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712.2679
Diffusion on Ruffled Membrane Surfaces
We present a position Langevin equation for overdamped particle motion on rough two-dimensional surfaces. A Brownian Dynamics algorithm is suggested to evolve this equation numerically, allowing for the prediction of effective (projected) diffusion coefficients over corrugated surfaces. In the case of static surface roughness, we find that a simple area-scaling prediction for the projected diffusion coefficient leads to seemingly quantitative agreement with numerical results. To study the effect of dynamic surface evolution on the diffusive process, we consider particle diffusion over a thermally fluctuating elastic membrane. Surface fluctuation has the effect of increasing the effective diffusivity toward a limiting annealed-surface value discussed previously. We argue that protein motion over cell surfaces spans a variety of physical regimes, making it impossible to identify a single approximation scheme appropriate to all measurements of interest.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
we present a position langevin equation for overdamped particle motion on rough twodimensional surfaces a brownian dynamics algorithm is suggested to evolve this equation numerically allowing for the prediction of effective projected diffusion coefficients over corrugated surfaces in the case of static surface roughness we find that a simple areascaling prediction for the projected diffusion coefficient leads to seemingly quantitative agreement with numerical results to study the effect of dynamic surface evolution on the diffusive process we consider particle diffusion over a thermally fluctuating elastic membrane surface fluctuation has the effect of increasing the effective diffusivity toward a limiting annealedsurface value discussed previously we argue that protein motion over cell surfaces spans a variety of physical regimes making it impossible to identify a single approximation scheme appropriate to all measurements of interest
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712.268
Tensor and Operator Forms of 3He and 3H Wave Functions for Parity-Violating Nuclear Forces
Tensor representation (TR) for wave function (WF) of three-nucleon bound state with the total angular momentum I=1/2 is discussed. The WF in TR has 16 complex components depending on vectors of relative momenta. Constraints on the WF imposed by requirements of invariance with respect to space inversion and time reversal are studied. Both parity-even and parity-odd components of the 3N bound state are constructed using 16 scalar functions. The arguments of the functions are magnitudes of relative momenta and scalar product of the momenta. With nuclear forces being time-reversal invariant these functions are real. The WF in TR is converted into an operator form, accounting for parity violating contributions. Properties of operator representations for WFs of 2N and 3N nuclei are compared.
nucl-th
tensor representation tr for wave function wf of threenucleon bound state with the total angular momentum i12 is discussed the wf in tr has 16 complex components depending on vectors of relative momenta constraints on the wf imposed by requirements of invariance with respect to space inversion and time reversal are studied both parityeven and parityodd components of the 3n bound state are constructed using 16 scalar functions the arguments of the functions are magnitudes of relative momenta and scalar product of the momenta with nuclear forces being timereversal invariant these functions are real the wf in tr is converted into an operator form accounting for parity violating contributions properties of operator representations for wfs of 2n and 3n nuclei are compared
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712.2681
The Relic Abundance of Massive Colored Particles after a Late Hadronic Annihilation Stage
We discuss the relic abundance of massive long lived colored particles with mass of the order of 1 TeV. We first examine the case where the massive colored particles have the standard color only. Next we consider the "Quirk Model" suggested by M. Luty, in which the colored particles transform under an additional non-abelian gauge group with a scale much smaller than the particles' mass. In both cases, the relic abundance is reduced via a "late" hadronic annihilation stage. In the second case the relic Quirks bind to ordinary quarks forming fractional charged objects and also anomalous heavy isotopes, and the bounds on the relic abundance become extremely severe. The force between Quirks, however, has a new confining part that manifests via macroscopic strings and the resulting efficient "very late" annihilations reduce the relic abundance to acceptable levels. The prospects of creating and detecting such particles at LHC and the fate of the particles created are discussed.
hep-ph astro-ph
we discuss the relic abundance of massive long lived colored particles with mass of the order of 1 tev we first examine the case where the massive colored particles have the standard color only next we consider the quirk model suggested by m luty in which the colored particles transform under an additional nonabelian gauge group with a scale much smaller than the particles mass in both cases the relic abundance is reduced via a late hadronic annihilation stage in the second case the relic quirks bind to ordinary quarks forming fractional charged objects and also anomalous heavy isotopes and the bounds on the relic abundance become extremely severe the force between quirks however has a new confining part that manifests via macroscopic strings and the resulting efficient very late annihilations reduce the relic abundance to acceptable levels the prospects of creating and detecting such particles at lhc and the fate of the particles created are discussed
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712.2682
An Approximation Ratio for Biclustering
The problem of biclustering consists of the simultaneous clustering of rows and columns of a matrix such that each of the submatrices induced by a pair of row and column clusters is as uniform as possible. In this paper we approximate the optimal biclustering by applying one-way clustering algorithms independently on the rows and on the columns of the input matrix. We show that such a solution yields a worst-case approximation ratio of 1+sqrt(2) under L1-norm for 0-1 valued matrices, and of 2 under L2-norm for real valued matrices.
cs.DS stat.ML
the problem of biclustering consists of the simultaneous clustering of rows and columns of a matrix such that each of the submatrices induced by a pair of row and column clusters is as uniform as possible in this paper we approximate the optimal biclustering by applying oneway clustering algorithms independently on the rows and on the columns of the input matrix we show that such a solution yields a worstcase approximation ratio of 1sqrt2 under l1norm for 01 valued matrices and of 2 under l2norm for real valued matrices
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712.2683
Electronic transport in AlMn(Si) and AlCuFe quasicrystals: Break-down of the semiclassical model
The semi-classical Bloch-Boltzmann theory is at the heart of our understanding of conduction in solids, ranging from metals to semi-conductors. Physical systems that are beyond the range of applicability of this theory are thus of fundamental interest. It appears that in quasicrystals and related complex metallic alloys, a new type of break-down of this theory operates. This phenomenon is related to the specific propagation of electrons. We develop a theory of quantum transport that applies to a normal ballistic law but also to these specific diffusion laws. As we show phenomenological models based on this theory describe correctly the anomalous conductivity in quasicrystals. Ab-initio calculations performed on approximants confirm also the validity of this anomalous quantum diffusion scheme. This provides us with an ab-initio model of transport in approximants such as alpha-AlMnSi and AlCuFe 1/1 cubic approximant.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
the semiclassical blochboltzmann theory is at the heart of our understanding of conduction in solids ranging from metals to semiconductors physical systems that are beyond the range of applicability of this theory are thus of fundamental interest it appears that in quasicrystals and related complex metallic alloys a new type of breakdown of this theory operates this phenomenon is related to the specific propagation of electrons we develop a theory of quantum transport that applies to a normal ballistic law but also to these specific diffusion laws as we show phenomenological models based on this theory describe correctly the anomalous conductivity in quasicrystals abinitio calculations performed on approximants confirm also the validity of this anomalous quantum diffusion scheme this provides us with an abinitio model of transport in approximants such as alphaalmnsi and alcufe 11 cubic approximant
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712.2684
An Economic Model of Coupled Exponential Maps
In this work, an ensemble of economic interacting agents is considered. The agents are arranged in a linear array where only local couplings are allowed. The deterministic dynamics of each agent is given by a map. This map is expressed by two factors. The first one is a linear term that models the expansion of the agent's economy and that is controlled by the {\it growth capacity parameter}. The second one is an inhibition exponential term that is regulated by the {\it local environmental pressure}. Depending on the parameter setting, the system can display Pareto or Boltzmann-Gibbs behavior in the asymptotic dynamical regime. The regions of parameter space where the system exhibits one of these two statistical behaviors are delimited. Other properties of the system, such as the mean wealth, the standard deviation and the Gini coefficient, are also calculated.
q-fin.GN cs.MA nlin.AO physics.soc-ph
in this work an ensemble of economic interacting agents is considered the agents are arranged in a linear array where only local couplings are allowed the deterministic dynamics of each agent is given by a map this map is expressed by two factors the first one is a linear term that models the expansion of the agents economy and that is controlled by the it growth capacity parameter the second one is an inhibition exponential term that is regulated by the it local environmental pressure depending on the parameter setting the system can display pareto or boltzmanngibbs behavior in the asymptotic dynamical regime the regions of parameter space where the system exhibits one of these two statistical behaviors are delimited other properties of the system such as the mean wealth the standard deviation and the gini coefficient are also calculated
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712.2685
Poisson structures and generalized Kahler structures
Let X be a compact Kahler manifold with a non-trivial holomorphic Poisson structure. Then there exist deformations of non-trivial generalized Kahler structures with one pure spinor on X. We prove that every Poisson submanifold of X is a generalized Kahler submanifold with respect to the deformed generalized Kahler structures and provide non-trivial examples of generalized Kahler submanifolds arising as holomorphic Poisson submanifolds. We also obtain unobstructed deformations of bi-Hermitian structures constructed from Poisson structures.
math.DG
let x be a compact kahler manifold with a nontrivial holomorphic poisson structure then there exist deformations of nontrivial generalized kahler structures with one pure spinor on x we prove that every poisson submanifold of x is a generalized kahler submanifold with respect to the deformed generalized kahler structures and provide nontrivial examples of generalized kahler submanifolds arising as holomorphic poisson submanifolds we also obtain unobstructed deformations of bihermitian structures constructed from poisson structures
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712.2686
Comment on "Remark on the renormalization group equation for the Penner model"
We show explicitly that the sum over punctures for the three times derivative for the Penner free energy $F_{0}^{3}$, given by D.A. Johnston, Phys.Rev.D 51 (1995) is not correct. As a consequence, Eq.(21), the differentiated version for the renormalization group (RG) equation, is wrong. Also, his conclusion that the differentiated version of the (RG) equation for the three-times derivative of the free energy can be obtained from the higher genus (RG) equation can not be true. Finally, the differentiated version of the (RG) equation is extended to any $s$ derivative of the free energy $F_{0}$.
hep-th
we show explicitly that the sum over punctures for the three times derivative for the penner free energy f_03 given by da johnston physrevd 51 1995 is not correct as a consequence eq21 the differentiated version for the renormalization group rg equation is wrong also his conclusion that the differentiated version of the rg equation for the threetimes derivative of the free energy can be obtained from the higher genus rg equation can not be true finally the differentiated version of the rg equation is extended to any s derivative of the free energy f_0
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712.2687
The value of information in financial markets: An agent-based simulation
We present results on simulations of a stock market with heterogeneous, cumulative information setup. We find a non-monotonic behaviour of traders' returns as a function of their information level. Particularly, the average informed agents underperform random traders; only the most informed agents are able to beat the market. We also study the effect of a strategy updating mechanism, when traders have the possibility of using other pieces of information than the fundamental value. These results corroborate the latter ones: it is only for the most informed player that it is rewarding to stay fundamentalist. The simulations reproduce some stylized facts of tick-by-tick stock-exchange data and globally show informational efficiency.
q-fin.TR physics.soc-ph
we present results on simulations of a stock market with heterogeneous cumulative information setup we find a nonmonotonic behaviour of traders returns as a function of their information level particularly the average informed agents underperform random traders only the most informed agents are able to beat the market we also study the effect of a strategy updating mechanism when traders have the possibility of using other pieces of information than the fundamental value these results corroborate the latter ones it is only for the most informed player that it is rewarding to stay fundamentalist the simulations reproduce some stylized facts of tickbytick stockexchange data and globally show informational efficiency
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712.2688
Cubicity, Boxicity and Vertex Cover
A $k$-dimensional box is the cartesian product $R_1 \times R_2 \times ... \times R_k$ where each $R_i$ is a closed interval on the real line. The {\it boxicity} of a graph $G$, denoted as $box(G)$, is the minimum integer $k$ such that $G$ is the intersection graph of a collection of $k$-dimensional boxes. A unit cube in $k$-dimensional space or a $k$-cube is defined as the cartesian product $R_1 \times R_2 \times ... \times R_k$ where each $R_i$ is a closed interval on the real line of the form $[a_i, a_{i}+1]$. The {\it cubicity} of $G$, denoted as $cub(G)$, is the minimum $k$ such that $G$ is the intersection graph of a collection of $k$-cubes. In this paper we show that $cub(G) \leq t + \left \lceil \log (n - t)\right\rceil - 1$ and $box(G) \leq \left \lfloor\frac{t}{2}\right\rfloor + 1$, where $t$ is the cardinality of the minimum vertex cover of $G$ and $n$ is the number of vertices of $G$. We also show the tightness of these upper bounds. F. S. Roberts in his pioneering paper on boxicity and cubicity had shown that for a graph $G$, $box(G) \leq \left \lfloor\frac{n}{2} \right \rfloor$, where $n$ is the number of vertices of $G$, and this bound is tight. We show that if $G$ is a bipartite graph then $box(G) \leq \left \lceil\frac{n}{4} \right\rceil$ and this bound is tight. We point out that there exist graphs of very high boxicity but with very low chromatic number. For example there exist bipartite (i.e., 2 colorable) graphs with boxicity equal to $\frac{n}{4}$. Interestingly, if boxicity is very close to $\frac{n}{2}$, then chromatic number also has to be very high. In particular, we show that if $box(G) = \frac{n}{2} - s$, $s \geq 0$, then $\chi(G) \geq \frac{n}{2s+2}$, where $\chi(G)$ is the chromatic number of $G$.
math.CO
a kdimensional box is the cartesian product r_1 times r_2 times times r_k where each r_i is a closed interval on the real line the it boxicity of a graph g denoted as boxg is the minimum integer k such that g is the intersection graph of a collection of kdimensional boxes a unit cube in kdimensional space or a kcube is defined as the cartesian product r_1 times r_2 times times r_k where each r_i is a closed interval on the real line of the form a_i a_i1 the it cubicity of g denoted as cubg is the minimum k such that g is the intersection graph of a collection of kcubes in this paper we show that cubg leq t left lceil log n trightrceil 1 and boxg leq left lfloorfract2rightrfloor 1 where t is the cardinality of the minimum vertex cover of g and n is the number of vertices of g we also show the tightness of these upper bounds f s roberts in his pioneering paper on boxicity and cubicity had shown that for a graph g boxg leq left lfloorfracn2 right rfloor where n is the number of vertices of g and this bound is tight we show that if g is a bipartite graph then boxg leq left lceilfracn4 rightrceil and this bound is tight we point out that there exist graphs of very high boxicity but with very low chromatic number for example there exist bipartite ie 2 colorable graphs with boxicity equal to fracn4 interestingly if boxicity is very close to fracn2 then chromatic number also has to be very high in particular we show that if boxg fracn2 s s geq 0 then chig geq fracn2s2 where chig is the chromatic number of g
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712.2689
Corrections to the Saffman-Delbruck mobility for membrane bound proteins
Recent experiments by Y. Gambin et al. [PNAS 103, 2098 (2006)] have called into question the applicability of the Saffman-Delbruck diffusivity for proteins embedded in the lipid bilayers. We present a simple argument to account for this observation that should be generically valid for a large class of transmembrane and membrane bound proteins. Whenever the protein-lipid interactions locally deform the membrane, that deformation generates new hydrodynamic stresses on the protein-membrane complex leading to a suppression of its mobility. We show that this suppression depends on the protein size in a manner consistent with the work of Y. Gambin et al.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
recent experiments by y gambin et al pnas 103 2098 2006 have called into question the applicability of the saffmandelbruck diffusivity for proteins embedded in the lipid bilayers we present a simple argument to account for this observation that should be generically valid for a large class of transmembrane and membrane bound proteins whenever the proteinlipid interactions locally deform the membrane that deformation generates new hydrodynamic stresses on the proteinmembrane complex leading to a suppression of its mobility we show that this suppression depends on the protein size in a manner consistent with the work of y gambin et al
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712.269
Importance of neutrinoless double beta decay
A natural explanation for the smallness of the neutrino mass requires them to be Majorana particles violating lepton number by two units. Since lepton number violation can have several interesting consequences in particle physics and cosmology, it is of utmost importance to find out if there is lepton number violation in nature and what is its magnitude. The neutrinoless double beta decay experiment can answer these questions: if there is lepton number violation and if neutrinos are Majorana particles. In addition, the magnitude of neutrinoless double beta decay will constrain any other lepton number violating processes. This lepton number violation may also be relatd to the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe, dark matter and cosmological constant.
hep-ph
a natural explanation for the smallness of the neutrino mass requires them to be majorana particles violating lepton number by two units since lepton number violation can have several interesting consequences in particle physics and cosmology it is of utmost importance to find out if there is lepton number violation in nature and what is its magnitude the neutrinoless double beta decay experiment can answer these questions if there is lepton number violation and if neutrinos are majorana particles in addition the magnitude of neutrinoless double beta decay will constrain any other lepton number violating processes this lepton number violation may also be relatd to the matterantimatter asymmetry of the universe dark matter and cosmological constant
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712.2691
New Polarization Program at U70 (SPASCHARM Project)
The new polarization program SPASCHARM is being prepared in Protvino. The program has two stages. The first stage is dedicated to single-spin asymmetries in the production of miscellaneous light resonances with the use of 34 GeV $\pi^-$-beam. Inclusive and exclusive reactions will be studied simultaneously. The second stage is dedicated to single-spin and double-spin asymmetries in charmonium production with the use of 70 GeV polarized proton beam which will allow us to understand charmonium hadronic production mechanism and make gluon polarization $\Delta g(x)$ extraction at large $x$.
hep-ex
the new polarization program spascharm is being prepared in protvino the program has two stages the first stage is dedicated to singlespin asymmetries in the production of miscellaneous light resonances with the use of 34 gev pibeam inclusive and exclusive reactions will be studied simultaneously the second stage is dedicated to singlespin and doublespin asymmetries in charmonium production with the use of 70 gev polarized proton beam which will allow us to understand charmonium hadronic production mechanism and make gluon polarization delta gx extraction at large x
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712.2692
A populous intermediate-age open cluster and evidence of an embedded cluster among the FSR globular cluster candidates
We study the nature of the globular cluster (GC) candidates FSR 1603 and FSR 1755 selected from the catalogue of \citet{FSRcat}. Their properties are investigated with 2MASS field-star decontaminated photometry, which is used to build colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), and stellar radial density profiles (RDPs). FSR 1603 has the open cluster (OC) Ruprecht 101 as optical counterpart, and we show it to be a massive intermediate age cluster (IAC). Relevant parameters of FSR 1603 are the age $\approx1$ Gyr, distance from the Sun $\ds\approx2.7$ kpc, Galactocentric distance $\dgc\approx6.4$ kpc, core radius $\rc\approx1.1$ pc, mass function slope $\chi\approx1.8$, observed stellar mass (for stars with mass in the range $\rm 1.27 \ms\leq m\leq2.03 \ms$) $\mObs\approx500 \ms$, and a total (extrapolated to $\rm m=0.08 \ms$) stellar mass $\mTot\approx2300 \ms$. FSR 1755, on the other hand, is not a populous cluster. It may be a sparse young cluster embedded in the H II region Sh2-3, subject to an absorption $\aV\approx4.1$, located at $\ds\approx1.3$ kpc. Important field-star contamination, spatially-variable heavy dust obscuration, even in \ks, and gas emission characterise its field. A nearly vertical, sparse blue stellar sequence shows up in the CMDs.
astro-ph
we study the nature of the globular cluster gc candidates fsr 1603 and fsr 1755 selected from the catalogue of citetfsrcat their properties are investigated with 2mass fieldstar decontaminated photometry which is used to build colourmagnitude diagrams cmds and stellar radial density profiles rdps fsr 1603 has the open cluster oc ruprecht 101 as optical counterpart and we show it to be a massive intermediate age cluster iac relevant parameters of fsr 1603 are the age approx1 gyr distance from the sun dsapprox27 kpc galactocentric distance dgcapprox64 kpc core radius rcapprox11 pc mass function slope chiapprox18 observed stellar mass for stars with mass in the range rm 127 msleq mleq203 ms mobsapprox500 ms and a total extrapolated to rm m008 ms stellar mass mtotapprox2300 ms fsr 1755 on the other hand is not a populous cluster it may be a sparse young cluster embedded in the h ii region sh23 subject to an absorption avapprox41 located at dsapprox13 kpc important fieldstar contamination spatiallyvariable heavy dust obscuration even in ks and gas emission characterise its field a nearly vertical sparse blue stellar sequence shows up in the cmds
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712.2693
Universal Doublet-Singlet Higgs Couplings and phenomenology at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
We consider a minimal extension of the standard model where a real, gauge singlet scalar field is added to the standard spectrum. Introducing the Ansatz of universality of scalar couplings, we are led to a scenario which has a set of very distinctive and testable predictions: (i) the mixing between the standard model Higgs and the new state is near maximal, (ii) the ratio of the two Higgs mass eigenstates is fixed ($\sim \sqrt{3}$), (iii) the decay modes of each of the two eigenstates are standard model like. We also study how electroweak precision tests constrain this scenario. We predict the lighter Higgs to lie in the range of 114 and 145 GeV, and hence the heavier one between 198 and 250 GeV. The predictions of the model can be tested at the upcoming LHC.
hep-ph
we consider a minimal extension of the standard model where a real gauge singlet scalar field is added to the standard spectrum introducing the ansatz of universality of scalar couplings we are led to a scenario which has a set of very distinctive and testable predictions i the mixing between the standard model higgs and the new state is near maximal ii the ratio of the two higgs mass eigenstates is fixed sim sqrt3 iii the decay modes of each of the two eigenstates are standard model like we also study how electroweak precision tests constrain this scenario we predict the lighter higgs to lie in the range of 114 and 145 gev and hence the heavier one between 198 and 250 gev the predictions of the model can be tested at the upcoming lhc
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712.2694
Experimental simulation of fractional statistics of abelian anyons in the Kitaev lattice-spin model
In two-dimensions, the laws of physics even permit the existence of anyons which exhibit fractional statistics ranging continuously from bosonic to fermionic behaviour. They have been responsible for the fractional quantum Hall effect and proposed as candidates for naturally fault-tolerant quantum computation. Despite these remarkable properties, the fractional statistics of anyons has never been observed in nature directly. Here we report the demonstration of fractional statistics of anyons by simulation of the first Kitaev lattice-spin model on a nuclear magnetic resonance system. We encode four-body interactions of the lattice-spin model into two-body interactions of an Ising spin chain in molecules. It can thus efficiently prepare and operate the ground state and excitations of the model Hamiltonian. This quantum system with convenience of manipulation and detection of abelian anyons reveals anyonic statistical properties distinctly. Our experiment with interacted Hamiltonian could also prove useful in the long run to the control and application of anyons.
quant-ph
in twodimensions the laws of physics even permit the existence of anyons which exhibit fractional statistics ranging continuously from bosonic to fermionic behaviour they have been responsible for the fractional quantum hall effect and proposed as candidates for naturally faulttolerant quantum computation despite these remarkable properties the fractional statistics of anyons has never been observed in nature directly here we report the demonstration of fractional statistics of anyons by simulation of the first kitaev latticespin model on a nuclear magnetic resonance system we encode fourbody interactions of the latticespin model into twobody interactions of an ising spin chain in molecules it can thus efficiently prepare and operate the ground state and excitations of the model hamiltonian this quantum system with convenience of manipulation and detection of abelian anyons reveals anyonic statistical properties distinctly our experiment with interacted hamiltonian could also prove useful in the long run to the control and application of anyons
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712.2695
Q-systems as cluster algebras
Q-systems first appeared in the analysis of the Bethe equations for the XXX-model and generalized Heisenberg spin chains. Such systems are known to exist for any simple Lie algebra and many other Kac-Moody algebras. We formulate the Q-system associated with any simple, simply-laced Lie algebras g in the language of cluster algebras, and discuss the relation of the polynomiality property of the solutions of the $Q$-system in the initial variables, which follows from the representation-theoretical interpretation, to the Laurent phenomenon in cluster algebras.
math.RT math.QA
qsystems first appeared in the analysis of the bethe equations for the xxxmodel and generalized heisenberg spin chains such systems are known to exist for any simple lie algebra and many other kacmoody algebras we formulate the qsystem associated with any simple simplylaced lie algebras g in the language of cluster algebras and discuss the relation of the polynomiality property of the solutions of the qsystem in the initial variables which follows from the representationtheoretical interpretation to the laurent phenomenon in cluster algebras
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712.2696
The uniform primality conjecture for elliptic curves
An elliptic divisibility sequence, generated by a point in the image of a rational isogeny, is shown to possess a uniformly bounded number of prime terms. This result applies over the rational numbers, assuming Lang's conjecture, and over the rational function field, unconditionally. In the latter case, a uniform bound is obtained on the index of a prime term. Sharpened versions of these techniques are shown to lead to explicit results where all the irreducible terms can be computed.
math.NT
an elliptic divisibility sequence generated by a point in the image of a rational isogeny is shown to possess a uniformly bounded number of prime terms this result applies over the rational numbers assuming langs conjecture and over the rational function field unconditionally in the latter case a uniform bound is obtained on the index of a prime term sharpened versions of these techniques are shown to lead to explicit results where all the irreducible terms can be computed
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712.2697
Parametric Resonance and Cosmological Gravitational Waves
We investigate the production of gravitational waves due to quantum fluctuations of the vacuum during the transition from the inflationary to the radiation-dominated eras of the universe, assuming this transition to be dominated by the phenomenon of parametric resonance. The energy spectrum of the gravitational waves is calculated using the method of continuous Bogoliubov coefficients, which avoids the problem of overproduction of gravitons at large frequencies. We found, on the sole basis of the mechanism of quantum fluctuations, that the resonance field leaves no explicit and distinctive imprint on the gravitational-wave energy spectrum, apart an overall upward or downward translation. Therefore, the main features in the spectrum are due to the inflaton field, which leaves a characteristic imprint at frequencies of the order of MHz/GHz.
astro-ph
we investigate the production of gravitational waves due to quantum fluctuations of the vacuum during the transition from the inflationary to the radiationdominated eras of the universe assuming this transition to be dominated by the phenomenon of parametric resonance the energy spectrum of the gravitational waves is calculated using the method of continuous bogoliubov coefficients which avoids the problem of overproduction of gravitons at large frequencies we found on the sole basis of the mechanism of quantum fluctuations that the resonance field leaves no explicit and distinctive imprint on the gravitationalwave energy spectrum apart an overall upward or downward translation therefore the main features in the spectrum are due to the inflaton field which leaves a characteristic imprint at frequencies of the order of mhzghz
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712.2698
Mass modelling of Abell 2634: avoiding the interloper bias
Using an example of the Abell 2634 galaxy cluster we discuss the effect of contamination of kinematic data by interlopers and its impact on mass modelling. The cluster data reveal rich substructure along the line of sight. We demonstrate that it is necessary to apply a few independent methods of interloper removal in order to obtain a reliable sample of cluster members. We present results of three such methods which are commonly used in the literature and have been recently extensively tested on simulated data. Only two of them lead to consistent and reliable samples of cluster galaxies. For both of them we provide parameters of the best-fitting NFW density profile by fitting an isotropic solution of the Jeans equation to the velocity dispersion profiles.
astro-ph
using an example of the abell 2634 galaxy cluster we discuss the effect of contamination of kinematic data by interlopers and its impact on mass modelling the cluster data reveal rich substructure along the line of sight we demonstrate that it is necessary to apply a few independent methods of interloper removal in order to obtain a reliable sample of cluster members we present results of three such methods which are commonly used in the literature and have been recently extensively tested on simulated data only two of them lead to consistent and reliable samples of cluster galaxies for both of them we provide parameters of the bestfitting nfw density profile by fitting an isotropic solution of the jeans equation to the velocity dispersion profiles
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712.2699
Square root voting in the Council of the European Union: Rounding effects and the Jagiellonian Compromise
In recent years, enlargement of the European Union has brought with it renewed discussion of voting arrangements in the Council of the EU. During these negotiations, the Polish government proposed a voting scheme that gives each country a voting weight proportional to the square root of its population, and sets a quota according to an optimality condition ("Jagiellonian Compromise"). In this paper, the optimal quota is found exactly for the current population data from the 27 EU member states, and it is found that rounding of the voting weights can be used to improve the voting scheme.
math.GM
in recent years enlargement of the european union has brought with it renewed discussion of voting arrangements in the council of the eu during these negotiations the polish government proposed a voting scheme that gives each country a voting weight proportional to the square root of its population and sets a quota according to an optimality condition jagiellonian compromise in this paper the optimal quota is found exactly for the current population data from the 27 eu member states and it is found that rounding of the voting weights can be used to improve the voting scheme
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712.27
Two-nucleon problem in semi-relativistic baryon chiral perturbation theory
We consider a symmetry-preserving approach to the nucleon-nucleon scattering problem in the framework of the higher-derivative formulation of baryon chiral perturbation theory. Within this framework the leading-order amplitude is calculated by solving renormalizable equations and corrections are taken into account perturbatively.
nucl-th
we consider a symmetrypreserving approach to the nucleonnucleon scattering problem in the framework of the higherderivative formulation of baryon chiral perturbation theory within this framework the leadingorder amplitude is calculated by solving renormalizable equations and corrections are taken into account perturbatively
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712.2701
The shear-induced alpha-effect and long-term variations in solar dynamo
The consequences of the shear-induced alpha effect to the long-term modulation of magnetic activity are examined with the help of the axisymmetric numerical dynamo model that includes the self-consistent description of the angular momentum balance, heat transport and magnetic field generation in the spherical shell. We find that the shear contributions to alpha effect can complicate the long-term behaviour of the large-scale magnetic activity and differential rotation in nonlinear dynamo. Additionally we consider the impact secular magnetic activity variations to the secular modulations of the solar luminosity and radius.
astro-ph
the consequences of the shearinduced alpha effect to the longterm modulation of magnetic activity are examined with the help of the axisymmetric numerical dynamo model that includes the selfconsistent description of the angular momentum balance heat transport and magnetic field generation in the spherical shell we find that the shear contributions to alpha effect can complicate the longterm behaviour of the largescale magnetic activity and differential rotation in nonlinear dynamo additionally we consider the impact secular magnetic activity variations to the secular modulations of the solar luminosity and radius
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712.2702
Curvature of the phase transition line in the mu-T plane
We determined the curvature of the phase transition line in the mu-T plane using a Taylor expansion in mu. The Polyakov loop and the strange quark number susceptibility were measured to locate the pseudocritical line. The analysis was carried out on Nt=4,6,8,10 lattices generated with a Symanzik improved gauge and stout-link improved (2+1) flavour staggered fermion action using physical quark masses.
hep-lat
we determined the curvature of the phase transition line in the mut plane using a taylor expansion in mu the polyakov loop and the strange quark number susceptibility were measured to locate the pseudocritical line the analysis was carried out on nt46810 lattices generated with a symanzik improved gauge and stoutlink improved 21 flavour staggered fermion action using physical quark masses
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712.2703
Perturbations and Stability of Higher-Dimensional Black Holes
In this lecture, I explain the gauge-invariant formulation for perturbations of background spacetimes with untwisted homologous Einstein fibres, which include lots of practically important spacetimes such as static black holes, static black branes and rotating black holes in various dimensions. As applications, we discuss the stability of static black holes in higher dimensions and flat black branes.
hep-th gr-qc
in this lecture i explain the gaugeinvariant formulation for perturbations of background spacetimes with untwisted homologous einstein fibres which include lots of practically important spacetimes such as static black holes static black branes and rotating black holes in various dimensions as applications we discuss the stability of static black holes in higher dimensions and flat black branes
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712.2704
On Bargmann Representations of Wigner Function
By using the localized character of canonical coherent states, we give a straightforward derivation of the Bargmann integral representation of Wigner function (W). A non-integral representation is presented in terms of a quadratic form V*FV, where F is a self-adjoint matrix whose entries are tabulated functions and V is a vector depending in a simple recursive way on the derivatives of the Bargmann function. Such a representation may be of use in numerical computations. We discuss a relation involving the geometry of Wigner function and the spacial uncertainty of the coherent state basis we use to represent it.
quant-ph
by using the localized character of canonical coherent states we give a straightforward derivation of the bargmann integral representation of wigner function w a nonintegral representation is presented in terms of a quadratic form vfv where f is a selfadjoint matrix whose entries are tabulated functions and v is a vector depending in a simple recursive way on the derivatives of the bargmann function such a representation may be of use in numerical computations we discuss a relation involving the geometry of wigner function and the spacial uncertainty of the coherent state basis we use to represent it
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712.2705
Symmetry, shape, and order
Packing problems have been of great interest in many diverse contexts for many centuries. The optimal packing of identical objects has been often invoked to understand the nature of low temperature phases of matter. In celebrated work, Kepler conjectured that the densest packing of spheres is realized by stacking variants of the face-centered cubic lattice and has a packing fraction of $\pi/(3\sqrt{2}) \sim 0.7405$. Much more recently, an unusually high density packing of approximately 0.770732 was achieved for congruent ellipsoids. Such studies are relevant for understanding the structure of crystals, glasses, the storage and jamming of granular materials, ceramics, and the assembly of viral capsid structures. Here we carry out analytical studies of the stacking of close-packed planar layers of systems made up of truncated cones possessing uniaxial symmetry. We present examples of high density packing whose order is characterized by a {\em broken symmetry} arising from the shape of the constituent objects. We find a biaxial arrangement of solid cones with a packing fraction of $\pi/4$. For truncated cones, there are two distinct regimes, characterized by different packing arrangements, depending on the ratio $c$ of the base radii of the truncated cones with a transition at $c^*=\sqrt{2}-1$.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.soft
packing problems have been of great interest in many diverse contexts for many centuries the optimal packing of identical objects has been often invoked to understand the nature of low temperature phases of matter in celebrated work kepler conjectured that the densest packing of spheres is realized by stacking variants of the facecentered cubic lattice and has a packing fraction of pi3sqrt2 sim 07405 much more recently an unusually high density packing of approximately 0770732 was achieved for congruent ellipsoids such studies are relevant for understanding the structure of crystals glasses the storage and jamming of granular materials ceramics and the assembly of viral capsid structures here we carry out analytical studies of the stacking of closepacked planar layers of systems made up of truncated cones possessing uniaxial symmetry we present examples of high density packing whose order is characterized by a em broken symmetry arising from the shape of the constituent objects we find a biaxial arrangement of solid cones with a packing fraction of pi4 for truncated cones there are two distinct regimes characterized by different packing arrangements depending on the ratio c of the base radii of the truncated cones with a transition at csqrt21
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712.2706
A class of exactly solvable Schroedinger equation with moving boundary conditions
Using first and second order supersymmetry formalism we obtain a class of exactly solvable potentials subject to moving boundary conditions.
math-ph math.MP
using first and second order supersymmetry formalism we obtain a class of exactly solvable potentials subject to moving boundary conditions
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712.2707
Gauge-invariant truncation scheme for the Schwinger-Dyson equations of QCD
We present a new truncation scheme for the Schwinger-Dyson equations of QCD that respects gauge invariance at any level of the dressed loop expansion. When applied to the gluon self-energy, it allows for its non-perturbative treatment without compromising the transversality of the solution, even when entire sets of diagrams (most notably the ghost loops) are omitted, or treated perturbatively.
hep-ph
we present a new truncation scheme for the schwingerdyson equations of qcd that respects gauge invariance at any level of the dressed loop expansion when applied to the gluon selfenergy it allows for its nonperturbative treatment without compromising the transversality of the solution even when entire sets of diagrams most notably the ghost loops are omitted or treated perturbatively
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712.2708
The Banff Challenge: Statistical Detection of a Noisy Signal
Particle physics experiments such as those run in the Large Hadron Collider result in huge quantities of data, which are boiled down to a few numbers from which it is hoped that a signal will be detected. We discuss a simple probability model for this and derive frequentist and noninformative Bayesian procedures for inference about the signal. Both are highly accurate in realistic cases, with the frequentist procedure having the edge for interval estimation, and the Bayesian procedure yielding slightly better point estimates. We also argue that the significance, or $p$-value, function based on the modified likelihood root provides a comprehensive presentation of the information in the data and should be used for inference.
stat.AP stat.ME
particle physics experiments such as those run in the large hadron collider result in huge quantities of data which are boiled down to a few numbers from which it is hoped that a signal will be detected we discuss a simple probability model for this and derive frequentist and noninformative bayesian procedures for inference about the signal both are highly accurate in realistic cases with the frequentist procedure having the edge for interval estimation and the bayesian procedure yielding slightly better point estimates we also argue that the significance or pvalue function based on the modified likelihood root provides a comprehensive presentation of the information in the data and should be used for inference
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712.2709
sp(4,R)-systematics of atomic nuclei. F-multiplets and nuclear structure
A systematics of the atomic nuclei in the frame of the nucleon number $A = Z + N$ and the proton-neutron difference $F = Z - N$ is considered. The classification scheme is provided by means of the non-compact algebra $sp(4,R)$. In this scheme the nuclei are ordered into isobaric multiplets, for which $A={fix}$, as well as in F-multiplets, for which $F={fix}$. The dependence of the mass excess $\Delta$, the first exited states $E_{2^+}$ and the ratio $R_2=E_{4^+}/E_{2^+}$ on the nucleon number $A$ is empirically investigated within the $F$-multiplets. Appropriate filters are used to study the properties of the mass excess. Many structural effects are observed. The mirror symmetry is clearly indicated for the energy levels of the nuclei with the same value of $A$ and opposite $F$-values.
nucl-th
a systematics of the atomic nuclei in the frame of the nucleon number a z n and the protonneutron difference f z n is considered the classification scheme is provided by means of the noncompact algebra sp4r in this scheme the nuclei are ordered into isobaric multiplets for which afix as well as in fmultiplets for which ffix the dependence of the mass excess delta the first exited states e_2 and the ratio r_2e_4e_2 on the nucleon number a is empirically investigated within the fmultiplets appropriate filters are used to study the properties of the mass excess many structural effects are observed the mirror symmetry is clearly indicated for the energy levels of the nuclei with the same value of a and opposite fvalues
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712.271
Nucleon spin structure and QCD spin physics
Our knowledge of the nucleon spin structure has greatly improved over the last twenty years or so, but still many fundamental questions remain unsolved. I will try to review some of the puzzling aspects of the structure of the nucleon spin, in particular, what is known, what remains to be discovered and the prospects for the near future. I will also focus on some current activities in QCD spin physics.
hep-ph
our knowledge of the nucleon spin structure has greatly improved over the last twenty years or so but still many fundamental questions remain unsolved i will try to review some of the puzzling aspects of the structure of the nucleon spin in particular what is known what remains to be discovered and the prospects for the near future i will also focus on some current activities in qcd spin physics
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712.2711
Testbed for Wireless Vehicle Communication: a Simulation Approach based on Three-Phase Traffic Theory
A testbed for wireless vehicle communication based on a microscopic model in the framework of three-phase traffic theory is presented. In this testbed, vehicle motion in traffic flow and analyses of a vehicle communication channel access based on IEEE 802.11e mechanisms, radio propagation modeling, message reception characteristics as well as all other effects associated with ad-hoc networks are integrated into a three-phase traffic flow model. Based on simulations of this testbed, some statistical features of ad-hoc vehicle networks as well as the effect of C2C communication on increase in the efficiency and safety of traffic are studied.
physics.soc-ph
a testbed for wireless vehicle communication based on a microscopic model in the framework of threephase traffic theory is presented in this testbed vehicle motion in traffic flow and analyses of a vehicle communication channel access based on ieee 80211e mechanisms radio propagation modeling message reception characteristics as well as all other effects associated with adhoc networks are integrated into a threephase traffic flow model based on simulations of this testbed some statistical features of adhoc vehicle networks as well as the effect of c2c communication on increase in the efficiency and safety of traffic are studied
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712.2712
Chaos Synchronization with Dynamic Filters: Two Way is Better Than One Way
Two chaotic systems which interact by mutually exchanging a signal built from their delayed internal variables, can synchronize. A third unit may be able to record and to manipulate the exchanged signal. Can the third unit synchronize to the common chaotic trajectory, as well? If all parameters of the system are public, a proof is given that the recording system can synchronize as well. However, if the two interacting systems use private commutative filters to generate the exchanged signal, a driven system cannot synchronize. It is shown that with dynamic private filters the chaotic trajectory even cannot be calculated. Hence two way (interaction) is more than one way (drive). The implication of this general result to secret communication with chaos synchronization is discussed.
nlin.CD
two chaotic systems which interact by mutually exchanging a signal built from their delayed internal variables can synchronize a third unit may be able to record and to manipulate the exchanged signal can the third unit synchronize to the common chaotic trajectory as well if all parameters of the system are public a proof is given that the recording system can synchronize as well however if the two interacting systems use private commutative filters to generate the exchanged signal a driven system cannot synchronize it is shown that with dynamic private filters the chaotic trajectory even cannot be calculated hence two way interaction is more than one way drive the implication of this general result to secret communication with chaos synchronization is discussed
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712.2713
Direct resolution of unoccupied states in solids via two photon photoemission
Non-linear effects in photoemission are shown to open a new access to the band structure of unoccupied states in solids, totally different from hitherto used photoemission spectroscopy. Despite its second-order nature, strong resonant transitions occur, obeying exact selection rules of energy, crystal symmetry, and momentum. Ab-initio calculations are used to demonstrate that such structures are present in low-energy laser spectroscopy experimental measurements on Si previously published. Similar resonances are expected in ultraviolet angle-resolved photoemission spectra, as shown in a model calculation on Al.
cond-mat.other
nonlinear effects in photoemission are shown to open a new access to the band structure of unoccupied states in solids totally different from hitherto used photoemission spectroscopy despite its secondorder nature strong resonant transitions occur obeying exact selection rules of energy crystal symmetry and momentum abinitio calculations are used to demonstrate that such structures are present in lowenergy laser spectroscopy experimental measurements on si previously published similar resonances are expected in ultraviolet angleresolved photoemission spectra as shown in a model calculation on al
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712.2714
Supergravitons from one loop perturbative N=4 SYM
We determine the partition function of 1/16 BPS operators in N=4 SYM at weak coupling at the one-loop level in the planar limit. This partition function is significantly different from the one computed at zero coupling. We find that it coincides precisely with the partition function of a gas of 1/16 BPS `supergravitons' in AdS_5xS^5.
hep-th
we determine the partition function of 116 bps operators in n4 sym at weak coupling at the oneloop level in the planar limit this partition function is significantly different from the one computed at zero coupling we find that it coincides precisely with the partition function of a gas of 116 bps supergravitons in ads_5xs5
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712.2715
A2163: Merger events in the hottest Abell galaxy cluster I. Dynamical analysis from optical data
We present a detailed optical analysis of the galaxy cluster A2163 based on new multicolor wide field imaging and medium-to-high resolution (R~2000) spectroscopy. While X-ray observations have revealed that merging processes are present in this cluster, the merging scenario is complex and not well-defined. We undertook a complementary optical analysis, aiming to understand the dynamics of the system, to add constraints to the merging scenario and to test its effect on the properties of galaxies. We provide a spectroscopic catalog of 512 new objects, where 361 galaxies are identified as cluster members. We derived estimates of the mean redshift and velocity dispersion: z= 0.2005 +/- 0.0003 and 1434 +/- 60 km/s, and performed a detailed dynamical analysis of unprecedented accuracy. We detected multiple evidences of merging events: i) strong subclustering in the galaxy density distribution, showing a main central component A2163-A, a northern one A2163-B, visible both in optical and in X-ray, and other substructures detected in optical, ii) bimodality in the density distribution for A2163-A, strong segregation between gaz and galaxies, and between galaxies of different luminosities, iii) low-density structures oriented along specific axes: mainly the EW direction, and the NS one, embedding the main substructures, iv) bimodality in the velocity distribution and a velocity gradient (~1250 km/s) along the NE/SW axis of the cluster. A2163 is exceptionally massive, with Mvir = 3.8 +/- 0.4 10**15 Msol/h70. Our analysis supports a scenario in which A2163-A has undergone a recent (t ~ 0.5 Gyr) merger along a a NE/SW (or E--W) axis, and A2163-B is connected to the main complex, probably infalling on A2163-A. (abridged)
astro-ph
we present a detailed optical analysis of the galaxy cluster a2163 based on new multicolor wide field imaging and mediumtohigh resolution r2000 spectroscopy while xray observations have revealed that merging processes are present in this cluster the merging scenario is complex and not welldefined we undertook a complementary optical analysis aiming to understand the dynamics of the system to add constraints to the merging scenario and to test its effect on the properties of galaxies we provide a spectroscopic catalog of 512 new objects where 361 galaxies are identified as cluster members we derived estimates of the mean redshift and velocity dispersion z 02005 00003 and 1434 60 kms and performed a detailed dynamical analysis of unprecedented accuracy we detected multiple evidences of merging events i strong subclustering in the galaxy density distribution showing a main central component a2163a a northern one a2163b visible both in optical and in xray and other substructures detected in optical ii bimodality in the density distribution for a2163a strong segregation between gaz and galaxies and between galaxies of different luminosities iii lowdensity structures oriented along specific axes mainly the ew direction and the ns one embedding the main substructures iv bimodality in the velocity distribution and a velocity gradient 1250 kms along the nesw axis of the cluster a2163 is exceptionally massive with mvir 38 04 1015 msolh70 our analysis supports a scenario in which a2163a has undergone a recent t 05 gyr merger along a a nesw or ew axis and a2163b is connected to the main complex probably infalling on a2163a abridged
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712.2716
Community Structure in Graphs
Graph vertices are often organized into groups that seem to live fairly independently of the rest of the graph, with which they share but a few edges, whereas the relationships between group members are stronger, as shown by the large number of mutual connections. Such groups of vertices, or communities, can be considered as independent compartments of a graph. Detecting communities is of great importance in sociology, biology and computer science, disciplines where systems are often represented as graphs. The task is very hard, though, both conceptually, due to the ambiguity in the definition of community and in the discrimination of different partitions and practically, because algorithms must find ``good'' partitions among an exponentially large number of them. Other complications are represented by the possible occurrence of hierarchies, i.e. communities which are nested inside larger communities, and by the existence of overlaps between communities, due to the presence of nodes belonging to more groups. All these aspects are dealt with in some detail and many methods are described, from traditional approaches used in computer science and sociology to recent techniques developed mostly within statistical physics.
physics.soc-ph cond-mat.stat-mech physics.comp-ph
graph vertices are often organized into groups that seem to live fairly independently of the rest of the graph with which they share but a few edges whereas the relationships between group members are stronger as shown by the large number of mutual connections such groups of vertices or communities can be considered as independent compartments of a graph detecting communities is of great importance in sociology biology and computer science disciplines where systems are often represented as graphs the task is very hard though both conceptually due to the ambiguity in the definition of community and in the discrimination of different partitions and practically because algorithms must find good partitions among an exponentially large number of them other complications are represented by the possible occurrence of hierarchies ie communities which are nested inside larger communities and by the existence of overlaps between communities due to the presence of nodes belonging to more groups all these aspects are dealt with in some detail and many methods are described from traditional approaches used in computer science and sociology to recent techniques developed mostly within statistical physics
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712.2717
Coset Space Dimensional Reduction of Einstein--Yang--Mills theory
In the present contribution we extend our previous work by considering the coset space dimensional reduction of higher-dimensional Einstein--Yang--Mills theories including scalar fluctuations as well as Kaluza--Klein excitations of the compactification metric and we describe the gravity-modified rules for the reduction of non-abelian gauge theories.
hep-th
in the present contribution we extend our previous work by considering the coset space dimensional reduction of higherdimensional einsteinyangmills theories including scalar fluctuations as well as kaluzaklein excitations of the compactification metric and we describe the gravitymodified rules for the reduction of nonabelian gauge theories
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712.2718
A hybrid method for determining particle masses at the Large Hadron Collider with fully identified cascade decays
A new technique for improving the precision of measurements of SUSY particle masses at the LHC is introduced. The technique involves kinematic fitting of events with two fully identified decay chains. We incorporate both event ETmiss constraints and independent constraints provided by kinematic end-points in experiment invariant mass distributions of SUSY decay products. Incorporation of the event specific information maximises the information used in the fit and is shown to reduce the mass measurement uncertainites by ~30% compared to conventional fitting of experiment end-point constraints for the SPS1a benchmark model.
hep-ph
a new technique for improving the precision of measurements of susy particle masses at the lhc is introduced the technique involves kinematic fitting of events with two fully identified decay chains we incorporate both event etmiss constraints and independent constraints provided by kinematic endpoints in experiment invariant mass distributions of susy decay products incorporation of the event specific information maximises the information used in the fit and is shown to reduce the mass measurement uncertainites by 30 compared to conventional fitting of experiment endpoint constraints for the sps1a benchmark model
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712.2719
Horizons and Tunneling in the Euclidean False Vacuum
In the thin-wall approximation, the decay of a gravitating false vacuum to a lower-energy state is affected by the cosmological horizon structure in both spaces. The nucleation radius of a bubble of true vacuum depends on the surface tension of its boundary and equals the false vacuum cosmological horizon at a critical tension. We argue that there is no tunneling instanton solution beyond the critical tension and argue that there is therefore a bound on allowed membrane tension in theories which rely on semiclassical tunneling to relax the cosmological constant.
hep-th
in the thinwall approximation the decay of a gravitating false vacuum to a lowerenergy state is affected by the cosmological horizon structure in both spaces the nucleation radius of a bubble of true vacuum depends on the surface tension of its boundary and equals the false vacuum cosmological horizon at a critical tension we argue that there is no tunneling instanton solution beyond the critical tension and argue that there is therefore a bound on allowed membrane tension in theories which rely on semiclassical tunneling to relax the cosmological constant
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712.272
X-ray source populations in the Magellanic Clouds
Early X-ray surveys of the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) were performed with the imaging instruments of the Einstein, ASCA and ROSAT satellites revealing discrete X-ray sources and large-scale diffuse emission. Large samples of supernova remnants, high and low mass X-ray binaries and super-soft X-ray sources could be studied in detail. Today, the major X-ray observatories XMM-Newton and Chandra with their advanced angular and spectral resolution and extended energy coverage are ideally suited for detailed population studies of the X-ray sources in these galaxies and to draw conclusions on our own Galaxy. We summarize our knowledge about the X-ray source populations in the MCs from past missions and present first results from systematic studies of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using the growing number of archival XMM-Newton observations.
astro-ph
early xray surveys of the magellanic clouds mcs were performed with the imaging instruments of the einstein asca and rosat satellites revealing discrete xray sources and largescale diffuse emission large samples of supernova remnants high and low mass xray binaries and supersoft xray sources could be studied in detail today the major xray observatories xmmnewton and chandra with their advanced angular and spectral resolution and extended energy coverage are ideally suited for detailed population studies of the xray sources in these galaxies and to draw conclusions on our own galaxy we summarize our knowledge about the xray source populations in the mcs from past missions and present first results from systematic studies of the small magellanic cloud smc using the growing number of archival xmmnewton observations
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712.2721
On effaceability of certain $\delta$-functors
We prove a conjecture of the first author for $GL_2(F)$, where $F$ is a finite extension of $Q_p$.
math.RT math.NT
we prove a conjecture of the first author for gl_2f where f is a finite extension of q_p
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712.2722
Spin tunneling in junctions with disordered ferromagnets
We provide compelling evidence to establish that, contrary to one's elementary guess, the tunneling spin polarization (TSP) of amorphous CoFeB is larger than that of highly textured fcc CoFeB. First principles atomic and electronic structure calculations reveal striking agreement between the measured TSP and the predicted s-electron spin polarization. Given the disordered structure of the ternary alloy, not only do these results strongly endorse our communal understanding of tunneling through AlOx, but they also portray the key concepts that demand primary consideration in such complex systems.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we provide compelling evidence to establish that contrary to ones elementary guess the tunneling spin polarization tsp of amorphous cofeb is larger than that of highly textured fcc cofeb first principles atomic and electronic structure calculations reveal striking agreement between the measured tsp and the predicted selectron spin polarization given the disordered structure of the ternary alloy not only do these results strongly endorse our communal understanding of tunneling through alox but they also portray the key concepts that demand primary consideration in such complex systems
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712.2723
Study Of The Fundamental Physical Principles in Atmospheric Modeling Based On Identification Of Atmosphere - Climate Control Factors: Bromine Explosion At The Polar Arctic Sunrise
We attempt is to provide accumulated evidence and qualitative understanding of the associated atmospheric phenomena of the Arctic bromine explosion and their role in the functioning of the biotic Earth. We rationalize the empirical expression of the bromine influx into atmospheric boundary layer and calculate total amounts of the tropospheric BrO and Bry of the Arctic origin. Based on the quantities and partitioning of the reactive bromine species, we estimate the biogeochemical parametric constraint on the surface ozone field of the springtime NH. The constraint expresses strong relationship between atmosphere-climate control factors of the Earth's life and of external energy source. Physical atmosphere can be seen as a complex network of maximum complexity. Henceforth, we analyze the network context of the Arctic bromine pollution. We suggest that demonstrated attitudinal approach to the distributed surface flux would be successfully used in the innovative atmospheric modeling. The analysis is illustrated by GEM model results which stay in a good agreement with the observational data and support the original idea of the global NH effect of bromine chemistry.
physics.gen-ph
we attempt is to provide accumulated evidence and qualitative understanding of the associated atmospheric phenomena of the arctic bromine explosion and their role in the functioning of the biotic earth we rationalize the empirical expression of the bromine influx into atmospheric boundary layer and calculate total amounts of the tropospheric bro and bry of the arctic origin based on the quantities and partitioning of the reactive bromine species we estimate the biogeochemical parametric constraint on the surface ozone field of the springtime nh the constraint expresses strong relationship between atmosphereclimate control factors of the earths life and of external energy source physical atmosphere can be seen as a complex network of maximum complexity henceforth we analyze the network context of the arctic bromine pollution we suggest that demonstrated attitudinal approach to the distributed surface flux would be successfully used in the innovative atmospheric modeling the analysis is illustrated by gem model results which stay in a good agreement with the observational data and support the original idea of the global nh effect of bromine chemistry
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712.2724
SDSSJ124155.33+114003.7 -- a Missing Link Between Compact Elliptical and Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies
We report the discovery of a compact object (R_e = 32 pc, M_B = -12.34 mag) at a projected distance of 9 kpc from Messier 59, a giant elliptical in the Virgo cluster. Using HST imaging and SDSS spectroscopy, both available in the Virtual Observatory, we find that this object has a blue core containing one-quarter of the light, and a redder n=1 Sersic envelope, as well as luminosity-weighted age of 9.3 +/- 1.4 Gyr, a metallicity of -0.03 +/- 0.04 dex and a velocity dispersion of 48 +/- 5 km/s. While ultra-compact dwarfs (UCDs) in the face-on view of the Fundamental Plane are found to form a sequence connecting the highest-luminosity globular clusters with the lowest-luminosity dwarf ellipticals, the compact object near M59 lies in between this UCD sequence and the positions of compact ellipticals. Its stellar age, metallicity, and effective surface brightness are similar to low-luminosity ellipticals and lenticulars, suggesting that SDSSJ124155.33+114003.7 is a result of the tidal stripping of such an object.
astro-ph
we report the discovery of a compact object r_e 32 pc m_b 1234 mag at a projected distance of 9 kpc from messier 59 a giant elliptical in the virgo cluster using hst imaging and sdss spectroscopy both available in the virtual observatory we find that this object has a blue core containing onequarter of the light and a redder n1 sersic envelope as well as luminosityweighted age of 93 14 gyr a metallicity of 003 004 dex and a velocity dispersion of 48 5 kms while ultracompact dwarfs ucds in the faceon view of the fundamental plane are found to form a sequence connecting the highestluminosity globular clusters with the lowestluminosity dwarf ellipticals the compact object near m59 lies in between this ucd sequence and the positions of compact ellipticals its stellar age metallicity and effective surface brightness are similar to lowluminosity ellipticals and lenticulars suggesting that sdssj124155331140037 is a result of the tidal stripping of such an object
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712.2725
Lorentz covariant statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of the relativistic ideal gas and preferred frame
The Lorentz covariant classical and quantum statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of an ideal relativistic gas of bradyons (particles slower than light), luxons (particles moving with the speed of light) and tachyons (hypothetical particles faster than light) is discussed. The Lorentz covariant formulation is based on the preferred frame approach which among others enables consistent, free of paradoxes description of tachyons. The thermodynamic functions within the covariant approach are obtained both in classical and quantum case.
hep-th astro-ph cond-mat.stat-mech
the lorentz covariant classical and quantum statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of an ideal relativistic gas of bradyons particles slower than light luxons particles moving with the speed of light and tachyons hypothetical particles faster than light is discussed the lorentz covariant formulation is based on the preferred frame approach which among others enables consistent free of paradoxes description of tachyons the thermodynamic functions within the covariant approach are obtained both in classical and quantum case
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712.2726
Some unbounded functions of intermittent maps for which the central limit theorem holds
We compute some dependence coefficients for the stationary Markov chain whose transition kernel is the Perron-Frobenius operator of an expanding map $T$ of $[0, 1]$ with a neutral fixed point. We use these coefficients to prove a central limit theorem for the partial sums of $f\circ T^i$, when $f$ belongs to a large class of unbounded functions from $[0, 1]$ to ${\mathbb R}$. We also prove other limit theorems and moment inequalities.
math.PR math.DS
we compute some dependence coefficients for the stationary markov chain whose transition kernel is the perronfrobenius operator of an expanding map t of 0 1 with a neutral fixed point we use these coefficients to prove a central limit theorem for the partial sums of fcirc ti when f belongs to a large class of unbounded functions from 0 1 to mathbb r we also prove other limit theorems and moment inequalities
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712.2727
Oxygen molecular plasma at ambient temperature and elevated or high pressure
Usually microscopic electrostatic field around ions is neglected when the ionization energy is concerned. The ionization energy is considered to be equal to that of a separate atom (molecule). Here the energy of the electrostatic field around ions is taken into account. It is shown that the energy of this field contributes to decrease in the effective ionization energy. The effective ionization energy may turn to zero at some critical concentration of delocalized electrons. This leads to a complete ionization of the atoms (molecules). Concrete calculations were performed for oxygen molecular gas.
physics.plasm-ph physics.chem-ph
usually microscopic electrostatic field around ions is neglected when the ionization energy is concerned the ionization energy is considered to be equal to that of a separate atom molecule here the energy of the electrostatic field around ions is taken into account it is shown that the energy of this field contributes to decrease in the effective ionization energy the effective ionization energy may turn to zero at some critical concentration of delocalized electrons this leads to a complete ionization of the atoms molecules concrete calculations were performed for oxygen molecular gas
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712.2728
Relativistic ideal Fermi gas at zero temperature and preferred frame
We discuss the limit T->0 of the relativistic ideal Fermi gas of luxons (particles moving with the speed of light) and tachyons (hypothetical particles faster than light) based on observations of our recent paper: K. Kowalski, J. Rembielinski and K.A. Smolinski, Phys. Rev. D, 76, 045018 (2007). For bradyons this limit is in fact the nonrelativistic one and therefore it is not studied herein.
hep-th astro-ph cond-mat.stat-mech
we discuss the limit t0 of the relativistic ideal fermi gas of luxons particles moving with the speed of light and tachyons hypothetical particles faster than light based on observations of our recent paper k kowalski j rembielinski and ka smolinski phys rev d 76 045018 2007 for bradyons this limit is in fact the nonrelativistic one and therefore it is not studied herein
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712.2729
Galaxy peculiar velocities and evolution-bias
Galaxy bias can be split into two components: a formation-bias based on the locations of galaxy creation, and an evolution-bias that details their subsequent evolution. In this letter we consider evolution-bias in the peaks model. In this model, galaxy formation takes place at local maxima in the density field, and we analyse the subsequent peculiar motion of these galaxies in a linear model of structure formation. The peak restriction yields differences in the velocity distribution and correlation between the galaxy and the dark matter fields, which causes the evolution-bias component of the total bias to evolve in a scale-dependent way. This mechanism naturally gives rise to a change in shape between galaxy and matter correlation functions that depends on the mean age of the galaxy population. This model predicts that older galaxies would be more strongly biased on large scales compared to younger galaxies. Our arguments are supported by a Monte-Carlo simulation of galaxy pairs propagated using the Zel'dovich-approximation for describing linear peculiar galaxy motion.
astro-ph
galaxy bias can be split into two components a formationbias based on the locations of galaxy creation and an evolutionbias that details their subsequent evolution in this letter we consider evolutionbias in the peaks model in this model galaxy formation takes place at local maxima in the density field and we analyse the subsequent peculiar motion of these galaxies in a linear model of structure formation the peak restriction yields differences in the velocity distribution and correlation between the galaxy and the dark matter fields which causes the evolutionbias component of the total bias to evolve in a scaledependent way this mechanism naturally gives rise to a change in shape between galaxy and matter correlation functions that depends on the mean age of the galaxy population this model predicts that older galaxies would be more strongly biased on large scales compared to younger galaxies our arguments are supported by a montecarlo simulation of galaxy pairs propagated using the zeldovichapproximation for describing linear peculiar galaxy motion
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712.273
Topological Order, Dimerization, and Spinon Deconfinement in Frustrated Spin Ladders
We consider topological order and dimer order in several frustrated spin ladder models, which are related to higher dimensional models of current interest; we also address the occurrence of fractionalized phases with deconfined spinon excitations in these models. Combining results obtained with both analytic and numerical methods, we discuss how the occurrence of dimerized or fractionalized phases are dictated by the system's geometry.
cond-mat.str-el
we consider topological order and dimer order in several frustrated spin ladder models which are related to higher dimensional models of current interest we also address the occurrence of fractionalized phases with deconfined spinon excitations in these models combining results obtained with both analytic and numerical methods we discuss how the occurrence of dimerized or fractionalized phases are dictated by the systems geometry
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712.2731
Subdiffusive behavior generated by irrational rotations
The origin of deterministic diffusion is a matter of discussion. We study the asymptotic distributions of the sums $y_n(x)=\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\psi (x+k\alpha)$, where $\psi$ is a periodic function of bounded variation and $\alpha$ an irrational number. It is known that no diffusion process will be observed. Nevertheless, we find a picewise constant function $\psi$ and an increasing sequence of integer $(n_j)_j$ such that the limit distribution of the sequence $(y_{n_j}/\sqrt j)_j$ is Gaussian (with stricly positive variance). If $\alpha$ is of constant type, we show that the sequence $(n_j)_j$ may be taken to grow exponentially (this is close to optimal in some sense, and one has $||y_{n_j}||_{\mathrm L^2}\sim \max_{0\le k\le n_j}||y_k||_{\mathrm L^2}$ as $j\to\infty$). We give an heuristic link with the theory of expanding maps of the interval.
math-ph math.MP
the origin of deterministic diffusion is a matter of discussion we study the asymptotic distributions of the sums y_nxsum_k0n1psi xkalpha where psi is a periodic function of bounded variation and alpha an irrational number it is known that no diffusion process will be observed nevertheless we find a picewise constant function psi and an increasing sequence of integer n_j_j such that the limit distribution of the sequence y_n_jsqrt j_j is gaussian with stricly positive variance if alpha is of constant type we show that the sequence n_j_j may be taken to grow exponentially this is close to optimal in some sense and one has y_n_j_mathrm l2sim max_0le kle n_jy_k_mathrm l2 as jtoinfty we give an heuristic link with the theory of expanding maps of the interval
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712.2732
Longitudinal Ion Acceleration from High-Intensity Laser Interactions with Underdense Plasma
Longitudinal ion acceleration from high-intensity (I ~ 10^20 Wcm^-2) laser interactions with helium gas jet targets (n_e ~ 0.04 n_c) have been observed. The ion beam has a maximum energy for He^2+ of approximately 40 MeV and was directional along the laser propagation path, with the highest energy ions being collimated to a cone of less than 10 degrees. 2D particle-in-cell simulations have been used to investigate the acceleration mechanism. The time varying magnetic field associated with the fast electron current provides a contribution to the accelerating electric field as well as providing a collimating field for the ions. A strong correlation between the plasma density and the ion acceleration was found. A short plasma scale-length at the vacuum interface was observed to be beneficial for the maximum ion energies, but the collimation appears to be improved with longer scale-lengths due to enhanced magnetic fields in the ramp acceleration region.
physics.plasm-ph
longitudinal ion acceleration from highintensity i 1020 wcm2 laser interactions with helium gas jet targets n_e 004 n_c have been observed the ion beam has a maximum energy for he2 of approximately 40 mev and was directional along the laser propagation path with the highest energy ions being collimated to a cone of less than 10 degrees 2d particleincell simulations have been used to investigate the acceleration mechanism the time varying magnetic field associated with the fast electron current provides a contribution to the accelerating electric field as well as providing a collimating field for the ions a strong correlation between the plasma density and the ion acceleration was found a short plasma scalelength at the vacuum interface was observed to be beneficial for the maximum ion energies but the collimation appears to be improved with longer scalelengths due to enhanced magnetic fields in the ramp acceleration region
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712.2733
Review of Top Quark Physics Results
As the heaviest known fundamental particle, the top quark has taken a central role in the study of fundamental interactions. Production of top quarks in pairs provides an important probe of strong interactions. The top quark mass is a key fundamental parameter which places a valuable constraint on the Higgs boson mass and electroweak symmetry breaking. Observations of the relative rates and kinematics of top quark final states constrain potential new physics. In many cases, the tests available with study of the top quark are both critical and unique. Large increases in data samples from the Fermilab Tevatron have been coupled with major improvements in experimental techniques to produce many new precision measurements of the top quark. The first direct evidence for electroweak production of top quarks has been obtained, with a resulting direct determination of $V_{tb}$. Several of the properties of the top quark have been measured. Progress has also been made in obtaining improved limits on potential anomalous production and decay mechanisms. This review presents an overview of recent theoretical and experimental developments in this field. We also provide a brief discussion of the implications for further efforts.
hep-ex
as the heaviest known fundamental particle the top quark has taken a central role in the study of fundamental interactions production of top quarks in pairs provides an important probe of strong interactions the top quark mass is a key fundamental parameter which places a valuable constraint on the higgs boson mass and electroweak symmetry breaking observations of the relative rates and kinematics of top quark final states constrain potential new physics in many cases the tests available with study of the top quark are both critical and unique large increases in data samples from the fermilab tevatron have been coupled with major improvements in experimental techniques to produce many new precision measurements of the top quark the first direct evidence for electroweak production of top quarks has been obtained with a resulting direct determination of v_tb several of the properties of the top quark have been measured progress has also been made in obtaining improved limits on potential anomalous production and decay mechanisms this review presents an overview of recent theoretical and experimental developments in this field we also provide a brief discussion of the implications for further efforts
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712.2734
MHD models and synthetic synchrotron maps for the jet of M87
We present a self-consistent MHD model for the jet of M87. The model consist of two distinct zones: an inner relativistic outflow, which we identify with the observed jet, and an outer cold disk-wind. While the former does not self-collimate efficiently due to its high effective inertia, the latter fulfills all the conditions for efficient collimation by the magneto-centrifugal mechanism. Given the right balance between the effective inertia of the inner flow and the collimation efficiency of the outer disk wind, the relativistic flow is magnetically confined into a well collimated beam for a wide range of parameters and matches the measurements of the opening angle of M87 over several orders of magnitude in spatial extent. In the second part of this work, we present synthetic synchrotron emission maps for our MHD models. In principle the two-zone model can reproduce the morphological structure seen in radio observations, as central-peaked profiles across the jet close the the source, limb-bright further down the jet, and a bright knot close to the position of HST-1. However it is difficult to reconcile all features into a single set of parameters.
astro-ph
we present a selfconsistent mhd model for the jet of m87 the model consist of two distinct zones an inner relativistic outflow which we identify with the observed jet and an outer cold diskwind while the former does not selfcollimate efficiently due to its high effective inertia the latter fulfills all the conditions for efficient collimation by the magnetocentrifugal mechanism given the right balance between the effective inertia of the inner flow and the collimation efficiency of the outer disk wind the relativistic flow is magnetically confined into a well collimated beam for a wide range of parameters and matches the measurements of the opening angle of m87 over several orders of magnitude in spatial extent in the second part of this work we present synthetic synchrotron emission maps for our mhd models in principle the twozone model can reproduce the morphological structure seen in radio observations as centralpeaked profiles across the jet close the the source limbbright further down the jet and a bright knot close to the position of hst1 however it is difficult to reconcile all features into a single set of parameters
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712.2735
Temporal Coherence and Indistinguishability in Two-Photon Interference Effects
We show that temporal two-photon interference effects involving the signal and idler photons created by parametric down-conversion can be fully characterized in terms of the variations of two length parameters--called the biphoton path-length difference and the biphoton path-asymmetry- length difference--which we construct using the six different length parameters that a general two-photon interference experiment involves. We perform an experiment in which the effects of the variations of these two parameters can be independently controlled and studied. In our experimental setup, which does not involve mixing of signal and idler photons at a beam splitter, we further report observations of Hong-Ou-Mandel- (HOM-)like effects both in coincidence and in one-photon count rates. As an important consequence, we argue that the HOM and the HOM-like effects are best described as observations of how two-photon coherence changes as a function of the biphoton path- asymmetry-length difference.
quant-ph
we show that temporal twophoton interference effects involving the signal and idler photons created by parametric downconversion can be fully characterized in terms of the variations of two length parameterscalled the biphoton pathlength difference and the biphoton pathasymmetry length differencewhich we construct using the six different length parameters that a general twophoton interference experiment involves we perform an experiment in which the effects of the variations of these two parameters can be independently controlled and studied in our experimental setup which does not involve mixing of signal and idler photons at a beam splitter we further report observations of hongoumandel homlike effects both in coincidence and in onephoton count rates as an important consequence we argue that the hom and the homlike effects are best described as observations of how twophoton coherence changes as a function of the biphoton path asymmetrylength difference
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712.2736
A Note on the Statistics of Hardcore Fermions
It is shown that the statistics of the hardcore fermions is A-superstatistics of order one [see T.D.P. J. Math. Phys. 21, 1293 (1980)]. The Pauli principle for these particles is formulated. The Hubbard operators, which constitute a basis in the Lie superalgebra gl(1|n), are expressed via the creation and the annihilation operators of the hardcore fermions.
cond-mat.str-el hep-th math-ph math.MP quant-ph
it is shown that the statistics of the hardcore fermions is asuperstatistics of order one see tdp j math phys 21 1293 1980 the pauli principle for these particles is formulated the hubbard operators which constitute a basis in the lie superalgebra gl1n are expressed via the creation and the annihilation operators of the hardcore fermions
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712.2737
Experiments with a Convex Polyhedral Analysis Tool for Logic Programs
Convex polyhedral abstractions of logic programs have been found very useful in deriving numeric relationships between program arguments in order to prove program properties and in other areas such as termination and complexity analysis. We present a tool for constructing polyhedral analyses of (constraint) logic programs. The aim of the tool is to make available, with a convenient interface, state-of-the-art techniques for polyhedral analysis such as delayed widening, narrowing, "widening up-to", and enhanced automatic selection of widening points. The tool is accessible on the web, permits user programs to be uploaded and analysed, and is integrated with related program transformations such as size abstractions and query-answer transformation. We then report some experiments using the tool, showing how it can be conveniently used to analyse transition systems arising from models of embedded systems, and an emulator for a PIC microcontroller which is used for example in wearable computing systems. We discuss issues including scalability, tradeoffs of precision and computation time, and other program transformations that can enhance the results of analysis.
cs.PL cs.SE
convex polyhedral abstractions of logic programs have been found very useful in deriving numeric relationships between program arguments in order to prove program properties and in other areas such as termination and complexity analysis we present a tool for constructing polyhedral analyses of constraint logic programs the aim of the tool is to make available with a convenient interface stateoftheart techniques for polyhedral analysis such as delayed widening narrowing widening upto and enhanced automatic selection of widening points the tool is accessible on the web permits user programs to be uploaded and analysed and is integrated with related program transformations such as size abstractions and queryanswer transformation we then report some experiments using the tool showing how it can be conveniently used to analyse transition systems arising from models of embedded systems and an emulator for a pic microcontroller which is used for example in wearable computing systems we discuss issues including scalability tradeoffs of precision and computation time and other program transformations that can enhance the results of analysis
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712.2738
Orthogonal Laurent polynomials on the unit circle and snake-shaped matrix factorizations
Let there be given a probability measure $\mu$ on the unit circle $\TT$ of the complex plane and consider the inner product induced by $\mu$. In this paper we consider the problem of orthogonalizing a sequence of monomials $\{z^{r_k}\}_k$, for a certain order of the $r_k\in\mathbb{Z}$, by means of the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process. This leads to a basis of orthonormal Laurent polynomials $\{\psi_k\}_k$. We show that the matrix representation with respect to the basis $\{\psi_k\}_k$ of the operator of multiplication by $z$ is an infinite unitary or isometric matrix allowing a 'snake-shaped' matrix factorization. Here the 'snake shape' of the factorization is to be understood in terms of its graphical representation via sequences of little line segments, following an earlier work of Delvaux and Van Barel. We show that the shape of the snake is determined by the order in which the monomials $\{z^{r_k}\}_k$ are orthogonalized, while the 'segments' of the snake are canonically determined in terms of the Schur parameters for $\mu$. Isometric Hessenberg matrices and unitary five-diagonal matrices (CMV matrices) follow as a special case of the presented formalism.
math.CA
let there be given a probability measure mu on the unit circle tt of the complex plane and consider the inner product induced by mu in this paper we consider the problem of orthogonalizing a sequence of monomials zr_k_k for a certain order of the r_kinmathbbz by means of the gramschmidt orthogonalization process this leads to a basis of orthonormal laurent polynomials psi_k_k we show that the matrix representation with respect to the basis psi_k_k of the operator of multiplication by z is an infinite unitary or isometric matrix allowing a snakeshaped matrix factorization here the snake shape of the factorization is to be understood in terms of its graphical representation via sequences of little line segments following an earlier work of delvaux and van barel we show that the shape of the snake is determined by the order in which the monomials zr_k_k are orthogonalized while the segments of the snake are canonically determined in terms of the schur parameters for mu isometric hessenberg matrices and unitary fivediagonal matrices cmv matrices follow as a special case of the presented formalism
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712.2739
Turbulent dynamics of pipe flow captured in a reduced model: puff relaminarisation and localised `edge' states
Fully 3-dimensional computations of flow through a long pipe demand a huge number of degrees of freedom, making it very expensive to explore parameter space and difficult to isolate the structure of the underlying dynamics. We therefore introduce a `2+epsilon' dimensional model of pipe flow which is a minimal 3-dimensionalisation of the axisymmetric case: only sinusoidal variation in azimuth plus azimuthal shifts are retained, yet the same dynamics familiar from experiments are found. In particular the model retains the subcritical dynamics of fully resolved pipe flow, capturing realistic localised `puff'-like structures which can decay abruptly after long times, as well as global `slug' turbulence. Relaminarisation statistics of puffs reproduce the memoryless feature of pipe flow and indicate the existence of a Reynolds number about which lifetimes diverge rapidly, provided that the pipe is sufficiently long. Exponential divergence of the lifetime is prevalent in shorter periodic domains. In a short pipe, exact travelling-wave solutions are found nearby to flow trajectories on the boundary between laminar and turbulent flow. In a long pipe, the attracting state on the laminar-turbulent boundary is a localised structure which resembles a smoothened puff. This `edge' state remains localised even for Reynolds numbers where the turbulent state is global.
physics.flu-dyn
fully 3dimensional computations of flow through a long pipe demand a huge number of degrees of freedom making it very expensive to explore parameter space and difficult to isolate the structure of the underlying dynamics we therefore introduce a 2epsilon dimensional model of pipe flow which is a minimal 3dimensionalisation of the axisymmetric case only sinusoidal variation in azimuth plus azimuthal shifts are retained yet the same dynamics familiar from experiments are found in particular the model retains the subcritical dynamics of fully resolved pipe flow capturing realistic localised pufflike structures which can decay abruptly after long times as well as global slug turbulence relaminarisation statistics of puffs reproduce the memoryless feature of pipe flow and indicate the existence of a reynolds number about which lifetimes diverge rapidly provided that the pipe is sufficiently long exponential divergence of the lifetime is prevalent in shorter periodic domains in a short pipe exact travellingwave solutions are found nearby to flow trajectories on the boundary between laminar and turbulent flow in a long pipe the attracting state on the laminarturbulent boundary is a localised structure which resembles a smoothened puff this edge state remains localised even for reynolds numbers where the turbulent state is global
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712.274
Effective generation of entangled states and realization of quantum gate operations in cavity QED
This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to some problems.
quant-ph
this paper has been withdrawn by the author due to some problems
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712.2741
Bosons in one-dimensional incommensurate superlattices
We investigate numerically the zero-temperature physics of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model in an incommensurate cosine potential, recently realized in experiments with cold bosons in optical superlattices L. Fallani et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 130404, (2007)]. An incommensurate cosine potential has intermediate properties between a truly periodic and a fully random potential, displaying a characteristic length scale (the quasi-period) which is shown to set a finite lower bound to the excitation energy of the system at special incommensurate fillings. This leads to the emergence of gapped incommensurate band-insulator (IBI) phases along with gapless Bose-glass (BG) phases for strong quasi-periodic potential, both for hardcore and softcore bosons. Enriching the spatial features of the potential by the addition of a second incommensurate component appears to remove the IBI regions, stabilizing a continuous BG phase over an extended parameter range. Moreover we discuss the validity of the local-density approximation in presence of a parabolic trap, clarifying the notion of a local BG phase in a trapped system; we investigate the behavior of first- and second-order coherence upon increasing the strength of the quasi-periodic potential; and we discuss the ab-initio derivation of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian with quasi-periodic potential starting from the microscopic Hamiltonian of bosons in an incommensurate superlattice.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.str-el
we investigate numerically the zerotemperature physics of the onedimensional bosehubbard model in an incommensurate cosine potential recently realized in experiments with cold bosons in optical superlattices l fallani et al phys rev lett 98 130404 2007 an incommensurate cosine potential has intermediate properties between a truly periodic and a fully random potential displaying a characteristic length scale the quasiperiod which is shown to set a finite lower bound to the excitation energy of the system at special incommensurate fillings this leads to the emergence of gapped incommensurate bandinsulator ibi phases along with gapless boseglass bg phases for strong quasiperiodic potential both for hardcore and softcore bosons enriching the spatial features of the potential by the addition of a second incommensurate component appears to remove the ibi regions stabilizing a continuous bg phase over an extended parameter range moreover we discuss the validity of the localdensity approximation in presence of a parabolic trap clarifying the notion of a local bg phase in a trapped system we investigate the behavior of first and secondorder coherence upon increasing the strength of the quasiperiodic potential and we discuss the abinitio derivation of the bosehubbard hamiltonian with quasiperiodic potential starting from the microscopic hamiltonian of bosons in an incommensurate superlattice
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712.2742
Free pluriharmonic majorants and noncommutative interpolation
In this paper, we initiate the study of sub-pluriharmonic curves in Cuntz-Toeplitz algebras and free pluriharmonic majorants on noncommutative balls. We are lead to a characterization of the noncommutative Hardy space $H^2_{\bf ball}$ in terms of free pluriharmonic majorants, and to a Schur type description of the unit ball of $H^2_{\bf ball}$. These results are used to solve a multivariable commutant lifting problem and provide a description of all solutions.
math.FA math.OA
in this paper we initiate the study of subpluriharmonic curves in cuntztoeplitz algebras and free pluriharmonic majorants on noncommutative balls we are lead to a characterization of the noncommutative hardy space h2_bf ball in terms of free pluriharmonic majorants and to a schur type description of the unit ball of h2_bf ball these results are used to solve a multivariable commutant lifting problem and provide a description of all solutions
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712.2743
A Generalized Scaling Function for AdS/CFT
We study a refined large spin limit for twist operators in the sl(2) sector of AdS/CFT. We derive a novel non-perturbative equation for the generalized two-parameter scaling function associated to this limit, and analyze it at weak coupling. It is expected to smoothly interpolate between weakly coupled gauge theory and string theory at strong coupling.
hep-th
we study a refined large spin limit for twist operators in the sl2 sector of adscft we derive a novel nonperturbative equation for the generalized twoparameter scaling function associated to this limit and analyze it at weak coupling it is expected to smoothly interpolate between weakly coupled gauge theory and string theory at strong coupling
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712.2744
Anomalous gamma gamma interaction
Data from LEP2 on hadron production in gamma gamma interactions at high pT exceed the predictions of QCD by about an order of magnitude. The amplitude for the process is asymptotically proportional to the sum of the squares of the charges of quarks. The data are suggestive of models where quarks have unit charges, or larger. Unequivocal tests could be made with the ILC or CLIC, but a plasma wakefield e-e- collider might provide the most affordable option.
hep-ph
data from lep2 on hadron production in gamma gamma interactions at high pt exceed the predictions of qcd by about an order of magnitude the amplitude for the process is asymptotically proportional to the sum of the squares of the charges of quarks the data are suggestive of models where quarks have unit charges or larger unequivocal tests could be made with the ilc or clic but a plasma wakefield ee collider might provide the most affordable option
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712.2745
Magnetic Doppler Imaging of Active Stars
We present a new implementation of the magnetic Doppler imaging technique, which aims at self-consistent temperature and magnetic mapping of the surface structures in cool active stars. Our magnetic imaging procedure is unique in its capability to model individual spectral features in all four Stokes parameters. We discuss performance and intrinsic limitations of the new magnetic Doppler imaging method. A special emphasis is given to the simultaneous modelling of the magnetically sensitive lines in the optical and infrared regions and to combining information from both atomic and molecular spectral features. These two techniques may, for the first time, give us a tool to study magnetic fields in the starspot interiors.
astro-ph
we present a new implementation of the magnetic doppler imaging technique which aims at selfconsistent temperature and magnetic mapping of the surface structures in cool active stars our magnetic imaging procedure is unique in its capability to model individual spectral features in all four stokes parameters we discuss performance and intrinsic limitations of the new magnetic doppler imaging method a special emphasis is given to the simultaneous modelling of the magnetically sensitive lines in the optical and infrared regions and to combining information from both atomic and molecular spectral features these two techniques may for the first time give us a tool to study magnetic fields in the starspot interiors
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712.2746
Electronic and structural transition in $La_{0.2} Sr_{0.8} Mn O_3$
We investigate the interplay of the electronic and structural transition in La$_{0.2}$Sr$_{0.8}$MnO$_{3}$. The transport and specific heat measurements exhibit unusual evolutions and signature of a first order phase transition around 265 K. Mn K-edge extended $x$-ray absorption fine structure results reveal distortion in the MnO$_6$ octahedra even in the cubic phase and a remarkable evolution of the distortion across the phase transition. These results manifest the importance of fluctuations in Mn 3$d$ orbital occupancy and disorder in their electronic properties, which may help in understanding the orbital and spin ordering proposed in these systems.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we investigate the interplay of the electronic and structural transition in la_02sr_08mno_3 the transport and specific heat measurements exhibit unusual evolutions and signature of a first order phase transition around 265 k mn kedge extended xray absorption fine structure results reveal distortion in the mno_6 octahedra even in the cubic phase and a remarkable evolution of the distortion across the phase transition these results manifest the importance of fluctuations in mn 3d orbital occupancy and disorder in their electronic properties which may help in understanding the orbital and spin ordering proposed in these systems
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712.2747
Discrete series of representations for the modular double of U_q(sl(2,R))
Modular double of quantum group U_q (sl(2)) with deformation parameter q=e^{i\pi\tau} is a natural object explicitly taking into account the duality \tau -> 1/\tau. The use of the modular double in CFT allows to consider the region 1<c<25 for the central charge of the Virasoro algebra when |\tau|=1. In this paper a new discrete series of representations for the modular double of U_q (sl(2,R)) is found for such \tau.
math.QA hep-th
modular double of quantum group u_q sl2 with deformation parameter qeipitau is a natural object explicitly taking into account the duality tau 1tau the use of the modular double in cft allows to consider the region 1c25 for the central charge of the virasoro algebra when tau1 in this paper a new discrete series of representations for the modular double of u_q sl2r is found for such tau
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712.2748
Analytic approach to the ground state energy of charged anyon gases in the high magnetic field
We present analytic formulas for the ground state energy of the two-dimensional (2D) anyon gas in the quantum limit of a perpendicular magnetic field (Landau level filling factor \nu_L\le 1). These formulas, for the cases without and with Coulomb interaction, are obtained by applying the harmonic potential regularization for vanishing confinement to the harmonically confined Coulomb anyon gas as in our previous paper for the case without magnetic field. For the case without Coulomb interaction our analytic expression is exact. It contains a contribution deriving from the anyon gauge field (characterizing the fractional statistics by the anyon parameter \nu) and depends on \nu and \nu_L. For the case with Coulomb interaction we introduce a function, depending on \nu, \nu_L and the density parameter r_s, which is determined by fitting to the interpolation formula of Fano and Ortolani in the fractional quantum Hall regime for spin-polarized fermions in conjunction with results of Yoshioka for the ground state energy of the 2D Coulomb boson gas in high magnetic fields. With their dependence on \nu, our formulas apply not only to fermions (\nu=1) but quite generally to anyons (0\le \nu\le 1).
cond-mat.str-el
we present analytic formulas for the ground state energy of the twodimensional 2d anyon gas in the quantum limit of a perpendicular magnetic field landau level filling factor nu_lle 1 these formulas for the cases without and with coulomb interaction are obtained by applying the harmonic potential regularization for vanishing confinement to the harmonically confined coulomb anyon gas as in our previous paper for the case without magnetic field for the case without coulomb interaction our analytic expression is exact it contains a contribution deriving from the anyon gauge field characterizing the fractional statistics by the anyon parameter nu and depends on nu and nu_l for the case with coulomb interaction we introduce a function depending on nu nu_l and the density parameter r_s which is determined by fitting to the interpolation formula of fano and ortolani in the fractional quantum hall regime for spinpolarized fermions in conjunction with results of yoshioka for the ground state energy of the 2d coulomb boson gas in high magnetic fields with their dependence on nu our formulas apply not only to fermions nu1 but quite generally to anyons 0le nule 1
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712.2749
Graph limits and exchangeable random graphs
We develop a clear connection between deFinetti's theorem for exchangeable arrays (work of Aldous--Hoover--Kallenberg) and the emerging area of graph limits (work of Lovasz and many coauthors). Along the way, we translate the graph theory into more classical probability.
math.PR math.CO
we develop a clear connection between definettis theorem for exchangeable arrays work of aldoushooverkallenberg and the emerging area of graph limits work of lovasz and many coauthors along the way we translate the graph theory into more classical probability
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712.275
Influence of global rotation and Reynolds number on the large-scale features of a turbulent Taylor-Couette flow
We experimentally study the turbulent flow between two coaxial and independently rotating cylinders. We determined the scaling of the torque with Reynolds numbers at various angular velocity ratios (Rotation numbers), and the behaviour of the wall shear stress when varying the Rotation number at high Reynolds numbers. We compare the curves with PIV analysis of the mean flow and show the peculiar role of perfect counterrotation for the emergence of organised large scale structures in the mean part of this very turbulent flow that appear in a smooth and continuous way: the transition resembles a supercritical bifurcation of the secondary mean flow.
physics.flu-dyn physics.class-ph
we experimentally study the turbulent flow between two coaxial and independently rotating cylinders we determined the scaling of the torque with reynolds numbers at various angular velocity ratios rotation numbers and the behaviour of the wall shear stress when varying the rotation number at high reynolds numbers we compare the curves with piv analysis of the mean flow and show the peculiar role of perfect counterrotation for the emergence of organised large scale structures in the mean part of this very turbulent flow that appear in a smooth and continuous way the transition resembles a supercritical bifurcation of the secondary mean flow
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712.2751
Monitoring LMXBs with the Faulkes Telescopes
We have been undertaking a monitoring project of 13 low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) using FT North since early 2006. The introduction of FT South has allowed us to extend this monitoring to include 15 southern hemisphere LMXBs. With new instrumentation, we also intend to expand this monitoring to include both infrared wavelengths and spectroscopy.
astro-ph
we have been undertaking a monitoring project of 13 lowmass xray binaries lmxbs using ft north since early 2006 the introduction of ft south has allowed us to extend this monitoring to include 15 southern hemisphere lmxbs with new instrumentation we also intend to expand this monitoring to include both infrared wavelengths and spectroscopy
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712.2752
On Algebraic Graph Theory and the Dynamics of Innovation Networks
We investigate some of the properties and extensions of a dynamic innovation network model recently introduced in \citep{koenig07:_effic_stabil_dynam_innov_networ}. In the model, the set of efficient graphs ranges, depending on the cost for maintaining a link, from the complete graph to the (quasi-) star, varying within a well defined class of graphs. However, the interplay between dynamics on the nodes and topology of the network leads to equilibrium networks which are typically not efficient and are characterized, as observed in empirical studies of R&D networks, by sparseness, presence of clusters and heterogeneity of degree. In this paper, we analyze the relation between the growth rate of the knowledge stock of the agents from R&D collaborations and the properties of the adjacency matrix associated with the network of collaborations. By means of computer simulations we further investigate how the equilibrium network is affected by increasing the evaluation time $\tau$ over which agents evaluate whether to maintain a link or not. We show that only if $\tau$ is long enough, efficient networks can be obtained by the selfish link formation process of agents, otherwise the equilibrium network is inefficient. This work should assist in building a theoretical framework of R&D networks from which policies can be derived that aim at fostering efficient innovation networks.
physics.soc-ph
we investigate some of the properties and extensions of a dynamic innovation network model recently introduced in citepkoenig07_effic_stabil_dynam_innov_networ in the model the set of efficient graphs ranges depending on the cost for maintaining a link from the complete graph to the quasi star varying within a well defined class of graphs however the interplay between dynamics on the nodes and topology of the network leads to equilibrium networks which are typically not efficient and are characterized as observed in empirical studies of rd networks by sparseness presence of clusters and heterogeneity of degree in this paper we analyze the relation between the growth rate of the knowledge stock of the agents from rd collaborations and the properties of the adjacency matrix associated with the network of collaborations by means of computer simulations we further investigate how the equilibrium network is affected by increasing the evaluation time tau over which agents evaluate whether to maintain a link or not we show that only if tau is long enough efficient networks can be obtained by the selfish link formation process of agents otherwise the equilibrium network is inefficient this work should assist in building a theoretical framework of rd networks from which policies can be derived that aim at fostering efficient innovation networks
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712.2753
Solution of the Pompeiu problem (II)
This paper has been withdrawn by the author.
math.AP
this paper has been withdrawn by the author
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712.2754
Observational constraints on AGB mass loss and its effect on AGB evolution
This review discusses some of the observational constraints on what we know about the mass loss experienced by stars in the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) phase of evolution. Mass loss affects the maximum mass attained by the core of an AGB star and hence its fate as a white dwarf or potentially a supernova. The way mass loss depends on stellar initial parameters and time affects the yield from AGB stars, in terms of elemental abundances and types of dust. The role of pulsation, dust formation, chromospheres and other mechanisms which may contribute to mass loss are assessed against observational evidence, and suggestions are made for observations which could force significant new progress in this field in the first decades of the 21st century. A better understanding of AGB mass loss may be gained from a combination with studies of first ascent red giant branch (RGB) stars and red supergiants, through population studies and in different environments.
astro-ph
this review discusses some of the observational constraints on what we know about the mass loss experienced by stars in the asymptotic giant branch agb phase of evolution mass loss affects the maximum mass attained by the core of an agb star and hence its fate as a white dwarf or potentially a supernova the way mass loss depends on stellar initial parameters and time affects the yield from agb stars in terms of elemental abundances and types of dust the role of pulsation dust formation chromospheres and other mechanisms which may contribute to mass loss are assessed against observational evidence and suggestions are made for observations which could force significant new progress in this field in the first decades of the 21st century a better understanding of agb mass loss may be gained from a combination with studies of first ascent red giant branch rgb stars and red supergiants through population studies and in different environments
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712.2755
Directive Emission Obtained by Coordinate Transformation
We use coordinate transformation theory to realize substrates that can modify the emission of an embedded source. Simulation results show that with proper transformation functions the energy radiated by a source embedded in these space variant media will be concentrated in a narrow beam. The thickness of the slab achieved with our transformations will no longer be restricted by the evanescent modes and the source can be placed at any position along the boundary of the substrate without affecting the radiation pattern. We also discuss the case where reduced parameters are used, which still performs well and is physically realizable.
physics.class-ph
we use coordinate transformation theory to realize substrates that can modify the emission of an embedded source simulation results show that with proper transformation functions the energy radiated by a source embedded in these space variant media will be concentrated in a narrow beam the thickness of the slab achieved with our transformations will no longer be restricted by the evanescent modes and the source can be placed at any position along the boundary of the substrate without affecting the radiation pattern we also discuss the case where reduced parameters are used which still performs well and is physically realizable
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712.2756
Positive divisors on quotients of $\bar{M}_{0,n}$ and the Mori cone of $\bar{M}_{g,n}$
We prove that if $m \ge n-3$ then every $S_m$-invariant F-nef divisor on the moduli space of stable $n$-pointed curves of genus zero is linearly equivalent to an effective combination of boundary divisors. As an application, we determine the Mori cone of the moduli spaces of stable curves of small genus with few marked points.
math.AG
we prove that if m ge n3 then every s_minvariant fnef divisor on the moduli space of stable npointed curves of genus zero is linearly equivalent to an effective combination of boundary divisors as an application we determine the mori cone of the moduli spaces of stable curves of small genus with few marked points
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712.2757
Galaxies as a cosmological test
The relativistic LambdaCDM cosmological model has passed a demanding network of tests that convincingly demonstrate it is a useful approximation to what happened back to high redshift. But there are anomalies in its application to structure formation on the scales of galaxies that show we have much to learn about what this theory actually predicts and possibly something also of value to learn about the fundamental theoretical basis for observational cosmology. This is slightly revised and enlarged from a contribution to A Century of Cosmology, Venice, August 2007.
astro-ph
the relativistic lambdacdm cosmological model has passed a demanding network of tests that convincingly demonstrate it is a useful approximation to what happened back to high redshift but there are anomalies in its application to structure formation on the scales of galaxies that show we have much to learn about what this theory actually predicts and possibly something also of value to learn about the fundamental theoretical basis for observational cosmology this is slightly revised and enlarged from a contribution to a century of cosmology venice august 2007
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712.2758
Induction level determines signature of gene expression noise in cellular systems
Noise in gene expression, either due to inherent stochasticity or to varying inter- and intracellular environment, can generate significant cell-to-cell variability of protein levels in clonal populations. We present a theoretical framework, based on stochastic processes, to quantify the different sources of gene expression noise taking cell division explicitly into account. Analytical, time-dependent solutions for the noise contributions arising from the major steps involved in protein synthesis are derived. The analysis shows that the induction level of the activator or transcription factor is crucial for the characteristic signature of the dominant source of gene expression noise and thus bridges the gap between seemingly contradictory experimental results. Furthermore, on the basis of experimentally measured cell distributions, our simulations suggest that transcription factor binding and promoter activation can be modelled independently of each other with sufficient accuracy.
q-bio.OT
noise in gene expression either due to inherent stochasticity or to varying inter and intracellular environment can generate significant celltocell variability of protein levels in clonal populations we present a theoretical framework based on stochastic processes to quantify the different sources of gene expression noise taking cell division explicitly into account analytical timedependent solutions for the noise contributions arising from the major steps involved in protein synthesis are derived the analysis shows that the induction level of the activator or transcription factor is crucial for the characteristic signature of the dominant source of gene expression noise and thus bridges the gap between seemingly contradictory experimental results furthermore on the basis of experimentally measured cell distributions our simulations suggest that transcription factor binding and promoter activation can be modelled independently of each other with sufficient accuracy
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712.2759
Infrared and X-Ray Evidence for Circumstellar Grain Destruction by the Blast Wave of Supernova 1987A
Multiwavelength observations of supernova remnant (SNR) 1987A show that its morphology and luminosity are rapidly changing at X-ray, optical, infrared, and radio wavelengths as the blast wave from the explosion expands into the circumstellar equatorial ring, produced by mass loss from the progenitor star. The observed infrared (IR) radiation arises from the interaction of dust grains that formed in mass outflow with the soft X-ray emitting plasma component of the shocked gas. Spitzer IRS spectra at 5 - 30 microns taken on day 6190 since the explosion show that the emission arises from ~ 1.1E-6 Msun of silicate grains radiating at a temperature of ~180+20-15 K. Subsequent observations on day 7137 show that the IR flux had increased by a factor of 2 while maintaining an almost identical spectral shape. The observed IR-to-X-ray flux ratio (IRX) is consistent with that of a dusty plasma with standard Large Magellanic Cloud dust abundances. IRX has decreased by a factor of ~ 2 between days 6190 and 7137, providing the first direct observation of the ongoing destruction of dust in an expanding SN blast wave on dynamic time scales. Detailed models consistent with the observed dust temperature, the ionization timescale of the soft X-ray emission component, and the evolution of IRX suggest that the radiating silicate grains are immersed in a 3.5E6 K plasma with a density of (0.3-1)E4 cm^{-3}, and have a size distribution that is confined to a narrow range of radii between 0.023 and 0.22 microns. Smaller grains may have been evaporated by the initial UV flash from the supernova.
astro-ph
multiwavelength observations of supernova remnant snr 1987a show that its morphology and luminosity are rapidly changing at xray optical infrared and radio wavelengths as the blast wave from the explosion expands into the circumstellar equatorial ring produced by mass loss from the progenitor star the observed infrared ir radiation arises from the interaction of dust grains that formed in mass outflow with the soft xray emitting plasma component of the shocked gas spitzer irs spectra at 5 30 microns taken on day 6190 since the explosion show that the emission arises from 11e6 msun of silicate grains radiating at a temperature of 1802015 k subsequent observations on day 7137 show that the ir flux had increased by a factor of 2 while maintaining an almost identical spectral shape the observed irtoxray flux ratio irx is consistent with that of a dusty plasma with standard large magellanic cloud dust abundances irx has decreased by a factor of 2 between days 6190 and 7137 providing the first direct observation of the ongoing destruction of dust in an expanding sn blast wave on dynamic time scales detailed models consistent with the observed dust temperature the ionization timescale of the soft xray emission component and the evolution of irx suggest that the radiating silicate grains are immersed in a 35e6 k plasma with a density of 031e4 cm3 and have a size distribution that is confined to a narrow range of radii between 0023 and 022 microns smaller grains may have been evaporated by the initial uv flash from the supernova
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712.276
The Nitrogen and Oxygen abundances in the neutral gas at high redshift
We study the Oxygen and Nitrogen abundances in the interstellar medium of high-redshift galaxies. We use high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio spectra of Damped Lyman-alpha (DLA) systems detected along the line-of-sight to quasars to derive robust abundance measurements from unsaturated metal absorption lines. We present results for a sample of 16 high-redshift DLAs and strong sub-DLAs (log N(HI)>19.5, 2.4<zabs<3.6) including 13 new measurements. We find that the Oxygen to Iron abundance ratio is pretty much constant with [O/Fe]=+0.32+-0.10 for -2.5<[O/H]<-1.0 with a small scatter around this value. The Oxygen abundance follows quite well the Silicon abundance within 0.2dex although the Silicon abundance could be slightly smaller for [O/H]<-2. The distribution of the [N/O] abundance ratio, measured from components that are detected in both species, is somehow double peaked: five systems have [N/O]>-1 and nine systems have [N/O]<-1.15. In the diagram [N/O] versus [O/H], a loose plateau is possibly present at [N/O]=-0.9 that is below the so-called primary plateau as seen in local metal-poor dwarf galaxies ([N/O] in the range -0.57 to -0.74). No system is seen above this primary plateau whereas the majority of the systems lie well below with a large scatter. All this suggests a picture in which DLAs undergo successive star-bursts. During such an episode, the [N/O] ratio decreases sharply because of the rapid release of Oxygen by massive stars whereas inbetween two bursts, Nitrogen is released by low and intermediate-mass stars with a delay and the [N/O] ratio increases.
astro-ph
we study the oxygen and nitrogen abundances in the interstellar medium of highredshift galaxies we use high resolution and high signaltonoise ratio spectra of damped lymanalpha dla systems detected along the lineofsight to quasars to derive robust abundance measurements from unsaturated metal absorption lines we present results for a sample of 16 highredshift dlas and strong subdlas log nhi195 24zabs36 including 13 new measurements we find that the oxygen to iron abundance ratio is pretty much constant with ofe032010 for 25oh10 with a small scatter around this value the oxygen abundance follows quite well the silicon abundance within 02dex although the silicon abundance could be slightly smaller for oh2 the distribution of the no abundance ratio measured from components that are detected in both species is somehow double peaked five systems have no1 and nine systems have no115 in the diagram no versus oh a loose plateau is possibly present at no09 that is below the socalled primary plateau as seen in local metalpoor dwarf galaxies no in the range 057 to 074 no system is seen above this primary plateau whereas the majority of the systems lie well below with a large scatter all this suggests a picture in which dlas undergo successive starbursts during such an episode the no ratio decreases sharply because of the rapid release of oxygen by massive stars whereas inbetween two bursts nitrogen is released by low and intermediatemass stars with a delay and the no ratio increases
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712.2761
Chiral phase transition in the presence of spinodal decomposition
The thermodynamics of a first order chiral phase transition is considered in the presence of spinodal phase separation within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. The properties of the basic thermodynamic observables in the coexistence phase are discussed for zero and non-zero quark masses. We focus on observables that probe the chiral phase transition. In particular, the behavior of the specific heat and entropy as well as charge fluctuations are calculated and analyzed. We show that the specific heat and charge susceptibilities diverge at the isothermal spinodal lines. We determine the scaling behavior and compute the critical exponent $\gamma$ of the net quark number susceptibility at the isothermal spinodal lines within the NJL model and the Ginsburg-Landau theory. We show that in the chiral limit the critical exponent $\gamma=1/2$ at the tricritical point as well as along the isothermal spinodal lines. On the other hand, for finite quark masses the critical exponent at the spinodal lines, $\gamma=1/2$, differs from that at the critical end point, $\gamma=2/3$, indicating a change in the universality class. These results are independent of the particular choice of the chiral Lagrangian and should be common for all mean field approaches.
hep-ph nucl-th
the thermodynamics of a first order chiral phase transition is considered in the presence of spinodal phase separation within the nambujonalasinio njl model the properties of the basic thermodynamic observables in the coexistence phase are discussed for zero and nonzero quark masses we focus on observables that probe the chiral phase transition in particular the behavior of the specific heat and entropy as well as charge fluctuations are calculated and analyzed we show that the specific heat and charge susceptibilities diverge at the isothermal spinodal lines we determine the scaling behavior and compute the critical exponent gamma of the net quark number susceptibility at the isothermal spinodal lines within the njl model and the ginsburglandau theory we show that in the chiral limit the critical exponent gamma12 at the tricritical point as well as along the isothermal spinodal lines on the other hand for finite quark masses the critical exponent at the spinodal lines gamma12 differs from that at the critical end point gamma23 indicating a change in the universality class these results are independent of the particular choice of the chiral lagrangian and should be common for all mean field approaches
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712.2762
Double fermionic contributions to the heavy-quark vacuum polarization
We compute the virtual O(\alpha_s^3 n_f^2) corrections to the heavy quark vector current correlator in terms of expansions in the external momentum and as an exact numerical solution. As a byproduct, the available high-energy expansion at the three-loop level is extended.
hep-ph
we compute the virtual oalpha_s3 n_f2 corrections to the heavy quark vector current correlator in terms of expansions in the external momentum and as an exact numerical solution as a byproduct the available highenergy expansion at the threeloop level is extended
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712.2763
The Inverse Amplitude Method and Adler Zeros
The Inverse Amplitude Method is a powerful unitarization technique to enlarge the energy applicability region of Effective Lagrangians. It has been widely used to describe resonances from Chiral Perturbation Theory as well as for the Strongly Interacting Symmetry Breaking Sector. In this work we show how it can be slightly modified to account also for the sub-threshold region, incorporating correctly the Adler zeros required by chiral symmetry and eliminating spurious poles. These improvements produce negligible effects on the physical region.
hep-ph
the inverse amplitude method is a powerful unitarization technique to enlarge the energy applicability region of effective lagrangians it has been widely used to describe resonances from chiral perturbation theory as well as for the strongly interacting symmetry breaking sector in this work we show how it can be slightly modified to account also for the subthreshold region incorporating correctly the adler zeros required by chiral symmetry and eliminating spurious poles these improvements produce negligible effects on the physical region
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712.2764
Reduction Operators of Linear Second-Order Parabolic Equations
The reduction operators, i.e., the operators of nonclassical (conditional) symmetry, of (1+1)-dimensional second order linear parabolic partial differential equations and all the possible reductions of these equations to ordinary differential ones are exhaustively described. This problem proves to be equivalent, in some sense, to solving the initial equations. The ``no-go'' result is extended to the investigation of point transformations (admissible transformations, equivalence transformations, Lie symmetries) and Lie reductions of the determining equations for the nonclassical symmetries. Transformations linearizing the determining equations are obtained in the general case and under different additional constraints. A nontrivial example illustrating applications of reduction operators to finding exact solutions of equations from the class under consideration is presented. An observed connection between reduction operators and Darboux transformations is discussed.
math.AP math-ph math.MP
the reduction operators ie the operators of nonclassical conditional symmetry of 11dimensional second order linear parabolic partial differential equations and all the possible reductions of these equations to ordinary differential ones are exhaustively described this problem proves to be equivalent in some sense to solving the initial equations the nogo result is extended to the investigation of point transformations admissible transformations equivalence transformations lie symmetries and lie reductions of the determining equations for the nonclassical symmetries transformations linearizing the determining equations are obtained in the general case and under different additional constraints a nontrivial example illustrating applications of reduction operators to finding exact solutions of equations from the class under consideration is presented an observed connection between reduction operators and darboux transformations is discussed
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712.2765
Anyon related correlations in two-dimensional Coulomb gases
In our recent paper (Phys. Rev. B 76, 075403 (2007)), we have applied the anyon concept to derive an approximate analytic formula for the ground state energy, which applies to two-dimensional (2D) Coulomb systems from the bosonic to the fermionic limit. We make use of these results here to draw attention to correlation effects for two special cases: the spin-polarized 2D fermion system and the charged anyon system close to the bosonic limit. By comparison with quantum Monte-Carlo data (for the former) and exact results obtained in the hypernetted-chain and Bogolyubov approximations (for the latter) we can conclude on correlation effects, which have their origin in the bosonic systems and come into play by using the anyon concept. To our knowledge, these correlations are not yet considered in the literature.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mes-hall
in our recent paper phys rev b 76 075403 2007 we have applied the anyon concept to derive an approximate analytic formula for the ground state energy which applies to twodimensional 2d coulomb systems from the bosonic to the fermionic limit we make use of these results here to draw attention to correlation effects for two special cases the spinpolarized 2d fermion system and the charged anyon system close to the bosonic limit by comparison with quantum montecarlo data for the former and exact results obtained in the hypernettedchain and bogolyubov approximations for the latter we can conclude on correlation effects which have their origin in the bosonic systems and come into play by using the anyon concept to our knowledge these correlations are not yet considered in the literature
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712.2766
Variational calculus with constraints on general algebroids
Variational calculus on a vector bundle E equipped with a structure of a general algebroid is developed, together with the corresponding analogs of Euler-Lagrange equations. Constrained systems are introduced in the variational and in the geometrical setting. The constrained Euler-Lagrange equations are derived for analogs of holonomic, vakonomic and nonholonomic constraints. This general model covers majority of first-order Lagrangian systems which are present in the literature and reduces to the standard variational calculus and the Euler-Lagrange equations in Classical Mechanics for E=TM.
math-ph math.DG math.MP
variational calculus on a vector bundle e equipped with a structure of a general algebroid is developed together with the corresponding analogs of eulerlagrange equations constrained systems are introduced in the variational and in the geometrical setting the constrained eulerlagrange equations are derived for analogs of holonomic vakonomic and nonholonomic constraints this general model covers majority of firstorder lagrangian systems which are present in the literature and reduces to the standard variational calculus and the eulerlagrange equations in classical mechanics for etm
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712.2767
Mesoscopic photon heat transistor
We show that the heat transport between two bodies, mediated by electromagnetic fluctuations, can be controlled with an intermediate quantum circuit - leading to the device concept Mesoscopic Photon Heat Transistor (MPHT). Our theoretical analysis is based on a novel Meir-Wingreen-Landauer type of conductance formula, which gives the photonic heat current through an arbitrary circuit element coupled to two dissipative reservoirs at finite temperatures. As an illustration we present an exact solution for the case when the intermediate circuit can be described as an electromagnetic resonator. We discuss in detail how the MPHT can be implemented experimentally in terms of a flux-controlled SQUID circuit.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.stat-mech
we show that the heat transport between two bodies mediated by electromagnetic fluctuations can be controlled with an intermediate quantum circuit leading to the device concept mesoscopic photon heat transistor mpht our theoretical analysis is based on a novel meirwingreenlandauer type of conductance formula which gives the photonic heat current through an arbitrary circuit element coupled to two dissipative reservoirs at finite temperatures as an illustration we present an exact solution for the case when the intermediate circuit can be described as an electromagnetic resonator we discuss in detail how the mpht can be implemented experimentally in terms of a fluxcontrolled squid circuit
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712.2768
Electrostatic charging of non-polar colloids by reverse micelles
Colloids dispersed in a non-polar solvent become charged when reverse micelles are added. We study the charge of individual sterically-stabilized poly(methyl methacrylate) spheres dispersed in micellar solutions of the surfactants sodium bis(2-ethyl 1-hexyl) sulfosuccinate [AOT], zirconyl 2-ethyl hexanoate [Zr(Oct)$_{2}$], and a copolymer of poly(12-hydroxystearic acid)--poly(methyl methacrylate) [PHSA-PMMA]. Although the sign of the particle charge is positive for Zr(Oct)$_{2}$, negative for AOT, and essentially neutral for PHSA-PMMA the different micellar systems display a number of common features. In particular, we demonstrate that, over a wide range of concentrations, the colloid charge is independent of the number of micelles added and scales linearly with the colloid size. A simple thermodynamic model, in which the particle charge is generated by the competitive adsorption of both positive and negative micelles, is in good agreement with the experimental data.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.mtrl-sci
colloids dispersed in a nonpolar solvent become charged when reverse micelles are added we study the charge of individual stericallystabilized polymethyl methacrylate spheres dispersed in micellar solutions of the surfactants sodium bis2ethyl 1hexyl sulfosuccinate aot zirconyl 2ethyl hexanoate zroct_2 and a copolymer of poly12hydroxystearic acidpolymethyl methacrylate phsapmma although the sign of the particle charge is positive for zroct_2 negative for aot and essentially neutral for phsapmma the different micellar systems display a number of common features in particular we demonstrate that over a wide range of concentrations the colloid charge is independent of the number of micelles added and scales linearly with the colloid size a simple thermodynamic model in which the particle charge is generated by the competitive adsorption of both positive and negative micelles is in good agreement with the experimental data
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712.2769
Many-Particle Quantum Cosmology
The Einstein-Friedmann Universe as whole quantum object can be treated as bosonic string mass groundstate, called a tachyon, having negative mass square and a speed more than the speed of light. I present a brief review of results obtained from this point of view called Many-Particle Quantum Gravity approach - the monodromy problem in the Fock space, thermodynamics of the Universe, and the extremal tachyon mass model.
hep-th gr-qc
the einsteinfriedmann universe as whole quantum object can be treated as bosonic string mass groundstate called a tachyon having negative mass square and a speed more than the speed of light i present a brief review of results obtained from this point of view called manyparticle quantum gravity approach the monodromy problem in the fock space thermodynamics of the universe and the extremal tachyon mass model
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712.277
Automatic generation of quarkonium amplitudes in NRQCD
We present a simple method to automatically evaluate arbitrary tree-level amplitudes involving the production or decay of a heavy quark pair QQbar in a generic {2S+1}L_J^[1,8] state, i.e., the short distance coefficients appearing in the NRQCD factorization formalism. Our approach is based on extracting the relevant contributions from the open heavy quark-antiquark amplitudes through an expansion with respect to the quark-antiquark relative momentum and the application of suitable color and spin projectors. To illustrate the capabilities of the method and its implementation in MadGraph a few applications to quarkonium collider phenomenology are presented.
hep-ph
we present a simple method to automatically evaluate arbitrary treelevel amplitudes involving the production or decay of a heavy quark pair qqbar in a generic 2s1l_j18 state ie the short distance coefficients appearing in the nrqcd factorization formalism our approach is based on extracting the relevant contributions from the open heavy quarkantiquark amplitudes through an expansion with respect to the quarkantiquark relative momentum and the application of suitable color and spin projectors to illustrate the capabilities of the method and its implementation in madgraph a few applications to quarkonium collider phenomenology are presented
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712.2771
Analysis of Kelly-optimal portfolios
We investigate the use of Kelly's strategy in the construction of an optimal portfolio of assets. For lognormally distributed asset returns, we derive approximate analytical results for the optimal investment fractions in various settings. We show that when mean returns and volatilities of the assets are small and there is no risk-free asset, the Kelly-optimal portfolio lies on Markowitz Efficient Frontier. Since in the investigated case the Kelly approach forbids short positions and borrowing, often only a small fraction of the available assets is included in the Kelly-optimal portfolio. This phenomenon, that we call condensation, is studied analytically in various model scenarios.
q-fin.PM physics.soc-ph
we investigate the use of kellys strategy in the construction of an optimal portfolio of assets for lognormally distributed asset returns we derive approximate analytical results for the optimal investment fractions in various settings we show that when mean returns and volatilities of the assets are small and there is no riskfree asset the kellyoptimal portfolio lies on markowitz efficient frontier since in the investigated case the kelly approach forbids short positions and borrowing often only a small fraction of the available assets is included in the kellyoptimal portfolio this phenomenon that we call condensation is studied analytically in various model scenarios
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712.2772
Low temperature mean opacities for the carbon-rich regime
Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars undergo a change in their chemical composition during their evolution. This in turn leads to an alteration of the radiative opacities, especially in the cool layers of the envelope and the atmosphere, where molecules are the dominant opacity sources. A key parameter in this respect is the number ratio of carbon to oxygen atoms (C/O). In terms of low temperature mean opacities, a variation of this parameter usually cannot be followed in stellar evolution models, because up to now tabulated values were only available for scaled solar metal mixtures (with C/O ~ 0.5). We thus present a set of newly generated tables containing Rosseland mean opacity coefficients covering both the oxygen-rich (C/O < 1) and the carbon-rich (C/O > 1) regime. We compare our values to existing tabular data and investigate the relevant molecular opacity contributors.
astro-ph
asymptotic giant branch agb stars undergo a change in their chemical composition during their evolution this in turn leads to an alteration of the radiative opacities especially in the cool layers of the envelope and the atmosphere where molecules are the dominant opacity sources a key parameter in this respect is the number ratio of carbon to oxygen atoms co in terms of low temperature mean opacities a variation of this parameter usually cannot be followed in stellar evolution models because up to now tabulated values were only available for scaled solar metal mixtures with co 05 we thus present a set of newly generated tables containing rosseland mean opacity coefficients covering both the oxygenrich co 1 and the carbonrich co 1 regime we compare our values to existing tabular data and investigate the relevant molecular opacity contributors
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712.2773
Middleware-based Database Replication: The Gaps between Theory and Practice
The need for high availability and performance in data management systems has been fueling a long running interest in database replication from both academia and industry. However, academic groups often attack replication problems in isolation, overlooking the need for completeness in their solutions, while commercial teams take a holistic approach that often misses opportunities for fundamental innovation. This has created over time a gap between academic research and industrial practice. This paper aims to characterize the gap along three axes: performance, availability, and administration. We build on our own experience developing and deploying replication systems in commercial and academic settings, as well as on a large body of prior related work. We sift through representative examples from the last decade of open-source, academic, and commercial database replication systems and combine this material with case studies from real systems deployed at Fortune 500 customers. We propose two agendas, one for academic research and one for industrial R&D, which we believe can bridge the gap within 5-10 years. This way, we hope to both motivate and help researchers in making the theory and practice of middleware-based database replication more relevant to each other.
cs.DB cs.DC cs.PF
the need for high availability and performance in data management systems has been fueling a long running interest in database replication from both academia and industry however academic groups often attack replication problems in isolation overlooking the need for completeness in their solutions while commercial teams take a holistic approach that often misses opportunities for fundamental innovation this has created over time a gap between academic research and industrial practice this paper aims to characterize the gap along three axes performance availability and administration we build on our own experience developing and deploying replication systems in commercial and academic settings as well as on a large body of prior related work we sift through representative examples from the last decade of opensource academic and commercial database replication systems and combine this material with case studies from real systems deployed at fortune 500 customers we propose two agendas one for academic research and one for industrial rd which we believe can bridge the gap within 510 years this way we hope to both motivate and help researchers in making the theory and practice of middlewarebased database replication more relevant to each other
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712.2774
Interaction of streamers in air and other oxygen-nitrogen mixtures
The interaction of streamers in nitrogen-oxygen mixtures such as air is studied. First, an efficient method for fully three-dimensional streamer simulations in multiprocessor machines is introduced. With its help, we find two competing mechanisms how two adjacent streamers can interact: through electrostatic repulsion and through attraction due to nonlocal photo-ionization. The non-intuitive effects of pressure and of the nitrogen-oxygen ratio are discussed. As photo-ionization is experimentally difficult to access, we finally suggest to measure it indirectly through streamer interactions.
physics.plasm-ph physics.ao-ph physics.flu-dyn
the interaction of streamers in nitrogenoxygen mixtures such as air is studied first an efficient method for fully threedimensional streamer simulations in multiprocessor machines is introduced with its help we find two competing mechanisms how two adjacent streamers can interact through electrostatic repulsion and through attraction due to nonlocal photoionization the nonintuitive effects of pressure and of the nitrogenoxygen ratio are discussed as photoionization is experimentally difficult to access we finally suggest to measure it indirectly through streamer interactions
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712.2775
Evidence for Tadpole Cancellation in the Topological String
We study the topological string on compact Calabi-Yau threefolds in the presence of orientifolds and D-branes. In examples, we find that the total topological string amplitude admits a BPS expansion only if the topological charge of the D-brane is equal to that of the orientifold plane. We interpret this as a manifestation of a general tadpole cancellation condition in the topological string that is necessary for decoupling of A- and B-model in loop amplitudes. Our calculations in the A-model involve an adapted version of existing localization techniques, and give predictions for the real enumerative geometry of higher genus curves in Calabi-Yau manifolds. In the B-model, we introduce an extension of the holomorphic anomaly equation to unoriented strings.
hep-th
we study the topological string on compact calabiyau threefolds in the presence of orientifolds and dbranes in examples we find that the total topological string amplitude admits a bps expansion only if the topological charge of the dbrane is equal to that of the orientifold plane we interpret this as a manifestation of a general tadpole cancellation condition in the topological string that is necessary for decoupling of a and bmodel in loop amplitudes our calculations in the amodel involve an adapted version of existing localization techniques and give predictions for the real enumerative geometry of higher genus curves in calabiyau manifolds in the bmodel we introduce an extension of the holomorphic anomaly equation to unoriented strings
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712.2776
Molecular tracers of high mass star-formation in external galaxies
Hot core molecules should be detectable in external active galaxies out to high redshift. We present here a detailed study of the chemistry of star-forming regions under physical conditions that differ significantly from those likely to be appropriate in the Milky Way Galaxy. We examine, in particular, the trends in molecular abundances as a function of time with respect to changes in the relevant physical parameters. These parameters include metallicity, dust:gas mass ratio, the H$_{2}$ formation rate, relative initial elemental abundances, the cosmic ray ionization rate, and the temperature of hot cores. These trends indicate how different tracers provide information on the physical conditions and on evolutionary age. We identify hot core tracers for several observed galaxies that are considered to represent spirals, active galaxies, low-metallicity galaxies, and high-redshift galaxies. Even in low-metallicity examples, many potential molecular tracers should be present at levels high enough to allow unresolved detection of active galaxies at high redshift containing large numbers of hot cores.
astro-ph
hot core molecules should be detectable in external active galaxies out to high redshift we present here a detailed study of the chemistry of starforming regions under physical conditions that differ significantly from those likely to be appropriate in the milky way galaxy we examine in particular the trends in molecular abundances as a function of time with respect to changes in the relevant physical parameters these parameters include metallicity dustgas mass ratio the h_2 formation rate relative initial elemental abundances the cosmic ray ionization rate and the temperature of hot cores these trends indicate how different tracers provide information on the physical conditions and on evolutionary age we identify hot core tracers for several observed galaxies that are considered to represent spirals active galaxies lowmetallicity galaxies and highredshift galaxies even in lowmetallicity examples many potential molecular tracers should be present at levels high enough to allow unresolved detection of active galaxies at high redshift containing large numbers of hot cores
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712.2777
Emergence of a Big Bang singularity in an exact string background
The origin of Big Bang singularity in 3+1 dimensions can be understood in an exact string theory background obtained by an analytic continuation of a cigar like geometry with a nontrivial dilaton. In a T-dual conformal field theory picture there exists a closed string tachyon potential which excises the singular space-time of a strongly coupled regime to ensure that a higher dimensional universe has no curvature singularity. However in 3+1 dimensions the universe exhibits all the pathology of a standard Big Bang cosmology. The emergence of a singularity now owes to a higher dimensional orbifold singularity which does not have a curvature singularity in higher dimensions, suggesting that close to the compactification scale an effective description of 3+1 dimensions breaks down and bouncing universe emerges in 5 and higher dimensions.
hep-th astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph
the origin of big bang singularity in 31 dimensions can be understood in an exact string theory background obtained by an analytic continuation of a cigar like geometry with a nontrivial dilaton in a tdual conformal field theory picture there exists a closed string tachyon potential which excises the singular spacetime of a strongly coupled regime to ensure that a higher dimensional universe has no curvature singularity however in 31 dimensions the universe exhibits all the pathology of a standard big bang cosmology the emergence of a singularity now owes to a higher dimensional orbifold singularity which does not have a curvature singularity in higher dimensions suggesting that close to the compactification scale an effective description of 31 dimensions breaks down and bouncing universe emerges in 5 and higher dimensions
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712.2778
Unification per the Relational Blockworld
We use the Relational Blockworld (RBW) interpretation of quantum mechanics to resolve the foundational problems therein. As predicted by Smolin, the resolution of these problems is not independent of the problem of unification and the nature of time. Specifically, RBW requires a theory fundamental to quantum physics in which one must explicitly construct dynamical/diachronic entities (objects obtained via trans-temporal identification) from 'relations'. We use discrete graph theory to propose heuristically the nature of this underlying theory, which is based on a self-consistency criterion for the mutual construct of dynamical/diachronic entities, space and time whence a spatiotemporally discrete action fundamental to the path integral approach to quantum and classical physics. The proposed unification scheme suggests a novel approach to quantum gravity.
quant-ph
we use the relational blockworld rbw interpretation of quantum mechanics to resolve the foundational problems therein as predicted by smolin the resolution of these problems is not independent of the problem of unification and the nature of time specifically rbw requires a theory fundamental to quantum physics in which one must explicitly construct dynamicaldiachronic entities objects obtained via transtemporal identification from relations we use discrete graph theory to propose heuristically the nature of this underlying theory which is based on a selfconsistency criterion for the mutual construct of dynamicaldiachronic entities space and time whence a spatiotemporally discrete action fundamental to the path integral approach to quantum and classical physics the proposed unification scheme suggests a novel approach to quantum gravity
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