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707.043
Assisted Problem Solving and Decompositions of Finite Automata
A study of assisted problem solving formalized via decompositions of deterministic finite automata is initiated. The landscape of new types of decompositions of finite automata this study uncovered is presented. Languages with various degrees of decomposability between undecomposable and perfectly decomposable are shown to exist.
cs.CC
a study of assisted problem solving formalized via decompositions of deterministic finite automata is initiated the landscape of new types of decompositions of finite automata this study uncovered is presented languages with various degrees of decomposability between undecomposable and perfectly decomposable are shown to exist
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707.0431
Wick ordering for coherent state quantization in 1+1 de Sitter space
We show that the coherent state quantization of massive particles in 1+1 de Sitter space exhibits an ordering property: There exist some classical observables $A$ and $A^*$ such that $O_{A^{*p}}O_{A^q}=O_{A^{*p} A^q}$ $p, q \in \Z$, where $O_A$ is the quantum observable corresponding to the classical observable $A$.
math-ph math.MP
we show that the coherent state quantization of massive particles in 11 de sitter space exhibits an ordering property there exist some classical observables a and a such that o_apo_aqo_ap aq p q in z where o_a is the quantum observable corresponding to the classical observable a
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707.0432
An algebraic proof of the commutativity of the intersection with divisors
We present a purely algebraic proof of the commutativity of the operation defined by intersection with divisors on the Chow group of a local Noetherian domain.
math.AC math.AG
we present a purely algebraic proof of the commutativity of the operation defined by intersection with divisors on the chow group of a local noetherian domain
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707.0433
Unstable Semiclassical Trajectories in Tunneling
Some tunneling phenomena are described, in the semiclassical approximation, by unstable complex trajectories. We develop a systematic procedure to stabilize the trajectories and to calculate the tunneling probability, including both the suppression exponent and prefactor. We find that the instability of tunneling solutions modifies the power-law dependence of the prefactor on h as compared to the case of stable solutions.
quant-ph cond-mat.stat-mech hep-th math-ph math.MP nlin.CD physics.chem-ph
some tunneling phenomena are described in the semiclassical approximation by unstable complex trajectories we develop a systematic procedure to stabilize the trajectories and to calculate the tunneling probability including both the suppression exponent and prefactor we find that the instability of tunneling solutions modifies the powerlaw dependence of the prefactor on h as compared to the case of stable solutions
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707.0434
Another generalization of Mason's ABC-theorem
We show a generalization of Mason's ABC-theorem, with the only conditions that the greatest common divisor has been divided out and no proper subsum of the (possibly multivariate) polynomial sum f_1 + f_2 + ... + f_n = 0 vanishes. As a result, we show that the generalized Fermat-Catalan equation for polynomials: g_1^{d_1} + g_1^{d_2} + ... + g_n^{d_n} = 0 has no non-constant solutions if the greatest common divisor of the terms equals one, no proper subsum vanishes and the hyperbolic sum 1/d_1 + 1/d_2 + ... + 1/d_n is at most 1/(n-2). Furthermore, we show that the generalized Fermat-equation for polynomials g_1^d + g_1^d + ... + g_n^d = 0 has no 'interesting' solutions if d >= n(n-2).
math.NT
we show a generalization of masons abctheorem with the only conditions that the greatest common divisor has been divided out and no proper subsum of the possibly multivariate polynomial sum f_1 f_2 f_n 0 vanishes as a result we show that the generalized fermatcatalan equation for polynomials g_1d_1 g_1d_2 g_nd_n 0 has no nonconstant solutions if the greatest common divisor of the terms equals one no proper subsum vanishes and the hyperbolic sum 1d_1 1d_2 1d_n is at most 1n2 furthermore we show that the generalized fermatequation for polynomials g_1d g_1d g_nd 0 has no interesting solutions if d nn2
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707.0435
Spectrally resolved optical frequency comb from a self-referenced 5 GHz femtosecond laser
We report a mode-locked Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser with 5GHz repetition rate. Spectral broadening of the 24 fs pulses in a microstructured fiber yields an octave-spanning spectrum and permits self-referencing and active stabilization of the emitted femtosecond laser frequency comb (FLFC). The individual modes of the 5GHz FLFC are resolved with a high-resolution spectrometer based on a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) spectral disperser. Isolation of single comb elements at a microwatt average power level is demonstrated. The combination of the high-power, frequency-stabilized 5GHz laser and the straightforward resolution of its many modes will benefit applications in direct frequency comb spectroscopy. Additionally, such a stabilized FLFC should serve as a useful tool for direct mode-by-mode Fourier synthesis of arbitrary optical waveforms.
physics.optics physics.atom-ph
we report a modelocked tisapphire femtosecond laser with 5ghz repetition rate spectral broadening of the 24 fs pulses in a microstructured fiber yields an octavespanning spectrum and permits selfreferencing and active stabilization of the emitted femtosecond laser frequency comb flfc the individual modes of the 5ghz flfc are resolved with a highresolution spectrometer based on a virtually imaged phased array vipa spectral disperser isolation of single comb elements at a microwatt average power level is demonstrated the combination of the highpower frequencystabilized 5ghz laser and the straightforward resolution of its many modes will benefit applications in direct frequency comb spectroscopy additionally such a stabilized flfc should serve as a useful tool for direct modebymode fourier synthesis of arbitrary optical waveforms
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707.0436
Multiparticle correlations and momentum conservation in nucleus-nucleus collisions
Particle correlations are very actively studied in heavy-ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies. Here, an attempt is made at determining a proper reference for such studies, by taking properly into account the multiparticle correlations induced by the conservation of total momentum in the collisions.
nucl-th
particle correlations are very actively studied in heavyion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies here an attempt is made at determining a proper reference for such studies by taking properly into account the multiparticle correlations induced by the conservation of total momentum in the collisions
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707.0437
Modular Abelian Variety of Odd Modular Degree
We will study modular Abelian varieties with odd congruence numbers, by studying the cuspidal subgroup of $J_0(N)$. We show the conductor of such Abelian varieties must be of a special type, for example if $N$ is odd then $N=p^\alpha$ or $N=pq$ for some prime $p$ and $q$. We then focus our attention to modular elliptic curves, and using result of Agashe, Ribet, and Stein, we try to classify all elliptic curves of odd modular degree. Our studies prove many cases of the Stein and Watkins's conjecture on elliptic curves with odd modular degree.
math.NT
we will study modular abelian varieties with odd congruence numbers by studying the cuspidal subgroup of j_0n we show the conductor of such abelian varieties must be of a special type for example if n is odd then npalpha or npq for some prime p and q we then focus our attention to modular elliptic curves and using result of agashe ribet and stein we try to classify all elliptic curves of odd modular degree our studies prove many cases of the stein and watkinss conjecture on elliptic curves with odd modular degree
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707.0438
High Performance Direct Gravitational N-body Simulations on Graphics Processing Units -- II: An implementation in CUDA
We present the results of gravitational direct $N$-body simulations using the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) on a commercial NVIDIA GeForce 8800GTX designed for gaming computers. The force evaluation of the $N$-body problem is implemented in ``Compute Unified Device Architecture'' (CUDA) using the GPU to speed-up the calculations. We tested the implementation on three different $N$-body codes: two direct $N$-body integration codes, using the 4th order predictor-corrector Hermite integrator with block time-steps, and one Barnes-Hut treecode, which uses a 2nd order leapfrog integration scheme. The integration of the equations of motions for all codes is performed on the host CPU. We find that for $N > 512$ particles the GPU outperforms the GRAPE-6Af, if some softening in the force calculation is accepted. Without softening and for very small integration time steps the GRAPE still outperforms the GPU. We conclude that modern GPUs offer an attractive alternative to GRAPE-6Af special purpose hardware. Using the same time-step criterion, the total energy of the $N$-body system was conserved better than to one in $10^6$ on the GPU, only about an order of magnitude worse than obtained with GRAPE-6Af. For $N \apgt 10^5$ the 8800GTX outperforms the host CPU by a factor of about 100 and runs at about the same speed as the GRAPE-6Af.
astro-ph physics.comp-ph
we present the results of gravitational direct nbody simulations using the graphics processing unit gpu on a commercial nvidia geforce 8800gtx designed for gaming computers the force evaluation of the nbody problem is implemented in compute unified device architecture cuda using the gpu to speedup the calculations we tested the implementation on three different nbody codes two direct nbody integration codes using the 4th order predictorcorrector hermite integrator with block timesteps and one barneshut treecode which uses a 2nd order leapfrog integration scheme the integration of the equations of motions for all codes is performed on the host cpu we find that for n 512 particles the gpu outperforms the grape6af if some softening in the force calculation is accepted without softening and for very small integration time steps the grape still outperforms the gpu we conclude that modern gpus offer an attractive alternative to grape6af special purpose hardware using the same timestep criterion the total energy of the nbody system was conserved better than to one in 106 on the gpu only about an order of magnitude worse than obtained with grape6af for n apgt 105 the 8800gtx outperforms the host cpu by a factor of about 100 and runs at about the same speed as the grape6af
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707.0439
Work and heat probability distribution of an optically driven Brownian particle: Theory and experiments
We analyze the equations governing the evolution of distributions of the work and the heat exchanged with the environment by a manipulated stochastic system, by means of a compact and general derivation. We obtain explicit solutions for these equations for the case of a dragged Brownian particle in a harmonic potential. We successfully compare the resulting predictions with the outcomes of experiments, consisting in dragging a micron-sized colloidal particle through water with a laser trap.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.soft
we analyze the equations governing the evolution of distributions of the work and the heat exchanged with the environment by a manipulated stochastic system by means of a compact and general derivation we obtain explicit solutions for these equations for the case of a dragged brownian particle in a harmonic potential we successfully compare the resulting predictions with the outcomes of experiments consisting in dragging a micronsized colloidal particle through water with a laser trap
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707.044
Lagrangian Particle Statistics in Turbulent Flows from a Simple Vortex Model
The statistics of Lagrangian particles in turbulent flows is considered in the framework of a simple vortex model. Here, the turbulent velocity field is represented by a temporal sequence of Burgers vortices of different circulation, strain, and orientation. Based on suitable assumptions about the vortices' statistical properties, the statistics of the velocity increments is derived. In particular, the origin and nature of small-scale intermittency in this model is investigated both numerically and analytically.
physics.flu-dyn
the statistics of lagrangian particles in turbulent flows is considered in the framework of a simple vortex model here the turbulent velocity field is represented by a temporal sequence of burgers vortices of different circulation strain and orientation based on suitable assumptions about the vortices statistical properties the statistics of the velocity increments is derived in particular the origin and nature of smallscale intermittency in this model is investigated both numerically and analytically
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707.0441
Kelvon-roton instability of vortex lines in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates
The physics of vortex lines in dipolar condensates is studied. Due to the nonlocality of the dipolar interaction, the 3D character of the vortex plays a more important role in dipolar gases than in typical short-range interacting ones. In particular, the dipolar interaction significantly affects the stability of the transverse modes of the vortex line. Remarkably, in the presence of a periodic potential along the vortex line, a roton minimum may develop in the spectrum of transverse modes. We discuss the appropriate conditions at which this roton minimum may eventually lead to an instability of the straight vortex line, opening new scenarios for vortices in dipolar gases.
cond-mat.other
the physics of vortex lines in dipolar condensates is studied due to the nonlocality of the dipolar interaction the 3d character of the vortex plays a more important role in dipolar gases than in typical shortrange interacting ones in particular the dipolar interaction significantly affects the stability of the transverse modes of the vortex line remarkably in the presence of a periodic potential along the vortex line a roton minimum may develop in the spectrum of transverse modes we discuss the appropriate conditions at which this roton minimum may eventually lead to an instability of the straight vortex line opening new scenarios for vortices in dipolar gases
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707.0442
Dyson's non-intersecting Brownian motions with a few outliers
Consider n non-intersecting particles on the real line (Dyson Brownian motions), all starting from the origin at time=0, and forced to return to x=0 at time=1. For large n, the average mean density of particles has its support, for each 0<t<1, within the interior of an ellipse. The Airy process is defined as the motion of these non-intersecting Brownian motions for large n, but viewed from an arbitrary point on the ellipse with an appropriate space-time rescaling. Assume now a finite number r of these particles are forced to a different target point. Does it affect the Brownian fluctuations along the ellipse for large n? In this paper, we show that no new process appears as long as one considers points on the ellipse, for which the t-coordinate is smaller than the t-coordinate of the point of tangency of the tangent to the curve passing through the target point. At this point of tangency the fluctuations obey a new statistics: the Airy process with r outliers (in short: {\bf r-Airy process}). The log of the transition probability of this new process is given by the Fredholm determinant of a new kernel (extending the Airy kernel) and it satisfies a non-linear PDE in x and the time.
math.PR math-ph math.MP
consider n nonintersecting particles on the real line dyson brownian motions all starting from the origin at time0 and forced to return to x0 at time1 for large n the average mean density of particles has its support for each 0t1 within the interior of an ellipse the airy process is defined as the motion of these nonintersecting brownian motions for large n but viewed from an arbitrary point on the ellipse with an appropriate spacetime rescaling assume now a finite number r of these particles are forced to a different target point does it affect the brownian fluctuations along the ellipse for large n in this paper we show that no new process appears as long as one considers points on the ellipse for which the tcoordinate is smaller than the tcoordinate of the point of tangency of the tangent to the curve passing through the target point at this point of tangency the fluctuations obey a new statistics the airy process with r outliers in short bf rairy process the log of the transition probability of this new process is given by the fredholm determinant of a new kernel extending the airy kernel and it satisfies a nonlinear pde in x and the time
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707.0443
On a possible interpretation of fusion in Stochastic Loewner Evolution
We suggest how to give a physical interpretation of Stochastic Loewner Evolution traces approaching a marked point in the upper half plane. We show that this may be related to the fusion of boundary with bulk fields in Conformal Field Theory by taking a look at the probability of such an event.
hep-th math-ph math.MP
we suggest how to give a physical interpretation of stochastic loewner evolution traces approaching a marked point in the upper half plane we show that this may be related to the fusion of boundary with bulk fields in conformal field theory by taking a look at the probability of such an event
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707.0444
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for the Trumping Relation
Entanglement catalysis allows one to convert certain entangled states into others by the temporary involvement of another entangled state (so-called catalyst), where after the conversion the catalyst is returned to the same state. For bipartite pure entangled states that can be transformed in this way with unit probability, the respective Schmidt coefficients are said to satisfy the trumping relation, a mathematical relation which is an extension of the majorization relation. This article provides all necessary and sufficient conditions for the trumping relation in terms of the Schmidt coefficients. The coefficients should satisfy strict inequalities for the entropy of entanglement and for power means excluding the special power 1.
quant-ph
entanglement catalysis allows one to convert certain entangled states into others by the temporary involvement of another entangled state socalled catalyst where after the conversion the catalyst is returned to the same state for bipartite pure entangled states that can be transformed in this way with unit probability the respective schmidt coefficients are said to satisfy the trumping relation a mathematical relation which is an extension of the majorization relation this article provides all necessary and sufficient conditions for the trumping relation in terms of the schmidt coefficients the coefficients should satisfy strict inequalities for the entropy of entanglement and for power means excluding the special power 1
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707.0445
Rubinstein distance on configurations spaces
By a method inspired of the Stein's method, we derive an upper-bound of the Rubinstein distance between two absolutely continuous probability measures on configurations space. As an application, we show that the best way to approximate a Modulated Poisson Process (see below for the definition) by a Poisson process is to equate their intensity.
math.PR
by a method inspired of the steins method we derive an upperbound of the rubinstein distance between two absolutely continuous probability measures on configurations space as an application we show that the best way to approximate a modulated poisson process see below for the definition by a poisson process is to equate their intensity
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707.0446
$B \to K_1(1270) (\to \rho K) \ell^+ \ell^-$ in LEET
Flavour Changing Neutral Current decays of the $B$-meson are a very useful tool for studying possible physics scenarios beyond the Standard Model (SM), where of the many FCNC modes radiative, purely leptonic and semi-leptonic decays of the $B$-meson are relatively clean tests. Within this context the BELLE collaboration has searched for the $B \to K_1(1270) \gamma$ process and provided an upper bound on this decay. In this work we have used this upper bound in studying the angular coorelations for the related semi-leptonic decay mode $B \to K_1(1270) (\to \rho K) \ell^+ \ell^-$, where we have used the form factors that have already been estimated for the $B \to K_1(1270) \gamma$ mode. Note that the additional form factors that are required were calculated using the Large Energy Effective Theory (LEET).
hep-ph
flavour changing neutral current decays of the bmeson are a very useful tool for studying possible physics scenarios beyond the standard model sm where of the many fcnc modes radiative purely leptonic and semileptonic decays of the bmeson are relatively clean tests within this context the belle collaboration has searched for the b to k_11270 gamma process and provided an upper bound on this decay in this work we have used this upper bound in studying the angular coorelations for the related semileptonic decay mode b to k_11270 to rho k ell ell where we have used the form factors that have already been estimated for the b to k_11270 gamma mode note that the additional form factors that are required were calculated using the large energy effective theory leet
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707.0447
Subrings which are closed with respect to taking the inverse
Let S be a subring of the ring R. We investigate the question of whether S intersected by U(R) is equal to U(S) holds for the units. In many situations our answer is positive. There is a special emphasis on the case when R is a full matrix ring and S is a structural subring of R defined by a reflexive and transitive relation.
math.RA
let s be a subring of the ring r we investigate the question of whether s intersected by ur is equal to us holds for the units in many situations our answer is positive there is a special emphasis on the case when r is a full matrix ring and s is a structural subring of r defined by a reflexive and transitive relation
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707.0448
Precision measurement of the $3d \to 2p$ x-ray energy in kaonic $^4$He
We have measured the Balmer-series x-rays of kaonic $^4$He atoms using novel large-area silicon drift x-ray detectors in order to study the low-energy $\bar{K}$-nucleus strong interaction. The energy of the $3d \to 2p$ transition was determined to be 6467 $\pm$ 3 (stat) $\pm$ 2 (syst) eV. The resulting strong-interaction energy-level shift is in agreement with theoretical calculations, thus eliminating a long-standing discrepancy between theory and experiment.
nucl-ex
we have measured the balmerseries xrays of kaonic 4he atoms using novel largearea silicon drift xray detectors in order to study the lowenergy barknucleus strong interaction the energy of the 3d to 2p transition was determined to be 6467 pm 3 stat pm 2 syst ev the resulting stronginteraction energylevel shift is in agreement with theoretical calculations thus eliminating a longstanding discrepancy between theory and experiment
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707.0449
Optical spectroscopy of the low mass X-ray binary GX9+9
Phase-resolved medium resolution VLT spectroscopy of the low mass X-ray binary GX9+9 has revealed narrow CIII emission lines that move in phase relative to our new estimate of the ephemeris, and show a velocity amplitude of 230+/-35 km/s. We identify the origin of these lines as coming from the surface of the donor star, thereby providing the first estimate of the mass function of f(M_1)>=0.22M_sun. Rotational broadening estimates together with assumptions for the mass donor give 0.07<q<0.35 and 182<K_2<406 km/s. Despite a low mass ratio, there is no evidence for a superhump in our dataset. Doppler maps of GX9+9 show the presence of a stream overflow, either in the form of material flowing downward along the accretion disk rim or in a similar fashion as occurs in high mass transfer rate cataclysmic variables known as the SW Sex stars. Finally we note that the Bowen region in GX9+9 is dominated by CIII instead of NIII emission as has been the case for most other X-ray binaries.
astro-ph
phaseresolved medium resolution vlt spectroscopy of the low mass xray binary gx99 has revealed narrow ciii emission lines that move in phase relative to our new estimate of the ephemeris and show a velocity amplitude of 23035 kms we identify the origin of these lines as coming from the surface of the donor star thereby providing the first estimate of the mass function of fm_1022m_sun rotational broadening estimates together with assumptions for the mass donor give 007q035 and 182k_2406 kms despite a low mass ratio there is no evidence for a superhump in our dataset doppler maps of gx99 show the presence of a stream overflow either in the form of material flowing downward along the accretion disk rim or in a similar fashion as occurs in high mass transfer rate cataclysmic variables known as the sw sex stars finally we note that the bowen region in gx99 is dominated by ciii instead of niii emission as has been the case for most other xray binaries
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707.045
Large Negative Thermal Expansion in Pentacene due to Steric Hindrance
The uniaxial negative thermal expansion in pentacene crystals along $a$ is a particularity in the series of the oligoacenes, and exeptionally large for a crystalline solid. Full x-ray structure analysis from 120 K to 413 K reveals that the dominant thermal motion is a libration of the rigid molecules about their long axes, modifying the intermolecular angle which describes the herringbone packing within the layers. This herringbone angle increases with temperature (by 0.3 -- 0.6$^{\circ}$ per 100 K), and causes an anisotropic rearrangement of the molecules within the layers, i.e. an expansion in the $b$ direction, and a distinct contraction along $a$. Additionally, a larger herringbone angle improves the cofacial overlap between adjacent, parallel molecules, and thus enhances the attractive van der Waals forces.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
the uniaxial negative thermal expansion in pentacene crystals along a is a particularity in the series of the oligoacenes and exeptionally large for a crystalline solid full xray structure analysis from 120 k to 413 k reveals that the dominant thermal motion is a libration of the rigid molecules about their long axes modifying the intermolecular angle which describes the herringbone packing within the layers this herringbone angle increases with temperature by 03 06circ per 100 k and causes an anisotropic rearrangement of the molecules within the layers ie an expansion in the b direction and a distinct contraction along a additionally a larger herringbone angle improves the cofacial overlap between adjacent parallel molecules and thus enhances the attractive van der waals forces
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707.0451
Robust and efficient generator of almost maximal multipartite entanglement
Quantum chaotic maps can efficiently generate pseudo-random states carrying almost maximal multipartite entanglement, as characterized by the probability distribution of bipartite entanglement between all possible bipartitions of the system. We show that such multipartite entanglement is robust, in the sense that, when realistic noise is considered, distillable entanglement of bipartitions remains almost maximal up to a noise strength that drops only polynomially with the number of qubits.
quant-ph
quantum chaotic maps can efficiently generate pseudorandom states carrying almost maximal multipartite entanglement as characterized by the probability distribution of bipartite entanglement between all possible bipartitions of the system we show that such multipartite entanglement is robust in the sense that when realistic noise is considered distillable entanglement of bipartitions remains almost maximal up to a noise strength that drops only polynomially with the number of qubits
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707.0452
Instanton representation of Plebanski gravity: IX. Hamiltonian minisuperspace dynamics in undensitized momentum space variables
In this paper we illustrate the dynamics of the instanton representation in the description of vacuum GR in minisuperspace for undensitized variables. We uncover a new class of general solutions in both the degenerate and the nondegenerate sectors of the theory. Additionally, the individual sectors are preserved under Hamiltonian evolution. Finally, we present an algorithm for constructing general solutions by expansion about the isotropic sector.
gr-qc
in this paper we illustrate the dynamics of the instanton representation in the description of vacuum gr in minisuperspace for undensitized variables we uncover a new class of general solutions in both the degenerate and the nondegenerate sectors of the theory additionally the individual sectors are preserved under hamiltonian evolution finally we present an algorithm for constructing general solutions by expansion about the isotropic sector
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707.0453
Bose-Einstein condensates under a spatially-modulated transverse confinement
We derive an effective nonpolynomial Schrodinger equation (NPSE) for self-repulsive or attractive BEC in the nearly-1D cigar-shaped trap, with the transverse confining frequency periodically modulated along the axial direction. Besides the usual linear cigar-shaped trap, where the periodic modulation emulates the action of an optical lattice (OL), the model may be also relevant to toroidal traps, where an ordinary OL cannot be created. For either sign of the nonlinearity, extended and localized states are found, in the numerical form (using both the effective NPSE and the full 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equation) and by means of the variational approximation (VA). The latter is applied to construct ground-state solitons and predict the collapse threshold in the case of self-attraction. It is shown that numerical solutions provided by the one-dimensional NPSE are always very close to full 3D solutions, and the VA yields quite reasonable results too. The transition from delocalized states to gap solitons, in the first finite bandgap of the linear spectrum, is examined in detail, for the repulsive and attractive nonlinearities alike.
cond-mat.other
we derive an effective nonpolynomial schrodinger equation npse for selfrepulsive or attractive bec in the nearly1d cigarshaped trap with the transverse confining frequency periodically modulated along the axial direction besides the usual linear cigarshaped trap where the periodic modulation emulates the action of an optical lattice ol the model may be also relevant to toroidal traps where an ordinary ol cannot be created for either sign of the nonlinearity extended and localized states are found in the numerical form using both the effective npse and the full 3d grosspitaevskii equation and by means of the variational approximation va the latter is applied to construct groundstate solitons and predict the collapse threshold in the case of selfattraction it is shown that numerical solutions provided by the onedimensional npse are always very close to full 3d solutions and the va yields quite reasonable results too the transition from delocalized states to gap solitons in the first finite bandgap of the linear spectrum is examined in detail for the repulsive and attractive nonlinearities alike
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707.0454
Optimal Strategies for Gaussian Jamming in Block-Fading Channels under Delay and Power Constraints
Without assuming any knowledge on source's codebook and its output signals, we formulate a Gaussian jamming problem in block fading channels as a two-player zero sum game. The outage probability is adopted as an objective function, over which transmitter aims at minimization and jammer aims at maximization by selecting their power control strategies. Optimal power control strategies for each player are obtained under both short-term and long-term power constraints. For the latter case, we first prove the non-existence of a Nash equilibrium, and then provide a complete solution for both maxmin and minimax problems. Numerical results demonstrate a sharp difference between the outage probabilities of the minimax and maxmin solutions.
cs.IT math.IT
without assuming any knowledge on sources codebook and its output signals we formulate a gaussian jamming problem in block fading channels as a twoplayer zero sum game the outage probability is adopted as an objective function over which transmitter aims at minimization and jammer aims at maximization by selecting their power control strategies optimal power control strategies for each player are obtained under both shortterm and longterm power constraints for the latter case we first prove the nonexistence of a nash equilibrium and then provide a complete solution for both maxmin and minimax problems numerical results demonstrate a sharp difference between the outage probabilities of the minimax and maxmin solutions
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707.0455
Strings and D-branes in a supersymmetric magnetic flux background
We investigate how the presence of RR magnetic $F_{p+2}$ fluxes affects the energy of classical Dp branes, for specific string theory supersymmetric backgrounds which are solutions to the leading order in $\alpha'$ including back-reaction effects. The Dp brane dynamics is found to be similar to the well known dynamics of particles and strings moving in magnetic fields. We find a class of BPS solutions which generalize the BPS fundamental strings or BPS branes with momentum and winding to the case of non-zero magnetic fields. Remarkably, the interaction with the magnetic fields does not spoil the supersymmetry of the solution, which turns out to be invariant under four supersymmetry transformations. We find that magnetic fields can significantly reduce the energy of some BPS strings and Dp branes, in particular, some macroscopic Dp branes become light for sufficiently large magnetic fields.
hep-th
we investigate how the presence of rr magnetic f_p2 fluxes affects the energy of classical dp branes for specific string theory supersymmetric backgrounds which are solutions to the leading order in alpha including backreaction effects the dp brane dynamics is found to be similar to the well known dynamics of particles and strings moving in magnetic fields we find a class of bps solutions which generalize the bps fundamental strings or bps branes with momentum and winding to the case of nonzero magnetic fields remarkably the interaction with the magnetic fields does not spoil the supersymmetry of the solution which turns out to be invariant under four supersymmetry transformations we find that magnetic fields can significantly reduce the energy of some bps strings and dp branes in particular some macroscopic dp branes become light for sufficiently large magnetic fields
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707.0456
Blocking: New examples and properties of products
We say that a pair of points x and y is secure if there exist a finite set of blocking points such that any geodesic between x and y passes through one of the blocking points. The main point of this paper is to exhibit new examples of blocking phenomena both in the manifold and the billiard table setting. As an approach to this, we study if the product of secure configurations (or manifolds) is also secure. We introduce the concept of midpoint security that imposes that the geodesic reaches a blocking point exactly at its midpoint. We prove that products of midpoint secure configurations are midpoint secure. On the other hand, we give an example of a compact C^1 surface that contains secure configurations that are not midpoint secure. This surface provides the first example of an insecure product of secure configurations, as well as billiard table examples.
math.DG math.DS
we say that a pair of points x and y is secure if there exist a finite set of blocking points such that any geodesic between x and y passes through one of the blocking points the main point of this paper is to exhibit new examples of blocking phenomena both in the manifold and the billiard table setting as an approach to this we study if the product of secure configurations or manifolds is also secure we introduce the concept of midpoint security that imposes that the geodesic reaches a blocking point exactly at its midpoint we prove that products of midpoint secure configurations are midpoint secure on the other hand we give an example of a compact c1 surface that contains secure configurations that are not midpoint secure this surface provides the first example of an insecure product of secure configurations as well as billiard table examples
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707.0457
Density of critical points for a Gaussian random function
Critical points of a scalar quantitiy are either extremal points or saddle points. The character of the critical points is determined by the sign distribution of the eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix. For a two-dimensional homogeneous and isotropic random function topological arguments are sufficient to show that all possible sign combinations are equidistributed or with other words, the density of the saddle points and extrema agree. This argument breaks down in three dimensions. All ratios of the densities of saddle points and extrema larger than one are possible. For a homogeneous Gaussian random field one finds no longer an equidistribution of signs, saddle points are slightly more frequent.
physics.flu-dyn
critical points of a scalar quantitiy are either extremal points or saddle points the character of the critical points is determined by the sign distribution of the eigenvalues of the hessian matrix for a twodimensional homogeneous and isotropic random function topological arguments are sufficient to show that all possible sign combinations are equidistributed or with other words the density of the saddle points and extrema agree this argument breaks down in three dimensions all ratios of the densities of saddle points and extrema larger than one are possible for a homogeneous gaussian random field one finds no longer an equidistribution of signs saddle points are slightly more frequent
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707.0458
Number fluctuations in cold quantum gases
In ultracold gases many experiments use atom imaging as a basic observable. The resulting image is averaged over a number of realizations and mostly only this average is used. Only recently the noise has been measured to extract physical information. In the present paper we investigate the quantum noise arising in these gases at zero temperature. We restrict ourselves to the homogeneous situation and study the fluctuations in particle number found within a given volume in the gas, and more specifically inside a sphere of radius $R$. We show that zero-temperature fluctuations are not extensive and the leading term scales with sphere radius $R$ as $R^2\ln R$ (or $\ln R$) in three- (or one-) dimensional systems. We calculate systematically the next term beyond this leading order. We consider first the generic case of a compressible superfluid. Then we investigate the whole Bose-Einstein-condensation (BEC)-BCS crossover crossover, and in particular the limiting cases of the weakly interacting Bose gas and of the free Fermi gas.
cond-mat.stat-mech
in ultracold gases many experiments use atom imaging as a basic observable the resulting image is averaged over a number of realizations and mostly only this average is used only recently the noise has been measured to extract physical information in the present paper we investigate the quantum noise arising in these gases at zero temperature we restrict ourselves to the homogeneous situation and study the fluctuations in particle number found within a given volume in the gas and more specifically inside a sphere of radius r we show that zerotemperature fluctuations are not extensive and the leading term scales with sphere radius r as r2ln r or ln r in three or one dimensional systems we calculate systematically the next term beyond this leading order we consider first the generic case of a compressible superfluid then we investigate the whole boseeinsteincondensation becbcs crossover crossover and in particular the limiting cases of the weakly interacting bose gas and of the free fermi gas
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707.0459
Physical Network Coding in Two-Way Wireless Relay Channels
It has recently been recognized that the wireless networks represent a fertile ground for devising communication modes based on network coding. A particularly suitable application of the network coding arises for the two--way relay channels, where two nodes communicate with each other assisted by using a third, relay node. Such a scenario enables application of \emph{physical network coding}, where the network coding is either done (a) jointly with the channel coding or (b) through physical combining of the communication flows over the multiple access channel. In this paper we first group the existing schemes for physical network coding into two generic schemes, termed 3--step and 2--step scheme, respectively. We investigate the conditions for maximization of the two--way rate for each individual scheme: (1) the Decode--and--Forward (DF) 3--step schemes (2) three different schemes with two steps: Amplify--and--Forward (AF), JDF and Denoise--and--Forward (DNF). While the DNF scheme has a potential to offer the best two--way rate, the most interesting result of the paper is that, for some SNR configurations of the source--relay links, JDF yields identical maximal two--way rate as the upper bound on the rate for DNF.
cs.IT cs.NI math.IT
it has recently been recognized that the wireless networks represent a fertile ground for devising communication modes based on network coding a particularly suitable application of the network coding arises for the twoway relay channels where two nodes communicate with each other assisted by using a third relay node such a scenario enables application of emphphysical network coding where the network coding is either done a jointly with the channel coding or b through physical combining of the communication flows over the multiple access channel in this paper we first group the existing schemes for physical network coding into two generic schemes termed 3step and 2step scheme respectively we investigate the conditions for maximization of the twoway rate for each individual scheme 1 the decodeandforward df 3step schemes 2 three different schemes with two steps amplifyandforward af jdf and denoiseandforward dnf while the dnf scheme has a potential to offer the best twoway rate the most interesting result of the paper is that for some snr configurations of the sourcerelay links jdf yields identical maximal twoway rate as the upper bound on the rate for dnf
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707.046
Gaussian potentials facilitate access to quantum Hall states in rotating Bose gases
Through exact numerical diagonalization for small numbers of atoms, we show that it is possible to access quantum Hall states in harmonically confined Bose gases at rotation frequencies well below the centrifugal limit by applying a repulsive Gaussian potential at the trap center. The main idea is to reduce or eliminate the effective trapping frequency in regions where the particle density is appreciable. The critical rotation frequency required to obtain the bosonic Laughlin state can be fixed at an experimentally accessible value by choosing an applied Gaussian whose amplitude increases linearly with the number of atoms while its width increases as the square root.
cond-mat.mes-hall
through exact numerical diagonalization for small numbers of atoms we show that it is possible to access quantum hall states in harmonically confined bose gases at rotation frequencies well below the centrifugal limit by applying a repulsive gaussian potential at the trap center the main idea is to reduce or eliminate the effective trapping frequency in regions where the particle density is appreciable the critical rotation frequency required to obtain the bosonic laughlin state can be fixed at an experimentally accessible value by choosing an applied gaussian whose amplitude increases linearly with the number of atoms while its width increases as the square root
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707.0461
High charge-carrier mobility and low trap density in a rubrene derivative
We have synthesized, crystallized and studied the structural and electric transport properties of organic molecular crystals based on a rubrene derivative with {\em t}-butyl sidegroups at the 5,11 positions. Two crystalline modifications are observed: one (A) distinct from that of rubrene with larger spacings between the naphtacene backbones, the other (B) with a in-plane structure presumably very similar compared to rubrene. The electric transport properties reflect the different structures: in the latter phase (B) the in-plane hole mobility of 12 cm$^2$/Vs measured on single crystal FETs is just as high as in rubrene crystals, while in the A phase no field-effect could be measured. The high crystal quality, studied in detail for B, reflects itself in the density of gap states: The deep-level trap density as low as $10^{15}$ cm$^{-3}$ eV$^{-1}$ has been measured, and an exponential band tail with a characteristic energy of 22 meV is observed. The bulk mobility perpendicular to the molecular planes is estimated to be of order of $10^{-3}$ -- $10^{-1}$ cm$^2$/Vs.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we have synthesized crystallized and studied the structural and electric transport properties of organic molecular crystals based on a rubrene derivative with em tbutyl sidegroups at the 511 positions two crystalline modifications are observed one a distinct from that of rubrene with larger spacings between the naphtacene backbones the other b with a inplane structure presumably very similar compared to rubrene the electric transport properties reflect the different structures in the latter phase b the inplane hole mobility of 12 cm2vs measured on single crystal fets is just as high as in rubrene crystals while in the a phase no fieldeffect could be measured the high crystal quality studied in detail for b reflects itself in the density of gap states the deeplevel trap density as low as 1015 cm3 ev1 has been measured and an exponential band tail with a characteristic energy of 22 mev is observed the bulk mobility perpendicular to the molecular planes is estimated to be of order of 103 101 cm2vs
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707.0462
M-estimation of Boolean models for particle flow experiments
Probability models are proposed for passage time data collected in experiments with a device designed to measure particle flow during aerial application of fertilizer. Maximum likelihood estimation of flow intensity is reviewed for the simple linear Boolean model, which arises with the assumption that each particle requires the same known passage time. M-estimation is developed for a generalization of the model in which passage times behave as a random sample from a distribution with a known mean. The generalized model improves fit in these experiments. An estimator of total particle flow is constructed by conditioning on lengths of multi-particle clumps.
stat.AP
probability models are proposed for passage time data collected in experiments with a device designed to measure particle flow during aerial application of fertilizer maximum likelihood estimation of flow intensity is reviewed for the simple linear boolean model which arises with the assumption that each particle requires the same known passage time mestimation is developed for a generalization of the model in which passage times behave as a random sample from a distribution with a known mean the generalized model improves fit in these experiments an estimator of total particle flow is constructed by conditioning on lengths of multiparticle clumps
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707.0463
Blind Estimation of Multiple Carrier Frequency Offsets
Multiple carrier-frequency offsets (CFO) arise in a distributed antenna system, where data are transmitted simultaneously from multiple antennas. In such systems the received signal contains multiple CFOs due to mismatch between the local oscillators of transmitters and receiver. This results in a time-varying rotation of the data constellation, which needs to be compensated for at the receiver before symbol recovery. This paper proposes a new approach for blind CFO estimation and symbol recovery. The received base-band signal is over-sampled, and its polyphase components are used to formulate a virtual Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) problem. By applying blind MIMO system estimation techniques, the system response is estimated and used to subsequently transform the multiple CFOs estimation problem into many independent single CFO estimation problems. Furthermore, an initial estimate of the CFO is obtained from the phase of the MIMO system response. The Cramer-Rao Lower bound is also derived, and the large sample performance of the proposed estimator is compared to the bound.
cs.IT math.IT
multiple carrierfrequency offsets cfo arise in a distributed antenna system where data are transmitted simultaneously from multiple antennas in such systems the received signal contains multiple cfos due to mismatch between the local oscillators of transmitters and receiver this results in a timevarying rotation of the data constellation which needs to be compensated for at the receiver before symbol recovery this paper proposes a new approach for blind cfo estimation and symbol recovery the received baseband signal is oversampled and its polyphase components are used to formulate a virtual multipleinput multipleoutput mimo problem by applying blind mimo system estimation techniques the system response is estimated and used to subsequently transform the multiple cfos estimation problem into many independent single cfo estimation problems furthermore an initial estimate of the cfo is obtained from the phase of the mimo system response the cramerrao lower bound is also derived and the large sample performance of the proposed estimator is compared to the bound
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707.0464
Far Infrared Prperties of M Dwarfs
We report the mid- and far-infrared properties of nearby M dwarfs. Spitzer/MIPS measurements were obtained for a sample of 62 stars at 24 um, with subsamples of 41 and 20 stars observed at 70 um and 160 um respectively. We compare the results with current models of M star photospheres and look for indications of circumstellar dust in the form of significant deviations of K-[24 um] colors and 70 um / 24 um flux ratios from the average M star values. At 24 um, all 62 of the targets were detected; 70 um detections were achieved for 20 targets in the subsample observed; and no detections were seen in the 160 um subsample. No clear far-infrared excesses were detected in our sample. The average far infrared excess relative to the photospheric emission of the M stars is at least four times smaller than the similar average for a sample of solar-type stars. However, this limit allows the average fractional infrared luminosity in the M-star sample to be similar to that for more massive stars. We have also set low limits for the maximum mass of dust possible around our stars.
astro-ph
we report the mid and farinfrared properties of nearby m dwarfs spitzermips measurements were obtained for a sample of 62 stars at 24 um with subsamples of 41 and 20 stars observed at 70 um and 160 um respectively we compare the results with current models of m star photospheres and look for indications of circumstellar dust in the form of significant deviations of k24 um colors and 70 um 24 um flux ratios from the average m star values at 24 um all 62 of the targets were detected 70 um detections were achieved for 20 targets in the subsample observed and no detections were seen in the 160 um subsample no clear farinfrared excesses were detected in our sample the average far infrared excess relative to the photospheric emission of the m stars is at least four times smaller than the similar average for a sample of solartype stars however this limit allows the average fractional infrared luminosity in the mstar sample to be similar to that for more massive stars we have also set low limits for the maximum mass of dust possible around our stars
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707.0465
The game chromatic number of random graphs
Given a graph G and an integer k, two players take turns coloring the vertices of G one by one using k colors so that neighboring vertices get different colors. The first player wins iff at the end of the game all the vertices of G are colored. The game chromatic number \chi_g(G) is the minimum k for which the first player has a winning strategy. In this paper we analyze the asymptotic behavior of this parameter for a random graph G_{n,p}. We show that with high probability the game chromatic number of G_{n,p} is at least twice its chromatic number but, up to a multiplicative constant, has the same order of magnitude. We also study the game chromatic number of random bipartite graphs.
math.CO
given a graph g and an integer k two players take turns coloring the vertices of g one by one using k colors so that neighboring vertices get different colors the first player wins iff at the end of the game all the vertices of g are colored the game chromatic number chi_gg is the minimum k for which the first player has a winning strategy in this paper we analyze the asymptotic behavior of this parameter for a random graph g_np we show that with high probability the game chromatic number of g_np is at least twice its chromatic number but up to a multiplicative constant has the same order of magnitude we also study the game chromatic number of random bipartite graphs
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707.0466
Lattice-Induced Double-Valley Degeneracy Lifting in Magnetic Field in Graphene
We show that the recently discovered double-valley splitting of the low-lying Landau level(s) in the Quantum Hall Effect in graphene can be explained as perturbative orbital interaction of intra- and inter-valley microscopic orbital currents with a magnetic field. This effect is provided by the translational-non-invariant terms corresponding to graphene's crystallographic honeycomb symmetry but do not exist in the relativistic theory of massless Dirac Fermions in Quantum Electrodynamics. We discuss recent data in view of these results.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we show that the recently discovered doublevalley splitting of the lowlying landau levels in the quantum hall effect in graphene can be explained as perturbative orbital interaction of intra and intervalley microscopic orbital currents with a magnetic field this effect is provided by the translationalnoninvariant terms corresponding to graphenes crystallographic honeycomb symmetry but do not exist in the relativistic theory of massless dirac fermions in quantum electrodynamics we discuss recent data in view of these results
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707.0467
Star Formation Rate Determinations
I review determinations of star formation rates (SFR) from the ultraviolet to the infrared, in the context of their use for galaxies and galaxy surveys. The mid-infrared SFR indicators have garnered interest in recent years thanks to the Spitzer capabilities and the opportunities offered by the upcoming Herschel Space Telescope. I discuss what we have learned in the mid-infrared from studies of local galaxies combining Spitzer with HST and other data.
astro-ph
i review determinations of star formation rates sfr from the ultraviolet to the infrared in the context of their use for galaxies and galaxy surveys the midinfrared sfr indicators have garnered interest in recent years thanks to the spitzer capabilities and the opportunities offered by the upcoming herschel space telescope i discuss what we have learned in the midinfrared from studies of local galaxies combining spitzer with hst and other data
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707.0468
A Spitzer Study of the Mass Loss Histories of Three Bipolar Pre-Planetary Nebulae
We present the results of far-infrared imaging of extended regions around three bipolar pre-planetary nebulae, AFGL 2688, OH 231.8+4.2, and IRAS 16342$-$3814, at 70 and 160 $\mu$m with the MIPS instrument on the Spitzer Space Telescope. After a careful subtraction of the point spread function of the central star from these images, we place constraints on the existence of extended shells and thus on the mass outflow rates as a function of radial distance from these stars. We find no apparent extended emission in AFGL 2688 and OH 231.8+4.2 beyond 100 arcseconds from the central source. In the case of AFGL 2688, this result is inconsistent with a previous report of two extended dust shells made on the basis of ISO observations. We derive an upper limit of $2.1\times10^{-7}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ and $1.0\times10^{-7}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ for the dust mass loss rate of AFGL 2688 and OH 231.8, respectively, at 200 arcseconds from each source. In contrast to these two sources, IRAS 16342$-$3814 does show extended emission at both wavelengths, which can be interpreted as a very large dust shell with a radius of $\sim$ 400 arcseconds and a thickness of $\sim$ 100 arcseconds, corresponding to 4 pc and 1 pc, respectively, at a distance of 2 kpc. However, this enhanced emission may also be galactic cirrus; better azimuthal coverage is necessary for confirmation of a shell. If the extended emission is a shell, it can be modeled as enhanced mass outflow at a dust mass outflow rate of $1.5\times10^{-6}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ superimposed on a steady outflow with a dust mass outflow rate of $1.5\times10^{-7}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. It is likely that this shell has swept up a substantial mass of interstellar gas during its expansion, so these estimates are upper limits to the stellar mass loss rate.
astro-ph
we present the results of farinfrared imaging of extended regions around three bipolar preplanetary nebulae afgl 2688 oh 231842 and iras 163423814 at 70 and 160 mum with the mips instrument on the spitzer space telescope after a careful subtraction of the point spread function of the central star from these images we place constraints on the existence of extended shells and thus on the mass outflow rates as a function of radial distance from these stars we find no apparent extended emission in afgl 2688 and oh 231842 beyond 100 arcseconds from the central source in the case of afgl 2688 this result is inconsistent with a previous report of two extended dust shells made on the basis of iso observations we derive an upper limit of 21times107 m_odot yr1 and 10times107 m_odot yr1 for the dust mass loss rate of afgl 2688 and oh 2318 respectively at 200 arcseconds from each source in contrast to these two sources iras 163423814 does show extended emission at both wavelengths which can be interpreted as a very large dust shell with a radius of sim 400 arcseconds and a thickness of sim 100 arcseconds corresponding to 4 pc and 1 pc respectively at a distance of 2 kpc however this enhanced emission may also be galactic cirrus better azimuthal coverage is necessary for confirmation of a shell if the extended emission is a shell it can be modeled as enhanced mass outflow at a dust mass outflow rate of 15times106 m_odot yr1 superimposed on a steady outflow with a dust mass outflow rate of 15times107 m_odot yr1 it is likely that this shell has swept up a substantial mass of interstellar gas during its expansion so these estimates are upper limits to the stellar mass loss rate
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707.0469
WMAP 3yr data with the CCA: anomalous emission and impact of component separation on the CMB power spectrum
The Correlated Component Analysis (CCA) allows us to estimate how the different diffuse emissions mix in CMB experiments, exploiting also complementary information from other surveys. It is especially useful to deal with possible additional components. An application of CCA to WMAP maps assuming that only the canonical Galactic emissions are present, highlights the widespread presence of a spectrally flat "synchrotron" component, largely uncorrelated with the synchrotron template, suggesting that an additional foreground is indeed required. We have tested various spectral shapes for such component, namely a power law as expected if it is flat synchrotron, and two spectral shapes that may fit the spinning dust emission: a parabola in the logS - log(frequency) plane, and a grey body. Quality tests applied to the reconstructed CMB maps clearly disfavour two of the models. The CMB power spectra, estimated from CMB maps reconstructed exploiting the three surviving foreground models, are generally consistent with the WMAP ones, although at least one of them gives a significantly higher quadrupole moment than found by the WMAP team. Taking foreground modeling uncertainties into account, we find that the mean quadrupole amplitude for the three "good" models is less than 1 sigma below the expectation from the standard LambdaCDM model. Also the other reported deviations from model predictions are found not to be statistically significant, except for the excess power at l~40. We confirm the evidence for a marked North-South asymmetry in the large scale (l < 20) CMB anisotropies. We also present a first, albeit preliminary, all-sky map of the "anomalous" component.
astro-ph
the correlated component analysis cca allows us to estimate how the different diffuse emissions mix in cmb experiments exploiting also complementary information from other surveys it is especially useful to deal with possible additional components an application of cca to wmap maps assuming that only the canonical galactic emissions are present highlights the widespread presence of a spectrally flat synchrotron component largely uncorrelated with the synchrotron template suggesting that an additional foreground is indeed required we have tested various spectral shapes for such component namely a power law as expected if it is flat synchrotron and two spectral shapes that may fit the spinning dust emission a parabola in the logs logfrequency plane and a grey body quality tests applied to the reconstructed cmb maps clearly disfavour two of the models the cmb power spectra estimated from cmb maps reconstructed exploiting the three surviving foreground models are generally consistent with the wmap ones although at least one of them gives a significantly higher quadrupole moment than found by the wmap team taking foreground modeling uncertainties into account we find that the mean quadrupole amplitude for the three good models is less than 1 sigma below the expectation from the standard lambdacdm model also the other reported deviations from model predictions are found not to be statistically significant except for the excess power at l40 we confirm the evidence for a marked northsouth asymmetry in the large scale l 20 cmb anisotropies we also present a first albeit preliminary allsky map of the anomalous component
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707.047
Search for Extra Dimensions with Atlas and CMS Detectors at the LHC
A brief review of the discovery potential of the ATLAS and CMS experiments to search for signals from extra dimensions in different luminosity scenarios is given.
hep-ex
a brief review of the discovery potential of the atlas and cms experiments to search for signals from extra dimensions in different luminosity scenarios is given
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707.0471
Method to extract the primary cosmic ray spectrum from very high energy gamma-ray data and its application to SNR RX J1713.7-3946
Supernova remnants are likely to be the accelerators of the galactic cosmic rays. Assuming the correctness of this hypothesis, we develop a method to extract the parent cosmic ray spectrum from the VHE gamma ray flux emitted by supernova remnants (and other gamma transparent sources). Namely, we calculate semi-analytically the (inverse) operator which relates an arbitrary gamma ray flux to the parent cosmic ray spectrum, without relying on any theoretical assumption about the shape of the cosmic ray and/or photon spectrum. We illustrate the use of this technique by applying it to the young SNR RX J1713.7-3946 which has been observed by H.E.S.S. experiment during the last three years. Specific implementations of the method permit to use as an input either the parameterized VHE gamma ray flux or directly the raw data. The possibility to detect features in the cosmic rays spectrum and the error in the determination of the parent cosmic ray spectrum are also discussed.
astro-ph
supernova remnants are likely to be the accelerators of the galactic cosmic rays assuming the correctness of this hypothesis we develop a method to extract the parent cosmic ray spectrum from the vhe gamma ray flux emitted by supernova remnants and other gamma transparent sources namely we calculate semianalytically the inverse operator which relates an arbitrary gamma ray flux to the parent cosmic ray spectrum without relying on any theoretical assumption about the shape of the cosmic ray andor photon spectrum we illustrate the use of this technique by applying it to the young snr rx j171373946 which has been observed by hess experiment during the last three years specific implementations of the method permit to use as an input either the parameterized vhe gamma ray flux or directly the raw data the possibility to detect features in the cosmic rays spectrum and the error in the determination of the parent cosmic ray spectrum are also discussed
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707.0472
Dark Matter
The nature of the main constituents of the mass of the universe is one of the outstanding riddles of cosmology and astro-particle physics. Current models explaining the evolution of the universe, and measurements of the various components of its mass, all have in common that an appreciable contribution to that mass is non-luminous and non-baryonic, and that a large fraction of this so-called dark matter must be in the form of non-relativistic massive particles (Cold Dark Matter: CDM). In the spirit of the Lake Louise Winter Institute Lectures we take a look at the latest astronomical discoveries and report on the status of direct and indirect Dark Matter searches.
astro-ph hep-ex
the nature of the main constituents of the mass of the universe is one of the outstanding riddles of cosmology and astroparticle physics current models explaining the evolution of the universe and measurements of the various components of its mass all have in common that an appreciable contribution to that mass is nonluminous and nonbaryonic and that a large fraction of this socalled dark matter must be in the form of nonrelativistic massive particles cold dark matter cdm in the spirit of the lake louise winter institute lectures we take a look at the latest astronomical discoveries and report on the status of direct and indirect dark matter searches
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707.0473
Entanglement generation resonances in XY chains
We examine the maximum entanglement reached by an initially fully aligned state evolving in an XY Heisenberg spin chain placed in a uniform transverse magnetic field. Both the global entanglement between one qubit and the rest of the chain and the pairwise entanglement between adjacent qubits is analyzed. It is shown that in both cases the maximum is not a monotonous decreasing function of the aligning field, exhibiting instead a resonant behavior for low anisotropies, with pronounced peaks (a total of [n/2] peaks in the global entanglement for an $n$-spin chain), whose width is proportional to the anisotropy and whose height remains finite in the limit of small anisotropy. It is also seen that the maximum pairwise entanglement is not a smooth function of the field even in small finite chains, where it may exhibit narrow peaks above strict plateaus. Explicit analytical results for small chains, as well as general exact results for finite n-spin chains obtained through the Jordan-Wigner mapping, are discussed.
quant-ph
we examine the maximum entanglement reached by an initially fully aligned state evolving in an xy heisenberg spin chain placed in a uniform transverse magnetic field both the global entanglement between one qubit and the rest of the chain and the pairwise entanglement between adjacent qubits is analyzed it is shown that in both cases the maximum is not a monotonous decreasing function of the aligning field exhibiting instead a resonant behavior for low anisotropies with pronounced peaks a total of n2 peaks in the global entanglement for an nspin chain whose width is proportional to the anisotropy and whose height remains finite in the limit of small anisotropy it is also seen that the maximum pairwise entanglement is not a smooth function of the field even in small finite chains where it may exhibit narrow peaks above strict plateaus explicit analytical results for small chains as well as general exact results for finite nspin chains obtained through the jordanwigner mapping are discussed
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707.0474
Parsec-Scale Jet-Environment Interactions in AGN
Observations made with the VLBA have led to fundamental advances in our understanding of how radio jets in AGN evolve from parsec-scales out to distances exceeding several hundred kiloparsecs. In this review I discuss current models of young radio source evolution, as well as the observational evidence for a rapid change in jet properties on scales of ~1 kpc. A central topic of current debate is the relative importance of intermittent jet fueling versus jet-environment interactions in causing a drop-off in powerful radio sources at this critical evolutionary stage. Recent 3-D hydrodynamical jet simulations suggest that dense environments and cloud collisions can temporarily stifle, but not completely halt powerful relativistic jets. Several VLBA studies of jet-ISM interactions in both blazars and weak Seyfert jets have indicated that collimated outflows are indeed possible in dense environments. At present, the bulk of the evidence favors intermittent AGN accretion as the dominant factor in determining the evolutionary path of large numbers of AGN jets.
astro-ph
observations made with the vlba have led to fundamental advances in our understanding of how radio jets in agn evolve from parsecscales out to distances exceeding several hundred kiloparsecs in this review i discuss current models of young radio source evolution as well as the observational evidence for a rapid change in jet properties on scales of 1 kpc a central topic of current debate is the relative importance of intermittent jet fueling versus jetenvironment interactions in causing a dropoff in powerful radio sources at this critical evolutionary stage recent 3d hydrodynamical jet simulations suggest that dense environments and cloud collisions can temporarily stifle but not completely halt powerful relativistic jets several vlba studies of jetism interactions in both blazars and weak seyfert jets have indicated that collimated outflows are indeed possible in dense environments at present the bulk of the evidence favors intermittent agn accretion as the dominant factor in determining the evolutionary path of large numbers of agn jets
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707.0475
Nonlocal Interferometry: Beyond Bell's Inequality
This paper presents a tutorial review of nonlocal interferometry. The role of the Feynman propagator in optical coherence is also discussed, including the possibility of generating optical coherence and entanglement outside of the light cone.
quant-ph
this paper presents a tutorial review of nonlocal interferometry the role of the feynman propagator in optical coherence is also discussed including the possibility of generating optical coherence and entanglement outside of the light cone
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707.0476
Fractional Power Control for Decentralized Wireless Networks
We consider a new approach to power control in decentralized wireless networks, termed fractional power control (FPC). Transmission power is chosen as the current channel quality raised to an exponent -s, where s is a constant between 0 and 1. The choices s = 1 and s = 0 correspond to the familiar cases of channel inversion and constant power transmission, respectively. Choosing s in (0,1) allows all intermediate policies between these two extremes to be evaluated, and we see that usually neither extreme is ideal. We derive closed-form approximations for the outage probability relative to a target SINR in a decentralized (ad hoc or unlicensed) network as well as for the resulting transmission capacity, which is the number of users/m^2 that can achieve this SINR on average. Using these approximations, which are quite accurate over typical system parameter values, we prove that using an exponent of 1/2 minimizes the outage probability, meaning that the inverse square root of the channel strength is a sensible transmit power scaling for networks with a relatively low density of interferers. We also show numerically that this choice of s is robust to a wide range of variations in the network parameters. Intuitively, s=1/2 balances between helping disadvantaged users while making sure they do not flood the network with interference.
cs.IT math.IT
we consider a new approach to power control in decentralized wireless networks termed fractional power control fpc transmission power is chosen as the current channel quality raised to an exponent s where s is a constant between 0 and 1 the choices s 1 and s 0 correspond to the familiar cases of channel inversion and constant power transmission respectively choosing s in 01 allows all intermediate policies between these two extremes to be evaluated and we see that usually neither extreme is ideal we derive closedform approximations for the outage probability relative to a target sinr in a decentralized ad hoc or unlicensed network as well as for the resulting transmission capacity which is the number of usersm2 that can achieve this sinr on average using these approximations which are quite accurate over typical system parameter values we prove that using an exponent of 12 minimizes the outage probability meaning that the inverse square root of the channel strength is a sensible transmit power scaling for networks with a relatively low density of interferers we also show numerically that this choice of s is robust to a wide range of variations in the network parameters intuitively s12 balances between helping disadvantaged users while making sure they do not flood the network with interference
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707.0477
Alternative Approach to 3D Displaying
A method for displaying volumetric images, which exploits our binocular vision and does not require eyewear, is discussed. The display can be rendered as a matrix of pivoting micromirrors irradiated by a light beam; each micromirror focuses its pixel beams to the same point of displayed volumetric image. 3D perception of image can be achieved by scanning the point of beams intersection over a virtual surface of displayed image in space.
physics.optics physics.ins-det
a method for displaying volumetric images which exploits our binocular vision and does not require eyewear is discussed the display can be rendered as a matrix of pivoting micromirrors irradiated by a light beam each micromirror focuses its pixel beams to the same point of displayed volumetric image 3d perception of image can be achieved by scanning the point of beams intersection over a virtual surface of displayed image in space
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707.0478
Particle-Hole Symmetry and the $\nu={5/2}$ Quantum Hall State
We discuss the implications of approximate particle-hole symmetry in a half-filled Landau level in which a paired quantum Hall state forms. We note that the Pfaffian state is not particle-hole symmetric. Therefore, in the limit of vanishing Landau level mixing, in which particle-hole transformation is an exact symmetry, the Pfaffian spontaneously breaks this symmetry. There is a particle-hole conjugate state, which we call the anti-Pfaffian, which is degenerate with the Pfaffian in this limit. We observe that strong Landau level mixing should favor the Pfaffian, but it is an open problem which state is favored for the moderate Landau level mixing which is present in experiments. We discuss the bulk and edge physics of the anti-Pfaffian. We analyze a simplified model in which transitions between analogs of the two states can be studied in detail. Finally, we discuss experimental implications.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we discuss the implications of approximate particlehole symmetry in a halffilled landau level in which a paired quantum hall state forms we note that the pfaffian state is not particlehole symmetric therefore in the limit of vanishing landau level mixing in which particlehole transformation is an exact symmetry the pfaffian spontaneously breaks this symmetry there is a particlehole conjugate state which we call the antipfaffian which is degenerate with the pfaffian in this limit we observe that strong landau level mixing should favor the pfaffian but it is an open problem which state is favored for the moderate landau level mixing which is present in experiments we discuss the bulk and edge physics of the antipfaffian we analyze a simplified model in which transitions between analogs of the two states can be studied in detail finally we discuss experimental implications
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707.0479
Precoding for the AWGN Channel with Discrete Interference
For a state-dependent DMC with input alphabet $\mathcal{X}$ and state alphabet $\mathcal{S}$ where the i.i.d. state sequence is known causally at the transmitter, it is shown that by using at most $|\mathcal{X}||\mathcal{S}|-|\mathcal{S}|+1$ out of $|\mathcal{X}|^{|\mathcal{S}|}$ input symbols of the Shannon's \emph{associated} channel, the capacity is achievable. As an example of state-dependent channels with side information at the transmitter, $M$-ary signal transmission over AWGN channel with additive $Q$-ary interference where the sequence of i.i.d. interference symbols is known causally at the transmitter is considered. For the special case where the Gaussian noise power is zero, a sufficient condition, which is independent of interference, is given for the capacity to be $\log_2 M$ bits per channel use. The problem of maximization of the transmission rate under the constraint that the channel input given any current interference symbol is uniformly distributed over the channel input alphabet is investigated. For this setting, the general structure of a communication system with optimal precoding is proposed.
cs.IT math.IT
for a statedependent dmc with input alphabet mathcalx and state alphabet mathcals where the iid state sequence is known causally at the transmitter it is shown that by using at most mathcalxmathcalsmathcals1 out of mathcalxmathcals input symbols of the shannons emphassociated channel the capacity is achievable as an example of statedependent channels with side information at the transmitter mary signal transmission over awgn channel with additive qary interference where the sequence of iid interference symbols is known causally at the transmitter is considered for the special case where the gaussian noise power is zero a sufficient condition which is independent of interference is given for the capacity to be log_2 m bits per channel use the problem of maximization of the transmission rate under the constraint that the channel input given any current interference symbol is uniformly distributed over the channel input alphabet is investigated for this setting the general structure of a communication system with optimal precoding is proposed
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707.048
Entropic Effects in the Very Low Temperature Regime of Diluted Ising Spin Glasses with Discrete Couplings
We study link-diluted $\pm J$ Ising spin glass models on the hierarchical lattice and on a three-dimensional lattice close to the percolation threshold. We show that previously computed zero temperature fixed points are unstable with respect to temperature perturbations and do not belong to any critical line in the dilution-temperature plane. We discuss implications of the presence of such spurious unstable fixed points on the use of optimization algorithms, and we show how entropic effects should be taken into account to obtain the right physical behavior and critical points.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech
we study linkdiluted pm j ising spin glass models on the hierarchical lattice and on a threedimensional lattice close to the percolation threshold we show that previously computed zero temperature fixed points are unstable with respect to temperature perturbations and do not belong to any critical line in the dilutiontemperature plane we discuss implications of the presence of such spurious unstable fixed points on the use of optimization algorithms and we show how entropic effects should be taken into account to obtain the right physical behavior and critical points
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707.0481
Treelets--An adaptive multi-scale basis for sparse unordered data
In many modern applications, including analysis of gene expression and text documents, the data are noisy, high-dimensional, and unordered--with no particular meaning to the given order of the variables. Yet, successful learning is often possible due to sparsity: the fact that the data are typically redundant with underlying structures that can be represented by only a few features. In this paper we present treelets--a novel construction of multi-scale bases that extends wavelets to nonsmooth signals. The method is fully adaptive, as it returns a hierarchical tree and an orthonormal basis which both reflect the internal structure of the data. Treelets are especially well-suited as a dimensionality reduction and feature selection tool prior to regression and classification, in situations where sample sizes are small and the data are sparse with unknown groupings of correlated or collinear variables. The method is also simple to implement and analyze theoretically. Here we describe a variety of situations where treelets perform better than principal component analysis, as well as some common variable selection and cluster averaging schemes. We illustrate treelets on a blocked covariance model and on several data sets (hyperspectral image data, DNA microarray data, and internet advertisements) with highly complex dependencies between variables.
stat.ME
in many modern applications including analysis of gene expression and text documents the data are noisy highdimensional and unorderedwith no particular meaning to the given order of the variables yet successful learning is often possible due to sparsity the fact that the data are typically redundant with underlying structures that can be represented by only a few features in this paper we present treeletsa novel construction of multiscale bases that extends wavelets to nonsmooth signals the method is fully adaptive as it returns a hierarchical tree and an orthonormal basis which both reflect the internal structure of the data treelets are especially wellsuited as a dimensionality reduction and feature selection tool prior to regression and classification in situations where sample sizes are small and the data are sparse with unknown groupings of correlated or collinear variables the method is also simple to implement and analyze theoretically here we describe a variety of situations where treelets perform better than principal component analysis as well as some common variable selection and cluster averaging schemes we illustrate treelets on a blocked covariance model and on several data sets hyperspectral image data dna microarray data and internet advertisements with highly complex dependencies between variables
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707.0482
Comparison of two formulas for metric connections in the bundle of Dirac spinors
Two explicit formulas for metric connections in the bundle of Dirac spinors are studied. Their equivalence is proved. The explicit formula relating the spinor curvature tensor with the Riemann curvature tensor is rederived.
math.DG gr-qc hep-ph hep-th math-ph math.MP
two explicit formulas for metric connections in the bundle of dirac spinors are studied their equivalence is proved the explicit formula relating the spinor curvature tensor with the riemann curvature tensor is rederived
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707.0483
Particle-hole symmetry and the Pfaffian state
We consider the properties of the Moore-Read Pfaffian state under particle-hole conjugation. We show that the particle-hole conjugate of the Pfaffian state - or "anti-Pfaffian" state - is in a different universality class from the Pfaffian state, with different topological order. The two states can be distinguished by both their bulk and edge physics though the difference is most dramatic at the edge: the edge of the anti-Pfaffian state has a composite structure that leads to a different thermal Hall conductance and different tunneling exponents than the Pfaffian state. At the same time, the two states are exactly degenerate in energy for a $\nu = 5/2$ quantum Hall system in the idealized limit of zero Landau level mixing. Thus, both are good candidates for the observed $\nu = 5/2$ quantum Hall plateau.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el
we consider the properties of the mooreread pfaffian state under particlehole conjugation we show that the particlehole conjugate of the pfaffian state or antipfaffian state is in a different universality class from the pfaffian state with different topological order the two states can be distinguished by both their bulk and edge physics though the difference is most dramatic at the edge the edge of the antipfaffian state has a composite structure that leads to a different thermal hall conductance and different tunneling exponents than the pfaffian state at the same time the two states are exactly degenerate in energy for a nu 52 quantum hall system in the idealized limit of zero landau level mixing thus both are good candidates for the observed nu 52 quantum hall plateau
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707.0484
$\mu$--PhotoZ: Photometric Redshifts by Inverting the Tolman Surface Brightness Test
Surface brightness is a fundamental observational parameter of galaxies. We show, for the first time in detail, how it can be used to obtain photometric redshifts for galaxies, the $\mu$-PhotoZ method. We demonstrate that the Tolman surface brightness relation, $\mu \propto (1+z)^{-4}$, is a powerful tool for determining galaxy redshifts from photometric data. We develop a model using $\mu$ and a color percentile (ranking) measure to demonstrate the $\mu$-PhotoZ method. We apply our method to a set of galaxies from the SHELS survey, and demonstrate that the photometric redshift accuracy achieved using the surface brightness method alone is comparable with the best color-based methods. We show that the $\mu$-PhotoZ method is very effective in determining the redshift for red galaxies using only two photometric bands. We discuss the properties of the small, skewed, non-gaussian component of the error distribution. We calibrate $\mu_r, (r-i)$ from the SDSS to redshift, and tabulate the result, providing a simple, but accurate look up table to estimate the redshift of distant red galaxies.
astro-ph
surface brightness is a fundamental observational parameter of galaxies we show for the first time in detail how it can be used to obtain photometric redshifts for galaxies the muphotoz method we demonstrate that the tolman surface brightness relation mu propto 1z4 is a powerful tool for determining galaxy redshifts from photometric data we develop a model using mu and a color percentile ranking measure to demonstrate the muphotoz method we apply our method to a set of galaxies from the shels survey and demonstrate that the photometric redshift accuracy achieved using the surface brightness method alone is comparable with the best colorbased methods we show that the muphotoz method is very effective in determining the redshift for red galaxies using only two photometric bands we discuss the properties of the small skewed nongaussian component of the error distribution we calibrate mu_r ri from the sdss to redshift and tabulate the result providing a simple but accurate look up table to estimate the redshift of distant red galaxies
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707.0485
Linking the X-ray timing and spectral properties of the glitching AXP 1RXS J170849-400910
Previous studies of the X-ray flux and spectral properties of 1RXS J170849-400910 showed hints of a possible correlation with the spin glitches that occurred in 1999 and 2001. However, due to the sparseness of spectral measurements and the paucity of detected glitches no firm conclusion could be drawn. We retrieved and analysed archival XTE pointings of 1RXS J170849-400910 covering the time interval between January 2003 and June 2006 and carried out a detailed timing analysis by means of phase fitting techniques. We detected two relatively large glitches Delta nu / nu of 1.2 and 2.1 10^-6 occurred in January and June 2005. Interestingly, the occurrence times of these glitches are in agreement with the predictions made in our previous studies. This finding strongly suggests a connection between the flux, spectral and timing properties of 1RXS J170849-400910.
astro-ph
previous studies of the xray flux and spectral properties of 1rxs j170849400910 showed hints of a possible correlation with the spin glitches that occurred in 1999 and 2001 however due to the sparseness of spectral measurements and the paucity of detected glitches no firm conclusion could be drawn we retrieved and analysed archival xte pointings of 1rxs j170849400910 covering the time interval between january 2003 and june 2006 and carried out a detailed timing analysis by means of phase fitting techniques we detected two relatively large glitches delta nu nu of 12 and 21 106 occurred in january and june 2005 interestingly the occurrence times of these glitches are in agreement with the predictions made in our previous studies this finding strongly suggests a connection between the flux spectral and timing properties of 1rxs j170849400910
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707.0486
Blazar Demographics with MOJAVE and GLAST
MOJAVE is a long term VLBA program to investigate the kinematics and polarization evolution of a complete sample of 133 active galactic nuclei selected on the basis of compact, relativistically beamed jet emission at 15 GHz. By fitting to the apparent distributions of superluminal speed and jet luminosity, we can constrain the Lorentz factor distribution and intrinsic luminosity function of the radio-selected blazar parent population. These low-energy peaked blazars formed a significant fraction of all EGRET detections, and should figure prominently in the GLAST source catalog. Using simple models, we investigate the predicted distribution of GLAST blazars in the gamma-ray/radio flux density plane, and describe an extension of the MOJAVE survey that will provide extensive parsec-scale jet information in complete regions of this plane. We find that if a population of intrinsically radio bright yet gamma-ray weak blazars exists, its signal will be largely wiped out by the large gamma-ray flux scatter associated with Doppler beaming.
astro-ph
mojave is a long term vlba program to investigate the kinematics and polarization evolution of a complete sample of 133 active galactic nuclei selected on the basis of compact relativistically beamed jet emission at 15 ghz by fitting to the apparent distributions of superluminal speed and jet luminosity we can constrain the lorentz factor distribution and intrinsic luminosity function of the radioselected blazar parent population these lowenergy peaked blazars formed a significant fraction of all egret detections and should figure prominently in the glast source catalog using simple models we investigate the predicted distribution of glast blazars in the gammarayradio flux density plane and describe an extension of the mojave survey that will provide extensive parsecscale jet information in complete regions of this plane we find that if a population of intrinsically radio bright yet gammaray weak blazars exists its signal will be largely wiped out by the large gammaray flux scatter associated with doppler beaming
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707.0487
$z$-Classes of Isometries of The Hyperbolic Space
Let $G$ be a group. Two elements $x, y$ are said to be {\it $z$-equivalent} if their centralizers are conjugate in $G$. The class equation of $G$ is the partition of $G$ into conjugacy classes. Further decomposition of conjugacy classes into $z$-classes provides an important information about the internal structure of the group. Let $I(\H^n)$ denote the group of isometries of the hyperbolic $n$-space. We show that the number of $z$-classes in $I(\H^n)$ is finite. We actually compute their number, cf. theorem 1.3. We interpret the finiteness of $z$-classes as accounting for the finiteness of "dynamical types" in $I(\H^n)$. Along the way we also parametrize conjugacy classes. We mainly use the linear model for the hyperbolic space for this purpose. This description of parametrizing conjugacy classes appears to be new.
math.GT math.GR
let g be a group two elements x y are said to be it zequivalent if their centralizers are conjugate in g the class equation of g is the partition of g into conjugacy classes further decomposition of conjugacy classes into zclasses provides an important information about the internal structure of the group let ihn denote the group of isometries of the hyperbolic nspace we show that the number of zclasses in ihn is finite we actually compute their number cf theorem 13 we interpret the finiteness of zclasses as accounting for the finiteness of dynamical types in ihn along the way we also parametrize conjugacy classes we mainly use the linear model for the hyperbolic space for this purpose this description of parametrizing conjugacy classes appears to be new
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707.0488
Theoretical Interpretation of Experimental Data from Direct Dark Matter Detection
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are one of the leading candidates for Dark Matter. Currently, the most promising method to detect WIMPs is the direct detection of the recoil energy deposited in a low-background laboratory detector due to elastic WIMP-nucleus scattering. So far the usual procedure has been to predict the event rate of direct detection of WIMPs based on some model(s) of the Galactic halo from cosmology and of WIMPs from elementary particle physics. The aim of this work is to invert this process. In this thesis I present methods which allow to reconstruct (the moments of) the WIMP velocity distribution function as well as to determine the WIMP mass from the recoil energy spectrum as well as from experimental data directly. The reconstruction of the velocity distribution function has been further extended to take into account the annual modulation of the event rate. Moreover, the reconstruction of the amplitude of the annual modulation of the velocity distribution and an alternative, better way for confirming the annual modulation of the event rate have been discussed. On the other hand, the determination of the WIMP mass by combining two (or more) experiments with different detector materials has been developed. All formulae and expressions given here are not only independent of the model of Galactic halo but also of that of WIMPs. This means that we need neither the as yet unknown WIMP density near the Earth nor the WIMP-nucleus cross section. The only information which we need is the measured recoil energies and their measuring times.
astro-ph hep-ph
weakly interacting massive particles wimps are one of the leading candidates for dark matter currently the most promising method to detect wimps is the direct detection of the recoil energy deposited in a lowbackground laboratory detector due to elastic wimpnucleus scattering so far the usual procedure has been to predict the event rate of direct detection of wimps based on some models of the galactic halo from cosmology and of wimps from elementary particle physics the aim of this work is to invert this process in this thesis i present methods which allow to reconstruct the moments of the wimp velocity distribution function as well as to determine the wimp mass from the recoil energy spectrum as well as from experimental data directly the reconstruction of the velocity distribution function has been further extended to take into account the annual modulation of the event rate moreover the reconstruction of the amplitude of the annual modulation of the velocity distribution and an alternative better way for confirming the annual modulation of the event rate have been discussed on the other hand the determination of the wimp mass by combining two or more experiments with different detector materials has been developed all formulae and expressions given here are not only independent of the model of galactic halo but also of that of wimps this means that we need neither the as yet unknown wimp density near the earth nor the wimpnucleus cross section the only information which we need is the measured recoil energies and their measuring times
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707.0489
An Unbiased Survey of 500 Nearby Stars for Debris Disks: A JCMT Legacy Program
We present the scientific motivation and observing plan for an upcoming detection survey for debris disks using the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The SCUBA-2 Unbiased Nearby Stars (SUNS) Survey will observe 500 nearby main sequence and sub-giant stars (100 of each of the A, F, G, K and M spectral classes) to the 850 micron extragalactic confusion limit to search for evidence of submillimeter excess, an indication of circumstellar material. The survey distance boundaries are 8.6, 16.5, 22, 25 and 45 pc for M, K, G, F and A stars, respectively, and all targets lie between the declinations of -40 deg to 80 deg. In this survey, no star will be rejected based on its inherent properties: binarity, presence of planetary companions, spectral type or age. This will be the first unbiased survey for debris disks since IRAS. We expect to detect ~125 debris disks, including ~50 cold disks not detectable in current shorter wavelength surveys. A substantial amount of complementary data will be required to constrain the temperatures and masses of discovered disks. High resolution studies will likely be required to resolve many of the disks. Therefore, these systems will be the focus of future observational studies using a variety of observatories to characterize their physical properties. For non-detected systems, this survey will set constraints (upper limits) on the amount of circumstellar dust, of typically 200 times the Kuiper Belt mass, but as low as 10 times the Kuiper Belt mass for the nearest stars in the sample (approximately 2 pc).
astro-ph
we present the scientific motivation and observing plan for an upcoming detection survey for debris disks using the james clerk maxwell telescope the scuba2 unbiased nearby stars suns survey will observe 500 nearby main sequence and subgiant stars 100 of each of the a f g k and m spectral classes to the 850 micron extragalactic confusion limit to search for evidence of submillimeter excess an indication of circumstellar material the survey distance boundaries are 86 165 22 25 and 45 pc for m k g f and a stars respectively and all targets lie between the declinations of 40 deg to 80 deg in this survey no star will be rejected based on its inherent properties binarity presence of planetary companions spectral type or age this will be the first unbiased survey for debris disks since iras we expect to detect 125 debris disks including 50 cold disks not detectable in current shorter wavelength surveys a substantial amount of complementary data will be required to constrain the temperatures and masses of discovered disks high resolution studies will likely be required to resolve many of the disks therefore these systems will be the focus of future observational studies using a variety of observatories to characterize their physical properties for nondetected systems this survey will set constraints upper limits on the amount of circumstellar dust of typically 200 times the kuiper belt mass but as low as 10 times the kuiper belt mass for the nearest stars in the sample approximately 2 pc
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707.049
The Galactic Deuterium Abundance and Dust Depletion: Insights From an Expanded Ti/H Sample
The primordial abundance of deuterium (D/H) yields a measure of the density of baryons in the universe and is an important complement to determinations from cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. Indeed, the current small sample of high redshift D/H measurements from quasar absorption line studies are in excellent agreement with CMB-derived values. Conversely, absorption line measurements of the Galactic D/H ratio in almost 50 stellar sightlines show a puzzlingly large scatter outside the Local Bubble which is difficult to explain simply by astration from the primordial value. Here, we investigate the dust depletion scenario by studying the correlation between D/H and the abundance of titanium, one of the most refractory elements readily observed in the ISM. With a sample 3 times larger than previous work, we confirm a correlation between Ti/H and D/H at the 97% confidence level. However, the magnitude of this dependence is difficult to reconcile with a simple model of dust depletion for two reasons. First, contrary to what is expected from local depletion rates, the gradient of the highly refractory Ti is much shallower than that observed for Fe and Si. Second, we do not observe the established tight, steep correlation between [Ti/H] and the mean volume density of hydrogen. Therefore, whilst dust remains a plausible explanation for the local D/H variations, the abundances of at least some of the refractory elements do not provide unanimous support for this scenario. We also argue that the correlations of [Si/H], [Fe/H], and [Ti/H] with D/H are inconsistent with a simple infall model of low metallicity gas with approximately solar abundances as the dominant cause for D variations.
astro-ph
the primordial abundance of deuterium dh yields a measure of the density of baryons in the universe and is an important complement to determinations from cosmic microwave background cmb experiments indeed the current small sample of high redshift dh measurements from quasar absorption line studies are in excellent agreement with cmbderived values conversely absorption line measurements of the galactic dh ratio in almost 50 stellar sightlines show a puzzlingly large scatter outside the local bubble which is difficult to explain simply by astration from the primordial value here we investigate the dust depletion scenario by studying the correlation between dh and the abundance of titanium one of the most refractory elements readily observed in the ism with a sample 3 times larger than previous work we confirm a correlation between tih and dh at the 97 confidence level however the magnitude of this dependence is difficult to reconcile with a simple model of dust depletion for two reasons first contrary to what is expected from local depletion rates the gradient of the highly refractory ti is much shallower than that observed for fe and si second we do not observe the established tight steep correlation between tih and the mean volume density of hydrogen therefore whilst dust remains a plausible explanation for the local dh variations the abundances of at least some of the refractory elements do not provide unanimous support for this scenario we also argue that the correlations of sih feh and tih with dh are inconsistent with a simple infall model of low metallicity gas with approximately solar abundances as the dominant cause for d variations
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707.0491
L.V.Kantorovich and Linear Programming
I want to write about what I know and remember about the activities of Leonid Vital'evich Kantorovich, an outstanding scientist of the 20th century; about his dramatic struggle for recognition of his mathematical economic theories; about the initial stage of the history of linear programming; about beautuful Kantorovich metric, about the creation of a new area of mathematical activity related to economic applications, which is called sometimes operation research, sometimes mathematical economics, sometimes linear and convex programming, or economic cybernetics, etc.; about its place in the modern mathematical landscape; and, finally, about several personal impressions of this distinguished scientist. The notes in no way pretend to exhaust these topics.
math.HO math.OC
i want to write about what i know and remember about the activities of leonid vitalevich kantorovich an outstanding scientist of the 20th century about his dramatic struggle for recognition of his mathematical economic theories about the initial stage of the history of linear programming about beautuful kantorovich metric about the creation of a new area of mathematical activity related to economic applications which is called sometimes operation research sometimes mathematical economics sometimes linear and convex programming or economic cybernetics etc about its place in the modern mathematical landscape and finally about several personal impressions of this distinguished scientist the notes in no way pretend to exhaust these topics
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707.0492
Low Surface Brightness Galaxies around the HDF-S: II. Distances and volume densities
With this study we aim at the spectroscopic verification of a photometrically selected sample of Low Surface Brightness (LSB) galaxy candidates in a field around the Hubble Deep Field-South (HDF-S). The sample helps to extend the parameter space for LSB galaxies to lower central surface brightnesses and to provide better estimates on the volume densities of these objects. To derive redshifts for the LSB candidates, long-slit spectra were obtained covering a spectral range from 3400{\AA} to 7500{\AA}. The observations have been obtained using the ESO 3.6m telescope, equipped with the EFOSC2 spectrograph. From the measured radial velocities, distances could be estimated. With this distance information, it is possible to differentiate between true LSB galaxies and higher redshift High Surface Brightness (HSB) galaxies which may contaminate the sample. A correction for the surface brightnesses can then be applied, accounting for the cosmological dimming effect (``Tolman Dimming''). We show that ~70% of the LSB candidates, selected based on their location in the color-color space, are real LSB galaxies. Their position in the color-color diagrams, therefore, indicate that the LSB galaxies have a different stellar population mix resulting from a different star formation history compared to HSBs. Our LSB galaxy sample consists only of large disk galaxies with scale-length between 2.5kpc and 7.3kpc. We confirm the flat central surface brightness distribution of previous surveys and extend this distribution down to central surface brightnesses of 27 B mag arcsec^-2.
astro-ph
with this study we aim at the spectroscopic verification of a photometrically selected sample of low surface brightness lsb galaxy candidates in a field around the hubble deep fieldsouth hdfs the sample helps to extend the parameter space for lsb galaxies to lower central surface brightnesses and to provide better estimates on the volume densities of these objects to derive redshifts for the lsb candidates longslit spectra were obtained covering a spectral range from 3400aa to 7500aa the observations have been obtained using the eso 36m telescope equipped with the efosc2 spectrograph from the measured radial velocities distances could be estimated with this distance information it is possible to differentiate between true lsb galaxies and higher redshift high surface brightness hsb galaxies which may contaminate the sample a correction for the surface brightnesses can then be applied accounting for the cosmological dimming effect tolman dimming we show that 70 of the lsb candidates selected based on their location in the colorcolor space are real lsb galaxies their position in the colorcolor diagrams therefore indicate that the lsb galaxies have a different stellar population mix resulting from a different star formation history compared to hsbs our lsb galaxy sample consists only of large disk galaxies with scalelength between 25kpc and 73kpc we confirm the flat central surface brightness distribution of previous surveys and extend this distribution down to central surface brightnesses of 27 b mag arcsec2
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707.0493
A comment on `Wave-breaking Limits for relativistic electrostatic waves in a one-dimensional warm plasma' Phys. Plasmas 13 123102 by R. M. G. M. Trines and P. A. Norreys
Trines and Norreys state that a principle aim of their work on warm wave-breaking was ``to create some order in the diverse landscape of warm fluid models and establish which model is most suitable for the study of wave breaking in thermal plasma.'' Unfortunately, we must conclude that they have obfuscated more than they have clarified, and have advanced the waterbag model only by exaggerating or misstating its benefits while mischaracterizing features of alternative warm fluid theories.
physics.plasm-ph
trines and norreys state that a principle aim of their work on warm wavebreaking was to create some order in the diverse landscape of warm fluid models and establish which model is most suitable for the study of wave breaking in thermal plasma unfortunately we must conclude that they have obfuscated more than they have clarified and have advanced the waterbag model only by exaggerating or misstating its benefits while mischaracterizing features of alternative warm fluid theories
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707.0494
Additional Symmetry of CKP hierarchy
Based on the Orlov and Shulman's M operator, the additional symmetries and the string equation of the CKP hierarchy are established, and then the higher order constraints on $L^l$ are obtained. In addition, the generating function and some properties are also given. In particular, the additional symmetry flows form a new infinite dimensional algebra $W^C_{1+\infty}$, which is a subalgebra of $W_{1+\infty}$.
nlin.SI
based on the orlov and shulmans m operator the additional symmetries and the string equation of the ckp hierarchy are established and then the higher order constraints on ll are obtained in addition the generating function and some properties are also given in particular the additional symmetry flows form a new infinite dimensional algebra wc_1infty which is a subalgebra of w_1infty
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707.0495
Vibrating Superconducting Island in a Josephson Junction
We consider a combined nanomechanical-supercondcuting device that allows the Cooper pair tunneling to interfere with the mechanical motion of the middle superconducting island. Coupling of mechanical oscillations of a superconducting island between two superconducting leads to the electronic tunneling generate a supercurrent which is modulated by the oscillatory motion of the island. This coupling produces alternating finite and vanishing supercurrent as function of the superconducting phases. Current peaks are sensitive to the superconducting phase shifts relative to each other. The proposed device may be used to study the nanoelectromechanical coupling in case of superconducting electronics.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we consider a combined nanomechanicalsupercondcuting device that allows the cooper pair tunneling to interfere with the mechanical motion of the middle superconducting island coupling of mechanical oscillations of a superconducting island between two superconducting leads to the electronic tunneling generate a supercurrent which is modulated by the oscillatory motion of the island this coupling produces alternating finite and vanishing supercurrent as function of the superconducting phases current peaks are sensitive to the superconducting phase shifts relative to each other the proposed device may be used to study the nanoelectromechanical coupling in case of superconducting electronics
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707.0496
Controlled spontaneous emission
The problem of spontaneous emission is studied by a direct computer simulation of the dynamics of a combined system: atom + radiation field. The parameters of the discrete finite model, including up to 20k field oscillators, have been optimized by a comparison with the exact solution for the case when the oscillators have equidistant frequencies and equal coupling constants. Simulation of the effect of multi-pulse sequence of phase kicks and emission by a pair of atoms shows that both the frequency and the linewidth of the emitted spectrum could be controlled.
quant-ph
the problem of spontaneous emission is studied by a direct computer simulation of the dynamics of a combined system atom radiation field the parameters of the discrete finite model including up to 20k field oscillators have been optimized by a comparison with the exact solution for the case when the oscillators have equidistant frequencies and equal coupling constants simulation of the effect of multipulse sequence of phase kicks and emission by a pair of atoms shows that both the frequency and the linewidth of the emitted spectrum could be controlled
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707.0497
Moduli Stabilization in Meta-Stable Heterotic Supergravity Vacua
We revisit the issue of moduli stabilization in a class of N=1 four dimensional supergravity theories which are low energy descriptions of standard perturbative heterotic string vacua compactified on Calabi-Yau spaces. In particular, we show how it is possible to stabilize the universal dilaton and Kahler moduli in a de Sitter/Minkowski vacuum with low energy supersymmetry breaking by means of non-perturbative gauge dynamics, including recent results by Intriligator, Seiberg and Shih. The non-SUSY vacua are meta-stable but sufficiently long-lived.
hep-th hep-ph
we revisit the issue of moduli stabilization in a class of n1 four dimensional supergravity theories which are low energy descriptions of standard perturbative heterotic string vacua compactified on calabiyau spaces in particular we show how it is possible to stabilize the universal dilaton and kahler moduli in a de sitterminkowski vacuum with low energy supersymmetry breaking by means of nonperturbative gauge dynamics including recent results by intriligator seiberg and shih the nonsusy vacua are metastable but sufficiently longlived
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707.0498
The Role of Time in the Creation of Knowledge
This paper I assume that in humans the creation of knowledge depends on a discrete time, or stage, sequential decision-making process subjected to a stochastic, information transmitting environment. For each time-stage, this environment randomly transmits Shannon type information-packets to the decision-maker, who examines each of them for relevancy and then determines his optimal choices. Using this set of relevant information-packets, the decision-maker adapts, over time, to the stochastic nature of his environment, and optimizes the subjective expected rate-of-growth of knowledge. The decision-maker's optimal actions, lead to a decision function that involves, over time, his view of the subjective entropy of the environmental process and other important parameters at each time-stage of the process. Using this model of human behavior, one could create psychometric experiments using computer simulation and real decision-makers, to play programmed games to measure the resulting human performance.
cs.LG cs.AI cs.IT math.IT
this paper i assume that in humans the creation of knowledge depends on a discrete time or stage sequential decisionmaking process subjected to a stochastic information transmitting environment for each timestage this environment randomly transmits shannon type informationpackets to the decisionmaker who examines each of them for relevancy and then determines his optimal choices using this set of relevant informationpackets the decisionmaker adapts over time to the stochastic nature of his environment and optimizes the subjective expected rateofgrowth of knowledge the decisionmakers optimal actions lead to a decision function that involves over time his view of the subjective entropy of the environmental process and other important parameters at each timestage of the process using this model of human behavior one could create psychometric experiments using computer simulation and real decisionmakers to play programmed games to measure the resulting human performance
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707.0499
Lovelock inflation and the number of large dimensions
We discuss an inflationary scenario based on Lovelock terms. These higher order curvature terms can lead to inflation when there are more than three spatial dimensions. Inflation will end if the extra dimensions are stabilised, so that at most three dimensions are free to expand. This relates graceful exit to the number of large dimensions.
hep-th astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph
we discuss an inflationary scenario based on lovelock terms these higher order curvature terms can lead to inflation when there are more than three spatial dimensions inflation will end if the extra dimensions are stabilised so that at most three dimensions are free to expand this relates graceful exit to the number of large dimensions
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707.05
Location-Aided Fast Distributed Consensus in Wireless Networks
Existing works on distributed consensus explore linear iterations based on reversible Markov chains, which contribute to the slow convergence of the algorithms. It has been observed that by overcoming the diffusive behavior of reversible chains, certain nonreversible chains lifted from reversible ones mix substantially faster than the original chains. In this paper, we investigate the idea of accelerating distributed consensus via lifting Markov chains, and propose a class of Location-Aided Distributed Averaging (LADA) algorithms for wireless networks, where nodes' coarse location information is used to construct nonreversible chains that facilitate distributed computing and cooperative processing. First, two general pseudo-algorithms are presented to illustrate the notion of distributed averaging through chain-lifting. These pseudo-algorithms are then respectively instantiated through one LADA algorithm on grid networks, and one on general wireless networks. For a $k\times k$ grid network, the proposed LADA algorithm achieves an $\epsilon$-averaging time of $O(k\log(\epsilon^{-1}))$. Based on this algorithm, in a wireless network with transmission range $r$, an $\epsilon$-averaging time of $O(r^{-1}\log(\epsilon^{-1}))$ can be attained through a centralized algorithm. Subsequently, we present a fully-distributed LADA algorithm for wireless networks, which utilizes only the direction information of neighbors to construct nonreversible chains. It is shown that this distributed LADA algorithm achieves the same scaling law in averaging time as the centralized scheme. Finally, we propose a cluster-based LADA (C-LADA) algorithm, which, requiring no central coordination, provides the additional benefit of reduced message complexity compared with the distributed LADA algorithm.
cs.IT math.IT
existing works on distributed consensus explore linear iterations based on reversible markov chains which contribute to the slow convergence of the algorithms it has been observed that by overcoming the diffusive behavior of reversible chains certain nonreversible chains lifted from reversible ones mix substantially faster than the original chains in this paper we investigate the idea of accelerating distributed consensus via lifting markov chains and propose a class of locationaided distributed averaging lada algorithms for wireless networks where nodes coarse location information is used to construct nonreversible chains that facilitate distributed computing and cooperative processing first two general pseudoalgorithms are presented to illustrate the notion of distributed averaging through chainlifting these pseudoalgorithms are then respectively instantiated through one lada algorithm on grid networks and one on general wireless networks for a ktimes k grid network the proposed lada algorithm achieves an epsilonaveraging time of oklogepsilon1 based on this algorithm in a wireless network with transmission range r an epsilonaveraging time of or1logepsilon1 can be attained through a centralized algorithm subsequently we present a fullydistributed lada algorithm for wireless networks which utilizes only the direction information of neighbors to construct nonreversible chains it is shown that this distributed lada algorithm achieves the same scaling law in averaging time as the centralized scheme finally we propose a clusterbased lada clada algorithm which requiring no central coordination provides the additional benefit of reduced message complexity compared with the distributed lada algorithm
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707.0501
K-band spectroscopy of pre-cataclysmic variables
We have taken K-band spectroscopy of a sample of 13 pre-CVs in order to examine them for anomalous chemical abundances. In particular, we study the strength of the 12CO and 13CO absorption bands that have been found diminished and enhanced, respectively, in similar studies of CVs. All our systems show CO abundances that are within the range observed for single stars. The weakest 12CO bands with respect to the spectral type are found in the pre-CV BPM 71214, although on a much smaller scale than observed in CVs. Furthermore there is no evidence for enhanced 13CO. Taking into account that our sample is subject to the present observational bias that favours the discovery of young pre-CVs with secondary stars of late spectral types, we can conclude the following: 1) our study provides observational proof that the CO anomalies discovered in certain CVs are not due to any material acquired during the common envelope phase, and 2) if the CO anomalies in certain CVs are not due to accretion of processed material during nova outburst, then the progenitors of these CVs are of a significantly different type than the currently known sample of pre-CVs.
astro-ph
we have taken kband spectroscopy of a sample of 13 precvs in order to examine them for anomalous chemical abundances in particular we study the strength of the 12co and 13co absorption bands that have been found diminished and enhanced respectively in similar studies of cvs all our systems show co abundances that are within the range observed for single stars the weakest 12co bands with respect to the spectral type are found in the precv bpm 71214 although on a much smaller scale than observed in cvs furthermore there is no evidence for enhanced 13co taking into account that our sample is subject to the present observational bias that favours the discovery of young precvs with secondary stars of late spectral types we can conclude the following 1 our study provides observational proof that the co anomalies discovered in certain cvs are not due to any material acquired during the common envelope phase and 2 if the co anomalies in certain cvs are not due to accretion of processed material during nova outburst then the progenitors of these cvs are of a significantly different type than the currently known sample of precvs
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707.0502
Deflated GMRES for Systems with Multiple Shifts and Multiple Right-Hand Sides
We consider solution of multiply shifted systems of nonsymmetric linear equations, possibly also with multiple right-hand sides. First, for a single right-hand side, the matrix is shifted by several multiples of the identity. Such problems arise in a number of applications, including lattice quantum chromodynamics where the matrices are complex and non-Hermitian. Some Krylov iterative methods such as GMRES and BiCGStab have been used to solve multiply shifted systems for about the cost of solving just one system. Restarted GMRES can be improved by deflating eigenvalues for matrices that have a few small eigenvalues. We show that a particular deflated method, GMRES-DR, can be applied to multiply shifted systems. In quantum chromodynamics, it is common to have multiple right-hand sides with multiple shifts for each right-hand side. We develop a method that efficiently solves the multiple right-hand sides by using a deflated version of GMRES and yet keeps costs for all of the multiply shifted systems close to those for one shift. An example is given showing this can be extremely effective with a quantum chromodynamics matrix.
math-ph hep-lat math.MP
we consider solution of multiply shifted systems of nonsymmetric linear equations possibly also with multiple righthand sides first for a single righthand side the matrix is shifted by several multiples of the identity such problems arise in a number of applications including lattice quantum chromodynamics where the matrices are complex and nonhermitian some krylov iterative methods such as gmres and bicgstab have been used to solve multiply shifted systems for about the cost of solving just one system restarted gmres can be improved by deflating eigenvalues for matrices that have a few small eigenvalues we show that a particular deflated method gmresdr can be applied to multiply shifted systems in quantum chromodynamics it is common to have multiple righthand sides with multiple shifts for each righthand side we develop a method that efficiently solves the multiple righthand sides by using a deflated version of gmres and yet keeps costs for all of the multiply shifted systems close to those for one shift an example is given showing this can be extremely effective with a quantum chromodynamics matrix
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707.0503
Spin-Orbit Alignment for the Eccentric Exoplanet HD 147506b
The short-period exoplanet HD 147506b (also known as HAT-P-2b) has an eccentric orbit, raising the possibility that it migrated through planet-planet scattering or Kozai oscillations accompanied by tidal dissipation. Either of these scenarios could have significantly tilted the orbit relative to the host star's equatorial plane. Here we present spectroscopy of a transit of HD 147506b, and assess the spin-orbit alignment via the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect. We find the sky projections of the stellar spin axis and orbital axis to be aligned within 14 deg. Thus we find no corroborating evidence for scattering or Kozai migration, although these scenarios cannot be ruled out with the present data.
astro-ph
the shortperiod exoplanet hd 147506b also known as hatp2b has an eccentric orbit raising the possibility that it migrated through planetplanet scattering or kozai oscillations accompanied by tidal dissipation either of these scenarios could have significantly tilted the orbit relative to the host stars equatorial plane here we present spectroscopy of a transit of hd 147506b and assess the spinorbit alignment via the rossitermclaughlin effect we find the sky projections of the stellar spin axis and orbital axis to be aligned within 14 deg thus we find no corroborating evidence for scattering or kozai migration although these scenarios cannot be ruled out with the present data
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707.0504
Experimental Free Energy Surface Reconstruction From Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy Using Jarzynski's Equality
We used the atomic force microscope to manipulate and unfold individual molecules of the titin I27 domain and reconstructed its free energy surface using Jarzynski's equality. The free energy surface for both stretching and unfolding was reconstructed using an exact formula that relates the nonequilibrium work fluctuations to the molecular free energy. In addition, the unfolding free energy barrier, i.e. the activation energy, was directly obtained from experimental data for the first time. This work demonstrates that Jarzynski's equality can be used to analyze nonequilibrium single-molecule experiments, and to obtain the free energy surfaces for molecular systems, including interactions for which only nonequilibrium work can be measured.
physics.bio-ph physics.gen-ph
we used the atomic force microscope to manipulate and unfold individual molecules of the titin i27 domain and reconstructed its free energy surface using jarzynskis equality the free energy surface for both stretching and unfolding was reconstructed using an exact formula that relates the nonequilibrium work fluctuations to the molecular free energy in addition the unfolding free energy barrier ie the activation energy was directly obtained from experimental data for the first time this work demonstrates that jarzynskis equality can be used to analyze nonequilibrium singlemolecule experiments and to obtain the free energy surfaces for molecular systems including interactions for which only nonequilibrium work can be measured
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707.0505
Deflated Iterative Methods for Linear Equations with Multiple Right-Hand Sides
A new approach is discussed for solving large nonsymmetric systems of linear equations with multiple right-hand sides. The first system is solved with a deflated GMRES method that generates eigenvector information at the same time that the linear equations are solved. Subsequent systems are solved by combining restarted GMRES with a projection over the previously determined eigenvectors. This approach offers an alternative to block methods, and it can also be combined with a block method. It is useful when there are a limited number of small eigenvalues that slow the convergence. An example is given showing significant improvement for a problem from quantum chromodynamics. The second and subsequent right-hand sides are solved much quicker than without the deflation. This new approach is relatively simple to implement and is very efficient compared to other deflation methods.
math-ph hep-lat math.MP
a new approach is discussed for solving large nonsymmetric systems of linear equations with multiple righthand sides the first system is solved with a deflated gmres method that generates eigenvector information at the same time that the linear equations are solved subsequent systems are solved by combining restarted gmres with a projection over the previously determined eigenvectors this approach offers an alternative to block methods and it can also be combined with a block method it is useful when there are a limited number of small eigenvalues that slow the convergence an example is given showing significant improvement for a problem from quantum chromodynamics the second and subsequent righthand sides are solved much quicker than without the deflation this new approach is relatively simple to implement and is very efficient compared to other deflation methods
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707.0506
The Distance to SS433/W50 and its Interaction with the ISM
[ABRIDGED] The distance to the relativistic jet source SS433 and the related supernova remnant W50 is re-examined using new observations of HI in absorption from the VLA, HI in emission from the GBT, and 12CO emission from the FCRAO. The new measurements show HI in absorption against SS433 to a velocity of 75 km/s but not to the velocity of the tangent point, which bounds the kinematic distance at 5.5 < d_k < 6.5 kpc. This is entirely consistent with a 5.5 +/- 0.2 kpc distance determined from light travel-time arguments (Blundell & Bowler 2004). The HI emission map shows evidence of interaction of the lobes of W50 with the interstellar medium near the adopted systemic velocity of V_LSR = 75 km/s. The western lobe sits in a cavity in the HI emission near the Galactic plane, while the eastern lobe terminates at an expanding HI shell. The expanding shell has a radius of 40 pc, contains 8 +/- 3 x 10^3 M_sun of HI and has a measured kinetic energy of 3 +/- 1.5 x 10^{49} ergs. There may also be a static HI ring or shell around the main part of W50 itself at an LSR velocity of 75 km/s, with a radius of 70 pc and a mass in HI of 3.5 - 10 x 10^4 M_sun. We do not find convincing evidence for the interaction of the system with any molecular cloud or with HI at other velocities. The HI emission data suggest that SS433 lies in an interstellar environment substantially denser than average for its distance from the Galactic plane. This Population I system, now about 200 pc below the Galactic plane, most likely originated as a runaway O-star binary ejected from a young cluster in the plane. New astrometric data on SS433 show that the system now has a peculiar velocity of a few tens of km/s in the direction of the Galactic plane. From this peculiar velocity and the symmetry of the W50 remnant we derive a time since the SN of < 10^5 yr.
astro-ph
abridged the distance to the relativistic jet source ss433 and the related supernova remnant w50 is reexamined using new observations of hi in absorption from the vla hi in emission from the gbt and 12co emission from the fcrao the new measurements show hi in absorption against ss433 to a velocity of 75 kms but not to the velocity of the tangent point which bounds the kinematic distance at 55 d_k 65 kpc this is entirely consistent with a 55 02 kpc distance determined from light traveltime arguments blundell bowler 2004 the hi emission map shows evidence of interaction of the lobes of w50 with the interstellar medium near the adopted systemic velocity of v_lsr 75 kms the western lobe sits in a cavity in the hi emission near the galactic plane while the eastern lobe terminates at an expanding hi shell the expanding shell has a radius of 40 pc contains 8 3 x 103 m_sun of hi and has a measured kinetic energy of 3 15 x 1049 ergs there may also be a static hi ring or shell around the main part of w50 itself at an lsr velocity of 75 kms with a radius of 70 pc and a mass in hi of 35 10 x 104 m_sun we do not find convincing evidence for the interaction of the system with any molecular cloud or with hi at other velocities the hi emission data suggest that ss433 lies in an interstellar environment substantially denser than average for its distance from the galactic plane this population i system now about 200 pc below the galactic plane most likely originated as a runaway ostar binary ejected from a young cluster in the plane new astrometric data on ss433 show that the system now has a peculiar velocity of a few tens of kms in the direction of the galactic plane from this peculiar velocity and the symmetry of the w50 remnant we derive a time since the sn of 105 yr
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707.0507
Incommensurate magnetic structure in the orthorhombic perovskite ErMnO_3
By combining dielectric, specific heat, and magnetization measurements and high-resolution neutron powder diffraction, we have investigated the thermodynamic and magnetic/structural properties of the metastable orthorhombic perovskite ErMnO_3 prepared by high-pressure synthesis. The system becomes antiferromagnetically correlated below 42 K and undergoes a lock-in transition at 28 K with propagation wave vector (0,k_b,0), which remains incommensurate at low temperature. The intercorrelation between the magnetic structure and electric properties and the role of the rare earth moment are discussed.
cond-mat.str-el
by combining dielectric specific heat and magnetization measurements and highresolution neutron powder diffraction we have investigated the thermodynamic and magneticstructural properties of the metastable orthorhombic perovskite ermno_3 prepared by highpressure synthesis the system becomes antiferromagnetically correlated below 42 k and undergoes a lockin transition at 28 k with propagation wave vector 0k_b0 which remains incommensurate at low temperature the intercorrelation between the magnetic structure and electric properties and the role of the rare earth moment are discussed
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707.0508
X-ray Spectral Signatures of the Photon Bubble Model for Ultraluminous X-ray Sources
The nature of ultraluminous X-ray sources in nearby galaxies is one of the major open questions in modern X-ray astrophysics. One possible explanation for these objects is an inhomogeneous, radiation dominated accretion disk around a $\sim 10 M_{\odot}$ black hole -- the so-called ``photon bubble'' model. While previous studies of this model have focused primarily on its radiation-hydrodynamics aspects, in this paper, we provide an analysis of its X-ray spectral (continuum and possible edge and line) characteristics. Compton reflection between high and low density regions in the disk may provide the key to distinguishing this model from others, such as accretion onto an intermediate mass black hole. We couple a Monte Carlo/Fokker-Planck radiation transport code with the XSTAR code for reflection to simulate the photon spectra produced in a photon bubble model for ULXs. We find that reflection components tend to be very weak and in most cases not observable, and make predictions for the shape of the high-energy Comptonizing spectra. In many cases the Comptonization dominates the spectra even down to $\sim$ a few keV. In one simulation, a $\sim 9 \kev$ feature was found, which may be considered a signature of photon bubbles in ULXs; furthermore, we make predictions of high energy power-laws which may be observed by future instruments.
astro-ph
the nature of ultraluminous xray sources in nearby galaxies is one of the major open questions in modern xray astrophysics one possible explanation for these objects is an inhomogeneous radiation dominated accretion disk around a sim 10 m_odot black hole the socalled photon bubble model while previous studies of this model have focused primarily on its radiationhydrodynamics aspects in this paper we provide an analysis of its xray spectral continuum and possible edge and line characteristics compton reflection between high and low density regions in the disk may provide the key to distinguishing this model from others such as accretion onto an intermediate mass black hole we couple a monte carlofokkerplanck radiation transport code with the xstar code for reflection to simulate the photon spectra produced in a photon bubble model for ulxs we find that reflection components tend to be very weak and in most cases not observable and make predictions for the shape of the highenergy comptonizing spectra in many cases the comptonization dominates the spectra even down to sim a few kev in one simulation a sim 9 kev feature was found which may be considered a signature of photon bubbles in ulxs furthermore we make predictions of high energy powerlaws which may be observed by future instruments
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707.0509
Order-Parameter Correlation Functions in Quantum Critical Phenomena
We investigate the functional form of the order-parameter (two-point) correlation function in quantum critical phenomena. Contrary to the common lore, when there is no particle-hole symmetry we find that the equal-time correlation function at criticality does not display a diverging correlation length. We illustrate our conclusions by Monte Carlo calculations of the quantum rotor model in $d=2$ space dimensions
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.str-el
we investigate the functional form of the orderparameter twopoint correlation function in quantum critical phenomena contrary to the common lore when there is no particlehole symmetry we find that the equaltime correlation function at criticality does not display a diverging correlation length we illustrate our conclusions by monte carlo calculations of the quantum rotor model in d2 space dimensions
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707.051
Computational coarse graining of a randomly forced 1-D Burgers equation
We explore a computational approach to coarse graining the evolution of the large-scale features of a randomly forced Burgers equation in one spatial dimension. The long term evolution of the solution energy spectrum appears self-similar in time. We demonstrate coarse projective integration and coarse dynamic renormalization as tools that accelerate the extraction of macroscopic information (integration in time, self-similar shapes, and nontrivial dynamic exponents) from short bursts of appropriately initialized direct simulation. These procedures solve numerically an effective evolution equation for the energy spectrum without ever deriving this equation in closed form.
physics.comp-ph
we explore a computational approach to coarse graining the evolution of the largescale features of a randomly forced burgers equation in one spatial dimension the long term evolution of the solution energy spectrum appears selfsimilar in time we demonstrate coarse projective integration and coarse dynamic renormalization as tools that accelerate the extraction of macroscopic information integration in time selfsimilar shapes and nontrivial dynamic exponents from short bursts of appropriately initialized direct simulation these procedures solve numerically an effective evolution equation for the energy spectrum without ever deriving this equation in closed form
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707.0511
The S-matrix of the Faddeev-Reshetikhin Model, Diagonalizability and PT Symmetry
We study the question of diagonalizability of the Hamiltonian for the Faddeev-Reshetikhin (FR) model in the two particle sector. Although the two particle S-matrix element for the FR model, which may be relevant for the quantization of strings on $AdS_{5}\times S^{5}$, has been calculated recently using field theoretic methods, we find that the Hamiltonian for the system in this sector is not diagonalizable. We trace the difficulty to the fact that the interaction term in the Hamiltonian violating Lorentz invariance leads to discontinuity conditions (matching conditions) that cannot be satisfied. We determine the most general quartic interaction Hamiltonian that can be diagonalized. This includes the bosonic Thirring model as well as the bosonic chiral Gross-Neveu model which we find share the same S-matrix. We explain this by showing, through a Fierz transformation, that these two models are in fact equivalent. In addition, we find a general quartic interaction Hamiltonian, violating Lorentz invariance, that can be diagonalized with the same two particle S-matrix element as calculated by Klose and Zarembo for the FR model. This family of generalized interaction Hamiltonians is not Hermitian, but is $PT$ symmetric. We show that the wave functions for this system are also $PT$ symmetric. Thus, the theory is in a $PT$ unbroken phase which guarantees the reality of the energy spectrum as well as the unitarity of the S-matrix.
hep-th
we study the question of diagonalizability of the hamiltonian for the faddeevreshetikhin fr model in the two particle sector although the two particle smatrix element for the fr model which may be relevant for the quantization of strings on ads_5times s5 has been calculated recently using field theoretic methods we find that the hamiltonian for the system in this sector is not diagonalizable we trace the difficulty to the fact that the interaction term in the hamiltonian violating lorentz invariance leads to discontinuity conditions matching conditions that cannot be satisfied we determine the most general quartic interaction hamiltonian that can be diagonalized this includes the bosonic thirring model as well as the bosonic chiral grossneveu model which we find share the same smatrix we explain this by showing through a fierz transformation that these two models are in fact equivalent in addition we find a general quartic interaction hamiltonian violating lorentz invariance that can be diagonalized with the same two particle smatrix element as calculated by klose and zarembo for the fr model this family of generalized interaction hamiltonians is not hermitian but is pt symmetric we show that the wave functions for this system are also pt symmetric thus the theory is in a pt unbroken phase which guarantees the reality of the energy spectrum as well as the unitarity of the smatrix
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707.0512
$(\alpha')^4$ Corrections in Holographic Large N_c QCD and $\pi - \pi$ Scattering
We calculate the ${\alpha'}^4$ corrections to the non-Abelian DBI action on the D8-brane in the holographic dual of large N_c QCD proposed by Sakai and Sugimoto. These give rise to higher derivative terms, in particular, four derivative contact terms for the pion field with the coupling uniquely determined. We calculate the pion-pion scattering amplitude near threshold. The results respecting unitarity are in qualitative agreement with the experimental curves.
hep-th hep-ph
we calculate the alpha4 corrections to the nonabelian dbi action on the d8brane in the holographic dual of large n_c qcd proposed by sakai and sugimoto these give rise to higher derivative terms in particular four derivative contact terms for the pion field with the coupling uniquely determined we calculate the pionpion scattering amplitude near threshold the results respecting unitarity are in qualitative agreement with the experimental curves
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707.0513
On the zero-temperature limit of one-dimensional Gibbs measures
This paper has been withdrawn by the authors due to an error in the main theorem.
math.DS math-ph math.MP
this paper has been withdrawn by the authors due to an error in the main theorem
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707.0514
Phase space methods and psychoacoustic models in lossy transform coding
I present a method for lossy transform coding of digital audio that uses the Weyl symbol calculus for constructing the encoding and decoding transformation. The method establishes a direct connection between a time-frequency representation of the signal dependent threshold of masked noise and the encode/decode pair. The formalism also offers a time-frequency measure of perceptual entropy.
cs.IT cs.SD math.IT
i present a method for lossy transform coding of digital audio that uses the weyl symbol calculus for constructing the encoding and decoding transformation the method establishes a direct connection between a timefrequency representation of the signal dependent threshold of masked noise and the encodedecode pair the formalism also offers a timefrequency measure of perceptual entropy
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707.0515
High Energy neutrino signals from the Epoch of Reionization
We perform a new estimate of the high energy neutrinos expected from GRBs associated with the first generation of stars in light of new models and constraints on the epoch of reionization and a more detailed evaluation of the neutrino emission yields. We also compare the diffuse high energy neutrino background from Population III stars with the one from "ordinary stars" (Population II), as estimated consistently within the same cosmological and astrophysical assumptions. In disagreement with previous literature, we find that high energy neutrinos from Population III stars will not be observable with current or near future neutrino telescopes, falling below both IceCube sensitivity and atmospheric neutrino background under the most extreme assumptions for the GRB rate. This rules them out as a viable diagnostic tool for these still elusive metal-free stars.
astro-ph
we perform a new estimate of the high energy neutrinos expected from grbs associated with the first generation of stars in light of new models and constraints on the epoch of reionization and a more detailed evaluation of the neutrino emission yields we also compare the diffuse high energy neutrino background from population iii stars with the one from ordinary stars population ii as estimated consistently within the same cosmological and astrophysical assumptions in disagreement with previous literature we find that high energy neutrinos from population iii stars will not be observable with current or near future neutrino telescopes falling below both icecube sensitivity and atmospheric neutrino background under the most extreme assumptions for the grb rate this rules them out as a viable diagnostic tool for these still elusive metalfree stars
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707.0516
Deep VLT infrared observations of X-ray Dim Isolated Neutron Stars
X-ray observations have unveiled the existence of a family of radio-quiet Isolated Neutron Stars whose X-ray emission is purely thermal, hence dubbed X-ray Dim Isolated Neutron Stars (XDINSs). While optical observations have allowed to relate the thermal emission to the neutron star cooling and to build the neutron star surface thermal map, IR observations are critical to pinpoint a spectral turnover produced by a so far unseen magnetospheric component, or by the presence of a fallback disk. The detection of such a turnover can provide further evidence of a link between this class of isolated neutron stars and the magnetars, which show a distinctive spectral flattening in the IR. Here we present the deepest IR observations ever of five XDINSs, which we use to constrain a spectral turnover in the IR and the presence of a fallback disk. The data are obtained using the ISAAC instrument at the VLT. For none of our targets it was possible to identify the IR counterpart down to limiting magnitudes H = 21.5 - 22.9. Although these limits are the deepest ever obtained for neutron stars of this class, they are not deep enough to rule out the existence and the nature of a possible spectral flattening in the IR. We also derive, by using disk models, the upper limits on the mass inflow rate in a fallback disk. We find the existence of a putative fallback disk consistent (although not confirmed) with our observations.
astro-ph
xray observations have unveiled the existence of a family of radioquiet isolated neutron stars whose xray emission is purely thermal hence dubbed xray dim isolated neutron stars xdinss while optical observations have allowed to relate the thermal emission to the neutron star cooling and to build the neutron star surface thermal map ir observations are critical to pinpoint a spectral turnover produced by a so far unseen magnetospheric component or by the presence of a fallback disk the detection of such a turnover can provide further evidence of a link between this class of isolated neutron stars and the magnetars which show a distinctive spectral flattening in the ir here we present the deepest ir observations ever of five xdinss which we use to constrain a spectral turnover in the ir and the presence of a fallback disk the data are obtained using the isaac instrument at the vlt for none of our targets it was possible to identify the ir counterpart down to limiting magnitudes h 215 229 although these limits are the deepest ever obtained for neutron stars of this class they are not deep enough to rule out the existence and the nature of a possible spectral flattening in the ir we also derive by using disk models the upper limits on the mass inflow rate in a fallback disk we find the existence of a putative fallback disk consistent although not confirmed with our observations
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707.0517
On the nature of Delta Scuti star HD 115520
As a continuation of the study of the newly found Delta Scuti star HD 115520, we present a period analysis of recently acquired photometric data covering four nights, as well as some conclusions on the nature of this star.
astro-ph
as a continuation of the study of the newly found delta scuti star hd 115520 we present a period analysis of recently acquired photometric data covering four nights as well as some conclusions on the nature of this star
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707.0518
Generalized handlebody sets and non-Haken 3-manifolds
In the curve complex for a surface, a handlebody set is the set of loops that bound properly embedded disks in a given handlebody bounded by the surface. A boundary set is the set of non-separating loops in the curve complex that bound two-sided, properly embedded surfaces. For a Heegaard splitting, the distance between the boundary sets of the handlebodies is zero if and only if the ambient manifold contains a non-separating, two sided incompressible surface. We show that the boundary set is 2-dense in the curve complex, i.e. every vertex is within two edges of a point in the boundary set.
math.GT
in the curve complex for a surface a handlebody set is the set of loops that bound properly embedded disks in a given handlebody bounded by the surface a boundary set is the set of nonseparating loops in the curve complex that bound twosided properly embedded surfaces for a heegaard splitting the distance between the boundary sets of the handlebodies is zero if and only if the ambient manifold contains a nonseparating two sided incompressible surface we show that the boundary set is 2dense in the curve complex ie every vertex is within two edges of a point in the boundary set
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707.0519
NaV2O4: a Quasi-1D Metallic Antiferromagnet with Half-Metallic Chains
NaV2O4 crystals were grown under high pressure using a NaCl flux, and the crystals were characterized with X-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, heat capacity, and magnetization. The structure of NaV2O4 consists of double chains of edge-sharing VO6 octahedra. The resistivity is highly anisotropic, with the resistivity perpendicular to the chains more than 20 times greater than that parallel to the chains. Magnetically, the intrachain interactions are ferromagnetic and the interchain interactions are antiferromagnetic; 3D antiferromagnetic order is established at 140 K. First principles electronic structure calculations indicate that the chains are half metallic. Interestingly, the case of NaV2O4 seems to be a quasi-1D analogue of what was found for half-metallic materials.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con
nav2o4 crystals were grown under high pressure using a nacl flux and the crystals were characterized with xray diffraction electrical resistivity heat capacity and magnetization the structure of nav2o4 consists of double chains of edgesharing vo6 octahedra the resistivity is highly anisotropic with the resistivity perpendicular to the chains more than 20 times greater than that parallel to the chains magnetically the intrachain interactions are ferromagnetic and the interchain interactions are antiferromagnetic 3d antiferromagnetic order is established at 140 k first principles electronic structure calculations indicate that the chains are half metallic interestingly the case of nav2o4 seems to be a quasi1d analogue of what was found for halfmetallic materials
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707.052
The Real Scalar Field Equation for Nariai Black Hole in the 5D Schwarzschild-de Sitter Black String Space
The Nariai black hole, whose two horizons are lying close to each other, is an extreme and important case in the research of black hole. In this paper we study the evolution of a massless scalar field scattered around in 5D Schwarzschild-de Sitter black string space. Using the method shown by Brevik and Simonsen (2001) we solve the scalar field equation as a boundary value problem, where real boundary condition is employed. Then with convenient replacement of the 5D continuous potential by square barrier, the reflection and transmission coefficients ($R, T$) are obtained. At last, we also compare the coefficients with usual 4D counterpart.
gr-qc
the nariai black hole whose two horizons are lying close to each other is an extreme and important case in the research of black hole in this paper we study the evolution of a massless scalar field scattered around in 5d schwarzschildde sitter black string space using the method shown by brevik and simonsen 2001 we solve the scalar field equation as a boundary value problem where real boundary condition is employed then with convenient replacement of the 5d continuous potential by square barrier the reflection and transmission coefficients r t are obtained at last we also compare the coefficients with usual 4d counterpart
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707.0521
The distance to the Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
A large multicolour, wide-field photometric database of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy has been analysed using three different methods to provide revised distance estimates based on stellar populations in different age intervals. The distance to Fornax was obtained from the Tip of the Red Giant Branch measured by a new method, and using the luminosity of Horizontal Branch stars and Red Clump stars correc ted for stellar population effects. Assuming a reddening $E(B-V)=0.02$, the following distance moduli were derived: $(m-M)_0=20.71 \pm 0.07$ based on the Tip of the Red Giant Branch, $(m-M)_0=20.72 \pm 0.06$ from the level of the Horizontal Branch, and $(m-M)_0=20.73 \pm 0.09$ using the Red Clump method. The weighted mean distance modulus to Fornax is $(m-M)_0=20.72 \pm 0.04$. All these measurements agree within the errors, and are fully consistent with previous determinations and with the distance measurements obtained in a companion paper from near-infrared colour-magnitude diagrams.
astro-ph
a large multicolour widefield photometric database of the fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy has been analysed using three different methods to provide revised distance estimates based on stellar populations in different age intervals the distance to fornax was obtained from the tip of the red giant branch measured by a new method and using the luminosity of horizontal branch stars and red clump stars correc ted for stellar population effects assuming a reddening ebv002 the following distance moduli were derived mm_02071 pm 007 based on the tip of the red giant branch mm_02072 pm 006 from the level of the horizontal branch and mm_02073 pm 009 using the red clump method the weighted mean distance modulus to fornax is mm_02072 pm 004 all these measurements agree within the errors and are fully consistent with previous determinations and with the distance measurements obtained in a companion paper from nearinfrared colourmagnitude diagrams
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707.0522
Superconductivity in spinel oxide LiTi2O4 epitaxial thin films
LiTi2O4 is a unique material in that it is the only known oxide spinel superconductor. Although bulk studies have demonstrated that superconductivity can be generally described by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schreiffer theory, the microscopic mechanisms of superconductivity are not yet resolved fully. The sensitivity of the superconducting properties to various defects of the spinel crystal structure provides insight into such mechanisms. Epitaxial films of LiTi2O4 on single crystalline substrates of MgAl2O4, MgO, and SrTiO3 provide model systems to systematically explore the effects of lattice strain and microstructural disorder. Lattice strain that affects bandwidth gives rise to limited variations in the superconducting and normal state properties. Microstructural disorder such as antiphase boundaries that give rise to Ti network disorder can reduce the critical temperature, but Ti network disorder combined with Mg interdiffusion can affect the superconducting state much more dramatically. Thickness dependent transport studies indicate a superconductor-insulator transition as a function of film thickness regardless of lattice strain and microstructure. In addition, surface sensitive X-ray absorption spectroscopy has identified Ti to retain site symmetry and average valence of the bulk material regardless of film thickness.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.mtrl-sci
liti2o4 is a unique material in that it is the only known oxide spinel superconductor although bulk studies have demonstrated that superconductivity can be generally described by the bardeencooperschreiffer theory the microscopic mechanisms of superconductivity are not yet resolved fully the sensitivity of the superconducting properties to various defects of the spinel crystal structure provides insight into such mechanisms epitaxial films of liti2o4 on single crystalline substrates of mgal2o4 mgo and srtio3 provide model systems to systematically explore the effects of lattice strain and microstructural disorder lattice strain that affects bandwidth gives rise to limited variations in the superconducting and normal state properties microstructural disorder such as antiphase boundaries that give rise to ti network disorder can reduce the critical temperature but ti network disorder combined with mg interdiffusion can affect the superconducting state much more dramatically thickness dependent transport studies indicate a superconductorinsulator transition as a function of film thickness regardless of lattice strain and microstructure in addition surface sensitive xray absorption spectroscopy has identified ti to retain site symmetry and average valence of the bulk material regardless of film thickness
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707.0523
Upper critical field of electron-doped Pr$_{2-x}$Ce$_x$CuO$_{4-\delta}$ in parallel magnetic fields
We report a systematic study of the resistive superconducting transition in the electron-doped cuprates Pr$_{2-x}$Ce$_{x}$CuO$_{4-\delta}$ down to 1.5 K for magnetic field up to 58 T applied parallel to the conducting ab-planes. We find that the zero temperature parallel critical field (H$_{c2\parallel ab}$(0)) exceeds 58 T for the underdoped and optimally-doped films. For the overdoped films, 58 T is sufficient to suppress the superconductivity. We also find that the Zeeman energy $\mu_B$H$_{c2\parallel ab}$(0) reaches the superconducting gap ($\triangle_0$), i.e. $\mu_B$H$_{c2\parallel ab}(0)\simeq \triangle_0$, for all the dopings, strongly suggesting that the parallel critical field is determined by the Pauli paramagnetic limit in electron-doped cuprates.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
we report a systematic study of the resistive superconducting transition in the electrondoped cuprates pr_2xce_xcuo_4delta down to 15 k for magnetic field up to 58 t applied parallel to the conducting abplanes we find that the zero temperature parallel critical field h_c2parallel ab0 exceeds 58 t for the underdoped and optimallydoped films for the overdoped films 58 t is sufficient to suppress the superconductivity we also find that the zeeman energy mu_bh_c2parallel ab0 reaches the superconducting gap triangle_0 ie mu_bh_c2parallel ab0simeq triangle_0 for all the dopings strongly suggesting that the parallel critical field is determined by the pauli paramagnetic limit in electrondoped cuprates
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707.0524
Smart Electromechanical Pumping of Electrons in a Nanopillars Transistor
Analysis of room-temperature current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of a silicon box in a nanopillar transistor suggests that a weak electromechanical coupling of 0.17 is responsible for the stable tunnel of single-electron. The dynamics involves a few electrons and the numbers (N) specified are periodical at 3, 6, and 12. Quantized currents are observed at N = 7 and 13, indicating that the box is a man-made atom. At a large value of 0.5, instability however dominates the I-V by showing interference, channel closure and the change of tunnel direction. Overall, the interplay of even and odd electrons between different channels also shows that the box operates itself like a smart quantum pump.
quant-ph
analysis of roomtemperature currentvoltage iv characteristics of a silicon box in a nanopillar transistor suggests that a weak electromechanical coupling of 017 is responsible for the stable tunnel of singleelectron the dynamics involves a few electrons and the numbers n specified are periodical at 3 6 and 12 quantized currents are observed at n 7 and 13 indicating that the box is a manmade atom at a large value of 05 instability however dominates the iv by showing interference channel closure and the change of tunnel direction overall the interplay of even and odd electrons between different channels also shows that the box operates itself like a smart quantum pump
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707.0525
High-Resolution Submillimeter Imaging of the Ly-alpha Blob1 in SSA 22
We present ~2" resolution submillimeter observations of the submillimeter luminous giant Ly-alpha blob (LAB1) in the SSA 22 protocluster at redshift z=3.1 with the Submillimeter Array (SMA). Although the expected submillimeter flux density is 16 mJy at 880 micron, no emission is detected with the 2".4 x 1".9 (18 x 14 kpc) beam at the 3 sigma level of 4.2 mJy beam^{-1} in the SMA field of view of 35". This is in contrast to the previous lower angular resolution (15") observations where a bright (17 mJy) unresolved submillimeter source was detected at 850 micron toward the LAB1 using the Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The SMA non-detection suggests that the spatial extent of the submillimeter emission of LAB1 should be larger than 4" (>30 kpc). The most likely interpretation of the spatially extended submillimeter emission is that starbursts occur throughout the large area in LAB1. Some part of the submillimeter emission may come from spatially extended dust expelled from starburst regions by galactic superwind. The spatial extent of the submillimeter emission of LAB1 is similar to those of high redshift radio galaxies rather than submillimeter galaxies.
astro-ph
we present 2 resolution submillimeter observations of the submillimeter luminous giant lyalpha blob lab1 in the ssa 22 protocluster at redshift z31 with the submillimeter array sma although the expected submillimeter flux density is 16 mjy at 880 micron no emission is detected with the 24 x 19 18 x 14 kpc beam at the 3 sigma level of 42 mjy beam1 in the sma field of view of 35 this is in contrast to the previous lower angular resolution 15 observations where a bright 17 mjy unresolved submillimeter source was detected at 850 micron toward the lab1 using the submillimeter commonuser bolometer array on the james clerk maxwell telescope the sma nondetection suggests that the spatial extent of the submillimeter emission of lab1 should be larger than 4 30 kpc the most likely interpretation of the spatially extended submillimeter emission is that starbursts occur throughout the large area in lab1 some part of the submillimeter emission may come from spatially extended dust expelled from starburst regions by galactic superwind the spatial extent of the submillimeter emission of lab1 is similar to those of high redshift radio galaxies rather than submillimeter galaxies
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707.0526
Two generalizations of Cheeger-Gromoll splitting theorem via Bakry-\'{E}mery Ricci curvature
In this paper, we prove two generalized versions of the Cheeger-Gromoll splitting theorem via the non-negativity of the Bakry-\'Emery Ricci curavture on complete Riemannian manifolds.
math.DG math.GT
in this paper we prove two generalized versions of the cheegergromoll splitting theorem via the nonnegativity of the bakryemery ricci curavture on complete riemannian manifolds
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707.0527
A general Schwarz Lemma for almost-Hermitian manifolds
We prove a version of Yau's Schwarz Lemma for general almost-complex manifolds equipped with Hermitian metrics. This requires an extension to this setting of the Laplacian comparison theorem. As an application we show that the product of two almost-complex manifolds does not admit any complete Hermitian metric with bisectional curvature bounded between two negative constants that satisfies some additional mild assumptions.
math.DG
we prove a version of yaus schwarz lemma for general almostcomplex manifolds equipped with hermitian metrics this requires an extension to this setting of the laplacian comparison theorem as an application we show that the product of two almostcomplex manifolds does not admit any complete hermitian metric with bisectional curvature bounded between two negative constants that satisfies some additional mild assumptions
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707.0528
Self-similar cosmological solutions with dark energy. I: formulation and asymptotic analysis
Based on the asymptotic analysis of ordinary differential equations, we classify all spherically symmetric self-similar solutions to the Einstein equations which are asymptotically Friedmann at large distances and contain a perfect fluid with equation of state $p=(\gamma -1)\mu$ with $0<\gamma<2/3$. This corresponds to a ``dark energy'' fluid and the Friedmann solution is accelerated in this case due to anti-gravity. This extends the previous analysis of spherically symmetric self-similar solutions for fluids with positive pressure ($\gamma>1$). However, in the latter case there is an additional parameter associated with the weak discontinuity at the sonic point and the solutions are only asymptotically ``quasi-Friedmann'', in the sense that they exhibit an angle deficit at large distances. In the $0<\gamma<2/3$ case, there is no sonic point and there exists a one-parameter family of solutions which are {\it genuinely} asymptotically Friedmann at large distances. We find eight classes of asymptotic behavior: Friedmann or quasi-Friedmann or quasi-static or constant-velocity at large distances, quasi-Friedmann or positive-mass singular or negative-mass singular at small distances, and quasi-Kantowski-Sachs at intermediate distances. The self-similar asymptotically quasi-static and quasi-Kantowski-Sachs solutions are analytically extendible and of great cosmological interest. We also investigate their conformal diagrams. The results of the present analysis are utilized in an accompanying paper to obtain and physically interpret numerical solutions.
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
based on the asymptotic analysis of ordinary differential equations we classify all spherically symmetric selfsimilar solutions to the einstein equations which are asymptotically friedmann at large distances and contain a perfect fluid with equation of state pgamma 1mu with 0gamma23 this corresponds to a dark energy fluid and the friedmann solution is accelerated in this case due to antigravity this extends the previous analysis of spherically symmetric selfsimilar solutions for fluids with positive pressure gamma1 however in the latter case there is an additional parameter associated with the weak discontinuity at the sonic point and the solutions are only asymptotically quasifriedmann in the sense that they exhibit an angle deficit at large distances in the 0gamma23 case there is no sonic point and there exists a oneparameter family of solutions which are it genuinely asymptotically friedmann at large distances we find eight classes of asymptotic behavior friedmann or quasifriedmann or quasistatic or constantvelocity at large distances quasifriedmann or positivemass singular or negativemass singular at small distances and quasikantowskisachs at intermediate distances the selfsimilar asymptotically quasistatic and quasikantowskisachs solutions are analytically extendible and of great cosmological interest we also investigate their conformal diagrams the results of the present analysis are utilized in an accompanying paper to obtain and physically interpret numerical solutions
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707.0529
Realization of universal quantum cloning with SQUID qubits in a cavity
We propose a scheme to realize $1\to 2$ universal quantum cloning machine (UQCM) with superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) qubits, embeded in a high-Q cavity. CNOT operations are derived to present our scheme, and the two-photon Raman resonance processes are used to increase the operation rate. Compared with previous works, our scheme has advantages in the experimental realization and further utilization.
quant-ph
we propose a scheme to realize 1to 2 universal quantum cloning machine uqcm with superconducting quantum interference device squid qubits embeded in a highq cavity cnot operations are derived to present our scheme and the twophoton raman resonance processes are used to increase the operation rate compared with previous works our scheme has advantages in the experimental realization and further utilization
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