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712.1379
Three Dimensional Molecular Line Transfer Study of Extragalactic ISM : AGN/Starburst Connection
Molecular gas in external galaxies is a subject of crucial importance for observational and theoretical studies of galaxy formation. Compact molecular gas around an active galactic nuclei (AGN) is expected to be an energy budget of AGN and/or nuclear starburst. Recent observational studies suggest that line ratios in millimeter and submillimeter band may be a good tool to reveal the long-standing question on the origin of activity -- AGN or nuclear starburst. We have constructed a powerful "telescope" of theory, three-dimensional nonLTE line transfer code, preceding the high resolution and sensitivity observations such as ALMA.
astro-ph
molecular gas in external galaxies is a subject of crucial importance for observational and theoretical studies of galaxy formation compact molecular gas around an active galactic nuclei agn is expected to be an energy budget of agn andor nuclear starburst recent observational studies suggest that line ratios in millimeter and submillimeter band may be a good tool to reveal the longstanding question on the origin of activity agn or nuclear starburst we have constructed a powerful telescope of theory threedimensional nonlte line transfer code preceding the high resolution and sensitivity observations such as alma
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712.138
Fractal scale-invariant and nonlinear properties of cardiac dynamics remain stable with advanced age: A new mechanistic picture of cardiac control in healthy elderly
We analyze heartbeat interval recordings from two independent databases: (a) 19 healthy young (avg. age 25.7 years) and 16 healthy elderly subjects (avg. age 73.8 years) during 2h under resting conditions from the Fantasia database; and (b) 29 healthy elderly subjects (avg. age 75.9 years) during $\approx{}8$h of sleep from the SHHS database, and the same subjects recorded 5 years later. We quantify: (1) The average heart rate <RR>; (2) the SD $\sigma_{RR}$ and $\sigma_{\Delta{}RR}$ of the heartbeat intervals RR and their increments $\Delta{}RR$; (3) the long-range correlations in RR as measured by the scaling exponent $\alpha_{RR}$ using the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis; (4) fractal linear and nonlinear properties as represented by the scaling exponents $\alpha^{sign}$ and $\alpha^{mag}$ for the time series of the sign and magnitude of $\Delta{}RR$; (5) the nonlinear fractal dimension $D(k)$ of $RR$ using the Fractal Dimension Analysis. We find: (1) No significant difference in $\left<RR\right>$ (P>0.05); (2) a significant difference in $\sigma_{RR}$ and $\sigma_{\Delta{}RR}$ for the Fantasia groups (P<10^{-4}) but no significant change with age between the elderly SHHS groups (P>0.5); (3) no significant change in the fractal measures $\alpha_{RR}$ (P>0.15), $\alpha^{sign}$ (P>0.2), $\alpha^{mag}$ (P>0.3), and D(k) with age. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that fractal linear and nonlinear characteristics of heartbeat dynamics break down with advanced age in healthy subjects. While our results indeed show a reduced SD of heartbeat fluctuations with advanced age, the inherent temporal fractal and nonlinear organization of these fluctuations remains stable.
physics.data-an cond-mat.soft physics.bio-ph physics.med-ph q-bio.OT
we analyze heartbeat interval recordings from two independent databases a 19 healthy young avg age 257 years and 16 healthy elderly subjects avg age 738 years during 2h under resting conditions from the fantasia database and b 29 healthy elderly subjects avg age 759 years during approx8h of sleep from the shhs database and the same subjects recorded 5 years later we quantify 1 the average heart rate rr 2 the sd sigma_rr and sigma_deltarr of the heartbeat intervals rr and their increments deltarr 3 the longrange correlations in rr as measured by the scaling exponent alpha_rr using the detrended fluctuation analysis 4 fractal linear and nonlinear properties as represented by the scaling exponents alphasign and alphamag for the time series of the sign and magnitude of deltarr 5 the nonlinear fractal dimension dk of rr using the fractal dimension analysis we find 1 no significant difference in leftrrright p005 2 a significant difference in sigma_rr and sigma_deltarr for the fantasia groups p104 but no significant change with age between the elderly shhs groups p05 3 no significant change in the fractal measures alpha_rr p015 alphasign p02 alphamag p03 and dk with age our findings do not support the hypothesis that fractal linear and nonlinear characteristics of heartbeat dynamics break down with advanced age in healthy subjects while our results indeed show a reduced sd of heartbeat fluctuations with advanced age the inherent temporal fractal and nonlinear organization of these fluctuations remains stable
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712.1381
Cluster combinatorics of d-cluster categories
We study the cluster combinatorics of $d-$cluster tilting objects in $d-$cluster categories. By using mutations of maximal rigid objects in $d-$cluster categories which are defined similarly for $d-$cluster tilting objects, we prove the equivalences between $d-$cluster tilting objects, maximal rigid objects and complete rigid objects. Using the chain of $d+1$ triangles of $d-$cluster tilting objects in [IY], we prove that any almost complete $d-$cluster tilting object has exactly $d+1$ complements, compute the extension groups between these complements, and study the middle terms of these $d+1$ triangles. All results are the extensions of corresponding results on cluster tilting objects in cluster categories established in [BMRRT] to $d-$cluster categories. They are applied to the Fomin-Reading's generalized cluster complexes of finite root systems defined and studied in [FR2] [Th] [BaM1-2], and to that of infinite root systems [Zh3].
math.RT math.CO
we study the cluster combinatorics of dcluster tilting objects in dcluster categories by using mutations of maximal rigid objects in dcluster categories which are defined similarly for dcluster tilting objects we prove the equivalences between dcluster tilting objects maximal rigid objects and complete rigid objects using the chain of d1 triangles of dcluster tilting objects in iy we prove that any almost complete dcluster tilting object has exactly d1 complements compute the extension groups between these complements and study the middle terms of these d1 triangles all results are the extensions of corresponding results on cluster tilting objects in cluster categories established in bmrrt to dcluster categories they are applied to the fominreadings generalized cluster complexes of finite root systems defined and studied in fr2 th bam12 and to that of infinite root systems zh3
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712.1382
The connection between globular cluster systems and their host galaxy and environment: a case study of the isolated elliptical NGC 821
In an effort to probe the globular cluster (GC) system of an isolated elliptical galaxy, a comprehensive analysis of the NGC 821 GC system was performed. New imaging from the WIYN Mini-Mosaic imager, supplemented with Hubbl e Space Telescope (HST) WFPC2 images reveals a GC system similar to those found in counterpart ellipticals located in high-density environments. To put these results into the context of galaxy formation, a robustly-determined census of GC systems is presented and analysed for galaxies spanning a wide range of masses (> M_star), morphologies and environments. Results from this meta-study: (1) confirm previous findings that the number of GCs normalized by host galaxy stellar mass increases with host stellar mass. Spiral galaxies in the sample show smaller relative GC numbers than those of massive ellipticals, suggesting the GC systems of massive ellipticals were not formed from major spiral-spiral mergers; (2) indicate that GC system numbers per unit galaxy baryon mass increases with host baryon mass and that GC formation efficiency may not be universal as previously thought; (3) suggest previously reported trends with environment may be incorrect due to sample bias or the use of galaxy stellar masses to normalize GC numbers. Thus claims for environmentally dependent GC formation efficiencies should be revisited; (4) in combination with weak-lensing halo mass estimates, suggest that GCs formed in direct proportion to the halo mass; (5) are consistent with theoretical predictions whereby the local epoch of re-ionization did not vary significantly with environment or host galaxy type.
astro-ph
in an effort to probe the globular cluster gc system of an isolated elliptical galaxy a comprehensive analysis of the ngc 821 gc system was performed new imaging from the wiyn minimosaic imager supplemented with hubbl e space telescope hst wfpc2 images reveals a gc system similar to those found in counterpart ellipticals located in highdensity environments to put these results into the context of galaxy formation a robustlydetermined census of gc systems is presented and analysed for galaxies spanning a wide range of masses m_star morphologies and environments results from this metastudy 1 confirm previous findings that the number of gcs normalized by host galaxy stellar mass increases with host stellar mass spiral galaxies in the sample show smaller relative gc numbers than those of massive ellipticals suggesting the gc systems of massive ellipticals were not formed from major spiralspiral mergers 2 indicate that gc system numbers per unit galaxy baryon mass increases with host baryon mass and that gc formation efficiency may not be universal as previously thought 3 suggest previously reported trends with environment may be incorrect due to sample bias or the use of galaxy stellar masses to normalize gc numbers thus claims for environmentally dependent gc formation efficiencies should be revisited 4 in combination with weaklensing halo mass estimates suggest that gcs formed in direct proportion to the halo mass 5 are consistent with theoretical predictions whereby the local epoch of reionization did not vary significantly with environment or host galaxy type
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712.1383
Spin transport in nanocontacts and nanowires
In this thesis we study electron transport through magnetic nanocontacts and nanowires with ab initio quantum transport calculations. The aim is to gain a thorough understanding of the interplay between electrical conduction and magnetism in atomic-size conductors and how it is affected by different aspects as e.g. the atomic structure and the chemical composition of the conductor. To this end our ab initio quantum transport program ALACANT which combines the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism (NEGF) with density functional theory (DFT) calculations has been extended to describe spin-polarized systems. We present calculations on nanocontacts made of Ni as a prototypical magnetic material. We find that atomic disorder in the contact region strongly reduces the a priori high spin-polarization of the conductance leading to rather moderate values of the so-called ballistic magnetoresistance (BMR). On the other hand, we show that the adsorption of oxygen in the contact region could strongly enhance the spin-polarization of the conduction electrons and thus BMR by eliminating the spin-unpolarized s-channel. Finally, we show that short atomic Pt chains suspended between the tips of a nanocontact are magnetic in contrast to bulk Pt. However, this emergent nanoscale magnetism barely affects the overall conductance of the nanocontact making it thus difficult to demonstrate by simple conductance measurements. In conclusion, we find that spin-transport through atomic-scale conductors is quite sensitive to the actual atomic structure as well as to the chemical composition of the conductor. This presents both, opportunities and challenges for the realization of future nanoscale spintronics devices.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall
in this thesis we study electron transport through magnetic nanocontacts and nanowires with ab initio quantum transport calculations the aim is to gain a thorough understanding of the interplay between electrical conduction and magnetism in atomicsize conductors and how it is affected by different aspects as eg the atomic structure and the chemical composition of the conductor to this end our ab initio quantum transport program alacant which combines the nonequilibrium greens function formalism negf with density functional theory dft calculations has been extended to describe spinpolarized systems we present calculations on nanocontacts made of ni as a prototypical magnetic material we find that atomic disorder in the contact region strongly reduces the a priori high spinpolarization of the conductance leading to rather moderate values of the socalled ballistic magnetoresistance bmr on the other hand we show that the adsorption of oxygen in the contact region could strongly enhance the spinpolarization of the conduction electrons and thus bmr by eliminating the spinunpolarized schannel finally we show that short atomic pt chains suspended between the tips of a nanocontact are magnetic in contrast to bulk pt however this emergent nanoscale magnetism barely affects the overall conductance of the nanocontact making it thus difficult to demonstrate by simple conductance measurements in conclusion we find that spintransport through atomicscale conductors is quite sensitive to the actual atomic structure as well as to the chemical composition of the conductor this presents both opportunities and challenges for the realization of future nanoscale spintronics devices
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712.1384
Generalized entropy function for Schwarzschild and non-extremal black holes in string theory
This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to a crucial error
hep-th
this paper has been withdrawn by the author due to a crucial error
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712.1385
Cotangent Microbundle Category, I
We define a local version of the extended symplectic category, the cotangent microbundle category, MiC, which turns out to be a true monoidal category. We show that a monoid in this category induces a Poisson manifold together with the local symplectic groupoid integrating it. Moreover, we prove that monoid morphisms produce Poisson maps between the induced Poisson manifolds in a functorial way. This gives a functor between the category of monoids in MiC and the category of Poisson manifolds and Poisson maps. Conversely, the semi-classical part of the Kontsevich star-product associated to a real-analytic Poisson structure on an open subset of R^n produces a monoid in MiC.
math-ph math.MP math.SG
we define a local version of the extended symplectic category the cotangent microbundle category mic which turns out to be a true monoidal category we show that a monoid in this category induces a poisson manifold together with the local symplectic groupoid integrating it moreover we prove that monoid morphisms produce poisson maps between the induced poisson manifolds in a functorial way this gives a functor between the category of monoids in mic and the category of poisson manifolds and poisson maps conversely the semiclassical part of the kontsevich starproduct associated to a realanalytic poisson structure on an open subset of rn produces a monoid in mic
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712.1386
Observation of the Crab Nebula with the MAGIC telescope
We report about very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray observations of the Crab Nebula with the MAGIC telescope. The gamma-ray flux from the nebula was measured between 60 GeV and 9 TeV. The energy spectrum can be described with a curved power law dF/dE=f_0 (E/300GeV)^(a+b log10(E/300GeV)) with a flux normalization f_0 of (6.0+-0.2stat)*10^-10 cm^-2 s^-1 TeV^-1, a=-2.31+-0.06stat and b=-0.26+-0.07stat. The position of the IC-peak is determined at 77+-47 GeV. Within the observation time and the experimental resolution of the telescope, the gamma-ray emission is steady and pointlike. The emission's center of gravity coincides with the position of the pulsar. Pulsed gamma-ray emission from the pulsar could not be detected. We constrain the cutoff energy of the spectrum to be less than ~30 GeV, assuming that the differential energy spectrum has an exponential cutoff. For a super-exponential shape, the cutoff energy can be as high as ~60GeV.
astro-ph
we report about very high energy vhe gammaray observations of the crab nebula with the magic telescope the gammaray flux from the nebula was measured between 60 gev and 9 tev the energy spectrum can be described with a curved power law dfdef_0 e300gevab log10e300gev with a flux normalization f_0 of 6002stat1010 cm2 s1 tev1 a231006stat and b026007stat the position of the icpeak is determined at 7747 gev within the observation time and the experimental resolution of the telescope the gammaray emission is steady and pointlike the emissions center of gravity coincides with the position of the pulsar pulsed gammaray emission from the pulsar could not be detected we constrain the cutoff energy of the spectrum to be less than 30 gev assuming that the differential energy spectrum has an exponential cutoff for a superexponential shape the cutoff energy can be as high as 60gev
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712.1387
Transient Oscillation of Currents in Quantum Hall Effect of Bloch Electrons
We consider the quantum Hall effect of two-dimensional electrons with a periodic potential and study the time dependence of the Hall and longitudinal currents when the electric field is applied abruptly. We find that the currents oscillate in time with very large frequencies because of quantum fluctuation and the oscillations eventually vanish, for their amplitudes decay as 1/t.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we consider the quantum hall effect of twodimensional electrons with a periodic potential and study the time dependence of the hall and longitudinal currents when the electric field is applied abruptly we find that the currents oscillate in time with very large frequencies because of quantum fluctuation and the oscillations eventually vanish for their amplitudes decay as 1t
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712.1388
The Local Consistency Problem for Stoquastic and 1-D Quantum Systems
The Local Hamiltonian problem (finding the ground state energy of a quantum system) is known to be QMA-complete. The Local Consistency problem (deciding whether descriptions of small pieces of a quantum system are consistent) is also known to be QMA-complete. Here we consider special cases of Local Hamiltonian, for ``stoquastic'' and 1-dimensional systems, that seem to be strictly easier than QMA. We show that there exist analogous special cases of Local Consistency, that have equivalent complexity (up to poly-time oracle reductions). Our main technical tool is a new reduction from Local Consistency to Local Hamiltonian, using SDP duality.
quant-ph
the local hamiltonian problem finding the ground state energy of a quantum system is known to be qmacomplete the local consistency problem deciding whether descriptions of small pieces of a quantum system are consistent is also known to be qmacomplete here we consider special cases of local hamiltonian for stoquastic and 1dimensional systems that seem to be strictly easier than qma we show that there exist analogous special cases of local consistency that have equivalent complexity up to polytime oracle reductions our main technical tool is a new reduction from local consistency to local hamiltonian using sdp duality
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712.1389
Absolute polarimetry at RHIC
Precise and absolute beam polarization measurements are critical for the RHIC spin physics program. Because all experimental spin-dependent results are normalized by beam polarization, the normalization uncertainty contributes directly to final physics uncertainties. We aimed to perform the beam polarization measurement to an accuracy of $\Delta P_{beam}/P_{beam} < 5%$. The absolute polarimeter consists of Polarized Atomic Hydrogen Gas Jet Target and left-right pairs of silicon strip detectors and was installed in the RHIC-ring in 2004. This system features \textit{proton-proton} elastic scattering in the Coulomb nuclear interference (CNI) region. Precise measurements of the analyzing power $A_N$ of this process has allowed us to achieve $\Delta P_{beam}/P_{beam} =4.2%$ in 2005 for the first long spin-physics run. In this report, we describe the entire set up and performance of the system. The procedure of beam polarization measurement and analysis results from 2004-2005 are described. Physics topics of $A_N$ in the CNI region (four-momentum transfer squared $0.001 < -t < 0.032 ~ ({\rm GeV}/c)^2$) are also discussed. We point out the current issues and expected optimum accuracy in 2006 and the future.
nucl-ex
precise and absolute beam polarization measurements are critical for the rhic spin physics program because all experimental spindependent results are normalized by beam polarization the normalization uncertainty contributes directly to final physics uncertainties we aimed to perform the beam polarization measurement to an accuracy of delta p_beamp_beam 5 the absolute polarimeter consists of polarized atomic hydrogen gas jet target and leftright pairs of silicon strip detectors and was installed in the rhicring in 2004 this system features textitprotonproton elastic scattering in the coulomb nuclear interference cni region precise measurements of the analyzing power a_n of this process has allowed us to achieve delta p_beamp_beam 42 in 2005 for the first long spinphysics run in this report we describe the entire set up and performance of the system the procedure of beam polarization measurement and analysis results from 20042005 are described physics topics of a_n in the cni region fourmomentum transfer squared 0001 t 0032 rm gevc2 are also discussed we point out the current issues and expected optimum accuracy in 2006 and the future
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712.139
Field-induced metal-insulator transition and switching phenomenon in correlated insulators
We study the nonequilibrium switching phenomenon associated with the metal-insulator transition under electric field E in correlated insulator by a gauge-covariant Keldysh formalism. Due to the feedback effect of the resistive current I, this occurs as a first-order transition with a hysteresis of I-V characteristics having a lower threshold electric field (\sim 10^4 Vcm^{-1}) much weaker than that for the Zener breakdown. It is also found that the localized mid-gap states introduced by impurities and defects act as hot spots across which the resonant tunneling occurs selectively, which leads to the conductive filamentary paths and reduces the energy cost of the switching function.
cond-mat.other cond-mat.stat-mech
we study the nonequilibrium switching phenomenon associated with the metalinsulator transition under electric field e in correlated insulator by a gaugecovariant keldysh formalism due to the feedback effect of the resistive current i this occurs as a firstorder transition with a hysteresis of iv characteristics having a lower threshold electric field sim 104 vcm1 much weaker than that for the zener breakdown it is also found that the localized midgap states introduced by impurities and defects act as hot spots across which the resonant tunneling occurs selectively which leads to the conductive filamentary paths and reduces the energy cost of the switching function
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712.1391
The Hyperbolic Lattice Point Count in Infinite Volume with Applications to Sieves
We develop novel techniques using abstract operator theory to obtain asymptotic formulae for lattice counting problems on infinite-volume hyperbolic manifolds, with error terms which are uniform as the lattice moves through "congruence" subgroups. We give the following application to the theory of affine linear sieves. In the spirit of Fermat, consider the problem of primes in the sum of two squares, f(c,d)=c^2+d^2, but restrict (c,d) to the orbit O = (0,1).Gamma, where Gamma is an infinite-index non-elementary finitely-generated subgroup of SL(2,Z). Assume that the Reimann surface Gamma\H^2 has a cusp at infinity. We show that the set of values f(O) contains infinitely many integers having at most R prime factors for any R>4/(delta-theta), where theta>1/2 is the spectral gap and delta<1 is the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set of Gamma. If delta>149/150, then we can take theta=5/6, giving R=25. The limit of this method is R=9 for delta-theta>4/9. This is the same number of prime factors as attained in Brun's original attack on the twin prime conjecture.
math.NT math.SP
we develop novel techniques using abstract operator theory to obtain asymptotic formulae for lattice counting problems on infinitevolume hyperbolic manifolds with error terms which are uniform as the lattice moves through congruence subgroups we give the following application to the theory of affine linear sieves in the spirit of fermat consider the problem of primes in the sum of two squares fcdc2d2 but restrict cd to the orbit o 01gamma where gamma is an infiniteindex nonelementary finitelygenerated subgroup of sl2z assume that the reimann surface gammah2 has a cusp at infinity we show that the set of values fo contains infinitely many integers having at most r prime factors for any r4deltatheta where theta12 is the spectral gap and delta1 is the hausdorff dimension of the limit set of gamma if delta149150 then we can take theta56 giving r25 the limit of this method is r9 for deltatheta49 this is the same number of prime factors as attained in bruns original attack on the twin prime conjecture
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712.1392
Chirality tunneling and quantum dynamics for domain walls in mesoscopic ferromagnets
We studied the quantum dynamics of ferromagnetic domain walls (topological kink-type solitons) in one dimensional ferromagnetic spin chains. We show that the tunneling probability does not depend on the number of spins in a domain wall; thus, this probability can be large even for a domain wall containing a large number of spins. We also predict that there is a strong interplay between the tunneling of a wall from one lattice site to another (tunneling of the kink coordinate) and the tunneling of the kink topological charge (so-called chirality). Both of these elementary processes are suppressed for kinks in one-dimensional ferromagnets with half-integer spin. The dispersion law (i.e., the domain wall energy versus momentum) is essentially different for chains with either integer or half-integer spins. The predicted quantum effects could be observed for mesoscopic magnetic structures, e.g., chains of magnetic clusters, large-spin molecules, or nanosize magnetic dots.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we studied the quantum dynamics of ferromagnetic domain walls topological kinktype solitons in one dimensional ferromagnetic spin chains we show that the tunneling probability does not depend on the number of spins in a domain wall thus this probability can be large even for a domain wall containing a large number of spins we also predict that there is a strong interplay between the tunneling of a wall from one lattice site to another tunneling of the kink coordinate and the tunneling of the kink topological charge socalled chirality both of these elementary processes are suppressed for kinks in onedimensional ferromagnets with halfinteger spin the dispersion law ie the domain wall energy versus momentum is essentially different for chains with either integer or halfinteger spins the predicted quantum effects could be observed for mesoscopic magnetic structures eg chains of magnetic clusters largespin molecules or nanosize magnetic dots
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712.1393
Local wellposedness for the 2+1 dimensional monopole equation
The space-time monopole equation on $\R^{2+1}$ can be derived by a dimensional reduction of the anti-self-dual Yang Mills equations on $\R^{2+2}$. It can be also viewed as the hyperbolic analog of Bogomolny equations. We uncover null forms in the nonlinearities and employ optimal bilinear estimates in the framework of Wave-Sobolev spaces. As a result, we show the equation is locally wellposed in the Coulomb gauge for initial data sufficiently small in $H^s$ for $s>{1/4}$.
math.AP
the spacetime monopole equation on r21 can be derived by a dimensional reduction of the antiselfdual yang mills equations on r22 it can be also viewed as the hyperbolic analog of bogomolny equations we uncover null forms in the nonlinearities and employ optimal bilinear estimates in the framework of wavesobolev spaces as a result we show the equation is locally wellposed in the coulomb gauge for initial data sufficiently small in hs for s14
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712.1394
A Holographic Dark Energy Model from Ricci Scalar Curvature
Motivated by the holographic principle, it has been suggested that the dark energy density may be inversely proportional to the area of the event horizon of the Universe. However, such a model would have a causality problem. In this paper, we propose to replace the future event horizon area with the inverse of the Ricci scalar curvature. We show that this model does not only avoid the causality problem and is phenomenologically viable, but also naturally solves the coincidence problem of dark energy. Our analysis of the evolution of density perturbations show that the matter power spectra and CMB temperature anisotropy is only slightly affected by such modification.
astro-ph gr-qc hep-th
motivated by the holographic principle it has been suggested that the dark energy density may be inversely proportional to the area of the event horizon of the universe however such a model would have a causality problem in this paper we propose to replace the future event horizon area with the inverse of the ricci scalar curvature we show that this model does not only avoid the causality problem and is phenomenologically viable but also naturally solves the coincidence problem of dark energy our analysis of the evolution of density perturbations show that the matter power spectra and cmb temperature anisotropy is only slightly affected by such modification
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712.1395
Anomalous temperature dependence of the Casimir force for thin metal films
Within the framework of the Drude dispersive model, we predict an unusual non-monotonous temperature dependence of the Casimir force for thin metal films. For certain conditions, this force decreases with temperature due to the decrease of the metallic conductivity, whereas the force increases at high temperatures due to the increase of the thermal radiation pressure. We consider the attraction of a film to: either (i) a bulk ideal metal with a planar boundary, or (ii) a bulk metal sphere (lens). The experimental observation of the predicted non-monotonous temperature dependence of the Casimir force can put an end to the long-standing discussion on the role of the electron relaxation in the Casimir effect.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci
within the framework of the drude dispersive model we predict an unusual nonmonotonous temperature dependence of the casimir force for thin metal films for certain conditions this force decreases with temperature due to the decrease of the metallic conductivity whereas the force increases at high temperatures due to the increase of the thermal radiation pressure we consider the attraction of a film to either i a bulk ideal metal with a planar boundary or ii a bulk metal sphere lens the experimental observation of the predicted nonmonotonous temperature dependence of the casimir force can put an end to the longstanding discussion on the role of the electron relaxation in the casimir effect
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712.1396
New string vacua from twistor spaces
We find a new family of AdS_4 vacua in IIA string theory. The internal space is topologically either the complex projective space CP^3 or the "flag manifold" SU(3)/(U(1)xU(1)), but the metric is in general neither Einstein nor Kaehler. All known moduli are stabilized by fluxes, without using quantum effects or orientifold planes. The analysis is completely ten--dimensional and does not rely on assumptions about Kaluza--Klein reduction.
hep-th
we find a new family of ads_4 vacua in iia string theory the internal space is topologically either the complex projective space cp3 or the flag manifold su3u1xu1 but the metric is in general neither einstein nor kaehler all known moduli are stabilized by fluxes without using quantum effects or orientifold planes the analysis is completely tendimensional and does not rely on assumptions about kaluzaklein reduction
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712.1397
Metastable Domains of the Landscape
We argue that the vast majority of flux vacua with small cosmological constant are unstable to rapid decay to a big crunch. Exceptions are states with large compactification volume and supersymmetric and approximately supersymmetric states. Neither weak string coupling, warping, or the existence of very light particles are, by themselves, enough to render states reasonably metastable. We speculate, as well, about states which might be cosmological attractors.
hep-th
we argue that the vast majority of flux vacua with small cosmological constant are unstable to rapid decay to a big crunch exceptions are states with large compactification volume and supersymmetric and approximately supersymmetric states neither weak string coupling warping or the existence of very light particles are by themselves enough to render states reasonably metastable we speculate as well about states which might be cosmological attractors
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712.1398
Prolongations of Lie algebras and applications
We study the skew-symmetric prolongation of a Lie subalgebra $\g \subseteq \mathfrak{so}(n)$, in other words the intersection $\Lambda^3 \cap (\Lambda^1 \otimes \g)$.We compute this space in full generality. Applications include uniqueness results for connections with skew-symmetric torsion and also the proof of the Euclidean version of a conjecture posed in \cite{ofarill} concerning a class of Pl\"ucker-type embeddings. We also derive a classification of the metric k-Lie algebras (or Filipov algebras), in positive signature and finite dimension. Prolongations of Lie algebras can also be used to finish the classification, started in \cite{datri}, of manifolds admitting Killing frames, or equivalently flat connections with 3-form torsion. Next we study specific properties of invariant 4-forms of a given metric representation and apply these considerations to classify the holonomy representation of metric connections with vectorial torsion, that is with torsion contained in $\Lambda^1 \subseteq \Lambda^1 \otimes \Lambda^2$.
math.DG
we study the skewsymmetric prolongation of a lie subalgebra g subseteq mathfrakson in other words the intersection lambda3 cap lambda1 otimes gwe compute this space in full generality applications include uniqueness results for connections with skewsymmetric torsion and also the proof of the euclidean version of a conjecture posed in citeofarill concerning a class of pluckertype embeddings we also derive a classification of the metric klie algebras or filipov algebras in positive signature and finite dimension prolongations of lie algebras can also be used to finish the classification started in citedatri of manifolds admitting killing frames or equivalently flat connections with 3form torsion next we study specific properties of invariant 4forms of a given metric representation and apply these considerations to classify the holonomy representation of metric connections with vectorial torsion that is with torsion contained in lambda1 subseteq lambda1 otimes lambda2
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712.1399
Correlation functions of an interacting spinless fermion model at finite temperature
We formulate correlation functions for a one-dimensional interacting spinless fermion model at finite temperature. By combination of a lattice path integral formulation for thermodynamics with the algebraic Bethe ansatz for fermion systems, the equal-time one-particle Green's function at arbitrary particle density is expressed as a multiple integral form. Our formula reproduces previously known results in the following three limits: the zero-temperature, the infinite-temperature and the free fermion limits.
cond-mat.stat-mech math-ph math.MP nlin.SI
we formulate correlation functions for a onedimensional interacting spinless fermion model at finite temperature by combination of a lattice path integral formulation for thermodynamics with the algebraic bethe ansatz for fermion systems the equaltime oneparticle greens function at arbitrary particle density is expressed as a multiple integral form our formula reproduces previously known results in the following three limits the zerotemperature the infinitetemperature and the free fermion limits
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712.14
Birthday attack to discrete logarithm
The discrete logarithm in a finite group of large order has been widely applied in public key cryptosystem. In this paper, we will present a probabilistic algorithm for discrete logarithm.
cs.CR
the discrete logarithm in a finite group of large order has been widely applied in public key cryptosystem in this paper we will present a probabilistic algorithm for discrete logarithm
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712.1401
Measures on two-component configuration spaces
We study measures on the configuration spaces of two type particles. Gibbs measures on the such spaces are described. Main properties of corresponding relative energies densities and correlation functions are considered. In particular, we show that a support set for the such Gibbs measure is the set of pairs of non-intersected configurations.
math-ph math.MP math.PR
we study measures on the configuration spaces of two type particles gibbs measures on the such spaces are described main properties of corresponding relative energies densities and correlation functions are considered in particular we show that a support set for the such gibbs measure is the set of pairs of nonintersected configurations
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712.1402
Reconstruction of Markov Random Fields from Samples: Some Easy Observations and Algorithms
Markov random fields are used to model high dimensional distributions in a number of applied areas. Much recent interest has been devoted to the reconstruction of the dependency structure from independent samples from the Markov random fields. We analyze a simple algorithm for reconstructing the underlying graph defining a Markov random field on $n$ nodes and maximum degree $d$ given observations. We show that under mild non-degeneracy conditions it reconstructs the generating graph with high probability using $\Theta(d \epsilon^{-2}\delta^{-4} \log n)$ samples where $\epsilon,\delta$ depend on the local interactions. For most local interaction $\eps,\delta$ are of order $\exp(-O(d))$. Our results are optimal as a function of $n$ up to a multiplicative constant depending on $d$ and the strength of the local interactions. Our results seem to be the first results for general models that guarantee that {\em the} generating model is reconstructed. Furthermore, we provide explicit $O(n^{d+2} \epsilon^{-2}\delta^{-4} \log n)$ running time bound. In cases where the measure on the graph has correlation decay, the running time is $O(n^2 \log n)$ for all fixed $d$. We also discuss the effect of observing noisy samples and show that as long as the noise level is low, our algorithm is effective. On the other hand, we construct an example where large noise implies non-identifiability even for generic noise and interactions. Finally, we briefly show that in some simple cases, models with hidden nodes can also be recovered.
cs.CC cs.LG
markov random fields are used to model high dimensional distributions in a number of applied areas much recent interest has been devoted to the reconstruction of the dependency structure from independent samples from the markov random fields we analyze a simple algorithm for reconstructing the underlying graph defining a markov random field on n nodes and maximum degree d given observations we show that under mild nondegeneracy conditions it reconstructs the generating graph with high probability using thetad epsilon2delta4 log n samples where epsilondelta depend on the local interactions for most local interaction epsdelta are of order expod our results are optimal as a function of n up to a multiplicative constant depending on d and the strength of the local interactions our results seem to be the first results for general models that guarantee that em the generating model is reconstructed furthermore we provide explicit ond2 epsilon2delta4 log n running time bound in cases where the measure on the graph has correlation decay the running time is on2 log n for all fixed d we also discuss the effect of observing noisy samples and show that as long as the noise level is low our algorithm is effective on the other hand we construct an example where large noise implies nonidentifiability even for generic noise and interactions finally we briefly show that in some simple cases models with hidden nodes can also be recovered
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712.1403
Ferromagnetic Quantum Critical Fluctuations and Anomalous Coexistence of Ferromagnetism and Superconductivity in UCoGe Revealed by Co-NMR and NQR Studies
Co nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) studies were performed in the recently discovered UCoGe, in which the ferromagnetic and superconducting (SC) transitions were reported to occur at $T_{\rm Curie} \sim 3$ K and $T_S \sim 0.8$ K (N. T. Huy {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 99} (2007) 067006), in order to investigate the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity as well as the normal-state and SC properties from a microscopic point of view. From the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1$ and Knight-shift measurements, we confirmed that ferromagnetic fluctuations which possess a quantum critical character are present above $T_{\rm Curie}$ and the occurrence of ferromagnetic transition at 2.5 K in our polycrystalline sample. The magnetic fluctuations in the normal state show that UCoGe is an itinerant ferromagnet similar to ZrZn$_2$ and YCo$_2$. The onset SC transition was identified at $T_S \sim 0.7$ K, below which $1/T_1$ of 30 % of the volume fraction starts to decrease due to the opening of the SC gap. This component of $1/T_1$, which follows a $T^3$ dependence in the temperature range of $0.3 - 0.1$ K, coexists with the magnetic components of $1/T_1$ showing a $\sqrt{T}$ dependence below $T_S$. From the NQR measurements in the SC state, we suggest that the self-induced vortex state is realized in UCoGe.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
co nuclear magnetic resonance nmr and nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr studies were performed in the recently discovered ucoge in which the ferromagnetic and superconducting sc transitions were reported to occur at t_rm curie sim 3 k and t_s sim 08 k n t huy it et al phys rev lett bf 99 2007 067006 in order to investigate the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity as well as the normalstate and sc properties from a microscopic point of view from the nuclear spinlattice relaxation rate 1t_1 and knightshift measurements we confirmed that ferromagnetic fluctuations which possess a quantum critical character are present above t_rm curie and the occurrence of ferromagnetic transition at 25 k in our polycrystalline sample the magnetic fluctuations in the normal state show that ucoge is an itinerant ferromagnet similar to zrzn_2 and yco_2 the onset sc transition was identified at t_s sim 07 k below which 1t_1 of 30 of the volume fraction starts to decrease due to the opening of the sc gap this component of 1t_1 which follows a t3 dependence in the temperature range of 03 01 k coexists with the magnetic components of 1t_1 showing a sqrtt dependence below t_s from the nqr measurements in the sc state we suggest that the selfinduced vortex state is realized in ucoge
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712.1404
Quantum Cloning, Bell's Inequality and Teleportation
We analyze a possibility of using the two qubit output state from Buzek-Hillery quantum copying machine (not necessarily universal quantum cloning machine) as a teleportation channel. We show that there is a range of values of the machine parameter $\xi$ for which the two qubit output state is entangled and violates Bell-CHSH inequality and for a different range it remains entangled but does not violate Bell-CHSH inequality. Further we observe that for certain values of the machine parameter the two-qubit mixed state can be used as a teleportation channel. The use of the output state from the Buzek-Hillery cloning machine as a teleportation channel provides an additional appeal to the cloning machine and motivation of our present work.
quant-ph
we analyze a possibility of using the two qubit output state from buzekhillery quantum copying machine not necessarily universal quantum cloning machine as a teleportation channel we show that there is a range of values of the machine parameter xi for which the two qubit output state is entangled and violates bellchsh inequality and for a different range it remains entangled but does not violate bellchsh inequality further we observe that for certain values of the machine parameter the twoqubit mixed state can be used as a teleportation channel the use of the output state from the buzekhillery cloning machine as a teleportation channel provides an additional appeal to the cloning machine and motivation of our present work
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712.1405
Thermalization of Color Gauge Fields in High Energy Heavy Ion Collisions
We discuss quantum mechanical decay of color magnetic field generated initially at high energy heavy ion collisions. It is caused by Nielsen-Olesen unstable modes and is accomplished possibly in a period $<1$fm/c. We show that the decay products, i.e. incoherent gluons may be thermalized in a sufficiently short period ($< 1$fm/c). The precise determination of the period is made by calculating two point function of the color magnetic field in a model of color glass condensate.
hep-ph
we discuss quantum mechanical decay of color magnetic field generated initially at high energy heavy ion collisions it is caused by nielsenolesen unstable modes and is accomplished possibly in a period 1fmc we show that the decay products ie incoherent gluons may be thermalized in a sufficiently short period 1fmc the precise determination of the period is made by calculating two point function of the color magnetic field in a model of color glass condensate
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712.1406
Momentum-dependent resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at the Si K edge of 3C-SiC: A theoretical study on a relation between spectra and valence band dispersion
We theoretically demonstrate that a resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) with a sizable momentum transfer can be utilized to study valence band dispersion for broad band materials. We take RIXS at the Si K edge of 3C-SiC as a typical example. The RIXS spectra are calculated by systematically changing the transferred momentum, an incident photon polarization and an incident photon energy, on the basis of an ab initio calculation. We find that the spectra depend heavily on both the transferred momentum and the incident photon polarization, and the peaks in the spectra correspond to the energies of the valence bands. We conclude that the information on the energy dispersion of valence bands can be extracted from the transferred momentum dependence of the RIXS spectra. These findings lead to further application for RIXS when investigating the band structure of broad band materials.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we theoretically demonstrate that a resonant inelastic xray scattering rixs with a sizable momentum transfer can be utilized to study valence band dispersion for broad band materials we take rixs at the si k edge of 3csic as a typical example the rixs spectra are calculated by systematically changing the transferred momentum an incident photon polarization and an incident photon energy on the basis of an ab initio calculation we find that the spectra depend heavily on both the transferred momentum and the incident photon polarization and the peaks in the spectra correspond to the energies of the valence bands we conclude that the information on the energy dispersion of valence bands can be extracted from the transferred momentum dependence of the rixs spectra these findings lead to further application for rixs when investigating the band structure of broad band materials
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712.1407
Voltage-driven quantum oscillations in graphene
We predict unusual (for non-relativistic quantum mechanics) electron states in graphene, which are localized within a finite-width potential barrier. The density of localized states in the sufficiently high and/or wide graphene barrier exhibits a number of singularities at certain values of the energy. Such singularities provide quantum oscillations of both the transport (e.g., conductivity) and thermodynamic properties of graphene - when increasing the barrier height and/or width, similarly to the well-known Shubnikov-de-Haas (SdH) oscillations of conductivity in pure metals. However, here the SdH-like oscillations are driven by an electric field instead of the usual magnetically-driven SdH-oscillations.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we predict unusual for nonrelativistic quantum mechanics electron states in graphene which are localized within a finitewidth potential barrier the density of localized states in the sufficiently high andor wide graphene barrier exhibits a number of singularities at certain values of the energy such singularities provide quantum oscillations of both the transport eg conductivity and thermodynamic properties of graphene when increasing the barrier height andor width similarly to the wellknown shubnikovdehaas sdh oscillations of conductivity in pure metals however here the sdhlike oscillations are driven by an electric field instead of the usual magneticallydriven sdhoscillations
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712.1408
Non-local electron transport and cross-resistance peak in NSN heterostructures
We develop a microscopic theory describing the peak in the temperature dependence of the non-local resistance of three-terminal NSN devices. This peak emerges at sufficiently high temperatures as a result of a competition between quasiparticle/charge imbalance and subgap (Andreev) contributions to the conductance matrix. Both the height and the shape of this peak demonstrate the power law dependence on the superconductor thickness $L$ in contrast to the zero-temperature non-local resistance which decays (roughly) exponentially with increasing $L$. A similar behavior was observed in recent experiments.
cond-mat.supr-con
we develop a microscopic theory describing the peak in the temperature dependence of the nonlocal resistance of threeterminal nsn devices this peak emerges at sufficiently high temperatures as a result of a competition between quasiparticlecharge imbalance and subgap andreev contributions to the conductance matrix both the height and the shape of this peak demonstrate the power law dependence on the superconductor thickness l in contrast to the zerotemperature nonlocal resistance which decays roughly exponentially with increasing l a similar behavior was observed in recent experiments
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712.1409
Deep ATLAS Radio Observations of the ELAIS-S1/Spitzer Wide-Area Infrared Extragalctic field
We have conducted sensitive (1 sigma<30 uJy) 1.4 GHz radio observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array of a field largely coincident with infrared observations of the Spitzer Wide-Area Extragalactic Survey. The field is centred on the European Large Area ISO Survey S1 region and has a total area of 3.9 deg. We describe the observations and calibration, source extraction, and cross-matching to infrared sources. Two catalogues are presented; one of the radio components found in the image and one of radio sources with counterparts in the infrared and extracted from the literature. 1366 radio components were grouped into 1276 sources, 1183 of which were matched to infrared sources. We discover 31 radio sources with no infrared counterpart at all, adding to the class of Infrared-Faint Radio Sources.
astro-ph
we have conducted sensitive 1 sigma30 ujy 14 ghz radio observations with the australia telescope compact array of a field largely coincident with infrared observations of the spitzer widearea extragalactic survey the field is centred on the european large area iso survey s1 region and has a total area of 39 deg we describe the observations and calibration source extraction and crossmatching to infrared sources two catalogues are presented one of the radio components found in the image and one of radio sources with counterparts in the infrared and extracted from the literature 1366 radio components were grouped into 1276 sources 1183 of which were matched to infrared sources we discover 31 radio sources with no infrared counterpart at all adding to the class of infraredfaint radio sources
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712.141
Gauge Dependence in the Nonlinearly Realized Massive SU(2) Gauge Theory
The implementation of the 't Hooft alpha-gauge in the symmetrically subtracted massive gauge theory based on the nonlinearly realized SU(2) gauge group is discussed. The gauge independence of the self-mass of the gauge bosons is proven by cohomological techniques.
hep-th
the implementation of the t hooft alphagauge in the symmetrically subtracted massive gauge theory based on the nonlinearly realized su2 gauge group is discussed the gauge independence of the selfmass of the gauge bosons is proven by cohomological techniques
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712.1411
Measurements of J/\psi decays into \omega K \bar{K} \pi and \phi K \bar{K} \pi
The decays of $J/\psi \to \omega K\bar{K}\pi$ and $J/\psi \to \phi K\bar{K}\pi$ are studied using $5.8 \times 10^{7}$ $J/\psi$ events collected with the Beijing Spectrometer (BESII) at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider (BEPC). The $K^{0}_{S}K^{\pm}\pi^{\mp}$ and $K^{+}K^{-}\pi^{0}$ systems, produced in $J/\psi \to \omega K\bar{K}\pi$, have enhancements in the invariant mass distributions at around 1.44 GeV/$c^{2}$. However, there is no evidence for mass enhancements in the $K\bar{K}\pi$ system in $J/\psi \to \phi K\bar{K}\pi$. The branching fractions of $J/\psi \to \omega K^{0}_{S}K^{\pm}\pi^{\mp}$, $\phi K^{0}_{S}K^{\pm}\pi^{\mp}$, $\omega K^{*}\bar{K}+c.c.$, and $\phi K^{*}\bar{K}+c.c.$ are obtained, and the $J/\psi \to \eta K^{0}_{S}K^{\pm}\pi^{\mp}$ branching fraction is measured for the first time.
hep-ex
the decays of jpsi to omega kbarkpi and jpsi to phi kbarkpi are studied using 58 times 107 jpsi events collected with the beijing spectrometer besii at the beijing electronpositron collider bepc the k0_skpmpimp and kkpi0 systems produced in jpsi to omega kbarkpi have enhancements in the invariant mass distributions at around 144 gevc2 however there is no evidence for mass enhancements in the kbarkpi system in jpsi to phi kbarkpi the branching fractions of jpsi to omega k0_skpmpimp phi k0_skpmpimp omega kbarkcc and phi kbarkcc are obtained and the jpsi to eta k0_skpmpimp branching fraction is measured for the first time
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712.1412
Anomalous X-Ray emission in GRB060904B: a Nickel line?
The detection of an extra component in GRB060904B X-ray spectra in addition to the standard single power-law behaviour has recently been reported in the literature. This component can be fit with different models; in particular the addition of a spectral line provides the best representation.In this paper we investigate the physical properties that the surrounding medium must have in order to produce a spectral feature that can explain the detected emission. We analyse and discuss how and if the detected spectral excess fits in different theoretical models developed to explain the nature of line emission during the afterglow phase of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). Trasmission and reflection models have been considered. Given the high value (>>1) of the Thomson optical depth, the emission is likely to arise in a reflection scenario. Within reflection models, the external reflection geometry fails to predict the observed luminosity. On the contrary, the detected feature can be explained in a funnel scenario with typical opening angle theta of 5 degrees, Nickel mass of the order of 0.1 M_o and T=10^6 K. For theta=20 degrees, assuming the reprocessing material to be the SN shell, the detected emission implies a Nickel mass of 0.4 M_o at T=10^7 K and a metallicity 10 times the solar value. If the giant X-ray flare that dominates the early XRT light curve is identified with the ionizing source, the SN expansion began 3000 s before the GRB event.
astro-ph
the detection of an extra component in grb060904b xray spectra in addition to the standard single powerlaw behaviour has recently been reported in the literature this component can be fit with different models in particular the addition of a spectral line provides the best representationin this paper we investigate the physical properties that the surrounding medium must have in order to produce a spectral feature that can explain the detected emission we analyse and discuss how and if the detected spectral excess fits in different theoretical models developed to explain the nature of line emission during the afterglow phase of gammaray bursts grbs trasmission and reflection models have been considered given the high value 1 of the thomson optical depth the emission is likely to arise in a reflection scenario within reflection models the external reflection geometry fails to predict the observed luminosity on the contrary the detected feature can be explained in a funnel scenario with typical opening angle theta of 5 degrees nickel mass of the order of 01 m_o and t106 k for theta20 degrees assuming the reprocessing material to be the sn shell the detected emission implies a nickel mass of 04 m_o at t107 k and a metallicity 10 times the solar value if the giant xray flare that dominates the early xrt light curve is identified with the ionizing source the sn expansion began 3000 s before the grb event
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712.1413
Classical and Quantum Gravitational Collapse in d-dim AdS Spacetime I. Classical Solutions
We study the collapse of a spherically symmetric dust distribution in $d$-dimensional AdS spacetime. We investigate the role of dimensionality, and the presence of a negative cosmological constant, in determining the formation of trapped surfaces and the end state of gravitational collapse. We obtain the self-similar solution for the case of zero cosmological constant, and show that one cannot construct a self-similar solution when a cosmological constant is included.
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
we study the collapse of a spherically symmetric dust distribution in ddimensional ads spacetime we investigate the role of dimensionality and the presence of a negative cosmological constant in determining the formation of trapped surfaces and the end state of gravitational collapse we obtain the selfsimilar solution for the case of zero cosmological constant and show that one cannot construct a selfsimilar solution when a cosmological constant is included
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712.1414
One metric result about analytic continuation of some Dirichlet series
In this paper we consider certain 1-parametric family of Dirichlet series. For a particular value of the parameter the series turns into the Dirichlet series for the Riemann zeta function. We prove that almost every series of the family has analytic continuation to the half plane Re s > 1/2 where it doesn't vanish. The result was obtained before by different authors. We give its simple proof in terms of estimates of some trigonometric sums.
math.CV math.NT
in this paper we consider certain 1parametric family of dirichlet series for a particular value of the parameter the series turns into the dirichlet series for the riemann zeta function we prove that almost every series of the family has analytic continuation to the half plane re s 12 where it doesnt vanish the result was obtained before by different authors we give its simple proof in terms of estimates of some trigonometric sums
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712.1415
Block copolymers confined in a nanopore: Pathfinding in a curving and frustrating flatland
We have studied structure formation in a confined block copolymer melt by means of dynamic density functional theory (DDFT). The confinement is two-dimensional, and the confined geometry is that of a cylindrical nanopore. Although the results of this study are general, our coarse-grained molecular model is inspired by an experimental lamellae-forming PS-PBD diblock copolymer system (Shin et al, Science, 306, 76 (2004)), in which an exotic toroidal structure was observed upon confinement in alumina nanopores. Our computational study shows that a zoo of exotic structures can be formed, although the majority, including the catenoid, helix and double helix that were also found in Monte Carlo (MC) nanopore studies, are metastable states. We introduce a general classification scheme and consider the role of kinetics and elongational pressure on stability and formation pathway of both equilibrium and metastable structures in detail. We find that helicity and three-fold connections mediate structural transitions on a larger scale. Moreover, by matching the remaining parameter in our mesoscopic method, the Flory-Huggins parameter, to the experimental system, we obtain a structure that resembles the experimental toroidal structure in great detail. Here, the most important factor seems to be the roughness of the pore, i.e. small variations of the pore radius on a scale that is larger than the characteristic size in the system.
cond-mat.soft
we have studied structure formation in a confined block copolymer melt by means of dynamic density functional theory ddft the confinement is twodimensional and the confined geometry is that of a cylindrical nanopore although the results of this study are general our coarsegrained molecular model is inspired by an experimental lamellaeforming pspbd diblock copolymer system shin et al science 306 76 2004 in which an exotic toroidal structure was observed upon confinement in alumina nanopores our computational study shows that a zoo of exotic structures can be formed although the majority including the catenoid helix and double helix that were also found in monte carlo mc nanopore studies are metastable states we introduce a general classification scheme and consider the role of kinetics and elongational pressure on stability and formation pathway of both equilibrium and metastable structures in detail we find that helicity and threefold connections mediate structural transitions on a larger scale moreover by matching the remaining parameter in our mesoscopic method the floryhuggins parameter to the experimental system we obtain a structure that resembles the experimental toroidal structure in great detail here the most important factor seems to be the roughness of the pore ie small variations of the pore radius on a scale that is larger than the characteristic size in the system
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712.1416
Systematic derivation of boundary Lax pairs
We systematically derive the Lax pair formulation for both discrete and continuum integrable classical theories with consistent boundary conditions.
hep-th math-ph math.MP nlin.SI
we systematically derive the lax pair formulation for both discrete and continuum integrable classical theories with consistent boundary conditions
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712.1417
Properties of the $\pi^0$, $\eta$, $\eta'$, $\sigma$, $f_0(980)$ and $a_0(980)$ mesons and their relevance for the polarizabilities of the nucleon
The signs and values of the two-photon couplings $F_{M\gamma\gamma}$ of mesons $(M)$ and their couplings $g_{MNN}$ to the nucleon as entering into the $t$-channel parts of the difference of the electromagnetic polarizabilities $(\alpha-\beta)$ and the backward angle spin polarizabilities $\gamma_\pi$ are determined. The excellent agreement achieved with the experimental polarizabilities of the proton makes it possible to make reliable predictions for the neutron. The results obtained are $\alpha_n=13.4\pm 1.0$, $\beta_n=1.8\mp 1.0$ ($10^{-4}$ fm$^3$), and $\gamma^{(n)}_\pi=57.6\pm 1.8$ ($10^{-4}$ fm$^4$). New empirical information on the flavor wave functions of the $f_0(980)$ and the $a_0(980)$ meson is obtained.
hep-ph
the signs and values of the twophoton couplings f_mgammagamma of mesons m and their couplings g_mnn to the nucleon as entering into the tchannel parts of the difference of the electromagnetic polarizabilities alphabeta and the backward angle spin polarizabilities gamma_pi are determined the excellent agreement achieved with the experimental polarizabilities of the proton makes it possible to make reliable predictions for the neutron the results obtained are alpha_n134pm 10 beta_n18mp 10 104 fm3 and gamman_pi576pm 18 104 fm4 new empirical information on the flavor wave functions of the f_0980 and the a_0980 meson is obtained
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712.1418
Pathways through interstellar matter: - From the closest stars to the most distant quasars
Observations of quasar absorption systems relevant for studies of star formation at redshift 2 </= z </= 4 are briefly reviewed. Emphasis is given on the role played by dust in our understanding of the star formation history of galaxies detected as absorption systems. Local interstellar studies are used as a reference for understanding the properties of high redshift interstellar media. An example is shown of the potential effects of dust extinction on the metallicity-N(HI) distribution obtained from magnitude-limited surveys of damped lyman alpha absorbers.
astro-ph
observations of quasar absorption systems relevant for studies of star formation at redshift 2 z 4 are briefly reviewed emphasis is given on the role played by dust in our understanding of the star formation history of galaxies detected as absorption systems local interstellar studies are used as a reference for understanding the properties of high redshift interstellar media an example is shown of the potential effects of dust extinction on the metallicitynhi distribution obtained from magnitudelimited surveys of damped lyman alpha absorbers
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712.1419
Updated Values of Running Quark and Lepton Masses
Reliable values of quark and lepton masses are important for model building at a fundamental energy scale, such as the Fermi scale M_Z \approx 91.2 GeV and the would-be GUT scale \Lambda_GUT \sim 2 \times 10^16 GeV. Using the latest data given by the Particle Data Group, we update the running quark and charged-lepton masses at a number of interesting energy scales below and above M_Z. In particular, we take into account the possible new physics scale (\mu \sim 1 TeV) to be explored by the LHC and the typical seesaw scales (\mu \sim 10^9 GeV and \mu \sim 10^12 GeV) which might be relevant to the generation of neutrino masses. For illustration, the running masses of three light Majorana neutrinos are also calculated. Our up-to-date table of running fermion masses are expected to be very useful for the study of flavor dynamics at various energy scales.
hep-ph astro-ph hep-ex hep-th nucl-th
reliable values of quark and lepton masses are important for model building at a fundamental energy scale such as the fermi scale m_z approx 912 gev and the wouldbe gut scale lambda_gut sim 2 times 1016 gev using the latest data given by the particle data group we update the running quark and chargedlepton masses at a number of interesting energy scales below and above m_z in particular we take into account the possible new physics scale mu sim 1 tev to be explored by the lhc and the typical seesaw scales mu sim 109 gev and mu sim 1012 gev which might be relevant to the generation of neutrino masses for illustration the running masses of three light majorana neutrinos are also calculated our uptodate table of running fermion masses are expected to be very useful for the study of flavor dynamics at various energy scales
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712.142
A Catalog of Bright Star Clusters in the Interacting Galaxy M51
We present a catalog of star clusters with V_{F555W}<23 mag detected in the interacting spiral galaxy M51 system based on the mosaic images taken with HST ACS by the Hubble Heritage Team. We have selected about 3,600 clusters based on their morphological information through the visual inspection. The final star cluster catalog includes 2,224 clusters that are relatively well isolated and have a circular shape. The star clusters in M51 are mostly distributed around the spiral arms of NGC 5194. The color-magnitude diagrams show that most of the star clusters in M51 are bluer than (B_{F435W}-V_{F555W}) = 0.5 and (V_{F555W}-I_{F814W}) = 0.8. There are also some red star clusters with (B_{F435W}-V_{F555W}) > 0.7, uniformly distributed over the M51 field. Some of these red clusters are suspected to be a part of the halo or old disk population based on their old ages (t >= 10^9 yrs) and their spatial distribution. The luminosity function of the star clusters is fit well by a single power law with \alpha = -2.59 \pm 0.03 for the range -10.0 <M_V < -8.0 mag. We find that the size distribution of the star clusters can be fit with three Gaussian components with peaks at effective radii of 2.27, 4.80 and 7.51 pc. Some large star clusters with red color are faint fuzzy clusters, and they are distributed not only around NGC 5195 but also around NGC 5194. These faint fuzzies are found to display an elongated spatial distribution, while the normal compact red clusters show a relatively uniform distribution around NGC 5194.
astro-ph
we present a catalog of star clusters with v_f555w23 mag detected in the interacting spiral galaxy m51 system based on the mosaic images taken with hst acs by the hubble heritage team we have selected about 3600 clusters based on their morphological information through the visual inspection the final star cluster catalog includes 2224 clusters that are relatively well isolated and have a circular shape the star clusters in m51 are mostly distributed around the spiral arms of ngc 5194 the colormagnitude diagrams show that most of the star clusters in m51 are bluer than b_f435wv_f555w 05 and v_f555wi_f814w 08 there are also some red star clusters with b_f435wv_f555w 07 uniformly distributed over the m51 field some of these red clusters are suspected to be a part of the halo or old disk population based on their old ages t 109 yrs and their spatial distribution the luminosity function of the star clusters is fit well by a single power law with alpha 259 pm 003 for the range 100 m_v 80 mag we find that the size distribution of the star clusters can be fit with three gaussian components with peaks at effective radii of 227 480 and 751 pc some large star clusters with red color are faint fuzzy clusters and they are distributed not only around ngc 5195 but also around ngc 5194 these faint fuzzies are found to display an elongated spatial distribution while the normal compact red clusters show a relatively uniform distribution around ngc 5194
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712.1421
Unitary evolution of free massless fields in de Sitter space-time
We consider the quantum dynamics of a massless scalar field in de Sitter space-time. The classical evolution is represented by a canonical transformation on the phase space for the field theory. By studying the corresponding Bogoliubov transformations, we show that the symplectic map that encodes the evolution between two instants of time cannot be unitarily implemented on any Fock space built from a SO(4)-symmetric complex structure. We will show also that, in contrast with some effectively lower dimensional examples arising from Quantum General Relativity such as Gowdy models, it is impossible to find a time dependent conformal redefinition of the massless scalar field leading to a quantum unitary dynamics.
gr-qc
we consider the quantum dynamics of a massless scalar field in de sitter spacetime the classical evolution is represented by a canonical transformation on the phase space for the field theory by studying the corresponding bogoliubov transformations we show that the symplectic map that encodes the evolution between two instants of time cannot be unitarily implemented on any fock space built from a so4symmetric complex structure we will show also that in contrast with some effectively lower dimensional examples arising from quantum general relativity such as gowdy models it is impossible to find a time dependent conformal redefinition of the massless scalar field leading to a quantum unitary dynamics
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712.1422
Induced quantum dots and wires: electron storage and delivery
We show that quantum dots and quantum wires are formed underneath metal electrodes deposited on a planar semiconductor heterostructure containing a quantum well. The confinement is due to the self-focusing mechanism of an electron wave packet interacting with the charge induced on the metal surface. Induced quantum wires guide the transfer of electrons along metal paths and induced quantum dots store the electrons in specific locations of the nanostructure. Induced dots and wires can be useful for devices operating on the electron spin.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we show that quantum dots and quantum wires are formed underneath metal electrodes deposited on a planar semiconductor heterostructure containing a quantum well the confinement is due to the selffocusing mechanism of an electron wave packet interacting with the charge induced on the metal surface induced quantum wires guide the transfer of electrons along metal paths and induced quantum dots store the electrons in specific locations of the nanostructure induced dots and wires can be useful for devices operating on the electron spin
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712.1423
Rich methane laminar flames doped with light unsaturated hydrocarbons. Part III : cyclopentene
In line with the studies presented in the parts I and II of this paper, the structure of a laminar rich premixed methane flame doped with cyclopentene has been investigated. The gases of this flame contains 15.3% (molar) of methane, 26.7% of oxygen and 2.4% cyclopentene corresponding to an equivalence ratio of 1.79 and a ratio C5H8 / CH4 of 16 %. The flame has been stabilized on a burner at a pressure of 6.7 kPa using argon as dilutant, with a gas velocity at the burner of 36 cm/s at 333 K. The temperature ranged from 627 K close to the burner up to 2027 K. Quantified species included usual methane C0-C2 combustion products, but also propyne, allene, propene, propane, 1-butene, 1,3-butadiene, 1,2-butadiene, vinylacetylene, diacetylene, cyclopentadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, benzene and toluene. A new mechanism for the oxidation of cyclopentene has been proposed. The main reaction pathways of consumption of cyclopentene and of formation of benzene and toluene have been derived from flow rate analyses.
physics.chem-ph
in line with the studies presented in the parts i and ii of this paper the structure of a laminar rich premixed methane flame doped with cyclopentene has been investigated the gases of this flame contains 153 molar of methane 267 of oxygen and 24 cyclopentene corresponding to an equivalence ratio of 179 and a ratio c5h8 ch4 of 16 the flame has been stabilized on a burner at a pressure of 67 kpa using argon as dilutant with a gas velocity at the burner of 36 cms at 333 k the temperature ranged from 627 k close to the burner up to 2027 k quantified species included usual methane c0c2 combustion products but also propyne allene propene propane 1butene 13butadiene 12butadiene vinylacetylene diacetylene cyclopentadiene 13pentadiene benzene and toluene a new mechanism for the oxidation of cyclopentene has been proposed the main reaction pathways of consumption of cyclopentene and of formation of benzene and toluene have been derived from flow rate analyses
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712.1424
Force spectroscopy on DNA by FM-AFM
We present imaging and force spectroscopy measurements of DNA molecules adsorbed on functionalized mica. By means of Non-Contact mode AFM (NC-AFM) in Ultra High Vacuum (UHV), the frequency shift (\Delta f) versus separation (z) curves were measured providing a quantitative measurement of both force and energy of the tip-DNA interaction. Similarly, topographic images of the adsorbed DNA molecules in constant frequency shift mode were collected. The high resolution force measurements confirm the imaging contrast difference between the substrate and DNA. The force curves measured along the DNA molecule can be divided into two classes showing marked differences in the minimum of the interaction force and energy, indicating that NC-AFM could deliver chemical contrast along the DNA molecule.
physics.bio-ph physics.gen-ph
we present imaging and force spectroscopy measurements of dna molecules adsorbed on functionalized mica by means of noncontact mode afm ncafm in ultra high vacuum uhv the frequency shift delta f versus separation z curves were measured providing a quantitative measurement of both force and energy of the tipdna interaction similarly topographic images of the adsorbed dna molecules in constant frequency shift mode were collected the high resolution force measurements confirm the imaging contrast difference between the substrate and dna the force curves measured along the dna molecule can be divided into two classes showing marked differences in the minimum of the interaction force and energy indicating that ncafm could deliver chemical contrast along the dna molecule
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712.1425
Curve alignment by moments
A significant problem with most functional data analyses is that of misaligned curves. Without adjustment, even an analysis as simple as estimation of the mean will fail. One common method to synchronize a set of curves involves equating ``landmarks'' such as peaks or troughs. The landmarks method can work well but will fail if marker events can not be identified or are missing from some curves. An alternative approach, the ``continuous monotone registration'' method, works by transforming the curves so that they are as close as possible to a target function. This method can also perform well but is highly dependent on identifying an accurate target function. We develop an alignment method based on equating the ``moments'' of a given set of curves. These moments are intended to capture the locations of important features which may represent local behavior, such as maximums and minimums, or more global characteristics, such as the slope of the curve averaged over time. Our method works by equating the moments of the curves while also shrinking toward a common shape. This allows us to capture the advantages of both the landmark and continuous monotone registration approaches. The method is illustrated on several data sets and a simulation study is performed.
stat.AP
a significant problem with most functional data analyses is that of misaligned curves without adjustment even an analysis as simple as estimation of the mean will fail one common method to synchronize a set of curves involves equating landmarks such as peaks or troughs the landmarks method can work well but will fail if marker events can not be identified or are missing from some curves an alternative approach the continuous monotone registration method works by transforming the curves so that they are as close as possible to a target function this method can also perform well but is highly dependent on identifying an accurate target function we develop an alignment method based on equating the moments of a given set of curves these moments are intended to capture the locations of important features which may represent local behavior such as maximums and minimums or more global characteristics such as the slope of the curve averaged over time our method works by equating the moments of the curves while also shrinking toward a common shape this allows us to capture the advantages of both the landmark and continuous monotone registration approaches the method is illustrated on several data sets and a simulation study is performed
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712.1426
C*-Algebras over Topological Spaces: The Bootstrap Class
We carefully define and study C*-algebras over topological spaces, possibly non-Hausdorff, and review some relevant results from point-set topology along the way. We explain the triangulated category structure on the bivariant Kasparov theory over a topological space. We introduce and describe an analogue of the bootstrap class for C*-algebras over a finite topological space.
math.KT
we carefully define and study calgebras over topological spaces possibly nonhausdorff and review some relevant results from pointset topology along the way we explain the triangulated category structure on the bivariant kasparov theory over a topological space we introduce and describe an analogue of the bootstrap class for calgebras over a finite topological space
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712.1427
Instantons on ALE spaces and orbifold partitions
We consider N=4 theories on ALE spaces of $A_{k-1}$ type. As is well known, their partition functions coincide with $A_{k-1}$ affine characters. We show that these partition functions are equal to the generating functions of some peculiar classes of partitions which we introduce under the name 'orbifold partitions'. These orbifold partitions turn out to be related to the generalized Frobenius partitions introduced by G. E. Andrews some years ago. We relate the orbifold partitions to the blended partitions and interpret explicitly in terms of a free fermion system.
hep-th math.AG math.CO
we consider n4 theories on ale spaces of a_k1 type as is well known their partition functions coincide with a_k1 affine characters we show that these partition functions are equal to the generating functions of some peculiar classes of partitions which we introduce under the name orbifold partitions these orbifold partitions turn out to be related to the generalized frobenius partitions introduced by g e andrews some years ago we relate the orbifold partitions to the blended partitions and interpret explicitly in terms of a free fermion system
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712.1428
A New Type of Singularity Theorem
A new type of singularity theorem, based on spatial averages of physical quantities, is presented and discussed. Alternatively, the results inform us of when a spacetime can be singularity-free. This theorem provides a decisive observational difference between singular and non-singular, globally hyperbolic, open cosmological models.
gr-qc
a new type of singularity theorem based on spatial averages of physical quantities is presented and discussed alternatively the results inform us of when a spacetime can be singularityfree this theorem provides a decisive observational difference between singular and nonsingular globally hyperbolic open cosmological models
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712.1429
Quantum back-reaction problems
The macroscopic behavior of many physical systems can be approximately described by classical quantities. However, quantum theory demands the existence of omnipresent quantum fluctuations on top of this classical background -- which, albeit small, should have some impact onto its dynamics. The correct treatment of this quantum back-reaction is one of the main problems in quantum gravity and related to fundamental questions such as the initial (big bang) singularity or the cosmological constant. By means of the qualitative analogy between gravity and fluid dynamics, we try to shed some light onto these problems and show some of the difficulties associated with the calculation of the quantum back-reaction starting from the classical (macroscopic) equation of motion.
gr-qc
the macroscopic behavior of many physical systems can be approximately described by classical quantities however quantum theory demands the existence of omnipresent quantum fluctuations on top of this classical background which albeit small should have some impact onto its dynamics the correct treatment of this quantum backreaction is one of the main problems in quantum gravity and related to fundamental questions such as the initial big bang singularity or the cosmological constant by means of the qualitative analogy between gravity and fluid dynamics we try to shed some light onto these problems and show some of the difficulties associated with the calculation of the quantum backreaction starting from the classical macroscopic equation of motion
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712.143
Non-thermal leptogenesis and gravitino problem in inflaton decay
In the present work we discuss baryon asymmetry in the non-thermal leptogenesis scenario and gravitino cosmology for an unstable gravitino with inflaton decay. We take into account two production mechanisms for gravitino, namely thermal production and inflaton decay. We wish to show in plots the allowed parameter space so that the BBN constraint and the requirement for the right baryon asymmetry are satisfied at the same time. However our analysis shows that it is impossible to achieve both goals simultaneously.
hep-ph
in the present work we discuss baryon asymmetry in the nonthermal leptogenesis scenario and gravitino cosmology for an unstable gravitino with inflaton decay we take into account two production mechanisms for gravitino namely thermal production and inflaton decay we wish to show in plots the allowed parameter space so that the bbn constraint and the requirement for the right baryon asymmetry are satisfied at the same time however our analysis shows that it is impossible to achieve both goals simultaneously
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712.1431
Answer to Comment on "Ultrametricity in the Edwards-Anderson Model" arXiv:0709.0894
This reply shows that the argument presented in the comment by Jorg and Krzakala (cond mat 0709.0894) cannot be used to weaken the results presented in our paper on ultrametricity evidence in the 3d Edwards Anderson model (PRL 99, 057206, 2007; cond-mat/0607376). Our work in fact was mainly based on identifying the scaling law that governs the large volume approach to ultrametricity while NO asymptotic analysis has been done in (cond mat 0709.0894). We show here that the same method we used in our paper, when properly applied to the 2d case, reveals the expected lack of RSB picture at positive temperature, despite the fact that for a fixed finite volume some ultrametric features might still be seen in the joint overlap probability distribution. Those features disappear for increasing volume or when the system is away from the critical curve in the (T,d) plane.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech
this reply shows that the argument presented in the comment by jorg and krzakala cond mat 07090894 cannot be used to weaken the results presented in our paper on ultrametricity evidence in the 3d edwards anderson model prl 99 057206 2007 condmat0607376 our work in fact was mainly based on identifying the scaling law that governs the large volume approach to ultrametricity while no asymptotic analysis has been done in cond mat 07090894 we show here that the same method we used in our paper when properly applied to the 2d case reveals the expected lack of rsb picture at positive temperature despite the fact that for a fixed finite volume some ultrametric features might still be seen in the joint overlap probability distribution those features disappear for increasing volume or when the system is away from the critical curve in the td plane
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712.1432
Quantum well states in Fe/Nb(001) multilayers: First principles study
We present a first-principles study to understand the phenomena of interlayer exchange coupling in Fe/Nb multilayers using the linearized-muffin-tin-orbitals method within the generalized gradient approximation. We find that the exchange coupling oscillates with both short and long periodicities, which have been examined in terms of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) model as well as the quantum well (QW) model. We have investigated the behavior of the exchange coupling by artificially varying moments of Fe atoms in ferromagnetic layers. For a small moment of Fe, the coupling shows bilinearity in the magnetic moments, implying its RKKY character. However, at higher moments close to that of bulk Fe, the saturation of long-period oscillations is in accordance with the QW model. Quantum well dispersions around the Fermi level demonstrate that the majority-spin bands contribute largely to the formation of quantum well states, which we analyze quantitatively by making use of the phase accumulation model. Our analysis indicates that the quantum well model gives a better description of the oscillatory behavior of the exchange coupling in Fe/Nb multilayers.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we present a firstprinciples study to understand the phenomena of interlayer exchange coupling in fenb multilayers using the linearizedmuffintinorbitals method within the generalized gradient approximation we find that the exchange coupling oscillates with both short and long periodicities which have been examined in terms of the rudermankittelkasuyayosida rkky model as well as the quantum well qw model we have investigated the behavior of the exchange coupling by artificially varying moments of fe atoms in ferromagnetic layers for a small moment of fe the coupling shows bilinearity in the magnetic moments implying its rkky character however at higher moments close to that of bulk fe the saturation of longperiod oscillations is in accordance with the qw model quantum well dispersions around the fermi level demonstrate that the majorityspin bands contribute largely to the formation of quantum well states which we analyze quantitatively by making use of the phase accumulation model our analysis indicates that the quantum well model gives a better description of the oscillatory behavior of the exchange coupling in fenb multilayers
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712.1433
Experimental and modeling study of the autoignition of cyclopentane
Ignition delay times of cyclopentene-oxygen-argon mixtures were measured behind reflected shock waves. Mixtures contained 0.5 or 1 % of hydrocarbons for equivalence ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1.5. Reflected shock waves conditions were: temperatures from 1300 to 1700 K and pressures from 7 to 9 atm. When comparing to previous results obtained under similar conditions, it can be observed that the reactivity of cyclopentene is much lower than that of cyclohexene, but very close to that of cyclopentane. A kinetic mechanism recently proposed for the combustion of cyclopentene in a flame has been used to model these results and a satisfactory agreement has been obtained. The main reaction pathways have been derived from flow rate, simulated temporal profiles of products and sensitivity analyses.
physics.chem-ph
ignition delay times of cyclopenteneoxygenargon mixtures were measured behind reflected shock waves mixtures contained 05 or 1 of hydrocarbons for equivalence ratios ranging from 05 to 15 reflected shock waves conditions were temperatures from 1300 to 1700 k and pressures from 7 to 9 atm when comparing to previous results obtained under similar conditions it can be observed that the reactivity of cyclopentene is much lower than that of cyclohexene but very close to that of cyclopentane a kinetic mechanism recently proposed for the combustion of cyclopentene in a flame has been used to model these results and a satisfactory agreement has been obtained the main reaction pathways have been derived from flow rate simulated temporal profiles of products and sensitivity analyses
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712.1434
Stability of 3D black hole with torsion
Using $N=1+1$ supersymmetric extension of the three-dimensional gravity with torsion, we show that a generic black hole has no exact supersymmetries, the extremal black hole has only one, while the zero-energy black hole has two. Combining these results with the asymptotic supersymmetry algebra, we are naturally led to interpret the zero-energy black hole as the ground state of the Ramond sector, and analogously, the anti-de Sitter solution as the ground state of the Neveau-Schwartz sector.
gr-qc
using n11 supersymmetric extension of the threedimensional gravity with torsion we show that a generic black hole has no exact supersymmetries the extremal black hole has only one while the zeroenergy black hole has two combining these results with the asymptotic supersymmetry algebra we are naturally led to interpret the zeroenergy black hole as the ground state of the ramond sector and analogously the antide sitter solution as the ground state of the neveauschwartz sector
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712.1435
Milestones of the PHENIX experiment at RHIC
The latest PHENIX results for particle production are presented in this paper. A suppression of the yield of high p_t (transverse momentum) hadrons in central Au+Au collisions is found. In contrast, direct photons are not suppressed in central Au+Au collisions and no suppression of high p_t particles can be seen in d+Au collisions. This leads to the conclusion that the dense medium formed in central Au+Au collisions is responsible for the suppression. It is as well found, that the properties of this medium are similar to the one of a liquid. Further measurements provide information about the chiral dynamics of the system.
nucl-ex
the latest phenix results for particle production are presented in this paper a suppression of the yield of high p_t transverse momentum hadrons in central auau collisions is found in contrast direct photons are not suppressed in central auau collisions and no suppression of high p_t particles can be seen in dau collisions this leads to the conclusion that the dense medium formed in central auau collisions is responsible for the suppression it is as well found that the properties of this medium are similar to the one of a liquid further measurements provide information about the chiral dynamics of the system
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712.1436
Reaction-Subdiffusion Equations for the A <--> B Reaction
We consider a simple linear reversible isomerization reaction A <--> B under subdiffusion described by continuous time random walks (CTRW). The reactants' transformations take place independently on the motion and are described by constant rates. We show that the form of the ensuing system of mesoscopic reaction-subdiffusion is somewhat unusual: the equation giving the time derivative of one reactant concentration, say A(x,t), contains the terms depending not only on Laplacian A, but also on Laplacian B, i.e. depends also on the transport operator of another reactant. Physically this is due to the fact that several transitions from A to B and back may take place at one site before the particle jumps.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn
we consider a simple linear reversible isomerization reaction a b under subdiffusion described by continuous time random walks ctrw the reactants transformations take place independently on the motion and are described by constant rates we show that the form of the ensuing system of mesoscopic reactionsubdiffusion is somewhat unusual the equation giving the time derivative of one reactant concentration say axt contains the terms depending not only on laplacian a but also on laplacian b ie depends also on the transport operator of another reactant physically this is due to the fact that several transitions from a to b and back may take place at one site before the particle jumps
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712.1437
Internal energy in dissipative relativistic fluids
Liu procedure is applied to a first order weakly nonlocal special relativistic fluid. It is shown, that a reasonable relativistic theory is and extended one, where the basic state space contains the momentum density. This property follows from the structure of the energy-momentum balance and the Second Law of thermodynamics. Moreover, the entropy depends on the energy density and the momentum density on a given specific way, indicating that the local rest frame energy density cannot be interpreted as the internal energy, the local rest frame momentum density should be considered, too. The corresponding constitutive relations for the stress and the energy flux are derived.
nucl-th
liu procedure is applied to a first order weakly nonlocal special relativistic fluid it is shown that a reasonable relativistic theory is and extended one where the basic state space contains the momentum density this property follows from the structure of the energymomentum balance and the second law of thermodynamics moreover the entropy depends on the energy density and the momentum density on a given specific way indicating that the local rest frame energy density cannot be interpreted as the internal energy the local rest frame momentum density should be considered too the corresponding constitutive relations for the stress and the energy flux are derived
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712.1438
Search for massive rare particles with the SLIM experiment
The SLIM experiment is a large array of nuclear track detectors located at the Chacaltaya High Altitude Laboratory (5260 m a.s.l.). The preliminary results from the analysis of ~383 m^2 exposed for 4.07 y are here reported. The detector is sensitive to Intermediate Mass Magnetic Monopoles, 10^5 < M_M < 10^12 GeV, and to SQM nuggets and Q-balls, which are possible Dark Matter candidates.
hep-ex
the slim experiment is a large array of nuclear track detectors located at the chacaltaya high altitude laboratory 5260 m asl the preliminary results from the analysis of 383 m2 exposed for 407 y are here reported the detector is sensitive to intermediate mass magnetic monopoles 105 m_m 1012 gev and to sqm nuggets and qballs which are possible dark matter candidates
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712.1439
Thermal diffusion and bending kinetics in nematic elastomer cantilever
Vertically aligned mono-domain nematic liquid crystal elastomers contract when heated. If a temperature gradient is applied across the width of such a cantilever, inhomogeneous strain distribution leads to bending motion. We modelled the kinetics of thermally-induced bending in the limit of a long thin strip and the predicted time-variation of curvature agreed quantitatively with experimental data from samples with a range of critical indices and nematic-isotropic transition temperatures. We also deduced a value for the thermal diffusion coefficient of the elastomer.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.mtrl-sci
vertically aligned monodomain nematic liquid crystal elastomers contract when heated if a temperature gradient is applied across the width of such a cantilever inhomogeneous strain distribution leads to bending motion we modelled the kinetics of thermallyinduced bending in the limit of a long thin strip and the predicted timevariation of curvature agreed quantitatively with experimental data from samples with a range of critical indices and nematicisotropic transition temperatures we also deduced a value for the thermal diffusion coefficient of the elastomer
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712.144
Multi Eruption Solar Energetic Particle Events Observed with SOHO/ERNE
A combination of many Solar energetic particle (SEP) events, each one of which is associated with a single eruption, can create one complex intensity-time profile, that will result in masking the observation of the first injected particles detected near Earth for each participated eruption. We defined such SEP events as Multi Eruption Solar Energetic Particle (MESEP) events. We have investigated the intensity-time profile of 333 solar energetic particle events during the operation time of SOHO mission and studied the associative solar eruptions (CMEs and solar flare) from the starting time of each event till the end. We found that most of the events have multi eruption phenomena which might or might not affect the intensity-time profile. We found that it is possible to know the real effect of some of the eruptions during the whole duration of the event, even if their effect as masked by the first eruption, by studying the widest possible energy range, the $^4He/P$ ratio and the anisotropy.
astro-ph
a combination of many solar energetic particle sep events each one of which is associated with a single eruption can create one complex intensitytime profile that will result in masking the observation of the first injected particles detected near earth for each participated eruption we defined such sep events as multi eruption solar energetic particle mesep events we have investigated the intensitytime profile of 333 solar energetic particle events during the operation time of soho mission and studied the associative solar eruptions cmes and solar flare from the starting time of each event till the end we found that most of the events have multi eruption phenomena which might or might not affect the intensitytime profile we found that it is possible to know the real effect of some of the eruptions during the whole duration of the event even if their effect as masked by the first eruption by studying the widest possible energy range the 4hep ratio and the anisotropy
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712.1441
Missing Baryons, from Clusters to Groups of Galaxies
From clusters to groups of galaxies, the powerful bremsstrahlung radiation L_X emitted in X rays by the intracluster plasma is observed to decline sharply with lowering virial temperatures T (i.e., at shallower depths of the gravitational wells) after a steep local L_X-T correlation; this implies increasing scarcity of diffuse baryons relative to dark matter, well under the cosmic fraction. We show how the widely debated issue concerning these `missing baryons' is solved in terms of the thermal and/or dynamical effects of the kinetic (at low redshifts z) and radiative (at high z) energy inputs from central active galactic nuclei, of which independent evidence is being observed. From these inputs we compute shape and z-evolution expected for L_X-T correlation which agree with the existing data, and provide a predictive pattern for future observations.
astro-ph
from clusters to groups of galaxies the powerful bremsstrahlung radiation l_x emitted in x rays by the intracluster plasma is observed to decline sharply with lowering virial temperatures t ie at shallower depths of the gravitational wells after a steep local l_xt correlation this implies increasing scarcity of diffuse baryons relative to dark matter well under the cosmic fraction we show how the widely debated issue concerning these missing baryons is solved in terms of the thermal andor dynamical effects of the kinetic at low redshifts z and radiative at high z energy inputs from central active galactic nuclei of which independent evidence is being observed from these inputs we compute shape and zevolution expected for l_xt correlation which agree with the existing data and provide a predictive pattern for future observations
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712.1442
On types of growth for graph-different permutations
We consider an infinite graph G whose vertex set is the set of natural numbers and adjacency depends solely on the difference between vertices. We study the largest cardinality of a set of permutations of [n] any pair of which differ somewhere in a pair of adjacent vertices of G and determine it completely in an interesting special case. We give estimates for other cases and compare the results in case of complementary graphs. We also explore the close relationship between our problem and the concept of Shannon capacity "within a given type".
math.CO cs.IT math.IT
we consider an infinite graph g whose vertex set is the set of natural numbers and adjacency depends solely on the difference between vertices we study the largest cardinality of a set of permutations of n any pair of which differ somewhere in a pair of adjacent vertices of g and determine it completely in an interesting special case we give estimates for other cases and compare the results in case of complementary graphs we also explore the close relationship between our problem and the concept of shannon capacity within a given type
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712.1443
The Jagiellonians and the Stars
The largest centre for astronomical and astrological study in the fifteenth century was the University of Cracow, which always was under special care of Jagiellonians. The use of astronomy and astrology at Jagiellonian courts in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries were very common. We try to convince the reader about this, exposing very limited historical sources.
astro-ph
the largest centre for astronomical and astrological study in the fifteenth century was the university of cracow which always was under special care of jagiellonians the use of astronomy and astrology at jagiellonian courts in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries were very common we try to convince the reader about this exposing very limited historical sources
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712.1444
The growth of ZnO crystals from the melt
The peculiar properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) make this material interesting for very different applications like light emitting diodes, lasers, and piezoelectric transducers. Most of these applications are based on epitaxial ZnO layers grown on suitable substrates, preferably bulk ZnO. Unfortunately the thermochemical properties of ZnO make the growth of single crystals difficult: the triple point 1975 deg C., 1.06 bar and the high oxygen fugacity at the melting point p_O2 = 0.35 bar lead to the prevailing opinion that ZnO crystals for technical applications can only be grown either by a hydrothermal method or from "cold crucibles" of solid ZnO. Both methods are known to have significant drawbacks. Our thermodynamic calculations and crystal growth experiments show, that in contrast to widely accepted assumptions, ZnO can be molten in metallic crucibles, if an atmosphere with "self adjusting" p_O2 is used. This new result is believed to offer new perspectives for ZnO crystal growth by established standard techniques like the Bridgman method.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other physics.chem-ph
the peculiar properties of zinc oxide zno make this material interesting for very different applications like light emitting diodes lasers and piezoelectric transducers most of these applications are based on epitaxial zno layers grown on suitable substrates preferably bulk zno unfortunately the thermochemical properties of zno make the growth of single crystals difficult the triple point 1975 deg c 106 bar and the high oxygen fugacity at the melting point p_o2 035 bar lead to the prevailing opinion that zno crystals for technical applications can only be grown either by a hydrothermal method or from cold crucibles of solid zno both methods are known to have significant drawbacks our thermodynamic calculations and crystal growth experiments show that in contrast to widely accepted assumptions zno can be molten in metallic crucibles if an atmosphere with self adjusting p_o2 is used this new result is believed to offer new perspectives for zno crystal growth by established standard techniques like the bridgman method
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712.1445
Critical Temperature and Condensate Fraction of a Fermion Pair Condensate
We report on measurements of the critical temperature and the temperature dependence of the condensate fraction for a fermion pair condensate of 6Li atoms. The Bragg spectroscopy is employed to determine the critical temperature and the condensate fraction after a fast magnetic field ramp to the molecular side of the Feshbach resonance. Our measurements reveal the level-off of the critical temperature and the limiting behavior of condensate fraction near the unitarity limit.
cond-mat.other
we report on measurements of the critical temperature and the temperature dependence of the condensate fraction for a fermion pair condensate of 6li atoms the bragg spectroscopy is employed to determine the critical temperature and the condensate fraction after a fast magnetic field ramp to the molecular side of the feshbach resonance our measurements reveal the leveloff of the critical temperature and the limiting behavior of condensate fraction near the unitarity limit
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712.1446
Unbounded Error Quantum Query Complexity
This work studies the quantum query complexity of Boolean functions in a scenario where it is only required that the query algorithm succeeds with a probability strictly greater than 1/2. We show that, just as in the communication complexity model, the unbounded error quantum query complexity is exactly half of its classical counterpart for any (partial or total) Boolean function. Moreover, we show that the "black-box" approach to convert quantum query algorithms into communication protocols by Buhrman-Cleve-Wigderson [STOC'98] is optimal even in the unbounded error setting. We also study a setting related to the unbounded error model, called the weakly unbounded error setting, where the cost of a query algorithm is given by q+log(1/2(p-1/2)), where q is the number of queries made and p>1/2 is the success probability of the algorithm. In contrast to the case of communication complexity, we show a tight Theta(log n) separation between quantum and classical query complexity in the weakly unbounded error setting for a partial Boolean function. We also show the asymptotic equivalence between them for some well-studied total Boolean functions.
quant-ph
this work studies the quantum query complexity of boolean functions in a scenario where it is only required that the query algorithm succeeds with a probability strictly greater than 12 we show that just as in the communication complexity model the unbounded error quantum query complexity is exactly half of its classical counterpart for any partial or total boolean function moreover we show that the blackbox approach to convert quantum query algorithms into communication protocols by buhrmanclevewigderson stoc98 is optimal even in the unbounded error setting we also study a setting related to the unbounded error model called the weakly unbounded error setting where the cost of a query algorithm is given by qlog12p12 where q is the number of queries made and p12 is the success probability of the algorithm in contrast to the case of communication complexity we show a tight thetalog n separation between quantum and classical query complexity in the weakly unbounded error setting for a partial boolean function we also show the asymptotic equivalence between them for some wellstudied total boolean functions
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712.1447
Microlensing Effects in Atmospheres of Substars
The purpose of the present work is the study of focusing properties of atmospheres of substars that is necessary for adequate interpreting of observational data and for solving the inverse problem consisting in recovery parameters of 'microlenses' (substars) and sources (quasars). Amplification factor for a quasar image as projected onto the field of microlenses-substars was computed for optical and radio wavelengths.
astro-ph
the purpose of the present work is the study of focusing properties of atmospheres of substars that is necessary for adequate interpreting of observational data and for solving the inverse problem consisting in recovery parameters of microlenses substars and sources quasars amplification factor for a quasar image as projected onto the field of microlensessubstars was computed for optical and radio wavelengths
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712.1448
Excitations in two-component Bose-gases
In this paper, we study a strongly correlated quantum system that has become amenable to experiment by the advent of ultracold bosonic atoms in optical lattices, a chain of two different bosonic constituents. Excitations in this system are first considered within the framework of bosonization and Luttinger liquid theory which are applicable if the Luttinger liquid parameters are determined numerically. The occurrence of a bosonic counterpart of fermionic spin-charge separation is signalled by a characteristic two-peak structure in the spectral functions found by dynamical DMRG in good agreement with analytical predictions. Experimentally, single-particle excitations as probed by spectral functions are currently not accessible in cold atoms. We therefore consider the modifications needed for current experiments, namely the investigation of the real-time evolution of density perturbations instead of single particle excitations, a slight inequivalence between the two intraspecies interactions in actual experiments, and the presence of a confining trap potential. Using time-dependent DMRG we show that only quantitative modifications occur. With an eye to the simulation of strongly correlated quantum systems far from equilibrium we detect a strong dependence of the time-evolution of entanglement entropy on the initial perturbation, signalling limitations to current reasonings on entanglement growth in many-body systems.
cond-mat.stat-mech
in this paper we study a strongly correlated quantum system that has become amenable to experiment by the advent of ultracold bosonic atoms in optical lattices a chain of two different bosonic constituents excitations in this system are first considered within the framework of bosonization and luttinger liquid theory which are applicable if the luttinger liquid parameters are determined numerically the occurrence of a bosonic counterpart of fermionic spincharge separation is signalled by a characteristic twopeak structure in the spectral functions found by dynamical dmrg in good agreement with analytical predictions experimentally singleparticle excitations as probed by spectral functions are currently not accessible in cold atoms we therefore consider the modifications needed for current experiments namely the investigation of the realtime evolution of density perturbations instead of single particle excitations a slight inequivalence between the two intraspecies interactions in actual experiments and the presence of a confining trap potential using timedependent dmrg we show that only quantitative modifications occur with an eye to the simulation of strongly correlated quantum systems far from equilibrium we detect a strong dependence of the timeevolution of entanglement entropy on the initial perturbation signalling limitations to current reasonings on entanglement growth in manybody systems
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712.1449
Spectroscopic Families Among Diffuse Interstellar Bands
Looking for spectroscopic families in the whole set of discovered diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) is an indirect trial of solving the problem of DIBs' carriers. Basing on optical high resolution spectra, covering the range from 5655 to 7020 \AA, we found few relatively strong DIBs which are not well correlated one with another and therefore they may play a role of representatives of separate spectroscopic families. In the next step we indicated DIBs which tend to follow the behaviour of their representatives. As a result of our analysis we propose few, probably not complete yet, spectroscopic families of DIBs.
astro-ph
looking for spectroscopic families in the whole set of discovered diffuse interstellar bands dibs is an indirect trial of solving the problem of dibs carriers basing on optical high resolution spectra covering the range from 5655 to 7020 aa we found few relatively strong dibs which are not well correlated one with another and therefore they may play a role of representatives of separate spectroscopic families in the next step we indicated dibs which tend to follow the behaviour of their representatives as a result of our analysis we propose few probably not complete yet spectroscopic families of dibs
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712.145
Stability of Q-balls and Catastrophe
We propose a practical method for analyzing stability of Q-balls for the whole parameter space, which includes the intermediate region between the thin-wall limit and thick-wall limit as well as Q-bubbles (Q-balls in false vacuum), using the catastrophe theory. We apply our method to the two concrete models, $V_3=m^2\phi^2/2-\mu\phi^3+\lambda\phi^4$ and $V_4=m^2\phi^2/2-\lambda\phi^4+\phi^6/M^2$. We find that $V_3$ and $V_4$ Models fall into {\it fold catastrophe} and {\it cusp catastrophe}, respectively, and their stability structures are quite different from each other.
hep-ph
we propose a practical method for analyzing stability of qballs for the whole parameter space which includes the intermediate region between the thinwall limit and thickwall limit as well as qbubbles qballs in false vacuum using the catastrophe theory we apply our method to the two concrete models v_3m2phi22muphi3lambdaphi4 and v_4m2phi22lambdaphi4phi6m2 we find that v_3 and v_4 models fall into it fold catastrophe and it cusp catastrophe respectively and their stability structures are quite different from each other
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712.1451
X-ray Timing Analysis of Six Pulsars Using ESA's XMM-Newton Observatory
We present results of a timing analysis of various isolated pulsars using ESA's \emph{XMM-Newton} observatory. Isolated pulsars are useful for calibration purposes because of their stable emission. We have analyzed six pulsars with different pulse profiles in a range of periods between 15 and 200 ms. All observations were made using the \emph{EPIC-pn camera} in its faster modes (Small window, Timing and Burst modes). We investigate the relative timing accuracy of the camera by comparing the pulse periods determined from the \emph{EPIC-pn camera} observations with those from radio observations. As a result of our analysis we conclude that the relative timing accuracy of the \emph{EPIC-pn camera} is of the order of $1\times 10^{-8}$.
astro-ph
we present results of a timing analysis of various isolated pulsars using esas emphxmmnewton observatory isolated pulsars are useful for calibration purposes because of their stable emission we have analyzed six pulsars with different pulse profiles in a range of periods between 15 and 200 ms all observations were made using the emphepicpn camera in its faster modes small window timing and burst modes we investigate the relative timing accuracy of the camera by comparing the pulse periods determined from the emphepicpn camera observations with those from radio observations as a result of our analysis we conclude that the relative timing accuracy of the emphepicpn camera is of the order of 1times 108
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712.1452
Interstellar C_2 Molecule Detected in UV Spectra of Reddened Stars
$C_2$ molecule is sometimes considered as a crucial component of carriers of some diffuse interstellar bands. Using UV data achieved by spectrometer STIS fed with HST we detected interstellar $C_2$ lines for few reddened target stars. We tried to verify the idea that intensity of $C_2$ lines around 2313 \AA is correlated with some diffuse interstellar bands.
astro-ph
c_2 molecule is sometimes considered as a crucial component of carriers of some diffuse interstellar bands using uv data achieved by spectrometer stis fed with hst we detected interstellar c_2 lines for few reddened target stars we tried to verify the idea that intensity of c_2 lines around 2313 aa is correlated with some diffuse interstellar bands
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712.1453
Neutrino mass hierarchy and Majorana CP phases within the Higgs triplet model at the LHC
Neutrino masses may be generated by the VEV of an $SU(2)_L$ Higgs triplet. We assume that the doubly charged component of such a triplet has a mass in the range of several 100 GeV, such that it is accessible at LHC. Its decay into like-sign leptons provides a clean experimental signature, which allows for a direct test of the neutrino mass matrix. By exploring the branching ratios of this decay into leptons of various flavours, we show that within this model the type of the neutrino mass spectrum (normal, inverted or quasi-degenerate) might actually be resolved at the LHC. Furthermore, we show that within the Higgs triplet model for neutrino mass the decays of the doubly charged scalar into like-sign lepton pairs at the LHC provide a possibility to determine the Majorana CP phases of the lepton mixing matrix.
hep-ph
neutrino masses may be generated by the vev of an su2_l higgs triplet we assume that the doubly charged component of such a triplet has a mass in the range of several 100 gev such that it is accessible at lhc its decay into likesign leptons provides a clean experimental signature which allows for a direct test of the neutrino mass matrix by exploring the branching ratios of this decay into leptons of various flavours we show that within this model the type of the neutrino mass spectrum normal inverted or quasidegenerate might actually be resolved at the lhc furthermore we show that within the higgs triplet model for neutrino mass the decays of the doubly charged scalar into likesign lepton pairs at the lhc provide a possibility to determine the majorana cp phases of the lepton mixing matrix
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712.1454
A Multiple System of Radio Sources at the Core of the L723 Multipolar Outflow
We present high angular resolution Very Large Array multi-epoch continuum observations at 3.6 cm and 7 mm towards the core of the L723 multipolar outflow revealing a multiple system of four radio sources suspected to be YSOs in a region of only ~4 arcsecs (1200 AU) in extent. The 3.6 cm observations show that the previously detected source VLA 2 contains a close (separation ~0.29 arcsecs or ~90 AU) radio binary, with components (A and B) along a position angle of ~150 degrees. The northern component (VLA 2A) of this binary system is also detected in the 7 mm observations, with a positive spectral index between 3.6 cm and 7 mm. In addition, the source VLA 2A is associated with extended emission along a position angle of ~115 degrees, that we interpret as outflowing shock-ionized gas that is exciting a system of HH objects with the same position angle. A third, weak 3.6 cm source, VLA 2C, that is detected also at 7 mm, is located ~0.7 arcsecs northeast of VLA 2A, and is possibly associated with the water maser emission in the region. The 7 mm observations reveal the presence of an additional source, VLA 2D, located ~3.5 arcsecs southeast of VLA 2A, and with a 1.35 mm counterpart. All these radio continuum sources have a positive spectral index, compatible with them being YSOs. We also propose that the high velocity CO emission observed in the region could be the superposition of multiple outflows (at least three independent bipolar outflows) excited by the YSOs located at the core, instead of the previous interpretations in terms of only one or two outflows.
astro-ph
we present high angular resolution very large array multiepoch continuum observations at 36 cm and 7 mm towards the core of the l723 multipolar outflow revealing a multiple system of four radio sources suspected to be ysos in a region of only 4 arcsecs 1200 au in extent the 36 cm observations show that the previously detected source vla 2 contains a close separation 029 arcsecs or 90 au radio binary with components a and b along a position angle of 150 degrees the northern component vla 2a of this binary system is also detected in the 7 mm observations with a positive spectral index between 36 cm and 7 mm in addition the source vla 2a is associated with extended emission along a position angle of 115 degrees that we interpret as outflowing shockionized gas that is exciting a system of hh objects with the same position angle a third weak 36 cm source vla 2c that is detected also at 7 mm is located 07 arcsecs northeast of vla 2a and is possibly associated with the water maser emission in the region the 7 mm observations reveal the presence of an additional source vla 2d located 35 arcsecs southeast of vla 2a and with a 135 mm counterpart all these radio continuum sources have a positive spectral index compatible with them being ysos we also propose that the high velocity co emission observed in the region could be the superposition of multiple outflows at least three independent bipolar outflows excited by the ysos located at the core instead of the previous interpretations in terms of only one or two outflows
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712.1455
On contact equivalence of systems of ordinary differential equations
We consider a problem of equivalence of generic pairs $(X,V)$ on a manifold $M$, where $V$ is a distribution of rank $m$ and $X$ is a distribution of rank one. We construct a canonical bundle with a canonical frame. We prove that two pairs are equivalent if and only if the corresponding frames are diffeomorphic. As a particular case, with $V$ integrable, we provide a new solution to the problem of contact equivalence of systems of $m$ ordinary differential equations: $x^{(k+1)}=F(t,x,x',...,x^{(k)})$, where $k>2$ or $k=2$ and $m>1$.
math.CA math.DG
we consider a problem of equivalence of generic pairs xv on a manifold m where v is a distribution of rank m and x is a distribution of rank one we construct a canonical bundle with a canonical frame we prove that two pairs are equivalent if and only if the corresponding frames are diffeomorphic as a particular case with v integrable we provide a new solution to the problem of contact equivalence of systems of m ordinary differential equations xk1ftxxxk where k2 or k2 and m1
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712.1456
Detecting abrupt changes of the long-range dependence or the self-similarity of a Gaussian process
In this paper, an estimator of $m$ instants ($m$ is known) of abrupt changes of the parameter of long-range dependence or self-similarity is proved to satisfy a limit theorem with an explicit convergence rate for a sample of a Gaussian process. In each estimated zone where the parameter is supposed not to change, a central limit theorem is established for the parameter's (of long-range dependence, self-similarity) estimator and a goodness-of-fit test is also built. {\it To cite this article: J.M. Bardet, I. Kammoun, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 340 (2007).}
math.ST stat.TH
in this paper an estimator of m instants m is known of abrupt changes of the parameter of longrange dependence or selfsimilarity is proved to satisfy a limit theorem with an explicit convergence rate for a sample of a gaussian process in each estimated zone where the parameter is supposed not to change a central limit theorem is established for the parameters of longrange dependence selfsimilarity estimator and a goodnessoffit test is also built it to cite this article jm bardet i kammoun c r acad sci paris ser i 340 2007
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712.1457
Abel maps of Gorenstein curves
For a Gorenstein curve X and a nonsingular point P of X, we construct Abel maps A from X to J_X^1 and A_P from X to J_X^0, where J_X^i is the moduli scheme for simple, torsion-free, rank-1 sheaves on X of degree i. The image curves of A and A_P are shown to have the same arithmetic genus of X. Also, A and A_P are shown to be embeddings away from rational subcurves L of X meeting the closure of X-L in separating nodes. Finally, we establish a connection with Seshadri's moduli scheme U_X(1) for semistable, torsion-free, rank-1 sheaves on X, obtaining an embedding of A(X) into U_X(1).
math.AG
for a gorenstein curve x and a nonsingular point p of x we construct abel maps a from x to j_x1 and a_p from x to j_x0 where j_xi is the moduli scheme for simple torsionfree rank1 sheaves on x of degree i the image curves of a and a_p are shown to have the same arithmetic genus of x also a and a_p are shown to be embeddings away from rational subcurves l of x meeting the closure of xl in separating nodes finally we establish a connection with seshadris moduli scheme u_x1 for semistable torsionfree rank1 sheaves on x obtaining an embedding of ax into u_x1
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712.1458
Accounting for spatial correlation in the scan statistic
The spatial scan statistic is widely used in epidemiology and medical studies as a tool to identify hotspots of diseases. The classical spatial scan statistic assumes the number of disease cases in different locations have independent Poisson distributions, while in practice the data may exhibit overdispersion and spatial correlation. In this work, we examine the behavior of the spatial scan statistic when overdispersion and spatial correlation are present, and propose a modified spatial scan statistic to account for that. Some theoretical results are provided to demonstrate that ignoring the overdispersion and spatial correlation leads to an increased rate of false positives, which is verified through a simulation study. Simulation studies also show that our modified procedure can substantially reduce the rate of false alarms. Two data examples involving brain cancer cases in New Mexico and chickenpox incidence data in France are used to illustrate the practical relevance of the modified procedure.
stat.AP
the spatial scan statistic is widely used in epidemiology and medical studies as a tool to identify hotspots of diseases the classical spatial scan statistic assumes the number of disease cases in different locations have independent poisson distributions while in practice the data may exhibit overdispersion and spatial correlation in this work we examine the behavior of the spatial scan statistic when overdispersion and spatial correlation are present and propose a modified spatial scan statistic to account for that some theoretical results are provided to demonstrate that ignoring the overdispersion and spatial correlation leads to an increased rate of false positives which is verified through a simulation study simulation studies also show that our modified procedure can substantially reduce the rate of false alarms two data examples involving brain cancer cases in new mexico and chickenpox incidence data in france are used to illustrate the practical relevance of the modified procedure
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712.1459
Interacting Galaxies with MOND
We compare N-body simulations performed in MOND with analogs in Newtonian gravity with dark matter (DM). We have developed a code which solves the Poisson equation in both gravity models. It is a grid solver using adaptive mesh refinement techniques, allowing us to study isolated galaxies as well as interacting galaxies. Galaxies in MOND are found to form bars faster and stronger than in the DM model. In Newton dynamics, it is difficult to reproduce the observed high frequency of strong bars, while MOND appears to fit better the observations. Galaxy interactions and mergers, such as the Antennae, are also simulated with Newton and MOND dynamics. In the latter, dynamical friction is much weaker, and merging time-scales are longer. The formation of tidal dwarf galaxies in tidal tails are also compared in MOND and Newton+DM models.
astro-ph
we compare nbody simulations performed in mond with analogs in newtonian gravity with dark matter dm we have developed a code which solves the poisson equation in both gravity models it is a grid solver using adaptive mesh refinement techniques allowing us to study isolated galaxies as well as interacting galaxies galaxies in mond are found to form bars faster and stronger than in the dm model in newton dynamics it is difficult to reproduce the observed high frequency of strong bars while mond appears to fit better the observations galaxy interactions and mergers such as the antennae are also simulated with newton and mond dynamics in the latter dynamical friction is much weaker and merging timescales are longer the formation of tidal dwarf galaxies in tidal tails are also compared in mond and newtondm models
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712.146
Bounds on Tur{\'a}n determinants
Let \mu denote a symmetric probability measure on [-1,1] and let (p_n) be the corresponding orthogonal polynomials normalized such that p_n(1)=1. We prove that the normalized Tur{\'a}n determinant \Delta_n(x)/(1-x^2), where \Delta_n=p_n^2-p_{n-1}p_{n+1}, is a Tur{\'a}n determinant of order n-1 for orthogonal polynomials with respect to (1-x^2)d\mu(x). We use this to prove lower and upper bounds for the normalized Tur{\'a}n determinant in the interval -1<x<1.
math.CA
let mu denote a symmetric probability measure on 11 and let p_n be the corresponding orthogonal polynomials normalized such that p_n11 we prove that the normalized turan determinant delta_nx1x2 where delta_np_n2p_n1p_n1 is a turan determinant of order n1 for orthogonal polynomials with respect to 1x2dmux we use this to prove lower and upper bounds for the normalized turan determinant in the interval 1x1
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712.1461
Trapping Abelian anyons in fractional quantum Hall droplets
We study the trapping of Abelian anyons (quasiholes and quasiparticles) by a local potential (e.g., induced by an AFM tip) in a microscopic model of fractional quantum Hall liquids with long-range Coulomb interaction and edge confining potential. We find, in particular, at Laughlin filling fraction $\nu = 1/3$, both quasihole and quasiparticle states can emerge as the ground state of the system in the presence of the trapping potential. As expected, we find the presence of an Abelian quasihole has no effect on the edge spectrum of the quantum liquid, unlike in the non-Abelian case [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 97}, 256804 (2006)]. Although quasiholes and quasiparticles can emerge generically in the system, their stability depends on the strength of the confining potential, the strength and the range of the trapping potential. We discuss the relevance of the calculation to the high-accuracy generation and control of individual anyons in potential experiments, in particular, in the context of topological quantum computing.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el
we study the trapping of abelian anyons quasiholes and quasiparticles by a local potential eg induced by an afm tip in a microscopic model of fractional quantum hall liquids with longrange coulomb interaction and edge confining potential we find in particular at laughlin filling fraction nu 13 both quasihole and quasiparticle states can emerge as the ground state of the system in the presence of the trapping potential as expected we find the presence of an abelian quasihole has no effect on the edge spectrum of the quantum liquid unlike in the nonabelian case phys rev lett bf 97 256804 2006 although quasiholes and quasiparticles can emerge generically in the system their stability depends on the strength of the confining potential the strength and the range of the trapping potential we discuss the relevance of the calculation to the highaccuracy generation and control of individual anyons in potential experiments in particular in the context of topological quantum computing
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712.1462
Accelerating expansion and change of signature
We show that some types of sudden singularities admit a natural explanation in terms of regular changes of signature on brane-worlds in AdS$_{5}$. The present accelerated expansion of the Universe and its possible ending at a sudden singularity may therefore simply be an indication that our braneworld is about to change its Lorentzian signature to an Euclidean one, while remaining fully regular. An explicit example of this behaviour satisfying the weak and strong energy conditions is presented.
gr-qc
we show that some types of sudden singularities admit a natural explanation in terms of regular changes of signature on braneworlds in ads_5 the present accelerated expansion of the universe and its possible ending at a sudden singularity may therefore simply be an indication that our braneworld is about to change its lorentzian signature to an euclidean one while remaining fully regular an explicit example of this behaviour satisfying the weak and strong energy conditions is presented
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712.1463
Strongly localized quantum crystalline states of the jellium model
We consider a system made up of N electrons interacting with a neutralizing positive background within a cubic box of volume V. After dividing the box into N (or N/2) cubic cells for the polarized (unpolarized) case, we average the creation field operator over each cell with a suitable weight function and we consider the quantum crystalline states obtained by letting all the average operators act on the vacuum state. These states exclude the possibility that each cell may momentarily contain more than one or two electrons in the polarized or unpolarized case. The expectation value of the Hamiltonian over this class of states is evaluated in the thermodynamic limit and the weight function is chosen in such a way to minimize the expectation value. The involved numerical analysis is explicitly performed with a weight function having a generalized Gaussian shape depending on a parameter. It turns out that the unpolarized and polarized quantum crystalline states yield an energy per particle smaller than the homogeneous Hartree-Fock ones for r_s>90 and r_s>28, respectively. Moreover, for the polarized case, the energy per particle at r_s=100 is -0.01448ryd close {to -0.0153530(8)ryd, the best quantum Monte Carlo value [Drummond et al., Phys. Rev.B {\bf 69}, 085116, (2004)] and this discrepancy measures the correlation contribution neglected in our approximation.
cond-mat.str-el
we consider a system made up of n electrons interacting with a neutralizing positive background within a cubic box of volume v after dividing the box into n or n2 cubic cells for the polarized unpolarized case we average the creation field operator over each cell with a suitable weight function and we consider the quantum crystalline states obtained by letting all the average operators act on the vacuum state these states exclude the possibility that each cell may momentarily contain more than one or two electrons in the polarized or unpolarized case the expectation value of the hamiltonian over this class of states is evaluated in the thermodynamic limit and the weight function is chosen in such a way to minimize the expectation value the involved numerical analysis is explicitly performed with a weight function having a generalized gaussian shape depending on a parameter it turns out that the unpolarized and polarized quantum crystalline states yield an energy per particle smaller than the homogeneous hartreefock ones for r_s90 and r_s28 respectively moreover for the polarized case the energy per particle at r_s100 is 001448ryd close to 001535308ryd the best quantum monte carlo value drummond et al phys revb bf 69 085116 2004 and this discrepancy measures the correlation contribution neglected in our approximation
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712.1464
Spectral Radius and Amenability in Hilbert Geometries
We study the bottom of the spectrum in Hilbert geometries, we show that it is zero if and only if the geometry is amenable, in other words if and only if it admits a F\"olner sequence. We also show that the bottom of the spectrum admits an upper bound, which depends only on the dimension and which is the bottom of the spectrum of the Hyperbolic geometry of the same dimension. Horoballs, from a purely metric point of view, and their relation with the bottom of the spectrum in Hilbert geometries are briefly studied.
math.DG math.GM
we study the bottom of the spectrum in hilbert geometries we show that it is zero if and only if the geometry is amenable in other words if and only if it admits a folner sequence we also show that the bottom of the spectrum admits an upper bound which depends only on the dimension and which is the bottom of the spectrum of the hyperbolic geometry of the same dimension horoballs from a purely metric point of view and their relation with the bottom of the spectrum in hilbert geometries are briefly studied
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712.1465
Binary and Ternary Quasi-perfect Codes with Small Dimensions
The aim of this work is a systematic investigation of the possible parameters of quasi-perfect (QP) binary and ternary linear codes of small dimensions and preparing a complete classification of all such codes. First we give a list of infinite families of QP codes which includes all binary, ternary and quaternary codes known to is. We continue further with a list of sporadic examples of binary and ternary QP codes. Later we present the results of our investigation where binary QP codes of dimensions up to 14 and ternary QP codes of dimensions up to 13 are classified.
math.CO
the aim of this work is a systematic investigation of the possible parameters of quasiperfect qp binary and ternary linear codes of small dimensions and preparing a complete classification of all such codes first we give a list of infinite families of qp codes which includes all binary ternary and quaternary codes known to is we continue further with a list of sporadic examples of binary and ternary qp codes later we present the results of our investigation where binary qp codes of dimensions up to 14 and ternary qp codes of dimensions up to 13 are classified
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712.1466
Theoretical Criteria for the Occurrence of Turbulence in Burger's Equation
Throughout the history of the study of turbulence in fluid dynamics, there has yet to arise a unique definition or theoretical criterion for this important phenomenon. There have been interesting conjectures made by Ruelle [2], Muriel [3], and Getreuer, Albano and Muriel [6], however, attempting to provide the sufficient criteria for the onset of turbulence. In this paper, a classic equation in fluid dynamics, Burger's equation, is solved in one and two dimensions, and these conjectures are illustrated. This illustration supports these conjectures by showing that the proposed criteria do arise mathematically from the solutions of an equation modelling fluid flows.
physics.flu-dyn
throughout the history of the study of turbulence in fluid dynamics there has yet to arise a unique definition or theoretical criterion for this important phenomenon there have been interesting conjectures made by ruelle 2 muriel 3 and getreuer albano and muriel 6 however attempting to provide the sufficient criteria for the onset of turbulence in this paper a classic equation in fluid dynamics burgers equation is solved in one and two dimensions and these conjectures are illustrated this illustration supports these conjectures by showing that the proposed criteria do arise mathematically from the solutions of an equation modelling fluid flows
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712.1467
Heterodyne holographic microscopy of gold particles
We report experimental results on heterodyne holographic microscopy of subwavelength-sized gold particles. The apparatus uses continuous green laser illumination of the metal beads in a total internal reflection configuration for dark-field operation. Detection of the scattered light at the illumination wavelength on a charge-coupled device array detector enables 3D localization of brownian particles in water
physics.optics physics.bio-ph
we report experimental results on heterodyne holographic microscopy of subwavelengthsized gold particles the apparatus uses continuous green laser illumination of the metal beads in a total internal reflection configuration for darkfield operation detection of the scattered light at the illumination wavelength on a chargecoupled device array detector enables 3d localization of brownian particles in water
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712.1468
High frequency limit of the Transport Cross Section and boundedness of the Total Cross Section in scattering by an obstacle with impedance boundary conditions
The scalar scattering of the plane wave by a strictly convex obstacle with impedance boundary conditions is considered. The uniform boundedness of the Total Cross Section for all values of frequencies is proved. The high frequency limit of the Transport Cross Section is founded and presented as a classical functional of the variational theory.
math-ph math.MP
the scalar scattering of the plane wave by a strictly convex obstacle with impedance boundary conditions is considered the uniform boundedness of the total cross section for all values of frequencies is proved the high frequency limit of the transport cross section is founded and presented as a classical functional of the variational theory
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712.1469
Perturbative analysis of the Neuberger-Dirac operator in the Schr\"odinger functional
We investigate the spectrum of the free Neuberger-Dirac operator $\Dov$ on the Schr\"odinger functional (SF). We check that the lowest few eigen-values of the Hermitian operator $\Dov^{\dag}\Dov$ in unit of $L^{-2}$ converge to the continuum limit properly. We also perform a one-loop calculation of the SF coupling, and then check the universality and investigate lattice artifacts of the step scaling function. It turns out that the lattice artifacts for the Neuberger-Dirac operator are comparable in those of the clover action.
hep-lat
we investigate the spectrum of the free neubergerdirac operator dov on the schrodinger functional sf we check that the lowest few eigenvalues of the hermitian operator dovdagdov in unit of l2 converge to the continuum limit properly we also perform a oneloop calculation of the sf coupling and then check the universality and investigate lattice artifacts of the step scaling function it turns out that the lattice artifacts for the neubergerdirac operator are comparable in those of the clover action
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712.147
On the age heterogeneity of the Pleiades, Hyades and Sirius moving groups
We investigate the nature of the classical low-velocity structures in the local velocity field, i.e. the Pleiades, Hyades and Sirius moving groups. After using a wavelet transform to locate them in velocity space, we study their relation with the open clusters kinematically associated with them. By directly comparing the location of moving group stars in parallax space to the isochrones of the embedded clusters, we check whether, within the observational errors on the parallax, all moving group stars could originate from the on-going evaporation of the associated cluster. We conclude that, in each moving group, the fraction of stars making up the velocity-space overdensity superimposed on the background is higher than the fraction of stars compatible with the isochrone of the associated cluster. These observations thus favour a dynamical (resonant) origin for the Pleiades, Hyades and Sirius moving groups.
astro-ph
we investigate the nature of the classical lowvelocity structures in the local velocity field ie the pleiades hyades and sirius moving groups after using a wavelet transform to locate them in velocity space we study their relation with the open clusters kinematically associated with them by directly comparing the location of moving group stars in parallax space to the isochrones of the embedded clusters we check whether within the observational errors on the parallax all moving group stars could originate from the ongoing evaporation of the associated cluster we conclude that in each moving group the fraction of stars making up the velocityspace overdensity superimposed on the background is higher than the fraction of stars compatible with the isochrone of the associated cluster these observations thus favour a dynamical resonant origin for the pleiades hyades and sirius moving groups
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712.1471
Solar Physics and the Solar-Stellar Connection at Dome C
Solar magnetic fields evolve on many time-scales, e.g., the generation, migration, and dissipation of magnetic flux during the 22-year magnetic cycle of the Sun. Active regions develop and decay over periods of weeks. The build-up of magnetic shear in active regions can occur within less than a day. At the shortest time-scales, the magnetic field topology can change rapidly within a few minutes as the result of eruptive events such as flares, filament eruptions, and coronal mass ejections. The unique daytime seeing characteristics at Dome C, i.e., continuous periods of very good to excellent seeing during almost the entire Antarctic summer, allow us to address many of the top science cases related to the evolution of solar magnetic fields. We introduce the Advanced Solar Photometric Imager and Radiation Experiment and present the science cases for synoptic solar observations at Dome C. Furthermore, common science cases concerning the solar-stellar connection are discussed in the context of the proposed International Concordia Explorer Telescope.
astro-ph
solar magnetic fields evolve on many timescales eg the generation migration and dissipation of magnetic flux during the 22year magnetic cycle of the sun active regions develop and decay over periods of weeks the buildup of magnetic shear in active regions can occur within less than a day at the shortest timescales the magnetic field topology can change rapidly within a few minutes as the result of eruptive events such as flares filament eruptions and coronal mass ejections the unique daytime seeing characteristics at dome c ie continuous periods of very good to excellent seeing during almost the entire antarctic summer allow us to address many of the top science cases related to the evolution of solar magnetic fields we introduce the advanced solar photometric imager and radiation experiment and present the science cases for synoptic solar observations at dome c furthermore common science cases concerning the solarstellar connection are discussed in the context of the proposed international concordia explorer telescope
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712.1472
Classification of Connections on Higher-Dimensional Non-Commutative Tori
If X is a full, finitely generated, projective module over a non-commutative torus, the Yang-Mills functional attains its minimum exactly on the flat connections on X. We classify the flat connections on modules admitting integrable connections.
math.OA math.DG math.QA
if x is a full finitely generated projective module over a noncommutative torus the yangmills functional attains its minimum exactly on the flat connections on x we classify the flat connections on modules admitting integrable connections
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712.1473
Trends for Outer Disk Profiles
The surface-brightness profiles of galaxy disks fall into three main classes, based on whether they are simple exponentials (Type I), bend down at large radii (Type II, "truncations") or bend up at large radii (Type III, "antitruncations"). Here, we discuss how the frequency of these different profiles depends on Hubble type, environment, and the presence or absence of bars; these trends may herald important new tests for disk formation models.
astro-ph
the surfacebrightness profiles of galaxy disks fall into three main classes based on whether they are simple exponentials type i bend down at large radii type ii truncations or bend up at large radii type iii antitruncations here we discuss how the frequency of these different profiles depends on hubble type environment and the presence or absence of bars these trends may herald important new tests for disk formation models
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712.1474
Quantum entanglement in the voltage dependent sodium channel can reproduce the salient features of neuronal action potential initiation
We investigate the effects of a quantum entanglement regime within an ion conducting molecule (ion channel) of the neuronal plasma membrane on the onset dynamics of propagating nerve pulses (action potentials). In particular, we model the onset parameters of the sodium current in the Hodgkin Huxley equation as three similar but independent probabilistic mechanisms which become quantum entangled. The underlying physics is general and can involve entanglement between various degrees of freedom underlaying ion transition states or 'gating states' during conduction, e.g. Na$^+$ ions in different channel locations, or different 'affinity' states of ions with atoms lining the sub-regions of the channel protein ('filter-states'). We find that the 'quantum corrected' Hodgkin Huxley equation incorporating entangled systems states can reproduce action potential pulses with the critical onset dynamics observed recently in neocortical neurons in vivo by Naundorf et al. [Nature {\bf 440}, 1060 (20 April 2006)]. Interestingly, the suggested entanglement term can also slow down action potential initiation.
physics.bio-ph
we investigate the effects of a quantum entanglement regime within an ion conducting molecule ion channel of the neuronal plasma membrane on the onset dynamics of propagating nerve pulses action potentials in particular we model the onset parameters of the sodium current in the hodgkin huxley equation as three similar but independent probabilistic mechanisms which become quantum entangled the underlying physics is general and can involve entanglement between various degrees of freedom underlaying ion transition states or gating states during conduction eg na ions in different channel locations or different affinity states of ions with atoms lining the subregions of the channel protein filterstates we find that the quantum corrected hodgkin huxley equation incorporating entangled systems states can reproduce action potential pulses with the critical onset dynamics observed recently in neocortical neurons in vivo by naundorf et al nature bf 440 1060 20 april 2006 interestingly the suggested entanglement term can also slow down action potential initiation
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712.1475
The study of double vector charmonium mesons production at B-factories within light cone formalism
In this paper the processes $e^+ e^- \to J/\Psi J/\Psi, J/\Psi \psi', \psi' \psi'$ are considered in the framework of light cone formalism. An important distinction of this approach in comparison to the approaches used in other papers is that relativistic and leading logarithmic radiative corrections to the cross section can be easily resummed within light cone formalism. In this paper the effect of this resummation is studied. It is shown that this effect is important especially for the production of higher charmonium mesons. The predicted cross sections are in agreement with the upper bounds set by Belle collaboration.
hep-ph
in this paper the processes e e to jpsi jpsi jpsi psi psi psi are considered in the framework of light cone formalism an important distinction of this approach in comparison to the approaches used in other papers is that relativistic and leading logarithmic radiative corrections to the cross section can be easily resummed within light cone formalism in this paper the effect of this resummation is studied it is shown that this effect is important especially for the production of higher charmonium mesons the predicted cross sections are in agreement with the upper bounds set by belle collaboration
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712.1476
Analytical Approach to Subhaloes Population in Dark Matter Haloes
In the standard model of cosmic structure formation, dark matter haloes form by gravitational instability. The process is hierarchical: smaller systems collapse earlier, and later merge to form larger haloes. The galaxy clusters, hosted by the largest dark matter haloes, are at the top of this hierarchy representing the largest as well as the last structures formed in the universe, while the smaller and first haloes are those Earth-sized dark subhaloes which have been both predicted by theoretical considerations and found in numerical simulations, though it does not exist any observational hints of their existence. The probability that a halo of mass $m$ at redshift $z$ will be part of a larger halo of mass $M$ at the present time can be described in the frame of the extended Press & Schecter theory making use of the progenitor (conditional) mass function. Using the progenitor mass function we calculate analytically, at redshift zero, the distribution of subhaloes in mass, formation epoch and rarity of the peak of the density field at the formation epoch. That is done for a Milky Way-size system, assuming both a spherical and an ellipsoidal collapse model. Our calculation assumes that small progenitors do not lose mass due to dynamical processes after entering the parent halo, and that they do not interact with other subhaloes. For a $\mathrm{\Lambda}$CDM power spectrum we obtain a subhalo mass function $\mathrm{d}n/\mathrm{d}m$ proportional to $m^{- \alpha}$ with a model-independent $\alpha \sim 2$. Assuming the dark matter is a weakly interacting massive particle, the inferred distributions is used to test the feasibility of an indirect detection in the $\gamma$-rays energy band of such a population of subhaloes with a GLAST-like satellite.
astro-ph
in the standard model of cosmic structure formation dark matter haloes form by gravitational instability the process is hierarchical smaller systems collapse earlier and later merge to form larger haloes the galaxy clusters hosted by the largest dark matter haloes are at the top of this hierarchy representing the largest as well as the last structures formed in the universe while the smaller and first haloes are those earthsized dark subhaloes which have been both predicted by theoretical considerations and found in numerical simulations though it does not exist any observational hints of their existence the probability that a halo of mass m at redshift z will be part of a larger halo of mass m at the present time can be described in the frame of the extended press schecter theory making use of the progenitor conditional mass function using the progenitor mass function we calculate analytically at redshift zero the distribution of subhaloes in mass formation epoch and rarity of the peak of the density field at the formation epoch that is done for a milky waysize system assuming both a spherical and an ellipsoidal collapse model our calculation assumes that small progenitors do not lose mass due to dynamical processes after entering the parent halo and that they do not interact with other subhaloes for a mathrmlambdacdm power spectrum we obtain a subhalo mass function mathrmdnmathrmdm proportional to m alpha with a modelindependent alpha sim 2 assuming the dark matter is a weakly interacting massive particle the inferred distributions is used to test the feasibility of an indirect detection in the gammarays energy band of such a population of subhaloes with a glastlike satellite
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712.1477
Crossing paths in 2D Random Walks
We investigate crossing path probabilities for two agents that move randomly in a bounded region of the plane or on a sphere (denoted $R$). At each discrete time-step the agents move, independently, fixed distances $d_1$ and $d_2$ at angles that are uniformly distributed in $(0,2\pi)$. If $R$ is large enough and the initial positions of the agents are uniformly distributed in $R$, then the probability of paths crossing at the first time-step is close to $ 2d_1d_2/(\pi A[R])$, where $A[R]$ is the area of $R$. Simulations suggest that the long-run rate at which paths cross is also close to $2d_1d_2/(\pi A[R])$ (despite marked departures from uniformity and independence conditions needed for such a conclusion).
stat.AP
we investigate crossing path probabilities for two agents that move randomly in a bounded region of the plane or on a sphere denoted r at each discrete timestep the agents move independently fixed distances d_1 and d_2 at angles that are uniformly distributed in 02pi if r is large enough and the initial positions of the agents are uniformly distributed in r then the probability of paths crossing at the first timestep is close to 2d_1d_2pi ar where ar is the area of r simulations suggest that the longrun rate at which paths cross is also close to 2d_1d_2pi ar despite marked departures from uniformity and independence conditions needed for such a conclusion
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712.1478
Heavy Quarkonia in Light-Front QCD
This talk is based on results obtained for masses and wave functions of heavy quarkonia in a light-front Hamiltonian formulation of QCD with just one flavor of quarks using an ansatz for the mass-gap for gluons. Since the calculated spectra compare reasonably well with data, some further steps one can make are discussed.
hep-ph
this talk is based on results obtained for masses and wave functions of heavy quarkonia in a lightfront hamiltonian formulation of qcd with just one flavor of quarks using an ansatz for the massgap for gluons since the calculated spectra compare reasonably well with data some further steps one can make are discussed
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