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Highlights • The influence of the physical properties on solid magnetic refrigerators is studied. • An increase of density and heat capacity widens the temperature span. • The operating frequency increases with the thermal conductivity. • The adiabatic change of temperature has profound implications on the refrigerator... | 1 |
The electrical resistivity, thermoelectric power (Seebeck coefficient) and Hall effects have been measured for (Y2S3)1−xX3 compounds with the δ-monoclinic structure (where X = Cu. B or Al and y = 0.05 for Cu and B, and 0.025 ≤ y ≤ 0.075 for Al) in order to determine their potential as high temperature (300–1000°C) ther... | 1 |
Global tuberculosis (TB) control is hampered by cost and slow or insensitive diagnostic methods to be used for TB diagnosis in clinic. Thus, TB still remains a major global health problem. The failure to rapidly and accurately diagnose of TB has posed significant challenges with consequent secondary resistance and ongo... | 1 |
In the present study, we investigated remote laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), at a distance of 4.8m, of a variety of natural minerals and rocks, and Hawaiian Ti (Cordyline terminalis) plant leaves. These minerals included calcite cleavage, calcite onex and calcite travertine, gypsum, fluorapatite, Dover flint and chal... | 1 |
Solar cells based on nanoporous TiO2 films with an inverted structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/TiO2/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc):fullerene (C60)/CuPc/poly(3,4-oxyethyleneoxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/Au were fabricated. The best overall photovoltaic performance undergoing a series of device optimiz... | 0 |
Highlights ► Solid and mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are formed via aero-sol–gel process. ► Porosity of TiO2 NPs is varied by the fraction of inorganic templates. ► Mesoporous TiO2 NPs support higher concentration of dye molecules than solid TiO2. ► Mesoporous TiO2 NPs improve photovoltaic properties in dye-sensi... | 0 |
The performance of bulk-heterojunction solar cells made with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the donor and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the acceptor depends strongly on various factors in fabrication processes. This work studies the effect of the thickness of the P3HT:PCBM layer produced in the spin ... | 0 |
In this comprehensive DFT study, we delve into the transformative influence of Hafnium (Hf) doping on the intrinsic properties of α − SnSe, β − SnSe, γ − SnSe, δ − SnSe, and ε − SnSe allotropes. By employing advanced analytical techniques, we elucidate the nuanced structural and electronic modifications, unveiling a po... | 1 |
The year 2001 must rank as one of the most challenging and traumatic that the global community has encountered for many decades. Amongst all the awful turmoil that has dominated the world in 2001 — and which at the end of the year also engulfed the energy sector through the dramatic bankruptcy of Enron — the solar elec... | 0 |
We demonstrate that the photorefractive properties such as gain and response time in Fe-doped KNbO3 crystals can be greatly improved by MeV proton irradiation. The observed reduction of the crystals from p-type to n-type is caused by a change in the ratio of the densities of donors to acceptors, denoted by the reductio... | 0 |
In grid-connected photovoltaic systems, a key consideration in the design and operation of inverters is how to achieve high efficiency with power output for different power configurations. The requirements for inverter connection include: maximum power point, high efficiency, control power injected into the grid, and l... | 0 |
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This review article comprises of detailed discussions about different types of thin-film coating techniques in which Indium-doped Tin Oxide (ITO) has been coated by various researchers across the world. Since, it is indispensable to incorporate the working of the coating processes to make ITO films for specific applica... | 1 |
Nd:GdVO4 micro-rods were synthesized by a high energy ball milling method. The effects of sintering temperature and phase transformation of the products are investigated based on the differential thermal, and X-ray diffraction analyses. The morphological changes were observed by taking the field emission-scanning elect... | 1 |
The work presented in this paper was aimed to investigate an indirect solar dryer, locally designed and constructed, In order to adjust appropriate conditions for safe store of sliced potatoes. Throughout this study, by the mean of several experiments performed at Ouargla City in southern Saharan of Algeria. We searche... | 0 |
Solar energy is a clean, abundant and easily available renewable energy. Usage of solar energy in different kinds of systems provides scope for several studies on exergy analysis. In the present work, a comprehensive literature review has been carried out on exergy analysis of various solar energy systems. The systems ... | 0 |
This paper reports on the successful deposition of boron doped p-type (p-C:B) and phosphorus doped n-type (n-C:P) semiconducting carbon films and fabrication of p-C:B on n-type silicon (Si) substrate (p-C:B/n-Si) and n-C:P/p-Si cells by pulsed laser deposition at room temperature using graphite target. The B and P powd... | 0 |
The acquisition of local temperature fields in compact reactors is essential to understand the heat transfer mechanisms in these often-complex geometry devices, and to detect the presence of any dead zones where hot or cold spots can appear during implementation of reactions. In this work, thermometry by PLIF method (P... | 1 |
The conditions under which an oxygen photocatalyst can improve multiple band gap (semiconductor) solar energy water splitting are probed. Recently, we provided evidence that previous models significantly underestimated the magnitude of H2 fuel which may be generated by solar energy, and demonstrated a bipolar band gap ... | 0 |
A detailed review is carried out on current micropower technology. In particular, a prototype micropower device based on the concept of a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system of generating electricity is reviewed in this report. This prototype micro-TPV power generator [W.M. Yang, S.K. Chou, C. Shu, H. Xue, Z.W. Li, J. Phys... | 1 |
A Small Scale Box type solar cooker (SSB) weighing 4.8kg is modified into a novel photovoltaic and thermal hybrid solar cooker named as Small Scale Box type Hybrid solar cooker (SSBH) weighing 6.5kg. Five solar panels each of 15W are attached with this cooker. Cooking time is reduced due to the photovoltaic power gener... | 0 |
Thin films were prepared for the first time from cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP) by plasma polymerization at different r.f. powers. They had cross-linked structures in which the porphyrin ring structure of CoTPP monomer was retained to different extents. Studies by use of a sandwich type device of Au/plasma polymer... | 0 |
New dicationic bis-imidazolium salts based ionic liquids were synthesized to develop new electrolytes to improve photovoltaic properties of dye sensitized solar cells. Various properties of electrolytes such as viscosities, ion diffusion coefficients, charge transfer resistances and photovoltaic properties were studied... | 0 |
Due to their potential applications for optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices, Li-based double perovskites (DPs) have been widely investigated. In current article, we theoretically examined the mechanical, optoelectronic and thermoelectric features of DPs Li2CuBiZ6 (Z = Cl, Br, I). We employ the generalized gradien... | 1 |
Aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al, AZO) films were prepared by reactive mid frequency magnetron sputtering. We characterized the electrical and optical properties as well as the surface morphology obtained after wet chemical etching. The carrier mobility could be increased up to 42 cm2/Vs and the transmission between 4... | 0 |
Highlights • We measured the solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) data of abietic acid in alcohols. • We correlated the SLE data using the Wilson, NRTL and λh equations. • We discussed the solution characteristics via the molar mixing enthalpy (H E). | 1 |
Tin oxide nanohole arrays have been prepared by a liquid phase deposition method. Field emission-type scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to characterize the surface morphologies and crystal structures of the tin oxide nanohole arrays. Two types of noble metal (Au, Pt, and Pd) ele... | 1 |
Highlights ► Cd1− x In x Te samples were synthesized by wet chemical method using NaBH4 for reduction. ► The band gap energy was achieved to be 1.37eV with Cd0.6In0.4Te. ► The highest photovoltaic response was achieved by a power conversion efficiency of 1.89% with Cd0.6In0.4Te. | 1 |
The γ-Na x Co2O4/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with various rGO contents (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 wt%) were synthesized by the polymerized complex method and sintered by solid state reaction. Temperature dependence of electrical resistivity, the Seebeck coefficient and power factor was investigated in the rang... | 1 |
Extensive fossil fuel consumption in almost all human activities led to some undesirable phenomena such as atmospheric and environmental pollutions, which have not been experienced before in known human history. Consequently, global warming, greenhouse affect, climate change, ozone layer depletion and acid rain termino... | 0 |
A series of conjugated copolymers (P1 and P2-CN–P4-CN) were prepared, in which two kinds of side chains were designed: one was the repeating units similar to that of P3HT, with the aim to increase the compatible with PC61BM and the hole mobility; another one was the acceptor groups connected with the electron-rich back... | 0 |
Photovoltaic cells, with a conducting polymer/fullerene (C60) interpenetrating heterojunction structure fabricated by spin-coating a conducting polymer onto a C60 thin film, have been investigated and demonstrated a high efficiency as solar cells based on organic materials. The photovoltaic properties of the solar cell... | 0 |
Highlights • Response of a surface thermocouple closely relates to junction structure. • Insulation layer properties contribute a little to the response. • Reducing insulation layer thickness is effective to improve its performance. • Response of surface thermocouples was examined by a shock tube. | 1 |
Nanocrystalline CdTe was prepared by mechanical alloying using Te and Cd equiatomic powder mixture slightly oxidized due air exposition (6% α-TeO2 and 10% CdO, respectively). X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to study the str... | 0 |
A metallic CP3 monolayer with very high absorption coefficients for visible light and as the CO2 absorbent, has been predicted and studied. (a) ELF of the CP3 monolayer, (b) the adsorption of CO2 on the surface of CP3 monolayer. | 1 |
A special-purpose solar simulator developed for the International Space Station offers portability and accurate normalised AMO spectrum. It includes a tungsten lamp serving as a gray-body radiator with a 3200 K temperature, and a mosaic of filters so the filtered lamp output has the same normalised spectral irradiance ... | 0 |
The effect of biaxial strain on crystallographic structure, band gap, polarization, linear and non linear elastic properties of 2D SiC hybrid are studied using ab-initio calculations. The determination of the two critical strain points reveals an elastic region just a little smaller than that of graphene. With load, ch... | 1 |
In this paper, we report the spectroscopic properties of two newly synthesized phthalocyanines when substituted with short and long alkyl chains dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. The dyes are non-fluorescent and show a weak tendency for dimer formation. The aggregation process is not clearly visible in the absorption sp... | 0 |
With the growing market shares for directionally solidified multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) based solar cells in recent years, it is of practical interest to investigate crystal defects present in the mc-Si materials. Dislocation is the primary crystal defect in mc-Si, and it plays an important role in influencing the... | 0 |
Interdigital metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) ultraviolet photoconductive detectors have been fabricated on undoped GaN films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Response dependence on wavelength, applied current, excitation powers and chopper frequency has been extensively investigated. It is shown that the photodet... | 0 |
This paper presents an innovative use of waste heat recovered from a cement slag for multigeneration purposes, including power, ammonia, heat, hot water and oxygen production. A novel approach of ammonia production is employed in this study. The proposed system consists of four major subsystems; copper-chlorine (Cu-Cl)... | 1 |
Highlights ► A new method to determine the loss resistance values of a solar cell is presented. ► Proposed method was used to determine loss resistances of various photovoltaic devices. ► The Newton–Raphson method proposed was compared to two other published methods. ► Values obtained from the proposed method was found... | 0 |
CO2 emissions from the commercial and residential sectors have greatly increased in Japan. Governmental regulations for energy saving are very effective for the industrial sector, but they are found to be rather ineffective for the commercial and residential sectors. Thus, low-cost measures for CO2 reduction are really... | 0 |
Majority of people in Lao PDR, living in remote, rural, and mountainous regions, do not have access to electricity from the national power utility, Electricite du Lao (EdL), in spite of EdL's efforts to improve the rural electrification through conventional grid extension, diesel generators, and microhydropower. Thus, ... | 0 |
Films of cadmium oxide (CdO) were prepared on glass substrates by using spray pyrolysis technique. Films were deposited at different substrate temperatures ranging from 523 K to 723 K. Structural, optical and electrical properties were studied for all samples. X-ray diffraction study showed that films were polycrystall... | 0 |
In recent years, renewable energy utilisation in various applications has increased significantly. Applications involving solar thermal energy include air and water heating whilst solar photovoltaic systems have been installed to provide electricity for households in urban and rural areas of the developing economies. T... | 0 |
A methodology which integrates different software tools for the assessment of distributed renewable energy generation, particularly wind energy, within a 11 kV distribution network is described in detail and is being used in a case study to study power quality issues. The methodology is based on an economic optimisatio... | 0 |
Crystalline poly-Si thin films were deposited on Corning glass substrates at a temperature of 500 °C using a pulsed d.c. magnetron sputtering source. The increased bias voltage causes an enhancement of the potential difference between the plasma and substrate. In case of the bipolar pulsed d.c. magnetron sputtering, V ... | 0 |
Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems are a key step in expanding the use of solar energy. Solar cells can operate at increased efficiencies under higher solar concentration and replacing solar cells with optical devices to capture light is an effective method of decreasing the cost of a system without compromising ... | 0 |
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is receiving increasing attention as a technology with the potential to provide clean electricity in a cost effective and dispatchable manner. Despite its renewable nature, solar power generation generates impacts that need to be adequately evaluated and managed. The objective of this pap... | 1 |
This paper reports the outcome of the project on “Capacity building in formulating harmonized policy instruments for the promotion of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in the ASEAN member countries”. With the growing concerns about green house gas (GHG) emission and consequent climate change, renewable energy sour... | 0 |
We present results of investigations devoted to searching of ways for sol–gel derived SnO2 thin-film hydrogen sensors performance improvement. To that end we studied the as-prepared sensors parameters changes in real time during short- and long-term operation in gas–air mixture and known operating temperature condition... | 1 |
The photovoltaic (PV) industry is in rapid growth and a large supply of PV feedstock materials must be provided to maintain this growth. Since silicon is still the dominant material for the fabrication of solar cells, low-cost solar-grade silicon (SoG-Si) feedstock is demanded. The most cost-effective and direct approa... | 0 |
We present an evaluation of a new version of the web-based clean power estimator (CPE) capable of evaluating the effectiveness and value of solar load control (SLC) for commercial applications in the US. Three experimental building case studies are used as a validation benchmark. The selected buildings include a large ... | 0 |
In this paper a survey of the various types of solar thermal collectors and applications is presented. Initially, an analysis of the environmental problems related to the use of conventional sources of energy is presented and the benefits offered by renewable energy systems are outlined. A historical introduction into ... | 0 |
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Global Solar Photovoltaic (PV) industry is fast evolving and is heavily affected by the government policies. In this study, it has been attempted to present a detailed comparison of the solar PV industry of five countries (i.e., Taiwan, 1 China, Japan, Germany and USA) in terms of policy, industry and supply chain anal... | 0 |
The third (P3) laser patterning step of thin film photovoltaic devices is studied experimentally using a diode pumped solid state laser with 532nm wavelength and a delay generator. The effect on the electrical characteristics of the devices due to the patterning process is investigated by performing scribes on single, ... | 0 |
In this paper, the coupled equations in velocity and magnetic field for unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow through a pipe of rectangular section are solved using combined finite volume method and spectral element technique, improved by means of Hermit interpolation. The transverse applied magnetic field may have a... | 1 |
The possibility of improving the performance of deep well solar pumping systems by using centrifugal pumps with variable rotational speed and modular number of working stages (i.e. Divided Shaft Pump, DSP) was investigated and compared with traditional systems equipped with pumps having a fixed number of stages (i.e St... | 0 |
Hybrid organic–inorganic all thin film photovoltaic junctions PMeT(Y)/CdS(X) were investigated, where PMeT(Y) is the conducting polymer poly(3-methylthiophene) doped with various anions Y=CF 3 SO 3 − , ClO 4 − , BF 4 − , PF 6 − , and CdS(X) cadmium sulfide doped with various elements X=Cu, Ni, Al, As and Sb. CdS(X) fil... | 0 |
Vertical Bridgman grown, Si and B heavily doped n-GaAs (100) surface has been H+-implanted for various doses from 1014 to 1017 cm−2. The Raman spectra of A1(LO) mode and LO phonon–plasmon coupled (LOPC) mode are recorded and analysed. Peak position (PP) of A1(LO) mode increased up to 1015 cm−2 dose due to the passivati... | 1 |
Highlights • Laser liquid medium pyrolysis synthesis of onion likes carbon (OLC) and growth mechanism. • The semiconductor switching characteristic (from p- to n-type) of OLC hierarchical structure with relative humidity. • Highly selective to the alcohol than acetone and insensitive to the dry gases like CH4, CO, etc.... | 1 |
Maximizing the electrical conductivity and optical transmittance of a carbon nanotube (CNT) network is critical for using CNTs as electrodes of solar cells. In this paper, the effect of CNT network morphology on its electrical and optical properties is investigated both experimentally and theoretically, indicating that... | 0 |
Polybenzimidazole-based membranes in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells require doping with phosphoric acid to enable proton conductivity. The level of phosphoric acid doping is traditionally determined by titration or weighing, but these methods only provide limited information, since they do not off... | 1 |
With the rapid development photovoltaic industry, crystallization techniques play an important role in silicon thin film solar cells. In this paper, Amorphous silicon thin film and aluminum films were prepared by electron beam evaporation technique. The films after different annealing crystallization processes were cha... | 0 |
Last few years have witnessed significant enhancement of thermoelectric figure of merit of lead telluride (PbTe) via nanostructuring. Despite the experimental progress, current understanding of the electron transport in PbTe is based on either band structure calculation using first principles with constant relaxation t... | 1 |
Highlights ► New fullerene derivatives showed similar electronic properties to PCBM. ► Chloronaphthalene additive changed the aggregated morphology to homogeneous. ► Improved morphology induces enhanced performance of solar cells and bipolar FETs. ► Processing additive also can significantly affect on fullerene accepto... | 0 |
We examined and evaluated the output characteristics and the deterioration lowering factors of modules installed under various conditions (module directions and tilted angles) based on the data collected at the multi-position test facility, which was produced and installed in order to conduct evaluation using design pa... | 0 |
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Food systems worldwide rely on water resources that are facing demand from a growing population while regional water supplies are increasingly uncertain due to climate change. In this environment, dietary changes may have the potential to reduce water used in food production. At the same time, it is well established th... | 1 |
A new long-term technology valuation method for renewable energy technologies that combines system dynamics with Monte Carlo simulation is proposed. Existing valuation methods using surveys or cash flows are suitable for technologies characterized by short lifecycles and little uncertainty, but are not appropriate for ... | 0 |
We investigated the effect of static magnetic field (SMF) on interfacial energy of solid Al2Cu and eutectic melt both by dihedral angle and grain boundary groove method. To uncover the effect of SMF on the interfacial energy, its values were determined and calculated based on the morphologies of dihedral angles and gra... | 1 |
Up to now, there has been some controversy about green certificates (a form of subsidy) that are granted for the installation of photovoltaic (PV) panels in the Flemish residential sector. The Flemish government has already reduced the value of future green certificates, because they appeared to be excessively high. Cu... | 0 |
Polycrystalline thin film CdTe continues to be a leading material for the development of cost effective and reliable photovoltaics. The two key properties of this material are its band gap (1.5eV), close to the ideal for photovoltaic conversion efficiency (1.45eV), and its high optical absorption coefficient. Thin film... | 0 |
The potential of CdTe/CdS/Cd1−x Zn x S structure as an alternative to CdTe/CdS structure in photovoltaic application has been demonstrated. The unoptimized solar cell structure grown on transparent conducting oxide coated soda lime glass of 3mm thickness with no antireflection coating yielded a 10% efficiency. This eff... | 0 |
Accelerating the photodegradation of polymeric materials is of great practical interest in weathering research. Acceleration can be achieved by exposing polymeric materials to a high radiant flux; however, questions have arisen within the weathering community as to whether high radiant flux results can be extrapolated ... | 0 |
For thermoelectric materials, the synthesis route is—besides composition—the crucial factor governing the thermoelectric transport properties and hence the performance of the material. Here, we present a systematic analysis of the influence of the synthesis technique on microstructure and thermoelectric transport prope... | 1 |
A modified photovoltaic thermal (PVT) double slope active solar still was designed and fabricated for remote locations. The system has been installed at the campus of KIET, Ghaziabad (India) and its performance has been experimentally evaluated under field conditions in natural and forced circulation mode (series and p... | 0 |
We demonstrate power conversion efficiencies of 1.5% from molecular photovoltaic devices based on bilayer pentacene/fullerene heterojunctions under 1 sun AM1.5G simulated irradiation. Importantly, we demonstrate the independence of the device performance on active area in the range 0.05–0.65cm2, a critical consideratio... | 0 |
Although the subject of climate change attracts enormous attention, there is limited number of analyses dealing with climate change impacts on the power system planning. It is important to understand these influences since the power system planning must consider very long time spans, and therefore it might be affected ... | 0 |
In the present work, a general and simple approach to determine texture patterns using pole figure was developed. For the rolled materials, the rolling plane can be determined by the ratio of OP/R in the given pole figure. Here, OP is the length from the center to an arbitrary pole in the pole figure, and R is the radi... | 1 |
Electrical transport properties of Ag metal-fluorescein sodium salt (FSS) organic layer-silicon junction have been investigated. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the diode show rectifying behavior consistent with a potential barrier formed at the interface. The diode indicates a non-ideal I–V behavior with ... | 0 |
Reuse of sludge from a water treatment plant and fly ash for the manufacturing of adobe brick is a feasible approach for practical applications due to the numerous benefits from the cost savings of construction materials and the reduction of environmental pollution. In this study, sludge from a groundwater treatment pl... | 1 |
In this paper we have studied the effects of the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process on the evolution of thermal properties from the surface towards the core of the 36NiCrMo16 steel using the photothermal deflection (PTD) technique. We have shown that the PTD technique is able to detect the depth of the affect... | 1 |
The concept of astrometric supervision of the Universe on the basis of using the extralong base for angular measurements realized by launching 3–4 spacecrafts in different directions from the Earth upto the distance of 500 AU is proposed. Under various variants of scientific and service payload of spacecrafts it will a... | 0 |
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The current work proposes a novel CCHP system based on geothermal energy, which can generate hot water, chilled water, and power. Kalina is considered for power generation, double-effect absorption chiller cycle for cooling production, and LNG regasification cycle for thermal integration of absorption chiller and elect... | 1 |
The influence on the structural and optical properties of Co or Mn alloying in β-FeSi2 has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS), μ-Raman spectroscopy, and transmittance measurements. Fe1−x M x Si2 thin films (M=Co, Mn; 0<x<0.20) were produced by co-deposition a... | 0 |
Surface passivation has been recognized as a crucial step in the evaluation of minority carrier lifetime of photovoltaic materials as well as in the fabrication of high efficient solar cells. Dilute acids of HF and HCl are employed for germanium (Ge) surface passivation. An effective lifetime of passivated Ge wafers ha... | 0 |
Achieving a self-driven microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) to produce hydrogen is important to its applications but remains challenging. Herein, a dual-cathode bioelectrochemical system (BES) was developed, where one cathode produced electricity energy (Power-cathode) and the other cathode produced hydrogen (H2-cathode)... | 1 |
Distributed energy resources (DER) are relatively small-scale generators or energy storage units that are located in close proximity to load centers. The DERs that are integrated to the grid with the power electronic converter interfaces are capable of providing nonactive power in addition to active power. Hence, they ... | 0 |
Highlights • Studies on ORC for waste heat recovery during the last four years are reviewed. • Reviews are on cycle configuration, working fluids, and operating condition. • Mostly studied heat sources have been internal combustion engines and gas turbines. • Statistics on fluids and configurations are reported for mos... | 1 |
Thermal annealing of GaInAs/GaNAs quantum wells (QWs) as well as other nitrogen- and indium-contained QW structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy and its effect on optical properties are investigated. The photoluminescence (PL) and photovoltaic (PV) spectra of annealed GaInAs/GaNAs QWs show that the luminescence prop... | 0 |
The simple bilayer solar cells, composed of poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and chromium doped titanium dioxide (Cr–TiO2) nanocrystal films, were fabricated by sol–gel method. The performances of structurally identical polymer–inorganic heterojunction solar cells Cu/Cr–TiO2/P3HT/FTO/Glass with various Cr3+ dopi... | 0 |
Electrical properties of crystalline silicon wafers used for photovoltaı̈cs are degraded by metallic impurity atoms. Such atoms are introduced during the crystal growth or during the processing steps needed to prepare solar cells. External gettering treatments such as phosphorus diffusion from a POCl3 source or Al–Si a... | 0 |
III–V high concentrator solar cells are promising candidates for reducing the cost of photovoltaic electricity in terrestrial applications. However, the knowledge on the reliability of these devices is still scarce. Solar panels based on III–V high concentrator solar cells are about to be commercially available, and mu... | 0 |
Tertiary treatment is needed to render secondary-treated municipal wastewater usable in power plant cooling systems. Various tertiary treatment options exist to provide different levels of water quality. This paper integrates life cycle inventory emissions from a life cycle assessment approach with direct costs to dete... | 1 |
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