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1,803.07967
|
Long-wavelength phonons in the crystalline and pasta phases of
neutron-star crusts
|
We study the long-wavelength excitations of the inner crust of neutron stars,
considering three phases: cubic crystal at low densities, rods and plates near
the core-crust transition. To describe the phonons, we write an effective
Lagrangian density in terms of the coarse-grained phase of the neutron
superfluid gap and of the average displacement field of the clusters. The
kinetic energy, including the entrainment of the neutron gas by the clusters,
is obtained within a superfluid hydrodynamics approach. The potential energy is
determined from a model where clusters and neutron gas are considered in phase
coexistence, augmented by the elasticity of the lattice due to Coulomb and
surface effects. All three phases show strong anisotropy, i.e., angle
dependence of the phonon velocities. Consequences for the specific heat at low
temperature are discussed.
|
nucl-th astro-ph.HE
|
we study the longwavelength excitations of the inner crust of neutron stars considering three phases cubic crystal at low densities rods and plates near the corecrust transition to describe the phonons we write an effective lagrangian density in terms of the coarsegrained phase of the neutron superfluid gap and of the average displacement field of the clusters the kinetic energy including the entrainment of the neutron gas by the clusters is obtained within a superfluid hydrodynamics approach the potential energy is determined from a model where clusters and neutron gas are considered in phase coexistence augmented by the elasticity of the lattice due to coulomb and surface effects all three phases show strong anisotropy ie angle dependence of the phonon velocities consequences for the specific heat at low temperature are discussed
|
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|
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|
1,803.07968
|
Impact of Indirect Contacts in Emerging Infectious Disease on Social
Networks
|
Interaction patterns among individuals play vital roles in spreading
infectious diseases. Understanding these patterns and integrating their impact
in modeling diffusion dynamics of infectious diseases are important for
epidemiological studies. Current network-based diffusion models assume that
diseases transmit through interactions where both infected and susceptible
individuals are co-located at the same time. However, there are several
infectious diseases that can transmit when a susceptible individual visits a
location after an infected individual has left. Recently, we introduced a
diffusion model called same place different time (SPDT) transmission to capture
the indirect transmissions that happen when an infected individual leaves
before a susceptible individual's arrival along with direct transmissions. In
this paper, we demonstrate how these indirect transmission links significantly
enhance the emergence of infectious diseases simulating airborne disease
spreading on a synthetic social contact network. We denote individuals having
indirect links but no direct links during their infectious periods as hidden
spreaders. Our simulation shows that indirect links play similar roles of
direct links and a single hidden spreader can cause large outbreak in the SPDT
model which causes no infection in the current model based on direct link. Our
work opens new direction in modeling infectious diseases.
|
cs.SI physics.soc-ph q-bio.PE
|
interaction patterns among individuals play vital roles in spreading infectious diseases understanding these patterns and integrating their impact in modeling diffusion dynamics of infectious diseases are important for epidemiological studies current networkbased diffusion models assume that diseases transmit through interactions where both infected and susceptible individuals are colocated at the same time however there are several infectious diseases that can transmit when a susceptible individual visits a location after an infected individual has left recently we introduced a diffusion model called same place different time spdt transmission to capture the indirect transmissions that happen when an infected individual leaves before a susceptible individuals arrival along with direct transmissions in this paper we demonstrate how these indirect transmission links significantly enhance the emergence of infectious diseases simulating airborne disease spreading on a synthetic social contact network we denote individuals having indirect links but no direct links during their infectious periods as hidden spreaders our simulation shows that indirect links play similar roles of direct links and a single hidden spreader can cause large outbreak in the spdt model which causes no infection in the current model based on direct link our work opens new direction in modeling infectious diseases
|
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|
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|
1,803.07969
|
Modulated class A laser: Stochastic resonance in a limit-cycle potential
system
|
We exploit the knowledge of the nonequilibrium potential in a model for the
modulated class A laser. We analyse both, the deterministic and the stochastic
dynamics of such a system in terms of the Lyapunov potential. Furthermore, we
analyse the stochastic response of such a system and explain it again using the
potential in a wide range of parameters and for small values of the noise. Such
a response is quantified by means of the amplification factor, founding
stochastic resonance within specific parameter's ranges.
|
cond-mat.stat-mech
|
we exploit the knowledge of the nonequilibrium potential in a model for the modulated class a laser we analyse both the deterministic and the stochastic dynamics of such a system in terms of the lyapunov potential furthermore we analyse the stochastic response of such a system and explain it again using the potential in a wide range of parameters and for small values of the noise such a response is quantified by means of the amplification factor founding stochastic resonance within specific parameters ranges
|
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|
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|
1,803.0797
|
Band Engineering of Carbon Nitride Monolayers by N-type, P-type, and
Isoelectronic Doping for Photocatalytic Applications
|
Since hydrogen fuel involves the highest energy density among all fuels,
production of this gas through the solar water splitting approach has been
suggested as a green remedy for greenhouse environmental issues due to
extensive consumption of fossil fuels. Low dimensional materials possessing a
large surface-to-volume ratio can be a promising candidate to be used for the
photocatalytic approach. Here, we used extensive first principles calculations
to investigate the application of newly fabricated members of two dimensional
carbon nitrides including tg-C3N4, hg-C3N4, C2N, and C3N for water splitting.
Band engineering via n-type, p-type, and isoelectronic doping agents such as B,
N, P, Si, and Ge was demonstrated for tuning the electronic structure;
optimizing solar absorption and band alignment for photocatalysis. Pristine
tg-C3N4, hg-C3N4, and C2N crystals involve bandgaps of 3.190 eV, 2.772 eV, and
2.465 eV, respectively, which are not proper for water splitting. Among the
dopants, Si and Ge dopants can narrow the band gap of carbon nitrides about 0.5
- 1.0 eV, and also increase their optical absorption in the visible spectrum.
This study presents the potential for doping with isoelectronic elements to
greatly improve the photocatalytic characteristics of carbon nitride
nanostructures.
|
physics.comp-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci
|
since hydrogen fuel involves the highest energy density among all fuels production of this gas through the solar water splitting approach has been suggested as a green remedy for greenhouse environmental issues due to extensive consumption of fossil fuels low dimensional materials possessing a large surfacetovolume ratio can be a promising candidate to be used for the photocatalytic approach here we used extensive first principles calculations to investigate the application of newly fabricated members of two dimensional carbon nitrides including tgc3n4 hgc3n4 c2n and c3n for water splitting band engineering via ntype ptype and isoelectronic doping agents such as b n p si and ge was demonstrated for tuning the electronic structure optimizing solar absorption and band alignment for photocatalysis pristine tgc3n4 hgc3n4 and c2n crystals involve bandgaps of 3190 ev 2772 ev and 2465 ev respectively which are not proper for water splitting among the dopants si and ge dopants can narrow the band gap of carbon nitrides about 05 10 ev and also increase their optical absorption in the visible spectrum this study presents the potential for doping with isoelectronic elements to greatly improve the photocatalytic characteristics of carbon nitride nanostructures
|
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|
[-0.059718337944433826, 0.13224723189635737, 0.06258685699109226, 0.0022628733023203553, 0.01226058377676267, -0.15482623910561125, 0.14566543140508076, 0.46974701086861737, -0.23654342375626353, -0.3645691407121163, 0.013399499623932222, -0.32141357449012153, -0.10999954257413071, 0.16584717617939881, 0.0044148023428514285, 0.015183131354167424, 0.03126235609685883, -0.1261029994038449, -0.07132636745054116, -0.20752605230379056, 0.218144846447258, 0.09791715928115585, 0.30359429267898913, 0.14277261113958492, 0.015869556787483235, -0.05579096504779374, 0.08548613514737573, -0.02243772673450331, -0.1369221518162955, 0.12615448540631444, 0.3267430824009662, -0.033329963360224514, 0.23702276671339975, -0.4141364212227153, -0.24557389130820817, 0.03994721774212481, 0.12444161053033585, 0.07341248376054708, -0.12854690693425352, -0.21624209083359133, 0.10949894381771261, -0.17536442716818976, -0.12131717511294211, -0.04094802840127352, 0.015554454628882207, 0.03400348664751831, -0.23278800603850655, 0.046614322777771874, -0.014488823862964326, 0.06193211681343103, -0.14541123214702895, -0.23602880287588515, -0.13474571846296735, 0.06148671843557361, 0.02031585011641158, -0.06065724002125554, 0.23347734944632356, -0.06502689334367576, -0.06927451084273809, 0.44603614801382446, -0.06404248885116837, -0.03237420705455464, 0.19533738039899617, -0.11116643223485494, -0.11901334393026426, 0.1981154761631339, 0.11842778273808592, 0.11539715716114982, -0.15161439391537918, 0.0744071808741787, 0.03612847974650225, 0.17712179909799586, 0.11283759751723722, 0.11665243349543357, 0.2360696530606142, 0.23075814530633618, 0.05835863580293161, 0.05489105469066689, -0.12989537748991156, 0.05344427461943966, -0.12249652166514004, -0.2723400706234586, -0.1755717342962174, 0.11403318075006494, -0.0641985609923103, -0.16887484283305387, 0.38571635593580916, 0.08656356286349151, 0.10802466960306814, -0.08744246322857314, 0.23109100498457222, 0.09704837716367849, 0.10726219161315771, 0.004884899477319584, 0.2713851391020766, 0.15278528563608912, 0.10545044406961174, -0.24566924191350017, 0.08555361227023396, -0.01403439489435999]
|
1,803.07971
|
Formation of periodical metal oxide multilayer structures for the X-ray
standing wave applications
|
Periodical multilayer (ML) structures can be used as generators of X-ray
standing waves (XSW) for investigation of objects and processes on solid/liquid
and solid/gas interfaces. In this paper, we investigate the specific
requirements to the structural properties of the multilayer structures for XSW
application. We consider the effect of typical defects in the ML structure on
the X-ray standing wave formation and show that the X-ray standing wave is very
robust against the random imperfection in the multilayer structure. In
contrast, the roughness of the topmost layer will have a strong influence on
the XSW experimental results, as the ML serves as a support for the
investigated objects, so that the surface geometry gets directly translated
into the objects. In the experimental part of this work, we have used the
ion-beam deposition to grow Ni/Al metal- and metal oxide-based multilayers and
investigate with AFM their surface quality. The presented results demonstrate
that metal oxides can be successfully used as basic material for X-ray
multilayer standing wave generators.
|
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
|
periodical multilayer ml structures can be used as generators of xray standing waves xsw for investigation of objects and processes on solidliquid and solidgas interfaces in this paper we investigate the specific requirements to the structural properties of the multilayer structures for xsw application we consider the effect of typical defects in the ml structure on the xray standing wave formation and show that the xray standing wave is very robust against the random imperfection in the multilayer structure in contrast the roughness of the topmost layer will have a strong influence on the xsw experimental results as the ml serves as a support for the investigated objects so that the surface geometry gets directly translated into the objects in the experimental part of this work we have used the ionbeam deposition to grow nial metal and metal oxidebased multilayers and investigate with afm their surface quality the presented results demonstrate that metal oxides can be successfully used as basic material for xray multilayer standing wave generators
|
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|
[-0.09994980323680504, 0.11961387855162521, -0.04914623087350123, 0.07418903314946275, -0.06466655954049376, -0.06787474182975328, 0.027176444430579014, 0.4353746678234039, -0.2804546053514364, -0.2896557568745342, 0.09377116529608402, -0.2735383728952851, -0.18882308590844898, 0.21435585717564662, 0.0075111874591135335, 0.08082436581705502, 0.0274226489158983, -0.06154584045337881, -0.05375361367139943, -0.19517096354274782, 0.32748002369614865, 0.060819395384221465, 0.3283759496275135, 0.06184047726986785, 0.03058464473537253, 0.02106493992680784, 0.08328170772128833, 0.03666346250269227, -0.14431232782174006, 0.10359547586141232, 0.25695988564880307, 0.02440935280174017, 0.20114025304897012, -0.5105504644644296, -0.27743434763658503, -0.05249209098746543, 0.1170336284624513, 0.11899504839623219, -0.0964170726452547, -0.25482056851772045, 0.11542786504620806, -0.11912824990768767, -0.12347272568811735, -0.025986264671706512, -0.023121814511180994, 0.05074926649713833, -0.19986296065701004, 0.017902963995532005, 0.06478214535923552, 0.041108058663057216, -0.10655393107434523, -0.10403337074209473, -0.06727664097920506, 0.1101611079676021, 0.03611960229226862, 0.01660830714645054, 0.15532124070394895, -0.13281896214898742, -0.09762238124232114, 0.3952196664623024, -0.055510065548991905, -0.14940747136562438, 0.2259186394638131, -0.12981910828199839, -0.0868916995307531, 0.09573108100326742, 0.22128324324410117, 0.11466493920428668, -0.11314312600695199, 0.0436451160457002, -0.026288347938575526, 0.20635490550821323, 0.09307458656031393, 0.04429998738178147, 0.2322898746292458, 0.21904606147094846, 0.004292495958618596, 0.18455992834670412, -0.13942466952425323, 0.019321087931846073, -0.2084625041234993, -0.20549394633107915, -0.15194701802781588, 0.026389837357815783, -0.04615292831107592, -0.22501451065234038, 0.4057734227198327, 0.13500126306266275, 0.18677508106321364, -0.034341684661102954, 0.2617196295247274, 0.09068250333232258, 0.06711581053524585, 0.009126284208516786, 0.2692339736577904, 0.14645234703973026, 0.10632290910026003, -0.2131466830377941, 0.13442156504571973, 0.002403704505302235]
|
1,803.07972
|
Photonuclear reaction as a probe for $\alpha$-clustering nuclei in the
quasi-deuteron region
|
Photon-nuclear reaction in a transport model frame, namely an Extended
Quantum Molecular Dynamics (EQMD) model, has been realised at the photon energy
of 70-140 MeV in the quasi-deuteron (QD) regime. For an important application,
we pay a special focus on photonuclear reactions of
$^{12}$C($\gamma$,np)$^{10}$B where $^{12}$C is considered as different
configurations including $\alpha$-clustering. Obvious differences for some
observables have been observed among different configurations, which can be
attributed to spatial-momentum correlation of a neutron-proton pair inside
nucleus, and therefore it gives us a sensitive probe to distinguish the
different configurations including $\alpha$ clustering with the help of the
photonuclear reaction mechanism.
|
nucl-th nucl-ex
|
photonnuclear reaction in a transport model frame namely an extended quantum molecular dynamics eqmd model has been realised at the photon energy of 70140 mev in the quasideuteron qd regime for an important application we pay a special focus on photonuclear reactions of 12cgammanp10b where 12c is considered as different configurations including alphaclustering obvious differences for some observables have been observed among different configurations which can be attributed to spatialmomentum correlation of a neutronproton pair inside nucleus and therefore it gives us a sensitive probe to distinguish the different configurations including alpha clustering with the help of the photonuclear reaction mechanism
|
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|
[-0.06673582295200439, 0.1495320371406816, -0.1003092722496902, 0.1405610681494999, 0.008341340572429783, -0.16933640243128092, -0.002196036006389844, 0.3701341434410124, -0.21885226140118608, -0.29207660063085233, -0.030413956049773278, -0.2820794803650128, -0.05593174625296296, 0.18650545166673685, 0.05248848132017737, 0.012026239158303448, 0.038429797508264654, 0.05514979140005178, -0.018402683595665777, -0.1436144970827783, 0.32718712636598885, 0.10751902928100805, 0.25971336081398255, 0.1287933039689005, 0.0894566755683039, 0.0018692525230686772, 0.010107183850116351, -0.033624006576384556, -0.12927619273294555, 0.04831849052241505, 0.2746762969822745, 0.044086922244686216, 0.17658215514713466, -0.4149456296417147, -0.22946587025253762, 0.1396559328687462, 0.16416194656807365, 0.12688696421706352, -0.047473012567309646, -0.2529063566371497, 0.024379541951636174, -0.21252893723401645, -0.1088642334527891, -0.06730207791693057, 0.03514224493575066, 0.034354905967102056, -0.27206385935271027, 0.021537414817798018, -0.010582895742522346, 0.022943357955852544, -0.05150513749833059, -0.1521275026742557, -0.009290820991883825, 0.12608586705873034, 0.055962246725091126, 0.03778493320957447, 0.1720483205751563, -0.10099695697709014, -0.11759105956856858, 0.4223864840512926, 0.0032215545711229846, -0.17898488224418174, 0.17637476533406762, -0.11012608711278499, -0.16902109201658855, 0.14965543315647115, 0.18117846515631736, 0.11914499758770972, -0.1600656502249867, 0.06679001037499425, -0.014461131428363685, 0.15276544049118806, 0.09665419461412562, 0.07311418241670713, 0.19523876858522382, 0.19261575783744003, 0.010550943292639774, 0.11834936493988892, -0.13189725345235806, -0.13292699395631902, -0.253987151052276, -0.10531047517033952, -0.09877491409354137, 0.08175538306717169, -0.022715367282584376, -0.10017871846341425, 0.3715913314184155, 0.07613503998803972, 0.22238490300140146, -0.10538432299455797, 0.23464277724857735, 0.08847425922861228, 0.08407058145361718, -0.00817639147862792, 0.2970554207729745, 0.1563502774206978, 0.07265833984458386, -0.24567694354548372, 0.09185180591061862, -0.00849786222056307]
|
1,803.07973
|
Non-rigid 3D Shape Registration using an Adaptive Template
|
We present a new fully-automatic non-rigid 3D shape registration (morphing)
framework comprising (1) a new 3D landmarking and pose normalisation method;
(2) an adaptive shape template method to accelerate the convergence of
registration algorithms and achieve a better final shape correspondence and (3)
a new iterative registration method that combines Iterative Closest Points with
Coherent Point Drift (CPD) to achieve a more stable and accurate correspondence
establishment than standard CPD. We call this new morphing approach Iterative
Coherent Point Drift (ICPD). Our proposed framework is evaluated qualitatively
and quantitatively on three datasets and compared with several other methods.
The proposed framework is shown to give state-of-the-art performance.
|
cs.CV
|
we present a new fullyautomatic nonrigid 3d shape registration morphing framework comprising 1 a new 3d landmarking and pose normalisation method 2 an adaptive shape template method to accelerate the convergence of registration algorithms and achieve a better final shape correspondence and 3 a new iterative registration method that combines iterative closest points with coherent point drift cpd to achieve a more stable and accurate correspondence establishment than standard cpd we call this new morphing approach iterative coherent point drift icpd our proposed framework is evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively on three datasets and compared with several other methods the proposed framework is shown to give stateoftheart performance
|
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|
[-0.018845261551246467, -0.10053671398603704, -0.1656855296492928, 0.06846356704800372, -0.04529679809556395, -0.22009019890606826, -0.008662738022394478, 0.4523987640398291, -0.25707831175751844, -0.32778754344491184, 0.053032217415506545, -0.204482913166636, -0.20878554384206544, 0.21330657379947743, -0.1424328217212603, 0.11656845896065517, 0.1429832184265526, -0.023443027768494946, -0.14067966785756345, -0.22302037808727823, 0.24842406062295064, 0.034414568564520694, 0.3493657194798426, -0.019167486589208665, 0.1574734066270362, -0.012841538157103196, -0.04385792772408645, 0.026153670606326382, -0.08291801328163755, 0.2063646583624606, 0.2124536179076388, 0.16269349461017213, 0.2393851541378096, -0.38525432956246836, -0.19250595550720562, 0.06114016586633505, 0.14602154507883824, 0.11984749127056929, -0.1030856749029964, -0.3143594932999409, 0.10282398786896593, -0.16185547450100476, -0.09210627437305619, -0.17938898649628995, -0.050071218758294324, -0.0268983323717894, -0.33405070653501545, 0.06487610512786492, 0.06229914352737086, 0.027640908429363988, -0.08220409044011864, -0.11956428053331966, 0.06862019995921555, 0.12271519653270689, -0.033800106370417436, 0.10302173178027964, 0.13672660413321178, -0.1062518644809969, -0.1691262905907659, 0.35353700770943797, -0.0428590101552611, -0.23032935636715507, 0.22942881079671798, -0.021838986921071443, -0.1204872840295001, 0.2077408648394751, 0.1920122754582169, 0.18475724795376355, -0.13641730162209637, -0.019367061000765424, -0.0007683562712287003, 0.17336387100974363, 0.04776909113158735, -0.07699293891662064, 0.13972251776403766, 0.24928242869604872, 0.11805498467336567, 0.1103915922032924, -0.1964724973164815, -0.09047398415727997, -0.23683542582505154, -0.14640369968374045, -0.13690999330390455, -0.06285400232651604, -0.12457691256384111, -0.16162235625522026, 0.4194776160677649, 0.2210313287159463, 0.20731892420927872, 0.09534735886274644, 0.387964083408972, 0.015735509072843375, 0.028618804319708976, 0.0947138071104111, 0.21952332025789217, 0.04855838422399928, 0.06930076901994224, -0.19338023651145259, 0.013573035123353859, 0.14778898236394492]
|
1,803.07974
|
Truncated Normal Forms for Solving Polynomial Systems: Generalized and
Efficient Algorithms
|
We consider the problem of finding the isolated common roots of a set of
polynomial functions defining a zero-dimensional ideal I in a ring R of
polynomials over C. Normal form algorithms provide an algebraic approach to
solve this problem. The framework presented in Telen et al. (2018) uses
truncated normal forms (TNFs) to compute the algebra structure of R/I and the
solutions of I. This framework allows for the use of much more general bases
than the standard monomials for R/I. This is exploited in this paper to
introduce the use of two special (nonmonomial) types of basis functions with
nice properties. This allows, for instance, to adapt the basis functions to the
expected location of the roots of I. We also propose algorithms for efficient
computation of TNFs and a generalization of the construction of TNFs in the
case of non-generic zero-dimensional systems. The potential of the TNF method
and usefulness of the new results are exposed by many experiments.
|
math.AG cs.SC math.NA
|
we consider the problem of finding the isolated common roots of a set of polynomial functions defining a zerodimensional ideal i in a ring r of polynomials over c normal form algorithms provide an algebraic approach to solve this problem the framework presented in telen et al 2018 uses truncated normal forms tnfs to compute the algebra structure of ri and the solutions of i this framework allows for the use of much more general bases than the standard monomials for ri this is exploited in this paper to introduce the use of two special nonmonomial types of basis functions with nice properties this allows for instance to adapt the basis functions to the expected location of the roots of i we also propose algorithms for efficient computation of tnfs and a generalization of the construction of tnfs in the case of nongeneric zerodimensional systems the potential of the tnf method and usefulness of the new results are exposed by many experiments
|
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|
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|
1,803.07975
|
Harmonic measure and quantitative connectivity: geometric
characterization of the $L^p$ solvability of the Dirichlet problem. Part II
|
Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb R^{n+1}$ be an open set with $n$-AD-regular
boundary. In this paper we prove that if the harmonic measure for $\Omega$
satisfies the so-called weak-$A_\infty$ condition, then $\Omega$ satisfies a
suitable connectivity condition, namely the weak local John condition. Together
with other previous results by Hofmann and Martell, this implies that the
weak-$A_\infty$ condition for harmonic measure holds if and only if
$\partial\Omega$ is uniformly $n$-rectifiable and the weak local John condition
is satisfied. This yields the first geometric characterization of the
weak-$A_\infty$ condition for harmonic measure, which is important because of
its connection with the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation.
|
math.AP math.CA
|
let omegasubsetmathbb rn1 be an open set with nadregular boundary in this paper we prove that if the harmonic measure for omega satisfies the socalled weaka_infty condition then omega satisfies a suitable connectivity condition namely the weak local john condition together with other previous results by hofmann and martell this implies that the weaka_infty condition for harmonic measure holds if and only if partialomega is uniformly nrectifiable and the weak local john condition is satisfied this yields the first geometric characterization of the weaka_infty condition for harmonic measure which is important because of its connection with the dirichlet problem for the laplace equation
|
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|
[-0.1664262292906642, 0.10755980053278001, -0.10726579260902808, 0.024676871129914242, -0.12627202923656167, -0.18466953431968303, -0.00983484280546762, 0.30648572258559953, -0.30332440325953797, -0.17182336137721352, 0.13703733662887493, -0.2503810764162564, -0.10076834666816627, 0.1903113377184662, -0.12199173076991357, 0.037072621883399895, 0.10184720390494548, 0.10597789695705562, -0.012616493233579997, -0.21427391603698626, 0.40705693133321463, -0.04589858358981563, 0.24628437272336917, 0.14237970816925644, 0.11765482693947121, -0.0025694806119609696, 0.0477415208576941, 0.01582767298289885, -0.23428763605625136, 0.09954888137758199, 0.14943569648426538, 0.1307363292983021, 0.31371364207884384, -0.38011720172111313, -0.16161933588777103, 0.1915181435042006, 0.06807102544653211, -0.06085992683588034, -0.006484757026876597, -0.31927453203345924, 0.17031409611523735, -0.017783589542423393, -0.22012266827126345, -0.036159042711255564, 0.06280086476209701, 0.040946876594805906, -0.3718878116422132, 0.11182121709719592, 0.17409419098540263, 0.04164430796734843, -0.11489710244738187, -0.04118897362301747, -0.027804957593188566, 0.05900695407306593, -0.011313158555376325, 0.11964844375638765, 0.017490507742645694, -0.03980817371641523, -0.012603520045933478, 0.3567895851481487, -0.0880130075452411, -0.2799736227447569, 0.11805772406103857, -0.2006387659211588, -0.17515452354050734, 0.018432420507237753, 0.02357210915229813, 0.12678187039187727, -0.15491651899783926, 0.19293041594666613, -0.11574509600063275, 0.1180407479439643, 0.14017598702590547, 0.009042700542611819, 0.07935769294443376, 0.08685894763352824, 0.20410225625314257, 0.16119981038683168, -0.005798029501045889, -0.004630703634272019, -0.37198365023177044, -0.17752903604003437, -0.20216015234187829, 0.09410765577180713, -0.07778529846066651, -0.18215590318226638, 0.2846100498173459, 0.07077832693489743, 0.15500522025075614, 0.1057915178883145, 0.2441901657091198, 0.17614095365327861, -0.020404599964226066, 0.09250646473967708, 0.1699371143248772, 0.1920762473703636, 0.07972155624142319, -0.16895540834258438, 0.05591106029483033, 0.15831704332730642]
|
1,803.07976
|
An Overview on Application of Machine Learning Techniques in Optical
Networks
|
Today's telecommunication networks have become sources of enormous amounts of
widely heterogeneous data. This information can be retrieved from network
traffic traces, network alarms, signal quality indicators, users' behavioral
data, etc. Advanced mathematical tools are required to extract meaningful
information from these data and take decisions pertaining to the proper
functioning of the networks from the network-generated data. Among these
mathematical tools, Machine Learning (ML) is regarded as one of the most
promising methodological approaches to perform network-data analysis and enable
automated network self-configuration and fault management. The adoption of ML
techniques in the field of optical communication networks is motivated by the
unprecedented growth of network complexity faced by optical networks in the
last few years. Such complexity increase is due to the introduction of a huge
number of adjustable and interdependent system parameters (e.g., routing
configurations, modulation format, symbol rate, coding schemes, etc.) that are
enabled by the usage of coherent transmission/reception technologies, advanced
digital signal processing and compensation of nonlinear effects in optical
fiber propagation. In this paper we provide an overview of the application of
ML to optical communications and networking. We classify and survey relevant
literature dealing with the topic, and we also provide an introductory tutorial
on ML for researchers and practitioners interested in this field. Although a
good number of research papers have recently appeared, the application of ML to
optical networks is still in its infancy: to stimulate further work in this
area, we conclude the paper proposing new possible research directions.
|
cs.NI cs.LG stat.ML
|
todays telecommunication networks have become sources of enormous amounts of widely heterogeneous data this information can be retrieved from network traffic traces network alarms signal quality indicators users behavioral data etc advanced mathematical tools are required to extract meaningful information from these data and take decisions pertaining to the proper functioning of the networks from the networkgenerated data among these mathematical tools machine learning ml is regarded as one of the most promising methodological approaches to perform networkdata analysis and enable automated network selfconfiguration and fault management the adoption of ml techniques in the field of optical communication networks is motivated by the unprecedented growth of network complexity faced by optical networks in the last few years such complexity increase is due to the introduction of a huge number of adjustable and interdependent system parameters eg routing configurations modulation format symbol rate coding schemes etc that are enabled by the usage of coherent transmissionreception technologies advanced digital signal processing and compensation of nonlinear effects in optical fiber propagation in this paper we provide an overview of the application of ml to optical communications and networking we classify and survey relevant literature dealing with the topic and we also provide an introductory tutorial on ml for researchers and practitioners interested in this field although a good number of research papers have recently appeared the application of ml to optical networks is still in its infancy to stimulate further work in this area we conclude the paper proposing new possible research directions
|
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|
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|
1,803.07977
|
Les Houches 2017: Physics at TeV Colliders Standard Model Working Group
Report
|
This Report summarizes the proceedings of the 2017 Les Houches workshop on
Physics at TeV Colliders. Session 1 dealt with (I) new developments relevant
for high precision Standard Model calculations, (II) theoretical uncertainties
and dataset dependence of parton distribution functions, (III) new developments
in jet substructure techniques, (IV) issues in the theoretical description of
the production of Standard Model Higgs bosons and how to relate experimental
measurements, (V) phenomenological studies essential for comparing LHC data
from Run II with theoretical predictions and projections for future
measurements, and (VI) new developments in Monte Carlo event generators.
|
hep-ph
|
this report summarizes the proceedings of the 2017 les houches workshop on physics at tev colliders session 1 dealt with i new developments relevant for high precision standard model calculations ii theoretical uncertainties and dataset dependence of parton distribution functions iii new developments in jet substructure techniques iv issues in the theoretical description of the production of standard model higgs bosons and how to relate experimental measurements v phenomenological studies essential for comparing lhc data from run ii with theoretical predictions and projections for future measurements and vi new developments in monte carlo event generators
|
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|
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|
1,803.07978
|
Collective flows of $^{16}$O + $^{16}$O collisions with
$\alpha$-clustering configurations
|
The main purpose of the present paper is to discuss whether or not the
collective flows in heavy-ion collision at Fermi energy can be taken as a tool
to investigate the cluster configuration in light nuclei. In practice, within
an Extended Quantum Molecular Dynamics model, four $\alpha$-clustering (linear
chain, kite, square, and tetrahedron) configurations of $^{16}$O are employed
in the initialization, $^{16}$O+$^{16}$O around Fermi energy (40 - 60
MeV$/$nucleon) with impact parameter 1 - 3 fm are simulated, the directed and
elliptic flows are analyzed. It is found that collective flows are influenced
by the different $\alpha$-clustering configurations, and the directed flow of
free protons is more sensitive to the initial cluster configuration than the
elliptic flow. Nuclear reaction at Fermi energy can be taken a useful way to
study cluster configuration in light nuclei.
|
nucl-th nucl-ex
|
the main purpose of the present paper is to discuss whether or not the collective flows in heavyion collision at fermi energy can be taken as a tool to investigate the cluster configuration in light nuclei in practice within an extended quantum molecular dynamics model four alphaclustering linear chain kite square and tetrahedron configurations of 16o are employed in the initialization 16o16o around fermi energy 40 60 mevnucleon with impact parameter 1 3 fm are simulated the directed and elliptic flows are analyzed it is found that collective flows are influenced by the different alphaclustering configurations and the directed flow of free protons is more sensitive to the initial cluster configuration than the elliptic flow nuclear reaction at fermi energy can be taken a useful way to study cluster configuration in light nuclei
|
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|
[-0.11509217510150424, 0.21071379316396946, -0.103508996698678, 0.11967358105777434, 0.002282389070264491, -0.11134805011167366, -0.030289672156690824, 0.40060786426739586, -0.2536485570174803, -0.3052648800037281, 0.03145074454237728, -0.2931969789473018, -0.02658007584715304, 0.17632563723447292, 0.02931363022662139, 0.03662337780110818, 0.08933641589106642, 0.040651851713559346, -0.027336392696960865, -0.20952997700384768, 0.3303792181361775, 0.10294406395668122, 0.2431477881631905, 0.06587090835682488, 0.03575246323152144, 0.024117857534648443, 0.022677149965000667, 0.030299622950641283, -0.12740163935578816, 0.07580188322021045, 0.2708090700461228, 0.015538244473194717, 0.19377542528519898, -0.4299565834182322, -0.20151354494343574, 0.09241275716558996, 0.17606744026639184, 0.11993579479473594, -0.013414646014488036, -0.25307268634984703, 0.06639717167761541, -0.2016233337160788, -0.19652578927562536, -0.06399148224180747, 0.011980636514499224, 0.06385283919814554, -0.19305187513127475, 0.05001276046653887, -0.004711440348160923, 0.07744112553397067, -0.07748650017901695, -0.14741463896195242, -0.05126027422046807, 0.0943938833013653, 0.023887673743888456, 0.06299594144754399, 0.2023285026732076, -0.0919446406546364, -0.07296314773927058, 0.4411666929385716, 0.02206148133957601, -0.16880949729479344, 0.15835842006328635, -0.148024561809712, -0.11050506322154481, 0.1662199552331988, 0.2023117431348428, 0.10265827547982895, -0.1796417618800599, 0.02105350336418802, -0.017049744544914903, 0.16699902609662903, 0.04378945364518777, -0.022711520715217506, 0.19870899059578664, 0.18412786818816698, 0.06314032558085662, 0.1345645416745937, -0.1496135326298444, -0.14717830332780354, -0.26739346404748976, -0.07477135421214555, -0.13172721086223996, 0.04745561701844751, -0.048661910522316894, -0.07994703076695814, 0.3726256222891292, 0.05796524775245813, 0.18231289078222407, -0.0800262431354136, 0.23562363157034816, 0.05744590045082474, 0.039153765841506254, 0.13090405577471606, 0.2760804397705242, 0.14088670397352399, 0.10118548483832886, -0.2534246901680428, 0.019796847810450578, 0.04038988980394613]
|
1,803.07979
|
Use of Genome Information-Based Potentials to Characterize Human
Adaptation
|
As a living information and communications system, the genome encodes
patterns in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reflecting human adaption
that optimizes population survival in differing environments. This paper
mathematically models environmentally induced adaptive forces that quantify
changes in the distribution of SNP frequencies between populations. We make
direct connections between biophysical methods (e.g. minimizing genomic free
energy) and concepts in population genetics. Our unbiased computer program
scanned a large set of SNPs in the major histocompatibility complex region, and
flagged an altitude dependency on a SNP associated with response to oxygen
deprivation. The statistical power of our double-blind approach is demonstrated
in the flagging of mathematical functional correlations of SNP
information-based potentials in multiple populations with specific
environmental parameters. Furthermore, our approach provides insights for new
discoveries on the biology of common variants. This paper demonstrates the
power of biophysical modeling of population diversity for better understanding
genome-environment interactions in biological phenomenon.
|
q-bio.PE physics.bio-ph
|
as a living information and communications system the genome encodes patterns in single nucleotide polymorphisms snps reflecting human adaption that optimizes population survival in differing environments this paper mathematically models environmentally induced adaptive forces that quantify changes in the distribution of snp frequencies between populations we make direct connections between biophysical methods eg minimizing genomic free energy and concepts in population genetics our unbiased computer program scanned a large set of snps in the major histocompatibility complex region and flagged an altitude dependency on a snp associated with response to oxygen deprivation the statistical power of our doubleblind approach is demonstrated in the flagging of mathematical functional correlations of snp informationbased potentials in multiple populations with specific environmental parameters furthermore our approach provides insights for new discoveries on the biology of common variants this paper demonstrates the power of biophysical modeling of population diversity for better understanding genomeenvironment interactions in biological phenomenon
|
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|
[-0.09185483143125223, 0.06707906058539609, -0.06256106848842372, 0.12449708164381233, -0.059773633632784255, -0.12750918624786944, 0.10960659433760686, 0.3770835188137281, -0.2695208688926519, -0.32073439713814206, -0.004821548577620099, -0.2805302727856482, -0.2380385124217102, 0.18388934382885103, -0.13058648091476466, 0.006556327320405572, 0.10219084876123045, -0.02202101830942001, 0.059521135850963705, -0.20607797226665037, 0.26114124910511227, 0.07260749053263217, 0.29560056846706034, 0.0029335476408249217, 0.11126742703494745, 0.007358065272823272, -0.06917461497548795, -0.00853975432992771, -0.10641067047707123, 0.18982986765509874, 0.3359672217979915, 0.21824540228071, 0.36503411210234593, -0.4339325985692392, -0.26054678130154774, 0.1134388044211298, 0.1420759212965607, 0.12196269188853388, -0.06656125643666809, -0.25900367994034135, 0.002278818776646, -0.1459687195459245, -0.0816710876934662, -0.05340222148409742, 0.0022510615306974248, 0.056829812787689074, -0.27055629965115263, 0.14720847240852697, -0.0058421184715895065, 0.18328108219545494, -0.0727118994818618, -0.12782052397536767, -0.030304651368187357, 0.1961756755955616, 0.0553393068489008, -0.019331621025405234, 0.2027946954010215, -0.1437259503695744, -0.1347741016714112, 0.3188841601105913, 0.0039908371322991834, -0.19488518086016496, 0.23681399132748018, -0.14602438027396897, -0.20017171329171057, 0.10206592071875437, 0.20947657680040263, 0.05967725671994321, -0.24265605468605184, 0.021645290409338148, 0.02003496622864083, 0.2195537725821236, 0.06550079656900554, 0.038793060129480625, 0.20845235699158632, 0.23363805021967318, 0.021916654141348423, 0.10175728461464607, -0.10306502893815335, -0.11355499409922454, -0.19445798330553282, -0.11749585866712231, -0.12723333123914854, 0.011836396904958302, -0.10742208755924752, -0.1883442708543989, 0.4239343729622613, 0.15050254781148012, 0.13577689299597373, 0.07665558301054237, 0.2750261695199763, -0.005893749759177097, 0.09512674494874694, -0.03697064132984752, 0.1290458750067624, 0.08488773201462745, 0.04521322223845105, -0.2715711900224255, 0.15743787310298976, -0.04133955518011966]
|
1,803.0798
|
Information Theoretic Interpretation of Deep learning
|
We interpret part of the experimental results of Shwartz-Ziv and Tishby
[2017]. Inspired by these results, we established a conjecture of the dynamics
of the machinary of deep neural network. This conjecture can be used to explain
the counterpart result by Saxe et al. [2018].
|
cs.LG cs.AI cs.IT math.IT stat.ML
|
we interpret part of the experimental results of shwartzziv and tishby 2017 inspired by these results we established a conjecture of the dynamics of the machinary of deep neural network this conjecture can be used to explain the counterpart result by saxe et al 2018
|
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|
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|
1,803.07981
|
A time-dependent scoring system for soccer leagues
|
In this paper, a new continuous scoring system for soccer is proposed, based
on the proportion of time that a team is winning, losing or tied. Several
simulations are made applying this technique to complete seasons of different
leagues. As some preliminary fundamental analysis previews, the simulation
results show that this proposal compacts the gap between several teams,
increasing the competitiveness of the championships and making the matches even
more challenging as every minute may count in order to get the best rank in the
final standings. Based on those results, some characteristics of the model are
highlighted and a discussion on some of the advantages, disadvantages and
practical issues regarding a hypothetical implementation of this model is made.
Finally, some ideas to tackle the less positive effects of an implementation in
real leagues is also provided.
|
stat.AP
|
in this paper a new continuous scoring system for soccer is proposed based on the proportion of time that a team is winning losing or tied several simulations are made applying this technique to complete seasons of different leagues as some preliminary fundamental analysis previews the simulation results show that this proposal compacts the gap between several teams increasing the competitiveness of the championships and making the matches even more challenging as every minute may count in order to get the best rank in the final standings based on those results some characteristics of the model are highlighted and a discussion on some of the advantages disadvantages and practical issues regarding a hypothetical implementation of this model is made finally some ideas to tackle the less positive effects of an implementation in real leagues is also provided
|
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|
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|
1,803.07982
|
Isolated highly localized bands in $\mathrm{YbI_2}$ monolayer caused by
$4f$ orbitals
|
The novel electronic structures can induce unique physical properties in
two-dimensional (2D) materials. In this work, we report isolated highly
localized bands in $\mathrm{YbI_2}$ monolayer by the first-principle
calculations within generalized gradient approximation (GGA) plus spin-orbit
coupling (SOC). It is found that $\mathrm{YbI_2}$ monolayer is an indirect-gap
semiconductor using both GGA and GGA+SOC. The calculations reveal that Yb-$4f$
orbitals constitute isolated highly localized bands below the Fermi level at
the absence of SOC, and the bands are split into the $j = 7/2$ and $j = 5/2$
states with SOC. The isolated highly localized bands can lead to very large
Seebeck coefficient and very low electrical conductivity in p-type doping by
producing very large effective mass of the carrier. It is proved that isolated
highly localized bands have very strong stability again strain, which is very
important for practical application. When the onsite Coulomb interaction is
added to the Yb-$4f$ orbitals, isolated highly localized bands persist, and
only their relative positions in the gap change. These findings open a new
window to search for novel electronic structures in 2D materials.
|
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
|
the novel electronic structures can induce unique physical properties in twodimensional 2d materials in this work we report isolated highly localized bands in mathrmybi_2 monolayer by the firstprinciple calculations within generalized gradient approximation gga plus spinorbit coupling soc it is found that mathrmybi_2 monolayer is an indirectgap semiconductor using both gga and ggasoc the calculations reveal that yb4f orbitals constitute isolated highly localized bands below the fermi level at the absence of soc and the bands are split into the j 72 and j 52 states with soc the isolated highly localized bands can lead to very large seebeck coefficient and very low electrical conductivity in ptype doping by producing very large effective mass of the carrier it is proved that isolated highly localized bands have very strong stability again strain which is very important for practical application when the onsite coulomb interaction is added to the yb4f orbitals isolated highly localized bands persist and only their relative positions in the gap change these findings open a new window to search for novel electronic structures in 2d materials
|
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|
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|
1,803.07983
|
Strategies for Constraining the Atmospheres of Temperate Terrestrial
Planets with JWST
|
TESS is expected to discover dozens of temperate terrestrial planets orbiting
M dwarfs whose atmospheres could be followed up with the James Webb Space
Telescope (JWST). Currently, the TRAPPIST-1 system serves as a benchmark to
determine the feasibility and resources required to yield atmospheric
constraints. We assess these questions and leverage an information content
analysis to determine observing strategies for yielding high precision
spectroscopy in transmission and emission. Our goal is to guide observing
strategies of temperate terrestrial planets in preparation for the early JWST
cycles. First, we explore JWST's current capabilities and expected spectral
precision for targets near the saturation limits of specific modes. In doing
so, we highlight the enhanced capabilities of high efficiency readout patterns
that are being considered for implementation in Cycle 2. We propose a partial
saturation strategy to increase the achievable precision of JWST's NIRSpec
Prism. We show that JWST has the potential to detect the dominant absorbing gas
in the atmospheres of temperate terrestrial planets by the 10th transit using
transmission spectroscopy techniques in the near-IR. We also show that stacking
$\gtrapprox$10 transmission spectroscopy observations is unlikely to yield
significant improvements in determining atmospheric composition. For emission
spectroscopy, we show that the MIRI LRS is unlikely to provide robust
constraints on the atmospheric composition of temperate terrestrial planets.
Higher precision emission spectroscopy at wavelengths longward of those
accessible to MIRI LRS, as proposed in the Origins Space Telescope concept,
could help improve the constraints on molecular abundances of temperate
terrestrial planets orbiting M-dwarfs.
|
astro-ph.EP
|
tess is expected to discover dozens of temperate terrestrial planets orbiting m dwarfs whose atmospheres could be followed up with the james webb space telescope jwst currently the trappist1 system serves as a benchmark to determine the feasibility and resources required to yield atmospheric constraints we assess these questions and leverage an information content analysis to determine observing strategies for yielding high precision spectroscopy in transmission and emission our goal is to guide observing strategies of temperate terrestrial planets in preparation for the early jwst cycles first we explore jwsts current capabilities and expected spectral precision for targets near the saturation limits of specific modes in doing so we highlight the enhanced capabilities of high efficiency readout patterns that are being considered for implementation in cycle 2 we propose a partial saturation strategy to increase the achievable precision of jwsts nirspec prism we show that jwst has the potential to detect the dominant absorbing gas in the atmospheres of temperate terrestrial planets by the 10th transit using transmission spectroscopy techniques in the nearir we also show that stacking gtrapprox10 transmission spectroscopy observations is unlikely to yield significant improvements in determining atmospheric composition for emission spectroscopy we show that the miri lrs is unlikely to provide robust constraints on the atmospheric composition of temperate terrestrial planets higher precision emission spectroscopy at wavelengths longward of those accessible to miri lrs as proposed in the origins space telescope concept could help improve the constraints on molecular abundances of temperate terrestrial planets orbiting mdwarfs
|
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|
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|
1,803.07984
|
Online data assimilation in distributionally robust optimization
|
This paper considers a class of real-time decision making problems to
minimize the expected value of a function that depends on a random variable
$\xi$ under an unknown distribution $\mathbb{P}$. In this process, samples of
$\xi$ are collected sequentially in real time, and the decisions are made,
using the real-time data, to guarantee out-of-sample performance. We approach
this problem in a distributionally robust optimization framework and propose a
novel Online Data Assimilation Algorithm for this purpose. This algorithm
guarantees the out-of-sample performance in high probability, and gradually
improves the quality of the data-driven decisions by incorporating the
streaming data. We show that the Online Data Assimilation Algorithm guarantees
convergence under the streaming data, and a criteria for termination of the
algorithm after certain number of data has been collected.
|
math.OC cs.SY eess.SP eess.SY stat.CO stat.ME
|
this paper considers a class of realtime decision making problems to minimize the expected value of a function that depends on a random variable xi under an unknown distribution mathbbp in this process samples of xi are collected sequentially in real time and the decisions are made using the realtime data to guarantee outofsample performance we approach this problem in a distributionally robust optimization framework and propose a novel online data assimilation algorithm for this purpose this algorithm guarantees the outofsample performance in high probability and gradually improves the quality of the datadriven decisions by incorporating the streaming data we show that the online data assimilation algorithm guarantees convergence under the streaming data and a criteria for termination of the algorithm after certain number of data has been collected
|
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|
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|
1,803.07985
|
BioTracker: An Open-Source Computer Vision Framework for Visual Animal
Tracking
|
The study of animal behavior increasingly relies on (semi-) automatic methods
for the extraction of relevant behavioral features from video or picture data.
To date, several specialized software products exist to detect and track
animals' positions in simple (laboratory) environments. Tracking animals in
their natural environments, however, often requires substantial customization
of the image processing algorithms to the problem-specific image
characteristics. Here we introduce BioTracker, an open-source computer vision
framework, that provides programmers with core functionalities that are
essential parts of a tracking software, such as video I/O, graphics overlays
and mouse and keyboard interfaces. BioTracker additionally provides a number of
different tracking algorithms suitable for a variety of image recording
conditions. The main feature of BioTracker is however the straightforward
implementation of new problem-specific tracking modules and vision algorithms
that can build upon BioTracker's core functionalities. With this open-source
framework the scientific community can accelerate their research and focus on
the development of new vision algorithms.
|
cs.CV
|
the study of animal behavior increasingly relies on semi automatic methods for the extraction of relevant behavioral features from video or picture data to date several specialized software products exist to detect and track animals positions in simple laboratory environments tracking animals in their natural environments however often requires substantial customization of the image processing algorithms to the problemspecific image characteristics here we introduce biotracker an opensource computer vision framework that provides programmers with core functionalities that are essential parts of a tracking software such as video io graphics overlays and mouse and keyboard interfaces biotracker additionally provides a number of different tracking algorithms suitable for a variety of image recording conditions the main feature of biotracker is however the straightforward implementation of new problemspecific tracking modules and vision algorithms that can build upon biotrackers core functionalities with this opensource framework the scientific community can accelerate their research and focus on the development of new vision algorithms
|
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|
[-0.08583240797135006, 0.0066029100735016605, -0.08191700680897786, 0.024182650233762197, -0.13434619538766596, -0.18360995560084495, -0.03459478249677863, 0.46392098014266825, -0.24884715244675484, -0.37531731384567535, 0.10481387329174396, -0.2155251826864118, -0.1829184680409992, 0.2580679536734421, -0.14203920306411022, 0.09765824482056838, 0.1476908991149125, 0.024720733895754583, -0.020123479112487238, -0.20590723592949173, 0.24754746090202856, 0.05628001077387195, 0.32337323671135193, 0.03559419908784688, 0.08829387125203936, -0.013350402793058982, -0.08486492123204069, -0.046274881126382984, -0.0720401372967526, 0.19912807021337825, 0.37009222861021185, 0.27386686395113474, 0.3215654080059045, -0.4725706718730716, -0.16621988267975096, 0.05382971328426487, 0.17129706118542415, 0.08924604292499283, -0.10630092721951839, -0.30732110895377657, 0.07410616247962491, -0.16658014646516398, -0.044604837586983845, -0.13597112155865687, 0.0097326982097748, 0.02600598913312961, -0.2135592804541095, -0.034229269895989164, 0.04768278172466522, 0.14498621155507863, -0.03496181567569669, -0.09253693409622289, 0.05309927370026111, 0.2162331550826844, 0.006035015021319477, 0.013524633014383607, 0.22988921627462006, -0.20698909629703474, -0.16322262652922803, 0.4044479902965041, 0.03342731510145733, -0.17339382721827581, 0.2838115831240056, -0.010745577258953394, -0.18036722051552856, 0.11081030730826733, 0.2500405203168973, 0.09989952651831584, -0.1903613403899213, 0.05461174537814282, 0.009917465041582592, 0.1840806775368177, 0.03722309773990837, 0.01206903871990597, 0.20155149939446113, 0.2262780581935285, 0.039063999709935904, 0.1026159026085411, -0.06897879543248564, -0.059884591438532926, -0.2057071587560364, -0.17009975535807031, -0.13656928633244184, -0.06277460150737077, -0.08256434587691239, -0.20966594309235612, 0.40826883574780554, 0.23037775312639916, 0.1230394124898176, 0.05333117910254842, 0.39173982395097995, -0.04492176043351766, 0.15503020678611043, 0.06807877709312986, 0.12639968866446558, -0.005127301141142081, 0.18422130002186465, -0.14468054804549468, 0.09261847988594897, 0.03995828836177213]
|
1,803.07986
|
High-mass stars in Milky Way clusters
|
Young open clusters are our laboratories for studying high-mass star
formation and evolution. Unfortunately, the information that they provide is
difficult to interpret, and sometimes contradictory. In this contribution, I
present a few examples of the uncertainties that we face when confronting
observations with theoretical models and our own assumptions.
|
astro-ph.SR
|
young open clusters are our laboratories for studying highmass star formation and evolution unfortunately the information that they provide is difficult to interpret and sometimes contradictory in this contribution i present a few examples of the uncertainties that we face when confronting observations with theoretical models and our own assumptions
|
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|
[-0.033699692003428934, 0.07149571249261498, -0.10340265732258558, 0.14289994806051254, -0.13928672801237554, -0.10938806722871959, 0.050727175562642515, 0.4338076047599316, -0.21709431767463683, -0.35715623416006564, 0.15180960349505768, -0.28325202014297246, -0.09240648692473769, 0.19546735111624003, -0.09068515161052346, -0.015106700491160155, 0.1535952027514577, -0.040078867654665375, -0.02392926793778315, -0.31604727800935506, 0.34620211087167263, 0.06876711223740131, 0.14791540244594217, 0.053783788150176405, -0.008889359962195158, -0.12245836582733319, -0.07102174869738519, -0.012696302244439722, -0.16700681406218792, 0.1312644049397204, 0.2968677748027403, 0.19744513727724552, 0.24716263716574757, -0.43359765991568566, -0.19686689684167505, 0.03322427088394761, 0.16185132692568005, 0.11106528248637915, -0.13099517984781414, -0.26569108171388506, 0.06617312474176287, -0.1453258375171572, -0.14012038182467224, -0.07095042927190662, 0.03714356857351959, 0.02017822416499257, -0.2511199823720381, 0.08090408584102989, 0.04657853975892067, 0.038101048171520234, -0.0804065974522382, -0.12174946814775467, 0.037731669135391714, 0.1687531378195854, 0.07352315036114306, 0.03547932504443452, 0.11448909976519644, -0.1838332779845223, -0.09868113860487938, 0.39921294458210466, -0.00403137793764472, -0.14411125529557467, 0.29004200430586935, -0.1868633160740137, -0.2565660938154906, 0.05655257787555456, 0.10713158193975687, 0.09746796178631484, -0.1766109038484865, -0.013254466200014576, -0.028909670058637857, 0.1576714522833936, -0.01644879035768099, 0.05687625707127154, 0.30348004043102267, 0.18372953013749793, -0.0491264727152884, 0.08348164401948452, -0.07211442140862345, -0.11241809043101966, -0.2864098968286999, -0.08177651750855147, -0.11256141374353319, 0.060291136372834446, -0.0410255355751724, -0.11072285929694772, 0.3298617809312418, 0.21409292889758944, 0.23370976683683695, 0.05903145503252745, 0.31701803255826233, 0.03741689809015952, 0.04028008389286697, 0.09833837849088013, 0.2629992439597845, 0.1377236571907997, 0.056322445012629035, -0.1986658867355436, 0.11977493866346776, -0.09407146291807295]
|
1,803.07987
|
Heat transport via a local two-state system near thermal equilibrium
|
Heat transport in spin-boson systems near the thermal equilibrium is
systematically investigated. An asymptotically exact expression for the thermal
conductance in a low-temperature regime wherein transport is described via a
co-tunneling mechanism is derived. This formula predicts the power-law
temperature dependence of thermal conductance $\propto T^{2s+1}$ for a thermal
environment of spectral density with the exponent $s$. An accurate numerical
simulation is performed using the quantum Monte Carlo method, and these
predictions are confirmed for arbitrary thermal baths. Our numerical
calculation classifies the transport mechanism, and shows that the
noninteracting-blip approximation quantitatively describes thermal conductance
in the incoherent transport regime.
|
cond-mat.mes-hall
|
heat transport in spinboson systems near the thermal equilibrium is systematically investigated an asymptotically exact expression for the thermal conductance in a lowtemperature regime wherein transport is described via a cotunneling mechanism is derived this formula predicts the powerlaw temperature dependence of thermal conductance propto t2s1 for a thermal environment of spectral density with the exponent s an accurate numerical simulation is performed using the quantum monte carlo method and these predictions are confirmed for arbitrary thermal baths our numerical calculation classifies the transport mechanism and shows that the noninteractingblip approximation quantitatively describes thermal conductance in the incoherent transport regime
|
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|
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|
1,803.07988
|
Eigenvalues for a combination between local and nonlocal $p-$Laplacians
|
In this paper we study the Dirichlet eigenvalue problem $$ -\Delta_p
u-\Delta_{J,p}u =\lambda|u|^{p-2}u \quad \text{ in } \Omega,\quad u=0
\quad\text{ in } \Omega^c=\mathbb{R}^N\setminus\Omega. $$ Here $\Delta_p u$ is
the standard local $p-$Laplacian, $\Delta_{J,p}u$ is a nonlocal,
$p-$homogeneous operator of order zero and $\Omega$ is a bounded domain in
$\mathbb{R}^N$. We show that the first eigenvalue (that is isolated and simple)
satisfies $(\lambda_1)^{1/p}\to \Lambda$ as $p\to\infty$ where $\Lambda$ can be
characterized in terms of the geometry of $\Omega$. We also find that the
eigenfunctions converge, $u_\infty=\lim_{p\to\infty} u_p$, and find the limit
problem that is satisfied in the limit.
|
math.AP
|
in this paper we study the dirichlet eigenvalue problem delta_p udelta_jpu lambdaup2u quad text in omegaquad u0 quadtext in omegacmathbbrnsetminusomega here delta_p u is the standard local plaplacian delta_jpu is a nonlocal phomogeneous operator of order zero and omega is a bounded domain in mathbbrn we show that the first eigenvalue that is isolated and simple satisfies lambda_11pto lambda as ptoinfty where lambda can be characterized in terms of the geometry of omega we also find that the eigenfunctions converge u_inftylim_ptoinfty u_p and find the limit problem that is satisfied in the limit
|
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|
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|
1,803.07989
|
A reappraisal of constraints on $Z'$ models from unitarity and direct
searches at the LHC
|
In a truly model-independent approach, we reexamine a minimal extension of
the Standard Model (SM) through the introduction of an additional $U(1)$
symmetry leading to a new neutral gauge boson ($Z'$), allowing its kinetic
mixing with the hypercharge gauge boson. An SM neutral scalar is used to
spontaneously break this extra symmetry leading to the mass of the $Z'$. Except
for three right-handed neutrinos no other fermions are added. We use the
current LHC Drell-Yan data to put model-independent constraints in the
parameter space of three quantities, namely, $M_{Z'}$, the $Z$-$Z'$ mixing
angle ($\alpha_z$) and the extra $U(1)$ effective gauge coupling ($g'_x$),
which absorb all model dependence. We impose additional constraints from
unitarity and low energy neutrino-electron scattering. However, limits
extracted from direct searches turn out to be most stringent. We obtain $M_{Z'}
> 4.4$ TeV and $|\alpha_z| < 0.001$ at $95\%$ C.L., when the strength of the
additional $U(1)$ gauge coupling is the same as that of the SM $SU(2)_L$.
|
hep-ph hep-ex
|
in a truly modelindependent approach we reexamine a minimal extension of the standard model sm through the introduction of an additional u1 symmetry leading to a new neutral gauge boson z allowing its kinetic mixing with the hypercharge gauge boson an sm neutral scalar is used to spontaneously break this extra symmetry leading to the mass of the z except for three righthanded neutrinos no other fermions are added we use the current lhc drellyan data to put modelindependent constraints in the parameter space of three quantities namely m_z the zz mixing angle alpha_z and the extra u1 effective gauge coupling g_x which absorb all model dependence we impose additional constraints from unitarity and low energy neutrinoelectron scattering however limits extracted from direct searches turn out to be most stringent we obtain m_z 44 tev and alpha_z 0001 at 95 cl when the strength of the additional u1 gauge coupling is the same as that of the sm su2_l
|
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|
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|
1,803.0799
|
Diagrammatic Monte Carlo approach to angular momentum in quantum
many-particle systems
|
We introduce a Diagrammatic Monte Carlo (DiagMC) approach to angular momentum
properties of quantum many-particle systems possessing a macroscopic number of
degrees of freedom. The treatment is based on a diagrammatic expansion that
merges the usual Feynman diagrams with the angular momentum diagrams known from
atomic and nuclear structure theory, thereby incorporating the non-Abelian
algebra inherent to quantum rotations. Our approach is applicable at arbitrary
coupling, is free of systematic errors and of finite size effects, and
naturally provides access to the impurity Green function. We exemplify the
technique by obtaining an all-coupling solution of the angulon model, however,
the method is quite general and can be applied to a broad variety of systems in
which particles exchange quantum angular momentum with their many-body
environment.
|
cond-mat.quant-gas cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.other physics.atom-ph physics.chem-ph
|
we introduce a diagrammatic monte carlo diagmc approach to angular momentum properties of quantum manyparticle systems possessing a macroscopic number of degrees of freedom the treatment is based on a diagrammatic expansion that merges the usual feynman diagrams with the angular momentum diagrams known from atomic and nuclear structure theory thereby incorporating the nonabelian algebra inherent to quantum rotations our approach is applicable at arbitrary coupling is free of systematic errors and of finite size effects and naturally provides access to the impurity green function we exemplify the technique by obtaining an allcoupling solution of the angulon model however the method is quite general and can be applied to a broad variety of systems in which particles exchange quantum angular momentum with their manybody environment
|
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|
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|
1,803.07991
|
Quantification of Lung Abnormalities in Cystic Fibrosis using Deep
Networks
|
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease which may appear in early life with
structural abnormalities in lung tissues. We propose to detect these
abnormalities using a texture classification approach. Our method is a cascade
of two convolutional neural networks. The first network detects the presence of
abnormal tissues. The second network identifies the type of the structural
abnormalities: bronchiectasis, atelectasis or mucus plugging.We also propose a
network computing pixel-wise heatmaps of abnormality presence learning only
from the patch-wise annotations. Our database consists of CT scans of 194
subjects. We use 154 subjects to train our algorithms and the 40 remaining ones
as a test set. We compare our method with random forest and a single neural
network approach. The first network reaches an accuracy of 0,94 for disease
detection, 0,18 higher than the random forest classifier and 0,37 higher than
the single neural network. Our cascade approach yields a final class-averaged
F1-score of 0,33, outperforming the baseline method and the single network by
0,10 and 0,12.
|
cs.CV
|
cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease which may appear in early life with structural abnormalities in lung tissues we propose to detect these abnormalities using a texture classification approach our method is a cascade of two convolutional neural networks the first network detects the presence of abnormal tissues the second network identifies the type of the structural abnormalities bronchiectasis atelectasis or mucus pluggingwe also propose a network computing pixelwise heatmaps of abnormality presence learning only from the patchwise annotations our database consists of ct scans of 194 subjects we use 154 subjects to train our algorithms and the 40 remaining ones as a test set we compare our method with random forest and a single neural network approach the first network reaches an accuracy of 094 for disease detection 018 higher than the random forest classifier and 037 higher than the single neural network our cascade approach yields a final classaveraged f1score of 033 outperforming the baseline method and the single network by 010 and 012
|
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|
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|
1,803.07992
|
On the finiteness of loci of weighted plane curves in the moduli space
|
For every fixed genus $g\geq 1$, we consider all quadruples
$Q=(w_0,w_1,w_2,d)\in\mathbb{Z}^4_{>0}$ with the property that any smooth
degree-$d$ curve embedded in the weighted projective plane
$\mathbb{P}^2(w_0,w_1,w_2)$ has genus $g$. We show there are infinitely many
quadruples $Q$ satisfying this condition. For every such $Q$, we consider
$Z_Q\subseteq M_g$ the locus in the moduli space of all smooth degree-$d$
curves embedded in $\mathbb{P}^2(w_0,w_1,w_2)$. We show that, as $Q$ varies
over all these quadruples, there are only finitely many different loci
$Z_Q\subseteq M_g$.
|
math.AG
|
for every fixed genus ggeq 1 we consider all quadruples qw_0w_1w_2dinmathbbz4_0 with the property that any smooth degreed curve embedded in the weighted projective plane mathbbp2w_0w_1w_2 has genus g we show there are infinitely many quadruples q satisfying this condition for every such q we consider z_qsubseteq m_g the locus in the moduli space of all smooth degreed curves embedded in mathbbp2w_0w_1w_2 we show that as q varies over all these quadruples there are only finitely many different loci z_qsubseteq m_g
|
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|
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|
1,803.07993
|
Age of Information in a Network of Preemptive Servers
|
A source submits status updates to a network for delivery to a destination
monitor. Updates follow a route through a series of network nodes. Each node is
a last-come-first-served queue supporting preemption in service. We
characterize the average age of information at the input and output of each
node in the route induced by the updates passing through. For Poisson arrivals
to a line network of preemptive memoryless servers, we show that average age
accumulates through successive network nodes.
|
cs.IT cs.NI math.IT
|
a source submits status updates to a network for delivery to a destination monitor updates follow a route through a series of network nodes each node is a lastcomefirstserved queue supporting preemption in service we characterize the average age of information at the input and output of each node in the route induced by the updates passing through for poisson arrivals to a line network of preemptive memoryless servers we show that average age accumulates through successive network nodes
|
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|
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|
1,803.07994
|
Adversarial Defense based on Structure-to-Signal Autoencoders
|
Adversarial attack methods have demonstrated the fragility of deep neural
networks. Their imperceptible perturbations are frequently able fool
classifiers into potentially dangerous misclassifications. We propose a novel
way to interpret adversarial perturbations in terms of the effective input
signal that classifiers actually use. Based on this, we apply specially trained
autoencoders, referred to as S2SNets, as defense mechanism. They follow a
two-stage training scheme: first unsupervised, followed by a fine-tuning of the
decoder, using gradients from an existing classifier. S2SNets induce a shift in
the distribution of gradients propagated through them, stripping them from
class-dependent signal. We analyze their robustness against several white-box
and gray-box scenarios on the large ImageNet dataset. Our approach reaches
comparable resilience in white-box attack scenarios as other state-of-the-art
defenses in gray-box scenarios. We further analyze the relationships of
AlexNet, VGG 16, ResNet 50 and Inception v3 in adversarial space, and found
that VGG 16 is the easiest to fool, while perturbations from ResNet 50 are the
most transferable.
|
cs.LG cs.CV stat.ML
|
adversarial attack methods have demonstrated the fragility of deep neural networks their imperceptible perturbations are frequently able fool classifiers into potentially dangerous misclassifications we propose a novel way to interpret adversarial perturbations in terms of the effective input signal that classifiers actually use based on this we apply specially trained autoencoders referred to as s2snets as defense mechanism they follow a twostage training scheme first unsupervised followed by a finetuning of the decoder using gradients from an existing classifier s2snets induce a shift in the distribution of gradients propagated through them stripping them from classdependent signal we analyze their robustness against several whitebox and graybox scenarios on the large imagenet dataset our approach reaches comparable resilience in whitebox attack scenarios as other stateoftheart defenses in graybox scenarios we further analyze the relationships of alexnet vgg 16 resnet 50 and inception v3 in adversarial space and found that vgg 16 is the easiest to fool while perturbations from resnet 50 are the most transferable
|
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|
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|
1,803.07995
|
Infinities as natural places
|
It is shown that a notion of natural place is possible within modern physics.
For Aristotle, the elements$-$the primary components of the world$-$follow to
their natural places in the absence of forces. On the other hand, in general
relativity, the so-called Carter-Penrose diagrams offer a notion of end for
objects along the geodesics. Then, the notion of natural place in Aristotelian
physics has an analog in the notion of conformal infinities in general
relativity.
|
physics.hist-ph gr-qc
|
it is shown that a notion of natural place is possible within modern physics for aristotle the elementsthe primary components of the worldfollow to their natural places in the absence of forces on the other hand in general relativity the socalled carterpenrose diagrams offer a notion of end for objects along the geodesics then the notion of natural place in aristotelian physics has an analog in the notion of conformal infinities in general relativity
|
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|
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|
1,803.07996
|
The approach to equilibrium of a quarkonium in a quark-gluon plasma
|
We derive equations of motion for the reduced density matrix of a heavy
quarkonium in contact with a quark-gluon plasma in thermal equilibrium. These
equations allow in particular a proper treatment of the regime when the
temperature of the plasma is comparable to the binding energy of the
quarkonium. These equations are used to study how the quarkonium approaches
equilibrium with the plasma, and we discuss the corresponding entropy increase,
or free energy decrease, depending on the temperature regime. The effect of
collisions can be accounted for by the generalization of the imaginary
potential introduced in previous studies, and from which collision rates are
derived. An important outcome of the present analysis is that this imaginary
potential has a sizeable dependence on the energy of the relevant transitions.
|
hep-ph nucl-th
|
we derive equations of motion for the reduced density matrix of a heavy quarkonium in contact with a quarkgluon plasma in thermal equilibrium these equations allow in particular a proper treatment of the regime when the temperature of the plasma is comparable to the binding energy of the quarkonium these equations are used to study how the quarkonium approaches equilibrium with the plasma and we discuss the corresponding entropy increase or free energy decrease depending on the temperature regime the effect of collisions can be accounted for by the generalization of the imaginary potential introduced in previous studies and from which collision rates are derived an important outcome of the present analysis is that this imaginary potential has a sizeable dependence on the energy of the relevant transitions
|
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|
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|
1,803.07997
|
Contactomorphism groups and Legendrian flexibility
|
We explain a connection between the algebraic and geometric properties of
groups of contact transformations, open book decompositions, and flexible
Legendrian embeddings. The main result is that, if a closed contact manifold
$(V, \xi)$ has a supporting open book whose pages are flexible Weinstein
manifolds, then the connected component $G$ of the identity in its automorphism
group is a uniformly simple group: for every non-trivial element $g$, every
other element is a product of at most $128(\dim V + 1)$ conjugates of $g^{\pm
1}$. In particular any conjugation invariant norm on this group is bounded. We
also prove the later statement still holds for the universal cover of $G$.
|
math.SG math.GT
|
we explain a connection between the algebraic and geometric properties of groups of contact transformations open book decompositions and flexible legendrian embeddings the main result is that if a closed contact manifold v xi has a supporting open book whose pages are flexible weinstein manifolds then the connected component g of the identity in its automorphism group is a uniformly simple group for every nontrivial element g every other element is a product of at most 128dim v 1 conjugates of gpm 1 in particular any conjugation invariant norm on this group is bounded we also prove the later statement still holds for the universal cover of g
|
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|
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|
1,803.07998
|
6d SCFTs and U(1) Flavour Symmetries
|
We study the behaviour of abelian gauge symmetries in six-dimensional N=(1,0)
theories upon decoupling gravity and investigate abelian flavour symmetries in
the context of 6d N=(1,0) SCFTs. From a supergravity perspective, the anomaly
cancellation mechanism implies that abelian gauge symmetries can only survive
as global symmetries as gravity is decoupled. The flavour symmetries obtained
in this way are shown to be free of ABJ anomalies, and their 't Hooft anomaly
polynomial in the decoupling limit is obtained explicitly. In an F-theory
realisation the decoupling of abelian gauge symmetries implies that a
mathematical object known as the height pairing of a rational section is not
contractible as a curve on the base of an elliptic Calabi-Yau threefold. We
prove this prediction from supergravity by making use of the properties of the
Mordell-Weil group of rational sections. In the second part of this paper we
study the appearance of abelian flavour symmetries in 6d N=(1,0) SCFTs. We
elucidate both the geometric origin of such flavour symmetries in F-theory and
their field theoretic interpretation in terms of suitable linear combinations
of geometrically massive U(1)s. Our general results are illustrated in various
explicit examples.
|
hep-th
|
we study the behaviour of abelian gauge symmetries in sixdimensional n10 theories upon decoupling gravity and investigate abelian flavour symmetries in the context of 6d n10 scfts from a supergravity perspective the anomaly cancellation mechanism implies that abelian gauge symmetries can only survive as global symmetries as gravity is decoupled the flavour symmetries obtained in this way are shown to be free of abj anomalies and their t hooft anomaly polynomial in the decoupling limit is obtained explicitly in an ftheory realisation the decoupling of abelian gauge symmetries implies that a mathematical object known as the height pairing of a rational section is not contractible as a curve on the base of an elliptic calabiyau threefold we prove this prediction from supergravity by making use of the properties of the mordellweil group of rational sections in the second part of this paper we study the appearance of abelian flavour symmetries in 6d n10 scfts we elucidate both the geometric origin of such flavour symmetries in ftheory and their field theoretic interpretation in terms of suitable linear combinations of geometrically massive u1s our general results are illustrated in various explicit examples
|
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|
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|
1,803.07999
|
Novel single-layer vanadium sulphide phases
|
VS2 is a challenging material to prepare stoichiometrically in the bulk, and
the single layer has not been successfully isolated before now. Here we report
the first realization of single-layer VS2, which we have prepared epitaxially
with high quality on Au(111) in the octahedral (1T) structure. We find that we
can deplete the VS2 lattice of S by annealing in vacuum so as to create an
entirely new two-dimensional compound that has no bulk analogue. The transition
is reversible upon annealing in an H2S gas atmosphere. We report the structural
properties of both the stoichiometric and S-depleted compounds on the basis of
low-energy electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and
diffraction, and scanning tunneling microscopy experiments.
|
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
|
vs2 is a challenging material to prepare stoichiometrically in the bulk and the single layer has not been successfully isolated before now here we report the first realization of singlelayer vs2 which we have prepared epitaxially with high quality on au111 in the octahedral 1t structure we find that we can deplete the vs2 lattice of s by annealing in vacuum so as to create an entirely new twodimensional compound that has no bulk analogue the transition is reversible upon annealing in an h2s gas atmosphere we report the structural properties of both the stoichiometric and sdepleted compounds on the basis of lowenergy electron diffraction xray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy experiments
|
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|
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|
1,803.08
|
Boosting Random Forests to Reduce Bias; One-Step Boosted Forest and its
Variance Estimate
|
In this paper we propose using the principle of boosting to reduce the bias
of a random forest prediction in the regression setting. From the original
random forest fit we extract the residuals and then fit another random forest
to these residuals. We call the sum of these two random forests a
\textit{one-step boosted forest}. We show with simulated and real data that the
one-step boosted forest has a reduced bias compared to the original random
forest. The paper also provides a variance estimate of the one-step boosted
forest by an extension of the infinitesimal Jackknife estimator. Using this
variance estimate we can construct prediction intervals for the boosted forest
and we show that they have good coverage probabilities. Combining the bias
reduction and the variance estimate we show that the one-step boosted forest
has a significant reduction in predictive mean squared error and thus an
improvement in predictive performance. When applied on datasets from the UCI
database, one-step boosted forest performs better than random forest and
gradient boosting machine algorithms. Theoretically we can also extend such a
boosting process to more than one step and the same principles outlined in this
paper can be used to find variance estimates for such predictors. Such boosting
will reduce bias even further but it risks over-fitting and also increases the
computational burden.
|
stat.ML cs.LG stat.ME
|
in this paper we propose using the principle of boosting to reduce the bias of a random forest prediction in the regression setting from the original random forest fit we extract the residuals and then fit another random forest to these residuals we call the sum of these two random forests a textitonestep boosted forest we show with simulated and real data that the onestep boosted forest has a reduced bias compared to the original random forest the paper also provides a variance estimate of the onestep boosted forest by an extension of the infinitesimal jackknife estimator using this variance estimate we can construct prediction intervals for the boosted forest and we show that they have good coverage probabilities combining the bias reduction and the variance estimate we show that the onestep boosted forest has a significant reduction in predictive mean squared error and thus an improvement in predictive performance when applied on datasets from the uci database onestep boosted forest performs better than random forest and gradient boosting machine algorithms theoretically we can also extend such a boosting process to more than one step and the same principles outlined in this paper can be used to find variance estimates for such predictors such boosting will reduce bias even further but it risks overfitting and also increases the computational burden
|
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|
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|
1,803.08001
|
Gauge fixing the Standard Model Effective Field Theory
|
We gauge fix the Standard Model Effective Field Theory in a manner invariant
under background field gauge transformations using a geometric description of
the field connections.
|
hep-ph
|
we gauge fix the standard model effective field theory in a manner invariant under background field gauge transformations using a geometric description of the field connections
|
[['we', 'gauge', 'fix', 'the', 'standard', 'model', 'effective', 'field', 'theory', 'in', 'a', 'manner', 'invariant', 'under', 'background', 'field', 'gauge', 'transformations', 'using', 'a', 'geometric', 'description', 'of', 'the', 'field', 'connections']]
|
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|
1,803.08002
|
Hilbert's fourteenth problem and field modifications
|
Let $k({\bf x})=k(x_1,\ldots ,x_n)$ be the rational function field, and
$k\subsetneqq L\subsetneqq k({\bf x})$ an intermediate field. Then, Hilbert's
fourteenth problem asks whether the $k$-algebra $A:=L\cap k[x_1,\ldots ,x_n]$
is finitely generated. Various counterexamples to this problem were already
given, but the case $[k({\bf x}):L]=2$ was open when $n=3$. In this paper, we
study the problem in terms of the field-theoretic properties of $L$. We say
that $L$ is minimal if the transcendence degree $r$ of $L$ over $k$ is equal to
that of $A$. We show that, if $r\ge 2$ and $L$ is minimal, then there exists
$\sigma \in {\mathop{\rm Aut}\nolimits}_kk(x_1,\ldots ,x_{n+1})$ for which
$\sigma (L(x_{n+1}))$ is minimal and a counterexample to the problem. Our
result implies the existence of interesting new counterexamples including one
with $n=3$ and $[k({\bf x}):L]=2$.
|
math.AC math.AG
|
let kbf xkx_1ldots x_n be the rational function field and ksubsetneqq lsubsetneqq kbf x an intermediate field then hilberts fourteenth problem asks whether the kalgebra alcap kx_1ldots x_n is finitely generated various counterexamples to this problem were already given but the case kbf xl2 was open when n3 in this paper we study the problem in terms of the fieldtheoretic properties of l we say that l is minimal if the transcendence degree r of l over k is equal to that of a we show that if rge 2 and l is minimal then there exists sigma in mathoprm autnolimits_kkx_1ldots x_n1 for which sigma lx_n1 is minimal and a counterexample to the problem our result implies the existence of interesting new counterexamples including one with n3 and kbf xl2
|
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|
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|
1,803.08003
|
Towards a Particle-Number Conserving Theory of Majorana Zero Modes in
p+ip Superfluids
|
Majorana zero modes are predicted to exist in p+ip (either inherent or
effective due to proximity effect) superfluids and are proposed to be used for
constructing topological qubits for topologically protected quantum computing.
Existing theories on the subject are mostly based on BCS mean-field theory
which breaks particle number conservation (U(1) symmetry). More specifically,
Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equations are used to derive Majorana zero modes and
their braiding properties. The broken particle number conservation is, on the
other hand, respected in any fermionic condensed matter system and therefore
may be crucial in studying quantum coherence, essential for quantum computing.
In this paper, we work towards a particle-number conserving theory by examining
the role played by particle number conservation in topological properties of
Majorana zero modes. We conclude that the latter may be affected by the former
and new theoretical framework that respects particle number conservation is
needed in establishing (or dismissing) the existence of Majorana zero modes in
p+ip superfluids and their application to topological quantum computing.
|
cond-mat.supr-con
|
majorana zero modes are predicted to exist in pip either inherent or effective due to proximity effect superfluids and are proposed to be used for constructing topological qubits for topologically protected quantum computing existing theories on the subject are mostly based on bcs meanfield theory which breaks particle number conservation u1 symmetry more specifically bogoliubovde gennes bdg equations are used to derive majorana zero modes and their braiding properties the broken particle number conservation is on the other hand respected in any fermionic condensed matter system and therefore may be crucial in studying quantum coherence essential for quantum computing in this paper we work towards a particlenumber conserving theory by examining the role played by particle number conservation in topological properties of majorana zero modes we conclude that the latter may be affected by the former and new theoretical framework that respects particle number conservation is needed in establishing or dismissing the existence of majorana zero modes in pip superfluids and their application to topological quantum computing
|
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|
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|
1,803.08004
|
Space-Efficient Knot Mosaics for Prime Knots with Mosaic Number 6
|
In 2008, Kauffman and Lomonaco introduce the concepts of a knot mosaic and
the mosaic number of a knot or link, the smallest integer $n$ such that a knot
or link can be represented on an $n$-mosaic. In arXiv:1702.06462, the authors
explore space-efficient knot mosaics and the tile number of a knot or link, the
smallest number of non-blank tiles necessary to depict the knot or link on a
mosaic. They determine bounds for the tile number in terms of the mosaic
number. In this paper, we focus specifically on prime knots with mosaic number
6. We determine a complete list of these knots, provide a minimal,
space-efficient knot mosaic for each of them, and determine the tile number (or
minimal mosaic tile number) of each of them.
|
math.GT
|
in 2008 kauffman and lomonaco introduce the concepts of a knot mosaic and the mosaic number of a knot or link the smallest integer n such that a knot or link can be represented on an nmosaic in arxiv170206462 the authors explore spaceefficient knot mosaics and the tile number of a knot or link the smallest number of nonblank tiles necessary to depict the knot or link on a mosaic they determine bounds for the tile number in terms of the mosaic number in this paper we focus specifically on prime knots with mosaic number 6 we determine a complete list of these knots provide a minimal spaceefficient knot mosaic for each of them and determine the tile number or minimal mosaic tile number of each of them
|
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|
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|
1,803.08005
|
A Novel Approach for Fast and Accurate Mean Error Distance Computation
in Approximate Adders
|
In error-tolerant applications, approximate adders have been exploited
extensively to achieve energy efficient system designs. Mean error distance is
one of the important error metrics used as a performance measure of approximate
adders. In this work, a fast and efficient methodology is proposed to determine
the exact mean error distance in approximate lower significant bit adders. A
detailed description of the proposed algorithm along with an example has been
demonstrated in this paper. Experimental analysis shows that the proposed
method performs better than existing Monte Carlo simulation approach both in
terms of accuracy and execution time.
|
cs.OH cs.ET
|
in errortolerant applications approximate adders have been exploited extensively to achieve energy efficient system designs mean error distance is one of the important error metrics used as a performance measure of approximate adders in this work a fast and efficient methodology is proposed to determine the exact mean error distance in approximate lower significant bit adders a detailed description of the proposed algorithm along with an example has been demonstrated in this paper experimental analysis shows that the proposed method performs better than existing monte carlo simulation approach both in terms of accuracy and execution time
|
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|
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|
1,803.08006
|
Video Object Segmentation with Language Referring Expressions
|
Most state-of-the-art semi-supervised video object segmentation methods rely
on a pixel-accurate mask of a target object provided for the first frame of a
video. However, obtaining a detailed segmentation mask is expensive and
time-consuming. In this work we explore an alternative way of identifying a
target object, namely by employing language referring expressions. Besides
being a more practical and natural way of pointing out a target object, using
language specifications can help to avoid drift as well as make the system more
robust to complex dynamics and appearance variations. Leveraging recent
advances of language grounding models designed for images, we propose an
approach to extend them to video data, ensuring temporally coherent
predictions. To evaluate our method we augment the popular video object
segmentation benchmarks, DAVIS'16 and DAVIS'17 with language descriptions of
target objects. We show that our language-supervised approach performs on par
with the methods which have access to a pixel-level mask of the target object
on DAVIS'16 and is competitive to methods using scribbles on the challenging
DAVIS'17 dataset.
|
cs.CV
|
most stateoftheart semisupervised video object segmentation methods rely on a pixelaccurate mask of a target object provided for the first frame of a video however obtaining a detailed segmentation mask is expensive and timeconsuming in this work we explore an alternative way of identifying a target object namely by employing language referring expressions besides being a more practical and natural way of pointing out a target object using language specifications can help to avoid drift as well as make the system more robust to complex dynamics and appearance variations leveraging recent advances of language grounding models designed for images we propose an approach to extend them to video data ensuring temporally coherent predictions to evaluate our method we augment the popular video object segmentation benchmarks davis16 and davis17 with language descriptions of target objects we show that our languagesupervised approach performs on par with the methods which have access to a pixellevel mask of the target object on davis16 and is competitive to methods using scribbles on the challenging davis17 dataset
|
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|
[-0.027259525376602065, -0.05871705530075979, -0.09623725060674061, 0.07238593732542639, -0.14458304282322706, -0.17037204664245428, 0.033542709758909175, 0.4856633794191013, -0.21332044479877588, -0.35699520203991825, 0.07969854179564975, -0.24589975155659963, -0.1458196907461318, 0.22628665459763078, -0.1861007078578808, 0.08238903300469202, 0.16787825181451907, 0.05143948817620032, -0.062451976782036386, -0.23317413055618486, 0.3064958645586284, 0.06180892138831676, 0.2920563339020114, -0.0067006023656801285, 0.15267459191844787, -0.014157235946405274, -0.08694181685842271, -0.0077212003034438535, -0.0536734459914091, 0.2122820975063986, 0.29568368574444936, 0.2108661939484854, 0.2707062754752002, -0.4235304039271818, -0.23104848734142416, 0.034174674791592474, 0.128372746895815, 0.14206543046046968, -0.05642980581562523, -0.38444685543247736, 0.10523485112093749, -0.1591420950906643, 0.009788372105054826, -0.16798745420009617, 0.009579486506065377, -0.03395296982559656, -0.2925155877930965, 0.004832282900832683, 0.08952442065220753, 0.05316527145746422, -0.056210352033545005, -0.0757947311188229, 0.05832329443207078, 0.1947785360200039, 0.01893737803196467, 0.09028827904229872, 0.1527987388046795, -0.21698876526952737, -0.13411828577069632, 0.4166568223925599, -0.06281353855163353, -0.24728501224553728, 0.25156310835365114, -0.023072022352794028, -0.14437655856165227, 0.1097846756414342, 0.19580278972006707, 0.20647318957440824, -0.15953737556589317, -0.0043736336242929325, -0.03069828253755548, 0.2115883401557186, 0.07390850951547275, -0.0022471130521216215, 0.2347349216432187, 0.2806837151994009, 0.05598611559323316, 0.14499052152239594, -0.1627852448687611, -0.03609082087627556, -0.21551819542894163, -0.1057403792111001, -0.1651153243371252, -0.058565773677181854, -0.046171494983596004, -0.1577975958956024, 0.36814926284174604, 0.2527374224148197, 0.2186821905155498, 0.0858400414469203, 0.38840070805450655, -0.00046833003001534436, 0.08306765368387821, 0.028434799214073242, 0.13356041328081053, -0.005478670886515763, 0.12342148001939732, -0.1328295115185116, 0.0679731379671258, 0.06712399900284965]
|
1,803.08007
|
Probing Landau levels of strongly interacting massive Dirac electrons in
layer-polarized MoS$_2$
|
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are recently emerged 2D electronic
systems with various novel properties, such as spin-valley locking, circular
dichroism, valley Hall effects, Ising superconductivity. The reduced
dimensionality and large effective masses further produce unconventional
many-body interaction effects. Although recent hole transport measurements in
WSe$_2$ indicate strong interactions in the valence bands, many-body
interaction effects, particularly in the conduction bands, remain elusive to
date. Here, for the first time, we perform transport measurements up to a
magnetic field of $29$T to study the massive Dirac electron Landau levels (LL)
in layer-polarized MoS$_2$ samples with mobilities of $22000$cm$^2$/(V$\cdot$s)
at $1.5$K and densities of $\sim10^{12}$cm$^{-2}$. With decreasing the density,
we observe LL crossing induced valley ferrimagnet-to-ferromagnet transitions,
as a result of the interaction enhancement of the g-factor from $5.64$ to
$21.82$. Near integer ratios of Zeeman-to-cyclotron energies, we discover LL
anticrossings due to the formation of quantum Hall Ising ferromagnets, the
valley polarizations of which appear to be reversible by tuning the density or
an in-plane magnetic field. Our results provide compelling evidence for
many-body interaction effects in the conduction bands of monolayer MoS$_2$ and
establish a fertile ground for exploring strongly correlated phenomena of
massive Dirac electrons.
|
cond-mat.mes-hall
|
monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are recently emerged 2d electronic systems with various novel properties such as spinvalley locking circular dichroism valley hall effects ising superconductivity the reduced dimensionality and large effective masses further produce unconventional manybody interaction effects although recent hole transport measurements in wse_2 indicate strong interactions in the valence bands manybody interaction effects particularly in the conduction bands remain elusive to date here for the first time we perform transport measurements up to a magnetic field of 29t to study the massive dirac electron landau levels ll in layerpolarized mos_2 samples with mobilities of 22000cm2vcdots at 15k and densities of sim1012cm2 with decreasing the density we observe ll crossing induced valley ferrimagnettoferromagnet transitions as a result of the interaction enhancement of the gfactor from 564 to 2182 near integer ratios of zeemantocyclotron energies we discover ll anticrossings due to the formation of quantum hall ising ferromagnets the valley polarizations of which appear to be reversible by tuning the density or an inplane magnetic field our results provide compelling evidence for manybody interaction effects in the conduction bands of monolayer mos_2 and establish a fertile ground for exploring strongly correlated phenomena of massive dirac electrons
|
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|
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|
1,803.08008
|
Correlation-driven Lifshitz transition and orbital order in a two-band
Hubbard model
|
We study by dynamical mean field theory the ground state of a quarter-filled
Hubbard model of two bands with different bandwidths. At half-filling, this
model is known to display an orbital selective Mott transition, with the
narrower band undergoing Mott localisation while the wider one being still
itinerant. At quarter-filling, the physical behaviour is different and to some
extent reversed. The interaction generates an effective crystal field
splitting, absent in the Hamiltonian, that tends to empty the narrower band in
favour of the wider one, which also become more correlated than the former at
odds with the orbital selective paradigm. Upon increasing the interaction, the
depletion of the narrower band can continue till it empties completely and the
system undergoes a topological Lifshitz transition into a half-filled
single-band metal that eventually turns insulating. Alternatively, when the two
bandwidths are not too different, a first order Mott transition intervenes
before the Lifshitz's one. The properties of the Mott insulator are
significantly affected by the interplay between spin and orbital degrees of
freedom.
|
cond-mat.str-el
|
we study by dynamical mean field theory the ground state of a quarterfilled hubbard model of two bands with different bandwidths at halffilling this model is known to display an orbital selective mott transition with the narrower band undergoing mott localisation while the wider one being still itinerant at quarterfilling the physical behaviour is different and to some extent reversed the interaction generates an effective crystal field splitting absent in the hamiltonian that tends to empty the narrower band in favour of the wider one which also become more correlated than the former at odds with the orbital selective paradigm upon increasing the interaction the depletion of the narrower band can continue till it empties completely and the system undergoes a topological lifshitz transition into a halffilled singleband metal that eventually turns insulating alternatively when the two bandwidths are not too different a first order mott transition intervenes before the lifshitzs one the properties of the mott insulator are significantly affected by the interplay between spin and orbital degrees of freedom
|
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|
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|
1,803.08009
|
Magnetic illusion: transforming a magnetic object into another object by
negative permeability
|
We theoretically predict and experimentally verify the illusion of
transforming the magnetic signature of a 3D object into that of another
arbitrary object. This is done by employing negative-permeability materials,
which we demonstrate that can be emulated by tailored sets of currents. The
experimental transformation of the magnetic response of a ferromagnet into that
of its antagonistic material, a superconductor, is presented to confirm the
theory. The emulation of negative-permeability materials by currents provides a
new pathway for designing devices for controlling magnetic fields in
unprecedented ways.
|
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.supr-con physics.app-ph
|
we theoretically predict and experimentally verify the illusion of transforming the magnetic signature of a 3d object into that of another arbitrary object this is done by employing negativepermeability materials which we demonstrate that can be emulated by tailored sets of currents the experimental transformation of the magnetic response of a ferromagnet into that of its antagonistic material a superconductor is presented to confirm the theory the emulation of negativepermeability materials by currents provides a new pathway for designing devices for controlling magnetic fields in unprecedented ways
|
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|
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|
1,803.0801
|
Social Media Would Not Lie: Prediction of the 2016 Taiwan Election via
Online Heterogeneous Data
|
The prevalence of online media has attracted researchers from various domains
to explore human behavior and make interesting predictions. In this research,
we leverage heterogeneous social media data collected from various online
platforms to predict Taiwan's 2016 presidential election. In contrast to most
existing research, we take a "signal" view of heterogeneous information and
adopt the Kalman filter to fuse multiple signals into daily vote predictions
for the candidates. We also consider events that influenced the election in a
quantitative manner based on the so-called event study model that originated in
the field of financial research. We obtained the following interesting
findings. First, public opinions in online media dominate traditional polls in
Taiwan election prediction in terms of both predictive power and timeliness.
But offline polls can still function on alleviating the sample bias of online
opinions. Second, although online signals converge as election day approaches,
the simple Facebook "Like" is consistently the strongest indicator of the
election result. Third, most influential events have a strong connection to
cross-strait relations, and the Chou Tzu-yu flag incident followed by the
apology video one day before the election increased the vote share of Tsai
Ing-Wen by 3.66%. This research justifies the predictive power of online media
in politics and the advantages of information fusion. The combined use of the
Kalman filter and the event study method contributes to the data-driven
political analytics paradigm for both prediction and attribution purposes.
|
cs.SI physics.soc-ph stat.AP stat.ML
|
the prevalence of online media has attracted researchers from various domains to explore human behavior and make interesting predictions in this research we leverage heterogeneous social media data collected from various online platforms to predict taiwans 2016 presidential election in contrast to most existing research we take a signal view of heterogeneous information and adopt the kalman filter to fuse multiple signals into daily vote predictions for the candidates we also consider events that influenced the election in a quantitative manner based on the socalled event study model that originated in the field of financial research we obtained the following interesting findings first public opinions in online media dominate traditional polls in taiwan election prediction in terms of both predictive power and timeliness but offline polls can still function on alleviating the sample bias of online opinions second although online signals converge as election day approaches the simple facebook like is consistently the strongest indicator of the election result third most influential events have a strong connection to crossstrait relations and the chou tzuyu flag incident followed by the apology video one day before the election increased the vote share of tsai ingwen by 366 this research justifies the predictive power of online media in politics and the advantages of information fusion the combined use of the kalman filter and the event study method contributes to the datadriven political analytics paradigm for both prediction and attribution purposes
|
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|
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|
1,803.08011
|
Wasserstein Distance, Fourier Series and Applications
|
We study the Wasserstein metric $W_p$, a notion of distance between two
probability distributions, from the perspective of Fourier Analysis and discuss
applications. In particular, we bound the Earth Mover Distance $W_1$ between
the distribution of quadratic residues in a finite field $\mathbb{F}_p$ and
uniform distribution by $\lesssim p^{-1/2}$ (the Polya-Vinogradov inequality
implies $\lesssim p^{-1/2} \log{p}$). We also show for continuous $f:\mathbb{T}
\rightarrow \mathbb{R}_{}$ with mean value 0 $$ (\mbox{number of roots of}~f)
\cdot \left( \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}{ \frac{
|\hat{f}(k)|^2}{k^2}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}} \gtrsim
\frac{\|f\|^{2}_{L^1(\mathbb{T})}}{\|f\|_{L^{\infty}(\mathbb{T})}}.$$
Moreover, we show that for a Laplacian eigenfunction $-\Delta_g
\phi_{\lambda} = \lambda \phi_{\lambda}$ on a compact Riemannian manifold
$W_p\left(\max\left\{\phi_{\lambda}, 0\right\}dx, \max\left\{-\phi_{\lambda},
0\right\} dx\right) \lesssim_p \sqrt{\log{\lambda}/\lambda}
\|\phi_{\lambda}\|_{L^1}^{1/p}$ which is at most a factor
$\sqrt{\log{\lambda}}$ away from sharp. Several other problems are discussed.
|
math.CA math.NT math.PR
|
we study the wasserstein metric w_p a notion of distance between two probability distributions from the perspective of fourier analysis and discuss applications in particular we bound the earth mover distance w_1 between the distribution of quadratic residues in a finite field mathbbf_p and uniform distribution by lesssim p12 the polyavinogradov inequality implies lesssim p12 logp we also show for continuous fmathbbt rightarrow mathbbr_ with mean value 0 mboxnumber of roots off cdot left sum_k1infty frac hatfk2k2rightfrac12 gtrsim fracf2_l1mathbbtf_linftymathbbt moreover we show that for a laplacian eigenfunction delta_g phi_lambda lambda phi_lambda on a compact riemannian manifold w_pleftmaxleftphi_lambda 0rightdx maxleftphi_lambda 0right dxright lesssim_p sqrtloglambdalambda phi_lambda_l11p which is at most a factor sqrtloglambda away from sharp several other problems are discussed
|
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|
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|
1,803.08012
|
Quantum symmetry of graph C*-algebras at critical inverse temperature
|
We give a notion of quantum automorphism group of graph C*-algebras without
sink at critical inverse temperature. This is defined to be the universal
object of a category of CQG's having a linear action in the sense of [11] and
preserving the KMS state at critical inverse temperature. We show that this
category for a certain KMS state at critical inverse temperature coincides with
the category introduced in [11] for a class of graphs. We also introduce an
orthogonal filtration on Cuntz algebra with respect to the unique KMS state and
show that the category of CQG's preserving the orthogonal filtration coincides
with the category introduced in this paper.
|
math.OA
|
we give a notion of quantum automorphism group of graph calgebras without sink at critical inverse temperature this is defined to be the universal object of a category of cqgs having a linear action in the sense of 11 and preserving the kms state at critical inverse temperature we show that this category for a certain kms state at critical inverse temperature coincides with the category introduced in 11 for a class of graphs we also introduce an orthogonal filtration on cuntz algebra with respect to the unique kms state and show that the category of cqgs preserving the orthogonal filtration coincides with the category introduced in this paper
|
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|
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|
1,803.08013
|
Negative permeability in magnetostatics and its experimental
demonstration
|
The control of magnetic fields, essential for our science and technology, is
currently achieved by magnetic materials with positive permeability, including
ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and diamagnetic types. Here we introduce materials
with negative static permeability as a new paradigm for manipulating magnetic
fields. As a first step, we extend the solutions of Maxwell magnetostatic
equations to include negative-permeability values. The understanding of these
new solutions allow us to devise a negative-permeability material as a suitably
tailored set of currents arranged in space, overcoming the fact that passive
materials with negative permeability do no exist in magnetostatics. We confirm
the theory by experimentally creating a spherical shell that emulates a
negative-permeability material in a uniform magnetic field. Our results open
new possibilities for creating and manipulating magnetic fields, which can be
useful for practical applications.
|
cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.app-ph
|
the control of magnetic fields essential for our science and technology is currently achieved by magnetic materials with positive permeability including ferromagnetic paramagnetic and diamagnetic types here we introduce materials with negative static permeability as a new paradigm for manipulating magnetic fields as a first step we extend the solutions of maxwell magnetostatic equations to include negativepermeability values the understanding of these new solutions allow us to devise a negativepermeability material as a suitably tailored set of currents arranged in space overcoming the fact that passive materials with negative permeability do no exist in magnetostatics we confirm the theory by experimentally creating a spherical shell that emulates a negativepermeability material in a uniform magnetic field our results open new possibilities for creating and manipulating magnetic fields which can be useful for practical applications
|
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|
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|
1,803.08014
|
Realtime State Estimation with Tactile and Visual Sensing for Inserting
a Suction-held Object
|
We develop a real-time state estimation system to recover the pose and
contact formation of an object relative to its environment. In this paper, we
focus on the application of inserting an object picked by a suction cup into a
tight space, an enabling technology for robotic packaging.
We propose a framework that fuses force and visual sensing for improved
accuracy and robustness. Visual sensing is versatile and non-intrusive, but
suffers from occlusions and limited accuracy, especially for tasks involving
contact. Tactile sensing is local, but provides accuracy and robustness to
occlusions. The proposed algorithm to fuse them is based on iSAM, an on-line
optimization technique, which we use to incorporate kinematic measurements from
the robot, contact geometry of the object and the container, and visual
tracking. In this paper, we generalize previous results in planar settings to a
3D task with more complex contact interactions. A key challenge in using force
sensing is that we do not observe contact point locations directly. We propose
a data-driven method to infer the contact formation, which is then used in
real-time by the state estimator. We demonstrate and evaluate the algorithm in
a setup instrumented to provide groundtruth.
|
cs.RO
|
we develop a realtime state estimation system to recover the pose and contact formation of an object relative to its environment in this paper we focus on the application of inserting an object picked by a suction cup into a tight space an enabling technology for robotic packaging we propose a framework that fuses force and visual sensing for improved accuracy and robustness visual sensing is versatile and nonintrusive but suffers from occlusions and limited accuracy especially for tasks involving contact tactile sensing is local but provides accuracy and robustness to occlusions the proposed algorithm to fuse them is based on isam an online optimization technique which we use to incorporate kinematic measurements from the robot contact geometry of the object and the container and visual tracking in this paper we generalize previous results in planar settings to a 3d task with more complex contact interactions a key challenge in using force sensing is that we do not observe contact point locations directly we propose a datadriven method to infer the contact formation which is then used in realtime by the state estimator we demonstrate and evaluate the algorithm in a setup instrumented to provide groundtruth
|
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|
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|
1,803.08015
|
Vertebrate pollinators: phase transition in a time-dependent generalized
traveling-salesperson problem
|
We introduce a model for the global optimization problem of nectar harvesting
by flower visitors, e.g., nectar-feeding bats, as a generalization of the
(multiple) traveling-salesperson problem (TSP). The model includes multiple
independent animals and many flowers with time-dependent content. This provides
an ensemble of realistic combinatorial optimization problems, in contrast to
previously studied models like random Satisfiability or standard TSP.
We numerically studied the optimum harvesting of these foragers, with
parameters obtained from experiments, by using genetic algorithms. For the
distribution of travel distances, we find a power-law (or L\'evy) distribution,
as often found for natural foragers. Note, in contrast to many models, we make
no assumption about the nature of the flight-distance distribution, the power
law just emerges. This is in contrast to the TSP, where we find in the present
study an exponential tail.
Furthermore, the optimization problem exhibits a {phase transition}, similar
to the TSP, at a critical value for the amount of nectar which can be
harvested. This phase transition coincides with a dramatic increase in the
typical running time of the optimization algorithm. For the value of the
critical exponent nu, describing the divergence of the correlation length, we
find nu=1.7(4), which is on the other hand compatible with the value found for
the TSP.
Finally, we also present data from field experiments in Costa Rica for the
resource use for freely visiting flower bats. We found that the temporal
patterns in experiments and model agree remarkably, confirming our model. Also
the data show that the bats are able to memorize the positions of food sources
and optimize, at least partially, their routes.
|
physics.bio-ph q-bio.PE
|
we introduce a model for the global optimization problem of nectar harvesting by flower visitors eg nectarfeeding bats as a generalization of the multiple travelingsalesperson problem tsp the model includes multiple independent animals and many flowers with timedependent content this provides an ensemble of realistic combinatorial optimization problems in contrast to previously studied models like random satisfiability or standard tsp we numerically studied the optimum harvesting of these foragers with parameters obtained from experiments by using genetic algorithms for the distribution of travel distances we find a powerlaw or levy distribution as often found for natural foragers note in contrast to many models we make no assumption about the nature of the flightdistance distribution the power law just emerges this is in contrast to the tsp where we find in the present study an exponential tail furthermore the optimization problem exhibits a phase transition similar to the tsp at a critical value for the amount of nectar which can be harvested this phase transition coincides with a dramatic increase in the typical running time of the optimization algorithm for the value of the critical exponent nu describing the divergence of the correlation length we find nu174 which is on the other hand compatible with the value found for the tsp finally we also present data from field experiments in costa rica for the resource use for freely visiting flower bats we found that the temporal patterns in experiments and model agree remarkably confirming our model also the data show that the bats are able to memorize the positions of food sources and optimize at least partially their routes
|
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|
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|
1,803.08016
|
Lorentz violation, Gravitoelectromagnetism and Bhabha Scattering at
finite temperature
|
Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM) is an approach for the gravitation field that
is described using the formulation and terminology similar to that of
electromagnetism. The Lorentz violation is considered in the formulation of GEM
that is covariant in its form. In practice such a small violation of the
Lorentz symmetry may be expected in a unified theory at very high energy. In
this paper a non-minimal coupling term, which exhibits Lorentz violation, is
added as a new term in the covariant form. The differential cross section for
Bhabha scattering in the GEM framework at finite temperature is calculated that
includes Lorentz violation. The Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD) formalism is used
to calculate the total differential cross section at finite temperature. The
contribution due to Lorentz violation is isolated from the total cross section.
It is found to be small in magnitude.
|
hep-th
|
gravitoelectromagnetism gem is an approach for the gravitation field that is described using the formulation and terminology similar to that of electromagnetism the lorentz violation is considered in the formulation of gem that is covariant in its form in practice such a small violation of the lorentz symmetry may be expected in a unified theory at very high energy in this paper a nonminimal coupling term which exhibits lorentz violation is added as a new term in the covariant form the differential cross section for bhabha scattering in the gem framework at finite temperature is calculated that includes lorentz violation the thermo field dynamics tfd formalism is used to calculate the total differential cross section at finite temperature the contribution due to lorentz violation is isolated from the total cross section it is found to be small in magnitude
|
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|
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|
1,803.08017
|
The KM3NeT Neutrino Telescope and the potential of a neutrino beam from
Russia to the Mediterranean Sea
|
KM3NeT is a new generation neutrino telescope currently under construction at
two sites in the Mediterranean Sea. At the Capo Passero site, 100 km off-shore
Sicily, Italy, a volume of more than one cubic kilometre of water will be
instrumented with optical sensors. This instrument, called ARCA, is optimized
for observing cosmic sources of TeV and PeV neutrinos. The other site, 40 km
off-shore Toulon, France, will host a much denser array of optical sensors,
ORCA. With an energy threshold of a few GeV, ORCA will be capable to determine
the neutrino mass hierarchy through precision measurements of atmospheric
neutrino oscillations. In this contribution, we review the scientific goals of
KM3NeT and the status of its construction. We also discuss the scientific
potential of a neutrino beam from Protvino, Russia to ORCA. We show that such
an experiment would allow for a measurement of the CP-violating phase in the
neutrino mixing matrix. To achieve a sensitivity competitive with that of the
other planned long-baseline neutrino experiments such as DUNE and T2HK, an
upgrade of the Protvino accelerator complex will be necessary.
|
hep-ex astro-ph.IM physics.ins-det
|
km3net is a new generation neutrino telescope currently under construction at two sites in the mediterranean sea at the capo passero site 100 km offshore sicily italy a volume of more than one cubic kilometre of water will be instrumented with optical sensors this instrument called arca is optimized for observing cosmic sources of tev and pev neutrinos the other site 40 km offshore toulon france will host a much denser array of optical sensors orca with an energy threshold of a few gev orca will be capable to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy through precision measurements of atmospheric neutrino oscillations in this contribution we review the scientific goals of km3net and the status of its construction we also discuss the scientific potential of a neutrino beam from protvino russia to orca we show that such an experiment would allow for a measurement of the cpviolating phase in the neutrino mixing matrix to achieve a sensitivity competitive with that of the other planned longbaseline neutrino experiments such as dune and t2hk an upgrade of the protvino accelerator complex will be necessary
|
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|
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|
1,803.08018
|
Monocular Depth Estimation by Learning from Heterogeneous Datasets
|
Depth estimation provides essential information to perform autonomous driving
and driver assistance. Especially, Monocular Depth Estimation is interesting
from a practical point of view, since using a single camera is cheaper than
many other options and avoids the need for continuous calibration strategies as
required by stereo-vision approaches. State-of-the-art methods for Monocular
Depth Estimation are based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). A promising
line of work consists of introducing additional semantic information about the
traffic scene when training CNNs for depth estimation. In practice, this means
that the depth data used for CNN training is complemented with images having
pixel-wise semantic labels, which usually are difficult to annotate (e.g.
crowded urban images). Moreover, so far it is common practice to assume that
the same raw training data is associated with both types of ground truth, i.e.,
depth and semantic labels. The main contribution of this paper is to show that
this hard constraint can be circumvented, i.e., that we can train CNNs for
depth estimation by leveraging the depth and semantic information coming from
heterogeneous datasets. In order to illustrate the benefits of our approach, we
combine KITTI depth and Cityscapes semantic segmentation datasets,
outperforming state-of-the-art results on Monocular Depth Estimation.
|
cs.CV cs.LG
|
depth estimation provides essential information to perform autonomous driving and driver assistance especially monocular depth estimation is interesting from a practical point of view since using a single camera is cheaper than many other options and avoids the need for continuous calibration strategies as required by stereovision approaches stateoftheart methods for monocular depth estimation are based on convolutional neural networks cnns a promising line of work consists of introducing additional semantic information about the traffic scene when training cnns for depth estimation in practice this means that the depth data used for cnn training is complemented with images having pixelwise semantic labels which usually are difficult to annotate eg crowded urban images moreover so far it is common practice to assume that the same raw training data is associated with both types of ground truth ie depth and semantic labels the main contribution of this paper is to show that this hard constraint can be circumvented ie that we can train cnns for depth estimation by leveraging the depth and semantic information coming from heterogeneous datasets in order to illustrate the benefits of our approach we combine kitti depth and cityscapes semantic segmentation datasets outperforming stateoftheart results on monocular depth estimation
|
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|
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|
1,803.08019
|
The Subpower Membership Problem for Finite Algebras with Cube Terms
|
The subalgebra membership problem is the problem of deciding if a given
element belongs to an algebra given by a set of generators. This is one of the
best established computational problems in algebra. We consider a variant of
this problem, which is motivated by recent progress in the Constraint
Satisfaction Problem, and is often referred to as the Subpower Membership
Problem (SMP). In the SMP we are given a set of tuples in a direct product of
algebras from a fixed finite set $\mathcal{K}$ of finite algebras, and are
asked whether or not a given tuple belongs to the subalgebra of the direct
product generated by a given set.
Our main result is that the subpower membership problem SMP($\mathcal{K}$) is
in P if $\mathcal{K}$ is a finite set of finite algebras with a cube term,
provided $\mathcal{K}$ is contained in a residually small variety. We also
prove that for any finite set of finite algebras $\mathcal{K}$ in a variety
with a cube term, each one of the problems SMP($\mathcal{K}$), SMP($\mathbb{HS}
\mathcal{K}$), and finding compact representations for subpowers in
$\mathcal{K}$, is polynomial time reducible to any of the others, and the first
two lie in NP.
|
cs.LO
|
the subalgebra membership problem is the problem of deciding if a given element belongs to an algebra given by a set of generators this is one of the best established computational problems in algebra we consider a variant of this problem which is motivated by recent progress in the constraint satisfaction problem and is often referred to as the subpower membership problem smp in the smp we are given a set of tuples in a direct product of algebras from a fixed finite set mathcalk of finite algebras and are asked whether or not a given tuple belongs to the subalgebra of the direct product generated by a given set our main result is that the subpower membership problem smpmathcalk is in p if mathcalk is a finite set of finite algebras with a cube term provided mathcalk is contained in a residually small variety we also prove that for any finite set of finite algebras mathcalk in a variety with a cube term each one of the problems smpmathcalk smpmathbbhs mathcalk and finding compact representations for subpowers in mathcalk is polynomial time reducible to any of the others and the first two lie in np
|
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|
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|
1,803.0802
|
Existence of global weak solutions for unsteady motions of
incompressible chemically reacting generalized Newtonian fluids
|
We study a system of nonlinear partial differential equations describing the
unsteady motions of incompressible chemically reacting non-Newtonian fluids.
The system under consideration consists of the generalized Navier-Stokes
equations with a power-law type stress-strain relation, where the power-law
index depends on the concentration of a chemical, coupled to a
convection-diffusion equation for the concentration. This system of equations
arises in the rheology of the synovial fluid found in the cavities of synovial
joints. We prove the existence of global weak solutions of the non-stationary
model by using the Galerkin method combined with generalized monotone operator
theory and parabolic De Giorgi-Nash-Moser theory. As the governing equations
involve a nonlinearity with a variable power-law index, our proofs exploit the
framework of generalized Sobolev spaces with variable integrability exponent.
|
math.AP
|
we study a system of nonlinear partial differential equations describing the unsteady motions of incompressible chemically reacting nonnewtonian fluids the system under consideration consists of the generalized navierstokes equations with a powerlaw type stressstrain relation where the powerlaw index depends on the concentration of a chemical coupled to a convectiondiffusion equation for the concentration this system of equations arises in the rheology of the synovial fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints we prove the existence of global weak solutions of the nonstationary model by using the galerkin method combined with generalized monotone operator theory and parabolic de giorginashmoser theory as the governing equations involve a nonlinearity with a variable powerlaw index our proofs exploit the framework of generalized sobolev spaces with variable integrability exponent
|
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|
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|
1,803.08021
|
Error Estimation for Randomized Least-Squares Algorithms via the
Bootstrap
|
Over the course of the past decade, a variety of randomized algorithms have
been proposed for computing approximate least-squares (LS) solutions in
large-scale settings. A longstanding practical issue is that, for any given
input, the user rarely knows the actual error of an approximate solution
(relative to the exact solution). Likewise, it is difficult for the user to
know precisely how much computation is needed to achieve the desired error
tolerance. Consequently, the user often appeals to worst-case error bounds that
tend to offer only qualitative guidance. As a more practical alternative, we
propose a bootstrap method to compute a posteriori error estimates for
randomized LS algorithms. These estimates permit the user to numerically assess
the error of a given solution, and to predict how much work is needed to
improve a "preliminary" solution. In addition, we provide theoretical
consistency results for the method, which are the first such results in this
context (to the best of our knowledge). From a practical standpoint, the method
also has considerable flexibility, insofar as it can be applied to several
popular sketching algorithms, as well as a variety of error metrics. Moreover,
the extra step of error estimation does not add much cost to an underlying
sketching algorithm. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the method
with empirical results.
|
stat.ML cs.LG stat.CO
|
over the course of the past decade a variety of randomized algorithms have been proposed for computing approximate leastsquares ls solutions in largescale settings a longstanding practical issue is that for any given input the user rarely knows the actual error of an approximate solution relative to the exact solution likewise it is difficult for the user to know precisely how much computation is needed to achieve the desired error tolerance consequently the user often appeals to worstcase error bounds that tend to offer only qualitative guidance as a more practical alternative we propose a bootstrap method to compute a posteriori error estimates for randomized ls algorithms these estimates permit the user to numerically assess the error of a given solution and to predict how much work is needed to improve a preliminary solution in addition we provide theoretical consistency results for the method which are the first such results in this context to the best of our knowledge from a practical standpoint the method also has considerable flexibility insofar as it can be applied to several popular sketching algorithms as well as a variety of error metrics moreover the extra step of error estimation does not add much cost to an underlying sketching algorithm finally we demonstrate the effectiveness of the method with empirical results
|
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|
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|
1,803.08022
|
Twitter for Sparking a Movement, Reddit for Sharing the Moment: #metoo
through the Lens of Social Media
|
Social media platforms are revolutionizing the way users communicate by
increasing the exposure to highly stigmatized issues in the society. Sexual
abuse is one such issue that recently took over social media via attaching the
hashtag #metoo to the shared posts. Individuals with different backgrounds and
ethnicities began sharing their unfortunate personal experiences of being
assaulted. Through comparative analysis of the tweets via #meToo on Twitter
versus the posts shared on the #meToo subreddit, this paper makes an initial
attempt to assess public reactions and emotions. Though nearly equal ratios of
negative and positive posts are shared on both platforms, Reddit posts are
focused on the sexual assaults within families and workplaces while Twitter
posts are on showing empathy and encouraging others to continue the #metoo
movement. The data collected in this research and preliminary analysis
demonstrate that users use various ways to share their experience, exchange
ideas and encourage each other, and social media is suitable for groundswells
such as #metoo movement.
|
cs.SI
|
social media platforms are revolutionizing the way users communicate by increasing the exposure to highly stigmatized issues in the society sexual abuse is one such issue that recently took over social media via attaching the hashtag metoo to the shared posts individuals with different backgrounds and ethnicities began sharing their unfortunate personal experiences of being assaulted through comparative analysis of the tweets via metoo on twitter versus the posts shared on the metoo subreddit this paper makes an initial attempt to assess public reactions and emotions though nearly equal ratios of negative and positive posts are shared on both platforms reddit posts are focused on the sexual assaults within families and workplaces while twitter posts are on showing empathy and encouraging others to continue the metoo movement the data collected in this research and preliminary analysis demonstrate that users use various ways to share their experience exchange ideas and encourage each other and social media is suitable for groundswells such as metoo movement
|
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|
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|
1,803.08023
|
On enumerating extensions of p-adic fields with given invariants
|
We give a brief re-exposition of the theory due to Pauli and Sinclair of
ramification polygons of Eisenstein polynomials over p-adic fields, their
associated residual polynomials and an algorithm to produce all extensions for
a given ramification polygon. We supplement this with an algorithm to produce
all ramification polygons of a given degree, and hence we can produce all
totally ramified extensions of a given degree.
|
math.NT
|
we give a brief reexposition of the theory due to pauli and sinclair of ramification polygons of eisenstein polynomials over padic fields their associated residual polynomials and an algorithm to produce all extensions for a given ramification polygon we supplement this with an algorithm to produce all ramification polygons of a given degree and hence we can produce all totally ramified extensions of a given degree
|
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|
[-0.20438075920280355, 0.07683683290334346, -0.134918602842551, 0.054961216927935874, -0.13134023413205376, -0.14928305086034996, 0.03898703611205117, 0.316524866853769, -0.320539075250809, -0.2325563223889241, 0.059218439266372186, -0.23571033380352535, -0.154952184512065, 0.2242611475288868, -0.18807699075685097, -0.0132198699678366, 0.005451011718609012, 0.09791522040390051, -0.028683304091772208, -0.42129288507052337, 0.3023253901145206, 0.00913236433496842, 0.12475913923520308, 0.07543582210603815, 0.11615755221304985, 0.03425230010627554, -0.020787110179662706, -0.0002829337349304786, -0.12882081309978205, 0.15656767630806337, 0.2919736119703605, 0.11198737177138145, 0.19655904706854085, -0.40655100219524826, -0.1181439770743824, 0.2599923454081783, 0.1237000450420265, 0.06988009761732358, -0.02307114048072925, -0.23034909118253452, 0.10430285701384912, -0.16094210275063792, -0.21689425391646533, -0.1154386488147653, 0.0020567668709330833, 0.09169413835669939, -0.28270698761424196, -0.020964091271162034, 0.0876409279415384, 0.20666521953848693, -0.046874437466836893, -0.12518286933549322, 0.01786195386487704, 0.024235822145755474, -0.0069138479920533985, 0.03634410832220545, 0.01806101591971058, -0.11063721305690706, -0.15933061181925812, 0.3713815227724039, -0.0034172087621230345, -0.1968910232759439, 0.13619466346079626, -0.15479367615368503, -0.15918337715646394, 0.1607607410934109, 0.13508613841751446, 0.12261952712702064, -0.03426947729805341, 0.1355501628955468, -0.09856686704577161, 0.07795708566330946, 0.1625321976410655, -0.03764074960580239, 0.186484859797817, -0.007409525490724124, 0.10185064284417492, 0.17539503318615832, -0.016013119886450183, -0.030332348345277402, -0.36232493456739645, -0.1528857588624725, -0.1094707602258915, 0.058720398135483264, -0.14046520005414584, -0.24997711244683998, 0.4764437568015777, 0.1284473824744614, 0.24532897730286304, 0.19561785045438088, 0.2061754345607299, 0.09604870656935069, 0.06658828670803744, 0.06667544381836286, 0.03497796425452599, 0.22914966854911584, -0.04234173241465424, -0.09977649777697829, -0.026133103661525707, 0.15819411157415464]
|
1,803.08024
|
Stacked Cross Attention for Image-Text Matching
|
In this paper, we study the problem of image-text matching. Inferring the
latent semantic alignment between objects or other salient stuff (e.g. snow,
sky, lawn) and the corresponding words in sentences allows to capture
fine-grained interplay between vision and language, and makes image-text
matching more interpretable. Prior work either simply aggregates the similarity
of all possible pairs of regions and words without attending differentially to
more and less important words or regions, or uses a multi-step attentional
process to capture limited number of semantic alignments which is less
interpretable. In this paper, we present Stacked Cross Attention to discover
the full latent alignments using both image regions and words in a sentence as
context and infer image-text similarity. Our approach achieves the
state-of-the-art results on the MS-COCO and Flickr30K datasets. On Flickr30K,
our approach outperforms the current best methods by 22.1% relatively in text
retrieval from image query, and 18.2% relatively in image retrieval with text
query (based on Recall@1). On MS-COCO, our approach improves sentence retrieval
by 17.8% relatively and image retrieval by 16.6% relatively (based on Recall@1
using the 5K test set). Code has been made available at:
https://github.com/kuanghuei/SCAN.
|
cs.CV cs.AI cs.LG
|
in this paper we study the problem of imagetext matching inferring the latent semantic alignment between objects or other salient stuff eg snow sky lawn and the corresponding words in sentences allows to capture finegrained interplay between vision and language and makes imagetext matching more interpretable prior work either simply aggregates the similarity of all possible pairs of regions and words without attending differentially to more and less important words or regions or uses a multistep attentional process to capture limited number of semantic alignments which is less interpretable in this paper we present stacked cross attention to discover the full latent alignments using both image regions and words in a sentence as context and infer imagetext similarity our approach achieves the stateoftheart results on the mscoco and flickr30k datasets on flickr30k our approach outperforms the current best methods by 221 relatively in text retrieval from image query and 182 relatively in image retrieval with text query based on recall1 on mscoco our approach improves sentence retrieval by 178 relatively and image retrieval by 166 relatively based on recall1 using the 5k test set code has been made available at httpsgithubcomkuanghueiscan
|
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|
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|
1,803.08025
|
A signature invariant for knotted Klein graphs
|
We define some signature invariants for a class of knotted trivalent graphs
using branched covers. We relate them to classical signatures of knots and
links. Finally, we explain how to compute these invariants through the example
of Kinoshita's knotted theta graph.
|
math.GT
|
we define some signature invariants for a class of knotted trivalent graphs using branched covers we relate them to classical signatures of knots and links finally we explain how to compute these invariants through the example of kinoshitas knotted theta graph
|
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|
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|
1,803.08026
|
Persistence of Strong Silica-Enriched Domains in the Earth's Lower
Mantle
|
The composition of the lower mantle $-$ comprising 56% of Earth's volume $-$
remains poorly constrained. Among the major elements, Mg/Si ratios ranging from
$\sim$0.9$-$1.1, such as in rocky solar-system building blocks (or chondrites),
to $\sim$1.2$-$1.3, such as in upper-mantle rocks (or pyrolite), have been
proposed. Geophysical evidence for subducted lithosphere deep in the mantle has
been interpreted in terms of efficient mixing and thus homogeneous Mg/Si across
most of the mantle. However, previous models did not consider the effects of
variable Mg/Si on the viscosity and mixing efficiency of lower-mantle rocks.
Here, we use geodynamic models to show that large-scale heterogeneity with
viscosity variations of $\sim$20$\times$, such as due to the dominance of
intrinsically strong (Mg,Fe)SiO$_3-$bridgmanite in low-Mg/Si domains, are
sufficient to prevent efficient mantle mixing, even on large scales. Models
predict that intrinsically strong domains stabilize degree-two
mantle-convection patterns, and coherently persist at depths of
$\sim$1,000$-$2,200 km up to the present-day, separated by relatively narrow
up-/downwelling conduits of pyrolitic material. The stable manifestation of
such "bridgmanite-enriched ancient mantle structures" (BEAMS) may reconcile the
geographical fixity of deep-rooted mantle-upwelling centers, and fundamental
geophysical changes near 1,000 km depth (e.g. in terms of seismic-tomography
patterns, radial viscosity increase, lateral deflections of rising plumes and
sinking slabs). Moreover, these ancient structures may provide a reservoir to
host primordial geochemical signatures.
|
astro-ph.EP
|
the composition of the lower mantle comprising 56 of earths volume remains poorly constrained among the major elements mgsi ratios ranging from sim0911 such as in rocky solarsystem building blocks or chondrites to sim1213 such as in uppermantle rocks or pyrolite have been proposed geophysical evidence for subducted lithosphere deep in the mantle has been interpreted in terms of efficient mixing and thus homogeneous mgsi across most of the mantle however previous models did not consider the effects of variable mgsi on the viscosity and mixing efficiency of lowermantle rocks here we use geodynamic models to show that largescale heterogeneity with viscosity variations of sim20times such as due to the dominance of intrinsically strong mgfesio_3bridgmanite in lowmgsi domains are sufficient to prevent efficient mantle mixing even on large scales models predict that intrinsically strong domains stabilize degreetwo mantleconvection patterns and coherently persist at depths of sim10002200 km up to the presentday separated by relatively narrow updownwelling conduits of pyrolitic material the stable manifestation of such bridgmaniteenriched ancient mantle structures beams may reconcile the geographical fixity of deeprooted mantleupwelling centers and fundamental geophysical changes near 1000 km depth eg in terms of seismictomography patterns radial viscosity increase lateral deflections of rising plumes and sinking slabs moreover these ancient structures may provide a reservoir to host primordial geochemical signatures
|
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|
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|
1,803.08027
|
Efficient Bandwidth Estimation in Two-dimensional Filtered
Backprojection Reconstruction
|
A generalized cross-validation approach to estimate the reconstruction filter
bandwidth in two-dimensional Filtered Backprojection is presented. The method
writes the reconstruction equation in equivalent backprojected filtering form,
derives results on eigendecomposition of symmetric two-dimensional circulant
matrices and applies them to make bandwidth estimation a computationally
efficient operation within the context of standard backprojected filtering
reconstruction. Performance evaluations on a wide range of simulated emission
tomography experiments give promising results. The superior performance holds
at both low and high total expected counts, pointing to the method's
applicability even in weaker signal-noise situations. The approach also applies
to the more general class of elliptically symmetric filters, with
reconstruction performance often better than even that obtained with the true
optimal radially symmetric filter.
|
stat.ME stat.AP stat.CO
|
a generalized crossvalidation approach to estimate the reconstruction filter bandwidth in twodimensional filtered backprojection is presented the method writes the reconstruction equation in equivalent backprojected filtering form derives results on eigendecomposition of symmetric twodimensional circulant matrices and applies them to make bandwidth estimation a computationally efficient operation within the context of standard backprojected filtering reconstruction performance evaluations on a wide range of simulated emission tomography experiments give promising results the superior performance holds at both low and high total expected counts pointing to the methods applicability even in weaker signalnoise situations the approach also applies to the more general class of elliptically symmetric filters with reconstruction performance often better than even that obtained with the true optimal radially symmetric filter
|
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|
[-0.04959530188207282, -0.016741479265814027, -0.04053023880696856, 0.10536699936249837, -0.07519493442378007, -0.19774920136745397, 0.004413256724365056, 0.4396849516468743, -0.22747470433047662, -0.3049573824493564, 0.1239090369073286, -0.22579609933309258, -0.14603440549544758, 0.2356292582427462, -0.10061339493258856, 0.07694767693368097, 0.13692338806383, -0.012474607241650422, -0.16452030521128716, -0.26362396742527683, 0.20542020504434125, 0.11604455895236848, 0.3714734414204334, -0.026044175579833486, 0.08499809509376063, 0.0648349702785102, -0.042928165569901464, 0.0017571836888237158, -0.10018644596984813, 0.125193688570774, 0.27705622194334867, 0.11166637984958167, 0.26010647385846825, -0.34953983513017495, -0.20089827143820002, 0.09793787015466175, 0.12442580050555989, 0.07904177342231075, -0.06649610987769847, -0.285748005778684, 0.10107056178773442, -0.14664814670880635, -0.08928316073919025, -0.105605611562108, -0.051915597616850086, -0.000582787271317405, -0.33645373336039486, 0.1144901229570678, 0.04607723783107455, -0.018152595872137075, -0.0331631384169062, -0.15966868264270792, 0.03033968578480805, 0.05753454710744942, -0.018064454415192208, -0.00011432588895938049, 0.13119230817149705, -0.12968061690529187, -0.1018534408028548, 0.36745039973563204, -0.07344689448618738, -0.25937177715823057, 0.1780186986870831, -0.12156422536354512, -0.07346996359119658, 0.21595652756125977, 0.1860574736725539, 0.15364985595612476, -0.10830448016834755, 0.03986852514911637, -0.033804734008541955, 0.17091394953992373, 0.0834218155524771, 0.038047880854477016, 0.10201654705451801, 0.1547827625608382, 0.12877934654631343, 0.1573398805068185, -0.134842436118682, -0.09203471870278009, -0.24522848873554418, -0.09489459268903981, -0.20406369398503255, 0.021532024481954674, -0.11884769864821768, -0.16600826578602815, 0.401617572462419, 0.20615672139683738, 0.13312900710540512, 0.10163630380605658, 0.36902522161447754, 0.12214940527046565, 0.07381160625567039, 0.06508614249760285, 0.19125042321393265, 0.16084702171307677, 0.08145410915991912, -0.15637161992878343, 0.029376544787858925, 0.03438087780377828]
|
1,803.08028
|
Sexiphenyl on Cu(100): nc-AFM tip functionalization and identification
|
The contrast obtained in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force
microscopy (AFM) images is determined by the tip termination and symmetry.
Functionalizing the tip with a single metal atom, CO molecule or organic
species has been shown to provide high spatial resolution and insights into
tip-surface interactions. A topic where this concept is utilized is the
adsorption of organic molecules at surfaces. With this work we aim to
contribute to the growing database of organic molecules that allow assignment
by intra-molecular imaging. We investigated the organic molecule
para-sexiphenyl (C36H26, 6P) on Cu(100) using low-temperature STM and
non-contact AFM with intra-molecular resolution. In the sub-monolayer regime we
find a planar and flat adsorption with the 6P molecules rotated 10{\deg} off
the <010> directions. In this configuration, four of the six phenyl rings
occupy almost equivalent sites on the surface. The 6P molecules are further
investigated with CO- functionalized tips, in comparison to a single-atom metal
and 6P-terminated tip. We also show that the procedure of using adsorbed CO to
characterize tips introduced by Hofmann et al. Phys. Rev. B 112 (2014) 066101
is useful when the tip is terminated with an organic molecule.
|
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
|
the contrast obtained in scanning tunneling microscopy stm and atomic force microscopy afm images is determined by the tip termination and symmetry functionalizing the tip with a single metal atom co molecule or organic species has been shown to provide high spatial resolution and insights into tipsurface interactions a topic where this concept is utilized is the adsorption of organic molecules at surfaces with this work we aim to contribute to the growing database of organic molecules that allow assignment by intramolecular imaging we investigated the organic molecule parasexiphenyl c36h26 6p on cu100 using lowtemperature stm and noncontact afm with intramolecular resolution in the submonolayer regime we find a planar and flat adsorption with the 6p molecules rotated 10deg off the 010 directions in this configuration four of the six phenyl rings occupy almost equivalent sites on the surface the 6p molecules are further investigated with co functionalized tips in comparison to a singleatom metal and 6pterminated tip we also show that the procedure of using adsorbed co to characterize tips introduced by hofmann et al phys rev b 112 2014 066101 is useful when the tip is terminated with an organic molecule
|
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|
[-0.10223376926422334, 0.11655431967882345, -0.01998702022740715, -0.033137759062125106, 0.012751502211629876, -0.1925849544801091, 0.08749017888906836, 0.45198583592284663, -0.2169417414024316, -0.30453920354566866, -0.05090991485405577, -0.32829619454054154, -0.12774619106715301, 0.12899418926739295, -0.0034742406057437676, -0.03994289509000023, 0.013784767309930883, -0.10123139601283102, -0.008285333108673779, -0.22465017533924184, 0.2196034566537082, 0.08712063217048012, 0.28881143360686395, 0.12048849731644723, 0.062274731681023904, 0.005098525948239812, 0.08603925818908979, 0.008425026666373014, -0.2146870379671558, 0.14248431336031972, 0.24151702679167086, -0.07492575462095694, 0.1704551540022589, -0.520473981337105, -0.18434346876355834, -0.019608925864666078, 0.1429806127991888, 0.13980065727753002, -0.05885907927631944, -0.2949063237512689, 0.01144195799423255, -0.07663747696303494, -0.11464254674379816, -0.06143621041217614, 0.01409242355632864, 0.04928608308424344, -0.21162406930027053, 0.06839088085049602, 0.005615751245315065, 0.13629514377330143, -0.07999119520460436, -0.1201426533309265, -0.09995104608257638, 0.05244836123999701, -0.015275615010244763, 0.09745983145180212, 0.2411205955123997, -0.0448777180394226, -0.058522193679520225, 0.3617546264013929, -0.08300002623734636, -0.12009131058813463, 0.2343975392277523, -0.17768448764087721, -0.1011339097761632, 0.18942824027047575, 0.02932917609498763, 0.17638023910039538, -0.15503208270866037, 0.06641846562519972, -0.024728585875724778, 0.19700132515915322, 0.17940735647787648, 0.022511421568711235, 0.22491659072876288, 0.21838406930648335, 0.030666387862256478, 0.13637130236233638, -0.21769905013168786, -0.017949581239799145, -0.13999085462803304, -0.23183460140732454, -0.20658206177573085, 0.04712216774762379, 0.005555543867296403, -0.12840308764683087, 0.3188124898167727, 0.07263273582946149, 0.1959579008733805, -0.09674105442650811, 0.2753639263381294, -0.003873962523776511, 0.07523491039185867, -0.03996180163949962, 0.2199923671947802, 0.16036981061291125, 0.0815289414034308, -0.2601796812792333, 0.07730152633977343, 0.029555330956257217]
|
1,803.08029
|
On characters of $L_{\frak{sl}_n}(-\Lambda_0)$-modules
|
We use recent results of Rolen, Zwegers, and the first author to study
characters of irreducible (highest weight) modules for the vertex operator
algebra $L_{\frak{sl}_\ell}(-\Lambda_0)$. We establish asymptotic behaviors of
characters for the (ordinary) irreducible
$L_{\frak{sl}_\ell}(-\Lambda_0)$-modules. As a consequence we prove that their
quantum dimensions are one, as predicted by representation theory. We also
establish a full asymptotic expansion of irreducible characters for
$\frak{sl}_3$. Finally, we determine a decomposition formula for the full
characters in terms of unary theta and false theta functions which allows us to
study their modular properties.
|
math.NT math.RT
|
we use recent results of rolen zwegers and the first author to study characters of irreducible highest weight modules for the vertex operator algebra l_fraksl_elllambda_0 we establish asymptotic behaviors of characters for the ordinary irreducible l_fraksl_elllambda_0modules as a consequence we prove that their quantum dimensions are one as predicted by representation theory we also establish a full asymptotic expansion of irreducible characters for fraksl_3 finally we determine a decomposition formula for the full characters in terms of unary theta and false theta functions which allows us to study their modular properties
|
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|
[-0.14504223956799742, 0.050824548684850625, -0.12719187360215053, 0.07553858421952202, -0.1242823469102006, -0.08440898191916306, 0.04606605263746061, 0.3225456647616759, -0.29109744555997047, -0.21551860075736984, 0.09129048956511018, -0.2585207197654618, -0.2217596172449294, 0.18042484621695254, -0.052481574092709114, 0.02492441093611918, 0.05658933559819805, 0.10522484693550661, -0.1303236256170432, -0.2645118706807327, 0.36392671491929823, -0.004403816992573942, 0.22893323178999544, 0.041808018106391676, 0.14470883954860522, 0.060219331257296414, -0.021162351402401757, -0.08543856393838867, -0.17559605515916804, 0.16579401890715856, 0.3099339910353837, 0.07311964883165581, 0.19371384097619004, -0.36270930936162393, -0.1019670072200007, 0.14439860537773772, 0.13671976813962788, 0.0807284219988381, 0.03459855585798537, -0.24487931854771763, 0.12596060768334885, -0.2527031786739826, -0.19088864811497291, -0.1447992061338063, 0.05065930620348604, 0.007042351665414786, -0.2696502446458581, 0.04348190531907656, 0.09135121606248484, 0.09485652635732059, -0.09557512949359488, -0.14522087149939428, 0.016893739247003967, 0.16251021010926767, 0.011077775086244841, -0.038081395832214794, 0.024987164031965343, -0.1777932033089272, -0.14606235445780533, 0.30200739656287257, -0.05076950569074664, -0.20477584098580848, 0.13583329423550475, -0.19555264900260594, -0.1691547074313328, 0.056475802246230035, 0.1319420728256947, 0.14737914192877458, -0.07050658631651255, 0.1390957256263708, -0.0857118841762958, 0.06819751638960972, 0.12029496143477854, 0.035349833512197386, 0.1264140842105733, 0.03849761271744632, 0.003900710032897049, 0.2099059268314224, 0.023078861761461483, -0.0171532971873419, -0.33688808238301216, -0.23148250801677114, -0.1356567045924871, 0.08070362783089448, -0.10795636182805272, -0.17546742271338955, 0.4491931035424049, 0.11939458219397268, 0.1989627435301127, 0.16961204239789898, 0.1847942820540891, 0.14564750101181856, 0.0707810319426438, 0.02397419424894988, 0.12907797054209735, 0.2037738292410007, -0.01785399339925707, -0.16431336773015306, 0.03202873959207353, 0.20427939962344557]
|
1,803.0803
|
Search for new physics in dijet angular distributions using
proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV and constraints on dark matter
and other models
|
A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model, based on
measurements of dijet angular distributions in proton-proton collisions at
$\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV. The data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC
correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The observed
distributions are found to be in agreement with predictions from perturbative
quantum chromodynamics that include electroweak corrections. Constraints are
placed on models containing quark contact interactions, extra spatial
dimensions, quantum black holes, or dark matter using the detector-level
distributions. In a benchmark model where only left-handed quarks participate,
contact interactions are excluded at the 95% confidence level up to a scale of
12.8 or 17.5 TeV, for destructive or constructive interference, respectively.
The most stringent lower limits to date are set on the ultraviolet cutoff in
the Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali model of extra dimensions. In the
Giudice-Rattazzi-Wells convention, the cutoff scale is excluded up to 10.1 TeV.
The production of quantum black holes is excluded for masses below 5.9 and 8.2
TeV, depending on the model. For the first time, lower limits between 2.0 and
4.6 TeV are set on the mass of a dark matter mediator for (axial-)vector
mediators, for the universal quark coupling $g_\mathrm{q}\geq$ 1.
|
hep-ex
|
a search is presented for physics beyond the standard model based on measurements of dijet angular distributions in protonproton collisions at sqrts 13 tev the data collected with the cms detector at the lhc correspond to an integrated luminosity of 359 fb1 the observed distributions are found to be in agreement with predictions from perturbative quantum chromodynamics that include electroweak corrections constraints are placed on models containing quark contact interactions extra spatial dimensions quantum black holes or dark matter using the detectorlevel distributions in a benchmark model where only lefthanded quarks participate contact interactions are excluded at the 95 confidence level up to a scale of 128 or 175 tev for destructive or constructive interference respectively the most stringent lower limits to date are set on the ultraviolet cutoff in the arkanihameddimopoulosdvali model of extra dimensions in the giudicerattazziwells convention the cutoff scale is excluded up to 101 tev the production of quantum black holes is excluded for masses below 59 and 82 tev depending on the model for the first time lower limits between 20 and 46 tev are set on the mass of a dark matter mediator for axialvector mediators for the universal quark coupling g_mathrmqgeq 1
|
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|
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|
1,803.08031
|
Primal-Dual Algorithm for Distributed Reinforcement Learning:
Distributed GTD
|
The goal of this paper is to study a distributed version of the gradient
temporal-difference (GTD) learning algorithm for multi-agent Markov decision
processes (MDPs). The temporal difference (TD) learning is a reinforcement
learning (RL) algorithm which learns an infinite horizon discounted cost
function (or value function) for a given fixed policy without the model
knowledge. In the distributed RL case each agent receives local reward through
a local processing. Information exchange over sparse communication network
allows the agents to learn the global value function corresponding to a global
reward, which is a sum of local rewards. In this paper, the problem is
converted into a constrained convex optimization problem with a consensus
constraint. Then, we propose a primal-dual distributed GTD algorithm and prove
that it almost surely converges to a set of stationary points of the
optimization problem.
|
math.OC
|
the goal of this paper is to study a distributed version of the gradient temporaldifference gtd learning algorithm for multiagent markov decision processes mdps the temporal difference td learning is a reinforcement learning rl algorithm which learns an infinite horizon discounted cost function or value function for a given fixed policy without the model knowledge in the distributed rl case each agent receives local reward through a local processing information exchange over sparse communication network allows the agents to learn the global value function corresponding to a global reward which is a sum of local rewards in this paper the problem is converted into a constrained convex optimization problem with a consensus constraint then we propose a primaldual distributed gtd algorithm and prove that it almost surely converges to a set of stationary points of the optimization problem
|
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|
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|
1,803.08032
|
Iteration at the Boundary of Newton Maps
|
Let $\{N_t\}$ be a holomorphic family of degree $d\ge 3$ Newton maps. By
studying the related Berkovich dynamics, we obtain an estimate of the weak
limit of the maximal measures of $N_t$. Moreover, we give a complete
description of the rescaling limits for $\{N_t\}$.
|
math.DS
|
let n_t be a holomorphic family of degree dge 3 newton maps by studying the related berkovich dynamics we obtain an estimate of the weak limit of the maximal measures of n_t moreover we give a complete description of the rescaling limits for n_t
|
[['let', 'n_t', 'be', 'a', 'holomorphic', 'family', 'of', 'degree', 'dge', '3', 'newton', 'maps', 'by', 'studying', 'the', 'related', 'berkovich', 'dynamics', 'we', 'obtain', 'an', 'estimate', 'of', 'the', 'weak', 'limit', 'of', 'the', 'maximal', 'measures', 'of', 'n_t', 'moreover', 'we', 'give', 'a', 'complete', 'description', 'of', 'the', 'rescaling', 'limits', 'for', 'n_t']]
|
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|
1,803.08033
|
Hereditarily minimal topological groups
|
We study locally compact groups having all subgroups minimal. We call such
groups hereditarily minimal. In 1972 Prodanov proved that the infinite
hereditarily minimal compact abelian groups are precisely the groups $\mathbb
Z_p$ of $p$-adic integers. We extend Prodanov's theorem to the non-abelian case
at several levels. For infinite hypercentral (in particular, nilpotent) locally
compact groups we show that the hereditarily minimal ones remain the same as in
the abelian case. On the other hand, we classify completely the locally compact
solvable hereditarily minimal groups, showing that in particular they are
always compact and metabelian.
The proofs involve the (hereditarily) locally minimal groups, introduced
similarly. In particular, we prove a conjecture by He, Xiao and the first two
authors, showing that the group $\mathbb Q_p\rtimes \mathbb Q_p^*$ is
hereditarily locally minimal, where $\mathbb Q_p^*$ is the multiplicative group
of non-zero $p$-adic numbers acting on the first component by multiplication.
Furthermore, it turns out that the locally compact solvable hereditarily
minimal groups are closely related to this group.
|
math.GN math.GR
|
we study locally compact groups having all subgroups minimal we call such groups hereditarily minimal in 1972 prodanov proved that the infinite hereditarily minimal compact abelian groups are precisely the groups mathbb z_p of padic integers we extend prodanovs theorem to the nonabelian case at several levels for infinite hypercentral in particular nilpotent locally compact groups we show that the hereditarily minimal ones remain the same as in the abelian case on the other hand we classify completely the locally compact solvable hereditarily minimal groups showing that in particular they are always compact and metabelian the proofs involve the hereditarily locally minimal groups introduced similarly in particular we prove a conjecture by he xiao and the first two authors showing that the group mathbb q_prtimes mathbb q_p is hereditarily locally minimal where mathbb q_p is the multiplicative group of nonzero padic numbers acting on the first component by multiplication furthermore it turns out that the locally compact solvable hereditarily minimal groups are closely related to this group
|
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|
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|
1,803.08034
|
Word Problem Languages for Free Inverse Monoids
|
This paper considers the word problem for free inverse monoids of finite rank
from a language theory perspective. It is shown that no free inverse monoid has
context-free word problem; that the word problem of the free inverse monoid of
rank $1$ is both $2$-context-free (an intersection of two context-free
languages) and ET0L; that the co-word problem of the free inverse monoid of
rank $1$ is context-free; and that the word problem of a free inverse monoid of
rank greater than $1$ is not poly-context-free.
|
math.GR cs.FL
|
this paper considers the word problem for free inverse monoids of finite rank from a language theory perspective it is shown that no free inverse monoid has contextfree word problem that the word problem of the free inverse monoid of rank 1 is both 2contextfree an intersection of two contextfree languages and et0l that the coword problem of the free inverse monoid of rank 1 is contextfree and that the word problem of a free inverse monoid of rank greater than 1 is not polycontextfree
|
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|
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|
1,803.08035
|
Zero-shot Recognition via Semantic Embeddings and Knowledge Graphs
|
We consider the problem of zero-shot recognition: learning a visual
classifier for a category with zero training examples, just using the word
embedding of the category and its relationship to other categories, which
visual data are provided. The key to dealing with the unfamiliar or novel
category is to transfer knowledge obtained from familiar classes to describe
the unfamiliar class. In this paper, we build upon the recently introduced
Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) and propose an approach that uses both
semantic embeddings and the categorical relationships to predict the
classifiers. Given a learned knowledge graph (KG), our approach takes as input
semantic embeddings for each node (representing visual category). After a
series of graph convolutions, we predict the visual classifier for each
category. During training, the visual classifiers for a few categories are
given to learn the GCN parameters. At test time, these filters are used to
predict the visual classifiers of unseen categories. We show that our approach
is robust to noise in the KG. More importantly, our approach provides
significant improvement in performance compared to the current state-of-the-art
results (from 2 ~ 3% on some metrics to whopping 20% on a few).
|
cs.CV cs.CL
|
we consider the problem of zeroshot recognition learning a visual classifier for a category with zero training examples just using the word embedding of the category and its relationship to other categories which visual data are provided the key to dealing with the unfamiliar or novel category is to transfer knowledge obtained from familiar classes to describe the unfamiliar class in this paper we build upon the recently introduced graph convolutional network gcn and propose an approach that uses both semantic embeddings and the categorical relationships to predict the classifiers given a learned knowledge graph kg our approach takes as input semantic embeddings for each node representing visual category after a series of graph convolutions we predict the visual classifier for each category during training the visual classifiers for a few categories are given to learn the gcn parameters at test time these filters are used to predict the visual classifiers of unseen categories we show that our approach is robust to noise in the kg more importantly our approach provides significant improvement in performance compared to the current stateoftheart results from 2 3 on some metrics to whopping 20 on a few
|
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|
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|
1,803.08036
|
Light-harvesting with guide-slide superabsorbing condensed-matter
nanostructures
|
We establish design principles for light-harvesting antennae whose energy
capture scales superlinearly with system size. Controlling the absorber dipole
orientations produces sets of `guide-slide' states which promote steady-state
superabsorbing characteristics in noisy condensed-matter nanostructures.
Inspired by natural photosynthetic complexes, we discuss the example of
ring-like dipole arrangements and show that, in our setup, vibrational
relaxation enhances rather than impedes performance. Remarkably, the
superabsorption effect proves robust to O(5%) disorder simultaneously for all
relevant system parameters, showing promise for experimental exploration across
a broad range of platforms.
|
quant-ph
|
we establish design principles for lightharvesting antennae whose energy capture scales superlinearly with system size controlling the absorber dipole orientations produces sets of guideslide states which promote steadystate superabsorbing characteristics in noisy condensedmatter nanostructures inspired by natural photosynthetic complexes we discuss the example of ringlike dipole arrangements and show that in our setup vibrational relaxation enhances rather than impedes performance remarkably the superabsorption effect proves robust to o5 disorder simultaneously for all relevant system parameters showing promise for experimental exploration across a broad range of platforms
|
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|
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|
1,803.08037
|
Similar Elements and Metric Labeling on Complete Graphs
|
We consider a problem that involves finding similar elements in a collection
of sets. The problem is motivated by applications in machine learning and
pattern recognition. We formulate the similar elements problem as an
optimization and give an efficient approximation algorithm that finds a
solution within a factor of 2 of the optimal. The similar elements problem is a
special case of the metric labeling problem and we also give an efficient
2-approximation algorithm for the metric labeling problem on complete graphs.
|
cs.DS cs.AI cs.LG
|
we consider a problem that involves finding similar elements in a collection of sets the problem is motivated by applications in machine learning and pattern recognition we formulate the similar elements problem as an optimization and give an efficient approximation algorithm that finds a solution within a factor of 2 of the optimal the similar elements problem is a special case of the metric labeling problem and we also give an efficient 2approximation algorithm for the metric labeling problem on complete graphs
|
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|
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|
1,803.08038
|
On Non-localization of Eigenvectors of High Girth Graphs
|
We prove improved bounds on how localized an eigenvector of a high girth
regular graph can be, and present examples showing that these bounds are close
to sharp. This study was initiated by Brooks and Lindenstrauss (2009) who
relied on the observation that certain suitably normalized averaging operators
on high girth graphs are hyper-contractive and can be used to approximate
projectors onto the eigenspaces of such graphs. Informally, their
delocalization result in the contrapositive states that for any $\varepsilon
\in (0,1)$ and positive integer $k,$ if a $(d+1)-$regular graph has an
eigenvector which supports $\varepsilon$ fraction of the $\ell_2^2$ mass on a
subset of $k$ vertices, then the graph must have a cycle of size
$\tilde{O}(\log_{d}(k)/\varepsilon^2)$, suppressing logarithmic terms in
$1/\varepsilon$. In this paper, we improve the upper bound to
$\tilde{O}(\log_{d}(k)/\varepsilon)$ and present a construction showing a lower
bound of $\Omega(\log_d(k)/\varepsilon)$. Our construction is probabilistic and
involves gluing together a pair of trees while maintaining high girth as well
as control on the eigenvectors and could be of independent interest.
|
math.CO cs.DM math-ph math.MP math.PR math.SP
|
we prove improved bounds on how localized an eigenvector of a high girth regular graph can be and present examples showing that these bounds are close to sharp this study was initiated by brooks and lindenstrauss 2009 who relied on the observation that certain suitably normalized averaging operators on high girth graphs are hypercontractive and can be used to approximate projectors onto the eigenspaces of such graphs informally their delocalization result in the contrapositive states that for any varepsilon in 01 and positive integer k if a d1regular graph has an eigenvector which supports varepsilon fraction of the ell_22 mass on a subset of k vertices then the graph must have a cycle of size tildeolog_dkvarepsilon2 suppressing logarithmic terms in 1varepsilon in this paper we improve the upper bound to tildeolog_dkvarepsilon and present a construction showing a lower bound of omegalog_dkvarepsilon our construction is probabilistic and involves gluing together a pair of trees while maintaining high girth as well as control on the eigenvectors and could be of independent interest
|
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|
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|
1,803.08039
|
A limit on the warm dark matter particle mass from the redshifted 21 cm
absorption line
|
The recent EDGES collaboration detection of an absorption signal at a central
frequency of $\nu = 78 \pm 1$ MHz points to the presence of a significant
Lyman-$\alpha$ background by a redshift of $z=18$. The timing of this signal
constrains the dark matter particle mass ($m_\chi$) in the warm dark matter
(WDM) cosmological model. WDM delays the formation of small-scale structures,
and therefore a stringent lower limit can be placed on $m_\chi,$ based on the
presence of a sufficiently strong Ly-$\alpha$ background due to star formation
at $z=18$. Our results show that the coupling the spin temperature to the gas
through Ly-$\alpha$ pumping requires a minimum mass of $m_\chi>3$ keV if atomic
cooling halos dominate the star formation rate at $z=18,$ and $m_\chi>2$ keV if
${\rm\,H_2}$ cooling halos also form stars efficiently at this redshift. These
limits match or exceed the most stringent limits cited to date in the
literature, even in the face of the many uncertainties regarding star-formation
at high redshift.
|
astro-ph.CO astro-ph.GA
|
the recent edges collaboration detection of an absorption signal at a central frequency of nu 78 pm 1 mhz points to the presence of a significant lymanalpha background by a redshift of z18 the timing of this signal constrains the dark matter particle mass m_chi in the warm dark matter wdm cosmological model wdm delays the formation of smallscale structures and therefore a stringent lower limit can be placed on m_chi based on the presence of a sufficiently strong lyalpha background due to star formation at z18 our results show that the coupling the spin temperature to the gas through lyalpha pumping requires a minimum mass of m_chi3 kev if atomic cooling halos dominate the star formation rate at z18 and m_chi2 kev if rmh_2 cooling halos also form stars efficiently at this redshift these limits match or exceed the most stringent limits cited to date in the literature even in the face of the many uncertainties regarding starformation at high redshift
|
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|
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|
1,803.0804
|
SI based disease model over signed network
|
Signed network is a kind of network that associates each edge a positive or
negative sign which could express friendly or unfriendly relationship between
individuals. When diseases spreading over the signed network, some unfriendly
edges may refuse to spread. Moreover, the signed network is dynamic, according
to the structure balance theory which is the most important theory in the study
of signed network, edges in the signed network will flip their signs over time.
How does disease spreading interact with signed network evolving becomes a
challenging issue. In this paper, we propose an energy function to describe the
disease spreading and network evolving together, and we introduce the notion of
Structure and Spreading Balanced. We extend the structure balance theory of
Cartwright and propose a Structure and Spreading theorem. Finally, we carry out
Monte-Carlo simulations on complete signed network to validate our theorem. In
the experiment, we find that the signed network has self-immunity during
disease spreading, which can be used explain the phenomenon of isolating the
virulent virus by isolation.
|
physics.soc-ph cs.SI
|
signed network is a kind of network that associates each edge a positive or negative sign which could express friendly or unfriendly relationship between individuals when diseases spreading over the signed network some unfriendly edges may refuse to spread moreover the signed network is dynamic according to the structure balance theory which is the most important theory in the study of signed network edges in the signed network will flip their signs over time how does disease spreading interact with signed network evolving becomes a challenging issue in this paper we propose an energy function to describe the disease spreading and network evolving together and we introduce the notion of structure and spreading balanced we extend the structure balance theory of cartwright and propose a structure and spreading theorem finally we carry out montecarlo simulations on complete signed network to validate our theorem in the experiment we find that the signed network has selfimmunity during disease spreading which can be used explain the phenomenon of isolating the virulent virus by isolation
|
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|
1,803.08041
|
Star Formation Histories of the LEGUS dwarf galaxies. II. Spatially
resolved star formation history of the Magellanic irregular NGC 4449
|
We present a detailed study of the Magellanic irregular galaxy NGC 4449 based
on both archival and new photometric data from the Legacy Extragalactic UV
Survey, obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys
and Wide Field Camera 3. Thanks to its proximity ($D=3.82\pm 0.27$ Mpc) we
reach stars 3 magnitudes fainter than the tip of the red giant branch in the
F814W filter. The recovered star formation history spans the whole Hubble time,
but due to the age-metallicity degeneracy of the red giant branch stars, it is
robust only over the lookback time reached by our photometry, i.e. $\sim 3$
Gyr. The most recent peak of star formation is around 10 Myr ago. The average
surface density star formation rate over the whole galaxy lifetime is $0.01$
M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-2}$. From our study it emerges that NGC 4449 has
experienced a fairly continuous star formation regime in the last 1 Gyr with
peaks and dips whose star formation rates differ only by a factor of a few. The
very complex and disturbed morphology of NGC 4449 makes it an interesting
galaxy for studies of the relationship between interactions and starbursts, and
our detailed and spatially resolved analysis of its star formation history does
indeed provide some hints on the connection between these two phenomena in this
peculiar dwarf galaxy.
|
astro-ph.GA
|
we present a detailed study of the magellanic irregular galaxy ngc 4449 based on both archival and new photometric data from the legacy extragalactic uv survey obtained with the hubble space telescope advanced camera for surveys and wide field camera 3 thanks to its proximity d382pm 027 mpc we reach stars 3 magnitudes fainter than the tip of the red giant branch in the f814w filter the recovered star formation history spans the whole hubble time but due to the agemetallicity degeneracy of the red giant branch stars it is robust only over the lookback time reached by our photometry ie sim 3 gyr the most recent peak of star formation is around 10 myr ago the average surface density star formation rate over the whole galaxy lifetime is 001 m_odot yr1 kpc2 from our study it emerges that ngc 4449 has experienced a fairly continuous star formation regime in the last 1 gyr with peaks and dips whose star formation rates differ only by a factor of a few the very complex and disturbed morphology of ngc 4449 makes it an interesting galaxy for studies of the relationship between interactions and starbursts and our detailed and spatially resolved analysis of its star formation history does indeed provide some hints on the connection between these two phenomena in this peculiar dwarf galaxy
|
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|
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|
1,803.08042
|
Very Massive Stars: a metallicity-dependent upper-mass limit, slow
winds, and the self-enrichment of Globular Clusters
|
One of the key questions in Astrophysics concerns the issue of whether there
exists an upper-mass limit to stars, and if so, what physical mechanism sets
this limit, which might also determine if the upper-mass limit is metallicity
(Z) dependent. We argue that mass loss by radiation-driven winds mediated by
line opacity is one of the prime candidates setting the upper-mass limit. We
present mass-loss predictions (dM/dt_wind) from Monte Carlo radiative transfer
models for relatively cool (Teff = 15kK) inflated very massive stars (VMS) with
large Eddington Gamma factors in the mass range 100-1000 Msun as a function of
metallicity down to 1/100 Z/Zsun. We employ a hydrodynamic version of our Monte
Carlo method, allowing us to predict the rate of mass loss (dM/dt_wind) and the
terminal wind velocity (vinf) simultaneously. Interestingly, we find wind
terminal velocities (vinf) that are low (100-500 km/s) over a wide Z-range, and
we propose that the slow winds from VMS are an important source of
self-enrichment in globular clusters. We also find mass-loss rates
(dM/dt_wind), exceeding the typical mass-accretion rate (dM/dt_accr) of 0.001
Msun/yr during massive-star formation. We express our mass-loss predictions as
a function of mass and Z, finding log dM/dt = -9.13 + 2.1 log(M/Msun) + 0.74
log(Z/Zsun) (Msun/yr). Even if stellar winds would not directly halt & reverse
mass accretion during star formation, if the most massive stars form by stellar
mergers stellar wind mass loss may dominate over the rate at which stellar
growth takes place. We therefore argue that the upper-mass limit is effectively
Z-dependent due to the nature of radiation-driven winds. This has dramatic
consequences for the most luminous supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, and other
black hole formation scenarios at different Cosmic epochs.
|
astro-ph.SR astro-ph.GA astro-ph.HE
|
one of the key questions in astrophysics concerns the issue of whether there exists an uppermass limit to stars and if so what physical mechanism sets this limit which might also determine if the uppermass limit is metallicity z dependent we argue that mass loss by radiationdriven winds mediated by line opacity is one of the prime candidates setting the uppermass limit we present massloss predictions dmdt_wind from monte carlo radiative transfer models for relatively cool teff 15kk inflated very massive stars vms with large eddington gamma factors in the mass range 1001000 msun as a function of metallicity down to 1100 zzsun we employ a hydrodynamic version of our monte carlo method allowing us to predict the rate of mass loss dmdt_wind and the terminal wind velocity vinf simultaneously interestingly we find wind terminal velocities vinf that are low 100500 kms over a wide zrange and we propose that the slow winds from vms are an important source of selfenrichment in globular clusters we also find massloss rates dmdt_wind exceeding the typical massaccretion rate dmdt_accr of 0001 msunyr during massivestar formation we express our massloss predictions as a function of mass and z finding log dmdt 913 21 logmmsun 074 logzzsun msunyr even if stellar winds would not directly halt reverse mass accretion during star formation if the most massive stars form by stellar mergers stellar wind mass loss may dominate over the rate at which stellar growth takes place we therefore argue that the uppermass limit is effectively zdependent due to the nature of radiationdriven winds this has dramatic consequences for the most luminous supernovae gammaray bursts and other black hole formation scenarios at different cosmic epochs
|
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|
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|
1,803.08043
|
Spectropolarimetry of Galactic stars with anomalous extinction
sightlines
|
Highly reddened type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) with low total-to-selective
visual extinction ratio values, $R_V$, also show peculiar linear polarization
wavelength dependencies with peak polarizations at short wavelengths
($\lambda_{max} \lesssim 0.4 \mu m$). It is not clear why sightlines to SNe Ia
display such different continuum polarization profiles from interstellar
sightlines in the Milky Way with similar $R_V$ values. We investigate
polarization profiles of a sample of Galactic stars with low $R_V$ values,
along anomalous extinction sightlines, with the aim to find similarities to the
polarization profiles that we observe in SN Ia sightlines. We undertook
spectropolarimetry of 14 stars, and used archival data for three additional
stars, and run dust extinction and polarization simulations to infer a simple
dust model that can reproduce the observed extinction and polarization curves.
Our sample of Galactic stars with low $R_V$ values and anomalous extinction
sightlines displays normal polarization profiles with an average $\lambda_{max}
\sim 0.53 {\mu m}$, and is consistent within 3$\sigma$ to a larger coherent
sample of Galactic stars from literature. Despite the low $R_V$ values of dust
towards the stars in our sample, the polarization curves do not show any
similarity to the continuum polarization curves observed towards SNe Ia with
low $R_V$ values. There is a correlation between the best-fit Serkowski
parameters $K$ and $\lambda_{max}$, but we did not find any significant
correlation between $R_V$ and $\lambda_{max}$. Our simulations show that the
$K-\lambda_{max}$ relationship is an intrinsic property of polarization.
Furthermore, we have shown that in order to reproduce polarization curves with
normal $\lambda_{max}$ and low $R_V$ values, a population of large (a $\geq 0.1
\mu m$) interstellar silicate grains must be contained in the dust's
composition.
|
astro-ph.GA astro-ph.SR
|
highly reddened type ia supernovae sne ia with low totaltoselective visual extinction ratio values r_v also show peculiar linear polarization wavelength dependencies with peak polarizations at short wavelengths lambda_max lesssim 04 mu m it is not clear why sightlines to sne ia display such different continuum polarization profiles from interstellar sightlines in the milky way with similar r_v values we investigate polarization profiles of a sample of galactic stars with low r_v values along anomalous extinction sightlines with the aim to find similarities to the polarization profiles that we observe in sn ia sightlines we undertook spectropolarimetry of 14 stars and used archival data for three additional stars and run dust extinction and polarization simulations to infer a simple dust model that can reproduce the observed extinction and polarization curves our sample of galactic stars with low r_v values and anomalous extinction sightlines displays normal polarization profiles with an average lambda_max sim 053 mu m and is consistent within 3sigma to a larger coherent sample of galactic stars from literature despite the low r_v values of dust towards the stars in our sample the polarization curves do not show any similarity to the continuum polarization curves observed towards sne ia with low r_v values there is a correlation between the bestfit serkowski parameters k and lambda_max but we did not find any significant correlation between r_v and lambda_max our simulations show that the klambda_max relationship is an intrinsic property of polarization furthermore we have shown that in order to reproduce polarization curves with normal lambda_max and low r_v values a population of large a geq 01 mu m interstellar silicate grains must be contained in the dusts composition
|
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|
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|
1,803.08044
|
Saturated Overburden Scattering and the Multiscatter Frontier:
Discovering Dark Matter at the Planck Mass and Beyond
|
We show that underground experiments like LUX/LZ, PandaX-II, XENON, and PICO
could discover dark matter up to the Planck mass and beyond, with new searches
for dark matter that scatters multiple times in these detectors. This opens up
significant discovery potential via re-analysis of existing and future data. We
also identify a new effect which substantially enhances experimental
sensitivity to large dark matter scattering cross-sections: while passing
through atmospheric or solid overburden, there is a maximum number of scatters
that dark matter undergoes, determined by the total number of scattering sites
it passes, such as nuclei and electrons. This extends the reach of some
published limits and future analyses to arbitrarily large dark matter
scattering cross-sections.
|
hep-ph hep-ex
|
we show that underground experiments like luxlz pandaxii xenon and pico could discover dark matter up to the planck mass and beyond with new searches for dark matter that scatters multiple times in these detectors this opens up significant discovery potential via reanalysis of existing and future data we also identify a new effect which substantially enhances experimental sensitivity to large dark matter scattering crosssections while passing through atmospheric or solid overburden there is a maximum number of scatters that dark matter undergoes determined by the total number of scattering sites it passes such as nuclei and electrons this extends the reach of some published limits and future analyses to arbitrarily large dark matter scattering crosssections
|
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|
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|
1,803.08045
|
Star-forming galaxies at low-redshift in the SHARDS survey
|
The physical processes driving the evolution of star formation (SF) in
galaxies over cosmic time still present many open questions. Recent galaxy
surveys allow now to study these processes in great detail at intermediate
redshift. In this work, we build a complete sample of star-forming galaxies and
analyze their properties, reaching systems with low stellar masses and low star
formation rates (SFRs) at intermediate-to-low redshift. We use data from the
SHARDS multiband survey in the GOODS-North field. Its depth (up to magnitude
$\langle m_{3\sigma}\rangle\sim26.5$) and its spectro-photometric resolution
($R\sim50$) provides us with an ideal dataset to search for emission line
galaxies (ELGs). We develop a new algorithm to identify low-redshift ($z$<0.36)
ELGs by detecting the [OIII]5007 and $H\alpha$ emission lines simultaneously.
We fit the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the selected sample, using a
model with two single stellar populations. We find 160 star-forming galaxies
with equivalent widths (EWs) as low as 12 {\AA}, with median values for the
sample of $\sim$ 35 {\AA} in [OIII]5007 and $\sim$ 56 {\AA} in $H\alpha$,
respectively. Results from the SED fitting show a young stellar population with
low median metallicity (36% of the solar value) and extinction ($A_V \sim$
0.37), with median galaxy stellar mass $\sim$ 10$^{8.5}$ M$_{\odot}$. Gas-phase
metallicities measured from available spectra are also low. ELGs in our sample
present bluer colors in the UVJ plane than the median color-selected
star-forming galaxy in SHARDS. We suggest a new (V-J) color criterion to
separate ELGs from non-ELGs in blue galaxy samples. In addition, several
galaxies present high densities of O-type stars. Robust fits to the full SEDs
can only be obtained including an old stellar population, suggesting the young
component is built up by a recent burst of SF in an otherwise old galaxy.
|
astro-ph.GA
|
the physical processes driving the evolution of star formation sf in galaxies over cosmic time still present many open questions recent galaxy surveys allow now to study these processes in great detail at intermediate redshift in this work we build a complete sample of starforming galaxies and analyze their properties reaching systems with low stellar masses and low star formation rates sfrs at intermediatetolow redshift we use data from the shards multiband survey in the goodsnorth field its depth up to magnitude langle m_3sigmaranglesim265 and its spectrophotometric resolution rsim50 provides us with an ideal dataset to search for emission line galaxies elgs we develop a new algorithm to identify lowredshift z036 elgs by detecting the oiii5007 and halpha emission lines simultaneously we fit the spectral energy distribution sed of the selected sample using a model with two single stellar populations we find 160 starforming galaxies with equivalent widths ews as low as 12 aa with median values for the sample of sim 35 aa in oiii5007 and sim 56 aa in halpha respectively results from the sed fitting show a young stellar population with low median metallicity 36 of the solar value and extinction a_v sim 037 with median galaxy stellar mass sim 1085 m_odot gasphase metallicities measured from available spectra are also low elgs in our sample present bluer colors in the uvj plane than the median colorselected starforming galaxy in shards we suggest a new vj color criterion to separate elgs from nonelgs in blue galaxy samples in addition several galaxies present high densities of otype stars robust fits to the full seds can only be obtained including an old stellar population suggesting the young component is built up by a recent burst of sf in an otherwise old galaxy
|
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|
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|
1,803.08046
|
Millisecond Pulsars, TeV Halos, and Implications For The Galactic Center
Gamma-Ray Excess
|
Observations by HAWC indicate that many young pulsars (including Geminga and
Monogem) are surrounded by spatially extended, multi-TeV emitting regions. It
is not currently known, however, whether TeV emission is also produced by
recycled, millisecond pulsars (MSPs). In this study, we perform a stacked
analysis of 24 MSPs within HAWC's field-of-view, finding between 2.6-3.2 sigma
evidence that these sources are, in fact, surrounded by TeV halos. The
efficiency with which these MSPs produce TeV halos is similar to that exhibited
by young pulsars. This result suggests that several dozen MSPs will ultimately
be detectable by HAWC, including many "invisible" pulsars without radio beams
oriented in our direction. The TeV halos of unresolved MSPs could also dominate
the TeV-scale diffuse emission observed at high galactic latitudes. We also
discuss the possibility that TeV and radio observations could be used to
constrain the population of MSPs that is present in the inner Milky Way,
thereby providing us with a new way to test the hypothesis that MSPs are
responsible for the Galactic Center GeV excess.
|
astro-ph.HE astro-ph.CO hep-ph
|
observations by hawc indicate that many young pulsars including geminga and monogem are surrounded by spatially extended multitev emitting regions it is not currently known however whether tev emission is also produced by recycled millisecond pulsars msps in this study we perform a stacked analysis of 24 msps within hawcs fieldofview finding between 2632 sigma evidence that these sources are in fact surrounded by tev halos the efficiency with which these msps produce tev halos is similar to that exhibited by young pulsars this result suggests that several dozen msps will ultimately be detectable by hawc including many invisible pulsars without radio beams oriented in our direction the tev halos of unresolved msps could also dominate the tevscale diffuse emission observed at high galactic latitudes we also discuss the possibility that tev and radio observations could be used to constrain the population of msps that is present in the inner milky way thereby providing us with a new way to test the hypothesis that msps are responsible for the galactic center gev excess
|
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|
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|
1,803.08047
|
Gravitational waves from asymmetric oscillon dynamics?
|
It has been recently suggested that oscillons produced in the early universe from certain asymmetric potentials continue to emit gravitational waves for a number of $e$-folds of expansion after their formation, leading to potentially detectable gravitational wave signals. We revisit this claim by conducting a convergence study using graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated lattice simulations and show that numerical errors accumulated with time are significant in low-resolution scenarios, or in scenarios where the run-time causes the resolution to drop below the relevant scales in the problem. Our study determines that the dominant, growing high frequency peak of the gravitational wave signals in the fiducial "hill-top model" in [arXiv:1607.01314] is a numerical artifact. This finding prompts the need for a more careful analysis of the numerical validity of other similar results related to gravitational waves from oscillon dynamics.
|
astro-ph.CO
|
it has been recently suggested that oscillons produced in the early universe from certain asymmetric potentials continue to emit gravitational waves for a number of efolds of expansion after their formation leading to potentially detectable gravitational wave signals we revisit this claim by conducting a convergence study using graphics processing unit gpuaccelerated lattice simulations and show that numerical errors accumulated with time are significant in lowresolution scenarios or in scenarios where the runtime causes the resolution to drop below the relevant scales in the problem our study determines that the dominant growing high frequency peak of the gravitational wave signals in the fiducial hilltop model in arxiv160701314 is a numerical artifact this finding prompts the need for a more careful analysis of the numerical validity of other similar results related to gravitational waves from oscillon dynamics
|
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|
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|
1,803.08048
|
Hidden in plain sight: a massive, dusty starburst in a galaxy
protocluster at z=5.7 in the COSMOS field
|
We report the serendipitous discovery of a dusty, starbursting galaxy at
$z=5.667$ (hereafter called CRLE) in close physical association with the
"normal" main-sequence galaxy HZ10 at $z=5.654$. CRLE was identified by
detection of [CII], [NII] and CO(2-1) line emission, making it the highest
redshift, most luminous starburst in the COSMOS field. This massive, dusty
galaxy appears to be forming stars at a rate of at least 1500$\,M_\odot$
yr$^{-1}$ in a compact region only $\sim3$ kpc in diameter. The dynamical and
dust emission properties of CRLE suggest an ongoing merger driving the
starburst, in a potentially intermediate stage relative to other known dusty
galaxies at the same epoch. The ratio of [CII] to [NII] may suggest that an
important ($\sim15\%$) contribution to the [CII] emission comes from a diffuse
ionized gas component, which could be more extended than the dense,
starbursting gas. CRLE appears to be located in a significant galaxy
overdensity at the same redshift, potentially associated with a large-scale
cosmic structure recently identified in a Lyman Alpha Emitter survey. This
overdensity suggests that CRLE and HZ10 reside in a protocluster environment,
offering the tantalizing opportunity to study the effect of a massive starburst
on protocluster star formation. Our findings support the interpretation that a
significant fraction of the earliest galaxy formation may occur from the inside
out, within the central regions of the most massive halos, while rapidly
evolving into the massive galaxy clusters observed in the local Universe.
|
astro-ph.GA astro-ph.CO
|
we report the serendipitous discovery of a dusty starbursting galaxy at z5667 hereafter called crle in close physical association with the normal mainsequence galaxy hz10 at z5654 crle was identified by detection of cii nii and co21 line emission making it the highest redshift most luminous starburst in the cosmos field this massive dusty galaxy appears to be forming stars at a rate of at least 1500m_odot yr1 in a compact region only sim3 kpc in diameter the dynamical and dust emission properties of crle suggest an ongoing merger driving the starburst in a potentially intermediate stage relative to other known dusty galaxies at the same epoch the ratio of cii to nii may suggest that an important sim15 contribution to the cii emission comes from a diffuse ionized gas component which could be more extended than the dense starbursting gas crle appears to be located in a significant galaxy overdensity at the same redshift potentially associated with a largescale cosmic structure recently identified in a lyman alpha emitter survey this overdensity suggests that crle and hz10 reside in a protocluster environment offering the tantalizing opportunity to study the effect of a massive starburst on protocluster star formation our findings support the interpretation that a significant fraction of the earliest galaxy formation may occur from the inside out within the central regions of the most massive halos while rapidly evolving into the massive galaxy clusters observed in the local universe
|
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|
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|
1,803.08049
|
BCG Mass Evolution in Cosmological Hydro-Simulations
|
We analyze the stellar growth of Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs) produced
by cosmological zoom-in hydrodynamical simulations of the formation of massive
galaxy clusters. The evolution of the stellar mass content is studied
considering different apertures, and tracking backwards either the main
progenitor of the $z=0$ BCG or that of the cluster hosting the BCG at $z=0$.
Both methods lead to similar results up to $z \simeq 1.5$. The simulated BCGs
masses at $z=0$ are in agreement with recent observations. In the redshift
interval from $z=1$ to $z=0$ we find growth factors 1.3, 1.6 and 3.6 for
stellar masses within 30kpc, 50kpc and 10% of $R_{500}$ respectively. The first
two factors, and in general the mass evolution in this redshift range, are in
agreement with most recent observations. The last larger factor is similar to
the growth factor obtained by a semi-analytical model (SAM). Half of the star
particles that end up in the inner 50 kpc was typically formed by redshift
$\sim$ 3.7, while the assembly of half of the BCGs stellar mass occurs on
average at lower redshifts $\sim 1.5$. This assembly redshift correlates with
the mass attained by the cluster at high $z \gtrsim 1.3$, due to the broader
range of the progenitor clusters at high-$z$. The assembly redshift of BCGs
decreases with increasing apertures. Our results are compatible with the {\it
inside-out} scenario. Simulated BCGs could lack intense enough star formation
(SF) at high redshift, while possibly exhibit an excess of residual SF at low
redshift.
|
astro-ph.GA
|
we analyze the stellar growth of brightest cluster galaxies bcgs produced by cosmological zoomin hydrodynamical simulations of the formation of massive galaxy clusters the evolution of the stellar mass content is studied considering different apertures and tracking backwards either the main progenitor of the z0 bcg or that of the cluster hosting the bcg at z0 both methods lead to similar results up to z simeq 15 the simulated bcgs masses at z0 are in agreement with recent observations in the redshift interval from z1 to z0 we find growth factors 13 16 and 36 for stellar masses within 30kpc 50kpc and 10 of r_500 respectively the first two factors and in general the mass evolution in this redshift range are in agreement with most recent observations the last larger factor is similar to the growth factor obtained by a semianalytical model sam half of the star particles that end up in the inner 50 kpc was typically formed by redshift sim 37 while the assembly of half of the bcgs stellar mass occurs on average at lower redshifts sim 15 this assembly redshift correlates with the mass attained by the cluster at high z gtrsim 13 due to the broader range of the progenitor clusters at highz the assembly redshift of bcgs decreases with increasing apertures our results are compatible with the it insideout scenario simulated bcgs could lack intense enough star formation sf at high redshift while possibly exhibit an excess of residual sf at low redshift
|
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|
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|
1,803.0805
|
Onset of Random Matrix Behavior in Scrambling Systems
|
The fine grained energy spectrum of quantum chaotic systems is widely
believed to be described by random matrix statistics. A basic scale in such a
system is the energy range over which this behavior persists. We define the
corresponding time scale by the time at which the linearly growing ramp region
in the spectral form factor begins. We call this time $t_{\rm ramp}$. The
purpose of this paper is to study this scale in many-body quantum systems that
display strong chaos, sometimes called scrambling systems. We focus on randomly
coupled qubit systems, both local and $k$-local (all-to-all interactions) and
the Sachdev--Ye--Kitaev (SYK) model. Using numerical results for Hamiltonian
systems and analytic estimates for random quantum circuits we find the
following results. For geometrically local systems with a conservation law we
find $t_{\rm ramp}$ is determined by the diffusion time across the system,
order $N^2$ for a 1D chain of $N$ qubits. This is analogous to the behavior
found for local one-body chaotic systems. For a $k$-local system with
conservation law the time is order $\log N$ but with a different prefactor and
a different mechanism than the scrambling time. In the absence of any
conservation laws, as in a generic random quantum circuit, we find $t_{\rm
ramp} \sim \log N$, independent of connectivity.
|
hep-th cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.str-el nlin.CD quant-ph
|
the fine grained energy spectrum of quantum chaotic systems is widely believed to be described by random matrix statistics a basic scale in such a system is the energy range over which this behavior persists we define the corresponding time scale by the time at which the linearly growing ramp region in the spectral form factor begins we call this time t_rm ramp the purpose of this paper is to study this scale in manybody quantum systems that display strong chaos sometimes called scrambling systems we focus on randomly coupled qubit systems both local and klocal alltoall interactions and the sachdevyekitaev syk model using numerical results for hamiltonian systems and analytic estimates for random quantum circuits we find the following results for geometrically local systems with a conservation law we find t_rm ramp is determined by the diffusion time across the system order n2 for a 1d chain of n qubits this is analogous to the behavior found for local onebody chaotic systems for a klocal system with conservation law the time is order log n but with a different prefactor and a different mechanism than the scrambling time in the absence of any conservation laws as in a generic random quantum circuit we find t_rm ramp sim log n independent of connectivity
|
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|
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|
1,803.08051
|
Magnetic Field Transfer From A Hidden Sector
|
Primordial magnetic fields in the dark sector can be transferred to magnetic
fields in the visible sector due to a gauge kinetic mixing term. We show that
the transfer occurs when the evolution of magnetic fields is dominated by
dissipation due to finite electric conductivity, and does not occur at later
times if the magnetic fields evolve according to magnetohydrodynamics scaling
laws. The efficiency of the transfer is suppressed by not only the gauge
kinetic mixing coupling but also the ratio between the large electric
conductivity and the typical momentum of the magnetic fields. We find that the
transfer gives nonzero visible magnetic fields today. However, without possible
dynamo amplifications, the field transfer is not efficient enough to obtain the
intergalactic magnetic fields suggested by the gamma-ray observations, although
there are plenty of possibilities for efficient dark magnetogenesis, which are
experimentally unconstrained.
|
hep-ph astro-ph.CO
|
primordial magnetic fields in the dark sector can be transferred to magnetic fields in the visible sector due to a gauge kinetic mixing term we show that the transfer occurs when the evolution of magnetic fields is dominated by dissipation due to finite electric conductivity and does not occur at later times if the magnetic fields evolve according to magnetohydrodynamics scaling laws the efficiency of the transfer is suppressed by not only the gauge kinetic mixing coupling but also the ratio between the large electric conductivity and the typical momentum of the magnetic fields we find that the transfer gives nonzero visible magnetic fields today however without possible dynamo amplifications the field transfer is not efficient enough to obtain the intergalactic magnetic fields suggested by the gammaray observations although there are plenty of possibilities for efficient dark magnetogenesis which are experimentally unconstrained
|
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|
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|
1,803.08052
|
$K\to\pi\pi$ and $K-\pi$ Matrix Elements of the Chromomagnetic Operators
from Dual QCD
|
We perform for the first time a direct calculation of on-shell $K\to\pi\pi$
hadronic matrix elements of chromomagnetic operators (CMO) in the Standard
Model and beyond. To his end, we use the successful Dual QCD (DQCD) approach in
which we also consider off-shell $K-\pi$ matrix elements that allows the
comparison with lattice QCD calculations of these matrix elements presented
recently by the ETM collaboration. Working in the SU(3) chiral limit, we find
for the single $B$ parameter $B_{\rm CMO}=0.33$. Using the numerical results
provided by the ETM collaboration we argue that only small corrections beyond
that limit are to be expected. Our results are relevant for new physics
scenarios in the context of the emerging $\epsilon^\prime/\epsilon$ anomaly
strongly indicated within DQCD and supported by RBC-UKQCD lattice
collaboration.
|
hep-ph hep-ex hep-lat
|
we perform for the first time a direct calculation of onshell ktopipi hadronic matrix elements of chromomagnetic operators cmo in the standard model and beyond to his end we use the successful dual qcd dqcd approach in which we also consider offshell kpi matrix elements that allows the comparison with lattice qcd calculations of these matrix elements presented recently by the etm collaboration working in the su3 chiral limit we find for the single b parameter b_rm cmo033 using the numerical results provided by the etm collaboration we argue that only small corrections beyond that limit are to be expected our results are relevant for new physics scenarios in the context of the emerging epsilonprimeepsilon anomaly strongly indicated within dqcd and supported by rbcukqcd lattice collaboration
|
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|
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|
1,803.08053
|
Sub-photospheric fluctuations in magnetized radiative envelopes:
contribution from unstable magnetosonic waves
|
We examine the excitation of unstable magnetosonic waves in the radiative
envelopes of intermediate- and high-mass stars with a magnetic field of ~kG
strength. Wind clumping close to the star and microturbulence can often be
accounted for when including small-scale, sub-photospheric density or velocity
perturbations. Compressional waves - with wavelengths comparable to or shorter
than the gas pressure scale height - can be destabilized by the radiative flux
in optically-thick media when a magnetic field is present, in a process called
the Radiation-Driven Magneto-Acoustic Instability (RMI). The instability does
not require radiation or magnetic pressure to dominate over gas pressure, and
acts independently of sub-surface convection zones. Here we evaluate the
conditions for the RMI to operate on a grid of stellar models covering a mass
range $3-40M_\odot$ at solar metallicity. For a uniform 1kG magnetic field,
fast magnetosonic modes are unstable down to an optical depth of a few tens,
while unstable slow modes extend beyond the depth of the iron convection zone.
The qualitative behavior is robust to magnetic field strength variations by a
factor of a few. When combining our findings with previous results for the
saturation amplitude of the RMI, we predict velocity fluctuations in the range
~0.1-10 km/s. These amplitudes are a monotonically increasing function of the
ratio of radiation to gas pressure, or alternatively, of the zero-age main
sequence mass.
|
astro-ph.SR astro-ph.HE
|
we examine the excitation of unstable magnetosonic waves in the radiative envelopes of intermediate and highmass stars with a magnetic field of kg strength wind clumping close to the star and microturbulence can often be accounted for when including smallscale subphotospheric density or velocity perturbations compressional waves with wavelengths comparable to or shorter than the gas pressure scale height can be destabilized by the radiative flux in opticallythick media when a magnetic field is present in a process called the radiationdriven magnetoacoustic instability rmi the instability does not require radiation or magnetic pressure to dominate over gas pressure and acts independently of subsurface convection zones here we evaluate the conditions for the rmi to operate on a grid of stellar models covering a mass range 340m_odot at solar metallicity for a uniform 1kg magnetic field fast magnetosonic modes are unstable down to an optical depth of a few tens while unstable slow modes extend beyond the depth of the iron convection zone the qualitative behavior is robust to magnetic field strength variations by a factor of a few when combining our findings with previous results for the saturation amplitude of the rmi we predict velocity fluctuations in the range 0110 kms these amplitudes are a monotonically increasing function of the ratio of radiation to gas pressure or alternatively of the zeroage main sequence mass
|
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|
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|
1,803.08054
|
Bad metallic transport in a modified Hubbard model
|
Strongly correlated metals often display anomalous transport, including
$T$-linear resistivity above the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit. We introduce a
tractable microscopic model for such bad metals, by supplementing the
well-known Hubbard model --- with hopping $t$ and on-site repulsion $U$ ---
with a `screened Coulomb' interaction between charge densities that decays
exponentially with spatial separation. This interaction entirely lifts the
extensive degeneracy in the spectrum of the $t=0$ Hubbard model, allowing us to
fully characterize the small $t$ electric, thermal and thermoelectric transport
in our strongly correlated model. Throughout the phase diagram we observe
$T$-linear resistivity above the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit, together with strong
violation of the Weidemann-Franz law and a large thermopower that can undergo
sign change. At intermediate temperatures $t \ll k_B T \lesssim U$, the
approximate $T$-linear resistivity arises from a cancellation between the
nontrivial temperature dependence of both diffusivities and thermodynamic
susceptibilities, as observed in recent transport experiments on cold atomic
gases.
|
cond-mat.str-el
|
strongly correlated metals often display anomalous transport including tlinear resistivity above the mottiofferegel limit we introduce a tractable microscopic model for such bad metals by supplementing the wellknown hubbard model with hopping t and onsite repulsion u with a screened coulomb interaction between charge densities that decays exponentially with spatial separation this interaction entirely lifts the extensive degeneracy in the spectrum of the t0 hubbard model allowing us to fully characterize the small t electric thermal and thermoelectric transport in our strongly correlated model throughout the phase diagram we observe tlinear resistivity above the mottiofferegel limit together with strong violation of the weidemannfranz law and a large thermopower that can undergo sign change at intermediate temperatures t ll k_b t lesssim u the approximate tlinear resistivity arises from a cancellation between the nontrivial temperature dependence of both diffusivities and thermodynamic susceptibilities as observed in recent transport experiments on cold atomic gases
|
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|
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|
1,803.08055
|
A quartet of black holes and a missing duo: probing the low-end of the
Mbh - sigma relation with the adaptive optics assisted integral-field
spectroscopy
|
We present mass estimates of supermassive black holes in six nearby fast
rotating early-type galaxies (NGC4339, NGC4434, NGC4474, NGC4551, NGC4578 and
NGC4762) with effective stellar velocity dispersion around 100 km/s. We use
near-infrared laser-guide adaptive optics observations with the GEMINI/NIFS to
derive stellar kinematics in the galactic nuclei, and SAURON observations from
the ATLAS3D Survey for large-scale kinematics. We build axisymmetric Jeans
anisotropic models and axisymmetric Schwarzschild dynamical models. Both
modelling approaches recover consistent orbital anisotropies and black hole
masses within 1-2sigma confidence level, except for one galaxy for which the
difference is just above the 3sigma level. Two black holes (NGC4339 and
NGC4434) are amongst the largest outliers from the current black hole mass -
velocity dispersion relation, with masses of $(4.3^{+4.8}_{-2.3})\times10^7$
and $(7.0^{+2.0}_{-2.8})\times10^7$ M$_\odot$, respectively ($3\sigma$
confidence level). The black holes in NGC4578 and NGC4762 lie on the scaling
relation with masses of $(1.9^{+0.6}_{-1.4})\times10^7$ and
$(2.3^{+0.9}_{-0.6})\times10^7$ M$_\odot$, respectively (3sigma confidence
level). For two galaxies (NGC4474 and NGC4551) we are able to place upper
limits on their black holes masses ($<7\times10^6$ and $<5\times10^6$
M$_\odot$, respectively, $3\sigma$ confidence level). The kinematics for these
galaxies clearly indicate central velocity dispersion drops within a radius of
35 pc and 80 pc, respectively. These drops cannot be associated with cold
stellar structures and our data do not have the resolution to exclude black
holes with masses an order of magnitude smaller than the predictions.
Parametrizing the orbital distribution in spherical coordinates, the vicinity
of the black holes is characterized by isotropic or mildly tangential
anisotropy.
|
astro-ph.GA
|
we present mass estimates of supermassive black holes in six nearby fast rotating earlytype galaxies ngc4339 ngc4434 ngc4474 ngc4551 ngc4578 and ngc4762 with effective stellar velocity dispersion around 100 kms we use nearinfrared laserguide adaptive optics observations with the gemininifs to derive stellar kinematics in the galactic nuclei and sauron observations from the atlas3d survey for largescale kinematics we build axisymmetric jeans anisotropic models and axisymmetric schwarzschild dynamical models both modelling approaches recover consistent orbital anisotropies and black hole masses within 12sigma confidence level except for one galaxy for which the difference is just above the 3sigma level two black holes ngc4339 and ngc4434 are amongst the largest outliers from the current black hole mass velocity dispersion relation with masses of 4348_23times107 and 7020_28times107 m_odot respectively 3sigma confidence level the black holes in ngc4578 and ngc4762 lie on the scaling relation with masses of 1906_14times107 and 2309_06times107 m_odot respectively 3sigma confidence level for two galaxies ngc4474 and ngc4551 we are able to place upper limits on their black holes masses 7times106 and 5times106 m_odot respectively 3sigma confidence level the kinematics for these galaxies clearly indicate central velocity dispersion drops within a radius of 35 pc and 80 pc respectively these drops cannot be associated with cold stellar structures and our data do not have the resolution to exclude black holes with masses an order of magnitude smaller than the predictions parametrizing the orbital distribution in spherical coordinates the vicinity of the black holes is characterized by isotropic or mildly tangential anisotropy
|
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|
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|
1,803.08056
|
Structural and Dynamical Properties of Galaxies in a Hierarchical
Universe: Sizes and Specific Angular Momenta
|
We use a state-of-the-art semi-analytic model to study the size and the
specific angular momentum of galaxies. Our model includes a specific treatment
for the angular momentum exchange between different galactic components. Disk
scale radii are estimated from the angular momentum of the gaseous/stellar
disk, while bulge sizes are estimated assuming energy conservation. The
predicted size--mass and angular momentum--mass relations are in fair agreement
with observational measurements in the local Universe, provided a treatment for
gas dissipation during major mergers is included. Our treatment for disk
instability leads to unrealistically small radii of bulges formed through this
channel, and predicts an offset between the size--mass relations of central and
satellite early-type galaxies, that is not observed. The model reproduces the
observed dependence of the size--mass relation on morphology, and predicts a
strong correlation between specific angular momentum and cold gas content. This
correlation is a natural consequence of galaxy evolution: gas-rich galaxies
reside in smaller halos, and form stars gradually until present day, while
gas-poor ones reside in massive halos, that formed most of their stars at early
epochs, when the angular momentum of their parent halos is low. The dynamical
and structural properties of galaxies can be strongly affected by a different
treatment for stellar feedback, as this would modify their star formation
history. A higher angular momentum for gas accreted through rapid mode does not
affect significantly the properties of massive galaxies today, but has a more
important effect on low-mass galaxies at higher redshift.
|
astro-ph.GA
|
we use a stateoftheart semianalytic model to study the size and the specific angular momentum of galaxies our model includes a specific treatment for the angular momentum exchange between different galactic components disk scale radii are estimated from the angular momentum of the gaseousstellar disk while bulge sizes are estimated assuming energy conservation the predicted sizemass and angular momentummass relations are in fair agreement with observational measurements in the local universe provided a treatment for gas dissipation during major mergers is included our treatment for disk instability leads to unrealistically small radii of bulges formed through this channel and predicts an offset between the sizemass relations of central and satellite earlytype galaxies that is not observed the model reproduces the observed dependence of the sizemass relation on morphology and predicts a strong correlation between specific angular momentum and cold gas content this correlation is a natural consequence of galaxy evolution gasrich galaxies reside in smaller halos and form stars gradually until present day while gaspoor ones reside in massive halos that formed most of their stars at early epochs when the angular momentum of their parent halos is low the dynamical and structural properties of galaxies can be strongly affected by a different treatment for stellar feedback as this would modify their star formation history a higher angular momentum for gas accreted through rapid mode does not affect significantly the properties of massive galaxies today but has a more important effect on lowmass galaxies at higher redshift
|
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|
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|
1,803.08057
|
Topological Superconductivity in Twisted Multilayer Graphene
|
We study a minimal Hubbard model for electronically driven superconductivity
in a correlated flat mini-band resulting from the superlattice modulation of a
twisted graphene multilayer. The valley degree of freedom drastically modifies
the nature of thepreferred pairing states, favoring spin triplet $d+id$ order
with a valley singlet structure. We identify two candidates in this class,
which are both topological superconductors. These states support half-vortices
carrying half the usual superconducting flux quantum $hc/(4e)$, and have
topologically protected gapless edge states.
|
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con
|
we study a minimal hubbard model for electronically driven superconductivity in a correlated flat miniband resulting from the superlattice modulation of a twisted graphene multilayer the valley degree of freedom drastically modifies the nature of thepreferred pairing states favoring spin triplet did order with a valley singlet structure we identify two candidates in this class which are both topological superconductors these states support halfvortices carrying half the usual superconducting flux quantum hc4e and have topologically protected gapless edge states
|
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|
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|
1,803.08058
|
Short-lived modes from hydrodynamic dispersion relations
|
We consider the dispersion relation of the shear-diffusion mode in
relativistic hydrodynamics, which we generate to high order as a series in
spatial momentum q for a holographic model. We demonstrate that the
hydrodynamic series can be summed in a way that extends through branch cuts
present in the complex q plane, resulting in the accurate description of
multiple sheets. Each additional sheet corresponds to the dispersion relation
of a different non-hydrodynamic mode. As an example we extract the frequencies
of a pair of oscillatory non-hydrodynamic black hole quasinormal modes from the
hydrodynamic series. The analytic structure of this model points to the
possibility that the complete spectrum of gravitational quasinormal modes may
be accessible from the hydrodynamic derivative expansion.
|
hep-th gr-qc nucl-th
|
we consider the dispersion relation of the sheardiffusion mode in relativistic hydrodynamics which we generate to high order as a series in spatial momentum q for a holographic model we demonstrate that the hydrodynamic series can be summed in a way that extends through branch cuts present in the complex q plane resulting in the accurate description of multiple sheets each additional sheet corresponds to the dispersion relation of a different nonhydrodynamic mode as an example we extract the frequencies of a pair of oscillatory nonhydrodynamic black hole quasinormal modes from the hydrodynamic series the analytic structure of this model points to the possibility that the complete spectrum of gravitational quasinormal modes may be accessible from the hydrodynamic derivative expansion
|
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|
[-0.18062983821889683, 0.10279846976879503, -0.15758384024125657, 0.06832878693973474, -0.10442212264116134, -0.05199389184332069, 0.004977397258714342, 0.3178899494711967, -0.2606481690436187, -0.24448884922635405, 0.01617860229697642, -0.278538234062305, -0.13379486891668008, 0.1924818907707867, 0.042549126374558745, 0.025080621951287064, 0.03746989212084968, 0.026613373955038665, -0.049894144780104274, -0.14465971868641736, 0.31871010238664743, 0.04006930021177821, 0.25579845506948334, -0.028744026376795368, 0.07855083702030365, -0.004005608321050135, -0.008116878733477172, 0.025631128027722116, -0.1450561071665221, 0.08468903369121566, 0.23836418085520258, 0.049164831707794066, 0.22126736593855342, -0.4170797624382652, -0.20997527487450787, 0.036970270821089, 0.21551951524965904, 0.17401110280027315, -0.0014150794517217564, -0.20093807578086853, 0.05641309983300499, -0.22814683900253863, -0.16060778781176865, -0.08459809521103606, 0.024792191075521105, -0.015068559690687744, -0.2716631097156562, 0.14096998456599458, 0.04478544553647898, 0.00873276309165008, -0.05951498478588437, -0.03044257786109292, -0.06450053745051142, 0.11321141323106003, 0.06634391902088962, 0.00800091479787556, 0.0922018920752306, -0.14539074156767914, -0.09361576557378559, 0.3891054854861328, -0.1116605612239996, -0.19337095584947334, 0.18508392646752236, -0.23375058297787896, -0.08045397291914756, 0.14151020677243406, 0.20126921571634648, 0.13525280045803262, -0.12920744516818292, 0.06633804925177403, -0.018279038674878973, 0.15206979479867683, 0.10149649364732895, 0.03119167296935906, 0.30755055294286054, 0.1152520468722669, -0.021429311296268672, 0.16692932515635991, -0.0748349655059581, -0.03658824101747835, -0.36543139897946253, -0.14896352136859323, -0.16550105937586376, 0.035279828965069114, -0.12324013451149515, -0.18794278484307417, 0.43040184986566293, 0.12447379505508305, 0.24422474546717995, 0.02942796193255002, 0.28173195633317244, 0.15704949380939498, 0.051272022952677826, 0.06267209145477229, 0.2714545622765392, 0.11272464394412872, 0.09142097866381793, -0.2610809697237398, -0.0800731967852897, 0.09239219366611928]
|
1,803.08059
|
On the off-shell formulation of N=2 supergravity with tensor multiplets
|
We revisit the construction of N=2 superconformal multiplets using rheonomic
superspace techniques. We apply the result to the derivation of off-shell
Poincar\'e supersymmetric models where a tensor multiplet couples to gravity
and to an arbitrary number of vector multiplets. We also analyze gaugings
involving the tensor field.
|
hep-th
|
we revisit the construction of n2 superconformal multiplets using rheonomic superspace techniques we apply the result to the derivation of offshell poincare supersymmetric models where a tensor multiplet couples to gravity and to an arbitrary number of vector multiplets we also analyze gaugings involving the tensor field
|
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|
[-0.11584513360991124, 0.168921166434302, -0.022549365290460435, 0.07756096806297912, -0.15938467584907057, -0.1496846530328881, -0.10062043276922579, 0.3056600973247848, -0.13105192033455093, -0.2629460979035085, 0.06169008542387251, -0.24842943062886913, -0.19862136311155368, 0.015074180201330084, -0.03307079922090819, -0.0037686425320645595, -0.05169163477864671, 0.07268265852744275, -0.1225343387019127, -0.2629405518082228, 0.36377284659984266, -0.03481652983959685, 0.206391887224101, 0.01036511833204868, 0.14042098987649412, 0.07977650367080215, -0.01868563545669647, -0.055361068866988446, -0.11448119660997962, 0.20765107063120825, 0.21875939548780035, 0.156184944779949, 0.05183605084869456, -0.47410576529008275, -0.16728701140729096, 0.1143686770104823, 0.17687162748993712, 0.19734449492410777, 0.05572541083823493, -0.2510329804363403, 0.022976607460766397, -0.20123477502072112, -0.17832104124604387, -0.1792381185483425, -0.003827901723041655, -0.19141754702209157, -0.3185944654681581, 0.05759659127587393, -0.0040152631303731435, 0.05167805855261519, -0.12262292996920804, -0.11461978647956982, -0.1086722103522179, 0.0056999536389683155, 0.16059341917725953, 0.034892299044084675, 0.1309222386198792, -0.20872834708264215, -0.18531018531227367, 0.3365607787557739, -0.14111908695640715, -0.28762528224986916, 0.11617430623501857, -0.08044686081244591, -0.23763476030782182, 0.020047949825195557, 0.1745824887952272, 0.22783827405185142, -0.09391157956239074, 0.24904193411992387, -0.041338074516425745, 0.12384498123317322, 0.08783054631203413, 0.017638480152062912, 0.1758467315280057, 0.03362435248105767, 0.019381653656192283, 0.17078562713961334, -0.01108688916614715, -0.07538881292566657, -0.4705800433108147, -0.21759031836421505, -0.09499134767325, 0.10515709623615159, -0.12137967331224725, -0.12186050355592941, 0.4164501126617827, 0.1453523485267416, 0.13272917883203147, 0.11065996765218516, 0.19826339930295944, 0.09411940329331667, 0.11442464718872562, 0.022287325091422238, 0.26410471159776555, 0.32047238058232247, 0.05087533364805611, -0.22611207732722718, -0.2872467075791606, 0.23658542319181117]
|
1,803.0806
|
The Penrose process, superradiance and ergoregion instabilities
|
Superradiant scattering is a radiation enhancement process that takes place
in many contexts, and which has recently found exciting applications in astro
and particle physics. In the framework of curved spacetime physics, it has been
associated with the classical Penrose process for particles. Superradiance is
usually also associated with bosonic fields around geometries with ergoregions
and horizons. These notions are in clear tension however: the Penrose process
occurs for horizonless geometries, and particles are composed of fermions.
Here, we resolve the tension in its different aspects, by showing that (i)
superradiance occurs for self-interacting fermions on flat spacetime; (ii)
superradiance occurs also for horizonless geometries, where it leads to an
ergoregion instability. Ultracompact, horizonless geometries will usually
respond with echoes of growing amplitude, until rotational (or electrostatic)
energy is extracted from the object; (iii) the Fourier-domain analysis leads to
absence of superradiance when horizons are not present. We elucidate why this
analysis fails to give meaningful results; (iv) finally, we show that
superradiant, ergoregion instabilities have a particle analog of similar growth
timescales and which can power the formation of a structure outside a compact,
rotating star.
|
gr-qc astro-ph.HE hep-ph hep-th
|
superradiant scattering is a radiation enhancement process that takes place in many contexts and which has recently found exciting applications in astro and particle physics in the framework of curved spacetime physics it has been associated with the classical penrose process for particles superradiance is usually also associated with bosonic fields around geometries with ergoregions and horizons these notions are in clear tension however the penrose process occurs for horizonless geometries and particles are composed of fermions here we resolve the tension in its different aspects by showing that i superradiance occurs for selfinteracting fermions on flat spacetime ii superradiance occurs also for horizonless geometries where it leads to an ergoregion instability ultracompact horizonless geometries will usually respond with echoes of growing amplitude until rotational or electrostatic energy is extracted from the object iii the fourierdomain analysis leads to absence of superradiance when horizons are not present we elucidate why this analysis fails to give meaningful results iv finally we show that superradiant ergoregion instabilities have a particle analog of similar growth timescales and which can power the formation of a structure outside a compact rotating star
|
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|
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|
1,803.08061
|
Resolution Convergence in Cosmological Hydrodynamical Simulations Using
Adaptive Mesh Refinement
|
We have explored the evolution of gas distributions from cosmological
simulations carried out using the RAMSES adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) code,
to explore the effects of resolution on cosmological hydrodynamical
simulations. It is vital to understand the effect of both the resolution of
initial conditions and the final resolution of the simulation. Lower initial
resolution simulations tend to produce smaller numbers of low mass structures.
This will strongly affect the assembly history of objects, and has the same
effect of simulating different cosmologies. The resolution of initial
conditions is an important factor in simulations, even with a fixed maximum
spatial resolution. The power spectrum of gas in simulations using AMR diverges
strongly from the fixed grid approach - with more power on small scales in the
AMR simulations - even at fixed physical resolution and also produces offsets
in the star formation at specific epochs. This is because before certain times
the upper grid levels are held back to maintain approximately fixed physical
resolution, and to mimic the natural evolution of dark matter only simulations.
Although the impact of hold back falls with increasing spatial and
initial-condition resolutions, the offsets in the star formation remain down to
a spatial resolution of 1 kpc. These offsets are of order of 10-20%, which is
below the uncertainty in the implemented physics but are expected to affect the
detailed properties of galaxies. We have implemented a new grid-hold-back
approach to minimize the impact of hold back on the star formation rate.
|
astro-ph.CO
|
we have explored the evolution of gas distributions from cosmological simulations carried out using the ramses adaptive mesh refinement amr code to explore the effects of resolution on cosmological hydrodynamical simulations it is vital to understand the effect of both the resolution of initial conditions and the final resolution of the simulation lower initial resolution simulations tend to produce smaller numbers of low mass structures this will strongly affect the assembly history of objects and has the same effect of simulating different cosmologies the resolution of initial conditions is an important factor in simulations even with a fixed maximum spatial resolution the power spectrum of gas in simulations using amr diverges strongly from the fixed grid approach with more power on small scales in the amr simulations even at fixed physical resolution and also produces offsets in the star formation at specific epochs this is because before certain times the upper grid levels are held back to maintain approximately fixed physical resolution and to mimic the natural evolution of dark matter only simulations although the impact of hold back falls with increasing spatial and initialcondition resolutions the offsets in the star formation remain down to a spatial resolution of 1 kpc these offsets are of order of 1020 which is below the uncertainty in the implemented physics but are expected to affect the detailed properties of galaxies we have implemented a new gridholdback approach to minimize the impact of hold back on the star formation rate
|
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|
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|
1,803.08062
|
Cannibal Dark Matter and Large Scale Structure
|
Cannibals are dark matter particles with a scattering process that allows
three particles to annihilate to two. This exothermic process keeps the gas of
the remaining particles warm long after they become non-relativistic. A
cannibalizing dark sector which is decoupled from the Standard Model naturally
arises from a pure-glue confining hidden sector. It has an effective field
theory description with a single massive interacting real scalar field, the
lightest glueball. Since warm dark matter strongly suppresses growth of
structure cannibals cannot be all of the dark matter. Thus we propose a
scenario where most dark matter is non-interacting and cold but about 1 percent
is cannibalistic. We review the cannibals' unusual scaling of the temperature
and energy and number densities with redshift and generalize the equations for
the growth of matter density perturbations to the case of cannibals. We solve
the equations numerically to predict the scaling of the Hubble parameter and
the characteristic shape of the linear matter power spectrum as a function of
model parameters. Our results may have implications for the $\sigma_8$ and
$H_0$ problems.
|
hep-ph astro-ph.CO
|
cannibals are dark matter particles with a scattering process that allows three particles to annihilate to two this exothermic process keeps the gas of the remaining particles warm long after they become nonrelativistic a cannibalizing dark sector which is decoupled from the standard model naturally arises from a pureglue confining hidden sector it has an effective field theory description with a single massive interacting real scalar field the lightest glueball since warm dark matter strongly suppresses growth of structure cannibals cannot be all of the dark matter thus we propose a scenario where most dark matter is noninteracting and cold but about 1 percent is cannibalistic we review the cannibals unusual scaling of the temperature and energy and number densities with redshift and generalize the equations for the growth of matter density perturbations to the case of cannibals we solve the equations numerically to predict the scaling of the hubble parameter and the characteristic shape of the linear matter power spectrum as a function of model parameters our results may have implications for the sigma_8 and h_0 problems
|
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|
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|
1,803.08063
|
Gaian bottlenecks and planetary habitability maintained by evolving
model biospheres: The ExoGaia model
|
The search for habitable exoplanets inspires the question - how do habitable
planets form? Planet habitability models traditionally focus on abiotic
processes and neglect a biotic response to changing conditions on an inhabited
planet. The Gaia hypothesis postulates that life influences the Earth's
feedback mechanisms to form a self-regulating system, and hence that life can
maintain habitable conditions on its host planet. If life has a strong
influence, it will have a role in determining a planet's habitability over
time. We present the ExoGaia model - a model of simple 'planets' host to
evolving microbial biospheres. Microbes interact with their host planet via
consumption and excretion of atmospheric chemicals. Model planets orbit a
'star' which provides incoming radiation, and atmospheric chemicals have either
an albedo, or a heat-trapping property. Planetary temperatures can therefore be
altered by microbes via their metabolisms. We seed multiple model planets with
life while their atmospheres are still forming and find that the microbial
biospheres are, under suitable conditions, generally able to prevent the host
planets from reaching inhospitable temperatures, as would happen on a lifeless
planet. We find that the underlying geochemistry plays a strong role in
determining long-term habitability prospects of a planet. We find five distinct
classes of model planets, including clear examples of 'Gaian bottlenecks' - a
phenomenon whereby life either rapidly goes extinct leaving an inhospitable
planet, or survives indefinitely maintaining planetary habitability. These
results suggest that life might play a crucial role in determining the
long-term habitability of planets.
|
astro-ph.EP
|
the search for habitable exoplanets inspires the question how do habitable planets form planet habitability models traditionally focus on abiotic processes and neglect a biotic response to changing conditions on an inhabited planet the gaia hypothesis postulates that life influences the earths feedback mechanisms to form a selfregulating system and hence that life can maintain habitable conditions on its host planet if life has a strong influence it will have a role in determining a planets habitability over time we present the exogaia model a model of simple planets host to evolving microbial biospheres microbes interact with their host planet via consumption and excretion of atmospheric chemicals model planets orbit a star which provides incoming radiation and atmospheric chemicals have either an albedo or a heattrapping property planetary temperatures can therefore be altered by microbes via their metabolisms we seed multiple model planets with life while their atmospheres are still forming and find that the microbial biospheres are under suitable conditions generally able to prevent the host planets from reaching inhospitable temperatures as would happen on a lifeless planet we find that the underlying geochemistry plays a strong role in determining longterm habitability prospects of a planet we find five distinct classes of model planets including clear examples of gaian bottlenecks a phenomenon whereby life either rapidly goes extinct leaving an inhospitable planet or survives indefinitely maintaining planetary habitability these results suggest that life might play a crucial role in determining the longterm habitability of planets
|
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|
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|
1,803.08064
|
Phenomenology of Self-Interacting Dark Matter in a Matter-Dominated
Universe
|
We study production of self-interacting dark matter (DM) during an early
matter-dominated phase. As a benchmark scenario, we consider a model where the
DM consists of singlet scalar particles coupled to the visible Standard Model
(SM) sector via the Higgs portal. We consider scenarios where the initial DM
abundance is set by either the usual thermal freeze-out or an alternative
freeze-in mechanism, where DM was never in thermal equilibrium with the SM
sector. For the first time, we take the effect of self-interactions within the
hidden sector into account in determining the DM abundance, reminiscent to the
Strongly Interacting Massive Particle (SIMP) scenario. In all cases, the number
density of DM may change considerably compared to the standard
radiation-dominated case, having important observational and experimental
ramifications.
|
hep-ph astro-ph.CO
|
we study production of selfinteracting dark matter dm during an early matterdominated phase as a benchmark scenario we consider a model where the dm consists of singlet scalar particles coupled to the visible standard model sm sector via the higgs portal we consider scenarios where the initial dm abundance is set by either the usual thermal freezeout or an alternative freezein mechanism where dm was never in thermal equilibrium with the sm sector for the first time we take the effect of selfinteractions within the hidden sector into account in determining the dm abundance reminiscent to the strongly interacting massive particle simp scenario in all cases the number density of dm may change considerably compared to the standard radiationdominated case having important observational and experimental ramifications
|
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|
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|
1,803.08065
|
Universal Formula for Baryon Spectra in Heavy-ion Collisions and its
Implications
|
In an unconventional presentation of the data on the transverse momentum
spectra of baryons produced in heavy-ion collisions, regularities are found
that make possible the discovery of a universal formula valid for $p, \Lambda,
\Xi$ and $\Omega$. The formula describes the baryon distributions over wide
ranges of $p_T (0.5 \ ^<_\sim\ p_T \ ^<_\sim\ 5$ GeV/c) for $0.06 \ ^<_\sim\
\sqrt {s_{NN}} \ ^<_\sim\ 3$ TeV, except for very peripheral collisions. Some
aspects of their empirical properties are derived in the recombination model,
resulting in a revelation of some features of the light and strange quark
distributions before hadronization. Interpretation of the inverse slopes of
their exponential behavior leads to an implication that cannot accommodate the
conventional description of fluid flow. This is mainly a study of phenomenology
without detailed model input.
|
nucl-ex hep-ph nucl-th
|
in an unconventional presentation of the data on the transverse momentum spectra of baryons produced in heavyion collisions regularities are found that make possible the discovery of a universal formula valid for p lambda xi and omega the formula describes the baryon distributions over wide ranges of p_t 05 _sim p_t _sim 5 gevc for 006 _sim sqrt s_nn _sim 3 tev except for very peripheral collisions some aspects of their empirical properties are derived in the recombination model resulting in a revelation of some features of the light and strange quark distributions before hadronization interpretation of the inverse slopes of their exponential behavior leads to an implication that cannot accommodate the conventional description of fluid flow this is mainly a study of phenomenology without detailed model input
|
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|
1,803.08066
|
Jet Charge and Machine Learning
|
Modern machine learning techniques, such as convolutional, recurrent and
recursive neural networks, have shown promise for jet substructure at the Large
Hadron Collider. For example, they have demonstrated effectiveness at boosted
top or W boson identification or for quark/gluon discrimination. We explore
these methods for the purpose of classifying jets according to their electric
charge. We find that both neural networks that incorporate distance within the
jet as an input and boosted decision trees including radial distance
information can provide significant improvement in jet charge extraction over
current methods. Specifically, convolutional, recurrent, and recursive networks
can provide the largest improvement over traditional methods, in part by
effectively utilizing distance within the jet or clustering history. The
advantages of using a fixed-size input representation (as with the CNN) or a
small input representation (as with the RNN) suggest that both convolutional
and recurrent networks will be essential to the future of modern machine
learning at colliders.
|
hep-ph stat.ML
|
modern machine learning techniques such as convolutional recurrent and recursive neural networks have shown promise for jet substructure at the large hadron collider for example they have demonstrated effectiveness at boosted top or w boson identification or for quarkgluon discrimination we explore these methods for the purpose of classifying jets according to their electric charge we find that both neural networks that incorporate distance within the jet as an input and boosted decision trees including radial distance information can provide significant improvement in jet charge extraction over current methods specifically convolutional recurrent and recursive networks can provide the largest improvement over traditional methods in part by effectively utilizing distance within the jet or clustering history the advantages of using a fixedsize input representation as with the cnn or a small input representation as with the rnn suggest that both convolutional and recurrent networks will be essential to the future of modern machine learning at colliders
|
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