter growing as 2sqrtlog_2 n2 exhibit ballistic diffusion d_w1 and a nontrivial ferromagnetic transition t_c0 it suggest that the 3regular networks are still quite geometric while the 4regular networks qualify as true smallworld networks with meanfield properties as an example of an application we discuss synchronization of processors on these networks
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712.126
Large Volume Axionic Swiss-Cheese Inflation
Continuing with the ideas of (section 4 of) [1], after inclusion of perturbative and non-perturbative alpha' corrections to the Kaehler potential and (D1- and D3-) instanton generated superpotential, we show the possibility of slow-roll axionic inflation in the large volume limit of Swiss-Cheese Calabi-Yau orientifold compactifications of type IIB string theory. We also include one- and two-loop corrections to the Kaehler potential but find the same to be subdominant to the (perturbative and non-perturbative) alpha' corrections. The NS-NS axions provide a flat direction for slow-roll inflation to proceed from a saddle point to the nearest dS minimum.
hep-th astro-ph gr-qc
continuing with the ideas of section 4 of 1 after inclusion of perturbative and nonperturbative alpha corrections to the kaehler potential and d1 and d3 instanton generated superpotential we show the possibility of slowroll axionic inflation in the large volume limit of swisscheese calabiyau orientifold compactifications of type iib string theory we also include one and twoloop corrections to the kaehler potential but find the same to be subdominant to the perturbative and nonperturbative alpha corrections the nsns axions provide a flat direction for slowroll inflation to proceed from a saddle point to the nearest ds minimum
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712.1261
Masses of Nix and Hydra
A four-body orbit solution for the Pluto system yields GM values of 870.3 +/- 3.7, 101.4 +/- 2.8, 0.039 +/- 0.034, and 0.021 +/- 0.042 km3 sec-2 for Pluto, Charon, Nix, and Hydra, respectively. Assuming a Charon-like density of 1.63 gm cm-3, the implied diameters for Nix and Hydra are 88 and 72 km, leading to visual geometric albedos of 0.08 and 0.18, respectively, though with considerable uncertainty. The eccentricity of Charon's orbit has a significant nonzero value; however, the 0.030 +/- 0.009 deg yr-1 rate at which the line of apsides precesses is insufficient to explain the difference in the longitude of periapsis seen in the orbits fitted to the 1992-1993 and 2002-2003 data sets. The mean orbital periods for Hydra, Nix, and Charon are in the ratios of 6.064 +/- 0.006 : 3.991 +/- 0.007 : 1, but we have not identified any resonant arguments that would indicate the existence of a mean motion resonance between any pairs of satellites.
astro-ph
a fourbody orbit solution for the pluto system yields gm values of 8703 37 1014 28 0039 0034 and 0021 0042 km3 sec2 for pluto charon nix and hydra respectively assuming a charonlike density of 163 gm cm3 the implied diameters for nix and hydra are 88 and 72 km leading to visual geometric albedos of 008 and 018 respectively though with considerable uncertainty the eccentricity of charons orbit has a significant nonzero value however the 0030 0009 deg yr1 rate at which the line of apsides precesses is insufficient to explain the difference in the longitude of periapsis seen in the orbits fitted to the 19921993 and 20022003 data sets the mean orbital periods for hydra nix and charon are in the ratios of 6064 0006 3991 0007 1 but we have not identified any resonant arguments that would indicate the existence of a mean motion resonance between any pairs of satellites
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712.1262
Magnetic Moment Collapse-Driven Mott Transition in MnO
The metal-insulator transition in correlated electron systems, where electron states transform from itinerant to localized, has been one of the central themes of condensed matter physics for more than half a century. The persistence of this question has been a consequence both of the intricacy of the fundamental issues and the growing recognition of the complexities that arise in real materials, even when strong repulsive interactions play the primary role. The initial concept of Mott was based on the relative importance of kinetic hopping (measured by the bandwidth) and on-site repulsion of electrons. Real materials, however, have many additional degrees of freedom that, as is recently attracting note, give rise to a rich variety of scenarios for a ``Mott transition.'' Here we report results for the classic correlated insulator MnO which reproduce a simultaneous moment collapse, volume collapse, and metallization transition near the observed pressure, and identify the mechanism as collapse of the magnetic moment due to increase of crystal field splitting, rather than to variation in the bandwidth.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci
the metalinsulator transition in correlated electron systems where electron states transform from itinerant to localized has been one of the central themes of condensed matter physics for more than half a century the persistence of this question has been a consequence both of the intricacy of the fundamental issues and the growing recognition of the complexities that arise in real materials even when strong repulsive interactions play the primary role the initial concept of mott was based on the relative importance of kinetic hopping measured by the bandwidth and onsite repulsion of electrons real materials however have many additional degrees of freedom that as is recently attracting note give rise to a rich variety of scenarios for a mott transition here we report results for the classic correlated insulator mno which reproduce a simultaneous moment collapse volume collapse and metallization transition near the observed pressure and identify the mechanism as collapse of the magnetic moment due to increase of crystal field splitting rather than to variation in the bandwidth
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712.1263
Crustal Oscillations of Slowly Rotating Relativistic Stars
We study low-amplitude crustal oscillations of slowly rotating relativistic stars consisting of a central fluid core and an outer thin solid crust. We estimate the effect of rotation on the torsional toroidal modes and on the interfacial and shear spheroidal modes. The results compared against the Newtonian ones for wide range of neutron star models and equations of state.
gr-qc astro-ph
we study lowamplitude crustal oscillations of slowly rotating relativistic stars consisting of a central fluid core and an outer thin solid crust we estimate the effect of rotation on the torsional toroidal modes and on the interfacial and shear spheroidal modes the results compared against the newtonian ones for wide range of neutron star models and equations of state
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712.1264
Theoretical construction of 1D anyon models
One-dimensional anyon models are renewedly constructed by using path integral formalism. A statistical interaction term is introduced to realize the anyonic exchange statistics. The quantum mechanics formulation of statistical transmutation is presented.
cond-mat.stat-mech
onedimensional anyon models are renewedly constructed by using path integral formalism a statistical interaction term is introduced to realize the anyonic exchange statistics the quantum mechanics formulation of statistical transmutation is presented
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712.1265
The trapped two-dimensional Bose gas: from Bose-Einstein condensation to Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless physics
We analyze the results of a recent experiment with bosonic rubidium atoms harmonically confined in a quasi-two-dimensional geometry. In this experiment a well defined critical point was identified, which separates the high-temperature normal state characterized by a single component density distribution, and the low-temperature state characterized by a bimodal density distribution and the emergence of high-contrast interference between independent two-dimensional clouds. We first show that this transition cannot be explained in terms of conventional Bose-Einstein condensation of the trapped ideal Bose gas. Using the local density approximation, we then combine the mean-field (MF) Hartree-Fock theory with the prediction for the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in an infinite uniform system. If the gas is treated as a strictly 2D system, the MF predictions for the spatial density profiles significantly deviate from those of a recent Quantum Monte-Carlo (QMC) analysis. However when the residual thermal excitation of the strongly confined degree of freedom is taken into account, an excellent agreement is reached between the MF and the QMC approaches. For the interaction strength corresponding to the experiment, we predict a strong correction to the critical atom number with respect to the ideal gas theory (factor $\sim 2$). A quantitative agreement between theory and experiment is reached concerning the critical atom number if the predicted density profiles are used for temperature calibration.
cond-mat.other
we analyze the results of a recent experiment with bosonic rubidium atoms harmonically confined in a quasitwodimensional geometry in this experiment a well defined critical point was identified which separates the hightemperature normal state characterized by a single component density distribution and the lowtemperature state characterized by a bimodal density distribution and the emergence of highcontrast interference between independent twodimensional clouds we first show that this transition cannot be explained in terms of conventional boseeinstein condensation of the trapped ideal bose gas using the local density approximation we then combine the meanfield mf hartreefock theory with the prediction for the berezinskiikosterlitzthouless transition in an infinite uniform system if the gas is treated as a strictly 2d system the mf predictions for the spatial density profiles significantly deviate from those of a recent quantum montecarlo qmc analysis however when the residual thermal excitation of the strongly confined degree of freedom is taken into account an excellent agreement is reached between the mf and the qmc approaches for the interaction strength corresponding to the experiment we predict a strong correction to the critical atom number with respect to the ideal gas theory factor sim 2 a quantitative agreement between theory and experiment is reached concerning the critical atom number if the predicted density profiles are used for temperature calibration
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712.1266
Majoration du nombre de z\'eros d'une fonction m\'eromorphe en dehors d'une droite verticale et applications
We study the distribution of the zeros of functions of the form $f(s)=h(s) \pm h(2a-s)$, where $h(s)$ is a meromorphic function, real on the real line, $a$ a real number. One of our results establishes sufficient conditions under which all but finitely many of the zeros of $f(s)$ lie on the line $\Re s = a$, called the {\it critical line} for the function $f(s)$, and be simple, given that all but finitely many of the zeros of $h(s)$ lie on the half-plane $\Re s < a$. This results can be regarded as a generalization of the necessary condition of stability for the function $h(s)$, in the Hermite-Biehler theorem. We apply this results to the study of translations of the Riemann Zeta Function and $L$ functions, and integrals of Eisenstein Series, among others.
math.NT math.CV
we study the distribution of the zeros of functions of the form fshs pm h2as where hs is a meromorphic function real on the real line a a real number one of our results establishes sufficient conditions under which all but finitely many of the zeros of fs lie on the line re s a called the it critical line for the function fs and be simple given that all but finitely many of the zeros of hs lie on the halfplane re s a this results can be regarded as a generalization of the necessary condition of stability for the function hs in the hermitebiehler theorem we apply this results to the study of translations of the riemann zeta function and l functions and integrals of eisenstein series among others
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712.1267
Plasma induced neutrino spin flip via the neutrino magnetic moment
The neutrino spin flip radiative conversion processes nu_L -> nu_R + gamma^* and nu_L + gamma^* -> nu_R in medium are considered. It is shown in part that an analysis of the so-called spin light of neutrino without a complete taking account of both the neutrino and the photon dispersion in medium is physically inconsistent.
hep-ph
the neutrino spin flip radiative conversion processes nu_l nu_r gamma and nu_l gamma nu_r in medium are considered it is shown in part that an analysis of the socalled spin light of neutrino without a complete taking account of both the neutrino and the photon dispersion in medium is physically inconsistent
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712.1268
Induced magnetism by single carbon vacancies in a three-dimensional graphitic network: a supercell study
We present an ab initio DFT study of the magnetic moments that arise in graphite by creating single carbon vacancies in a 3-D graphite network, using a full potential, all electron, spin polarized electronic structure calculations. In previous reports the appearance of magnetic moments was explained in a 2-D graphene sheet just through the existence of the vacancies itself [1-5]. The dependence of the arising magnetic moment on the nature and geometry of the vacancies for different supercells is reported. We found that the highest value of magnetic moment is obtained for a 3x3x1 supercell and that the highly diluted 5x5x1 supercell shows no magnetic ordering. The results obtained in this manuscript are indicative of the importance of interlayer interactions present in a 3-D stacking. We conclude that this should not be underestimated when vacancies-based studies on magnetism in graphitic systems are carried out.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we present an ab initio dft study of the magnetic moments that arise in graphite by creating single carbon vacancies in a 3d graphite network using a full potential all electron spin polarized electronic structure calculations in previous reports the appearance of magnetic moments was explained in a 2d graphene sheet just through the existence of the vacancies itself 15 the dependence of the arising magnetic moment on the nature and geometry of the vacancies for different supercells is reported we found that the highest value of magnetic moment is obtained for a 3x3x1 supercell and that the highly diluted 5x5x1 supercell shows no magnetic ordering the results obtained in this manuscript are indicative of the importance of interlayer interactions present in a 3d stacking we conclude that this should not be underestimated when vacanciesbased studies on magnetism in graphitic systems are carried out
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712.1269
On the facial structure of Symmetric and Graphical Traveling Salesman Polyhedra
The Symmetric Traveling Salesman Polytope $S_n$ for a fixed number $n$ of cities is a face of the corresponding Graphical Traveling Salesman Polyhedron $P_n$. This has been used to study facets of $S_n$ using $P_n$ as a tool. In this paper, we study the operation of "rotating" (or "lifting") valid inequalities for $S_n$ to obtain a valid inequalities for $P_n$. As an application, we describe a surprising relationship between (a) the parsimonious property of relaxations of the Symmetric Traveling Salesman Polytope and (b) a connectivity property of the ridge graph of the Graphical Traveling Salesman Polyhedron.
math.CO math.OC
the symmetric traveling salesman polytope s_n for a fixed number n of cities is a face of the corresponding graphical traveling salesman polyhedron p_n this has been used to study facets of s_n using p_n as a tool in this paper we study the operation of rotating or lifting valid inequalities for s_n to obtain a valid inequalities for p_n as an application we describe a surprising relationship between a the parsimonious property of relaxations of the symmetric traveling salesman polytope and b a connectivity property of the ridge graph of the graphical traveling salesman polyhedron
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712.127
Coulomb Blockade in Graphene Nanodisks
Graphene nanodisk is a graphene derivative with a closed edge. The trigonal zigzag nanodisk with size $N$ has $N$-fold degenerated zero-energy states. We investigate electron-electron interaction effects in the zero-energy sector. We explicitely derive the direct and exchange interactions, which are found to have no SU($N$) symmetry. Then, regarding a nanodisk as a quantum dot with an internal degree of freedom, we analyze the nanodisk-lead system consisting of a nanodisk and two leads. Employing the standard Green function method, we reveal novel Coulomb blockade effects in the system. The occupation number in the nanodisk exhibits a peculiar series of plateaux and dips, reflecting a peculiar structure of energy spectrum of nanodisk without SU($N$) symmetry. Dips are argued to emerge due to a Coulomb correlation effect.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mes-hall
graphene nanodisk is a graphene derivative with a closed edge the trigonal zigzag nanodisk with size n has nfold degenerated zeroenergy states we investigate electronelectron interaction effects in the zeroenergy sector we explicitely derive the direct and exchange interactions which are found to have no sun symmetry then regarding a nanodisk as a quantum dot with an internal degree of freedom we analyze the nanodisklead system consisting of a nanodisk and two leads employing the standard green function method we reveal novel coulomb blockade effects in the system the occupation number in the nanodisk exhibits a peculiar series of plateaux and dips reflecting a peculiar structure of energy spectrum of nanodisk without sun symmetry dips are argued to emerge due to a coulomb correlation effect
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712.1271
Fundamentals for Symplectic $\mathcal{A}$-modules
Sheaf theoretically based Abstract Differential Geometry incorporates and generalizes all the classical differential geometry. Here, we undertake to partially explore the implications of Abstract Differential Geometry to classical symplectic geometry. The full investigation will be presented elsewhere.
math.SG
sheaf theoretically based abstract differential geometry incorporates and generalizes all the classical differential geometry here we undertake to partially explore the implications of abstract differential geometry to classical symplectic geometry the full investigation will be presented elsewhere
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712.1272
Navigation between quantum states by quantum mirrors
We introduce a technique that allows one to connect any two arbitrary (pure or mixed) superposition states of an N-state quantum system. The proposed solution to this inverse quantum mechanical problem is analytical, exact, and very compact. The technique uses standard and generalized quantum Householder reflections (QHRs), which require external pulses of precise areas and frequencies. We show that any two pure states can be linked by just a single generalized QHR. The transfer between any two mixed states with the same dynamic invariants (e.g., the same density matrix eigenvalues) requires in general N QHRs. Moreover, we propose recipes for synthesis of arbitrary preselected mixed states using a combination of QHRs and incoherent processes (pure dephasing or spontaneous emission).
quant-ph
we introduce a technique that allows one to connect any two arbitrary pure or mixed superposition states of an nstate quantum system the proposed solution to this inverse quantum mechanical problem is analytical exact and very compact the technique uses standard and generalized quantum householder reflections qhrs which require external pulses of precise areas and frequencies we show that any two pure states can be linked by just a single generalized qhr the transfer between any two mixed states with the same dynamic invariants eg the same density matrix eigenvalues requires in general n qhrs moreover we propose recipes for synthesis of arbitrary preselected mixed states using a combination of qhrs and incoherent processes pure dephasing or spontaneous emission
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712.1273
Jupiter, Saturn and the Pioneer anomaly: a planetary-based independent test
In this paper we use the ratio of the corrections to the standard Newtonian/Einsteinian secular precessions of the longitudes of perihelia of Jupiter and Saturn, recently estimated by the Russian astronomer E.V. Pitjeva by fitting almost one century of data with the EPM ephemerides, to make an independent, planetary-based test of the hypothesis that the Pioneer anomaly (PA), as it is presently known in the 5-10 AU region, is of gravitational origin. Accounting for the errors in the determined apsidal extra-rates and in the values of the PA acceleration at the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn the answer is negative. If and when the re-analysis of the entire Pioneer 10/11 will be completed more firm conclusions could be reached. Moreover, it would also be important that other teams of astronomers estimate independently their own corrections to the perihelion precessions.
gr-qc astro-ph hep-ph physics.space-ph
in this paper we use the ratio of the corrections to the standard newtonianeinsteinian secular precessions of the longitudes of perihelia of jupiter and saturn recently estimated by the russian astronomer ev pitjeva by fitting almost one century of data with the epm ephemerides to make an independent planetarybased test of the hypothesis that the pioneer anomaly pa as it is presently known in the 510 au region is of gravitational origin accounting for the errors in the determined apsidal extrarates and in the values of the pa acceleration at the orbits of jupiter and saturn the answer is negative if and when the reanalysis of the entire pioneer 1011 will be completed more firm conclusions could be reached moreover it would also be important that other teams of astronomers estimate independently their own corrections to the perihelion precessions
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712.1274
INTEGRAL observation of the accreting pulsar 1E1145.1-6141
We analyze 1050 ks of INTEGRAL data of the high mass X-ray binary pulsar 1E 1145.1-6141 to study its properties over a long time baseline, from June 2003 to June 2004, with wide spectral coverage. We study three high luminosity episodes, two of them at the system apoastron, three brightening with lower intensity, two at the periastron, and one extended period of intermediate luminosity spanning one orbital cycle. We perform timing analysis to determine the pulse period and pulse profiles at different energy ranges. We also analyze the broad band phase average spectrum of different luminosity states and perform phase resolved spectroscopy for the first flare. From the timing analysis, we find a pulse period of ~297 s around MJD 53000 with a significant scatter around the mean value. From the spectral analysis we find that the source emission can be described by an absorbed bremsstrahlung model in which the electron temperature varies between ~25 and ~37 keV, without any correlation to luminosity, and the intrinsic absorbing column is constantly of the order of 10^23 cm^-2. Phase resolved spectral analysis evidences a different temperature of the plasma in the ascending and descending edges of the pulse during the first flare. This justifies the pulse maximum shift by ~0.4 phase units between 20 and 100 keV observed in the pulse profiles. The comparison with the previous period measurements reveals that the source is currently spinning-down, in contrast to the long term secular trend observed so far indicating that at least a temporary accretion disk is formed. The study of the spectral property variations with respect to time and spin phase suggests the presence of two emitting components at different temperatures whose relative intensity varies with time.
astro-ph
we analyze 1050 ks of integral data of the high mass xray binary pulsar 1e 114516141 to study its properties over a long time baseline from june 2003 to june 2004 with wide spectral coverage we study three high luminosity episodes two of them at the system apoastron three brightening with lower intensity two at the periastron and one extended period of intermediate luminosity spanning one orbital cycle we perform timing analysis to determine the pulse period and pulse profiles at different energy ranges we also analyze the broad band phase average spectrum of different luminosity states and perform phase resolved spectroscopy for the first flare from the timing analysis we find a pulse period of 297 s around mjd 53000 with a significant scatter around the mean value from the spectral analysis we find that the source emission can be described by an absorbed bremsstrahlung model in which the electron temperature varies between 25 and 37 kev without any correlation to luminosity and the intrinsic absorbing column is constantly of the order of 1023 cm2 phase resolved spectral analysis evidences a different temperature of the plasma in the ascending and descending edges of the pulse during the first flare this justifies the pulse maximum shift by 04 phase units between 20 and 100 kev observed in the pulse profiles the comparison with the previous period measurements reveals that the source is currently spinningdown in contrast to the long term secular trend observed so far indicating that at least a temporary accretion disk is formed the study of the spectral property variations with respect to time and spin phase suggests the presence of two emitting components at different temperatures whose relative intensity varies with time
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712.1275
Continuous-time trading and emergence of randomness
A new definition of events of game-theoretic probability zero in continuous time is proposed and used to prove results suggesting that trading in financial markets results in the emergence of properties usually associated with randomness. This paper concentrates on "qualitative" results, stated in terms of order (or order topology) rather than in terms of the precise values taken by the price processes (assumed continuous).
q-fin.TR math.PR
a new definition of events of gametheoretic probability zero in continuous time is proposed and used to prove results suggesting that trading in financial markets results in the emergence of properties usually associated with randomness this paper concentrates on qualitative results stated in terms of order or order topology rather than in terms of the precise values taken by the price processes assumed continuous
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712.1276
Superconductivity in the Three-Fold Charge-Ordered Metal of the Triangular-Lattice Extended Hubbard Model
The quarter-filling extended Hubbard model on the triangular lattice is studied to explore pairing instability in the three-fold charge-ordered (CO) metal. We derive a second-order strong-coupling effective Hamiltonian of doped carriers into the three-fold CO insulator at electron density of $n=2/3$, and then study the $f$- and $d_{xy}$-wave superconductivities down to $n=1/2$ by using the BCS mean-field approximation. It is found that the triplet $f$-wave pairing is more stable than the $d_{xy}$-wave one. We also point out that this coexisting state of the charge ordering and superconductivity is possible to have critical temperature $T_c \sim 0.01 t$.
cond-mat.supr-con
the quarterfilling extended hubbard model on the triangular lattice is studied to explore pairing instability in the threefold chargeordered co metal we derive a secondorder strongcoupling effective hamiltonian of doped carriers into the threefold co insulator at electron density of n23 and then study the f and d_xywave superconductivities down to n12 by using the bcs meanfield approximation it is found that the triplet fwave pairing is more stable than the d_xywave one we also point out that this coexisting state of the charge ordering and superconductivity is possible to have critical temperature t_c sim 001 t
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712.1277
Spin-resolved crossed Andreev reflection in ballistic heterostructures
We theoretically analyze non-local effects in electron transport across three-terminal ballistic normal-superconducting-normal (NSN) structures with spin-active interfaces. Subgap electrons entering S-electrode from one N-metal may form Cooper pairs with their counterparts penetrating from another N-metal. This phenomenon of crossed Andreev reflection is highly sensitive to electron spins and yields a rich variety of properties of non-local conductance which we describe non-perturbatively at arbitrary interface transmissions, voltages and temperatures. Our results can be applied to hybrid structures with normal, ferromagnetic and half-metallic electrodes and can be directly tested in future experiments.
cond-mat.supr-con
we theoretically analyze nonlocal effects in electron transport across threeterminal ballistic normalsuperconductingnormal nsn structures with spinactive interfaces subgap electrons entering selectrode from one nmetal may form cooper pairs with their counterparts penetrating from another nmetal this phenomenon of crossed andreev reflection is highly sensitive to electron spins and yields a rich variety of properties of nonlocal conductance which we describe nonperturbatively at arbitrary interface transmissions voltages and temperatures our results can be applied to hybrid structures with normal ferromagnetic and halfmetallic electrodes and can be directly tested in future experiments
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712.1278
Analytical models for quark stars
We find two new classes of exact solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell system of equations. The matter content satisfies a linear equation of state consistent with quark matter; a particular form of one of the gravitational potentials is specified to generate solutions. The exact solutions can be written in terms of elementary functions, and these can be related to quark matter in the presence of an electromagnetic field. The first class of solutions generalises the Mak and Harko model. The second class of solutions does not admit any singularities in the matter and gravitational potentials at the centre.
gr-qc
we find two new classes of exact solutions to the einsteinmaxwell system of equations the matter content satisfies a linear equation of state consistent with quark matter a particular form of one of the gravitational potentials is specified to generate solutions the exact solutions can be written in terms of elementary functions and these can be related to quark matter in the presence of an electromagnetic field the first class of solutions generalises the mak and harko model the second class of solutions does not admit any singularities in the matter and gravitational potentials at the centre
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