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gun and is protected
and has a pretty normal
complement of hair cells.
Now, that's not saying
that this person didn't
go to lots of rock
concerts, and didn't
take lots of drugs that
damage your hearing,
and isn't an 80-year-old
person, so we're
going to add a few
things to our list here.
There are some drugs, for
example aminoglycoside
antibiotics-- they are
really great antibiotics,
but they have this side effect
of damaging the hair cells.
Three, the aging
process damages hearing.
And in this kind of a study
where you're using a human,
you cannot control for these
other factors and others that I
haven't, but what you can do
then is compare left to right.
Because presumably,
a subject took drugs,
and they appeared in both the
left and right in your ears.
And obviously, the
subject had the same aging
in the left and right side,
so whatever differences there
are between the
left and the right,
we attribute then to
the blast from the rifle
that the subject shot.
So this cause of
left right difference
would be attributed to
the high level sound.
Here are some pictures
from an experiment animal
that has undergone a high sound
level, or an overexposure.
This is a normal-- I
think, in this case,
it's a Guinea pig cochlea.
And you see the row of
inner hair cells here.
There is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, about
a dozen inner hair cells.
That's just one row
of inner hair cells.
And then there are three rows
of outer hair cells looking down
onto the tops of
the hair cells where
you have the stereocilia
sticking up at you.
And there are 12 or
15 outer hair cells
in each of rows 1, 2, and 3.