Split (3)

train · 183k rows

id stringlengths 36 36	question stringlengths 1 1.57k	opa stringlengths 1 287	opb stringlengths 1 287	opc stringlengths 1 286	opd stringlengths 1 301	cop class label 4 classes	choice_type stringclasses 2 values	exp stringlengths 1 22.5k ⌀	subject_name stringclasses 21 values	topic_name stringlengths 3 135 ⌀
9953da8e-53af-4c10-906b-233b8f57d5df	Drugs of choice for the treatment of neurocysticercosis are :	Hydroquinone and metronidazole	Metronidazole and pyrantel pamoate	Albendazole and praziquantel	Cyclophosphamide	2c	multi	null	Pharmacology	null
acdce155-b928-4bd1-8add-ccd4633fc0a7	In ACLS which drug can be given following ventricular fibrillation after cardiac arrest other than epinephrine?	Amiodarone	Dopamine	Adenosine	Atropine	0a	single	V-Fib or VF is the most common rhythm that occurs immediately after cardiac arrest. In this rhythm, the hea beats with rapid, erratic electrical impulses. Treatment: * Shock / Defibrillation: every 2 minutes in a single one shock, successive, shockable increments * 200 joules - Followed by immediate CPR for 2 minutes /...	Surgery	All India exam
7e5c15b8-68aa-4675-b152-df5213bc058e	Gas gangrene is due to	Alpha toxin	Theta toxin	Beta toxin	Delta toxin	0a	single	The alpha-toxin is produced by all types of Clostridium perfringens and most abundantly by type A strains. This is the most impoant toxin biologically and is responsible for the profound toxemia of gas gangrene. It is lethal, dermonecrotic and hemolytic. It is phospholipids which, in the presence of calcium and magnesi...	Microbiology	Bacteriology
e5732529-521a-482f-b646-ff0cf6a03950	Which drug causes osteoporosis on long-term use	Estrogen	Progesterone	GnRH analogues	Warfarin	2c	single	Ans. is 'c' i.e., GnRH analogues Drugs causing osteoporosis : o Glucocoicoids o Cytotoxic drugs o Excessive alcohol intake o Excessive thyroxine o Heparin o Cyclosporine o Anticonvulsants o Aluminum o GnRH agonist o Lithium	Pharmacology	null
a0c2f6fb-905a-4703-b181-76801f03c1ab	Fletcher's medium containing Rabbit serum is used for ?	Streptococcus	Bacillus anthracis	Leptospira	Borrelia	2c	single	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Leptospira Media for the culture of leptospirae usually contain either rabbit serum (Flatcher medium, stua broth) or bovine serum albumin (EMJH medium plus long - chain fatty acids and vitamins (B1 & B12).	Microbiology	null
5279cb26-b9cf-43be-ae0d-942b12b73923	A blood stained discharge from the nipple indicates -	Breast abscess	Fibroadenoma	Duct papilloma	Fat necrosis of breast	2c	single	"Bloody discharge is more suggestive of cancer but is usually caused by a benign papilloma in the duct." - CSDT "Intraductal papilloma is the most common cause of bloody nipple discharge." — Schwartz 7/e p 553 Also, remember Nipple discharge is suggestive of cancer if it is spontaneous, unilateral, localized to a sin...	Surgery	null
e8f22d5d-3712-43d0-9ecf-c489c8b69019	The following separation technique depends on the molecular size of the protein	Chromatography on a carboxymethyl cellulose column	Iso-electric focusing	Gel filtration chromatography	Chromatography on a diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose column	2c	single	Answer is C Size-exclusion--or gel filtration--chromatography separates proteins based on their Stokes radius, the radius of the sphere they occupy as they tumble in a solution. The stokes radius is a function of molecular mass and shape. When rapidly tumbling, an elongated protein occupies a larger effective volume th...	Biochemistry	Structure and function of protein
a5aefc13-e516-4edb-9531-ae2c91b9f6dc	Stimulation of which of the following nerves cause improvement in mood?	Olfactory Nerve	Optic Nerve	Trigeminal Nerve	Vagus Nerve	3d	single	2 Advanced treatment options for depression: Vagus Nerve Stimulation: A number of clinical studies have shown that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has antidepressant effects in patients with depression resistant to four or more treatments. Improvement with VNS result in enhanced neurocognitive function in many patients. ...	Psychiatry	null
32543497-9ef0-429c-89cc-0e6175140b6f	Not true about experimental study	Always prospective	Unethical to use in animal	Can not be double blinded in animal trails	Interim analysis is permitted	1b	multi	Experimental epidemiology meant the study of epidemics among colonies of experimental animals such as rats and mice ( refer pg: 80, park 23 rd edition)	Social & Preventive Medicine	Epidemiology
22158f61-d9e6-4049-aa9f-eaab32e58a24	All of the following are used to assess the nutritional status of an individual, except -	Urinary nitrogen excretion	Mid arm circumference	Serum immunoglobulin	Serum transferrin	2c	multi	Serum immunoglobulin is not a measure to assess the nutritional status. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 586	Social & Preventive Medicine	Nutrition and health
345780f1-03c5-44c9-8aff-8e1e2e254430	Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is preferred to Trans-thoracic echocardiogram (TTE) in:	Evaluation of Pericardial diseases	Evaluation of Tricuspid wall vegetations	Evaluation of Left Ventricular Apical Thrombi	Evaluation of Left Atrial Appendage Thrombi	3d	multi	Answer is D (Evaluation of Left Atrial Appendage Thrombi) Trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is preferred to Trans-thoracic echocardiogram (TTE) for smaller, atrial and posterior masses such as the Left Atrial Appendage Thrombi. TTE is the standard test for the noninvasive evaluation of pericardial disease. Identifi...	Medicine	null
66025f92-02c8-4c4b-9431-cb671b8c6bee	Child with h/o hypopigmented macule on back, infantile spasm and delayed milestone has	NF	Sturge weber syndrome	Tuberous sclerosis	Nevus anemicus.	2c	single	C i.e. Tuberous sclerosis	Skin	null
4f296411-845f-4ff2-91fe-2a46929bb9c6	Diuretic causing impaired glucose tolerance is ?	Triamterene	Acetazolamide	Amiloride	Thiazide	3d	single	Ans. is'd'i.e., ThiazideRef KDT &/e p. 567; Katung If le p. 261Diuretics causing hyperglycemia are loop diuretics (furosemide) and thiazide diuretics.	Pharmacology	null
c8d2c819-e67f-40ce-8458-9b123b83d82d	Causes of community-acquired native valve endocarditis are	Streptocccus viridians	Staphylococcus aureus	Diphtheriods	Staphyloccous epidermidis	0a	single	Streptococcus viridans is a group which normally resides in the mouth and upper respiratory tract and is alpha hemolytic. In persons with pre-existing cardiac lesions, they may cause bacterial endocarditis, Streptococcus sanguis being most often responsible. Following tooth extraction or dental procedures, they cause t...	Microbiology	Bacteriology
73c6352b-a3b2-40f4-8b5b-e05a1731aec9	Which of the following is the mechanism of action of methyl dopa?	Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors	Agonism of alpha 2 receptors	Blockade of alpha 2 receptors	Agonism of beta 2 receptors.	1b	single	So, both the Methyl dopa & clonidine are used as Anti- hypeensive drugs. KEY POINTS ABOUT METHYL DOPA It's a prodrug DOC in pregnancy induced hypeension (but if both Labetalol and Methyl dopa are given in option mark Labetalol as the drug of choice S/E of Methyl Dopa - Hemolytic Anemia	Pharmacology	Sympathetic System
ecbfbcde-2585-4ab8-a446-377c61d7fe27	Rickettsial pox is caused by ?	Rickettsia ricketsiae	Rickettsia akari	R. Typhi	Rickettsia coonri	1b	single	Rickettsial pox caused by R.akari Reference; Park&;s Textbook of preventive and social medicine, 24th edition.Pg no. 316	Social & Preventive Medicine	Communicable diseases
1a188c3e-585d-4395-b757-860ecddec7c2	Elements of primary health care include all except:	Safe water supply and sanitation	Treatment of common illness and injury	Essential Drugs	Referral services	3d	multi	Elements of Primary Health Care: E - Health Education (health problem & control). L - Locally Endemic disease (prevention & control). E - Essential drugs. M - MCH (Maternal & Child Health) including FP. E - EPI (Immunization against 6 Vaccine Preventable Diseases). N - Nutrition/ food supply. T - Treatment of co...	Dental	null
00646152-3ca0-4a34-8bca-1c24af980c41	A newborn presenting with intestinal obstruction showed on abdominal X-ray, multiple air fluid levels. The diagnosis is not likely to be -	Pyloric obstruction	Duodenal atresia	Illeal atresia	Ladd s bands	0a	single	Ans- A Question ask -The diagnosis is not likely to be	Radiology	Abdominal Radiography
30d8b0ae-90c0-429b-b561-05947e08c118	Both hepatic and renal failures can be	CCI4	Arsenic	Copper sulfate	All	3d	multi	D i.e. All Both hepatic and renal failure can be caused by Paracetamol, Carbon tetrachloride, Arsenic, CuSO4, & Mushroom poisoningQ	Forensic Medicine	null
edf3e710-2fe4-4890-8ea6-4273b1b0dd5b	Cause of hydrocele in infants	Patent processus vaginalis	Patent gubernaculum	Impaired drainage	Epididymal cyst	0a	single	null	Surgery	null
ad57fc51-e5e0-4b68-986c-0b2d12b09ff7	In which type of poisonings is gastric lavage contraindicated?	Organophosphorus poisoning	Sedative drug poisoning	Corrosive acid poisoning	Barium carbonate poisoning	2c	single	Ans. C. Corrosive acid poisoningGastric Lavage is contraindicated when patients havea. Corrosive substance poisoningb. Convulsion (strychnine, tetanus)c. Comad. Volatile poisons (kerosene)e. Hypothermiaf. patients at risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage or perforation.g. aluminum phosphide poisoning	Pharmacology	Miscellaneous (Pharmacology)
c37fbf1d-fd6e-4943-8fef-f481d865f2cb	True about atopic dermatitis are all except -	Pruritus	Scratching	Mica like scales	Xerosis	2c	multi	Mica like scales are characteristic of pityriasis lichenoidis chronica(PLC) Pruritus,scratching and Xe rosins are the features of atopic dermatitis. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2341	Dental	Dermatitis
0b4dda03-bc10-442e-8994-97cc7e40cc6a	A disease that produces decreased inhibitory input to the internal segment of the globus pallidus should have what effect on the motor area of the cerebral coex	Increased excitatory feedback directly to the coex	No effect	Decreased excitatory output from the thalamus to the coex	Increased excitatory output from the putamen to the coex	2c	multi	The decrease in inhibition of globus pallidus internus will make its signals more strong.Globus pallidus internus inhibits thalamus. so inhibition of thalamus increases.Thalamus have an excitatory effect on motor coex, this signal is decreased as thalamus is inhibited.	Physiology	General physiology
ce791f22-da23-434b-bd1b-85268ca1ff27	Kernicterus is invariably associated with	Crigler-Najjar syndrome type-I	Crigler-Najjar syndrome type-II	Dubin Johnson syndrome	Rotor syndrome	0a	single	Inherited Unconjugated HyperbilirubinemiaCrigler Najjar Type - 1 Crigler Najjar Type - 2Persistence of unconjugated bilirubin > 20mg/dl after 1st week in the absence of hemolysis suggests CN-1.KERNICTERUS -usual UDPGT activity reduced.Autosomal recessive.Rx - Phototherapy.Heme oxygenase inhibition by metalloporphyrin t...	Pathology	All India exam
e8d4a0b3-b194-4a1a-b75b-560875903705	The most appropriate technique for mammography is:	Spot Compression view	Medial lateral oblique view	Lateral view	Medilateral view	1b	single	Ans. (b) Medio lateral oblique viewRef: Harrison 19th ed. / 525There are numerous mammography views that can broadly be split into two groups* Standard views- Medio-Lateral, Medio-lateral oblique, Craniocaudal* Supplementary views - Additional information or problem solving# The mediolateral oblique (MLO) view is one o...	Radiology	Plain Film Radiography, Fluoroscopy, and Tomosynthesis
79525269-3f90-4773-89b4-7136845de768	In microcornea, diameter of cornea is less than:	9 mm	10 mm	11 mm	8 mm	1b	single	Ans. 10 mm	Ophthalmology	null
72f11ff9-fc8c-41ab-82f2-b141c882626b	A 3-week-female infant is brought for ambiguous genitalia and hyperpigmentation of skin. She has hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?	21 hydroxylase deficiency	17 alpha hydroxylase deficiency	17, 20 lyase deficiency	11 beta hydroxylase deficiency	0a	single	a. 21 hydroxylase deficiency(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2227-2729, Ghai 8/e p 525)The given clinical scenario of ambiguous genitalia, hyperpigmentation and electrolyte disturbances suggest a diagnosis of CAH due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency.Features Seen in Adrenal Enzyme Deficiency17-a-hydroxylase11-b hydroxylase21 hydroxyl...	Pediatrics	Endocrinology
aa213ed0-f7b2-4a5e-81f1-140acfbdc8e8	Death of a person due to compressing of neck by another person is:	Hanging	Throttling	Bansdola	Asphyxiating	1b	single	Ans. b (Throttling). (Ref. Textbook of FMT by Parikh 6th ed. 3.53)Throttlingis defined as a form of strangulation effected by hand, and is therefore often called manual strangulation.Mugging (choke-hold)When strangulation is effected by compressing the victim's neck against forearm.GarrotingVictim is attacked from back...	Forensic Medicine	Asphyxial Deaths
c3d658ca-ac02-4bab-8ef5-1cf465cbbc1c	A 2-year-old child with severe dehydration has sudden-onset Gross Hematuria with a unilateral flank mass. The most likely diagnosis is	Renal vein thrombosis	Hemolytic syndrome	Wilm's tumor	Hydronephrosis	0a	single	null	Pediatrics	null
f05b6ddc-1ae5-46a1-8b21-261bc482f46f	Infection with herpes simplex virus, a common human pathogen, is best described by which of the following statements?	The CNS and visceral organs are usually involved	It rarely recurs in a host who has a high antibody titer	It can be reactivated by emotional disturbances or prolonged exposure to sunlight	Initial infection usually occurs by intestinal absorption of the virus	2c	multi	The initial infection by herpes simplex virus is often inapparent and occurs through a break in the skin or mucous membranes, such as in the eye, throat, or genitals. Latent infection often persists at the initial site despite high antibody titers. Recurrent disease can be triggered by temperature change, emotional dis...	Microbiology	Virology
ecdb0306-bc7b-4bc6-88cb-917a88f701ec	Increase is Pauwel's angle indicate -	Good prognosis	Impaction	More chances of displacement	Trabecular alignment disrupted	2c	single	*The more the angle, the more unstable is the fracture, and worse the prognosis. Ref: Maheshwari 9th/e p.132,133& 4th/e p.129	Orthopaedics	Pelvis and Hip injuries
ef0b1d8c-fdd8-4895-84a1-9edce78782b9	Investigation of choice of diphtheria carrier is -	Throat Swab Culture	Gram's stain	Albe's stain	Zeil Nelson's stain	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Throat Swab Culture Carriers can be detected only by cultural methods --> Swabs are taken from nose and throat and it is examined by cultural methods for Diphtheria bacilli	Microbiology	null
b2e300ca-8c07-4ecd-965b-d5185fbb9aab	An anatomic structure which has a worm-hole radiolucency is characteristic of	Maxillary sinus	Mandibular canal	Nutrient canal	Mental foramen	2c	single	null	Radiology	null
a2108ba6-0ac8-4aea-9e94-d3384e89f40f	Ergot alkaloid commonly used to prevent postpartum hemorrhage is :	Methylergometrine	Ergotamine	Dihydroergotamine	Dihydroergotoxine	0a	single	Methylergometrine (methergine) is administered during delivery of anterior shoulder to prevent postpartum hemorrhage.	Pharmacology	null
b3e04f43-95e4-431c-ba83-caf71e6932e5	True about hyperkalemia -	Stop hea in systole	Insulin-Glucose is given	ECG is diagnostic	Serum potassium more than 5.2 mmol\/L	2c	multi	Classically, the electrocardiographic manifestations in hyperkalemia progress from tall peaked T waves (5.5-6.5 mM), to a loss of P waves (6.5-7.5 mM) to a widened QRS complex (7.0-8.0 mM), and, ultimately, a to a sine wave pattern (>8.0 mM). However, these changes are notoriously insensitive, paicularly in patients wi...	Medicine	Fluid and electrolytes
a0db46ec-37bb-4aa0-a462-0486d99d9a6f	With couinaud's segment nomenclature, which one the following segments of liver has an independent vascularization	Segment I	Segment II	Segment IV	Segment VIII	0a	single	Segment I is the caudate lobe and is situated posterior l and it may receive its supply from both the right and the left branches of poal vein. It contains one or more hepatic veins which drain directly into the IVC Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno : 1422	Anatomy	G.I.T
121ea509-2992-4799-88ff-26a9a4a6a3f9	All are usuful in acute appendicitis except -	Antibiotics	Analgesics	IV Fluids	Purgation	3d	multi	null	Surgery	null
d86cdb33-cb87-41a9-9c4d-ec97abf5651f	The mechanism of action of surfactant is	Lubricates the flow of CO2 diffusion	Binds oxygen	Makes the capillary surface hydrophilic	Breaks the structure of water in the alveoli	3d	single	Ans. is 'd' i.e. Breaks the structure of water in the alveoli The water molecules on the surface of water (at air-water interphase) have an especially strong attraction for one another. This results in the water surface to contract producing surface tension.Thus the water molecules lining the alveoli produce an elastic...	Physiology	Functional Anatomy - Respiratory System
b0b3ae7b-0618-4ef9-b829-6e9a05bb4908	Cell lining of common bile duct is :	Stratified columnar	Stratified squamous	Simple cuboidal	Simple columnar	3d	single	Ans. 4. Simple columnar > 3. Simple cuboidal Cell lining of common bile duct is simple columnar epithelium, it may be cuboidal at the proximal region. The Intrahepatic ducts, cystic duct, and the common bile duct are lined by tall columnar epithelium. Ducts are usually lined by simple cuboidal epithelium, which differe...	Anatomy	Epithelial tissue
87261074-15a7-4e42-9e00-7cfc1c025da7	In tetany the increased membrane excitability is caused by:	Decreased release of inhibitory neurotransmitter from nerve terminals	Depolarization of the nerve and muscle membranes	Spontaneous release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum	Activation of sodium channels at more negative membrane potentials	1b	single	Membrane excitability is related to the ease with which depolarization opens Na+ channels. The opening of the Na+ channel in response to depolarization is, in pa, related to the extracellular Ca2+ concentration; the lower the extracellular Ca2+ concentration, the easier it is for Na + channels to open when the membrane...	Surgery	null
7bb353fe-e19d-4014-a507-04f28d6b126b	Which of the following is true regarding cardiac MRI	Infarcted myocardium is hypointense on T2-MRI	Viable myocardium can be differentiated from infarcted myocardium	Prosthetic hea valves are an absolute contraindication for MRI	It is better than CT for non-invasive assessment of coronary aeries	1b	multi	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Viable myocardium can be differentiated from infarcted myocardium.Infarcted myocardium appears hypointense on T1-MRI and hyperintense on T2-MRIViable myocardium can be easily differentiated from infarcted tissue.Prosthetic hea valves are a relative contraindications for MRI.Multislice CT is a better m...	Radiology	null
cc26ebd2-5cb1-46fc-a16f-aaea93f933a4	Day light factor in living room should he?	8%	6%	10%	15%	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e., 8%	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
b7ba0310-9b87-4f6b-ad4b-c37e4317ddc6	Cathelicidins are rich in which of the following amino acid?	Cysteine	Cystine	Methionine	Arginine	3d	single	Microbial killing can also occur through the action of other substances in leukocyte granules. Cationic arginine-rich granule peptides that are toxic to microbes; cathelicidins is present in leukocyte granules. Ref: Robbins 8th edition, Chapter 2.	Pathology	null
cf04fbc1-017f-4298-8395-f993d15f3906	Neonate triangular cord sign on USG is seen in –	Galactosemia	Biliary atresia	Hepatitis	None	1b	multi	Triangular cord sign is seen in biliary ateria due to fibrosis.	Radiology	null
71933137-098f-4aaf-b409-7bed1d5e3c29	Peyronie's disease affects the -	Breast	Vagina	Scrotum	Penis	3d	single	Ans. is 'd' i.e., Penis	Surgery	null
9181ca89-36cf-4bbb-9201-261520d3227a	A 67-year-old man with an 18-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presents for a routine physical examination. His temperature is 36.9 C (98.5 F), his blood pressure is 158/98 mm Hg and his pulse is 82/minute and regular. On examination, the physician notes a non tender, pulsatile, mass in the mid-abdomen. A plain ...	Diastolic pressure is greater in the abdominal aoa in the supine position	Negative intrathoracic pressure reduces aoic wall tension in the thorax	The average blood flow in the abdominal aoa is greater than that in the thoracic aoa	The average blood pressure in the abdominal aoa is higher than that in the thoracic aoa	3d	multi	Increased blood pressure is a strong risk factor for atherosclerosis, and humans pay a price for their erect sitting and standing postures. In these postures, the abdominal aoa experiences the weight of a column of blood added to the pressure produced by the hea. In the supine posture, the pressures in the thoracic and...	Physiology	null
1f4801a0-c9c5-4fda-b55d-0a193fe99622	Most important from of carbon-dioxide transport in the blood	It is mostly transported as carboxy hemoglobin	As dissolved CO2	As bicarbonates	Due to CO2 molecules attached to hemoglobin	2c	single	The route by which most of the carbon dioxide is carried in the bloodstream. Once dissolved in the blood plasma, carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid, which immediately ionizes into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. The bicarbonate ions serve as part of the alkaline reserve.	Physiology	null
e40da2d7-1b90-4773-9b46-a4746de28849	A 45 year old comes with symptoms of septic ahritis. What will be the most common cause in this patient?	Gonococcus	Staphylococcus aureus	Salmonella	Pneumococci	1b	single	Staphylococcus aureus is the most common (about 90%) organism isolated in septic ahritis in adults. In neonates joint sepsis is caused by S. aureus with group B streptococci being the next most common. In young children aged 2 months to 2 years, S. aureus, Streptococcus and Haemophilus influenza in an decreasing order....	Surgery	null
8d07f1a5-e144-49fc-ab94-0403949bd0e6	Which of the following therapeutic index (T.I.) values represent the greatest safety profile for a drug?	100	1,000	500	2	1b	single	Although factors such as idiosyncratic reactions or allergic reactions can contribute to the overall safety profile of a drug, the therapeutic index gives a reliable indication of the drugs safety margin if other considerations are assumed to be equal. The therapeutic index represents the ratio between the median letha...	Pharmacology	null
f293fe33-634c-45d6-8223-fe7fa3266360	Mechanism of analgesia is by	Nocioeptin stimulation	Nooistatln stimulation	Nicotinic & cholinergic receptors	Anadumide receptors	0a	single	The degree to which a person reacts to pain varies tremendously. This variation results paly from a capability of the brain itself to suppress input of pain signals to thenervous system by activating a pain control system called an analgesia system. The analgesia system consists of three major components: (1) The peria...	Physiology	Nervous system
0b877906-faae-44f7-bdc0-1502acb9aba0	Investigation of choice in a pregnant lady at 16 weeks of pregnancy with past H/0 delivering a baby with Downs syndrome:	Triple screen test	Amniocentesis	Chorionic villous sampling	USG	1b	single	Dual marker and Triple marker tests are screening tests and since the patient here already has a past history of Downs syndrome fetus, she is at an increased risk of having an aneuploid fetus again, so it is advisable to undergo a diagnostic procedure rather than a screening test. Fetal chromosomes can be assessed only...	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	Diagnosis of Pregnancy
219eba4a-9450-4af8-8b14-c24be04f9cc9	Collection duct has which cells	Principal and intercalated	Parietal and oxyntic cells	Lacis cells	Podocytes	0a	single	Ans. (a) Principal and intercalated(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.672)Colleting duct is made up of two types of cell: principal cells (P cells) and intercalated cells (I cells)	Physiology	Kidneys and Body Fluids
d06b518e-cd6b-4ad6-9a8a-63adbfb47523	In case of Gow-Gates technique the target area is	Neck of condyle	Head of the condyle	Medial side of the ramus	Lateral side of the condyle	0a	single	null	Surgery	null
c57d15e1-0fe3-458f-ae30-b98fd09ef833	In a population of 200 people with normal distribution. How many people would be included in 1 SD	136	140	150	190	0a	single	Ans. a. 136	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
c5ea4620-931f-413e-860b-f514305c8d48	If the prevalence of a disease in a population increases, the predictive value of a positive test ?	Increases	Decreases	Remains constant	Becomes compromised	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Increases	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
05f2c688-9444-4be6-9a3a-bb439249c795	Which of the following is TRUE differential cause of referred otalgia?	Carcinoma larynx	Carcinoma oral cavity	Carcinoma tongue	All of the above	3d	multi	Otalgia can occur as a symptom of carcinoma on the base of tongue, pharynx or larynx. Ear receives nerve supply from 4 cranial nerves such as trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus; and from two branches of cervical plexus called C2 (lesser occipital) and C2 and C3 (greater auricular), pain maybe referred from ...	ENT	null
4d6cb090-ded4-4d9f-a8f0-2ed765764c3d	Child with generalized petechiae. CSF shows gram negative diplococci. Treatment	IV Ceftriaxone	IV Penicillin G	IV Cefotaxine	IV Penicillin V	0a	single	Most patients (70-80%) presenting with fever and petechiae have defined or presumed viral infections, which are often caused by enteroviruses or adenovirus. Parvovirus B19 may also be responsible for many cases of fever and generalized petechiae inchildren. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition	Pediatrics	Central Nervous system
53d900ef-f68f-42f2-9950-c1faac37b6d4	Glasgow coma scale includes all except	Eye opening	Verbal response	Motor response	Swallowing reflex	3d	multi	null	Surgery	null
b4251522-4482-4643-bcf2-b1ec89207c76	An elderly couple living in a very cold apament turned on the oven, opened the oven door, and went to sleep. The next morning, the neighbors found the couple dead. The direct mechanism by which death was caused most likely involves which of the following?	Damage to the plasmalemma	Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood	Increased calcium transpo into mitochondria	Poisoning of oxidative phosphorylation	1b	single	The scenario described in the question stem is unfounately not at all uncommon. The open oven door is a tip-off that carbon monoxide was involved. Carbon monoxide has a very high affinity for hemoglobin, and binds, nearly irreversibly, to it in such a manner that oxygen cannot bind, drastically decreasing the oxygen-ca...	Physiology	null
da3ebac5-a489-4dae-8a0c-abdd1ccae185	Pulp core contains	Undifferentiated cells	Nerve bundles	Large vessels	All of the above	3d	multi	null	Dental	null
649df0cd-af36-4d2a-88b6-558b8b3e00cb	Cholinesterase is seen in venom of: DNB 08	Elapids	Vipers	Sea snakes	All	0a	multi	Ans. Elapids	Forensic Medicine	null
04d85483-c493-464d-a667-40b69f0ad117	The following are the components of apgar score except	Color	Muscle tone	Hea rate	Respiratory rate	3d	multi	Apgar score is an objective method of evaluating the newborn&;s condition. It includes Hea rate, Respiratory effo, Muscle tone, Reflex irritability and Color. It is generally performed at 1min and again at 5 min after bih. Reference : page 127 Ghai Essential Pediatrics 9 th edition	Pediatrics	New born infants
65192915-9271-4766-80d3-a5d6bff994c6	Anaesthetic agent causing hallucination is	Ketamine	Ether	Nitrous Oxide	Cyclopropane	0a	multi	Ans. is 'a' i.e. Ketamine Ketamine is an analogue of phencyclidine and therefore it causes hallucinations.Facts you must always remember about Ketamine.It causes Dissociative Anaesthesia It causes sympathetic stimulation which leads to Cardiac stimulation-increase O2 demand** Bronchodilation-it is anaesthetic of choi...	Anaesthesia	Anesthesia for Neurologic & Psychiatric Diseases
dcf0ad73-4b97-443e-bc29-2f69fa9fb3bf	When is surgery not done in cases of Ulcerative Colitis?	Toxic megacolon	Colonic perforation	Colonic obstruction	Refractory fistula	3d	single	Surgical indications for ulcerative colitis: Urgent Non-urgent: Fulminant colitis Toxic megacolon Perforation Massive hemorrhage Acute colonic obstruction Colon cancer Medically refractory disease Unacceptable medication related toxicity Dysplasia Suspected ca Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease MC pa involved is Rectum...	Medicine	Inflammatory Bowel Disease
e3a83f62-3191-4c1b-ac2f-8cdf6107aead	In contrast to heparin, enoxaparin:	Can be used without monitoring the patient's aPTT	Is less likely to have a teratogenic effect	Is more likely to be given intravenously	Is more likely to cause thrombosis and thrombocytopenia	0a	single	Enoxaprin is a LMW heparin. It does not require monitoring. Both heparin as well as enoxaprin do not cross placenta and are not teratogenic.	Pharmacology	Hematology
f8900b57-8135-4aeb-83c1-e9713c23bf49	Cigar body is seen in -	Cryptococcus	Histoplasmosis	Sporotrichosis	Aspergillosis	2c	single	Cigar shaped yeast cells are seen in sporothrix schenkii which is a dimorphic fungus. at 37 degree C - it is yeast at 25 degree C - it is mold Flower like sporulation appearance is seen in mould form of the sporothrix Sporotrichosis ( Rose gardener's disease)	Microbiology	Mycology
ee3429bc-6506-45d3-966c-4326700d813e	Tooth whitening strip is	H2O2	HF	Carbamide peroxide	Sodium perborate	0a	single	null	Dental	null
32c9ff43-b934-49ab-8527-e41a6213bf21	Ultrasound frequency used for diagnostic purposes in obstetrics :	1-20 MHz	20-40 MHz	40-60 MHz	60-80 MHz	0a	single	A i.e. 1-20 MHz	Radiology	null
22f6ba6f-dc65-4f79-b4a8-aea1718b37e1	Disseminated intravascular coagulation is present in all except -	Prolonged pregnancy	Amniolotic fluid embolism	Septic shock	Abruptio placentae	0a	multi	Ans: A	Unknown	null
19daf8fe-6fed-4293-aa8a-2ccbff3e746c	What is ligament of lockwood related to	Gall bladder	Scrotum	Orbit	Lens	2c	multi	Ans. (c) OrbitRef: Khurana Anatomy 2/e, p. 493It is a fascial expansion of the extraocular muscles formed by fusion of sheaths of MR, IR, LR, IO extending from the posterior lacrimal crest to the lateral orbital margin.	Ophthalmology	Orbit
d5013dba-de46-4811-9a8d-fa4ecd114abb	Why is a child abler to breathe and suckle at the same time	Sho soft palate	Sho tongue	High placed larynx	Small pharynx	2c	multi	High placed larynx A baby can suck milk into mouth and because of its palate its mouth is separated from its nasal cavity so white it is sucking in milk it can also breathe through its nose. When the infant has to swallow the soft palate rapidly moves upward to close off the hack of the nasal air tube. At the same time...	Anatomy	null
601bf305-2426-4567-a7ef-3648430ee89b	Fatty liver with hepatomegaly is seen in:	Marasmus	Metabolic syndrome	Wilson disease	Nutmeg liver	1b	single	OPTION B: Metabolic syndrome - Obesity - Fatty liver Option A: Marasmus do not have hepatomegaly rather kwashiorkor will have hepatomegaly Option C: Wilson disease leads to Cirrhosis Option D: Nutmeg liver leads to Cirrhosis Best test for fatty liver = Gamma GGT Alcoholic liver disease + fatty liver - Best Test - SGOT ...	Medicine	FMGE 2017
c4402817-16e0-46e4-85f3-e2806819d85e	Prognosis for carcinoma rectum is best assessed by -	Site of tumour	Histological grading	Size of tumours	Duration of the symptoms	1b	single	No effect on Prognosis: Tumor size and duration of symptoms. Tumor size and configuration (endophytic, exophytic, annular) do not carry any prognostic significance in colorectal carcinoma.	Surgery	null
02e6af69-4ef7-4241-99e7-5bc9d7b9d7a6	In the stage of Grey hepatization -	WBC's fill the alveoli	RBC's fill the alveoli	Organisms fill the alveoli	Accumulation of fibrin	3d	single	Pathological changes of bacterial pneumonia A. Lobar pneumonia Large confluent area of the lung or entire lobes is consolidated. The lower lobes are affected most commonly. There are four stages of the inflammatory response (Laennec's stages) - 1. Stage of congestion (initial phase) The affected lobe is enlarged, h...	Pathology	null
291d3c7a-1005-4580-8764-288a091364b9	True about carcinoma larynx -	Glottis is most common site	Rarely presents with metastasis	Adenocarcinoma is commonest type	Responds to chemotherapy very well	0a	multi	null	ENT	null
83db8501-995c-4248-85c7-67e9bc66a6c1	A child presents with ascending flaccid paralysis. There is subsequent respiratory muscle involvement. CSF examination shows albuminocytological dissociation. Treatment of choice is :	Cycloserine	Oral prednisolone	I.V. methyl prednisolone	I.V. immunoglobins	3d	single	Answer is D (I.V. Immunoglobins): The characteristic clinical presentation and CSF finding lead us to the diagnosis of GBS Either high does intravenous immunoglobulins or plasmapharesis can be initiated as they are equally effective. -- Harrison 's Glucocoicoids have not been found to be effective in GBS - Harrisons St...	Medicine	null
a801a04d-44c3-415c-817b-0c893918d609	Which of the following is true in respect to the ciliary ganglion?	Sympathetic fibers synapse in the ciliary ganglion	Afferent fibers from the iris and cornea pass through the ganglion	The ganglion is located between the optic nerve and medial rectus	Parasympathetic fibers in the ganglion are derived from CN VII	1b	multi	Afferent fibers from the iris and cornea pass through the ciliary ganglion.	Anatomy	null
c60b9dc4-e116-4eac-a849-0408e00e54b3	Aplastic anemia in hereditary spherocytosis precipitated by-	Parvo virus	HIV	Adenovirus	Influenza virus	0a	single	Answer is A (Parvovirus) Aplastic crisis is usually triggered by an acute parvovirus infection.	Medicine	null
c407dae6-43d7-46d4-b47f-fbed05cbd1ee	Howell-Jolly bodies are seen in-	Liver disease	Postsplenectomy	Hemolysis	DIC	1b	single	Howell Jolly bodies are purple nuclear remnants ,usually found singly, and are larger than basophilic stippling.They are present in megaloblastic anemia & after splenectomy.Reference :Harsh Mohan Textbook of pathology sixth edition pg no 293.	Medicine	Haematology
749da3df-0aee-438c-9cb0-667e1c67e305	Which of the following is not seen in hereditary spherocytosis -	Direct Coombs test + ve	Increased osmotic fragility	Leg ulcers	Splenomegaly	0a	single	null	Medicine	null
65cb02ff-0ec0-45c3-8f7a-6fe345b251b4	All act by inhibiting call wall synthesis except ?	Aminoglycoside	Penicillin	Cycloserine	Bacitracin	3d	multi	Ans. is 'd' i.e., Pramlinitide	Pharmacology	null
8672ebc1-a842-4575-bb44-bd3247ff2e9e	A mother brings her 10 year old son to OPD because of a history of medullary carcinoma of thyroid in his father and grandparents. There are no findings on physical examination. Which of the following tests you would perform?	Serum insulin level	Serum glucagon level	Urine vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) level	Serum somatostatin level	2c	single	Most cases of medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) are sporadic. But 25% occur in inherited syndromes such as familial medullary thyroid cancer and MEN types 2A and 2B. These occur due to germline mutations in the RET protooncogene. MEN2A consists of Medullary thyroid cancer, Pheochromocytoma and Primary hyperparathyroid...	Surgery	Parathyroid and adrenal glands
810b6fa4-de9b-441e-af10-8548f2db8072	Immunoglobulins are secreted by:	Macrophages	Plasma cells	T-cells	Neutrophils	1b	single	null	Microbiology	null
6231a4c1-2264-4afd-b0ed-6e852d7e86ef	Molybdenum is a constituent of:	Xanthine oxidase	Cytochrome oxidase	Phosphofructokinase	Carbonic anhydrase	0a	single	Molybdenum containing enzymes include aldehyde oxidase, sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase.	Biochemistry	null
e4fc6f61-f693-4d1e-b2b2-694cf47c9db8	Regarding propofol, which one of the following is false :	It is used as an intravenous induction agent	It causes severe vomiting	It is painful on injecting intravenously	It has no muscle relaxant property	1b	multi	null	Pharmacology	null
7472e4c6-6ee5-4497-9cbd-bb2ae1ca1914	Which one of the following serum levels would help in distinguishing an acute liver disease from chronic liver disease	Aminotransaminase	Alkaline phosphatase	Bilirubin	Albumin	3d	single	Answer- D. AlbuminSerum albumin has a long half life 15-20 days with approximately 4% degraded per day	Medicine	null
466c55a2-5cb6-4cc3-bf12-e3b23d64d4b4	True about optic nerve glioma	Seen in old individuals	Painful proptosis	Can cause hematoma	Unilateral proptosis	3d	multi	Optic Nerve Glioma Can cause gradual, painless, unilateral Proptosis a/w Neurofibromatosis 1 Mainly affect children (1-10 year) Have characteristic fusiform enlargement of optic nerve Optic Nerve Glioma - Fusiform Enlargement of optic nerve - Nerve is not seen separately from the mass	Ophthalmology	Squint
f5be34b7-5570-4e19-9a08-6c0e27378cef	Which of the following types of leukemia is administered prophylactic methotrexate for CNS prophylaxis –	ALL	AML	CLL	CML	0a	multi	null	Pediatrics	null
e0ced2a5-2f38-45de-ba5b-d72f5a126abe	Serum alkaline phosphate is not rassed in ?	Primary biliary cirrhosis	Hyperparathyoidism	Multiple myeloma	Hepatitis	2c	single	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Multiple Myeloma	Pathology	null
069dcb39-966e-4ca6-b0ef-eb28d4aae478	Golden S sign is seen in:	Bronchogenic carcinoma with collapse of lung	Traction Bronchiectasis with apical scarring	Emphysema with increased lucency and flattened diagphragm	Pulmonary edema	0a	single	Ans. (a) Bronchogenic carcinoma with collapse of lung* The Golden S sign (reverse S sign of Golden.) is seen in PA chest radiographs with right upper lobe collapse.* It is caused by a central mass obstructing the upper lobe bronchus and should raise suspicion of a primary bronchogenic carcinoma.* The right upper lobe a...	Radiology	Imaging of Lung Nodules and Masses
ce8f1cab-d992-4bea-a3f7-5948117e4a2d	Anterior belly of digastric is supplied by:	Branch of mandibular nerve/ Mylohyoid nerve	Branch of facial nerve	Branch of cervical plexus	Hypoglossal nerve	0a	single	null	Anatomy	null
ae8bd91c-9fd0-4273-be9f-47c42d3ed690	Which of the following is a mineralocoicoid antagonist ?	Spironolactone	Inamrinone	Nicorandil	Ketorolac	0a	multi	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Spironolactone	Pharmacology	null
b0662d4c-16cf-478d-b526-98fd06cdff96	A male 25 years old presents to the dental clinic with a black spot. He also gives the history of previous dental treatments of other teeth as well and wants gold to be filled in his tooth. On examination, it is revealed that 16 no. tooth has pit and fissure caries. Which preparation is used for retention in this resto...	Vertically oriented grooves	Horizontally oriented grooves	Coves	Skirts	3d	multi	Skirts. Skirts are preparation features used in cast gold restorations that extend the preparation around some, if not all, of the line angles of the tooth. When properly prepared, skirts provide additional, opposing vertical walls that increase retention of the restoration. The placement of skirts also enables incre...	Dental	null
cb977d8f-746e-4852-a3ce-8a5631f5131f	Eichosapentaenoic acid is present in	Soyabean oil	Corn oil	Sunflower oil	Fish oil	3d	single	null	Dental	null
c8cfe35e-3d9f-49ee-838e-f9e79b9050bb	First pathological change apparent in Nephrotic syndrome is	Thickening of the glomerular capillary wall and effacement of podocyte foot processes	Segmental sclerosis of glomerulus	Break in basement membrane	Mononuclear infiltration	0a	multi	Most forms of primary GN and many of the secondary glomerular diseases in human beings have immunologic pathogenesis. This view is largely based on immunofluorescence studies of GN in humans which have revealed glomerular deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in patterns that closely resemble those of experimental...	Pathology	Urinary tract
099f6a8c-8ee6-4e13-8651-764a6c23c771	Well known Zadek's procedure is:	Resection of part of nail with nail bed	Resection of complete nail with part of nail bed	Injection of phenol at base of toe nail	Wide excisions of nail	1b	single	Ans. (b) Resection of complete nail with part of nail bed* Zadek's procedure is the surgical correction of ingrowing toe nail.* Removal of complete nail with part of nail bed.	Surgery	Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
f8e5e359-6131-4cb0-83de-7cdd92e2f8a1	Features of secondary syphilis are/is a) Condyloma accuminata b) Condyloma lata c) Mulberry/moon molar d) Lesions over palms/sales	ac	bd	bc	ad	1b	single	null	Medicine	null
ba259ac9-9c5b-41bf-ad6e-86fa5f3ab812	Gillmore needle is used for	Testing the strength of plaster of paris	Evaluating the setting time of plaster of paris	Testing the metal hardness	Testing the purity of noble metals	1b	single	null	Dental	null
8a768bb0-88c2-43f1-aa2c-70a7c94c143e	In cystoid macular edema fluid collects in the macular region at the level of	Outer nuclear layer	Outer plexiform layer	Inner plexiform layer	Between pigment epithelium and neurosensory retina	1b	single	Ans. Outer plexiform layer	Ophthalmology	null
42eb627f-a77e-4484-98d9-15e8b5e2248e	Unna boot is used for treatment of:	Diabetic foot ulcer	Varicose ulcers	Ankle instability	Calcaneum fracture	1b	single	Unna boot is used for the varicose vein ulcers.	Orthopaedics	Lower Limb Traumatology

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