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708.1949
Cold Dark Matter Substructure and Galactic Disks I: Morphological Signatures of Hierarchical Satellite Accretion
(Abridged) We conduct a series of high-resolution, dissipationless N-body simulations to investigate the cumulative effect of substructure mergers onto thin disk galaxies in the context of the LCDM paradigm of structure formation. Our simulation campaign is based on a hybrid approach. Substructure properties are culled directly from cosmological simulations of galaxy-sized cold dark matter (CDM) halos. In contrast to what can be inferred from statistics of the present-day substructure populations, accretions of massive subhalos onto the central regions of host halos, where the galactic disk resides, since z~1 should be common occurrences. One host halo merger history is subsequently used to seed controlled numerical experiments of repeated satellite impacts on an initially-thin Milky Way-type disk galaxy. We show that these accretion events produce several distinctive observational signatures in the stellar disk including: a ring-like feature in the outskirts; a significant flare; a central bar; and faint filamentary structures that (spuriously) resemble tidal streams. The final distribution of disk stars exhibits a complex vertical structure that is well-described by a standard ``thin-thick'' disk decomposition. We conclude that satellite-disk encounters of the kind expected in LCDM models can induce morphological features in galactic disks that are similar to those being discovered in the Milky Way, M31, and in other disk galaxies. These results highlight the significant role of CDM substructure in setting the structure of disk galaxies and driving galaxy evolution. Upcoming galactic structure surveys and astrometric satellites may be able to distinguish between competing cosmological models by testing whether the detailed structure of galactic disks is as excited as predicted by the CDM paradigm.
astro-ph
abridged we conduct a series of highresolution dissipationless nbody simulations to investigate the cumulative effect of substructure mergers onto thin disk galaxies in the context of the lcdm paradigm of structure formation our simulation campaign is based on a hybrid approach substructure properties are culled directly from cosmological simulations of galaxysized cold dark matter cdm halos in contrast to what can be inferred from statistics of the presentday substructure populations accretions of massive subhalos onto the central regions of host halos where the galactic disk resides since z1 should be common occurrences one host halo merger history is subsequently used to seed controlled numerical experiments of repeated satellite impacts on an initiallythin milky waytype disk galaxy we show that these accretion events produce several distinctive observational signatures in the stellar disk including a ringlike feature in the outskirts a significant flare a central bar and faint filamentary structures that spuriously resemble tidal streams the final distribution of disk stars exhibits a complex vertical structure that is welldescribed by a standard thinthick disk decomposition we conclude that satellitedisk encounters of the kind expected in lcdm models can induce morphological features in galactic disks that are similar to those being discovered in the milky way m31 and in other disk galaxies these results highlight the significant role of cdm substructure in setting the structure of disk galaxies and driving galaxy evolution upcoming galactic structure surveys and astrometric satellites may be able to distinguish between competing cosmological models by testing whether the detailed structure of galactic disks is as excited as predicted by the cdm paradigm
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708.195
Kondo effect in an Antiferromagnetic metal
We study the fate of a spin-1/2 impurity in the itinerant antiferromagnetic metallic phase via a renormalization group analysis and a variational calculation. The local moment - conduction electron interaction hamiltonian in an antiferromagnetic metal is spin non-conserving. We show that for a general location of the impurity, the Kondo singularities still occur, but the ground state has a partially unscreened moment. We calculate the magnitude of this residual moment and the variation of the spin polarization with energy for a substitutional impurity as a function of the staggered magnetization. The usual Kondo effect only occurs if the impurity is placed at points where the magnetization is zero.
cond-mat.str-el
we study the fate of a spin12 impurity in the itinerant antiferromagnetic metallic phase via a renormalization group analysis and a variational calculation the local moment conduction electron interaction hamiltonian in an antiferromagnetic metal is spin nonconserving we show that for a general location of the impurity the kondo singularities still occur but the ground state has a partially unscreened moment we calculate the magnitude of this residual moment and the variation of the spin polarization with energy for a substitutional impurity as a function of the staggered magnetization the usual kondo effect only occurs if the impurity is placed at points where the magnetization is zero
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708.1951
On bilinear biquandles
We define a type of biquandle which is a generalization of symplectic quandles. We use the extra structure of these bilinear biquandles to define new knot and link invariants and give some examples.
math.QA math.GT
we define a type of biquandle which is a generalization of symplectic quandles we use the extra structure of these bilinear biquandles to define new knot and link invariants and give some examples
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708.1952
Spontaneous Breaking of Space-Time Symmetries
Kinematical and dynamical mechanisms leading to the spontaneous breaking of space-time symmetries are described. The symmetries affected are space and time translations, space rotations, scale and conformal transformations. Applications are made to solidification, string theory compactifications, the analysis of stable theories with no ground states, supersymmetry breaking and the determination of the value of the vacuum energy.
hep-th
kinematical and dynamical mechanisms leading to the spontaneous breaking of spacetime symmetries are described the symmetries affected are space and time translations space rotations scale and conformal transformations applications are made to solidification string theory compactifications the analysis of stable theories with no ground states supersymmetry breaking and the determination of the value of the vacuum energy
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708.1953
Linear Quantum Error Correction
We develop a generalized theory of quantum error correction (QEC) that applies to any linear map, in particular maps that are not completely positive (CP). This theory describes entanglement-assisted QEC for invertible noise maps, which we use to provides an example of the physical implementation of non-CP recovery maps. We argue that a consistent map-based theory of fault-tolerant QEC (whether Markovian or not) requires linear, non-CP maps, and that this impacts the value of the fault-tolerance threshold.
quant-ph
we develop a generalized theory of quantum error correction qec that applies to any linear map in particular maps that are not completely positive cp this theory describes entanglementassisted qec for invertible noise maps which we use to provides an example of the physical implementation of noncp recovery maps we argue that a consistent mapbased theory of faulttolerant qec whether markovian or not requires linear noncp maps and that this impacts the value of the faulttolerance threshold
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708.1954
Why Do Only Some Galaxy Clusters Have Cool Cores?
Flux-limited X-ray samples indicate that about half of rich galaxy clusters have cool cores. Why do only some clusters have cool cores while others do not? In this paper, cosmological N-body + Eulerian hydrodynamic simulations, including radiative cooling and heating, are used to address this question as we examine the formation and evolution of cool core (CC) and non-cool core (NCC) clusters. These adaptive mesh refinement simulations produce both CC and NCC clusters in the same volume. They have a peak resolution of 15.6 h^{-1} kpc within a (256 h^{-1} Mpc)^3 box. Our simulations suggest that there are important evolutionary differences between CC clusters and their NCC counterparts. Many of the numerical CC clusters accreted mass more slowly over time and grew enhanced cool cores via hierarchical mergers; when late major mergers occurred, the CC's survived the collisions. By contrast, NCC clusters experienced major mergers early in their evolution that destroyed embryonic cool cores and produced conditions that prevented CC re-formation. As a result, our simulations predict observationally testable distinctions in the properties of CC and NCC beyond the core regions in clusters. In particular, we find differences between CC versus NCC clusters in the shapes of X-ray surface brightness profiles, between the temperatures and hardness ratios beyond the cores, between the distribution of masses, and between their supercluster environs. It also appears that CC clusters are no closer to hydrostatic equilibrium than NCC clusters, an issue important for precision cosmology measurements.
astro-ph
fluxlimited xray samples indicate that about half of rich galaxy clusters have cool cores why do only some clusters have cool cores while others do not in this paper cosmological nbody eulerian hydrodynamic simulations including radiative cooling and heating are used to address this question as we examine the formation and evolution of cool core cc and noncool core ncc clusters these adaptive mesh refinement simulations produce both cc and ncc clusters in the same volume they have a peak resolution of 156 h1 kpc within a 256 h1 mpc3 box our simulations suggest that there are important evolutionary differences between cc clusters and their ncc counterparts many of the numerical cc clusters accreted mass more slowly over time and grew enhanced cool cores via hierarchical mergers when late major mergers occurred the ccs survived the collisions by contrast ncc clusters experienced major mergers early in their evolution that destroyed embryonic cool cores and produced conditions that prevented cc reformation as a result our simulations predict observationally testable distinctions in the properties of cc and ncc beyond the core regions in clusters in particular we find differences between cc versus ncc clusters in the shapes of xray surface brightness profiles between the temperatures and hardness ratios beyond the cores between the distribution of masses and between their supercluster environs it also appears that cc clusters are no closer to hydrostatic equilibrium than ncc clusters an issue important for precision cosmology measurements
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708.1955
Cofinement, entropy, and single-particle dynamics of equilibrium hard-sphere mixtures
We use discontinuous molecular dynamics and grand-canonical transition-matrix Monte Carlo simulations to explore how confinement between parallel hard walls modifies the relationships between packing fraction, self-diffusivity, partial molar excess entropy, and total excess entropy for binary hard-sphere mixtures. To accomplish this, we introduce an efficient algorithm to calculate partial molar excess entropies from the transition-matrix Monte Carlo simulation data. We find that the species-dependent self-diffusivities of confined fluids are very similar to those of the bulk mixture if compared at the same, appropriately defined, packing fraction up to intermediate values, but then deviate negatively from the bulk behavior at higher packing fractions. On the other hand, the relationships between self-diffusivity and partial molar excess entropy (or total excess entropy) observed in the bulk fluid are preserved under confinement even at relatively high packing fractions and for different mixture compositions. This suggests that the partial molar excess entropy, calculable from classical density functional theories of inhomogeneous fluids, can be used to predict some of the nontrivial dynamical behaviors of fluid mixtures in confined environments.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
we use discontinuous molecular dynamics and grandcanonical transitionmatrix monte carlo simulations to explore how confinement between parallel hard walls modifies the relationships between packing fraction selfdiffusivity partial molar excess entropy and total excess entropy for binary hardsphere mixtures to accomplish this we introduce an efficient algorithm to calculate partial molar excess entropies from the transitionmatrix monte carlo simulation data we find that the speciesdependent selfdiffusivities of confined fluids are very similar to those of the bulk mixture if compared at the same appropriately defined packing fraction up to intermediate values but then deviate negatively from the bulk behavior at higher packing fractions on the other hand the relationships between selfdiffusivity and partial molar excess entropy or total excess entropy observed in the bulk fluid are preserved under confinement even at relatively high packing fractions and for different mixture compositions this suggests that the partial molar excess entropy calculable from classical density functional theories of inhomogeneous fluids can be used to predict some of the nontrivial dynamical behaviors of fluid mixtures in confined environments
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708.1956
Transforming squeezed light into a large amplitude coherent state superposition
A quantum superposition of two coherent states of light with small amplitude can be obtained by subtracting a photon from a squeezed vacuum state. In experiments this preparation can be made conditioned on the detection of a photon in the field from a squeezed light source. We propose and analyze an extended measurement strategy which allows generation of high fidelity coherent state superpositions with larger amplitude.
quant-ph
a quantum superposition of two coherent states of light with small amplitude can be obtained by subtracting a photon from a squeezed vacuum state in experiments this preparation can be made conditioned on the detection of a photon in the field from a squeezed light source we propose and analyze an extended measurement strategy which allows generation of high fidelity coherent state superpositions with larger amplitude
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708.1957
Spin torque contribution to the a.c. spin Hall conductivity
Using the recently proposed definition of a conserved spin-current operator [J. Shi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 076604 (2006)] we explore the frequency dependent spin Hall conductivity for a two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction in response to an oscillating electric field. We show that the optical spectrum of the spin Hall conductivity exhibit remarkable changes when the new definition of spin current is applied. Such behavior is mainly due to a significant contribution of the spin torque term which is absent in the conventional form of the spin current. In addition, it is observed that the magnitude and direction of the dynamic spin Hall current strongly depends on the electric field frequency as with the interplay of the spin-orbit coupling strengths.
cond-mat.mes-hall
using the recently proposed definition of a conserved spincurrent operator j shi et al phys rev lett 96 076604 2006 we explore the frequency dependent spin hall conductivity for a twodimensional electron gas with rashba and dresselhaus spinorbit interaction in response to an oscillating electric field we show that the optical spectrum of the spin hall conductivity exhibit remarkable changes when the new definition of spin current is applied such behavior is mainly due to a significant contribution of the spin torque term which is absent in the conventional form of the spin current in addition it is observed that the magnitude and direction of the dynamic spin hall current strongly depends on the electric field frequency as with the interplay of the spinorbit coupling strengths
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708.1958
Charge, geometry, and effective mass
Charge, like mass in Newtonian mechanics, is an irreducible element of electromagnetic theory that must be introduced ab initio. Its origin is not properly a part of the theory. Fields are then defined in terms of forces on either masses--in the case of Newtonian mechanics, or charges in the case of electromagnetism. General Relativity changed our way of thinking about the gravitational field by replacing the concept of a force field with the curvature of space-time. Mass, however, remained an irreducible element. It is shown here that the Reissner-Nordstrom solution to the Einstein field equations tells us that charge, like mass, has a unique space-time signature.
gr-qc
charge like mass in newtonian mechanics is an irreducible element of electromagnetic theory that must be introduced ab initio its origin is not properly a part of the theory fields are then defined in terms of forces on either massesin the case of newtonian mechanics or charges in the case of electromagnetism general relativity changed our way of thinking about the gravitational field by replacing the concept of a force field with the curvature of spacetime mass however remained an irreducible element it is shown here that the reissnernordstrom solution to the einstein field equations tells us that charge like mass has a unique spacetime signature
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708.1959
The zero-energy state in graphene in a high magnetic field
The fate of the charge-neutral Dirac point in graphene in a high magnetic field $H$ has been investigated at low temperatures ($T\sim$ 0.3 K). In samples with small $V_0$ (the gate voltage needed to access the Dirac point), the resistance $R_0$ at the Dirac point diverges steeply with $H$, signalling a crossover to an insulating state in intense field. The approach to the insulating state is highly unusual. Despite the steep divergence in $R_0$, the profile of $R_0$ vs. $T$ in fixed $H$ saturates to a $T$-independent value below 2 K, consistent with charge carrying gapless excitations.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci
the fate of the chargeneutral dirac point in graphene in a high magnetic field h has been investigated at low temperatures tsim 03 k in samples with small v_0 the gate voltage needed to access the dirac point the resistance r_0 at the dirac point diverges steeply with h signalling a crossover to an insulating state in intense field the approach to the insulating state is highly unusual despite the steep divergence in r_0 the profile of r_0 vs t in fixed h saturates to a tindependent value below 2 k consistent with charge carrying gapless excitations
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708.196
Ultra-high energy neutrino scattering
Estimates are made of the ultra-high energy neutrino cross sections based on an extrapolation to very small Bjorken x of the logarithmic Froissart dependence in x shown previously to provide an excellent fit to the measured proton structure function F_2^p(x,Q^2) over a broad range of the virtuality Q^2. Expressions are obtained for both the neutral current and the charged current cross sections. Comparison with an extrapolation based on perturbative QCD shows good agreement for energies where both fit data, but our rates are as much as a factor of 10 smaller for neutrino energies above 10^9 GeV, with important implications for experiments searching for extra-galactic neutrinos.
hep-ph astro-ph
estimates are made of the ultrahigh energy neutrino cross sections based on an extrapolation to very small bjorken x of the logarithmic froissart dependence in x shown previously to provide an excellent fit to the measured proton structure function f_2pxq2 over a broad range of the virtuality q2 expressions are obtained for both the neutral current and the charged current cross sections comparison with an extrapolation based on perturbative qcd shows good agreement for energies where both fit data but our rates are as much as a factor of 10 smaller for neutrino energies above 109 gev with important implications for experiments searching for extragalactic neutrinos
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708.1961
The jamming transition and new percolation universality classes in particulate systems with attraction
We numerically study the jamming transition in particulate systems with attraction by investigating their mechanical response at zero temperature. We find three regimes of mechanical behavior separated by two critical transitions--connectivity and rigidity percolation. The transitions belong to different universality classes than their lattice counterparts, due to force balance constraints. We also find that these transitions are unchanged at low temperatures and resemble gelation transitions in experiments on colloidal and silica gels.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
we numerically study the jamming transition in particulate systems with attraction by investigating their mechanical response at zero temperature we find three regimes of mechanical behavior separated by two critical transitionsconnectivity and rigidity percolation the transitions belong to different universality classes than their lattice counterparts due to force balance constraints we also find that these transitions are unchanged at low temperatures and resemble gelation transitions in experiments on colloidal and silica gels
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708.1962
Exact Cover with light
We suggest a new optical solution for solving the YES/NO version of the Exact Cover problem by using the massive parallelism of light. The idea is to build an optical device which can generate all possible solutions of the problem and then to pick the correct one. In our case the device has a graph-like representation and the light is traversing it by following the routes given by the connections between nodes. The nodes are connected by arcs in a special way which lets us to generate all possible covers (exact or not) of the given set. For selecting the correct solution we assign to each item, from the set to be covered, a special integer number. These numbers will actually represent delays induced to light when it passes through arcs. The solution is represented as a subray arriving at a certain moment in the destination node. This will tell us if an exact cover does exist or not.
cs.AR cs.DC
we suggest a new optical solution for solving the yesno version of the exact cover problem by using the massive parallelism of light the idea is to build an optical device which can generate all possible solutions of the problem and then to pick the correct one in our case the device has a graphlike representation and the light is traversing it by following the routes given by the connections between nodes the nodes are connected by arcs in a special way which lets us to generate all possible covers exact or not of the given set for selecting the correct solution we assign to each item from the set to be covered a special integer number these numbers will actually represent delays induced to light when it passes through arcs the solution is represented as a subray arriving at a certain moment in the destination node this will tell us if an exact cover does exist or not
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708.1963
Origin of the Non-Linear Pressure Effects in Perovskite Manganites: Buckling of Mn-O-Mn Bonds and Jahn-Teller Distortion of the MnO6 Octahedra Induced by Pressure
High-pressure resistivity and x-ray diffraction have been measured on La0.85MnO3-d. At low pressures the metal-insulator transition temperature (TMI) increases linearly with pressure up to a critical pressure, P* ~ 3.4 GPa, which is followed by reduction of TMI with increasing pressure. Analysis of the bond distances and bond angles reveal that a bandwidth increase drives the in-crease of TMI for pressure below P*. The reduction of TMI at higher pressures is found to result from Jahn-Teller distortions of the MnO6 octahedra. The role of anharmonic interatomic potential is discussed.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
highpressure resistivity and xray diffraction have been measured on la085mno3d at low pressures the metalinsulator transition temperature tmi increases linearly with pressure up to a critical pressure p 34 gpa which is followed by reduction of tmi with increasing pressure analysis of the bond distances and bond angles reveal that a bandwidth increase drives the increase of tmi for pressure below p the reduction of tmi at higher pressures is found to result from jahnteller distortions of the mno6 octahedra the role of anharmonic interatomic potential is discussed
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708.1964
Solving the subset-sum problem with a light-based device
We propose a special computational device which uses light rays for solving the subset-sum problem. The device has a graph-like representation and the light is traversing it by following the routes given by the connections between nodes. The nodes are connected by arcs in a special way which lets us to generate all possible subsets of the given set. To each arc we assign either a number from the given set or a predefined constant. When the light is passing through an arc it is delayed by the amount of time indicated by the number placed in that arc. At the destination node we will check if there is a ray whose total delay is equal to the target value of the subset sum problem (plus some constants).
cs.AR cs.AI cs.DC
we propose a special computational device which uses light rays for solving the subsetsum problem the device has a graphlike representation and the light is traversing it by following the routes given by the connections between nodes the nodes are connected by arcs in a special way which lets us to generate all possible subsets of the given set to each arc we assign either a number from the given set or a predefined constant when the light is passing through an arc it is delayed by the amount of time indicated by the number placed in that arc at the destination node we will check if there is a ray whose total delay is equal to the target value of the subset sum problem plus some constants
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708.1965
Tail Asymptotics and Estimation for Elliptical Distributions
Let (X,Y) be a bivariate elliptical random vector with associated random radius in the Gumbel max-domain of attraction. In this paper we obtain a second order asymptotic expansion of the joint survival probability P(X > x, Y> y) for x,y large. Further, based on the asymptotic bounds we discuss some aspects of the statistical modelling of joint survival probabilities and the survival conditional excess probability.
math.PR math.ST stat.TH
let xy be a bivariate elliptical random vector with associated random radius in the gumbel maxdomain of attraction in this paper we obtain a second order asymptotic expansion of the joint survival probability px x y y for xy large further based on the asymptotic bounds we discuss some aspects of the statistical modelling of joint survival probabilities and the survival conditional excess probability
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708.1966
Incompatibility of modulated checkerboard patterns with the neutron scattering resonance peak in cuprate superconductors
Checkerboard patterns have been proposed in order to explain STM experiments on the cuprates BSCCO and Na-CCOC. However the presence of these patterns has not been confirmed by a bulk probe such as neutron scattering. In particular, simple checkerboard patterns are inconsistent with neutron scattering data, in that they have low energy incommsensurate (IC) spin peaks rotated 45 degrees from the direction of the charge IC peaks. However, it is unclear whether other checkerboard patterns can solve the problem. In this paper, we have studied more complicated checkerboard patterns ("modulated checkerboards") by using spin wave theory and analyzed noncollinear checkerboards as well. We find that the high energy response of the modulated checkerboards is inconsistent with neutron scattering results, since they fail to exhibit a resonance peak at (pi,pi), which has recently been shown to be a universal feature of cuprate superconductors. We further argue that the newly proposed noncollinear checkerboard also lacks a resonance peak. We thus conclude that to date no checkerboard pattern has been proposed which satisfies both the low energy constraints and the high energy constraints imposed by the current body of experimental data in cuprate superconductors.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
checkerboard patterns have been proposed in order to explain stm experiments on the cuprates bscco and naccoc however the presence of these patterns has not been confirmed by a bulk probe such as neutron scattering in particular simple checkerboard patterns are inconsistent with neutron scattering data in that they have low energy incommsensurate ic spin peaks rotated 45 degrees from the direction of the charge ic peaks however it is unclear whether other checkerboard patterns can solve the problem in this paper we have studied more complicated checkerboard patterns modulated checkerboards by using spin wave theory and analyzed noncollinear checkerboards as well we find that the high energy response of the modulated checkerboards is inconsistent with neutron scattering results since they fail to exhibit a resonance peak at pipi which has recently been shown to be a universal feature of cuprate superconductors we further argue that the newly proposed noncollinear checkerboard also lacks a resonance peak we thus conclude that to date no checkerboard pattern has been proposed which satisfies both the low energy constraints and the high energy constraints imposed by the current body of experimental data in cuprate superconductors
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708.1967
Solar System Constraints on Gauss-Bonnet Dark Energy
Quadratic curvature Gauss-Bonnet gravity may be the solution to the dark energy problem, but a large coupling strength is required. This can lead to conflict with laboratory and planetary tests of Newton's law, as well as light bending. The corresponding constraints are derived. If applied directly to cosmological scales, the resulting bound on the density fraction is |Omega_GB| < 3.6 x 10^-32.
hep-th
quadratic curvature gaussbonnet gravity may be the solution to the dark energy problem but a large coupling strength is required this can lead to conflict with laboratory and planetary tests of newtons law as well as light bending the corresponding constraints are derived if applied directly to cosmological scales the resulting bound on the density fraction is omega_gb 36 x 1032
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708.1968
Some quasinilpotent generators of the hyperfinite $\mathrm{II}_1$ factor
For each sequence $\{c_n\}_n$ in $l_{1}(\N)$ we define an operator $A$ in the hyperfinite $\mathrm{II}_1$-factor $\mathcal{R}$. We prove that these operators are quasinilpotent and they generate the whole hyperfinite $\mathrm{II}_1$-factor. We show that they have non-trivial, closed, invariant subspaces affiliated to the von Neumann algebra and we provide enough evidence to suggest that these operators are interesting for the hyperinvariant subspace problem. We also present some of their properties. In particular, we show that the real and imaginary part of $A$ are equally distributed, and we find a combinatorial formula as well as an analytical way to compute their moments. We present a combinatorial way of computing the moments of $A^{*}A$.
math.OA math.FA
for each sequence c_n_n in l_1n we define an operator a in the hyperfinite mathrmii_1factor mathcalr we prove that these operators are quasinilpotent and they generate the whole hyperfinite mathrmii_1factor we show that they have nontrivial closed invariant subspaces affiliated to the von neumann algebra and we provide enough evidence to suggest that these operators are interesting for the hyperinvariant subspace problem we also present some of their properties in particular we show that the real and imaginary part of a are equally distributed and we find a combinatorial formula as well as an analytical way to compute their moments we present a combinatorial way of computing the moments of aa
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708.1969
Linear Algebraic Groups without the Normalizer Theorem
One can develop the basic structure theory of linear algebraic groups (the root system, Bruhat decomposition, etc.) in a way that bypasses several major steps in the standard development, including the self-normalizing property of Borel subgroups.
math.RT math.AG
one can develop the basic structure theory of linear algebraic groups the root system bruhat decomposition etc in a way that bypasses several major steps in the standard development including the selfnormalizing property of borel subgroups
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708.197
Pair creation supernovae at low and high redshift
Pair creation supernovae (PCSN) are thought to be produced from very massive low metallicity stars. The spectacularly bright SN 2006gy does show signatures expected from PCSNe. Here, we investigate the metallicity threshold below which PCSN can form and estimate their occurrence rate. We perform stellar evolution calculations for stars of 150$\mso$ and 250$\mso$ of low metallicity (Z$_{\odot}$/5 and Z$_{\odot}$/20), and analyze their mass loss rates. We find that the bifurcation between quasi-chemically homogeneous evolution for fast rotation and conventional evolution for slower rotation, which has been found earlier for massive low metallicity stars, persists in the mass range considered here. Consequently, there are two separate PCSN progenitor types: (I) Fast rotators produce PCSNe from very massive Wolf-Rayet stars, and (II) Slower rotators that generate PCSNe in hydrogen-rich massive yellow hypergiants. We find that hydrogen-rich PCSNe could occur at metallicities as high as Z$_{\odot}$/3, which -- assuming standard IMFs are still valid to estimate their birth rates -- results in a rate of about one PCSN per 1000 supernovae in the local universe, and one PCSN per 100 supernovae at a redshift of $z=5$. PCSNe from WC-type Wolf-Rayet stars are restricted to much lower metallicity.
astro-ph
pair creation supernovae pcsn are thought to be produced from very massive low metallicity stars the spectacularly bright sn 2006gy does show signatures expected from pcsne here we investigate the metallicity threshold below which pcsn can form and estimate their occurrence rate we perform stellar evolution calculations for stars of 150mso and 250mso of low metallicity z_odot5 and z_odot20 and analyze their mass loss rates we find that the bifurcation between quasichemically homogeneous evolution for fast rotation and conventional evolution for slower rotation which has been found earlier for massive low metallicity stars persists in the mass range considered here consequently there are two separate pcsn progenitor types i fast rotators produce pcsne from very massive wolfrayet stars and ii slower rotators that generate pcsne in hydrogenrich massive yellow hypergiants we find that hydrogenrich pcsne could occur at metallicities as high as z_odot3 which assuming standard imfs are still valid to estimate their birth rates results in a rate of about one pcsn per 1000 supernovae in the local universe and one pcsn per 100 supernovae at a redshift of z5 pcsne from wctype wolfrayet stars are restricted to much lower metallicity
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708.1971
Nimesulide limits kainate-induced oxidative damage in the rat hippocampus
Kainate induces a marked expression of cyclooxygenase-2 after its systemic administration. Because cyclooxygenase-2 activity is associated to the production of reactive oxygen species, we investigated the effects of nimesulide, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on kainate-induced in vivo oxidative damage in the rat hippocampus. A clinically relevant dose of nimesulide (6 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered three times following kainate application (9 mg/kg, i.p.). After 24 h of kainate administration, the drastic decrease in hippocampal glutathione content and the significant increase in lipid peroxidation were attenuated in nimesulide-treated rats, suggesting that the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 is involved in kainate-mediated free radicals formation.
q-bio.TO
kainate induces a marked expression of cyclooxygenase2 after its systemic administration because cyclooxygenase2 activity is associated to the production of reactive oxygen species we investigated the effects of nimesulide a selective cyclooxygenase2 inhibitor on kainateinduced in vivo oxidative damage in the rat hippocampus a clinically relevant dose of nimesulide 6 mgkg ip was administered three times following kainate application 9 mgkg ip after 24 h of kainate administration the drastic decrease in hippocampal glutathione content and the significant increase in lipid peroxidation were attenuated in nimesulidetreated rats suggesting that the induction of cyclooxygenase2 is involved in kainatemediated free radicals formation
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708.1972
The Qweak Experiment -- A search for new physics at the TeV Scale
A new precision measurement of the parity violating analyzing power in longitudinally polarized electron scattering from the proton at very low Q^2 at an incident energy of 1.16 GeV is in the final stages of preparation for execution at Jefferson Laboratory (JLab). A 2200 hour measurement of the parity violating asymmetry in elastic electron-proton scattering at Q^2 = 0.03 (GeV/c)^2 employing 180 microamp of 85% polarized beam on a 0.35 m long liquid hydrogen target will determine the weak charge of the proton, Q_w = 1 - 4sin^2(theta_W), with 4% combined statistical and systematic errors. The Standard Model makes a firm prediction of Q_w, based on the `running' of the weak mixing angle sin^2(theta_W) from the Z-pole down to lower energies. Any significant deviation of sin^2(theta_W) from its Standard Model prediction at low Q^2 would constitute a signal of new physics. In the absence of new physics, the envisaged experiment will provide a 0.3% determination of sin^2(theta_W), making this a very competitive measurement of the weak mixing angle. Complementary to the present experiment is a measurement of the weak charge of the electron in parity violating Moller scattering at 11 GeV, currently under consideration, with the upgraded CEBAF at JLab. The objective of that experiment would be a measurement of sin2(theta_W) with a precision comparable to or better than any individual measurement at the Z-pole.
nucl-ex
a new precision measurement of the parity violating analyzing power in longitudinally polarized electron scattering from the proton at very low q2 at an incident energy of 116 gev is in the final stages of preparation for execution at jefferson laboratory jlab a 2200 hour measurement of the parity violating asymmetry in elastic electronproton scattering at q2 003 gevc2 employing 180 microamp of 85 polarized beam on a 035 m long liquid hydrogen target will determine the weak charge of the proton q_w 1 4sin2theta_w with 4 combined statistical and systematic errors the standard model makes a firm prediction of q_w based on the running of the weak mixing angle sin2theta_w from the zpole down to lower energies any significant deviation of sin2theta_w from its standard model prediction at low q2 would constitute a signal of new physics in the absence of new physics the envisaged experiment will provide a 03 determination of sin2theta_w making this a very competitive measurement of the weak mixing angle complementary to the present experiment is a measurement of the weak charge of the electron in parity violating moller scattering at 11 gev currently under consideration with the upgraded cebaf at jlab the objective of that experiment would be a measurement of sin2theta_w with a precision comparable to or better than any individual measurement at the zpole
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708.1973
Strong violations of Bell-type inequalities for Werner-like states
We investigate the violation of Bell-type inequalities for two-qubit Werner-like states parametrized by the positive parameter 0<p<1. We use an unbalanced homodyne detection scheme to obtain the quantum mechanical probabilities. A violation of the Bell-Wigner and Janssens inequalities is obtained for a large range of the parameter p. The range given by these inequalities is greater than the one given by the Clauser-Horne inequality. The range in which a violation is attained actually coincides with the range where the Werner-like states are known to be nonseparabel, i.e., for p>1/3. However, the improvement over the Clauser-Horne inequality is achieved at the price of restricting the class of possible local hidden variable theories.
quant-ph
we investigate the violation of belltype inequalities for twoqubit wernerlike states parametrized by the positive parameter 0p1 we use an unbalanced homodyne detection scheme to obtain the quantum mechanical probabilities a violation of the bellwigner and janssens inequalities is obtained for a large range of the parameter p the range given by these inequalities is greater than the one given by the clauserhorne inequality the range in which a violation is attained actually coincides with the range where the wernerlike states are known to be nonseparabel ie for p13 however the improvement over the clauserhorne inequality is achieved at the price of restricting the class of possible local hidden variable theories
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708.1974
Isotopic composition of cosmic-ray sources
We use the GALPROP code and the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) data to derive the cosmic ray (CR) isotopic composition at the sources. The composition is derived for two propagation models, diffusive reacceleration and plain diffusion. We show that the compositions derived assuming these two propagation models are different. We also compare the isotopic composition at the sources with the latest solar composition.
astro-ph
we use the galprop code and the advanced composition explorer ace data to derive the cosmic ray cr isotopic composition at the sources the composition is derived for two propagation models diffusive reacceleration and plain diffusion we show that the compositions derived assuming these two propagation models are different we also compare the isotopic composition at the sources with the latest solar composition
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708.1975
Spin relaxation in $n$-type GaAs quantum wells with transient spin grating
By solving the kinetic spin Bloch equations, we study the time evolution of the transient spin grating, whose spin polarization varies periodically in real space, confined in (001) GaAs quantum wells. With this study we can investigate the properties of both the spin transport and the spin relaxation at the same time. The Fourier component of the spin signal decays double exponentially with two decay rates $1/\tau_+$ and $1/\tau_-$. In high temperature regime, the average of these two rates varies with the grating wave-vector $q$ quadratically, i.e., $(1/\tau_++1/\tau_-)/2=D_sq^2+1/\tilde{\tau}_s$, with $D_s$ and $\tilde{\tau}_s$ representing the spin diffusion coefficient and the average of the out-of-plane and the in-plane spin relaxation times respectively. $\tau_{\pm}$ calculated from our theory are in good agreement with the experimental data by Weber {\em et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 98}, 076604 (2007)]. By comparing $D_s$ with and without the electron-electron Coulomb scattering, we calculate the contribution of Coulomb drag to the spin diffusion coefficient. With the transient spin grating result, we further reveal the relations among different characteristic parameters such as spin diffusion coefficient $D_s$, spin relaxation time $\tau_s$, and spin injection length $L_s$. We show that in the presence of the Dresselhaus and/or Rashba spin-orbit coupling, the widely used relation $L_s=\sqrt{D_s\tau_s}$ is generally inaccurate and can even be very wrong in some special cases. We present an accurate way to extract the steady-state transport characteristic parameters from the transient spin grating signals.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
by solving the kinetic spin bloch equations we study the time evolution of the transient spin grating whose spin polarization varies periodically in real space confined in 001 gaas quantum wells with this study we can investigate the properties of both the spin transport and the spin relaxation at the same time the fourier component of the spin signal decays double exponentially with two decay rates 1tau_ and 1tau_ in high temperature regime the average of these two rates varies with the grating wavevector q quadratically ie 1tau_1tau_2d_sq21tildetau_s with d_s and tildetau_s representing the spin diffusion coefficient and the average of the outofplane and the inplane spin relaxation times respectively tau_pm calculated from our theory are in good agreement with the experimental data by weber em et al phys rev lett bf 98 076604 2007 by comparing d_s with and without the electronelectron coulomb scattering we calculate the contribution of coulomb drag to the spin diffusion coefficient with the transient spin grating result we further reveal the relations among different characteristic parameters such as spin diffusion coefficient d_s spin relaxation time tau_s and spin injection length l_s we show that in the presence of the dresselhaus andor rashba spinorbit coupling the widely used relation l_ssqrtd_stau_s is generally inaccurate and can even be very wrong in some special cases we present an accurate way to extract the steadystate transport characteristic parameters from the transient spin grating signals
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708.1976
Preparation of Neutron-activated Xenon for Liquid Xenon Detector Calibration
We report the preparation of neutron-activated xenon for the calibration of liquid xenon (LXe) detectors. Gamma rays from the decay of xenon metastable states, produced by fast neutron activation, were detected and their activities measured in a LXe scintillation detector. Following a five-day activation of natural xenon gas with a Cf-252 (4 x 10^5 n/s) source, the activities of two gamma ray lines at 164 keV and 236 keV, from Xe-131m and Xe-129m metastable states, were measured at about 95 and 130 Bq/kg, respectively. We also observed three additional lines at 35 keV, 100 keV and 275 keV, which decay away within a few days. No long-lifetime activity was observed after the neutron activation.
physics.ins-det astro-ph nucl-ex
we report the preparation of neutronactivated xenon for the calibration of liquid xenon lxe detectors gamma rays from the decay of xenon metastable states produced by fast neutron activation were detected and their activities measured in a lxe scintillation detector following a fiveday activation of natural xenon gas with a cf252 4 x 105 ns source the activities of two gamma ray lines at 164 kev and 236 kev from xe131m and xe129m metastable states were measured at about 95 and 130 bqkg respectively we also observed three additional lines at 35 kev 100 kev and 275 kev which decay away within a few days no longlifetime activity was observed after the neutron activation
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708.1977
Truly Minimal Left-Right Symmetry Model for Electroweak Interaction
By using two primary doublets and one induced bidoublet Higgs fields as a result of the interactions of the two doublets, we evaluate the predictive power of the left-right symmetry model based on $SU(2)_{L}\otimes SU(2)_{R}\otimes U(1)$ gauge group to the gauge bosons masses, leptons masses, and the structure of electroweak interactions. We found that the contribution of the right charge-current to the electroweak interaction is only around 0.0073 percent. The neutrino mass emerges naturally without introducing exotic particles. We obtain that the mixing angle $\theta = 45^{0}$ for boson sector, $\theta \approx 45^{0}$ for neutrino sector, and $\theta = 0^{0}$ for electron sector. The parity violation in our model could be associated with the mass mixing in the bosons and leptons masses arise from the induced bidoublet Higgs via symmetry breaking. PACs: 12.60.Cn; 12.60.Fr
hep-ph
by using two primary doublets and one induced bidoublet higgs fields as a result of the interactions of the two doublets we evaluate the predictive power of the leftright symmetry model based on su2_lotimes su2_rotimes u1 gauge group to the gauge bosons masses leptons masses and the structure of electroweak interactions we found that the contribution of the right chargecurrent to the electroweak interaction is only around 00073 percent the neutrino mass emerges naturally without introducing exotic particles we obtain that the mixing angle theta 450 for boson sector theta approx 450 for neutrino sector and theta 00 for electron sector the parity violation in our model could be associated with the mass mixing in the bosons and leptons masses arise from the induced bidoublet higgs via symmetry breaking pacs 1260cn 1260fr
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708.1978
Parabolic equations with the second order Cauchy conditions on the boundary
The paper studies some ill-posed boundary value problems on semi-plane for parabolic equations with homogenuous Cauchy condition at initial time and with the second order Cauchy condition on the boundary of the semi-plane. A class of inputs that allows some regularity is suggested and described explicitly in frequency domain. This class is everywhere dense in the space of square integrable functions.
math.AP math-ph math.MP
the paper studies some illposed boundary value problems on semiplane for parabolic equations with homogenuous cauchy condition at initial time and with the second order cauchy condition on the boundary of the semiplane a class of inputs that allows some regularity is suggested and described explicitly in frequency domain this class is everywhere dense in the space of square integrable functions
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708.1979
Advances in Cardinal Arithmetic
If cf(kappa) = kappa, kappa^+< cf(lambda) = \lambda, then there is a stationary subset S of {delta<lambda:cf(delta)=kappa} in I[lambda]. Moreover, we can find <C_delta :delta in S>, C_delta a club of lambda, otp(C_delta)=kappa, guessing clubs and for each alpha<lambda we have: {C_delta \cap alpha: alpha \in nacc(C_delta)} has cardinality <lambda. Also, we prove that e.g. there is a stationary subset of S_{<aleph_1}(lambda) of cardinality cf(S_{<aleph_1}(lambda),subseteq) Then we prove the existence of nice filters when instead being normal filters on omega_1 they are normal filters with larger domains, which can increase during a play. They can help us transfer situation on aleph_1-complete filters to normal ones
math.LO
if cfkappa kappa kappa cflambda lambda then there is a stationary subset s of deltalambdacfdeltakappa in ilambda moreover we can find c_delta delta in s c_delta a club of lambda otpc_deltakappa guessing clubs and for each alphalambda we have c_delta cap alpha alpha in naccc_delta has cardinality lambda also we prove that eg there is a stationary subset of s_aleph_1lambda of cardinality cfs_aleph_1lambdasubseteq then we prove the existence of nice filters when instead being normal filters on omega_1 they are normal filters with larger domains which can increase during a play they can help us transfer situation on aleph_1complete filters to normal ones
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708.198
The first almost free Whitehead group
Assume G.C.H. and kappa is the first uncountable cardinal such that there is a kappa-free abelian group which is not a Whitehead (abelian) group. We prove that kappa is necessarily an inaccessible cardinal
math.LO
assume gch and kappa is the first uncountable cardinal such that there is a kappafree abelian group which is not a whitehead abelian group we prove that kappa is necessarily an inaccessible cardinal
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708.1981
On some problems in general topology
We prove that Arhangelskii's problem has a consistent positive answer: if V\models CH, then for some aleph_1-complete aleph_2-c.c. forcing notion P of cardinality aleph_2 we have that P forces ``CH and there is a Lindelof regular topological space of size aleph_2 with clopen basis with every point of pseudo-character aleph_0 (i.e. each singleton is the intersection of countably many open sets)''. Also, we prove the consistency of: CH+ 2^{aleph_1} > \aleph_2 + "there is no space as above with aleph_2 points" (starting with a weakly compact cardinal).
math.LO
we prove that arhangelskiis problem has a consistent positive answer if vmodels ch then for some aleph_1complete aleph_2cc forcing notion p of cardinality aleph_2 we have that p forces ch and there is a lindelof regular topological space of size aleph_2 with clopen basis with every point of pseudocharacter aleph_0 ie each singleton is the intersection of countably many open sets also we prove the consistency of ch 2aleph_1 aleph_2 there is no space as above with aleph_2 points starting with a weakly compact cardinal
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708.1982
Abelian and non-abelian second cohomologies of quantized enveloping algebras
For a class of pointed Hopf algebras including the quantized enveloping algebras, we discuss cleft extensions, cocycle deformations and the second cohomology. We present such a non-standard method of computing the abelian second cohomology that derives information from the non-abelian second cohomology classifying cleft extensions. As a sample computation, a quantum analogue of Whitehead's second lemma for Lie-algebra cohomology is proved.
math.QA
for a class of pointed hopf algebras including the quantized enveloping algebras we discuss cleft extensions cocycle deformations and the second cohomology we present such a nonstandard method of computing the abelian second cohomology that derives information from the nonabelian second cohomology classifying cleft extensions as a sample computation a quantum analogue of whiteheads second lemma for liealgebra cohomology is proved
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708.1983
Two-component Duality and Strings
A phenomenologically successful two-component hadronic duality picture led to Veneziano's amplitude, the fundamental first step to string theory. This picture is briefly recalled and its two components are identified as the open strings (mesons and baryons) and closed strings (Pomeron).
hep-th hep-ph physics.hist-ph
a phenomenologically successful twocomponent hadronic duality picture led to venezianos amplitude the fundamental first step to string theory this picture is briefly recalled and its two components are identified as the open strings mesons and baryons and closed strings pomeron
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708.1984
Density is at most the spread of the square
We show the following result: Assume B is an infinite Boolean Algebra and lambda=d(B). Then s(B*B)$, i.e. s(uf(B)xuf(B))>= lambda$ (if lambda limit - obtained)
math.LO
we show the following result assume b is an infinite boolean algebra and lambdadb then sbb ie sufbxufb lambda if lambda limit obtained
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708.1985
Relativistic ab initio study of forbidden transitions of singly ionized Zinc using CCSD(T)
In this work, the {\it ab initio} calculations have been carried out to study the oscillator strengths corresponding to `forbidden transitions' of astrophysically important electromagnetic transitions of singly ionized zinc, Zn II. Many important electron correlations are considered to all-orders using the relativistic coupled-cluster theory. Calculated ionization potentials are compared with the experimental values, wherever available. To our knowledge, oscillator strengths of magnetic dipole and electric quardupole transitions are estimated for the first time. The transitions span in the range of ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared regions and are important for astrophysical observations.
physics.atom-ph physics.comp-ph
in this work the it ab initio calculations have been carried out to study the oscillator strengths corresponding to forbidden transitions of astrophysically important electromagnetic transitions of singly ionized zinc zn ii many important electron correlations are considered to allorders using the relativistic coupledcluster theory calculated ionization potentials are compared with the experimental values wherever available to our knowledge oscillator strengths of magnetic dipole and electric quardupole transitions are estimated for the first time the transitions span in the range of ultraviolet visible and near infrared regions and are important for astrophysical observations
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708.1986
Duality and Recycling Computing in Quantum Computers
Quantum computer possesses quantum parallelism and offers great computing power over classical computer \cite{er1,er2}. As is well-know, a moving quantum object passing through a double-slit exhibits particle wave duality. A quantum computer is static and lacks this duality property. The recently proposed duality computer has exploited this particle wave duality property, and it may offer additional computing power \cite{r1}. Simply put it, a duality computer is a moving quantum computer passing through a double-slit. A duality computer offers the capability to perform separate operations on the sub-waves coming out of the different slits, in the so-called duality parallelism. Here we show that an $n$-dubit duality computer can be modeled by an $(n+1)$-qubit quantum computer. In a duality mode, computing operations are not necessarily unitary. A $n$-qubit quantum computer can be used as an $n$-bit reversible classical computer and is energy efficient. Our result further enables a $(n+1)$-qubit quantum computer to run classical algorithms in a $O(2^n)$-bit classical computer. The duality mode provides a natural link between classical computing and quantum computing. Here we also propose a recycling computing mode in which a quantum computer will continue to compute until the result is obtained. These two modes provide new tool for algorithm design. A search algorithm for the unsorted database search problem is designed.
quant-ph
quantum computer possesses quantum parallelism and offers great computing power over classical computer citeer1er2 as is wellknow a moving quantum object passing through a doubleslit exhibits particle wave duality a quantum computer is static and lacks this duality property the recently proposed duality computer has exploited this particle wave duality property and it may offer additional computing power citer1 simply put it a duality computer is a moving quantum computer passing through a doubleslit a duality computer offers the capability to perform separate operations on the subwaves coming out of the different slits in the socalled duality parallelism here we show that an ndubit duality computer can be modeled by an n1qubit quantum computer in a duality mode computing operations are not necessarily unitary a nqubit quantum computer can be used as an nbit reversible classical computer and is energy efficient our result further enables a n1qubit quantum computer to run classical algorithms in a o2nbit classical computer the duality mode provides a natural link between classical computing and quantum computing here we also propose a recycling computing mode in which a quantum computer will continue to compute until the result is obtained these two modes provide new tool for algorithm design a search algorithm for the unsorted database search problem is designed
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708.1987
Environmental effect on the subhalo abundance -- a solution to the missing dwarf problem
Recent high-resolution simulations of the formation of dark-matter halos have shown that the distribution of subhalos is scale-free, in the sense that if scaled by the velocity dispersion of the parent halo, the velocity distribution function of galaxy-sized and cluster-sized halos are identical. For cluster-sized halos, simulation results agreed well with observations. Simulations, however, predicted far too many subhalos for galaxy-sized halos. Our galaxy has several tens of known dwarf galaxies. On the other hands, simulated dark-matter halos contain thousands of subhalos. We have performed simulation of a single large volume and measured the abundance of subhalos in all massive halos. We found that the variation of the subhalo abundance is very large, and those with largest number of subhalos correspond to simulated halos in previous studies. The subhalo abundance depends strongly on the local density of the background. Halos in high-density regions contain large number of subhalos. Our galaxy is in the low-density region. For our simulated halos in low-density regions, the number of subhalos is within a factor of three to that of our galaxy. We argue that the ``missing dwarf problem'' is not a real problem but caused by the biased selection of the initial conditions in previous studies, which were not appropriate for field galaxies.
astro-ph
recent highresolution simulations of the formation of darkmatter halos have shown that the distribution of subhalos is scalefree in the sense that if scaled by the velocity dispersion of the parent halo the velocity distribution function of galaxysized and clustersized halos are identical for clustersized halos simulation results agreed well with observations simulations however predicted far too many subhalos for galaxysized halos our galaxy has several tens of known dwarf galaxies on the other hands simulated darkmatter halos contain thousands of subhalos we have performed simulation of a single large volume and measured the abundance of subhalos in all massive halos we found that the variation of the subhalo abundance is very large and those with largest number of subhalos correspond to simulated halos in previous studies the subhalo abundance depends strongly on the local density of the background halos in highdensity regions contain large number of subhalos our galaxy is in the lowdensity region for our simulated halos in lowdensity regions the number of subhalos is within a factor of three to that of our galaxy we argue that the missing dwarf problem is not a real problem but caused by the biased selection of the initial conditions in previous studies which were not appropriate for field galaxies
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708.1988
Electrically Small Supergain Arrays
The theory, computer simulations, and experimental measurements are presented for electrically small two-element supergain arrays with near optimal endfire gains of 7 dB. We show how the difficulties of narrow tolerances, large mismatches, low radiation efficiencies, and reduced scattering of electrically small parasitic elements are overcome by using electrically small resonant antennas as the elements in both separately driven and singly driven (parasitic) two-element electrically small supergain endfire arrays. Although rapidly increasing narrow tolerances prevent the practical realization of the maximum theoretically possible endfire gain of electrically small arrays with many elements, the theory and preliminary numerical simulations indicate that near maximum supergains are also achievable in practice for electrically small arrays with three (and possibly more) resonant elements if the decreasing bandwidth with increasing number of elements can be tolerated.
physics.class-ph
the theory computer simulations and experimental measurements are presented for electrically small twoelement supergain arrays with near optimal endfire gains of 7 db we show how the difficulties of narrow tolerances large mismatches low radiation efficiencies and reduced scattering of electrically small parasitic elements are overcome by using electrically small resonant antennas as the elements in both separately driven and singly driven parasitic twoelement electrically small supergain endfire arrays although rapidly increasing narrow tolerances prevent the practical realization of the maximum theoretically possible endfire gain of electrically small arrays with many elements the theory and preliminary numerical simulations indicate that near maximum supergains are also achievable in practice for electrically small arrays with three and possibly more resonant elements if the decreasing bandwidth with increasing number of elements can be tolerated
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708.1989
Four-dimensional lattice chiral gauge theories with anomalous fermion content
In continuum field theory, it has been discussed that chiral gauge theories with Weyl fermions in anomalous gauge representations (anomalous gauge theories) can consistently be quantized, provided that some of gauge bosons are permitted to acquire mass. Such theories in four dimensions are inevitablly non-renormalizable and must be regarded as a low-energy effective theory with a finite ultraviolet (UV) cutoff. In this paper, we present a lattice framework which enables one to study such theories in a non-perturbative level. By introducing bare mass terms of gauge bosons that impose ``smoothness'' on the link field, we explicitly construct a consistent fermion integration measure in a lattice formulation based on the Ginsparg-Wilson (GW) relation. This framework may be used to determine in a non-perturbative level an upper bound on the UV cutoff in low-energy effective theories with anomalous fermion content. By further introducing the St\"uckelberg or Wess-Zumino (WZ) scalar field, this framework provides also a lattice definition of a non-linear sigma model with the Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) term.
hep-lat hep-th
in continuum field theory it has been discussed that chiral gauge theories with weyl fermions in anomalous gauge representations anomalous gauge theories can consistently be quantized provided that some of gauge bosons are permitted to acquire mass such theories in four dimensions are inevitablly nonrenormalizable and must be regarded as a lowenergy effective theory with a finite ultraviolet uv cutoff in this paper we present a lattice framework which enables one to study such theories in a nonperturbative level by introducing bare mass terms of gauge bosons that impose smoothness on the link field we explicitly construct a consistent fermion integration measure in a lattice formulation based on the ginspargwilson gw relation this framework may be used to determine in a nonperturbative level an upper bound on the uv cutoff in lowenergy effective theories with anomalous fermion content by further introducing the stuckelberg or wesszumino wz scalar field this framework provides also a lattice definition of a nonlinear sigma model with the wesszuminowitten wzw term
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708.199
Rational singularities associated to pairs
In this paper we introduce a notion of rational singularities associated to pairs $(X, \ba^t)$ where $X$ is a variety, $\ba$ is an ideal sheaf and $t$ is a nonnegative real number. We prove that most standard results about rational singularities extend to this context. We also show that some results commonly associated with log terminal pairs have analogs in this context, including results related to inversion of adjunction. A positive characteristic analogue of rational singularities of pairs is also defined and explored.
math.AG math.AC
in this paper we introduce a notion of rational singularities associated to pairs x bat where x is a variety ba is an ideal sheaf and t is a nonnegative real number we prove that most standard results about rational singularities extend to this context we also show that some results commonly associated with log terminal pairs have analogs in this context including results related to inversion of adjunction a positive characteristic analogue of rational singularities of pairs is also defined and explored
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708.1991
Conditions for the Trivers-Willard hypothesis to be valid: A minimal population-genetic model
The very insightful Trivers-Willard hypothesis, proposed in the early 1970s, states that females in good physiological conditions are more likely to produce male offspring, when the variance of reproductive success amongst males is high. A number of studies, aimed at its experimental verification, have found adequate supportive evidence in its favour. Theoretical investigations, however, have been few, perhaps because formulating a population-genetic model for describing the Trivers-Willard hypothesis turns out to be surprisingly complex. The present study describes a minimal population genetic model to explore one specific scenario, viz. how is the preference for a male offspring by females in good condition altered when 'g', the proportion of such females in the population changes from a low to a high value. As expected, when the proportion of such females is low, i.e., for low values of 'g', the Trivers-Willard (TW) strategy goes to fixation against the equal investment strategy. This holds true up to gmax, a critical value of 'g', above which the two strategies coexist, but the proportion of the TW strategy steadily decreases as 'g' increases to unity. Similarly, when the effect of well-endowed males attaining disproportionately high number of matings is more pronounced, the TW strategy is more likely to go to fixation. Interestingly, the success of the TW strategy has a complex dependence on the variance in the physiological condition of females. If the difference in the two types of conditions is not large, TW strategy is favoured, and its success is more likely as the difference increases. However, beyond a critical value of the difference, the TW strategy is found to be less and less likely to succeed as the difference becomes larger. Possible reasons for these effects are discussed.
q-bio.PE
the very insightful triverswillard hypothesis proposed in the early 1970s states that females in good physiological conditions are more likely to produce male offspring when the variance of reproductive success amongst males is high a number of studies aimed at its experimental verification have found adequate supportive evidence in its favour theoretical investigations however have been few perhaps because formulating a populationgenetic model for describing the triverswillard hypothesis turns out to be surprisingly complex the present study describes a minimal population genetic model to explore one specific scenario viz how is the preference for a male offspring by females in good condition altered when g the proportion of such females in the population changes from a low to a high value as expected when the proportion of such females is low ie for low values of g the triverswillard tw strategy goes to fixation against the equal investment strategy this holds true up to gmax a critical value of g above which the two strategies coexist but the proportion of the tw strategy steadily decreases as g increases to unity similarly when the effect of wellendowed males attaining disproportionately high number of matings is more pronounced the tw strategy is more likely to go to fixation interestingly the success of the tw strategy has a complex dependence on the variance in the physiological condition of females if the difference in the two types of conditions is not large tw strategy is favoured and its success is more likely as the difference increases however beyond a critical value of the difference the tw strategy is found to be less and less likely to succeed as the difference becomes larger possible reasons for these effects are discussed
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708.1992
Distance-regular graphs of $q$-Racah type and the $q$-tetrahedron algebra
In this paper we discuss a relationship between the following two algebras: (i) the subconstituent algebra $T$ of a distance-regular graph that has $q$-Racah type; (ii) the $q$-tetrahedron algebra $\boxtimes_q$ which is a $q$-deformation of the three-point $sl_2$ loop algebra. Assuming that every irreducible $T$-module is thin, we display an algebra homomorphism from $\boxtimes_q$ into $T$ and show that $T$ is generated by the image together with the center $Z(T)$.
math.CO math.RT
in this paper we discuss a relationship between the following two algebras i the subconstituent algebra t of a distanceregular graph that has qracah type ii the qtetrahedron algebra boxtimes_q which is a qdeformation of the threepoint sl_2 loop algebra assuming that every irreducible tmodule is thin we display an algebra homomorphism from boxtimes_q into t and show that t is generated by the image together with the center zt
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708.1993
Dynamics of glucose-lactose diauxic growth in E. coli
We present a mathematical model of glucose-lactose diauxic growth in Escherichia coli including both the postive and negative regulation mechanisms of the lactose operon as well as the inducer exclusion. To validate this model, we first calculated the time evolution of beta-galactosidase for only the lactose nutrient and compared the numerical results with experimental data. Second, we compared the calculated cell biomass of the glucose-lactose diauxic growth with the experimental optical density of the diauxic growth for a particular E. coli MG 1655. For both cases, the numerical calculations from this model are in good agreement with these two experiments' data. The diauxic growth pattern of a wild type E. coli was also investigated.
q-bio.OT q-bio.CB
we present a mathematical model of glucoselactose diauxic growth in escherichia coli including both the postive and negative regulation mechanisms of the lactose operon as well as the inducer exclusion to validate this model we first calculated the time evolution of betagalactosidase for only the lactose nutrient and compared the numerical results with experimental data second we compared the calculated cell biomass of the glucoselactose diauxic growth with the experimental optical density of the diauxic growth for a particular e coli mg 1655 for both cases the numerical calculations from this model are in good agreement with these two experiments data the diauxic growth pattern of a wild type e coli was also investigated
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708.1994
Hall Conductivity of Flavor Fields from AdS/CFT
We use the AdS/CFT correspondence to compute a conductivity associated with massive N=2 supersymmetric hypermultiplet fields at finite baryon density, propagating through an N=4 supersymmetric SU(Nc) Yang-Mills plasma in the large Nc, large 't Hooft coupling limit. We do so by introducing external electric and magnetic fields coupled to baryon number and computing the resulting induced current, from which we extract the conductivity tensor. At large hypermultiplet mass we compute the drag force on the charge carriers. We also compute the product of the drag coefficient with the kinetic mass, and find that the answer is unchanged from the zero density case. The gravitational dual is a probe D7-brane, with a nontrivial worldvolume gauge field configuration, in an AdS-Schwarzschild background. We identify an effective horizon on the D7-brane worldvolume analogous to the worldsheet horizon observed for strings moving in the same background. We generalize our results to a class of theories described by probe D-branes in various backgrounds.
hep-th
we use the adscft correspondence to compute a conductivity associated with massive n2 supersymmetric hypermultiplet fields at finite baryon density propagating through an n4 supersymmetric sunc yangmills plasma in the large nc large t hooft coupling limit we do so by introducing external electric and magnetic fields coupled to baryon number and computing the resulting induced current from which we extract the conductivity tensor at large hypermultiplet mass we compute the drag force on the charge carriers we also compute the product of the drag coefficient with the kinetic mass and find that the answer is unchanged from the zero density case the gravitational dual is a probe d7brane with a nontrivial worldvolume gauge field configuration in an adsschwarzschild background we identify an effective horizon on the d7brane worldvolume analogous to the worldsheet horizon observed for strings moving in the same background we generalize our results to a class of theories described by probe dbranes in various backgrounds
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708.1995
Hybrid single-electron transistor as a source of quantized electric current
The basis of synchronous manipulation of individual electrons in solid-state devices was laid by the rise of single-electronics about two decades ago. Ultra-small structures in a low temperature environment form an ideal domain of addressing electrons one by one. A long-standing challenge in this field has been the realization of a source of electric current that is accurately related to the operation frequency $f$. There is an urgent call for a quantum standard of electric current and for the so-called metrological triangle, where voltage from Josephson effect and resistance from quantum Hall effect are tested against current via Ohm's law for a consistency check of the fundamental constants of Nature, $\hbar$ and $e$. Several attempts to create a metrological current source that would comply with the demanding criteria of extreme accuracy, high yield, and implementation with not too many control parameters have been reported. However, no satisfactory solution exists as yet despite many ingenious achievements that have been witnessed over the years. Here we propose and prove the unexpected concept of a hybrid metal-superconductor turnstile in the form of a one-island single-electron transistor with one gate, which demonstrates robust current plateaus at multiple levels of $ef$ within the uncertainty of our current measurement. Our theoretical estimates show that the errors of the present system can be efficiently suppressed by further optimizations of design and proper choice of the device parameters and therefore we expect it to eventually meet the stringent specifications of quantum metrology.
cond-mat.mes-hall
the basis of synchronous manipulation of individual electrons in solidstate devices was laid by the rise of singleelectronics about two decades ago ultrasmall structures in a low temperature environment form an ideal domain of addressing electrons one by one a longstanding challenge in this field has been the realization of a source of electric current that is accurately related to the operation frequency f there is an urgent call for a quantum standard of electric current and for the socalled metrological triangle where voltage from josephson effect and resistance from quantum hall effect are tested against current via ohms law for a consistency check of the fundamental constants of nature hbar and e several attempts to create a metrological current source that would comply with the demanding criteria of extreme accuracy high yield and implementation with not too many control parameters have been reported however no satisfactory solution exists as yet despite many ingenious achievements that have been witnessed over the years here we propose and prove the unexpected concept of a hybrid metalsuperconductor turnstile in the form of a oneisland singleelectron transistor with one gate which demonstrates robust current plateaus at multiple levels of ef within the uncertainty of our current measurement our theoretical estimates show that the errors of the present system can be efficiently suppressed by further optimizations of design and proper choice of the device parameters and therefore we expect it to eventually meet the stringent specifications of quantum metrology
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708.1996
Effective free energy method for nematic liquid crystals in contact with structured substrates
We study the phase behavior of a nematic liquid crystal confined between a flat substrate with strong anchoring and a patterned substrate whose structure and local anchoring strength we vary. By first evaluating an effective surface free energy function characterizing the patterned substrate we derive an expression for the effective free energy of the confined nematic liquid crystal. Then we determine phase diagrams involving a homogeneous state in which the nematic director is almost uniform and a hybrid aligned nematic state in which the orientation of the director varies through the cell. Direct minimization of the free energy functional were performed in order to test the predictions of the effective free energy method. We find remarkably good agreement between the phase boundaries calculated from the two approaches. In addition the effective energy method allows one to determine the energy barriers between two states in a bistable nematic device.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
we study the phase behavior of a nematic liquid crystal confined between a flat substrate with strong anchoring and a patterned substrate whose structure and local anchoring strength we vary by first evaluating an effective surface free energy function characterizing the patterned substrate we derive an expression for the effective free energy of the confined nematic liquid crystal then we determine phase diagrams involving a homogeneous state in which the nematic director is almost uniform and a hybrid aligned nematic state in which the orientation of the director varies through the cell direct minimization of the free energy functional were performed in order to test the predictions of the effective free energy method we find remarkably good agreement between the phase boundaries calculated from the two approaches in addition the effective energy method allows one to determine the energy barriers between two states in a bistable nematic device
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708.1997
Time and nonlocal realism: Consequences of the before-before experiment
It is argued that recent experiments refuting nonlocal realism, can also be considered as experiments refuting time-ordered nonlocality and, hence, confirming the result of the before-before experiment. However, the before-before experiment provides a broader refutation because it also falsifies the testable relativistic version of Bohm's nonlocal model. All this stresses the interest of a new before-before experiment demonstrating together the failure of time-ordered nonlocality and the violation of the Leggett's inequality.
quant-ph
it is argued that recent experiments refuting nonlocal realism can also be considered as experiments refuting timeordered nonlocality and hence confirming the result of the beforebefore experiment however the beforebefore experiment provides a broader refutation because it also falsifies the testable relativistic version of bohms nonlocal model all this stresses the interest of a new beforebefore experiment demonstrating together the failure of timeordered nonlocality and the violation of the leggetts inequality
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708.1998
Spectroscopy of the hot pulsating star Beta Cephei. Velocities and EWs from C,N,O and Si lines
Frequencies in oscillating $\beta$ Cephei stars are usually inferred by means of radial velocities measured from the SiIII triplet 4552-4574 A. These lines, relatively insensitive to the variation of Teff through a pulsation cycle, show small equivalent width variations. In this study we aimed to verify if the behavior of radial velocities and equivalent widths measured from other ions are compatible with the one observed from SiIII lines and than to verify the possible vertical stratification along the stellar atmosphere. For this reason we selected from our spectra a number of, unblended and well isolated, CII, NII and OII lines besides the famous SiIII triplet. All those lines cover the range in optical depth between -2.1 and -0.5. Unfortunately, we did not find any differences in the radial velocities behavior line-by-line and then we derived the frequency of the principal radial mode combining all the velocities derived from each spectral line separately. The inferred frequency was f1=5.249677+/-0.000007 c/d. Another important task we would like to accomplish with this paper is to make available to the community our large sample of spectroscopic data, that is 932 velocities and equivalent widths measured from our sample of C, N, O and Si lines. All the spectra were acquired at the 1-meter class telescope of the stellar station of the INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, in the period starting from July, the 27th 2005 to November, the 1st 2006.
astro-ph
frequencies in oscillating beta cephei stars are usually inferred by means of radial velocities measured from the siiii triplet 45524574 a these lines relatively insensitive to the variation of teff through a pulsation cycle show small equivalent width variations in this study we aimed to verify if the behavior of radial velocities and equivalent widths measured from other ions are compatible with the one observed from siiii lines and than to verify the possible vertical stratification along the stellar atmosphere for this reason we selected from our spectra a number of unblended and well isolated cii nii and oii lines besides the famous siiii triplet all those lines cover the range in optical depth between 21 and 05 unfortunately we did not find any differences in the radial velocities behavior linebyline and then we derived the frequency of the principal radial mode combining all the velocities derived from each spectral line separately the inferred frequency was f152496770000007 cd another important task we would like to accomplish with this paper is to make available to the community our large sample of spectroscopic data that is 932 velocities and equivalent widths measured from our sample of c n o and si lines all the spectra were acquired at the 1meter class telescope of the stellar station of the inaf osservatorio astrofisico di catania in the period starting from july the 27th 2005 to november the 1st 2006
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708.1999
Bi-Legendrian manifolds and paracontact geometry
We study the interplays between paracontact geometry and the theory of bi-Legendrian manifolds. We interpret the bi-Legendrian connection of a bi-Legendrian manifold M as the paracontact connection of a canonical paracontact structure induced on M and then we discuss many consequences of this result both for bi-Legendrian and for paracontact manifolds. Finally new classes of examples of paracontact manifolds are presented.
math.DG
we study the interplays between paracontact geometry and the theory of bilegendrian manifolds we interpret the bilegendrian connection of a bilegendrian manifold m as the paracontact connection of a canonical paracontact structure induced on m and then we discuss many consequences of this result both for bilegendrian and for paracontact manifolds finally new classes of examples of paracontact manifolds are presented
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708.2
Leptogenesis within a generalized quark-lepton symmetry
Quark-lepton symmetry has been shown to be inconsistent with baryogenesis via leptogenesis in natural schemes of the see-saw mechanism. Within the phenomenological approach of textures, we relax this strict symmetry and propose weaker conditions, namely models of the neutrino Dirac mass matrix $M_D$ which have the same hierarchy as the matrix elements of $M_u$. We call this guide-line generalized $hierarchical$ quark-lepton symmetry. We consider in detail particular cases in which the moduli of the matrix elements of $M_D$ are equal to those of $M_u$. Within the phenomenological approach of textures, we try for the heavy Majorana mass matrix diagonal and off-diagonal forms. We find that an ansatz for $M_D$ preserving the hierarchy, together with an off-diagonal model for the heavy Majorana neutrino mass, is consistent with neutrino masses, neutrino mixing and baryogenesis via leptogenesis for an intermediate mass scale $m_R \sim 10^{12}$ GeV. The preservation of the hierarchical structure could come from a possible symmetry scheme.
hep-ph
quarklepton symmetry has been shown to be inconsistent with baryogenesis via leptogenesis in natural schemes of the seesaw mechanism within the phenomenological approach of textures we relax this strict symmetry and propose weaker conditions namely models of the neutrino dirac mass matrix m_d which have the same hierarchy as the matrix elements of m_u we call this guideline generalized hierarchical quarklepton symmetry we consider in detail particular cases in which the moduli of the matrix elements of m_d are equal to those of m_u within the phenomenological approach of textures we try for the heavy majorana mass matrix diagonal and offdiagonal forms we find that an ansatz for m_d preserving the hierarchy together with an offdiagonal model for the heavy majorana neutrino mass is consistent with neutrino masses neutrino mixing and baryogenesis via leptogenesis for an intermediate mass scale m_r sim 1012 gev the preservation of the hierarchical structure could come from a possible symmetry scheme
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708.2001
Screening model for nanowire surface-charge sensors in liquid
The conductance change of nanowire field-effect transistors is considered a highly sensitive probe for surface charge. However, Debye screening of relevant physiological liquid environments challenge device performance due to competing screening from the ionic liquid and nanowire charge carriers. We discuss this effect within Thomas-Fermi and Debye-Huckel theory and derive analytical results for cylindrical wires which can be used to estimate the sensitivity of nanowire surface-charge sensors. We study the interplay between the nanowire radius, the Thomas-Fermi and Debye screening lengths, and the length of the functionalization molecules. The analytical results are compared to finite-element calculations on a realistic geometry.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.mes-hall
the conductance change of nanowire fieldeffect transistors is considered a highly sensitive probe for surface charge however debye screening of relevant physiological liquid environments challenge device performance due to competing screening from the ionic liquid and nanowire charge carriers we discuss this effect within thomasfermi and debyehuckel theory and derive analytical results for cylindrical wires which can be used to estimate the sensitivity of nanowire surfacecharge sensors we study the interplay between the nanowire radius the thomasfermi and debye screening lengths and the length of the functionalization molecules the analytical results are compared to finiteelement calculations on a realistic geometry
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708.2002
Measuring the Broad-band X-Ray Spectrum from 400 eV to 40 keV in the Southwest Part of the Supernova Remnant RX J1713.7-3946
We report on results from Suzaku broadband X-ray observations of the southwest part of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7-3946 with an energy coverage of 0.4-40 keV. The X-ray spectrum, presumably of synchrotron origin, is known to be completely lineless, making this SNR ideally suited for a detailed study of the X-ray spectral shape formed through efficient particle acceleration at high speed shocks. With a sensitive hard X-ray measurement from the HXD PIN on board Suzaku, we determine the hard X-ray spectrum in the 12--40 keV range to be described by a power law with photon index Gamma = 3.2+/- 0.2, significantly steeper than the soft X-ray index of Gamma = 2.4+/- 0.05 measured previously with ASCA and other missions. We find that a simple power law fails to describe the full spectral range of 0.4-40 keV and instead a power-law with an exponential cutoff with hard index Gamma = 1.50+/- 0.09 and high-energy cutoff epsilon_c = 1.2+/- 0.3 keV formally provides an excellent fit over the full bandpass. If we use the so-called SRCUT model, as an alternative model, it gives the best-fit rolloff energy of epsilon_{roll} = 0.95+/- 0.04 keV. Together with the TeV gamma-ray spectrum ranging from 0.3 to 100 TeV obtained recently by HESS observations, our Suzaku observations of RX J1713.7-3946 provide stringent constraints on the highest energy particles accelerated in a supernova shock.
astro-ph
we report on results from suzaku broadband xray observations of the southwest part of the galactic supernova remnant snr rx j171373946 with an energy coverage of 0440 kev the xray spectrum presumably of synchrotron origin is known to be completely lineless making this snr ideally suited for a detailed study of the xray spectral shape formed through efficient particle acceleration at high speed shocks with a sensitive hard xray measurement from the hxd pin on board suzaku we determine the hard xray spectrum in the 1240 kev range to be described by a power law with photon index gamma 32 02 significantly steeper than the soft xray index of gamma 24 005 measured previously with asca and other missions we find that a simple power law fails to describe the full spectral range of 0440 kev and instead a powerlaw with an exponential cutoff with hard index gamma 150 009 and highenergy cutoff epsilon_c 12 03 kev formally provides an excellent fit over the full bandpass if we use the socalled srcut model as an alternative model it gives the bestfit rolloff energy of epsilon_roll 095 004 kev together with the tev gammaray spectrum ranging from 03 to 100 tev obtained recently by hess observations our suzaku observations of rx j171373946 provide stringent constraints on the highest energy particles accelerated in a supernova shock
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708.2003
The logarithmic Sobolev inequality along the Ricci flow in dimension 2
In this paper we present our results on the logarithmic Sobolev inequality along the Ricci flow in dimension 2.
math.DG
in this paper we present our results on the logarithmic sobolev inequality along the ricci flow in dimension 2
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708.2004
Reply to `Can infrared gravitons screen $\Lambda$?'
We reply to the recent criticism by Garriga and Tanaka of our proposal that quantum gravitational loop corrections may lead to a secular screening of the effective cosmological constant. Their argument rests upon a renormalization scheme in which the composite operator $(R \sqrt{-g} - 4 \Lambda \sqrt{-g} )_{\rm ren}$ is defined to be the trace of the renormalized field equations. Although this is a peculiar prescription, we show that it {\it does not preclude secular screening}. Moreover, we show that a constant Ricci scalar {\it does not even classically} imply a constant expansion rate. Other important points are: (1) the quantity $R_{\rm ren}$ of Garriga and Tanaka is neither a properly defined composite operator, nor is it constant; (2) gauge dependence does not render a Green's function devoid of physical content; (3) scalar models on a non-dynamical de Sitter background (for which there is no gauge issue) can induce arbitrarily large secular contributions to the stress tensor; (4) the same secular corrections appear in observable quantities in quantum gravity; and (5) the prospects seem good for deriving a simple stochastic formulation of quantum gravity in which the leading secular effects can be summed and for which the expectation values of even complicated, gauge invariant operators can be computed at leading order.
hep-th astro-ph gr-qc
we reply to the recent criticism by garriga and tanaka of our proposal that quantum gravitational loop corrections may lead to a secular screening of the effective cosmological constant their argument rests upon a renormalization scheme in which the composite operator r sqrtg 4 lambda sqrtg _rm ren is defined to be the trace of the renormalized field equations although this is a peculiar prescription we show that it it does not preclude secular screening moreover we show that a constant ricci scalar it does not even classically imply a constant expansion rate other important points are 1 the quantity r_rm ren of garriga and tanaka is neither a properly defined composite operator nor is it constant 2 gauge dependence does not render a greens function devoid of physical content 3 scalar models on a nondynamical de sitter background for which there is no gauge issue can induce arbitrarily large secular contributions to the stress tensor 4 the same secular corrections appear in observable quantities in quantum gravity and 5 the prospects seem good for deriving a simple stochastic formulation of quantum gravity in which the leading secular effects can be summed and for which the expectation values of even complicated gauge invariant operators can be computed at leading order
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708.2005
The logarithmic Sobolev inequality along the Ricci flow: the case $\lambda_0(g_0)=0$
We extend our previous results on the logarithmic Sobolev inequality along the Ricci flow in the case $\lambda_0(g_0)>0$ to the case $\lambda_0(g_0)=0$.
math.DG
we extend our previous results on the logarithmic sobolev inequality along the ricci flow in the case lambda_0g_00 to the case lambda_0g_00
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708.2006
Search for B0 -> rho0rho0 and Non-Resonant B0 -> 4pi Decays
We search for the decay B0 -> rho0rho0 and other possible charmless modes with a pi+pi-pi+pi- final state, including B0 -> rho0f0(980), B0 -> f0(980)f0(980), B0 -> f0(980)pipi, B0 -> rho0pipi and non-resonant B0 -> 4pi. These results are obtained from a data sample containing 520 x 10^6 BBar pairs collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. We measure a branching fraction of (0.9 +/- 0.4^{+0.3}_{-0.4}) x 10^{-6}, or B(B0 -> rho0rho0) < 1.6 x 10^{-6} at the 90% confidence level. The significance including systematic uncertainties is 1.8\sigma. These values correspond to the final state being longitudinally polarized. We also measure the branching fraction of non-resonant B0 -> 4pi decay to be (10.2 +/- 4.7^{+2.3}_{-1.5}) x 10^{-6} with 2.1\sigma significance, and set the 90% confidence level upper limit B(B0 -> 4pi) < 17.3 x 10^{-6}. For the other related decays, B0 -> rho0f0(980), B0 -> f0(980)f0(980), B0 -> f0(980)pipi and B0 -> rho0pipi, no significant signals are observed and upper limits on the branching fractions are set.
hep-ex
we search for the decay b0 rho0rho0 and other possible charmless modes with a pipipipi final state including b0 rho0f0980 b0 f0980f0980 b0 f0980pipi b0 rho0pipi and nonresonant b0 4pi these results are obtained from a data sample containing 520 x 106 bbar pairs collected by the belle detector at the kekb asymmetricenergy ee collider we measure a branching fraction of 09 0403_04 x 106 or bb0 rho0rho0 16 x 106 at the 90 confidence level the significance including systematic uncertainties is 18sigma these values correspond to the final state being longitudinally polarized we also measure the branching fraction of nonresonant b0 4pi decay to be 102 4723_15 x 106 with 21sigma significance and set the 90 confidence level upper limit bb0 4pi 173 x 106 for the other related decays b0 rho0f0980 b0 f0980f0980 b0 f0980pipi and b0 rho0pipi no significant signals are observed and upper limits on the branching fractions are set
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708.2007
Textures with two traceless submatrices of the neutrino mass matrix
We propose a new texture for the light neutrino mass matrix. The proposal is based upon imposing zero-trace condition on the two by two sub-matrices of the complex symmetric Majorana mass matrix in the flavor basis where the charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal. Restricting the mass matrix to have two traceless sub-matrices may be found sufficient to describe the current data. Eight out of fifteen independent possible cases are found to be compatible with current data. Numerical and some approximate analytical results are presented.
hep-ph
we propose a new texture for the light neutrino mass matrix the proposal is based upon imposing zerotrace condition on the two by two submatrices of the complex symmetric majorana mass matrix in the flavor basis where the charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal restricting the mass matrix to have two traceless submatrices may be found sufficient to describe the current data eight out of fifteen independent possible cases are found to be compatible with current data numerical and some approximate analytical results are presented
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708.2008
The Log Entropy Functional Along the Ricci Flow
In this paper we introduce the log entropy functional and establish its monotonicity along the Ricci flow. One consequence of it is the monotonicity of the logarithmic Sobolev constant along the Ricci flow.
math.DG
in this paper we introduce the log entropy functional and establish its monotonicity along the ricci flow one consequence of it is the monotonicity of the logarithmic sobolev constant along the ricci flow
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708.2009
Quantum condensation from a tailored exciton population in a microcavity
An experiment is proposed, on the coherent quantum dynamics of a semiconductor microcavity containing quantum dots. Modeling the experiment using a generalized Dicke model, we show that a tailored excitation pulse can create an energy-dependent population of excitons, which subsequently evolves to a quantum condensate of excitons and photons. The population is created by a generalization of adiabatic rapid passage, and then condenses due to a dynamical analog of the BCS instability.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con
an experiment is proposed on the coherent quantum dynamics of a semiconductor microcavity containing quantum dots modeling the experiment using a generalized dicke model we show that a tailored excitation pulse can create an energydependent population of excitons which subsequently evolves to a quantum condensate of excitons and photons the population is created by a generalization of adiabatic rapid passage and then condenses due to a dynamical analog of the bcs instability
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708.201
A search for solar-like oscillations in K giants in the globular cluster M4
To expand the range in the colour-magnitude diagram where asteroseismology can be applied, we organized a photometry campaign to find evidence for solar-like oscillations in giant stars in the globular cluster M4. The aim was to detect the comb-like p-mode structure characteristic for solar-like oscillations in the amplitude spectra. The two dozen main target stars are in the region of the bump stars and have luminosities in the range 50-140 Lsun. We collected 6160 CCD frames and light curves for about 14000 stars were extracted. We obtain high quality light curves for the K giants, but no clear oscillation signal is detected. High precision differential photometry is possible even in very crowded regions like the core of M4. Solar-like oscillations are probably present in K giants, but the amplitudes are lower than classical scaling laws predict.
astro-ph
to expand the range in the colourmagnitude diagram where asteroseismology can be applied we organized a photometry campaign to find evidence for solarlike oscillations in giant stars in the globular cluster m4 the aim was to detect the comblike pmode structure characteristic for solarlike oscillations in the amplitude spectra the two dozen main target stars are in the region of the bump stars and have luminosities in the range 50140 lsun we collected 6160 ccd frames and light curves for about 14000 stars were extracted we obtain high quality light curves for the k giants but no clear oscillation signal is detected high precision differential photometry is possible even in very crowded regions like the core of m4 solarlike oscillations are probably present in k giants but the amplitudes are lower than classical scaling laws predict
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708.2011
Well-posedness and scattering for the KP-II equation in a critical space
The Cauchy problem for the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-II equation (u_t+u_{xxx}+uu_x)_x+u_{yy}=0 is considered. A small data global well-posedness and scattering result in the scale invariant, non-isotropic, homogeneous Sobolev space \dot H^{-1/2,0}(R^2) is derived. Additionally, it is proved that for arbitrarily large initial data the Cauchy problem is locally well-posed in the homogeneous space \dot H^{-1/2,0}(R^2) and in the inhomogeneous space H^{-1/2,0}(R^2), respectively.
math.AP
the cauchy problem for the kadomtsevpetviashviliii equation u_tu_xxxuu_x_xu_yy0 is considered a small data global wellposedness and scattering result in the scale invariant nonisotropic homogeneous sobolev space dot h120r2 is derived additionally it is proved that for arbitrarily large initial data the cauchy problem is locally wellposed in the homogeneous space dot h120r2 and in the inhomogeneous space h120r2 respectively
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708.2012
Relic Radiation from an Evaporating Black Hole
We present a non-string-theoretic calculation of the microcanonical entropy of relic integer-spin Hawking radiation -- at fixed total energy $E$. The only conserved macroscopic quantity is the total energy $E$ (the total energy of the relic radiation). Data for a boundary-value approach, with massless, integer-spin perturbations, are set on initial and final space-like hypersurfaces. In the resulting 1-dimensional statistical-mechanics problem, the real part of the (complex) time separation at spatial infinity, $T = {\mid}T{\mid}\exp(-i\delta), \delta >0$, is the variable conjugate to the total energy. We count the number of weak-field configurations on the final space-like hypersurface with energy $E$. One recovers the Cardy formula and the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, if Re(T) is of the order of the black-hole life- time, leading to a statistical interpretation of black-hole entropy. The microcanonical entropy includes a logarithmic correction to the black-hole area law, which is {\it universal} (independent of black-hole parameters). Here, the discreteness of the energy levels is crucial. This approach is compared with that of string theory for the transition to the fundamental-string r\'egime in the final stages of evaporation. The squared coupling, $g^2$, regulating the transition to a highly-excited string state and {\it vice versa}, can be related to the angle, $\delta$, of complex-time rotation above. The strong-coupling r\'egime corresponds to a Euclidean black hole, while the physical limit of a Lorentzian space-time (as $ \delta \to 0_+$) corresponds to the weak-coupling r\'egime. This resembles the transition to a highly-excited string-like state which subsequently decays into massless particles, thereby avoiding the naked singularity.
hep-th
we present a nonstringtheoretic calculation of the microcanonical entropy of relic integerspin hawking radiation at fixed total energy e the only conserved macroscopic quantity is the total energy e the total energy of the relic radiation data for a boundaryvalue approach with massless integerspin perturbations are set on initial and final spacelike hypersurfaces in the resulting 1dimensional statisticalmechanics problem the real part of the complex time separation at spatial infinity t midtmidexpidelta delta 0 is the variable conjugate to the total energy we count the number of weakfield configurations on the final spacelike hypersurface with energy e one recovers the cardy formula and the bekensteinhawking entropy if ret is of the order of the blackhole life time leading to a statistical interpretation of blackhole entropy the microcanonical entropy includes a logarithmic correction to the blackhole area law which is it universal independent of blackhole parameters here the discreteness of the energy levels is crucial this approach is compared with that of string theory for the transition to the fundamentalstring regime in the final stages of evaporation the squared coupling g2 regulating the transition to a highlyexcited string state and it vice versa can be related to the angle delta of complextime rotation above the strongcoupling regime corresponds to a euclidean black hole while the physical limit of a lorentzian spacetime as delta to 0_ corresponds to the weakcoupling regime this resembles the transition to a highlyexcited stringlike state which subsequently decays into massless particles thereby avoiding the naked singularity
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708.2013
Quantum amplitudes in black-hole evaporation: Spins 1 and 2
Quantum amplitudes for $s=1$ at Maxwell fields and for $s=2$ linearised gravitational wave perturbations of a spherically symmetric Einstein/massless scalar background, describing gravitational collapse to a black hole, are treated by analogy with a previous treatment of $s=0$ scalar-field perturbations of gravitational collapse at late times. In both the $s=1$ and $s=2$ cases, we isolate suitable 'co-ordinate' variables which can be taken as boundary data on a final space-like hypersurface $\Sigma_F$. For simplicity, we take the data on an initial pre-collapse surface $\Sigma_I$ to be exactly spherically symmetric. The (large) Lorentzian proper-time interval between $\Sigma_{I}, \Sigma_{F}$, measured at spatial infinity, is denoted by $T$. The complexified classical boundary-value problem is expected to be well-posed, provide that the time interval $T$ has been rotated into the complex: $T\to{\mid}T{\mid}\exp(-i\theta)$, for $0<\theta\leq{\pi}/2$. We calculate the second-variation classical Lorenztian action $S ^{(2)}_{\rm class}$. Following Feynman, we recover the Lorentzian quantum amplitude by taking the limit as $\theta\to 0_+$ of the semi-classical amplitude $\exp(iS^{(2)}_{\rm class})$. The boundary data for $ s=1$ involve the Maxwell magnetic field; the data for $s=2$ involve the magnetic part of the Weyl curvature tensor. The magnetic boundary conditions are related to each other and to the natural $s={1 \over 2}$ boundary conditions by supersymmetry.
gr-qc
quantum amplitudes for s1 at maxwell fields and for s2 linearised gravitational wave perturbations of a spherically symmetric einsteinmassless scalar background describing gravitational collapse to a black hole are treated by analogy with a previous treatment of s0 scalarfield perturbations of gravitational collapse at late times in both the s1 and s2 cases we isolate suitable coordinate variables which can be taken as boundary data on a final spacelike hypersurface sigma_f for simplicity we take the data on an initial precollapse surface sigma_i to be exactly spherically symmetric the large lorentzian propertime interval between sigma_i sigma_f measured at spatial infinity is denoted by t the complexified classical boundaryvalue problem is expected to be wellposed provide that the time interval t has been rotated into the complex ttomidtmidexpitheta for 0thetaleqpi2 we calculate the secondvariation classical lorenztian action s 2_rm class following feynman we recover the lorentzian quantum amplitude by taking the limit as thetato 0_ of the semiclassical amplitude expis2_rm class the boundary data for s1 involve the maxwell magnetic field the data for s2 involve the magnetic part of the weyl curvature tensor the magnetic boundary conditions are related to each other and to the natural s1 over 2 boundary conditions by supersymmetry
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708.2014
Measurement of the Slope Parameter for the eta->3pi0 Decay in the pp->pp eta Reaction
The CELSIUS/WASA setup is used to measure the 3pi0 decay of eta mesons produced in pp interactions with beam kinetic energies of 1.36 and 1.45 GeV. The efficiency-corrected Dalitz plot and density distributions for this decay are shown, together with a fit of the quadratic slope parameter alpha yielding alpha = -0.026 +/- 0.010(stat) +/- 0.010(syst). This value is compared to recent experimental results and theoretical predictions.
nucl-ex
the celsiuswasa setup is used to measure the 3pi0 decay of eta mesons produced in pp interactions with beam kinetic energies of 136 and 145 gev the efficiencycorrected dalitz plot and density distributions for this decay are shown together with a fit of the quadratic slope parameter alpha yielding alpha 0026 0010stat 0010syst this value is compared to recent experimental results and theoretical predictions
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708.2015
Motion in Brane World Models: The Bazanski Approach
Recently, path equations have been obtained for charged, spinning objects in brane world models, using a modified Bazanski Lagrangian. In this study, path deviation equations of extended objects are derived. The significance of moving extended objects in brane world models is examined. Motion in non- symmetric brane world models is also considered.
gr-qc hep-th
recently path equations have been obtained for charged spinning objects in brane world models using a modified bazanski lagrangian in this study path deviation equations of extended objects are derived the significance of moving extended objects in brane world models is examined motion in non symmetric brane world models is also considered
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708.2016
Higgs Particle: The Origin of Mass
The Higgs particle is a new elementary particle predicted in the Standard Model of the elementary particle physics. It plays a special role in the theory of mass generation of quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons. In this article, theoretical issues on the Higgs mechanism are first discussed, and then experimental prospects on the Higgs particle study at the future collider experiments, LHC and ILC, are reviewed. The Higgs coupling determination is an essential step to establish the mass generation mechanism, which could lead to a deeper understanding of particle physics.
hep-ph
the higgs particle is a new elementary particle predicted in the standard model of the elementary particle physics it plays a special role in the theory of mass generation of quarks leptons and gauge bosons in this article theoretical issues on the higgs mechanism are first discussed and then experimental prospects on the higgs particle study at the future collider experiments lhc and ilc are reviewed the higgs coupling determination is an essential step to establish the mass generation mechanism which could lead to a deeper understanding of particle physics
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708.2017
Photoelectron spectra of anionic sodium clusters from time-dependent density-functional theory in real-time
We calculate the excitation energies of small neutral sodium clusters in the framework of time-dependent density-functional theory. In the presented calculations, we extract these energies from the power spectra of the dipole and quadrupole signals that result from a real-time and real-space propagation. For comparison with measured photoelectron spectra, we use the ionic configurations of the corresponding single-charged anions. Our calculations clearly improve on earlier results for photoelectron spectra obtained from static Kohn-Sham eigenvalues.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we calculate the excitation energies of small neutral sodium clusters in the framework of timedependent densityfunctional theory in the presented calculations we extract these energies from the power spectra of the dipole and quadrupole signals that result from a realtime and realspace propagation for comparison with measured photoelectron spectra we use the ionic configurations of the corresponding singlecharged anions our calculations clearly improve on earlier results for photoelectron spectra obtained from static kohnsham eigenvalues
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708.2018
Quantum amplitudes in black-hole evaporation: coherent and squeezed states
The quantum amplitude for processes involving the formation and evaporation of black holes was previously calculated by means of a complex-time approach. In that treatment, we followed Feynman's $+i\epsilon$ approach in quantum field theory. The Lorentzian time interval $T$, measured at spatial infinity between a pair of asymptotically flat spacelike hypersurfaces $\Sigma_I$ and $\Sigma_F$ carrying initial and final boundary data for the gravitational and other fields, is rotated: $T\to{\mid}T{\mid}\exp(-i\delta)$, where $0< \delta \leq{\pi}/2$. Classically and quantum mechanically, this procedure is expected to lead to a well-posed boundary-value problem. Thus, we have found quantum amplitudes (not just probability densities) relating to a pure state at late times following gravitational collapse of matter to a black hole. Such pure states, arising from gravitational collapse, admit a description in terms of coherent and squeezed states. Indeed, this description is not so different from that arising in a well-known context, namely, the highly-squeezed final state of the relic radiation background in inflationary cosmology. For definiteness, we study the simplest model of collapse, based on Einstein gravity with a massless scalar field. Following the complex rotation above, one finds that, in an adiabatic approximation, the resulting quantum amplitude may be expressed in terms of generalized coherent states of the harmonic oscillator. A physical interpretation is given; further, a squeezed-state representation follows.
gr-qc
the quantum amplitude for processes involving the formation and evaporation of black holes was previously calculated by means of a complextime approach in that treatment we followed feynmans iepsilon approach in quantum field theory the lorentzian time interval t measured at spatial infinity between a pair of asymptotically flat spacelike hypersurfaces sigma_i and sigma_f carrying initial and final boundary data for the gravitational and other fields is rotated ttomidtmidexpidelta where 0 delta leqpi2 classically and quantum mechanically this procedure is expected to lead to a wellposed boundaryvalue problem thus we have found quantum amplitudes not just probability densities relating to a pure state at late times following gravitational collapse of matter to a black hole such pure states arising from gravitational collapse admit a description in terms of coherent and squeezed states indeed this description is not so different from that arising in a wellknown context namely the highlysqueezed final state of the relic radiation background in inflationary cosmology for definiteness we study the simplest model of collapse based on einstein gravity with a massless scalar field following the complex rotation above one finds that in an adiabatic approximation the resulting quantum amplitude may be expressed in terms of generalized coherent states of the harmonic oscillator a physical interpretation is given further a squeezedstate representation follows
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708.2019
Giant optical Faraday rotation induced by a single electron spin in a quantum dot: Applications to entangling remote spins via a single photon
We propose a quantum non-demolition method - giant Faraday rotation - to detect a single electron spin in a quantum dot inside a microcavity where negatively-charged exciton strongly couples to the cavity mode. Left- and right-circularly polarized light reflected from the cavity feels different phase shifts due to cavity quantum electrodynamics and the optical spin selection rule. This yields giant and tunable Faraday rotation which can be easily detected experimentally. Based on this spin-detection technique, a scalable scheme to create an arbitrary amount of entanglement between two or more remote spins via a single photon is proposed.
quant-ph cond-mat.other
we propose a quantum nondemolition method giant faraday rotation to detect a single electron spin in a quantum dot inside a microcavity where negativelycharged exciton strongly couples to the cavity mode left and rightcircularly polarized light reflected from the cavity feels different phase shifts due to cavity quantum electrodynamics and the optical spin selection rule this yields giant and tunable faraday rotation which can be easily detected experimentally based on this spindetection technique a scalable scheme to create an arbitrary amount of entanglement between two or more remote spins via a single photon is proposed
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708.202
Models with time-dependent parameters using transform methods: application to Heston's model
This paper presents a methodology to introduce time-dependent parameters for a wide family of models preserving their analytic tractability. This family includes hybrid models with stochastic volatility, stochastic interest-rates, jumps and their non-hybrid counterparts. The methodology is applied to Heston's model. A bootstrapping algorithm is presented for calibration. A case study works out the calibration of the time-dependent parameters to the volatility surface of the Eurostoxx 50 index. The methodology is also applied to the analytic valuation of forward start vanilla options driven by Heston's model. This result is used to explore the forward skew of the case study.
q-fin.PR math.PR stat.ME
this paper presents a methodology to introduce timedependent parameters for a wide family of models preserving their analytic tractability this family includes hybrid models with stochastic volatility stochastic interestrates jumps and their nonhybrid counterparts the methodology is applied to hestons model a bootstrapping algorithm is presented for calibration a case study works out the calibration of the timedependent parameters to the volatility surface of the eurostoxx 50 index the methodology is also applied to the analytic valuation of forward start vanilla options driven by hestons model this result is used to explore the forward skew of the case study
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708.2021
Who is the best connected EC researcher? Centrality analysis of the complex network of authors in evolutionary computation
Co-authorship graphs (that is, the graph of authors linked by co-authorship of papers) are complex networks, which expresses the dynamics of a complex system. Only recently its study has started to draw interest from the EC community, the first paper dealing with it having been published two years ago. In this paper we will study the co-authorship network of EC at a microscopic level. Our objective is ascertaining which are the most relevant nodes (i.e. authors) in it. For this purpose, we examine several metrics defined in the complex-network literature, and analyze them both in isolation and combined within a Pareto-dominance approach. The result of our analysis indicates that there are some well-known researchers that appear systematically in top rankings. This also provides some hints on the social behavior of our community.
cs.CY cs.NE
coauthorship graphs that is the graph of authors linked by coauthorship of papers are complex networks which expresses the dynamics of a complex system only recently its study has started to draw interest from the ec community the first paper dealing with it having been published two years ago in this paper we will study the coauthorship network of ec at a microscopic level our objective is ascertaining which are the most relevant nodes ie authors in it for this purpose we examine several metrics defined in the complexnetwork literature and analyze them both in isolation and combined within a paretodominance approach the result of our analysis indicates that there are some wellknown researchers that appear systematically in top rankings this also provides some hints on the social behavior of our community
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708.2022
p-adic Monodromy of the Universal Deformation of a HW-cyclic Barsotti-Tate Group
Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$, and $G_0$ be a Barsotti-Tate group (or $p$-divisible group) over k. We denote by $S$ the "algebraic" local moduli in characteristic p of $G_0$, by $G$ the universal deformation of $G_0$ over $S$, and by $U\subset S$ the ordinary locus of $G$. The etale part of $G$ over $U$ gives rise to a monodromy representation $\rho$ of the fundamental group of $U$ on the Tate module of $G$. Motivated by a famous theorem of Igusa, we prove in this article that $\rho$ is surjective if $G_0$ is connected and HW-cyclic. This latter condition is equivalent to that Oort's $a$-number of $G_0$ equals 1, and it is satisfied by all connected one-dimensional Barsotti-Tate groups over $k$.
math.AG
let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p0 and g_0 be a barsottitate group or pdivisible group over k we denote by s the algebraic local moduli in characteristic p of g_0 by g the universal deformation of g_0 over s and by usubset s the ordinary locus of g the etale part of g over u gives rise to a monodromy representation rho of the fundamental group of u on the tate module of g motivated by a famous theorem of igusa we prove in this article that rho is surjective if g_0 is connected and hwcyclic this latter condition is equivalent to that oorts anumber of g_0 equals 1 and it is satisfied by all connected onedimensional barsottitate groups over k
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708.2023
Nonantagonistic noisy duels of discrete type with an arbitrary number of actions
We study a nonzero-sum game of two players which is a generalization of the antagonistic noisy duel of discrete type. The game is considered from the point of view of various criterions of optimality. We prove existence of epsilon-equilibrium situations and show that the epsilon-equilibrium strategies that we have found are epsilon-maxmin. Conditions under which the equilibrium plays are Pareto-optimal are given. Keywords: noisy duel, payoff function, strategy, equilibrium situation, Pareto optimality, the value of a game.
math.OC cs.GT math.PR
we study a nonzerosum game of two players which is a generalization of the antagonistic noisy duel of discrete type the game is considered from the point of view of various criterions of optimality we prove existence of epsilonequilibrium situations and show that the epsilonequilibrium strategies that we have found are epsilonmaxmin conditions under which the equilibrium plays are paretooptimal are given keywords noisy duel payoff function strategy equilibrium situation pareto optimality the value of a game
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708.2024
Commentary on: "Unconventional elasticity in smectic-A elastomers" by O. Stenull and T.C. Lubensky
The reorientation behaviour of a smectic-A (SmA) elastomer deformed parallel to the smectic layer normal has been interpreted as a Sm-C like transition by Stenull and Lubensky. Experiments, however, prove that such a transition does not occur.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.mtrl-sci
the reorientation behaviour of a smectica sma elastomer deformed parallel to the smectic layer normal has been interpreted as a smc like transition by stenull and lubensky experiments however prove that such a transition does not occur
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708.2025
Effects of selective dilution on the magnetic properties of La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}Mn_{1-x}M'_xO_3 (M' = Al, Ti)
The magnetic lattice of mixed-valence Mn ions in La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_{3}$ is selectively diluted by partial substitution of Al or Ti for Mn. The ferromagnetic transition temperature $T_\mathrm{c}$ and the saturation magnetization $M_\mathrm{s}$ both decrease with substitution. By presenting the data in terms of selective dilution, $T_\mathrm{c}$ in the low-doping region is found to follow the relation $T_\mathrm{c}=T_\mathrm{c0}(1-n_\mathrm{p})$, where $T_\mathrm{c0}$ refers to the undiluted system and $n_\mathrm{p}$ is the dilution concentration defined as $n_\mathrm{p}=x/0.7$ or $n_\mathrm{p}=x/0.3$ for $M^\prime=$ Al or Ti, respectively. The scaling behavior of $T_\mathrm{c}(n_\mathrm{p})$ can be analyzed in the framework of the molecular-field theory and still valid when Mn is substituted by both Al and Ti. The results are discussed with respect to the contributions from ferromagnetic double exchange and other possible antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions coexisting in the material.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.str-el
the magnetic lattice of mixedvalence mn ions in la_07sr_03mno_3 is selectively diluted by partial substitution of al or ti for mn the ferromagnetic transition temperature t_mathrmc and the saturation magnetization m_mathrms both decrease with substitution by presenting the data in terms of selective dilution t_mathrmc in the lowdoping region is found to follow the relation t_mathrmct_mathrmc01n_mathrmp where t_mathrmc0 refers to the undiluted system and n_mathrmp is the dilution concentration defined as n_mathrmpx07 or n_mathrmpx03 for mprime al or ti respectively the scaling behavior of t_mathrmcn_mathrmp can be analyzed in the framework of the molecularfield theory and still valid when mn is substituted by both al and ti the results are discussed with respect to the contributions from ferromagnetic double exchange and other possible antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions coexisting in the material
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708.2026
Derivative of BICM Mutual Information
In this letter we determine the derivative of the mutual information corresponding to bit-interleaved coded modulation systems. The derivative follows as a linear combination of minimum-mean-squared error functions of coded modulation sets. The result finds applications to the analysis of communications systems in the wideband regime and to the design of power allocation over parallel channels.
cs.IT math.IT
in this letter we determine the derivative of the mutual information corresponding to bitinterleaved coded modulation systems the derivative follows as a linear combination of minimummeansquared error functions of coded modulation sets the result finds applications to the analysis of communications systems in the wideband regime and to the design of power allocation over parallel channels
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708.2027
Optical Birefringence and Domain Structure of the as-grown Rb2xTl2(1-x)Cd2(SO4)3 Solid Solutions at Phase Transitions
It is shown that the as-grown solid solutions Tl2xRb2(1-x)Cd2(SO4)3 possess a residual optical birefringence in the cubic phase at room temperature. The existence of both the residual birefringence and the residual domain structure in the compound with x=0.8 at the room temperature, along with the domain walls orientation and the orientation of extinction positions of the neighbouring domains, indicate that the above domain structure corresponds to "forbidden" ferroelastic domains of the phase P212121. On the basis of measurements for the temperature variation of the birefringence and observations of the domain structure transformations, one can conclude that the phases with the symmetries P213 and P21 coexist above Tc1 in the compounds with x = 0.7 - 1.0. The phase transition temperatures Tc1, Tc2, and Tc3 obtained from the temperature birefringence variations agree well with those obtained previously, using the studies of thermal expansion and ultrasonic wave velocities.
cond-mat.other
it is shown that the asgrown solid solutions tl2xrb21xcd2so43 possess a residual optical birefringence in the cubic phase at room temperature the existence of both the residual birefringence and the residual domain structure in the compound with x08 at the room temperature along with the domain walls orientation and the orientation of extinction positions of the neighbouring domains indicate that the above domain structure corresponds to forbidden ferroelastic domains of the phase p212121 on the basis of measurements for the temperature variation of the birefringence and observations of the domain structure transformations one can conclude that the phases with the symmetries p213 and p21 coexist above tc1 in the compounds with x 07 10 the phase transition temperatures tc1 tc2 and tc3 obtained from the temperature birefringence variations agree well with those obtained previously using the studies of thermal expansion and ultrasonic wave velocities
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708.2028
Studies of Optical Damage in Photorefractive Single LiNbO3 Crystals using Imaging Polarimetry
The optical damage of photorefractive material, single LiNbO3 crystal, is experimentally studied. The specimen has been illuminated with the radiation of continuous Ar-laser (the wavelength of 488 nm) focused to 35?m spot. The induced birefringence map is obtained by means of imaging polarimeter. Promising resources of the experimental setup for detecting laser-induced damage in photorefractive materials is demonstrated.
physics.gen-ph physics.optics
the optical damage of photorefractive material single linbo3 crystal is experimentally studied the specimen has been illuminated with the radiation of continuous arlaser the wavelength of 488 nm focused to 35m spot the induced birefringence map is obtained by means of imaging polarimeter promising resources of the experimental setup for detecting laserinduced damage in photorefractive materials is demonstrated
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708.2029
Curvature flows on four manifolds with boundary
Given a compact four dimensional smooth Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ with smooth boundary, we consider the evolution equation by $Q$-curvature in the interior keeping the $T$-curvature and the mean curvature to be zero and the evolution equation by $T$-curvature at the boundary with the condition that the $Q$-curvature and the mean curvature vanish. Using integral method, we prove global existence and convergence for the $Q$-curvature flow (resp $T$-curvature flow) to smooth metric of prescribed $Q$-curvature (resp $T$-curvature) under conformally invariant assumptions.
math.AP math.DG
given a compact four dimensional smooth riemannian manifold mg with smooth boundary we consider the evolution equation by qcurvature in the interior keeping the tcurvature and the mean curvature to be zero and the evolution equation by tcurvature at the boundary with the condition that the qcurvature and the mean curvature vanish using integral method we prove global existence and convergence for the qcurvature flow resp tcurvature flow to smooth metric of prescribed qcurvature resp tcurvature under conformally invariant assumptions
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708.203
Constraints on non-thermal Dark Matter from Planck lensing extraction
Distortions of CMB temperature and polarization anisotropy maps caused by gravitational lensing, observable with high angular resolution and sensitivity, can be used to constrain the sterile neutrino mass, offering several advantages against the analysis based on the combination of CMB, LSS and Ly\alpha forest power spectra. As the gravitational lensing effect depends on the matter distribution, no assumption on light-to-mass bias is required. In addition, unlike the galaxy clustering and Ly\alpha forest power spectra, the projected gravitational potential power spectrum probes a larger range of angular scales, the non-linear corrections being required only at very small scales. Taking into account the changes in the time-temperature relation of the primordial plasma and the modification of the neutrino thermal potential, we compute the projected gravitational potential power spectrum and its correlation with the temperature in the presence of DM sterile neutrino. We show that the cosmological parameters are generally not biased when DM sterile neutrino is included. From this analysis we found a lower limit on DM sterile neutrino mass m_s >2.08 keV at 95% CL, consistent with the lower mass limit obtained from the combined analysis of CMB, SDSS 3D power spectrum and SDSS Ly\alpha forest power spectrum ($m_{\nu_s}>1.7$ keV). We conclude that although the information that can be obtained from lensing extraction is rather limited due to the high level of the lensing noise of Planck experiment, weak lensing of CMB offers a valuable alternative to constrain the dark matter sterile neutrino mass.
astro-ph
distortions of cmb temperature and polarization anisotropy maps caused by gravitational lensing observable with high angular resolution and sensitivity can be used to constrain the sterile neutrino mass offering several advantages against the analysis based on the combination of cmb lss and lyalpha forest power spectra as the gravitational lensing effect depends on the matter distribution no assumption on lighttomass bias is required in addition unlike the galaxy clustering and lyalpha forest power spectra the projected gravitational potential power spectrum probes a larger range of angular scales the nonlinear corrections being required only at very small scales taking into account the changes in the timetemperature relation of the primordial plasma and the modification of the neutrino thermal potential we compute the projected gravitational potential power spectrum and its correlation with the temperature in the presence of dm sterile neutrino we show that the cosmological parameters are generally not biased when dm sterile neutrino is included from this analysis we found a lower limit on dm sterile neutrino mass m_s 208 kev at 95 cl consistent with the lower mass limit obtained from the combined analysis of cmb sdss 3d power spectrum and sdss lyalpha forest power spectrum m_nu_s17 kev we conclude that although the information that can be obtained from lensing extraction is rather limited due to the high level of the lensing noise of planck experiment weak lensing of cmb offers a valuable alternative to constrain the dark matter sterile neutrino mass
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708.2031
"Dark galaxies" and local very metal-poor gas-rich galaxies: possible interrelations
There are only a few ``dark galaxy'' candidates discovered to date in the local Universe. One of the most prominent of them is the SW component of a merging system HI 1225+01. On the other hand, the number of known very metal-poor gas-rich dwarfs similar to IZw18 and SBS 0335-052 E,W has grown drastically during the last decade, from a dozen and a half to about five dozen. Many of them are very gas-rich, having from ~90 to 99% of all baryons in gas. For some of such objects that have the deep photometry data, no evidences for the light of old stars are found. At least a half of such galaxies with the prominent starbursts have various evidences of interactions, including advanced mergers. This suggests that a fraction of this group objects can be a kind of very stable protogalaxies (or ``dark galaxies''), which have recently experienced strong disturbances from nearby massive galaxy-size bodies. Such a collision caused the gas instabilities and its collapse with the subsequent onset of starburst. We briefly discuss the morphology and gas kinematics for the subsample of the most metal-poor dwarfs that illustrate this picture. We discuss also the relation of these rare galaxies to the processes by which ``dark galaxies'' can occasionally transform to optically visible galaxies.
astro-ph
there are only a few dark galaxy candidates discovered to date in the local universe one of the most prominent of them is the sw component of a merging system hi 122501 on the other hand the number of known very metalpoor gasrich dwarfs similar to izw18 and sbs 0335052 ew has grown drastically during the last decade from a dozen and a half to about five dozen many of them are very gasrich having from 90 to 99 of all baryons in gas for some of such objects that have the deep photometry data no evidences for the light of old stars are found at least a half of such galaxies with the prominent starbursts have various evidences of interactions including advanced mergers this suggests that a fraction of this group objects can be a kind of very stable protogalaxies or dark galaxies which have recently experienced strong disturbances from nearby massive galaxysize bodies such a collision caused the gas instabilities and its collapse with the subsequent onset of starburst we briefly discuss the morphology and gas kinematics for the subsample of the most metalpoor dwarfs that illustrate this picture we discuss also the relation of these rare galaxies to the processes by which dark galaxies can occasionally transform to optically visible galaxies
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708.2032
Influence of magnetic field offsets on the resistance of magnetic barriers in two-dimensional electron gases
Magnetic barriers in two-dimensional electron gases are shifted in B space by homogeneous, perpendicular magnetic fields. The magnetoresistance across the barrier shows a characteristic asymmetric dip in the regime where the polarity of the homogeneous magnetic field is opposite to that one of the magnetic barrier. The measurements are in quantitative agreement with semiclassical simulations, which reveal that the magnetoresistance originates from the interplay of snake orbits with E x B drift at the edges of the Hall bar and with elastic scattering.
cond-mat.mes-hall
magnetic barriers in twodimensional electron gases are shifted in b space by homogeneous perpendicular magnetic fields the magnetoresistance across the barrier shows a characteristic asymmetric dip in the regime where the polarity of the homogeneous magnetic field is opposite to that one of the magnetic barrier the measurements are in quantitative agreement with semiclassical simulations which reveal that the magnetoresistance originates from the interplay of snake orbits with e x b drift at the edges of the hall bar and with elastic scattering
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708.2033
Ground-state triply and doubly heavy baryons in a relativistic three-quark model
Mass spectra of the ground-state baryons consisting of three or two heavy (b or c) and one light (u,d,s) quarks are calculated in the framework of the relativistic quark model and the hyperspherical expansion. The predictions of masses of the triply and doubly heavy baryons are obtained by employing the perturbation theory for the spin-independent and spin-dependent parts of the three-quark Hamiltonian.
hep-ph
mass spectra of the groundstate baryons consisting of three or two heavy b or c and one light uds quarks are calculated in the framework of the relativistic quark model and the hyperspherical expansion the predictions of masses of the triply and doubly heavy baryons are obtained by employing the perturbation theory for the spinindependent and spindependent parts of the threequark hamiltonian
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708.2034
Alignment and Precession of a Black Hole with a Warped Accretion Disc
We consider the shape of an accretion disc whose outer regions are misaligned with the spin axis of a central black hole and calculate the steady state form of the warped disc in the case where the viscosity and surface densities are power laws in the distance from the central black hole. We discuss the shape of the resulting disc in both the frame of the black hole and that of the outer disc. We note that some parts of the disc and also any companion star maybe shadowed from the central regions by the warp. We compute the torque on the black hole caused by the Lense-Thirring precession and hence compute the alignment and precession timescales. We generalise the case with viscosity and hence surface density independent of radius to more realistic density distributions for which the surface density is a decreasing function of radius. We find that the alignment timescale does not change greatly but the precession timescale is more sensitive. We also determine the effect on this timescale if we truncate the disc. For a given truncation radius, the the timescales are less affected for more sharply falling density distributions.
astro-ph
we consider the shape of an accretion disc whose outer regions are misaligned with the spin axis of a central black hole and calculate the steady state form of the warped disc in the case where the viscosity and surface densities are power laws in the distance from the central black hole we discuss the shape of the resulting disc in both the frame of the black hole and that of the outer disc we note that some parts of the disc and also any companion star maybe shadowed from the central regions by the warp we compute the torque on the black hole caused by the lensethirring precession and hence compute the alignment and precession timescales we generalise the case with viscosity and hence surface density independent of radius to more realistic density distributions for which the surface density is a decreasing function of radius we find that the alignment timescale does not change greatly but the precession timescale is more sensitive we also determine the effect on this timescale if we truncate the disc for a given truncation radius the the timescales are less affected for more sharply falling density distributions
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708.2035
Acoustooptic Diffraction in Borate Crystals
The efficiency of acoustooptic (AO) diffraction in a-BaB2O4 and Li2B4O7 crystals is studied experimentally. The crystals are shown to be quite good AO materials. The efficiency of AO diffraction in a-BaB2O4 reaches h=30% at the electric signal power of P=0.7W for the transverse acoustic wave and 15% at the power of P=0.56W for the longitudinal wave. The same parameter for Li2B4O7 reaches h=21% at P=0,81W for the longitudinal acoustic wave.
physics.gen-ph physics.optics
the efficiency of acoustooptic ao diffraction in abab2o4 and li2b4o7 crystals is studied experimentally the crystals are shown to be quite good ao materials the efficiency of ao diffraction in abab2o4 reaches h30 at the electric signal power of p07w for the transverse acoustic wave and 15 at the power of p056w for the longitudinal wave the same parameter for li2b4o7 reaches h21 at p081w for the longitudinal acoustic wave
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708.2036
Pfaffian Expressions for Random Matrix Correlation Functions
It is well known that Pfaffian formulas for eigenvalue correlations are useful in the analysis of real and quaternion random matrices. Moreover the parametric correlations in the crossover to complex random matrices are evaluated in the forms of Pfaffians. In this article, we review the formulations and applications of Pfaffian formulas. For that purpose, we first present the general Pfaffian expressions in terms of the corresponding skew orthogonal polynomials. Then we clarify the relation to Eynard and Mehta's determinant formula for hermitian matrix models and explain how the evaluation is simplified in the cases related to the classical orthogonal polynomials. Applications of Pfaffian formulas to random matrix theory and other fields are also mentioned.
math-ph math.MP
it is well known that pfaffian formulas for eigenvalue correlations are useful in the analysis of real and quaternion random matrices moreover the parametric correlations in the crossover to complex random matrices are evaluated in the forms of pfaffians in this article we review the formulations and applications of pfaffian formulas for that purpose we first present the general pfaffian expressions in terms of the corresponding skew orthogonal polynomials then we clarify the relation to eynard and mehtas determinant formula for hermitian matrix models and explain how the evaluation is simplified in the cases related to the classical orthogonal polynomials applications of pfaffian formulas to random matrix theory and other fields are also mentioned
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708.2037
Non--Localizability of Electric Coupling and Gravitational Binding of Charged Objects
The energy--momentum tensor in general relativity contains only localized contributions to the total energy--momentum. Here, we consider a static, spherically symmetric object consisting of a charged perfect fluid. For this object, the total gravitational mass contains a non--localizable contribution of electric coupling (ordinarily associated with electromagnetic mass). We derive an explicit expression for the total mass which implies that the non--localizable contribution of electric coupling is not bound together by gravity, thus ruling out existence of the objects with pure Lorentz electromagnetic mass in general relativity.
gr-qc
the energymomentum tensor in general relativity contains only localized contributions to the total energymomentum here we consider a static spherically symmetric object consisting of a charged perfect fluid for this object the total gravitational mass contains a nonlocalizable contribution of electric coupling ordinarily associated with electromagnetic mass we derive an explicit expression for the total mass which implies that the nonlocalizable contribution of electric coupling is not bound together by gravity thus ruling out existence of the objects with pure lorentz electromagnetic mass in general relativity
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708.2038
Genome landscapes and bacteriophage codon usage
Across all kingdoms of biological life, protein-coding genes exhibit unequal usage of synonmous codons. Although alternative theories abound, translational selection has been accepted as an important mechanism that shapes the patterns of codon usage in prokaryotes and simple eukaryotes. Here we analyze patterns of codon usage across 74 diverse bacteriophages that infect E. coli, P. aeruginosa and L. lactis as their primary host. We introduce the concept of a `genome landscape,' which helps reveal non-trivial, long-range patterns in codon usage across a genome. We develop a series of randomization tests that allow us to interrogate the significance of one aspect of codon usage, such a GC content, while controlling for another aspect, such as adaptation to host-preferred codons. We find that 33 phage genomes exhibit highly non-random patterns in their GC3-content, use of host-preferred codons, or both. We show that the head and tail proteins of these phages exhibit significant bias towards host-preferred codons, relative to the non-structural phage proteins. Our results support the hypothesis of translational selection on viral genes for host-preferred codons, over a broad range of bacteriophages.
q-bio.GN
across all kingdoms of biological life proteincoding genes exhibit unequal usage of synonmous codons although alternative theories abound translational selection has been accepted as an important mechanism that shapes the patterns of codon usage in prokaryotes and simple eukaryotes here we analyze patterns of codon usage across 74 diverse bacteriophages that infect e coli p aeruginosa and l lactis as their primary host we introduce the concept of a genome landscape which helps reveal nontrivial longrange patterns in codon usage across a genome we develop a series of randomization tests that allow us to interrogate the significance of one aspect of codon usage such a gc content while controlling for another aspect such as adaptation to hostpreferred codons we find that 33 phage genomes exhibit highly nonrandom patterns in their gc3content use of hostpreferred codons or both we show that the head and tail proteins of these phages exhibit significant bias towards hostpreferred codons relative to the nonstructural phage proteins our results support the hypothesis of translational selection on viral genes for hostpreferred codons over a broad range of bacteriophages
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708.2039
A survey of the Wolf-Rayet population of the barred, spiral galaxy NGC 1313
We present a VLT/FORS1 survey of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in the spiral galaxy NGC 1313. In total, 94 WR candidate sources have been identified from narrow-band imaging. Of these, 82 have been spectroscopically observed, for which WR emission features are confirmed in 70 cases, one of which also exhibits strong nebular HeII 4686 emission. We also detect strong nebular HeII 4686 emission within two other regions of NGC 1313, one of which is a possible supernova remnant. Nebular properties confirm that NGC 1313 has a metal-content log(O/H)+12=8.23+/-0.06, in good agreement with previous studies. From continuum subtracted Halpha images we infer a global star formation rate of 0.6 Msun/yr. Using template LMC WR stars, spectroscopy reveals that NGC 1313 hosts a minimum of 84 WR stars. Our census comprises 51 WN stars, including a rare WN/C transition star plus 32 WC stars. In addition, we identify one WO star which represents the first such case identified beyond the Local Group. The bright giant HII region PES 1, comparable in Halpha luminosity to NGC 595 in M 33, is found to host a minimum of 17 WR stars. The remaining photometric candidates generally display photometric properties consistent with WN stars, such that we expect a global WR population of ~115 stars with N(WR)/N(O)~0.01 and N(WC)/N(WN)~0.4.
astro-ph
we present a vltfors1 survey of wolfrayet wr stars in the spiral galaxy ngc 1313 in total 94 wr candidate sources have been identified from narrowband imaging of these 82 have been spectroscopically observed for which wr emission features are confirmed in 70 cases one of which also exhibits strong nebular heii 4686 emission we also detect strong nebular heii 4686 emission within two other regions of ngc 1313 one of which is a possible supernova remnant nebular properties confirm that ngc 1313 has a metalcontent logoh12823006 in good agreement with previous studies from continuum subtracted halpha images we infer a global star formation rate of 06 msunyr using template lmc wr stars spectroscopy reveals that ngc 1313 hosts a minimum of 84 wr stars our census comprises 51 wn stars including a rare wnc transition star plus 32 wc stars in addition we identify one wo star which represents the first such case identified beyond the local group the bright giant hii region pes 1 comparable in halpha luminosity to ngc 595 in m 33 is found to host a minimum of 17 wr stars the remaining photometric candidates generally display photometric properties consistent with wn stars such that we expect a global wr population of 115 stars with nwrno001 and nwcnwn04
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708.204
Radiation Pressure Acceleration of Thin Foils with Circularly Polarized Laser Pulses
A new regime is described for Radiation Pressure Acceleration of a thin foil by an intense laser beam of above 10^20 W/cm^2. Highly monoenergetic proton beams extending to GeV energies can be produced with very high efficiency using circularly polarized light. The proton beams have a very small divergence angle (less than 4 degrees). This new method allows the construction of ultra-compact proton and ion accelerators with ultra-short particle bursts.
physics.plasm-ph
a new regime is described for radiation pressure acceleration of a thin foil by an intense laser beam of above 1020 wcm2 highly monoenergetic proton beams extending to gev energies can be produced with very high efficiency using circularly polarized light the proton beams have a very small divergence angle less than 4 degrees this new method allows the construction of ultracompact proton and ion accelerators with ultrashort particle bursts
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708.2041
Topological Andr\'e-Quillen homology for cellular commutative $S$-algebras
Topological Andr\'e-Quillen homology for commutative $S$-algebras was introduced by Basterra following work of Kriz, and has been intensively studied by several authors. In this paper we discuss it as a homology theory on CW $S$-algebras and apply it to obtain results on minimal atomic $p$-local $S$-algebras which generalise those of Baker and May for $p$-local spectra and simply connected spaces. We exhibit some new examples of minimal atomic $S$-algebras.
math.AT math.KT
topological andrequillen homology for commutative salgebras was introduced by basterra following work of kriz and has been intensively studied by several authors in this paper we discuss it as a homology theory on cw salgebras and apply it to obtain results on minimal atomic plocal salgebras which generalise those of baker and may for plocal spectra and simply connected spaces we exhibit some new examples of minimal atomic salgebras
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708.2042
The empirical metallicity dependence of the mass-loss rate of O- and early B-type stars
[Abridged] We present a comprehensive study of the metallicity dependence of the mass-loss rates in stationary stellar winds of hot massive stars. Assuming a power-law dependence of mass loss on metallicity, Mdot \propto Z^{m}, and adopting a theoretical relation between the terminal velocity and metallicity, v_inf \propto Z^{0.13} (Leitherer et al.), we find m = 0.83 +/- 0.16 for non-clumped outflows from an analysis of the wind momentum luminosity relation (WLR) for stars more luminous than 10^{5.2} Lsun. Within the errors, this result agrees with the prediction of m = 0.69 +/- 0.10 from Vink et al. For the high luminosity stars we find the mass loss rates to be greater than the predictions, implying wind clumping factors in their line-forming regions of ~4. For lower luminosity stars, the winds are so weak that their strengths cannot be reliably derived from optical lines, and one must rely on analysis of UV lines. In the low-luminosity domain the Galactic WLR is found to be much steeper than expected from theory, leading to a discrepancy between UV mass-loss rates and the predictions by a factor 100 at luminosities of L ~ 10^{4.75} Lsun, the origin of which is unknown. We emphasize that even if the current mass-loss rates of hot luminous stars are overestimated as a result of wind clumping, the degree of clumping would likely to be independent of metallicity, so the scalings derived in this study are expected to remain correct.
astro-ph
abridged we present a comprehensive study of the metallicity dependence of the massloss rates in stationary stellar winds of hot massive stars assuming a powerlaw dependence of mass loss on metallicity mdot propto zm and adopting a theoretical relation between the terminal velocity and metallicity v_inf propto z013 leitherer et al we find m 083 016 for nonclumped outflows from an analysis of the wind momentum luminosity relation wlr for stars more luminous than 1052 lsun within the errors this result agrees with the prediction of m 069 010 from vink et al for the high luminosity stars we find the mass loss rates to be greater than the predictions implying wind clumping factors in their lineforming regions of 4 for lower luminosity stars the winds are so weak that their strengths cannot be reliably derived from optical lines and one must rely on analysis of uv lines in the lowluminosity domain the galactic wlr is found to be much steeper than expected from theory leading to a discrepancy between uv massloss rates and the predictions by a factor 100 at luminosities of l 10475 lsun the origin of which is unknown we emphasize that even if the current massloss rates of hot luminous stars are overestimated as a result of wind clumping the degree of clumping would likely to be independent of metallicity so the scalings derived in this study are expected to remain correct
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708.2043
The hamiltonian study of supersymmetric Yang-Mills quantum mechanics
The hamiltonian formulation of Supersymmetric Yang-Mills quantum mechanics (SYMQM) is discussed. We focus on the Fock space formulation of the models since it is convenient for the numerical analysis, however some novel analytical results are also pointed out.
hep-th
the hamiltonian formulation of supersymmetric yangmills quantum mechanics symqm is discussed we focus on the fock space formulation of the models since it is convenient for the numerical analysis however some novel analytical results are also pointed out
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708.2044
Density-Profile Processes Describing Biological Signaling Networks: Almost Sure Convergence to Deterministic Trajectories
We introduce jump processes in R^k, called density-profile process, to model biological signaling networks. They describe the macroscopic evolution of finite-size spin-flip models with k types of spins interacting through a non-reversible Glauber dynamics. We focus on the the k-dimensional empirical-magnetization vector in the thermodynamic limit, and prove that, within arbitrary finite time-intervals, its path converges almost surely to a deterministic trajectory determined by a first-order (non-linear) differential equation. As parameters of the spin-flip dynamics change, the associated dynamical system may go through bifurcations, associated to phase transitions in the statistical mechanical setting. We present a simple example of spin-flip stochastic model leading to a dynamical system with Hopf and pitchfork bifurcations; depending on the parameter values, the magnetization random path can either converge to a unique stable fixed point, converge to one of a pair of stable fixed points, or asymptotically evolve close to a deterministic orbit in R^k.
math.PR
we introduce jump processes in rk called densityprofile process to model biological signaling networks they describe the macroscopic evolution of finitesize spinflip models with k types of spins interacting through a nonreversible glauber dynamics we focus on the the kdimensional empiricalmagnetization vector in the thermodynamic limit and prove that within arbitrary finite timeintervals its path converges almost surely to a deterministic trajectory determined by a firstorder nonlinear differential equation as parameters of the spinflip dynamics change the associated dynamical system may go through bifurcations associated to phase transitions in the statistical mechanical setting we present a simple example of spinflip stochastic model leading to a dynamical system with hopf and pitchfork bifurcations depending on the parameter values the magnetization random path can either converge to a unique stable fixed point converge to one of a pair of stable fixed points or asymptotically evolve close to a deterministic orbit in rk
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708.2045
Sustainability of multi-field inflation and bound on string scale
We study the effects of the interaction terms between the inflaton fields on the inflationary dynamics in multi-field models. With power law type potential and interactions, the total number of e-folds may get considerably reduced and can lead to unacceptably short period of inflation. Also we point out that this can place a bound on the characteristic scale of the underlying theory such as string theory. Using a simple multi-field chaotic inflation model from string theory, the string scale is constrained to be larger than the scale of grand unified theory.
hep-th astro-ph hep-ph
we study the effects of the interaction terms between the inflaton fields on the inflationary dynamics in multifield models with power law type potential and interactions the total number of efolds may get considerably reduced and can lead to unacceptably short period of inflation also we point out that this can place a bound on the characteristic scale of the underlying theory such as string theory using a simple multifield chaotic inflation model from string theory the string scale is constrained to be larger than the scale of grand unified theory
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708.2046
Quelques courbes de Hecke se plongent dans l'espace de Colmez
Let p be a prime, C the p-adic Eigencurve (with tame level 1) and Z the blow-up of the Fredholm hypersurface of the U_p - operator at the special points. We show that for p = 2, 3, 5 and 7, the natural map C -> Z is a rigid-analytic isomorphism.
math.NT
let p be a prime c the padic eigencurve with tame level 1 and z the blowup of the fredholm hypersurface of the u_p operator at the special points we show that for p 2 3 5 and 7 the natural map c z is a rigidanalytic isomorphism
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708.2047
Inflating branes inside topological defects and periodic structures
We study brane world models which contain local topological defects in the bulk and a (3+1)-dimensional inflating brane. We put the emphasis on new types of solutions that are periodic in the bulk radial coordinate and thus provide examples of "naturally compactified" brane worlds.
gr-qc
we study brane world models which contain local topological defects in the bulk and a 31dimensional inflating brane we put the emphasis on new types of solutions that are periodic in the bulk radial coordinate and thus provide examples of naturally compactified brane worlds
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708.2048
Focus Point SUSY at the LHC Revisited
The estimation of the backgrounds for gluino signals in focus point supersymmetry is extended by including the backgrounds from the production of four third generation quarks in the analysis. We find that these backgrounds are negligible if one uses the strong selection criteria proposed in the literature (including this analysis) for heavy gluino searches. Softer selection criteria often recommended for lighter gluino searches yield backgrounds which are small but numerically significant. We have also repeated the more conventional background calculations and compared our results with the other groups. We find that the size of the total residual background estimated by different groups using different event generators and hard kinematical cuts agree approximately. In view of the theoretical uncertainties in the leading order signal and background cross sections mainly due to the choice of the QCD scale, the gluino mass reach at the LHC cannot be pinpointed. However, requiring a signal with $\rm\geq 3$ tagged b-jets (instead of the standard choice of $\rm\geq 2$) it is shown that gluino masses close to 2 TeV can be probed at the LHC for a range of reasonable choices of the QCD scale for an integrated luminosity of 300 fb$^{-1}$.
hep-ph hep-ex
the estimation of the backgrounds for gluino signals in focus point supersymmetry is extended by including the backgrounds from the production of four third generation quarks in the analysis we find that these backgrounds are negligible if one uses the strong selection criteria proposed in the literature including this analysis for heavy gluino searches softer selection criteria often recommended for lighter gluino searches yield backgrounds which are small but numerically significant we have also repeated the more conventional background calculations and compared our results with the other groups we find that the size of the total residual background estimated by different groups using different event generators and hard kinematical cuts agree approximately in view of the theoretical uncertainties in the leading order signal and background cross sections mainly due to the choice of the qcd scale the gluino mass reach at the lhc cannot be pinpointed however requiring a signal with rmgeq 3 tagged bjets instead of the standard choice of rmgeq 2 it is shown that gluino masses close to 2 tev can be probed at the lhc for a range of reasonable choices of the qcd scale for an integrated luminosity of 300 fb1
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