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Charter for disabled people using hospitals: a completed access audit cycle.
|
This completed audit cycle assessed access for disabled people to a district general hospital, in relation to standards laid down in the Royal College of Physicians Charter for Disabled People using Hospitals. The project was effective in demonstrating problems and implementing change to overcome them. It was also useful in raising disability awareness in the young investigators, who easily recognised the shortcomings in facilities for disabled people, and is proposed as a possible model for inclusion in medical undergraduate training programmes to raise disability awareness amongst a new generation of doctors.
|
['Disabled Persons', 'Elevators and Escalators', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Hospital Design and Construction', 'Hospitals, General', 'Humans', 'London', 'Management Audit', 'Parking Facilities', 'Personnel, Hospital', 'Telephone', 'Toilet Facilities', 'Wheelchairs']
| 10,816,876
|
[['M01.150'], ['J01.086.339.115'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['J01.086.339.250', 'N02.278.200.403'], ['N02.278.421.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.433.553', 'Z01.542.363.300.553'], ['N04.452.500'], ['J03.970.680'], ['M01.526.485.740', 'N02.360.740'], ['L01.178.847.698'], ['J03.962', 'N06.850.780.200.800.800.795', 'N06.850.860.510.490'], ['E07.796.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
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|
Cyclosporine in pediatric kidney transplantation.
|
The immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporin A plus low-dose prednisolone in 33 children after kidney transplantation was compared with conventional treatment with azathioprine plus regular prednisolone dosage in 34 children. The results showed the following: Graft survival in the CyA group is significantly better than in the conventional group (97% vs. 68% at one year). Patient survival is the same in both groups (97% vs. 94%). Kidney function six weeks and one year after successful renal transplantation is significantly lower in the CyA group than in the conventional group. The major nephrotoxic effect of CyA seems to be related to the first period after kidney transplantation, since later the decline in renal function is the same in both treatment groups. Other side effects of CyA are not severe and are well manageable. A major benefit of CyA treatment is the growth after transplantation, which is significantly better than in the conventional group. Almost all transplanted children show normal or even catch-up growth rates.
|
['Adolescent', 'Azathioprine', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cyclosporins', 'Female', 'Graft Rejection', 'Growth', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Prednisolone']
| 3,101,430
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D02.886.759.111', 'D03.633.100.759.570.090', 'D13.570.900.111'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D04.345.566.235', 'D12.644.641.235'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['G07.345.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
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|
Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in Finnish men: a population-based study.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in Finnish men, using a population-based cross-sectional survey.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In 1994, a modified Danish prostatic symptom score system (DAN-PSS-1) questionnaire on the occurrence and severity of LUTS was mailed to all men (3143) born in 1924, 1934 or 1944 living in the city of Tampere or 11 rural and semi-rural municipalities in the same county.RESULTS: After exclusions, 68% of the men were ultimately included in the study. LUTS were common and increased with age so that the prevalence of at least one symptom was 89% in the whole population (84%) among 50-year-old, 91% among 60-year-old and 94% among 70-year-old men). Most of the symptoms were mild, with post-micturition dribbling and nocturia the most prevalent symptoms, and stress incontinence the least prevalent.CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of LUTS may indicate a high prevalence of benign prostatic enlargement secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia, but other causes are also involved. With the increase in the mean age of the general population, the number of individuals with LUTS is likely to increase and must be considered when resources are planned for medical care.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Finland', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Urban Health', 'Urinary Incontinence', 'Urinary Retention', 'Urination Disorders']
| 9,523,653
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N01.400.548.875'], ['C12.777.934.852', 'C13.351.968.934.814', 'C23.888.942.343.800'], ['C12.777.934.880', 'C13.351.968.934.880'], ['C12.777.934', 'C13.351.968.934']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A randomized controlled study of peripheral parenteral nutrition in moderate and severe alcoholic hepatitis.
|
We performed a controlled trial of peripheral hyperalimentation in moderate and severe alcoholic hepatitis to determine whether improvement in survival and liver function could be obtained. Twelve patients with moderate and 22 with severe alcoholic hepatitis were randomized to 28 days of peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) or standard therapy (ST). In the moderate group, six were treated with each therapy. In the severe group, 10 were treated with PPN and 12 with ST. Routine liver tests, hepatocyte function (galactose elimination capacity), estimated hepatic blood flow (galactose clearance) and assessment of ascites and encephalopathy were performed at randomization and at 28 days. Groups were equally matched at randomization. In the moderate group PPN produced no improvement in morbidity (liver tests) and mortality (no deaths). In the severe group there were seven deaths (4 PPN, 3 ST). PPN produced greater improvement than ST in serum bilirubin and transferrin concentrations and a trend toward greater improvement in prothrombin time, serum albumin and galactose elimination capacity. PPN had no deleterious effect on encephalopathy or ascites as only ST patients developed ascites or encephalopathy after randomization. We conclude that PPN compared to ST (1) provides no benefit in moderate alcoholic hepatitis, but (2) did more rapidly improve morbidity (liver tests) and probably liver function in severe alcoholic hepatitis; (3) PPN did not improve early mortality, and (4) it had no deleterious effect on encephalopathy or ascites.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Hepatitis, Alcoholic', 'Humans', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Parenteral Nutrition, Total', 'Random Allocation']
| 3,142,949
|
[['D12.125'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['C06.552.380.290', 'C06.552.645.490', 'C25.775.100.087.645.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['E02.421.505.575', 'E02.642.500.505.750'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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| 0
| 0
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|
The placenta in pseudoxanthoma elasticum: clinical, structural and immunochemical study.
|
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare genetic disorder clinically characterized by skin, cardiovascular and eye manifestations, mainly due to calcification and fragmentation of elastic fibres. Although infrequent, complications during pregnancy in women affected by PXE have been reported. The aim of the present study was to compare structural features of placentae at term from 14 control and 15 PXE-affected women, in order to better understand if and how abnormal mineral and/or matrix accumulation might affect placental function in PXE. In all cases, pregnancy, fetus growth and delivery were normal. Both gross and light microscopy examination did not reveal dramatic differences between placentae of PXE patients and controls, with regard to weight, dimensions, infarcts, thrombi, inflammatory lesions or vessels. However, necrotic changes and mineralization appeared statistically more pronounced in PXE. By electron microscopy the most remarkable differences between PXE and control placentae were observed in the localization and morphology of mineral precipitates; a significant higher deposition of mineral precipitates was observed associated with the "matrix"-type fibrinoid and among collagen fibrils, especially on the maternal side. Immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of vitronectin and fibronectin associated with the PXE-specific mineralizations and the absence of mineralization on the small and scarce elastic fibres in either controls or in PXE.
|
['Adult', 'Calcinosis', 'Chemical Precipitation', 'Female', 'Fibrin', 'Fibronectins', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Minerals', 'Necrosis', 'Organ Size', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum', 'Vitronectin']
| 11,440,547
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['E05.196.150', 'G02.159'], ['D12.776.124.270'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['D01.578'], ['C23.550.717'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['C14.907.454.530', 'C15.378.463.515.530', 'C16.131.831.766', 'C16.320.850.750', 'C17.300.766', 'C17.800.804.766', 'C17.800.827.750'], ['D12.776.124.920', 'D12.776.395.970', 'D12.776.860.300.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
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| 1
| 0
| 1
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|
Vulvar plasmablastic lymphoma in a HIV-positive child: a novel extraoral localisation.
|
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) has been characterised by the World Health Organization as a new entity. This report describes an unusual case of PBL in a 3-year-old HIV-infected patient showing a cutaneous vulvar lesion with 9 months of evolution and prolapsed vulvovaginal mucosa. Histopathological examination of a biopsy sample showed diffuse submucosal infiltration by large cells with a cohesive growth pattern, and round and vesicular nuclei with fine chromatin centrally or eccentrically placed with one or more prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemical staining in neoplastic cells was positive for multiple melanoma oncogene (MUM1), CD138, CD45 and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). The diagnosis was PBL, stage III. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) expression was positive by EBV encoded RNAs in situ hybridisation. This is believed to be the third case of paediatric HIV-associated PBL reported in the literature, and the first with vulvar localisation, which is a new anatomical location for this entity.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Epstein-Barr Virus Infections', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphoma, AIDS-Related', 'Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Vulvar Neoplasms']
| 19,561,233
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.171'], ['C01.925.256.466.313', 'C01.925.928.313'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.386.480.150.450', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150.450', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150.450'], ['C04.557.386.480.150.585', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150.585', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150.585'], ['C04.557.450.590.550.660', 'C04.557.450.795.550.660'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['C04.588.945.418.968', 'C13.351.500.944.819', 'C13.351.937.418.968']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a detection marker of tumor recurrence in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer after radical cystectomy.
|
PURPOSE: High-neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values have been shown to be associated with a poor prognosis in many human malignant tumors. We evaluated the correlation of the NLR with other variables in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer after radical cystectomy (RC); in particular, we evaluated chronological changes in the postoperative NLR.METHODS: We included the data from a total of 110 patients who underwent RC for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The NLR was calculated using complete blood counts determined before RC. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional regression analyses of recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) were performed to identify significant prognostic variables.RESULTS: The median patient age was 72 years (41-91 years). In univariate analysis, the pretreatment NLR (?2.6 vs.<2.6) was associated with RFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.41, P = 0.008), CSS (HR = 2.89, P = 0.006), and OS (HR = 2.73, P = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, an NLR?2.6 and an infiltrative growth pattern at the tumor invasion front were significantly associated with RFS (HR = 2.61, P = 0.023), CSS (HR = 2.58, P = 0.08), and OS (HR = 2.77, P = 0.004). Postoperative chronological analysis revealed that the NLR of 68 patients without recurrence remained low during follow-up, whereas the NLR of the remaining 42 patients with recurrence increased significantly in the last visit before recurrence was detected radiographically (P< 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: The NLR and tumor growth pattern were strong predictors of prognosis for patients undergoing RC. Our results suggest that an increase in the NLR during follow-up after RC is a potential marker for the early detection of recurrence.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cystectomy', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphocyte Count', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neutrophils', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 27,038,696
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.950.774.150'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500', 'G04.140.107.595.500', 'G09.188.105.595.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Human circadian phase-response curves for exercise.
|
KEY POINTS: Exercise elicits circadian phase-shifting effects, but additional information is needed. The phase-response curve describing the magnitude and direction of circadian rhythm phase shifts, depending on the time of the zeigeber (time cue) stimulus, is the most fundamental chronobiological tool for alleviating circadian misalignment and related morbidity. Fifty-one older and 48 young adults followed a circadian rhythms measurement protocol for up to 5.5 days, and performed 1 h of moderate treadmill exercise for 3 consecutive days at one of eight times of the day/night. Temporal changes in the phase of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) were measured from evening onset, cosine acrophase, morning offset and duration of excretion. Significant phase-response curves were established for aMT6 onset and acrophase with large phase delays from 7:00 pm to 10:00 pm and large phase advances at both 7:00 am and from 1:00 pm to 4:00 pm. Delays or advances would be desired, for example, for adjustment to westward or eastward air travel, respectively. Along with known synergism with bright light, the above PRCs with a second phase advance region (afternoon) could support both practical and clinical applications.ABSTRACT: Although bright light is regarded as the primary circadian zeitgeber, its limitations support exploring alternative zeitgebers. Exercise elicits significant circadian phase-shifting effects, but fundamental information regarding these effects is needed. The primary aim of the present study was to establish phase-response curves (PRCs) documenting the size and direction of phase shifts in relation to the circadian time of exercise. Aerobically fit older (n = 51; 59-75 years) and young adults (n = 48; 18-30 years) followed a 90 min laboratory ultrashort sleep-wake cycle (60 min wake/30 min sleep) for up to 5½ days. At the same clock time on three consecutive days, each participant performed 60 min of moderate treadmill exercise (65-75% of heart rate reserve) at one of eight times of day/night. To describe PRCs, phase shifts were measured for the cosine-fitted acrophase of urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), as well as for the evening rise, morning decline and change in duration of aMT6s excretion. Significant PRCs were found for aMT6s acrophase, onset and duration, with peak phase advances corresponding to clock times of 7:00 am and from 1:00 pm to 4:00 pm, delays from 7:00 pm to 10:00 pm, and minimal shifts around 4:00 pm and 2:00 am. There were no significant age or sex differences. The amplitudes of the aMT6s onset and acrophase PRCs are comparable to expectations for bright light of equal duration. The phase advance to afternoon exercise and the exercise-induced PRC for change in aMT6s duration are novel findings. The results support further research exploring additive phase-shifting effects of bright light and exercise and health benefits.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Light', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Young Adult']
| 30,784,068
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Gender differences in substance use treatment entry and retention among prisoners with substance use histories.
|
OBJECTIVES: We examined gender similarities and differences in the predictors of substance use treatment entry and of the combination of treatment entry and completion.METHODS: The sample consisted of 2219 male and female program participants. Maximum likelihood probit estimation was used to identify background and attitudinal characteristics predictive of substance use treatment entry and retention.RESULTS: We observed gender similarities and differences in predictors of treatment entry and the combination of treatment entry and completion. Many of the factors that attract individuals to treatment are the same ones that keep individuals in treatment.CONCLUSIONS: Attitudinal predictors-namely, motivation to change-showed the greatest consistency between genders and between predictors of treatment entry and predictors of treatment entry and completion.
|
['Adult', 'Antisocial Personality Disorder', 'Depression', 'Educational Status', 'Family', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Male', 'Men', 'Models, Psychological', 'Motivation', 'Patient Compliance', 'Patient Dropouts', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prisoners', 'Residential Treatment', 'Sex Factors', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States', 'Women']
| 15,284,053
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.675.050'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['N01.824.196'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['M01.390'], ['E05.599.695'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.610', 'F01.145.488.887.500.610', 'N05.300.150.800.500.610'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['M01.729'], ['F04.754.864.696'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.975']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Vasodilator reserve in collateral-dependent myocardium as measured by positron emission tomography.
|
Myocardial blood flow can be accurately quantitated in patients using positron emission tomography and oxygen-15 labelled water. The purpose of this study was to determine the vasodilator reserve in myocardium completely perfused by intramyocardial collateral blood flow. We hypothesized that altered relative flow reserve in such regions would correlate with the degree of ischaemia observed in these patients during exercise. The technique involves the inhalation of the positron emitting tracer C15O2 which is converted to freely diffusible H2(15)O by the lung. With rapid dynamic scanning, arterial and regional myocardial tissue concentrations can be obtained and time activity curves generated. With a two-compartment kinetic model, myocardial blood flow can be accurately quantitated over a wide range of blood flows. Five patients with stable exertional angina and normal ventricular function studies and who had an occluded major epicardial artery which completely opacified via intramyocardial collateral blood flow were studied. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured both at rest and following an infusion of intravenous dipyridamole (0.56 mg.kg-1) and the results were compared with measurements obtained from a group of eight normal volunteers. During resting conditions, MBF in the control group was 0.86 +/- 0.10 ml.g-1.min-1 and in the patient group was 0.99 +/- 0.10 ml.g-1.min-1 in normally perfused myocardium (ns) and 0.86 +/- 0.14 ml.g-1.min-1 in collateral-dependent myocardium (ns). Following dipyridamole, MBF increased to 3.58 +/- 0.89 ml.g-1.min-1 in the control group and to 2.97 +/- 0.94 ml.g-1.min-1 in the normal regions of the patients (ns).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Collateral Circulation', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Coronary Disease', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Heart', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed', 'Vasodilation']
| 8,458,352
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G09.330.100.248'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['A07.541'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.350.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800'], ['G09.330.380.928']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Defensive practice in mental health.
|
AIM: This study aimed to assess the extent of defensive clinical practice by psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses in a New Zealand Mental Health Service.METHOD: An anonymous questionnaire survey, addressing perceptions of a variety of defensive practices, was sent to all psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses working in acute clinical settings in the publically funded mental health service in Dunedin, New Zealand.RESULTS: Defensive practice is perceived as widespread in psychiatric settings. In particular, practices such as questioning patients about their safety, admissions to hospital, and delayed discharge from hospital were often perceived as occurring for defensive purposes. Psychiatric nurses were more likely than psychiatrists to perceive such practices as defensive.CONCLUSION: Defensive practice is common in mental health. This is despite New Zealand's no-fault compensation scheme, and so presumably results from concerns other than the risk of financial liability. There may be particular pressures in mental health to practice defensively.
|
['Defensive Medicine', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Humans', 'Mental Health Services', 'New Zealand', 'Psychiatric Nursing', 'Psychiatry']
| 19,098,951
|
[['I01.880.604.583.524.300', 'N03.706.535.606.300'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.408', 'N02.421.461'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['H02.478.676.710', 'N02.421.533.778'], ['F04.096.544', 'H02.403.690']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Structure-activity relationships in the interactions of alkoxymethylenedioxybenzene derivatives with rat hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidases in vivo.
|
Following in vivo administration to rats of equimolar amounts of a series of 4-n-alkoxymethylenedioxybenzene (AMDB) derivatives, hepatic microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activities, total cytochrome P-450 levels, and AMDB metabolite-cytochrome P-450 spectral complex (455 nm) formation were well correlated in parabolic relationships with pi, the hydrophobic constant of the n-alkoxy substituent. Each of these parameters increased progressively over control values with increasing carbon chain length of the alkoxy substituent, passed through an optimal value in compounds containing five or six carbon atoms, and subsequently decreased with the higher homologues. AHH activity was highly correlated in linear relationships with total (complexed plus uncomplexed) cytochrome P-450 content and intensity of the 455-nm spectral complex. Aminopyrine N-demethylase activities in microsomes from AMDB-treated rats were not well correlated with cytochrome P-450 levels or spectral complex formation. AMDB metabolite-ferricytochrome P-450 complexes varied considerably in their relative ease of displacement following treatment with 2-n-heptylbenzimidazole, those derived from the n-butoxy to n-hexoxy derivatives being particularly stable toward the displacer. The results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms involved in the interactions of methylenedioxyphenyl compounds with cytochrome P-450 and drug oxidation.
|
['Animals', 'Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Dioxolanes', 'Dioxoles', 'Male', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Mixed Function Oxygenases', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Protein Binding', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 6,865,922
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.244.453.005', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['D03.383.246.238'], ['D03.383.246'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['D08.811.682.690.708'], ['D08.811.682'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
On-line measurement of nitric oxide release from organic nitrates in the intact coronary circulation.
|
This study determines the release of nitric oxide (NO) from the coronary circulation of Langendorff hearts of rabbits, subsequent to administration of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and SIN-1. NO was measured on-line in the coronary effluent by the oxyhaemoglobin technique. Infusion of either GTN (10-40 mumoles/l) or SIN-1 (0.1-2.3 mumoles/l) into the coronary inflow resulted in a concentration-dependent NO release into the coronary effluent and a decrease in the coronary vascular resistance. NO generation from SIN-1 was identical with and without passage of the coronary circulation whereas NO generation from GTN was only detected after passage of the coronary vascular bed. NO generation by both substances was in the same range as endogenous NO release by two endothelium-dependent vasodilators, bradykinin (0.05 mumoles/l) and substance P (0.05 mumoles/l). Oxyhaemoglobin used for the assay of NO, inhibited the relaxation by SIN-1, but did not reduce vessel relaxations induced by GTN or iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analogue. Removal of the coronary endothelium by trypsin or pretreatment with L-NG-Monomethylarginine (30 mumoles/l) did neither affect NO release from GTN and SIN-1 nor the vasodilatory effect of both substances. These data are the first to directly demonstrate endothelium-independent NO release from organic nitrates during passage of an intact organ circulation. They additionally suggest a subendothelial site of metabolic NO formation from GTN.
|
['Animals', 'Arginine', 'Bradykinin', 'Coronary Vessels', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Molsidomine', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitroglycerin', 'Oxyhemoglobins', 'Rabbits', 'Substance P', 'Trypsin', 'Vasodilation', 'omega-N-Methylarginine']
| 1,719,435
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['D12.644.276.812.169', 'D12.644.400.090', 'D12.644.456.193', 'D12.776.467.812.169', 'D12.776.631.650.090', 'D23.469.050.375.110', 'D23.529.812.169'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['E05.481'], ['D03.383.129.462.580.693.450', 'D03.383.533.640.362'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D02.640.636'], ['D12.776.124.400.707', 'D12.776.422.316.762.687'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895'], ['G09.330.380.928'], ['D12.125.068.050.650', 'D12.125.095.104.650', 'D12.125.142.087.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Statistical optimization for cadmium removal using Ulva fasciata biomass: Characterization, immobilization and application for almost-complete cadmium removal from aqueous solutions.
|
Cadmium is a global heavy metal pollutant. Marine green algae were used as efficient, low cost and eco-friendly biosorbent for cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. Plackett-Burman design was applied to determine the most significant factors for maximum cadmium removal from aqueous solutions using dry Ulva fasciata biomass. The most significant factors affecting cadmium removal process were further optimized by the face centered central composite design. The results indicated that 4 g of dry Ulva fasciata biomass was found to successfully remove 99.96% of cadmium from aqueous solution under the conditions of 200 mg/L of initial cadmium concentration at pH 5, 25 °C for 60 min of contact time with static condition. Dry Ulva fasciata biomass samples before and after cadmium biosorption were analyzed using SEM, EDS and FTIR. Furthermore, the immobilized biomass in sodium alginate-beads removed 99.98% of cadmium from aqueous solution at an initial concentration of 200 mg/L after 4 h which is significantly higher than that for control using sodium alginate beads without incorporation of the algal biomass (98.19%). Dry biomass of Ulva fasciata was proven to be cost-effective and efficient to eliminate heavy metals especially cadmium from aquatic effluents and the process is feasible, reliable and eco-friendly.
|
['Biomass', 'Cadmium', 'Chlorophyta', 'Kinetics', 'Solutions', 'Ulva', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Water', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Water Purification']
| 30,127,459
|
[['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['B01.650.940.150'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D26.776'], ['B01.650.940.150.900'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Circulating regulatory B cell subsets in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
|
This study analyzed the populations of three different subsets of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) and explored the relationship between the changes in these subsets of Bregs and the severity of NMOSD. A total of 22 patients with relapsed NMOSDs before treatment were recruited in our study, along with 20 age and gender-matched healthy controls, from May 2015 to March 2016. The percentages and numbers for three different subsets of Bregs including the CD19+CD24hiCD38hi, CD19+CD24hiCD27+, and CD19+CD5+CD1dhi populations were evaluated in parallel by flow cytometry. Afterwards, correlations between the change of three different subsets of Bregs and disease severity were analyzed. We found significantly lower percentages of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi and CD19+CD5+CD1dhi Bregs in NMOSDs patients than in healthy individuals. In contrast, the CD19+CD24hiCD27+ Bregs population was significantly higher in NMOSDs patients than in healthy individuals. However, the three different Bregs subsets showed no significant correlation with expanded disability status scale (EDSS) or annualized relapse rate (ARR). Our findings suggest that the subsets of Bregs may play complex roles in the pathogenesis of NMOSDs and are not correlated with clinical disease severity. Further insights into the potential role of subsets of Bregs could increase our basic knowledge of NMOSDs pathogenesis.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antigens, CD', 'B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuromyelitis Optica']
| 28,389,940
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['A11.063.438.450.300', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.450.300', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562.200.300', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.450.300', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562.200.300', 'A15.382.032.438.450.300', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562.450.300'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.600.500', 'C10.114.375.800', 'C10.292.700.550.500', 'C10.314.350.600.500', 'C10.314.350.800', 'C11.640.576.695', 'C20.111.258.250.550.500', 'C20.111.258.250.775']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Is there increased sympathetic activity in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
|
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess autonomic nervous system activity in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.BACKGROUND: Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are traditionally thought to have increased sympathetic activity. However, convincing evidence is lacking.METHODS: Heart rate variability was assessed from 24-h ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) recordings in 31 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 31 age- and gender-matched normal control subjects in a drug-free state. Spectral heart rate variability was calculated as total (0.01 to 1.00 Hz), low (0.04 to 0.15 Hz) and high (0.15 to 0.40 Hz) frequency components using fast Fourier transformation analysis.RESULTS: There was a nonsignificant decrease in the total frequency component of heart rate variability in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy compared with that of normal subjects (mean +/- SD 7.24 +/- 0.88 versus 7.59 +/- 0.57 ln[ms2], p = 0.072). Although there was no significant difference in the high frequency component (5.31 +/- 1.14 versus 5.40 +/- 0.91 ln[ms2], p = 0.730), the low frequency component was significantly lower in patients than in normal subjects (6.25 +/- 1.00 versus 6.72 +/- 0.61 ln[ms2], p = 0.026). After normalization (i.e., division by the total frequency component values), the low frequency component was significantly decreased (38 +/- 8% versus 43 +/- 8%, p = 0.018) and the high frequency component significantly increased (16 +/- 6% versus 12 +/- 6%, p = 0.030) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The low/high frequency component ratio was significantly lower in these patients (0.94 +/- 0.64 versus 1.33 +/- 0.55, p = 0.013). In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, heart rate variability was significantly related to left ventricular end-systolic dimension and left atrial dimension but not to maximal left ventricular wall thickness. No significant difference in heart rate variability was found between 14 victims of sudden cardiac death and 10 age- and gender-matched low risk patients.CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest that during normal daily activities, patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy experience a significant autonomic alteration with decreased sympathetic tone.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Amiodarone', 'Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Death, Sudden, Cardiac', 'Electrocardiography, Ambulatory', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 7,608,453
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D03.633.100.127.075'], ['C14.280.238.100', 'C14.280.484.048.750.070.160'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['C14.280.383.220', 'C23.550.260.322.250'], ['E01.370.370.380.240.230', 'E01.370.405.240.230', 'E01.370.520.500.230'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Negative priming in same-different matching: further evidence for a central locus of inhibition.
|
Responses to recently ignored information may be slower or less accurate than responses to information not recently encountered. Such negative priming effects imply that the mechanism of selective attention operates on unattended, as well as attended, information. In the present experiment, subjects judged the second and fourth letters of five-letter strings (e.g., BABAB) as "same" or "different." Responses were slower when a target letter was identical to the distractors presented in the immediately preceding trial. This effect did not depend on which response was required on the current or preceding trial. The results suggest that ignored information is functionally disconnected from the response system as a whole, rather than from a specific response.
|
['Adult', 'Attention', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Humans', 'Mental Recall', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Reading']
| 2,243,764
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['L01.559.423.557']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of Critical Paraoxonase 1 Residues Involved in High Density Lipoprotein Interaction.
|
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated protein with atherosclerosis-protective and systemic anti-oxidant functions. We recently showed that PON1, myeloperoxidase, and HDL bind to one another in vivo forming a functional ternary complex (Huang, Y., Wu, Z., Riwanto, M., Gao, S., Levison, B. S., Gu, X., Fu, X., Wagner, M. A., Besler, C., Gerstenecker, G., Zhang, R., Li, X. M., Didonato, A. J., Gogonea, V., Tang, W. H., et al. (2013) J. Clin. Invest. 123, 3815-3828). However, specific residues on PON1 involved in the HDL-PON1 interaction remain unclear. Unambiguous identification of protein residues involved in docking interactions to lipid surfaces poses considerable methodological challenges. Here we describe a new strategy that uses a novel synthetic photoactivatable and click chemistry-taggable phospholipid probe, which, when incorporated into HDL, was used to identify amino acid residues on PON1 that directly interact with the lipoprotein phospholipid surface. Several specific PON1 residues (Leu-9, Tyr-185, and Tyr-293) were identified through covalent cross-links with the lipid probes using affinity isolation coupled to liquid chromatography with on-line tandem mass spectrometry. Based upon the crystal structure for PON1, the identified residues are all localized in relatively close proximity on the surface of PON1, defining a domain that binds to the HDL lipid surface. Site-specific mutagenesis of the identified PON1 residues (Leu-9, Tyr-185, and Tyr-293), coupled with functional studies, reveals their importance in PON1 binding to HDL and both PON1 catalytic activity and stability. Specifically, the residues identified on PON1 provide important structural insights into the PON1-HDL interaction. More generally, the new photoactivatable and affinity-tagged lipid probe developed herein should prove to be a valuable tool for identifying contact sites supporting protein interactions with lipid interfaces such as found on cell membranes or lipoproteins.
|
['Amino Acid Motifs', 'Apolipoprotein A-I', 'Aryldialkylphosphatase', 'Catalysis', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Humans', 'Lipoproteins, HDL', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Protein Binding']
| 26,567,339
|
[['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['D10.532.091.200.100', 'D12.776.070.400.200.100', 'D12.776.521.120.200.100'], ['D08.811.277.352.660.500'], ['G02.130'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.532.432', 'D12.776.521.479'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress in human breast cancer.
|
We have analysed products of lipid peroxidation reactions and activities of antioxidant enzymes in cancerous breast tissue and in corresponding reference tissue. In addition, the serum lipid peroxidation and peroxyl-radical-trapping capacity of breast cancer patients were compared to those of healthy subjects. A total of 23 patients with breast cancer participated in this study. In the cancerous tissue, catalase activity was lower than in the reference tissue, while the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and the hexose monophosphate shunt were elevated. The content of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive material was slightly lower in the cancerous tissues, but the levels in serum were found to be elevated in patients with breast cancer. The amounts of conjugated diene double bonds were essentially equal both in the cancerous and in the reference tissue. Moreover, in breast cancer patients the serum levels of diene conjugation and the peroxyl-radical-scavenging capacity did not differ from those measured in healthy subjects. This study indicates that the antioxidant defence system is altered in cancerous breast tissues, but does not support the hypothesis suggesting that formation of lipid peroxides in the tumour tissue itself is of primary importance in the carcinogenesis.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Catalase', 'Female', 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'Humans', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Superoxide Dismutase']
| 8,138,563
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['D08.811.682.732.500'], ['D08.811.913.225.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D08.811.682.881']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[The impact of carnitine on serum ammonia concentration and lipid metabolism in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis].
|
UNLABELLED: Treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis with the signs of liver insufficiency is complex and seldom satisfactory. Carnitine, taking part in liver lipid metabolism might be a potentially effective drug.THE AIM: Of the study was to evaluate the influence of L-carnitine on serum ammonia, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty patients with liver cirrhosis of alcoholic aetiology, 16 females and 34 males, aged 55 +/- 11.3 years (mean +/- SD) were included into the study. Fourteen patients were treated with L-carnitine, 25--with L-ornitine L-aspartate, 11--were not given those medicaments. All patients had proteins reduced down to 0.5 g/kg b.w. per day in their diet. The serum concentrations of ammonia, cholesterol and triglycerides were assessed on inclusion and after 28 days of treatment.RESULTS: All patients improved clinically. A significant improvement was observed in the group of patients treated with L-ornitine L-aspartate (p < 0.003), and among those treated with L-isocarnitine (p = 0.005), while evaluating the Child-Pugh score before and after treatment. The serum ammonia concentration decreased in all patients. However, among the individuals treated with L-carnitine an increase of serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations was observed as well (p = 0.02).CONCLUSIONS: L-carnitine lowers the serum ammonia concentration and improves lipid metabolism.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Ammonia', 'Carnitine', 'Cholesterol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Triglycerides']
| 14,593,957
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D01.362.075', 'D01.625.050'], ['D02.092.877.883.099'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.630.380', 'C06.552.645.590', 'C23.550.355.412.380', 'C25.775.100.087.645.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Contamination profiles of perfluoroalkyl substances in five typical rivers of the Pearl River Delta region, South China.
|
A survey on contamination profiles of eighteen perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) was performed via high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for surface water and sediments from five typical rivers of the Pearl River Delta region, South China in summer and winter in 2012. The total concentrations of the PFASs in the water phase of the five rivers ranged from 0.14 to 346.72 ng L(-1). The PFAS concentrations in the water phase were correlated positively to some selected water quality parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) (0.7913) and conductivity (0.5642). The monitoring results for the water samples showed significant seasonal variations, while those for the sediment samples showed no obvious seasonal variations. Among the selected 18 PFASs, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was the dominant PFAS compound both in water and sediment for two seasons with its maximum concentration of 320.5 ng L(-1) in water and 11.4 ng g(-1) dry weight (dw) in sediment, followed by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with its maximum concentration of 26.48 ng L(-1) in water and 0.99 ng g(-1) dw in sediment. PFOS and PFOA were found at relatively higher concentrations in the Shima River and Danshui River than in the other three rivers (Xizhijiang River, Dongjiang River and Shahe River). The principal component analysis for the PFASs concentrations in water and sediment separated the sampling sites into two groups: rural and agricultural area, and urban and industrial area, suggesting the PFASs in the riverine environment were mainly originated from industrial and urban activities in the region.
|
['Alkanesulfonic Acids', 'Caprylates', 'China', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Fluorocarbons', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Rivers', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 25,113,179
|
[['D02.455.326.146.100', 'D02.886.645.600.055'], ['D02.241.081.222', 'D10.251.122'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D02.455.526.510.435'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Metabolic conditions determining the composition and catalytic activity of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases in Candida tropicalis.
|
In the microsomal fraction of Candida tropicalis cells, two distinct monooxygenases were detected, depending on the growth conditions. The distinction of the two monooxygenases was evident from: (i) the absorption maxima in the reduced CO difference spectra of the terminal oxidases (cytochromes P-450 and P-448); (ii) the contents of the monooxygenase components (cytochromes P-450/P-448, NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase, and cytochrome b5) and (iii) the catalytic activity of the complete system (aliphatic hydroxylation and N-demethylation activity). The occurrence of the respective monooxygenases could be related to the carbon source (n-alkanes or glucose). Oxygen limitation led to a significant increase of cytochrome P-450/P-448 content, independent of the carbon source utilized by the cells. An improved method for the isolation of microsomes enabled us to demonstrate the presence of cytochrome P-448 in glucose-grown cells.
|
['Alkanes', 'Candida', 'Catalysis', 'Culture Media', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Cytochromes', 'Glucose', 'Microsomes', 'Oxygenases']
| 6,690,424
|
[['D02.455.326.146'], ['B01.300.107.795.095', 'B01.300.381.147', 'B01.300.930.176'], ['G02.130'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['D08.244', 'D12.776.422.220'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['A11.284.835.540'], ['D08.811.682.690']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular cloning and characterization of oocyte-specific Pat1a in Rana rugosa frogs.
|
The Pat1 gene is expressed in the immature oocytes of Xenopus, and is reportedly involved in regulating the translation of maternal mRNAs required for oocyte-maturation. However, it is still unknown when Pat1a first appears in the differentiating ovary of amphibians. To address this issue, we isolated the full-length Pat1a cDNA from the frog Rana rugosa and examined its expression in the differentiating ovary of this frog. Among eight different tissues examined, the Pat1a mRNA was detectable in only the ovary. When frozen sections from the ovaries of tadpoles at various stages of development were immunostained for Vasa-a germ cell-specific protein-and Pat1a, Vasa-immunopositive signals were observed in all of the germ cells, whereas Pat1a signals were confined to the growing oocytes (50-200 ìm in diameter), and absent from small germ cells (<50 ìm in diameter). Forty days after testosterone injection into tadpoles to induce female-to-male sex-reversal, Pat1a-immunoreactive oocytes had disappeared completely from the sex-reversed gonad, but Vasa-positive small germ cells persisted. Thus, Pat1a would be a good marker for identifying the sexual status of the sex-reversing gonad in amphibians. In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed Pat1a to have an autosomal locus, suggesting that Pat1a transcription is probably regulated by a tissue-specific transcription factor in R. rugosa.
|
['Animals', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Larva', 'Male', 'Oocytes', 'Ovary', 'Ranidae', 'Sex Determination Processes', 'Testosterone', 'Transcription Factors']
| 26,136,381
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G05.297'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.708'], ['G05.813', 'G07.345.500.325.377.812', 'G07.345.750.437', 'G08.686.841.437'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interdependence between the aerobic degradation of BPA and readily biodegradable substrates by activated sludge in semi-continuous reactors.
|
The objective of the present work was to analyze the interrelationship between the aerobic degradation of BPA and readily biodegradable substrates by activated sludge (AS) in semi-continuous reactors (SCRs). AS were obtained from three SCRs fed with glucose, acetate or peptone. AS from these reactors were used as inocula for three SCRs that were fed with each biogenic substrate, and for three SCRs that were fed with the biogenic substrate and BPA. In all cases, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), BPA, total suspended solids (TSS) and respirometric measurements were performed. Although BPA could be removed in the presence of all the tested substrates, AS grown on acetate exhibited the longest acclimation to BPA. Reactors fed with peptone attained the lowest TSS concentration; however, these AS had the highest specific BPA degradation rate. Specific DOC removal rates and respirometric measurements demonstrated that the presence of BPA had a negligible effect on the removal of the tested substrates. A mathematical model was developed to represent the evolution of TSS and DOC in the SCRs as a function of the operation cycle. Results suggest that the main effect of BPA on AS was to increase the generation of microbial soluble products. This work helps to understand the relationship between the biodegradation of BPA and readily biodegradable substrates.
|
['Acclimatization', 'Aerobiosis', 'Benzhydryl Compounds', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Bioreactors', 'Carbon', 'Organic Chemicals', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Phenols', 'Sewage', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 30,242,540
|
[['G07.025.133', 'G16.012.500.133'], ['G02.111.017', 'G03.049'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.115'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['D01.268.150'], ['D02'], ['G03.680'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
á-Tubulin Acetyltransferase Is a Novel Target Mediating Neurite Growth Inhibitory Effects of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans and Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein.
|
Damage to the CNS results in neuronal and axonal degeneration, and subsequent neurological dysfunction. Endogenous repair in the CNS is impeded by inhibitory chemical and physical barriers, such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), which prevent axon regeneration. Previously, it has been demonstrated that the inhibition of axonal histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC6) can promote microtubule á-tubulin acetylation and restore the growth of CSPGs- and MAG-inhibited axons. Since the acetylation of á-tubulin is regulated by two opposing enzymes, HDAC6 (deacetylation) and á-tubulin acetyltransferase-1 (áTAT1; acetylation), we have investigated the regulation of these enzymes downstream of a growth inhibitory signal. Our findings show that exposure of primary mouse cortical neurons to soluble CSPGs and MAG substrates cause an acute and RhoA-kinase-dependent reduction in á-tubulin acetylation and áTAT1 protein levels, without changes to either HDAC6 levels or HDAC6 activity. The CSPGs- and MAG-induced reduction in áTAT1 occurs primarily in the distal and middle regions of neurites and reconstitution of áTAT1, either by Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibition or lentiviral-mediated áTAT1 overexpression, can restore neurite growth. Lastly, we demonstrate that CSPGs and MAG signaling decreases áTAT1 levels posttranscriptionally via a ROCK-dependent increase in áTAT1 protein turnover. Together, these findings define áTAT1 as a novel potential therapeutic target for ameliorating CNS injury characterized by growth inhibitory substrates that are prohibitive to axonal regeneration.
|
['Acetyltransferases', 'Animals', 'Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Histone Deacetylase 6', 'Mice', 'Microtubule Proteins', 'Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Neurites', 'Neuronal Outgrowth', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tubulin', 'rho-Associated Kinases']
| 29,497,702
|
[['D08.811.913.050.134'], ['B01.050'], ['D09.698.735.200', 'D12.776.395.650.750'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D08.811.277.087.520.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D05.750.078.734', 'D12.776.220.600'], ['D12.776.395.550.570', 'D12.776.503.921.049', 'D12.776.543.550.555', 'D12.776.543.620.530', 'D12.776.631.580.500'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['A08.675.256.500', 'A08.675.542.145.500', 'A11.284.180.610', 'A11.671.501.145.500', 'A11.671.543'], ['G04.152.912.750', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687.750', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500.750', 'G11.561.620.750'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.814', 'D12.644.360.590', 'D12.776.476.595']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Effect of diuretics (diacarb and lasix) on the experimental antitumor activity, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of the antibiotic, olivomycin].
|
Diacarb or lasix in combination with olivomycin increased the antibiotic antiblastomic activity and toxicity when used for the course treatment of mice with transplanted lymphosarcoma LIO-I. The chemotherapeutic indices of such combinations did not differ from those of olivomycin used alone. Diacarb decreased excretion of olivomycin with the urine in healthy mice, while lasix increased it.
|
['Acetazolamide', 'Animals', 'Diuresis', 'Drug Combinations', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Drug Interactions', 'Female', 'Furosemide', 'Kinetics', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Olivomycins', 'Rats']
| 581,050
|
[['D02.886.675.867.060', 'D03.383.129.708.867.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G08.852.179'], ['D26.310'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D02.065.884.725.300', 'D02.092.146.807.300', 'D02.886.590.700.725.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D09.408.661'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Beyond the mental pain: A case-control study on the contribution of schizoid personality disorder symptoms to medically serious suicide attempts.
|
BACKGROUND: Clinical and research findings have highlighted the role of interpersonal factors in suicidal behavior with high levels of intent and lethality. Schizoid personality disorder (SPD) is at the extreme end of interpersonal difficulties. Thus, we aimed to understand the contribution of SPD symptoms to suicide behavior and specifically to more lethal suicide attempts.METHOD: Four groups were investigated (N = 338): medically serious suicide attempters, medically non-serious suicide attempters, psychiatric and healthy controls. SPD symptoms, mental pain variants, and clinical characteristics were assessed.RESULTS: Overall, attempters were characterized by higher levels of most SPD symptoms. Solitary lifestyle and emotional detachment were higher among medically serious suicide attempters relative to less-serious attempters. Emotional detachment doubled the risk for high lethality, beyond mental pain variables.CONCLUSIONS: SPD symptoms of interpersonal difficulties and low levels of emotional expressions are important risk factors for more severe suicidal behavior. Implications for identification of at-risk groups for suicide are discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intention', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Schizoid Personality Disorder', 'Suicidal Ideation', 'Suicide, Attempted']
| 30,852,349
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658.650', 'F02.463.306'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F03.675.700'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.149', 'I01.880.735.856.149'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pathways of cadmium influx in mammalian neurons.
|
The influx of the toxic cation Cd2+ was studied in fura 2-loaded rat cerebellar granule neurons. In cells depolarized with Ca2(+)-free, high-KCI solutions, the fluorescence emission ratio (R) increased in the presence of 100 microM Cd2(+). This increase was fully reversed by the Cd2+ chelator tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine, indicating a cadmium influx into the cell. The rate of increase, dR/dt, was greatly reduced (67+/-5%) by 1 microM nimodipine and enhanced by 1 microM Bay K 8644. Concurrent application of nimodipine and omega-agatoxin IVA (200 nM) blocked Cd2+ permeation almost completely (88+/-5%), whereas omega-conotoxin MVIIC (2 microM) reduced dR/dt by 24+/-8%. These results indicate a primary role of voltage-dependent calcium channels in Cd2+ permeation. Stimulation with glutamate or NMDA and glycine also caused a rise of R in external Cd2+. Simultaneous application of nimodipine and omega-agatoxin IVA moderately reduced dR/dt (25+/-3%). NMDA-driven Cd2(+) entry was almost completely prevented by 1 mM Mg2+, 50 microM memantine, and 10 microM 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid, suggesting a major contribution of NMDA-gated channels in glutamate-stimulated Cd2+ influx. Moreover, perfusion with alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate caused a slow increase of R. These results suggest that Cd2+ permeates the cell membrane mainly through the same pathways of Ca2+ influx.
|
['Animals', 'Cadmium', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytosol', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Fura-2', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Models, Neurological', 'Neurons', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 10,217,297
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D03.383.129.462.285', 'D03.633.100.127.250'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G02.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Saccharides and temperature dual-responsive hydrogel layers for harvesting cell sheets.
|
Saccharides and temperature dual-responsive hydrogels have been prepared based on PNIPAAm copolymers containing phenylboronic acid (PBA) groups and used for harvesting cell sheets. The cell sheet could be released from the hydrogel layer at 37 °C simply by increasing sugar concentration, and could be more efficiently released at a lower temperature and elevated sugar concentration.
|
['Acrylic Resins', 'Animals', 'Boronic Acids', 'Carbohydrates', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Line', 'Hydrogels', 'Mice', 'Temperature']
| 25,415,610
|
[['D05.750.716.822.111', 'D25.720.716.822.111', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.029.260.110', 'D01.132.285', 'D02.203.200'], ['D09'], ['G04.022'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D20.280.320.375', 'D26.255.165.320.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Molecular characterization of a German variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD Aachen).
|
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-chromosome-linked hereditary disorder. Clinically, patients with G6PD deficiency often present with drug- or food-induced hemolytic crises or neonatal jaundice. G6PD is involved in the generation of NADPH and reduced glutathione. In contrast to American, Mediterranean, and African ancestries, only few variants are known from Middle and Northern Europe. We describe the molecular characterization of a distinct variant from the northwestern area of Germany, G6PD Aachen. The sequence of the G6PD gene from three afflicted males was found to be hemizygous at cDNA residue 1089 for a C-->G mutation with a predicted amino acid change of Asn363Lys. The 1089 C-->G point mutation is unique, but produces the identical amino acid change found in a Mexican variant of G6PD deficiency, G6PD Loma Linda. This G6PD-deficient variant is caused by a 1089 C-->A mutation. The 363-amino-acid replacement is located outside a known mutation cluster region between amino acid residues 380 and 450, but may disrupt or weaken dimer interactions of G6PD enzyme subunits.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Binding Sites', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Dimerization', 'Genetic Variation', 'Germany', 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase', 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Point Mutation']
| 10,772,881
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['G05.365'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['D08.811.682.047.150.300'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.480', 'C16.320.070.480', 'C16.320.565.202.402', 'C18.452.648.202.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G05.365.590.675']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Positioning of vagal nerve stimulators: technical note.
|
BACKGROUND: Vagal nerve stimulation has become an important treatment for patients with intractable seizure disorders. Many of these patients will require magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs) of the brain after the stimulator has been implanted to monitor underlying neurologic conditions. Functional MRI (fMRI) is also being used in the evaluation of epilepsy. With the current recommended implant techniques the magnetic field of the MRI will deactivate the pulse generator while the patient is in the supine position for the scan. A simple change in positioning of the pulse generator will help to avoid deactivating the device during an MRI. This will avoid exposing the patient to lengthy time periods with a deactivated stimulator and also allow for the performance of fMRIs and any other MRI scans needed to monitor underlying neurologic conditions.METHODS: A working model of the NeuroCybernetic Prosthesis (NCP) pulse generator was assessed with an oscilloscope and LED light connected to it that related activation of the generator while in the MRI. This simulation was performed with the device alone, in multiple positions. Then patients with implanted devices who could personally confirm the activation of their stimulators were also studied.RESULTS: A pulse generator placed with the electrode inputs parallel to the long axis of the body was not deactivated by the magnetic field of the MRI when the patient was in the supine position.CONCLUSION: Changing the implant position of a vagal nerve stimulator pulse generator will help to prevent deactivation of the device while in the MRI, allowing for the performance of fMRIs while not exposing the patient to lengthy time periods with a deactivated vagal nerve stimulator.
|
['Electric Stimulation Therapy', 'Electrodes, Implanted', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Epilepsy', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Vagus Nerve']
| 10,713,198
|
[['E02.331', 'E02.779.468', 'E02.831.535.468'], ['E07.305.250.319', 'E07.695.202'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A08.800.050.050.925', 'A08.800.050.600.825', 'A08.800.800.060.920', 'A08.800.800.120.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interdependence of the radioprotective effects of human recombinant interleukin 1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and murine recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
|
Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are molecularly distinct cytokines acting on separate receptors. The release of these cytokines can be concomitantly induced by the same signal and from the same cellular source, suggesting that they may cooperate. Administered alone, human recombinant (hr)IL-1 alpha and hrTNF alpha protect lethally irradiated mice from death, whereas murine recombinant GM-CSF and hrG-CSF do not confer similar protection. On a dose basis, IL-1 alpha is a more efficient radioprotector than TNF alpha. At optimal doses, IL-1 alpha is a more radioprotective cytokine than TNF alpha in C57BL/6 and B6D2F1 mice and less effective than TNF alpha in C3H/HeN mice, suggesting that the relative effectiveness of TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha depends on the genetic makeup of the host. Administration of the two cytokines in combination results in additive radioprotection in all three strains. This suggests that the two cytokines act through different radioprotective pathways and argues against their apparent redundancy. Suboptimal, nonradioprotective doses of IL-1 alpha also synergize with GM-CSF or G-CSF to confer optimal radioprotection, suggesting that such an interaction may be necessary for radioprotection of hemopoietic progenitor cells.
|
['Animals', 'Colony-Stimulating Factors', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Synergism', 'Gamma Rays', 'Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Growth Substances', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Radiation Injuries, Experimental', 'Radiation-Protective Agents', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 2,447,166
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240', 'D12.776.395.240', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240', 'D23.529.374.410.240'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.350', 'D12.776.395.240.200', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.350', 'D23.529.374.410.240.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.375', 'D12.776.395.240.300', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.375', 'D23.529.374.410.240.375'], ['D27.505.696.377'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['C26.733.720', 'E05.598.500.750', 'G01.750.748.500.720', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500.285', 'N06.850.810.300.360.285'], ['D27.505.696.706.776', 'D27.720.799.763'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Loneliness and pregnancy in an urban Latino community: associations with maternal age and unscheduled hospital utilization.
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The objective is to compare loneliness in a pregnant population to a non-pregnant control group, and to evaluate loneliness and unscheduled hospital visits during pregnancy. A prospective cohort study in a Latino urban community including 53 consecutive pregnant women in their first trimester, and 61 non-pregnant women as a control. The UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3, and demographic information was collected. A chart review after delivery determined total number of unscheduled pregnancy related hospital visits. Appropriate data analysis using t-test and regression analysis was used. Forty-eight women continued to delivery. There was no difference in mean loneliness scores between pregnant (41) and non-pregnant groups (43), or that of normal populations (41). There was a significant association between UCLA loneliness scores and total pregnancy related unscheduled hospital visits p = 0.042, beta = 0.06, r= 0.29. There was a significant association between increasing age and increasing loneliness during pregnancy p = 0.007, beta = 0.21, r= 0.36, not seen in the non-pregnant group p = 0.98. Loneliness, when controlling for age, yielded a stronger association with unscheduled hospital visits p = 0.018, beta = 0.076, and r = 0.40. The findings were that increased loneliness is associated with increased unscheduled pregnancy related hospital utilization during pregnancy. Older pregnant women had higher loneliness scores. Loneliness was more significant than age in predicting higher unscheduled hospital visits. The combination of increased loneliness and younger age predicted the highest number of unscheduled hospital visits.
|
['Adult', 'Appointments and Schedules', 'California', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Hospitalization', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Loneliness', 'Maternal Age', 'Maternal-Child Health Centers', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnant Women', 'Urban Population']
| 15,715,019
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N04.452.095'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.470.713', 'I01.880.853.748.435'], ['G08.686.560', 'N05.715.350.075.550', 'N06.850.490.250.550'], ['N02.278.035.310'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['M01.975.807'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Long-term results of Charnley low-friction arthroplasty of the hip.
|
The long-term results of 73 Charnley low-friction arthroplasties with follow-up of 10-14 years are presented. Eight hips required revision for socket migration resulting from excessive medialisation of the cup (2, 2.7%); breakage of the femoral stem (5, 6.8%); and loosening (1). A further 5 hips had radiological changes suggesting that they would require revision in the foreseeable future. Sixty hips (82.2%) remained clinically excellent with minimal radiological changes.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hip Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reoperation']
| 3,340,930
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E07.695.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.690']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Involvement of a novel ABC transporter and monoalkyl phthalate ester hydrolase in phthalate ester catabolism by Rhodococcus jostii RHA1.
|
Phthalate esters (PEs) are important environmental pollutants. While the biodegradation of the parent compound, phthalate (PTH), is well characterized, the biodegradation of PEs is not well understood. In particular, prior to this study, genes involved in the uptake and hydrolysis of these compounds were not conclusively identified. We found that Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 could grow on a variety of monoalkyl PEs, including methyl, butyl, hexyl, and 2-ethylhexyl PTHs. Strain RHA1 could not grow on most dialkyl PEs, but suspensions of cells grown on PTH transformed dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, dibutyl, dihexyl and di-(2-ethylhexyl) PTHs. The major products of these dialkyl PEs were PTH and the corresponding monoalkyl PEs, and minor products resulted from the shortening of the alkyl side chains. RHA1 exhibited an inducible, ATP-dependent uptake system for PTH with a K(m) of 22 microM. The deletion and complementation of the patB gene demonstrated that the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter encoded by patDABC is required for the uptake of PTH and monoalkyl PEs by RHA1. The hydrolase encoded by patE of RHA1 was expressed in Escherichia coli. PatE specifically hydrolyzed monoalkyl PEs to PTH but did not transform dialkyl PEs or other aromatic esters. This investigation of RHA1 elucidates key processes that are consistent with the environmental fate of PEs.
|
['ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Escherichia coli', 'Esters', 'Gene Deletion', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Phthalic Acids', 'Rhodococcus']
| 20,038,686
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['D08.811.277.352.100'], ['D27.888.284'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D02.241.400'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['D02.241.223.805'], ['B03.510.024.981.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exogenous lipid pneumonia: a retrospective multicentre study of 44 cases in France.
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A nationwide retrospective study of exogenous lipid pneumonia (ELP) was carried out to update the data on this disease, with emphasis on thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings. The inclusion criteria were: 1) presence of abnormal imaging features compatible with the diagnosis of ELP; 2) presence of intrapulmonary lipids; and 3) exogenous origin of the lipid pneumonia. Forty four cases were included (20 males and 24 females; mean age 62 +/- 11 yrs), of which four were occupational (chronic inhalation of cutting mist or oily vapour in an industrial environment). Thirty of the 40 nonoccupational cases were related to aspiration of liquid paraffin used for the treatment of constipation. A condition possibly favouring oil aspiration or inhalation was present in 34 patients (77%), most commonly gastro-oesophageal reflux (n = 20) and neurological or psychiatric illness (n = 14). Fever (39%), weight loss (34%), cough (64%), dyspnoea (50%) and crepitations (45%) were the most frequent symptoms. BAL was performed in 39 cases: 23% had a lymphocytic alveolitis; 14% neutrophilic alveolitis; and 31% a mixed alveolitis (lymphocytic and neutrophilic). Alveolar consolidations (57%), ground glass opacities (39%), and alveolar nodules (23%) were the most common radiological abnormalities. The changes were bilateral (79%), predominant in the posterior and lower zones of the lobes concerned (74%), hypodense (71%), and spared the subpleural zones (52%). In 13 cases, hypodensity was retrospectively established on CT scan by the presence of a "positive angiogram". This sign may be of diagnostic value when the density measurement is either not possible or not reliable. In conclusion, this study provides an update of the clinical, biological and radiological profile of exogenous lipid pneumonia and, in particular, confirms the diagnostic benefit of computed tomography scan, which revealed bilateral and hypodense changes in a large majority of cases.
|
['Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Bronchoscopy', 'Female', 'France', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Oils', 'Paraffin', 'Pneumonia, Lipid', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 8,836,660
|
[['E05.927.100.500'], ['E01.370.386.105', 'E01.370.388.250.100', 'E04.502.250.100', 'E04.928.600.080'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C24'], ['D10.627'], ['D02.455.612'], ['C01.748.610.529.612', 'C08.381.677.529.612', 'C08.730.610.529.612'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The discovery of addiction. Changing conceptions of habitual drunkenness in America.
|
The modern conception of alcoholism as a progressive, addictive disease dates from the late 18th century. By the mid-1800s it had become an integral part of American Temperance thought, as did the belief that total abstinence offered the only remedy for intemperance.
|
['Alcoholic Intoxication', 'Alcoholism', 'Attitude to Health', 'History, 18th Century', 'History, 19th Century', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Religion and Psychology', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Temperance', 'United States']
| 344,994
|
[['C25.775.100.175', 'F03.900.100.300'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['K01.400.504.875'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.880', 'K01.844.664'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['F01.914'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Urine catecholamine excretion after large doses of fentanyl, fentanyl and diazepam and fentanyl, diazepam and pancuronium.
|
The effects of fentanyl (0.5 mg/kg iv), fentanyl with diazepam (1 mg/kg iv) and fentanyl, diazepam and pancuronium (0.1 mg/kg iv) on heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (QT), urine flow rate and urine epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion were determined in nine dogs. Fentanyl did not significantly change QT or BP but did reduce HR and urine flow rate (P less than 0.05). Urine epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion rates were signicantly increased by fentanyl (P less than 0.05). Diazepam caused no significant further changes in QT, BP or HR 30 minutes after administration, but urine epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion rates were reduced to control (pre-fentanyl) levels. Addition of pancuronium after fentanyl and diazepam increased urine flow rate to pre-fentanyl levels and elevated QT, BP and HR above controls but produced no significant change in urine epinephrine or norepinephrine excretion. These data suggest that fentanyl increases catecholamine blood levels and imply that the latter may be one mechanism by which cardiovascular dynamics are maintained stable during fentanyl anaesthesia. Our findings also demonstrate that cardiovascular stimulation after pancuronium is not associated with increased urinary catecholamine excretion.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiac Output', 'Catecholamines', 'Diazepam', 'Diuresis', 'Dogs', 'Drug Interactions', 'Epinephrine', 'Fentanyl', 'Heart Rate', 'Norepinephrine', 'Pancuronium', 'Time Factors']
| 871,940
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['D02.092.311', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['G08.852.179'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['D03.383.621.265'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D04.210.500.054.040.685'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Deciphering modifications in swine cardiac troponin I by top-down high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry.
|
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is an important regulatory protein in cardiac muscle, and its modification represents a key mechanism in the regulation of cardiac muscle contraction and relaxation. cTnI is often referred to as the "gold-standard" serum biomarker for diagnosing patients with acute cardiac injury since it is unique to the heart and released into the circulation following necrotic death of cardiac tissue. The swine (Sus scrofa) heart model is extremely valuable for cardiovascular research since the heart anatomy and coronary artery distribution of swine are almost identical to those of humans. Herein, we report a comprehensive characterization of the modifications in swine cTnI using top-down high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry in conjugation with immunoaffinity chromatography purification. High-resolution high accuracy mass spectrometry revealed that swine cTnI affinity purified from domestic pig hearts was N-terminally acetylated and phosphorylated. Electron capture disassociation is uniquely suited for localization of labile phosphorylations, which unambiguously identified Ser22/Ser23 as the only basally phosphorylated sites that are well-known to be regulated by protein kinase A and protein kinase C. Moreover, a combination of tandem mass spectrometry with sequence homology alignment effectively localized a single amino acid polymorphism, V116A, representing a novel genetic variant of swine cTnI. Overall, our studies demonstrated the unique power of top-down high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry in the characterization of protein modifications, including labile phosphorylation and unexpected sequence variants.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Animals', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Myocardium', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proteomics', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Swine', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry', 'Troponin I']
| 20,223,681
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['B01.050'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['E05.393.751'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E05.196.566.880'], ['D05.500.945.925', 'D05.750.078.730.825.925', 'D12.776.210.500.910.925', 'D12.776.220.525.825.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Prognostic factors in patients with invasive differentiated thyroid carcinoma who underwent palliative resection].
|
In order to determine surgical strategy for locally advanced thyroid carcinoma, a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors was carried out with 70 patients of locally advanced thyroid carcinoma who underwent palliative surgery. Multivariate analysis was conducted by Cox's proportional hazard model. The patients have been followed up from 5 to 26 years. We have demonstrated the influence of age, sex, distant metastasis, pathological findings, numbers of adjacent organs, infiltrated, extent of resection, external irradiation and 131I therapy on survival. The result of this study showed that age had an impact on survival. The survival rate of the patients under 40 years was much better than that of the patients 40 years and over. The result implies that aggressive surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy should be considered in the old patients, but not always be indication in the young patients.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Papillary', 'Child', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Palliative Care', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Survival Rate', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Thyroidectomy']
| 1,280,319
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200.360', 'C04.557.470.700.360'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788'], ['E04.270.856']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Primary aldosteronism. Diagnostic aspects and treatment].
|
Despite the relatively low frequency of primary aldosteronism, its diagnosis is of great importance because surgical treatment results, in the majority of cases, in the disappearance of arterial hypertension. We present in this paper six cases with this type of secondary hypertension. The disease was suspected by the coexistence of hypertension and hypokalemia. The decrease in serum potassium after an oral load of salt proved to be of great value for the diagnoses. In the five patients treated surgically, the removal of the tumor produced the normalization of the arterial pressure and corrected the biochemical alterations. In four of the patients the tumor was located in the left adrenal gland and in one in the right adrenal gland. The patient not treated surgically has remained normotensive with spironolactone. This data confirm what has been described in the medical literature and emphasizes the importance of a correct diagnosis and treatment in patients with this form of hypertension.
|
['Adenoma', 'Adrenal Gland Neoplasms', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperaldosteronism', 'Hypertension', 'Hypokalemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Spironolactone']
| 7,247,580
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['C04.588.322.078', 'C19.053.347', 'C19.344.078'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.053.800.604'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C18.452.950.565'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['D02.540.679', 'D04.210.500.745.745.855']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Magnetic nanoparticle imaging by random and maximum length sequences of inhomogeneous activation fields.
|
Biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles require a precise knowledge of their biodistribution. From multi-channel magnetorelaxometry measurements, this distribution can be determined by means of inverse methods. It was recently shown that the combination of sequential inhomogeneous excitation fields in these measurements is favorable regarding the reconstruction accuracy when compared to homogeneous activation . In this paper, approaches for the determination of activation sequences for these measurements are investigated. Therefor, consecutive activation of single coils, random activation patterns and families of m-sequences are examined in computer simulations involving a sample measurement setup and compared with respect to the relative condition number of the system matrix. We obtain that the values of this condition number decrease with larger number of measurement samples for all approaches. Random sequences and m-sequences reveal similar results with a significant reduction of the required number of samples. We conclude that the application of pseudo-random sequences for sequential activation in the magnetorelaxometry imaging of magnetic nanoparticles considerably reduces the number of required sequences while preserving the relevant measurement information.
|
['Animals', 'Computer Simulation', 'Magnetic Fields', 'Magnetite Nanoparticles', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 24,110,423
|
[['B01.050'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G01.358.750'], ['J01.637.512.600.500.144.500'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Adrenal steroid regulation of neurotrophic factor expression in the rat hippocampus.
|
Adrenal steroids and neurotrophic factors are important modulators of neuronal plasticity, function, and survival in the rat hippocampus. Adrenal steroids act through two receptor subtypes, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor, and activation of each receptor subtype has distinct biochemical and physiological consequences. Adrenal steroids may exert their effects on neuronal structure and function through the regulation of expression of neurotrophic and growth-associated factors. We have examined adrenal steroid regulation of the neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and basic fibroblast growth factor, as well as the growth associated protein GAP-43, through activation of GR or mineralocorticoid receptor with selective agonists. Our findings indicated that in CA2 pyramidal cells, adrenalectomy resulted in decreases in the levels of basic fibroblast growth factor and neurotrophin-3 messenger RNA, which were prevented by activation of mineralocorticoid but not glucocorticoid receptors. Adrenalectomy-induced increases in GAP-43 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger RNA levels could be blocked by activation of glucocorticoid receptors in CA1, but not in CA3, pyramidal cells. Thus the extent to which adrenal steroids regulate hippocampal neurotrophic and growth-associated factors, appears to be dependent both on the adrenal steroid receptor subtype activated and on the hippocampal subregion examined.
|
['Adrenalectomy', 'Aldosterone', 'Androstanols', 'Animals', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Corticosterone', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'GAP-43 Protein', 'Hippocampus', 'Male', 'Nerve Growth Factors', 'Neurotrophin 3', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 9,645,683
|
[['E04.270.115'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.062', 'D06.472.040.585.353.118'], ['D04.210.500.054.040'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.237', 'D06.472.040.585.353.237'], ['D12.644.276.624.120', 'D12.776.467.624.120', 'D23.529.624.120'], ['D12.776.395.550.400', 'D12.776.543.550.400', 'D12.776.631.400'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D12.644.276.860', 'D12.776.467.860', 'D12.776.631.600', 'D23.529.850'], ['D12.644.276.860.775', 'D12.776.467.860.775', 'D12.776.631.600.775', 'D23.529.850.775'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Modified Alderman-Grant resonator with high-power stability for proton electron double resonance imaging.
|
Proton-electron double resonance imaging (PEDRI) requires a dual EPR/NMR resonator. In order to saturate electron spins, long high-power RF EPR pulses are needed. Dissipated power causes resonator and sample heating, resulting in instability of the resonator frequency and coupling, which in turn causes a reduction in sensitivity. To overcome this problem, we designed, built, and tested a modified Alderman-Grant (MAG) resonator for in vivo and in vitro applications. We improved the temperature stability by using fused quartz in critical structural components of the resonator and employing a design that minimized moving parts. All of the components of the resonator and matching circuit, including coupling capacitors, were rigidly positioned on the surface of the quartz tube. Electrical coupling circuitry between the feeding cable and resonator was employed to provide independent coupling and tuning adjustments, which improved the ease and speed of operation. The equivalent schematic of the matching circuit is presented along with calculations of critical parameters. The resonator exhibits no frequency shift with 20 W of continuous power irradiation, and can handle intermittent power of 60 W for up to 3 min without detuning, enabling stable and reliable data acquisition for PEDRI of biological samples.
|
['Computer-Aided Design', 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Image Enhancement', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Protons', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Transducers']
| 16,902,975
|
[['L01.224.108.150', 'L01.296.110.150'], ['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E07.305.812']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Identification of distinct molecular phenotypes in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia by gene expression profiling.
|
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are predisposed to develop acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), characterized by expression of truncated GATA1 transcription factor protein (GATA1s) due to somatic mutation. The treatment outcome for DS-AMKL is more favorable than for AMKL in non-DS patients. To gain insight into gene expression differences in AMKL, we compared 24 DS and 39 non-DS AMKL samples. We found that non-DS-AMKL samples cluster in two groups, characterized by differences in expression of HOX/TALE family members. Both of these groups are distinct from DS-AMKL, independent of chromosome 21 gene expression. To explore alterations of the GATA1 transcriptome, we used cross-species comparison with genes regulated by GATA1 expression in murine erythroid precursors. Genes repressed after GATA1 induction in the murine system, most notably GATA-2, MYC, and KIT, show increased expression in DS-AMKL, suggesting that GATA1s fail to repress this class of genes. Only a subset of genes that are up-regulated upon GATA1 induction in the murine system show increased expression in DS-AMKL, including GATA1 and BACH1, a probable negative regulator of megakaryocytic differentiation located on chromosome 21. Surprisingly, expression of the chromosome 21 gene RUNX1, a known regulator of megakaryopoiesis, was not elevated in DS-AMKL. Our results identify relevant signatures for distinct AMKL entities and provide insight into gene expression changes associated with these related leukemias.
|
['Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21', 'Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit', 'Down Syndrome', 'GATA1 Transcription Factor', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute', 'Multigene Family', 'Phenotype', 'Transcription Factors']
| 16,492,768
|
[['A11.284.187.520.300.505.510', 'G05.360.162.520.300.505.510'], ['D12.776.930.155.200.200'], ['C10.597.606.360.220', 'C16.131.077.327', 'C16.131.260.260', 'C16.320.180.260'], ['D12.776.260.235.500', 'D12.776.260.257.100', 'D12.776.930.216.500', 'D12.776.930.314.100'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.450'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['G05.695'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Observation of the changes in the locomotor apparatus and calcium-phosphorus metabolism in kidney transplant patients].
|
Renal function indices were analyzed as well as those of calcium-phosphorus metabolism and the state of bone skeleton in seven patients with renal transplantation. Consideration is given to a grave complication resulting from a long-term treatment with corticosteroids--aseptic osteonecrosis, found in two of the subjects observed and severe cortisone myopathy in one of the patients.
|
['Adult', 'Azathioprine', 'Bone and Bones', 'Calcium', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phosphorus', 'Postoperative Care', 'Prednisolone', 'Radiography', 'Time Factors']
| 335,661
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.886.759.111', 'D03.633.100.759.570.090', 'D13.570.900.111'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.268.666'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis.
|
A case of multiple sclerosis was diagnosed as paranoid schizophrenia 10 years earlier. The schizophrenic disorder, severe and almost nonremittent for 10 years, failed to respond to adequate drug therapy. The computerized axial tomography scan revealed moderate atrophy of the anterior cerebellar vermis, a finding of interest in view of studies which have implicated anterior vermis pathology in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
|
['Adult', 'Cerebellum', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Schizophrenia, Paranoid', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 6,854,297
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['F03.700.750.600'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Coding guidelines for ICD-9 section on mental disorders and reliability of chart clinical diagnoses.
|
A major innovation of the ICD-10 draft is provision of diagnostic guidelines. This is assumed to be appropriate for use in clinical situations. In Norway a similar approach was adopted when ICD-9 was introduced as the official classification system in 1987. This was done in order to avoid national diagnostic bias and increase diagnostic reliability. A comparison with the DSM-III criteria was included in the diagnostic guidelines. The effectiveness of this approach was investigated by comparing the chart ICD-9 diagnoses of 104 psychiatric in- and outpatients from 2 teaching hospitals with the diagnoses obtained by using case record rating forms (criterion diagnosis). According to the criterion diagnoses, the base rate of chart diagnoses of schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis was too low, and the base rate of reactive psychosis too high. Several chart diagnoses proved to have low reliability, particularly reactive psychosis, paranoid psychosis, depressive neurosis and personality disorders. The study suggests that the provision of extensive diagnostic guidelines does not necessarily alter previous diagnostic practice. Reasons for these findings and the implications for the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria and diagnostic guidelines are discussed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Humans', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Norway', 'Schizophrenia']
| 2,330,831
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F03.084.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['F03.700.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
The treatment of late post-traumatic orbital deformities.
|
Trauma to the orbital region may result in fractures of the bony orbit, displacement of which gives rise to malposition of the eye and diplopia. If initial treatment is not feasible or is unsuccessful, later correction may be achieved by osteotomy or reduction and stabilisation of the bony fragments, often with bone grafts. Displaced medial or lateral canthi may need to be repositioned, where feasible in an overcorrected position. Where bone grafts are necessary, the skull is now favoured as the best donor site.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Orbital Fractures', 'Skull Fractures', 'Surgery, Plastic', 'Time Factors']
| 3,375,902
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.900.300.284.500.550', 'C26.404.750.684', 'C26.915.300.425.500.550'], ['C10.900.300.918', 'C26.404.750', 'C26.915.300.745'], ['H02.403.810.788'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Tailoring the atomic structure of graphene nanoribbons by scanning tunnelling microscope lithography.
|
The practical realization of nanoscale electronics faces two major challenges: the precise engineering of the building blocks and their assembly into functional circuits. In spite of the exceptional electronic properties of carbon nanotubes, only basic demonstration devices have been realized that require time-consuming processes. This is mainly due to a lack of selective growth and reliable assembly processes for nanotubes. However, graphene offers an attractive alternative. Here we report the patterning of graphene nanoribbons and bent junctions with nanometre-precision, well-defined widths and predetermined crystallographic orientations, allowing us to fully engineer their electronic structure using scanning tunnelling microscope lithography. The atomic structure and electronic properties of the ribbons have been investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy and tunnelling spectroscopy measurements. Opening of confinement gaps up to 0.5 eV, enabling room-temperature operation of graphene nanoribbon-based devices, is reported. This method avoids the difficulties of assembling nanoscale components and may prove useful in the realization of complete integrated circuits, operating as room-temperature ballistic electronic devices.
|
['Carbon', 'Crystallization', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Materials Testing', 'Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Nanotechnology', 'Nanotubes', 'Particle Size', 'Photography', 'Surface Properties']
| 18,654,562
|
[['D01.268.150'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D05'], ['E05.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.500', 'E05.595.666.500'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['J01.637.512.850'], ['G02.712'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ev 2, a genetic locus containing structural genes for endogenous virus, codes for Rous-associated virus type 0 produced by line 72 chickens.
|
ev 2 is one of seven recently described genetic loci of chickens which contain structural genes for endogenous virus. ev 2 is present exclusively in line 72 chickens, an inbred strain of white Leghorns which is homozygous for the capacity to produce Rous-associated virus type 0 (RAV-0), a subgroup E virus. This phenotype is known as V+ and has been assigned a genetic allele designated V-E7. The segregation of ev 2 was followed in a genetic cross in which the V-E7+ phenotype was also segregating. The progeny of the cross were analyzed for endogenous viral loci by cleavage of embryo DNA with restriction endonuclease SstI, electrophoretic separation of the resulting fragments, and identification of bands containing viral sequences by hybridization of the DNA to radiolabeled viral RNA. Four endogenous viral loci, ev 1, ev 2, ev 4, and ev 5, were identified in the progeny of the cross. One of the progeny contained no detectable endogenous viral sequences. ev 1, ev 4, and ev 5 were present in progeny of both the V-E7+ and V-E7- phenotypes. ev 2 was present exclusively in progeny of the V-E7+ phenotype, and all V-E7+ progeny contained ev 2. In addition, one of the V-E7+ progeny contained only ev 2. FRom these data, we conclude that ev 2 codes for RAV-0 virus produced by the cells of line 72 chickens.
|
['Alleles', 'Animals', 'Avian Leukosis Virus', 'Chick Embryo', 'Chickens', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Crosses, Genetic', 'Culture Techniques', 'DNA', 'DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'Genes', 'Genes, Viral', 'Male', 'Virus Replication']
| 6,245,230
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A muscular fatigue index based on the relationships between superimposed M wave and preceding background activity.
|
A practical muscle fatigue index is studied in this paper using the correlation between the instantaneous frequencies (IF's) of the superimposed M wave and the mean power frequency (MPF) of the preceding background activity. A superimposed M wave is an M wave elicited during a sustained contraction and was recently introduced for studying muscle fatigue. We investigated the details of the distribution of a feature vector (mpf, if) in two-dimensional space. Our experimental results showed that MPF and IF's were closely correlated during the first phase of a short-term high-level sustained voluntary contraction and then became uncorrelated or sometimes showed negative correlation as muscular fatigue progressed. Combining the correlation coefficients and conventional myoelectric (ME) parameters, such as the MPF and the average rectified value of ME signals, we propose a fuzzy rule based muscular fatigue index that can be used for managing the inevitable variability among individual subjects collected as a group. Introducing fuzzy inference seemed effective, but further studies including detailed investigation of the level of voluntary effort, the muscle fiber type composition, and metabolic by-products will be needed to customize the membership functions and fuzzy rules more appropriately in each practical field.
|
['Adult', 'Electromyography', 'Exercise', 'Fuzzy Logic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle Fatigue', 'Reference Values']
| 9,775,533
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E05.599.250', 'K01.752.448.250', 'L01.224.050.375.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494'], ['G11.427.550'], ['E05.978.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Radical cystectomy using endoscopic stapling devices: preliminary experience with a simple and reliable technique.
|
PURPOSE: We introduce a new technique to decrease operative time and blood loss during radical cystectomy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used endoscopic stapling devices for secure hemostasis, as well as rapid division of the bladder and prostatic lateral ligaments, and the deep dorsal vein complex during radical cystectomy in 16 patients with bladder or urethral cancer compared to 11 who underwent cystectomy via a conventional method, consisting of incision and ligation with sutures.RESULTS: In most cases the endoscopic staplers were useful for sufficient hemostasis and rapid division of the ligaments and/or venous plexus. Mean total operative time with the stapling technique was significantly shorter than that with the standard technique (p = 0.003), and mean total blood loss was less than with the standard technique but the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS: Although our study was not designed in a randomized manner, we believe that endoscopic stapling devices facilitate radical cystectomy.
|
['Blood Loss, Surgical', 'Cystectomy', 'Cystoscopy', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Surgical Staplers', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 8,976,267
|
[['C23.550.414.300', 'C23.550.505.300'], ['E04.950.774.150'], ['E01.370.388.250.180', 'E01.370.390.175', 'E04.502.250.180', 'E04.950.774.155'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.858.700.750'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Immunohistochemical studies of the HPL concentration in the mature human placenta].
|
The differences of HPL-concentration in different sections of the placenton are shown in twenty placentas by means of immunocytochemistry. The less mature villi of the plascenton centre demonstrate a lower concentration of HPL as the placenton periphery. The X-cells of the basal plate are recognised of fetal origin because of their HPL content.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Immunochemistry', 'Placenta', 'Placental Lactogen', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Third']
| 6,540,933
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.158.201.486', 'H01.181.122.605', 'H02.403.044.500'], ['A16.710'], ['D06.472.699.649.692', 'D12.644.548.726.692', 'D12.776.780.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.520']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A survey on Swiss women's preferred menstrual/withdrawal bleeding pattern over different phases of reproductive life and with use of hormonal contraception.
|
BACKGROUND: Today, options for bleeding-free lifestyle are actively promoted by the media, the pharmaceutical industry and health specialists. With regard to contraceptive counselling it is important to find out what women really want.METHODS: In the present study we collected information on women's attitudes towards monthly bleeding and preferences, if they could have the option to modify their individual bleeding pattern. Furthermore we evaluated the preferences with use of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs). Switzerland has never been surveyed before with regard to these issues. Questionnaires were distributed in our family planning clinic and two outdoor offices to clients aged 15 to 19 years, 25 to 34 years, and 45 to 49 years.RESULTS: Of 530 questionnaires, 292 were eligible for analysis. Around 50 of the participants would appreciate having fewer menstrual period-related symptoms. Some 37% preferred experiencing a monthly bleeding; 32% opted for every 2 to 6 months; and 29%, for no bleeding at all. This heterogeneous distribution did not differ between clients with and without menstrual symptoms. With regard to CHC use, predictable bleeding was rated as very positive and breakthrough bleeding as negative.CONCLUSION: Contraceptive counsellors should be aware that women's wishes differ widely. Predictability of bleeding seems to be more important to them than postponing it.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Contraceptive Agents, Female', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Menstruation', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Preference', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Switzerland', 'Young Adult']
| 24,856,072
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['D27.505.696.875.360.276', 'D27.505.954.705.360.276'], ['N01.824.196'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.605.428'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.625.500', 'F01.145.488.887.625.500', 'N04.452.822.700.500', 'N05.300.150.800.625.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.883'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell activity is required for neuroprotection in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
|
PURPOSE: In our previous study, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-êB) played a neuroprotective role in retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. However, the mechanism of NF-êB neuroprotection is still unclear. We hypothesize that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is expressed and NF-êB activity induced by p38 MAPK plays a neuroprotective role through antiapoptotic genes (B-cell lymphoma [Bcl]-2 and Bcl-XL) in retinal cells in retinal I/R injury.METHODS: Retinal ischemia was induced by elevating intraocular pressure in rats. After retinal I/R, the p38 MAPK, NF-êB p65, Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL mRNA levels were measured with real-time polymerase chain reaction. NF-êB p65 activity was assessed with NF-êB enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in retinal I/R injury and after application of the p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580). Furthermore, SB203580 and NF-êB p65 short interfering RNA (siRNA) were used in retinal I/R injury to examine the effects on Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL levels and nucleosome release in the retina and cell survival in the ganglion cell layer.RESULTS: The mRNA levels of NF-êB p65 and p38 MAPK reached a peak at 6 h after retinal I/R and then decreased gradually. The mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL significantly increased at 2, 4, and 6 h, peaked at 8 h, and decreased gradually, but remained at a higher level compared with the normal control, which was accompanied by an increase in NF-êB p65 in nuclear extracts. After application of SB203580, the increase in the NF-êB p65 levels in the nucleus induced with I/R was completely abolished, and the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL decreased significantly compared with the I/R controls. In addition, NF-êB p65 siRNA inhibited Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expression. Inhibition of the p38 MAPK-NF-êB pathway (using SB203580 or NF-êB p65 siRNA) increased retinal nucleosome release and decreased the number of ganglion cells.CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence of crosstalk between p38 MAPK and NF-êB p65 and demonstrate a possible neuroprotective role for the p38 MAPK-NF-êB pathway through Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL in retinal I/R injury in rats.
|
['Animals', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Imidazoles', 'Male', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Pyridines', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Rats', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Retina', 'Retinal Ganglion Cells', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcription Factor RelA', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']
| 22,876,136
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.308'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['C14.907.725', 'C23.550.767.877'], ['A09.371.729'], ['A08.675.650.850.875', 'A09.371.729.831.875', 'A11.671.650.850.875'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.260.600.249', 'D12.776.660.600.249', 'D12.776.930.600.249'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of home visiting by nurses on maternal and child mortality: results of a 2-decade follow-up of a randomized clinical trial.
|
IMPORTANCE: Mothers and children living in adverse contexts are at risk of premature death.OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of prenatal and infant/toddler nurse home visiting on maternal and child mortality during a 2-decade period (1990-2011).DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A randomized clinical trial was designed originally to assess the home visiting program's effect on pregnancy outcomes and maternal and child health through child age 2 years. The study was conducted in a public system of obstetric and pediatric care in Memphis, Tennessee. Participants included primarily African American women and their first live-born children living in highly disadvantaged urban neighborhoods, who were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: treatment 1 (transportation for prenatal care [n = 166]), treatment 2 (transportation plus developmental screening for infants and toddlers [n = 514]), treatment 3 (transportation plus prenatal/postpartum home visiting [n = 230]), and treatment 4 (transportation, screening, and prenatal, postpartum, and infant/toddler home visiting [n = 228]). Treatments 1 and 3 were included originally to increase statistical power for testing pregnancy outcomes. For determining mortality, background information was available for all 1138 mothers assigned to all 4 treatments and all but 2 live-born children in treatments 2 and 4 (n = 704). Inclusion of children in treatments 1 and 3 was not possible because background information was missing on too many children.INTERVENTIONS: Nurses sought to improve the outcomes of pregnancy, children's health and development, and mothers' health and life-course with home visits beginning during pregnancy and continuing through child age 2 years.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: All-cause mortality in mothers and preventable-cause mortality in children (sudden infant death syndrome, unintentional injury, and homicide) derived from the National Death Index.RESULTS: The mean (SE) 21-year maternal all-cause mortality rate was 3.7% (0.74%) in the combined control group (treatments 1 and 2), 0.4% (0.43%) in treatment 3, and 2.2% (0.97%) in treatment 4. The survival contrast of treatments 1 and 2 combined with treatment 3 was significant (P = .007); the contrast of treatments 1 and 2 combined with treatment 4 was not significant (P = .19), and the contrast of treatments 1 and 2 combined with treatments 3 and 4 combined was significant (post hoc P = .008). At child age 20 years, the preventable-cause child mortality rate was 1.6% (0.57%) in treatment 2 and 0.0% (SE not calculable) in treatment 4; the survival contrast was significant (P = .04).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Prenatal and infant/toddler home visitation by nurses is a promising means of reducing all-cause mortality among mothers and preventable-cause mortality in their first-born children living in highly disadvantaged settings.TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00708695.
|
['African Americans', 'Child', 'Child Health Services', 'Child Mortality', 'Child Welfare', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'House Calls', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Maternal Health Services', 'Maternal Mortality', 'Nurses, Community Health', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Survival Analysis', 'Tennessee', 'Urban Population']
| 25,003,802
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N02.421.143.130'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.287', 'N01.224.935.698.150', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.287', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.287'], ['I01.880.787.293'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['N04.452.758.307'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['N02.421.143.620', 'N02.421.800.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.500', 'N01.224.935.698.653', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.500', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.500'], ['M01.526.485.650.655', 'N02.360.650.655'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.775'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Discovery and annotation of small proteins using genomics, proteomics, and computational approaches.
|
Small proteins (10-200 amino acids [aa] in length) encoded by short open reading frames (sORF) play important regulatory roles in various biological processes, including tumor progression, stress response, flowering, and hormone signaling. However, ab initio discovery of small proteins has been relatively overlooked. Recent advances in deep transcriptome sequencing make it possible to efficiently identify sORFs at the genome level. In this study, we obtained ~2.6 million expressed sequence tag (EST) reads from Populus deltoides leaf transcriptome and reconstructed full-length transcripts from the EST sequences. We identified an initial set of 12,852 sORFs encoding proteins of 10-200 aa in length. Three computational approaches were then used to enrich for bona fide protein-coding sORFs from the initial sORF set: (1) coding-potential prediction, (2) evolutionary conservation between P. deltoides and other plant species, and (3) gene family clustering within P. deltoides. As a result, a high-confidence sORF candidate set containing 1469 genes was obtained. Analysis of the protein domains, non-protein-coding RNA motifs, sequence length distribution, and protein mass spectrometry data supported this high-confidence sORF set. In the high-confidence sORF candidate set, known protein domains were identified in 1282 genes (higher-confidence sORF candidate set), out of which 611 genes, designated as highest-confidence candidate sORF set, were supported by proteomics data. Of the 611 highest-confidence candidate sORF genes, 56 were new to the current Populus genome annotation. This study not only demonstrates that there are potential sORF candidates to be annotated in sequenced genomes, but also presents an efficient strategy for discovery of sORFs in species with no genome annotation yet available.
|
['Computational Biology', 'Expressed Sequence Tags', 'Genomics', 'Molecular Sequence Annotation', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Proteins', 'Populus', 'Proteomics', 'RNA, Untranslated', 'Research Design']
| 21,367,939
|
[['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.275'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['E05.393.760.479', 'L01.453.245.667.580'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.875.453'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['D13.444.735.790'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Ossifying fibroma of the inferior turbinate.
|
Hypertrophy of inferior turbinate is a common condition, especially with nasal septum deviation. Sometimes, the cause of hypertrophy of inferior turbinate can be fibro-osseous lesions. Benign, rare, and non-aggressive fibro-osseous neoplasms such as ossifying fibroma can affect paranasal sinuses. Isolated inferior turbinate involvement is extremely rare in ossifying fibroma. In this article, we present a 28-year-old female suffering from nasal obstruction due to septal deviation and hypertrophy of inferior turbinate. Preoperative and postoperative investigation show that cause of hypertrophy of inferior turbinate is ossifying fibroma. To our knowledge, that this is the second case of ossifying fibroma reported in the English-language literature due to its isolated localization. However, if the patients with inferior turbinate hypertrophy are examined carefully, we can prevent unnecessary medical treatment and surgery for inferior turbinate hypertrophy.
|
['Adult', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Fibroma, Ossifying', 'Humans', 'Hypertrophy', 'Nasal Obstruction', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Turbinates']
| 21,595,621
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.400', 'C04.557.450.565.590.340.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.300.775'], ['C08.460.525', 'C08.618.846.185.525', 'C09.603.525'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.948', 'A04.531.898']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Structural and functional studies of the potent anti-HIV chemokine variant P2-RANTES.
|
The N-terminal region of the chemokine RANTES is critical for its function. A synthesized N-terminally modified analog of RANTES, P2-RANTES, was discovered using a phage display selection against living CCR5-expressing cells, and has been reported to inhibit HIV-1 env-mediated cell-cell fusion at subnanomolar levels (Hartley et al. J Virol 2003;77:6637-6644). In the present study we produced this protein using E. coli overexpression and extensively studied its structure and function. The x-ray crystal structure of P2-RANTES was solved and refined at 1.7 A resolution. This protein was found to be predominantly a monomer in solution by analytical ultracentrifugation, but a tetramer in the crystal. In studies of glycosaminoglycan binding, P2-RANTES was found to be significantly less able to bind heparin than wild type RANTES. We also tested this protein for receptor internalization where it was shown to be functional, in cell-cell fusion assays where recombinant P2-RANTES was a potent fusion inhibitor (IC(50) = 2.4 +/- 0.8 nM), and in single round infection assays where P2-RANTES inhibited at subnanomolar levels. Further, in a modified fusion assay designed to test specificity of inhibition, P2-RANTES was also highly effective, with a 65-fold improvement over the fusion inhibitor C37, which is closely related to the clinically approved inhibitor T-20. These studies provide detailed structural and functional information for this novel N-terminally modified chemokine mutant. This information will be very useful in the development of more potent anti-HIV agents. PDB Accession Number: 2vxw.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Chemokine CCL5', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'HIV Fusion Inhibitors', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'HeLa Cells', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Protein Binding']
| 19,722,264
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.250', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.250', 'D23.125.300.110.250', 'D23.469.200.110.250', 'D23.529.374.200.110.250'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D27.505.519.957.500', 'D27.505.954.122.388.077.088.209', 'D27.505.954.122.388.538.500'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genes within the HLA class II region confer both predisposition and resistance to primary biliary cirrhosis.
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Nonradioactive sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes for the polymorphic HLA class II genes have been used to type samples from 51 Caucasian patients with the autoimmune liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, and 240 Caucasian controls. Although the allelic distribution at the DPB1 locus showed no significant variation between patients and controls, there was heterogeneity in the distribution of DR-DQ haplotypes where the frequency of the DRB1*0801-DQA1*0401/0601-DQB1*04 haplotype was significantly increased in the patients, suggesting it confers susceptibility to this disease. Two other haplotypes, DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 and DRB1*1302-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0604, were significantly reduced in the patients, suggesting they confer protection. Tests of the individual loci show that resistance to this disease is most strongly associated with the DQA1*0102 allele shared by both protective haplotypes. Due to linkage disequilibrium it is unclear whether multiple genes or a single locus on the susceptible DR8 haplotype are needed for predisposition. These data show that distinct HLA class II alleles confer both predisposition and resistance to PBC and provide insight into the role that these genes may play in the immunopathogenesis of this disease.
|
['Causality', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'HLA-DQ Antigens', 'HLA-DR Antigens', 'Haplotypes', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class II', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 8,016,844
|
[['N05.715.350.200', 'N06.850.490.625'], ['C23.550.291.687', 'G07.100.250'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.430', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.430', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.430', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.430', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.430', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.430'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440'], ['G05.380.360'], ['D12.776.395.550.509', 'D12.776.543.550.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400', 'D23.050.705.552.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.564'], ['C06.130.120.135.250.250', 'C06.552.150.250', 'C06.552.630.400', 'C23.550.355.412.400'], ['E05.393.620.500']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The value of computed tomography and ultrasound in assessment of pelvic lymph node metastases in patients with clinically locally confined carcinoma of the prostate.
|
With the aim of detecting any metastases in pelvic lymph nodes, computed tomography (CT) was performed in 42 patients with clinically localized prostatic carcinoma, and ultrasound (US) examination in 35 of them, prior to pelvic lymphadenectomy. CT was positive in only one patient, and US was negative in all examined patients. At lymph node dissection macrometastases were found in four patients and histopathologic examination revealed micrometastases in a further ten patients. It is concluded that in clinically locally confined prostatic carcinoma CT and US are insensitive in diagnosing pelvic lymph node metastases, and that lymph node dissection remains the only method for staging of the regional lymph nodes.
|
['Aged', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pelvic Neoplasms', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography']
| 3,291,093
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.699'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Changes in racial-ethnic disparities in use and adequacy of mental health care in the United States, 1990–2003.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study examined changes in white-black and white-Latino disparities in the use of any mental health care and minimally adequate mental health care.METHODS: Using data from the 1990–1992 National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) and the 2001–2003 National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), this study examined changes by race-ethnicity in use of mental health care among individuals age 18 to 54 with a 12-month mood or anxiety disorder. The sample consisted of 1,198 NCS respondents and 929 NCS-R respondents. Changes in disparities were estimated in the use of any mental health care in the general medical sector, the specialty mental health sector, and in total. Changes in disparities were also estimated in the use of minimally adequate mental health care (in total only).RESULTS: Disparities in the use of any mental health care increased over time, particularly between non-Latino whites and non-Latino blacks in the general medical sector and between non-Latino whites and Latinos in the specialty mental health sector. Disparities in the use of minimally adequate mental health care persisted between whites and blacks over time but were not detected between whites and Latinos in either period.CONCLUSIONS: The findings of greater racial-ethnic disparities in the general medical and specialty mental health sectors indicate that more targeted policies and programs are needed to increase use of mental health care in these health sectors among persons from racial-ethnic minority groups. The persistence of white-black disparities in the use of minimally adequate mental health care warrants further examination.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'African Americans', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'Continental Population Groups', 'Ethnic Groups', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Healthcare Disparities', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Health Services', 'Middle Aged', 'Mood Disorders', 'United States']
| 22,422,014
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['F03.080'], ['M01.686.508'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['N04.590.374.380', 'N05.300.493'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.408', 'N02.421.461'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F03.600'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Application of the generalized connectivity-based hierarchy to biomonomers: enthalpies of formation of cysteine and methionine.
|
Computational challenges toward an accurate determination of the enthalpies of formation of amino acids are partly due to the nonavailability of systematic error-canceling thermochemical procedures for such biomonomers. Recently, we developed the connectivity-based hierarchy (CBH) to accurately compute the enthalpies of formations of organic molecules composed of main group elements. Advancing the applicability of CBH to biologically relevant molecules, we have computed the enthalpies of formation of the naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine which act as fertile testing grounds for the error-canceling ability of thermochemical schemes for biomolecules. We establish herein using the sophisticated error-canceling isoatomic scheme (CBH-2) that relatively inexpensive computational methods with modest basis sets can be used to accurately obtain the enthalpies of formations of the amino acids. Overall, we recommend the use of the isoatomic scheme over the currently popular isodesmic bond separation scheme in future applications in theoretical thermochemistry.
|
['Cysteine', 'Methionine', 'Quantum Theory', 'Thermodynamics']
| 23,697,551
|
[['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['D02.886.030.676', 'D12.125.142.557', 'D12.125.154.549', 'D12.125.166.676'], ['H01.671.579.800'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Live and heat-killed Lactobacillus spp. interfere with Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus oralis during biofilm development on titanium surface.
|
OBJECTIVES: This research investigates the ability of live and heat-killed (HK) Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) to interfere with Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and Streptococcus oralis ATCC 9811 during biofilm formation.DESIGN: Eight Lactobacillus spp. and two oral colonizers, pathogenic Streptococcus mutans and resident Streptococcus oralis, were characterized for their aggregation abilities, cell surface properties and biofilm formation ability on titanium surface. Then, the interference activity of selected live and HK Lactobacillus spp. during S. mutans and S. oralis biofilm development were performed. The cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) anti-biofilm activity was also determined.RESULTS: LAB possess good abilities of auto-aggregation (from 14.19 to 28.97%) and of co-aggregation with S. oralis. The cell-surfaces characteristics were most pronounced in S. mutans and S. oralis, while the highest affinities to xylene and chloroform were observed in Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 (56.37%) and Lactobacillus paracasei B21060 (43.83%). S. mutans and S. oralis developed a biofilm on titanium surface, while LAB showed a limited or no ability to create biofilm. Live and HK L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 and L. paracasei B21060 inhibited streptococci biofilm formation by competition and displacement mechanisms with no substantial differences. The CFCSs of both LAB strains, particularly the undiluted one of L. paracasei B21060, decreased S. mutans and S. oralis biofilm formation.CONCLUSIONS: This study evidenced the association of LAB aggregation abilities and cell-surface properties with the LAB-mediated inhibition of S. mutans and S. oralis biofilm formation. Lactobacilli showed different mechanisms of action and peculiar strain-specific characteristics, maintained also in the heat-killed LAB.
|
['Antibiosis', 'Bacterial Adhesion', 'Biofilms', 'Hot Temperature', 'Lactobacillus', 'Streptococcus mutans', 'Streptococcus oralis', 'Surface Properties', 'Titanium']
| 28,193,570
|
[['G06.550.050', 'G16.062'], ['G06.099.050'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B03.353.750.450.475', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475', 'B03.510.550.450.475'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.875.520', 'B03.510.400.800.872.875.520', 'B03.510.550.737.872.875.520'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.875.600', 'B03.510.400.800.872.875.600', 'B03.510.550.737.872.875.600'], ['G02.860'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A cluster randomised controlled trial of pharmacist led statin outreach support (SOS) in primary care: design and baseline characteristics.
|
BACKGROUND: Statins reduce the risk of vascular events, however statin prescribing is often sub optimal and better evidence is needed to inform quality improvements. The Statin Outreach Support (SOS) trial was designed to test the efficacy of pharmacist led educational outreach directed at General Practices, aiming to improve statin prescribing for community dwelling patients with vascular disease. This paper describes the study rationale, design, methods and baseline characteristics of participants.DESIGN: The SOS trial was designed to investigate whether practices receiving SOS improve their statin prescribing and patients achieve reduced cholesterol levels. It was a prospective, single blind, cluster randomised controlled trial with a follow-up period of 5months minimum post SOS intervention delivery.RESULTS: Thirty one practices were recruited from the UK's largest Health Board area. At randomisation, 16 practices were allocated to SOS and 15 to usual care with 4040 patients included at baseline. Participating practices showed few differences compared with non-participating practices; practices and patients randomised to each arm of the study had similar distributions with respect to age, complications, cholesterol levels and statin prescribing. Baseline data compared favourably with landmark, placebo-controlled statin trials.CONCLUSIONS: Compared with existing implementation research, SOS trial has more participants, a detailed description of baseline characteristics and over 90% power (at 5% significance) to detect a difference of 12% in the proportion of patients with controlled cholesterol after SOS.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Drug Prescriptions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peripheral Vascular Diseases', 'Pharmacists', 'Physicians, Primary Care', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Regression Analysis', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'United Kingdom']
| 20,348,032
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['E02.319.307', 'N02.421.668.778.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.396'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.907.617'], ['M01.526.485.780', 'N02.360.780'], ['M01.526.485.810.800', 'N02.360.810.795'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prevalence and distribution of hip and knee joint replacements and hip implants in older Americans by the end of life.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hip and knee replacements have become increasingly common in the older population but the prevalence of these procedures and the potential impact on functioning towards the end of life have not been previously described. The aim of this study was to estimate the rates and distribution of hip and knee joint replacements and hip implants (surgical pins, screws, rods, plates, etc.) in people aged 65 and over who died in the US in 1993, and to measure mobility outcomes during their last year of life.METHODS: Data were drawn from the 1993 National Mortality Followback Survey; 7684 deaths in people aged 65 years or over were included. From these data full informant interviews were available for 6586 (86%). Three hundred and forty-four decedents had hip joint replacements, 357 had hip implants, and 102 had knee joint replacements. Replicate methods were used to obtain weighted estimates for all decedents in the 1993 US base population.RESULTS: Of female and male decedents, 15.5% (95% CI: 14.3-16.7) and 6.1% (95% CI: 3.9-8.2), respectively, had received the studied devices. About 80% of these had been implanted more than a year before death. There were large differences in the risks of receiving a hip joint replacement or a hip implant depending on gender, education and race. About 60% of recipients either had no difficulty in getting around their own homes during the last year of life or had difficulty lasting less than 6 months.CONCLUSIONS: Implanted hip and knee devices were common in older people who died in the US in 1993. Large sociodemographic differences in those who received vs those who did not were present at the end of life. While difficulty in walking is the main indication for joint replacements, a majority of those receiving replacements experienced less than 6 months of mobility difficulties in their own homes during the last year of their lives.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Osteoarthritis, Hip', 'Osteoarthritis, Knee', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution', 'Social Class', 'United States']
| 12,841,420
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.555.110.110.110', 'E04.650.110.110', 'E04.680.101.110.110'], ['E04.555.110.110.115', 'E04.650.110.115', 'E04.680.101.110.115'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['C05.550.114.606.400', 'C05.799.613.400'], ['C05.550.114.606.500', 'C05.799.613.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[50 years of hepatology - from therapeutic nihilism to targeted therapies].
|
Over the past 50 years significant progress has been made in the whole field of hepatology. Part of this is translation of basic research (biochemistry, immunology, virology, molecular biology and others) into clinical hepatology. This enabled us to understand more about the pathogenesis of liver diseases and led to the discovery of the five major hepatotropic viruses, the identification of hepatocellular autoantigens, and to the development of specific therapies for chronic hepatitis B, C and D. In addition, the molecular basis of most genetic liver diseases has been identified. Significant progress was made in the development of medical therapies for various liver diseases with different underlying etiologies. Surgery significantly contributed to the progress in the management of liver diseases; examples are laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the development of liver transplantation. A multimodal therapeutic algorithm has been established for the therapy of hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC); with Sorafenib "targeted therapy" has entered the area of HCC. The progress made over the last 50 years not only led to an aetiological differentiation of acute and chronic liver diseases but also to specific therapies based on the identification and understanding of the underlying etiology.
|
['Anniversaries and Special Events', 'Gastroenterology', 'Germany', 'Hepatectomy', 'History, 20th Century', 'History, 21st Century', 'Humans', 'Liver Diseases', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Molecular Targeted Therapy']
| 23,585,265
|
[['K01.400.095', 'N04.452.822.070'], ['H02.403.429.405'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['E04.210.556'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['K01.400.504.984'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['E02.319.574']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
2-[2-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-ylamino]-nicotinic acid (PD-307243) causes instantaneous current through human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channels.
|
Long and short QT syndromes associated with loss and gain of human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel activity, respectively, can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. As such, modulation of hERG channel activity is an important consideration in the development of all new therapeutic agents. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of action of 2-[2-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-ylamino]-nicotinic acid (PD-307243), a known hERG channel activator, on hERG channels stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells using the patch-clamp technique. In the whole-cell recordings, the extracellular application of PD-307243 concentration-dependently increased the hERG current and markedly slowed hERG channel deactivation and inactivation. PD-307243 had no effect on the selectivity filter of hERG channels. The activity of PD-307243 was use-dependent. PD-307243 (3 and 10 muM) induced instantaneous hERG current with little decay at membrane potentials from -120 to -40 mV. At more positive voltages, PD-307243 induced an I(to)-like upstroke of hERG current. The actions of PD-307243 on the rapid component of delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(Kr)) in rabbit ventricular myocytes were similar to those observed in hERG channel-transfected CHO cells. Inside-out patch experiments revealed that PD-307243 increased hERG tail currents by 2.1 +/- 0.6 (n = 7) and 3.4 +/- 0.3-fold (n = 4) at 3 and 10 muM, respectively, by slowing the channel deactivation but had no effect on channel activation. During a voltage-clamp protocol using a prerecorded cardiac action potential, 3 muM PD-307243 increased the total potassium ions passed through hERG channels by 8.8 +/- 1.0-fold (n = 5). Docking studies suggest that PD-307243 interacts with residues in the S5-P region of the channel.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'CHO Cells', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Isoindoles', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Microelectrodes', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Niacin', 'Nicotinic Acids', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Rabbits', 'Transfection']
| 18,042,732
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.249', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.249', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.249'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.409'], ['D03.633.100.513'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E07.305.250.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['D03.066.515.475', 'D03.383.725.547.475'], ['D03.066.515', 'D03.383.725.547'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Genome-wide analysis in endangered populations: a case study in Barbaresca sheep.
|
Analysis of genomic data is becoming increasingly common in the livestock industry and the findings have been an invaluable resource for effective management of breeding programs in small and endangered populations. In this paper, with the goal of highlighting the potential of genomic analysis for small and endangered populations, genome-wide levels of linkage disequilibrium, measured as the squared correlation coefficient of allele frequencies at a pair of loci, effective population size, runs of homozygosity (ROH) and genetic diversity parameters, were estimated in Barbaresca sheep using Illumina OvineSNP50K array data. Moreover, the breed's genetic structure and its relationship with other breeds were investigated. Levels of pairwise linkage disequilibrium decreased with increasing distance between single nucleotide polymorphisms. An average correlation coefficient <0.25 was found for markers located up to 50 kb apart. Therefore, these results support the need to use denser single nucleotide polymorphism panels for high power association mapping and genomic selection efficiency in future breeding programs. The estimate of past effective population size ranged from 747 animals 250 generations ago to 28 animals five generations ago, whereas the contemporary effective population size was 25 animals. A total of 637 ROH were identified, most of which were short (67%) and ranged from 1 to 10 Mb. The genetic analyses revealed that the Barbaresca breed tended to display lower variability than other Sicilian breeds. Recent inbreeding was evident, according to the ROH analysis. All the investigated parameters showed a comparatively narrow genetic base and indicated an endangered status for Barbaresca. Multidimensional scaling, model-based clustering, measurement of population differentiation, neighbor networks and haplotype sharing distinguished Barbaresca from other breeds, showed a low level of admixture with the other breeds considered in this study, and indicated clear genetic differences compared with other breeds. Attention should be given to the conservation of Barbaresca due to its critical conservation status. In this context, genomic information may have a crucial role in management of small and endangered populations.
|
['Animals', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Endangered Species', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genomics', 'Genotyping Techniques', 'Haplotypes', 'Homozygote', 'Inbreeding', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Population Density', 'Sheep']
| 28,077,191
|
[['B01.050'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['B01.050.050.565', 'G16.500.275.157.049.250', 'N06.230.080.200', 'N06.230.124.049.250'], ['G05.330'], ['G05.365'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['E05.393.442'], ['G05.380.360'], ['G05.380.554'], ['E05.820.150.520', 'G05.090.403'], ['G05.348.500'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Premenstrual symptoms: a reinterpretation.
|
Conclusions regarding the physiological basis and disruptive effects of premenstrual symptoms may be biased because of the reliance on self-report questionnaires as a source of data. In order to examine this possible bias, women's perceptions of their cycle phase were separated experimentally from actual cycle phase. Women who were led to believe that they were premenstrual reported experiencing a significantly higher degree of several physical symptoms, such as water retention, than did women who were led to believe they were intermenstrual. Thus, because of these psychosocial influences on symptom reports, it seems necessary to reexamine previous conclusions regarding the magnitude of menstrual-related changes as well as their physiolocical basis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Body Water', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pain', 'Premenstrual Syndrome', 'Research Design', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 560,058
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A12.207.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['C23.550.568.968'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Multiple roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in regulation of glucose transport, amino acid transport, and glucose transporters in L6 skeletal muscle cells.
|
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3k) activity is required for the insulin stimulation of glucose transport in adipocytes and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Wortmannin (WM), an inhibitor of PI3k, inhibits the stimulation of glucose transport by insulin and the gain of glucose transporters at the cell surface. However, the effect of inhibition of PI3k on the maintenance of the basal and the insulin-stimulated glucose transport and on the intracellular donor pool of glucose transporters has not been clarified. Here we show that in L6 skeletal muscle cells in culture WM significantly inhibits the basal PI3k activity (by 40%), decreases the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-phosphate and 3,4,5-phosphate (by about 50%) and abolishes the activation of the enzyme by insulin. WM inhibited the basal rate of transport of glucose (by 45%) and of amino acids through system A (by 25%) and abolished their stimulation by insulin. Insulin caused a transient increase in PI3k activity and PI3k products that returned to basal levels within 40 min, whereas glucose and amino acid transport remained elevated. Under these conditions, WM reduced the rate of glucose and amino acid transport back to basal levels. In unstimulated cells, WM decreased significantly the GLUT4 glucose transporter content at the plasma membrane and prevented the ability of insulin to recruit transporters to this membrane. Interestingly, the intracellular pools of the GLUT3 and GLUT4 glucose transporters were significantly reduced in response to WM treatment alone. We conclude that in muscle cells PI3k activity is required to maintain basal and insulin-stimulated glucose and amino acid transport, as well as to develop the stimulation of the two transport processes in response to the hormone. We hypothesize that PI3k, likely through production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-phosphate and 3,4,5-phosphate, regulates the basal plasma membrane glucose transporter recycling and the organization of the transporter intracellular pool, in addition to being an insulin signal.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Androstadienes', 'Biological Transport', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Transporter Type 1', 'Glucose Transporter Type 3', 'Glucose Transporter Type 4', 'Insulin', 'Monosaccharide Transport Proteins', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)', 'Wortmannin']
| 7,664,650
|
[['D12.125'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.129'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D12.776.157.530.500.500.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.563.500', 'D12.776.543.585.500.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.625.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.500.500.875', 'D12.776.157.530.937.563.875', 'D12.776.543.585.500.500.875', 'D12.776.543.585.937.625.875', 'D12.776.631.480'], ['D12.776.157.530.500.500.937', 'D12.776.157.530.937.563.937', 'D12.776.543.585.500.500.937', 'D12.776.543.585.937.625.937'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D12.776.157.530.500', 'D12.776.543.585.500'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.129.891']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Identification of multidrug resistance related genes in leukemia by suppression subtractive hybridization].
|
OBJECTIVE: To clone and screen genes related to multidrug resistance (MDR) in leukemia.METHODS: Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed to profile differentially expressed genes between a MDR leukemia cell line (K562/DOX, as tester) and its parent cell line (K562, as driver). Reverse Northern dot blot was carried out to further screen the subtracted cDNA library. The overexpressed cDNA fragments in K562/DOX cells were sequenced and compared with known genes in Genbank. RT-PCR and Northern blot were employed to confirm the differential expression of some identified genes.RESULTS: Eleven genes were identified being overexpressed in K562/DOX, including S3 ribosomal protein (S3rp) gene, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene and My023 gene, which have not been reported to be related to MDR in cancer.CONCLUSION: Several genes, which might be involved in MDR were identified, indicating novel mechanisms of MDR in leukemia.
|
['Blotting, Northern', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Gene Library', 'Genes, MDR', 'Humans', 'K562 Cells', 'Leukemia', 'NADH Dehydrogenase', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Ribosomal Proteins']
| 12,679,003
|
[['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['G07.690.773.984.300'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['G05.360.325'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.361', 'G05.360.340.024.340.645.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.510', 'A11.251.860.180.510', 'A11.443.240.497.480'], ['C04.557.337'], ['D08.811.682.608.504.500', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.863.500', 'D12.776.331.887', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.140.500'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.776.835']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Static and moving phantom studies for radiation treatment planning in a positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) system.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine an appropriate threshold value for delineation of the target in positron emission tomography (PET) and to investigate whether PET can delineate an internal target volume (ITV), a series of phantom studies were performed.METHODS: An ellipse phantom (background) was filled with 1028 Bq/ml of [(18)F] fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ((18)FDG), and six spheres of 10 mm, 13 mm, 17 mm, 22 mm, 28 mm, and 37 mm in diameter inside it were filled with (18)FDG activity to achieve source-to-background (S/B) ratios of 10, 15, and 20. In static phantom experiments, an appropriate threshold value was determined so that the size of PET delineation fits to an actual sphere. In moving phantom experiments with total translations of 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm and a period of oscillation of 4 s, the maximum size of PET delineation with the appropriate threshold value was measured in both the axial and sagittal planes.RESULTS: In the static phantom experiments, the measured maximum (18)FDG activities of spheres of less than 22 mm were lower than 80% of the injected (18)FDG activity, and those for the larger spheres ranged from 90% to 110%. Appropriate threshold values determined for the spheres of 22 mm or more ranged from 30% to 40% of the maximum (18)FDG activity, independent of the S/B ratio. Therefore, we adopted an appropriate threshold value as 35% of the measured maximum (18)FDG activity. In moving phantom experiments, the maximum (18)FDG activity of spheres decreased significantly, dependent on the movement distance. Although the sizes of PET delineation with 35% threshold value tended to be slightly smaller (<3 mm) than the actual spheres in the axial plane, the longest sizes in the sagittal plane were larger than the actual spheres.CONCLUSIONS: When a threshold value of 35% of the measured maximum (18)FDG activity was adopted, the sizes of PET delineation were almost the same for static and moving phantom spheres of 22 mm or more in the axial plane. In addition, PET images have the potential to provide an individualized ITV.
|
['Artifacts', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Motion', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'Reference Standards', 'Subtraction Technique', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 18,756,360
|
[['E05.047'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['G01.482'], ['N04.590.233.624'], ['E07.671'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E02.950.825', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.608'], ['E05.978.808'], ['E01.370.350.760'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Dietary cholesterol degrades rabbit long term memory for discrimination learning but facilitates acquisition of discrimination reversal.
|
We have shown previously that feeding dietary cholesterol before learning can improve acquisition whereas feeding cholesterol after learning can degrade long term memory. To examine these different findings within a single paradigm, we fed groups of rabbits 2% cholesterol or normal chow with or without 0.12 ppm copper added to the drinking water following two-tone discrimination learning of the nictitating membrane response in which a 8-kHz tone (conditioned stimulus, CS+) was followed by air puff and a 1-kHz tone (CS-) was not. After eight weeks on the diet, we assessed the rabbits' conditioned responding during testing and retraining. We then reversed the two-tone discrimination and assessed responding to the 1-kHz tone CS+ and the 8-kHz CS-. During testing, rabbits given cholesterol without copper had lower levels of responding to CS+ than rabbits in the other groups suggesting they did not retain the discrimination as well. However, during a brief discrimination retraining session, their response levels to the CS+ returned to the level of the other groups, demonstrating a return of the memory of the original discrimination. At the end of discrimination reversal, these same rabbits exhibited superior discrimination indexed by lower response levels to CS- but similar levels to CS+, suggesting they were better able to acquire the new relationship between the two tones by inhibiting CS- responses. These results add to our previous data by showing cholesterol diet-induced degradation of an old memory and facilitation of a new memory can both be demonstrated within a discrimination reversal paradigm. Given discrimination reversal is a hippocampally-dependent form of learning, the data support the role of cholesterol in modifying hippocampal function as we have shown previously with in vitro brain slice recordings.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Animals', 'Cholesterol, Dietary', 'Conditioning, Classical', 'Conditioning, Eyelid', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Male', 'Memory, Long-Term', 'Nictitating Membrane', 'Rabbits', 'Reversal Learning']
| 24,076,265
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.225', 'D10.212.302.347', 'D10.570.938.208.222'], ['F02.463.425.179.308'], ['F02.463.425.179.408'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['F02.463.425.540.305'], ['A13.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['F02.463.425.798']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serological relationships between Escherichia coli and Salmonella smooth- and rough-mutant lipopolysaccharides as revealed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human immunoglobulin G antiendotoxin antibodies.
|
Reactions of sera from healthy blood donors to smooth and rough mutant lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Escherichia coli O111:B4 and Salmonella minnesota which had been complexed with polymyxin B were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Relative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactivities were examined for prima facie evidence of cross-reactivity by analyses of correlation and relative scatter. Patterns of reactivity were interpreted in relation to published structures. Evidence was obtained for two dominant epitopes associated with the lipid A-2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid and heptose regions of the LPS core. Sera demonstrated apparent exclusive antibody homogeneity in that given sera showed only one of the two possible specificities, which occurred with equal frequency. Cross-reactivity was found in the lipid A-2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid region for all LPS. Cross-reactivity was found in the heptose region for larger rough mutant S. minnesota LPS and smooth S. minnesota LPS and for E. coli O111:B4 LPS but not for E. coli rough mutant J5 LPS, whose heptose region appears to be different from those of the other organisms.
|
['Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'Carbohydrate Sequence', 'Endotoxins', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Escherichia coli', 'Glycolipids', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Mutation', 'Salmonella', 'Serotyping']
| 3,312,008
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['D23.050.161'], ['D23.946.123'], ['G02.111.570.160', 'L01.453.245.667.160'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D09.400.410', 'D10.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B03.440.450.425.800', 'B03.660.250.150.710'], ['E01.370.225.812.742', 'E01.370.225.875.150.125.890', 'E05.200.812.742', 'E05.200.875.150.125.890', 'E05.478.594.780']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of an immunoassay for rapid detection of ganglioside GM(1) mimicry in Campylobacter jejuni strains.
|
Mimicry of peripheral nerve gangliosides by Campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) has been proposed to induce cross-reacting antiganglioside antibodies in Guillain-Barr? syndrome (GBS). Because current methods for LPS characterization are labor-intensive and inhibit the screening of large numbers of strains, a rapid GM(1) epitope screening assay was developed. Biomass from two agar plates of confluent growth yielded sufficient LPS using a novel phenol-water and ether extraction procedure. Extracts of LPS were reacted with cholera toxin (GM(1) ligand), peanut agglutinin (Gal beta1-->3GalNAc ligand), and anti-GM(1) antibodies. After the assay was validated, 12 of 59 (20%) C. jejuni serostrains, including four serotypes that have not previously been associated with GBS, reacted with two or more anti-GM(1) ganglioside reagents. Subsequently, LPS extracts from 5 of 7 (71%) C. jejuni isolates and 2 of 3 (67%) C. jejuni culture collection strains bore GM(1) structures. Overall, the assay system was reliable, efficient, and reproducible and may be adapted for large-scale epidemiological studies.
|
['Campylobacter jejuni', 'Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Epitopes', 'G(M1) Ganglioside', 'Humans', 'Immunoassay', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Molecular Mimicry']
| 11,283,076
|
[['B03.440.180.425', 'B03.660.150.235.250.500.375'], ['E05.196.181.400.537'], ['D23.050.550'], ['D09.400.410.420.025.475.390', 'D10.390.470.025.475.390', 'D10.570.877.360.025.475.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['G02.111.560', 'G05.545', 'G16.012.750.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Cerebral vasospasms after traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage].
|
We report the case of a 72-year-old man suffering from posttraumatic subarachnoidal hemorrhage. After recovering from the initial impaired consciousness and posttraumatic psychosis the patient deteriorated again 7 days after the accident. Cerebral vasospasm was found to be the underlying cause. So far few publications have drawn attention to posttraumatic vasospasm, though this is also interesting from the aspect of treatment.
|
['Aged', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Brain Concussion', 'Echoencephalography', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Humans', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Male', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Neurologic Examination', 'Subarachnoid Hemorrhage', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 1,944,713
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['C10.228.140.199.444.250', 'C10.900.300.087.235.250', 'C10.900.300.350.300', 'C26.915.300.200.194.250', 'C26.915.300.450.500', 'C26.974.382.200'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.260', 'E01.370.350.700.560.260', 'E01.370.350.850.260', 'E01.370.376.537.750.260', 'E05.629.937.260'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.836', 'C14.907.253.092.836'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['E01.370.376.550', 'E01.370.600.550'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.800', 'C14.907.253.573.800', 'C23.550.414.913.850'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of chloride and diamide on angiotensin converting enzyme from sheep testis and epididymis.
|
Effect of chloride and diamide on testicular and epididymal angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was investigated using Hip-His-Leu as substrate in sheep. The chloride ions functioned as ACE activators, however, there was no linear correlation between the two. The optimum chloride concentrations were 500 mM for epididymal ACE and 900-1100 mM for testicular ACE. Further, optimum chloride concentration increased ACE activity of testis and epididymis 25.40- folds and 12.84- folds respectively of the activities at physiological chloride concentration. The differences found in the effect of chloride on testicular and epididymal ACE activity suggest dissimilar three dimensional structure of ACE in these tissues. Increased testicular and epididymal ACE activity on diamide pretreatment indicates that tissue oxidation may affect ACE activity.
|
['Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Chlorides', 'Diamide', 'Epididymis', 'Male', 'Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A', 'Sheep', 'Sulfhydryl Reagents', 'Testis']
| 9,536,650
|
[['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['D02.172.300'], ['A05.360.444.371'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.350.687'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['D27.720.470.410.700'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Balancing measures or a balanced accounting of improvement impact: a qualitative analysis of individual and focus group interviews with improvement experts in Scotland.
|
BACKGROUND: As quality improvement (QI) programmes have become progressively larger scale, the risks of implementation having unintended consequences are increasingly recognised. More routine use of balancing measures to monitor unintended consequences has been proposed to evaluate overall effectiveness, but in practice published improvement interventions hardly ever report identification or measurement of consequences other than intended goals of improvement.METHODS: We conducted 15 semistructured interviews and two focus groups with 24 improvement experts to explore the current understanding of balancing measures in QI and inform a more balanced accounting of the overall impact of improvement interventions. Data were analysed iteratively using the framework approach.RESULTS: Participants described the consequences of improvement in terms of desirability/undesirability and the extent to which they were expected/unexpected when planning improvement. Four types of consequences were defined: expected desirable consequences (goals); expected undesirable consequences (trade-offs); unexpected undesirable consequences (unpleasant surprises); and unexpected desirable consequences (pleasant surprises). Unexpected consequences were considered important but rarely measured in existing programmes, and an improvement pause to take stock after implementation would allow these to be more actively identified and managed. A balanced accounting of all consequences of improvement interventions can facilitate staff engagement and reduce resistance to change, but has to be offset against the cost of additional data collection.CONCLUSION: Improvement measurement is usually focused on measuring intended goals, with minimal use of balancing measures which when used, typically monitor trade-offs expected before implementation. This paper proposes that improvers and leaders should seek a balanced accounting of all consequences of improvement across the life of an improvement programme, including deliberately pausing after implementation to identify and quantitatively or qualitatively evaluate any pleasant or unpleasant surprises.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Focus Groups', 'Goals', 'Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Quality Improvement', 'Scotland', 'State Medicine']
| 29,055,901
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['F01.658.500'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['N04.761.559', 'N05.715.360.575'], ['J01.293.754', 'N04.761.744'], ['Z01.542.363.766'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Molecular basis involved in the blocking effect of antidepressant metergoline on C-type inactivation of Kv1.4 channel.
|
Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) are transmembrane ion channels specific for potassium. Currently there are nine kinds of VGKCs. Kv1.4 is one of shaker-related potassium channels. It is a representative alpha subunit of potassium channels that can inactivate A type-currents, leading to N pattern inactivation. Inactivation of Kv channels plays an important role in shaping electrical signaling properties of neuronal and muscular cells. The shape of N pattern inactivation can be modified by removing the N-terminal (NT) domain which results in non-inactivated currents and C pattern inactivation. In a previous work, we have reported the regulatory effect of metergoline on Kv1.4 and Nav1.2 channel activity. In the present study, we constructed a mutant of deleted 61 residues from NT of Kv1.4 channels (Kv1.4 Ä2-61) and found that it induced an outward peak and steady-state currents We also studied the modulation effect of metergoline on the activity of this Kv1.4 Ä2-61 mutant channel without having the N-terminal quick inactivation domain. Our results revealed that treatment with metergoline inhibited NT deleted Kv1.4 mutant channel activity in a concentration-dependent manner which was reversible. Interestingly, metergoline treatment induced little effects on the outward peak current in the deleted Kv1.4 mutant channel. However, metergoline treatment conspicuously inhibited steady state currents of Kv1.4 Ä2-61 channels with acceleration current mode. The acceleration of steady-state current of deleted Kv1.4 mutant channel occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. This means that metergoline can accelerate C pattern inactivation of Kv1.4 Ä2-61 channel by acting as an open state dependent channel blocker. We also performed site-directed mutations in V561A and K532Y, also known as C-type inactivation sites. V561A, K532Y, and V561A + K532Y substitution mutants significantly attenuated the acceleration effect of metergoline on C pattern inactivation of hKv1.4 channel currents. In docking modeling study, predicted binding residues for metergoline were analyzed for six amino acids. Among them, the K532 residue known as the C-type inactivation site was analyzed to be a major site of action. Then various mutants were constructed. K532 substitution mutant significantly abolished the effect of metergoline on Kv1.4 currents among various mutants whereas other changes had slight inhibitory effects. Furthermore, we found that metergoline had specificity for Kv1.4, but not for Kv1.5 currents. In addition, the A type current in rat neuronal cell was inhibited and accelerated of inactivation. This result further shows that metergoline might interact with Lys532 residue and then accelerate C pattern inactivation of Kv1.4 channels with channel type specificity. Taken together, these results demonstrate the molecular basis involved in the effect of metergoline, an ergot alkaloid, on human Kv1.4 channel, providing a novel interaction ligand.
|
['Animals', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Binding Sites', 'Kinetics', 'Kv1.4 Potassium Channel', 'Lectins, C-Type', 'Metergoline', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Neurons', 'Oocytes', 'Potassium Channel Blockers', 'Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated', 'Rats', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 30,465,811
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.500.233', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.500.233', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.624.233'], ['D12.776.503.280'], ['D03.132.327.287.630', 'D03.633.400.439.630'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['D27.505.519.562.500', 'D27.505.954.411.645'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Leptin-resistant obese mice have paradoxically low biliary cholesterol saturation.
|
BACKGROUND: Human obesity is associated with leptin resistance, elevated serum glucose and lipids, hepatic steatosis, and cholesterol gallstone formation. These gallstones are thought to result from hypersecretion of biliary cholesterol as well as biliary stasis. Leptin-resistant Lep(db) obese mice, which are known to have elevated serum leptin, glucose, and lipids, as well as hepatic steatosis, should be an appropriate model for human gallstone formation. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that leptin-resistant mice would have increased gallbladder volume, biliary cholesterol saturation, and cholesterol crystal formation.METHODS: Sixty lean control mice and 60 Lep(db) obese mice on a low cholesterol chow diet were studied. Gallbladder volumes were measured and bile was pooled to calculate cholesterol saturation index. Serum cholesterol, glucose, and leptin levels were determined from pooled serum. Hepatic fat vacuoles were counted. Bile from a second group of 90 lean control and 59 obese mice was observed microscopically for cholesterol crystal formation.RESULTS: Leptin-resistant obese mice have significantly higher serum cholesterol, glucose, and leptin levels, hepatic fat vacuoles, and gallbladder volume than lean control mice. However, biliary cholesterol saturation index and cholesterol crystal formation were significantly diminished in the obese mice.CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that leptin-resistant Lep(db) obese mice have (1) increased gallbladder volume, (2) decreased biliary cholesterol saturation despite elevated serum cholesterol and hepatic steatosis, and (3) decreased in vitro cholesterol crystal formation. We conclude that the link between obesity and gallstone formation does not require hypersecretion of biliary cholesterol.
|
['Animals', 'Bile', 'Blood Glucose', 'Cholesterol', 'Crystallization', 'Drug Resistance', 'Female', 'Gallbladder', 'Leptin', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Obesity', 'Organ Size', 'Vacuoles']
| 12,947,343
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.200.087'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['A03.159.439'], ['D06.472.699.042.500', 'D12.644.276.024.500', 'D12.644.548.011.500', 'D12.776.467.024.500', 'D23.529.024.500'], ['G03.458'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
CT differentiation of pneumonic-type bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma and infectious pneumonia.
|
The objective was to analyse the potential of CT to distinguish pneumonic-type bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma (BAC) from infectious pneumonia. The study consisted of 21 patients with pathologically proven BAC and 30 patients with infectious pneumonia. Both groups of patients had patchy or diffuse consolidation of more than half the area of a lobe or lobes on CT. CT findings in these two groups were compared with regard to morphological appearance, including CT angiogram, air bronchogram, mucous bronchogram, contrast enhancement pattern, pseudocavitation, cavity with air-fluid level, location, satellite lesion, ground-glass opacity and bulging of the interlobar fissure. Air-filled bronchi were morphologically analysed as dilatation, stretching, sweeping, widening of the branching angle, squeezing and crowding. Lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion were also analysed. CT findings favouring the diagnosis of BAC included an air-filled bronchus within the consolidation with stretching, squeezing, sweeping, widening of the branching angle and bulging of the interlobar fissure (p<0.05). It is concluded that CT may be helpful in differentiating pneumonic-type BAC from infectious pneumonia if the air-filled bronchus within the consolidation shows stretching, squeezing, widening of the branching angle or bulging of the interlobar fissure.
|
['Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumonia, Bacterial', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 11,459,727
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025.022.500', 'C04.588.894.797.520.055.500'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.620', 'C01.748.610.540', 'C08.381.677.540', 'C08.730.610.540'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Interexaminer Reliability of Seated Motion Palpation for the Stiffest Spinal Site.
|
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the interexaminer reliability of palpation for stiffness in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal regions.METHODS: In this secondary data analysis, data from 70 patients from a chiropractic college outpatient clinic were analyzed. Two doctors of chiropractic palpated for the stiffest site within each spinal region. Each were asked to select the stiffest segment and to rate their confidence in their palpation findings. Reliability between examiners was calculated as Median Absolute Examiner Differences (MedianAED) and data dispersion as Median Absolute Deviation (MAD). Interquartile analysis of the paired examiner differences was performed.RESULTS: In total, 210 paired observations were analyzed. Nonparametric data precluded reliability determination using intraclass correlation. Findings included lumbar MedianAED = 0.5 vertebral equivalents (VE), thoracic = 1.7 VE, and cervical = 1.4 VE. For the combined dataset, the findings were MedianAED = 1.1 VE; MAD was lowest in the lumbar spine (0.3 VE) and highest in thoracic spine (1.4 VE), and for the combined dataset, MAD = 1.1 VE. Examiners agreed on the segment or the motion segment containing the stiffest site in 54% of the observations.CONCLUSIONS: Interexaminer reliability for palpation was good between 2 clinicians for the stiffest site in each region of the spine and in the combined dataset. This is consistent with previous studies of motion palpation using continuous analysis.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Movement', 'Observer Variation', 'Palpation', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Spine', 'Young Adult']
| 30,449,306
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E01.370.600.600'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['A02.835.232.834'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A coverage and slicing dependencies analysis for seeking software security defects.
|
Software security defects have a serious impact on the software quality and reliability. It is a major hidden danger for the operation of a system that a software system has some security flaws. When the scale of the software increases, its vulnerability has becoming much more difficult to find out. Once these vulnerabilities are exploited, it may lead to great loss. In this situation, the concept of Software Assurance is carried out by some experts. And the automated fault localization technique is a part of the research of Software Assurance. Currently, automated fault localization method includes coverage based fault localization (CBFL) and program slicing. Both of the methods have their own location advantages and defects. In this paper, we have put forward a new method, named Reverse Data Dependence Analysis Model, which integrates the two methods by analyzing the program structure. On this basis, we finally proposed a new automated fault localization method. This method not only is automation lossless but also changes the basic location unit into single sentence, which makes the location effect more accurate. Through several experiments, we proved that our method is more effective. Furthermore, we analyzed the effectiveness among these existing methods and different faults.
|
['Algorithms', 'Computer Security', 'Software']
| 24,982,957
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.224.134', 'N04.452.910.200'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
An alternative diagnostic test for active M?ni?re's disease and cochlear hydrops using high-pass noise masked responses: the complex amplitude ratio.
|
We [Don et al.: Otol Neurotol 2005;26:711-722] previously demonstrated that patients diagnosed with an active case of M?ni?re's disease could be distinguished from non-M?ni?re's normal-hearing subjects by a special auditory brainstem response method involving clicks and ipsilateral high-pass masking pink noise. Specifically, auditory brainstem responses to clicks presented alone and clicks with masking noise high-pass filtered at 8, 4, 2, 1 and 0.5 kHz were recorded. It was shown that the level of masking noise sufficient to progressively mask the response to clicks in non-M?ni?re's normal-hearing subjects was insufficient to appropriately mask the responses in M?ni?re's disease subjects, resulting in an obvious undermasked component. A relative latency measure of wave V or the undermasked component in the response to clicks with 0.5 kHz high-pass masking noise and wave V in the response to clicks presented alone clearly distinguished these two groups on an individual level, thus making it a valuable clinical tool. However, determining the peak latency of wave V or the undermasked component can be difficult in some cases. In anticipation of this difficulty, we investigated and present in this paper several amplitude measures that may help in the evaluation of these cases. One amplitude measure, the 'complex amplitude ratio', appears to be a good alternative when the latency measure of the undermasked component is difficult to determine.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Audiometry, Pure-Tone', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Brain Stem', 'Endolymphatic Hydrops', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Meniere Disease', 'Perceptual Masking', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Probability', 'Reaction Time', 'Reference Values', 'Sound Spectrography']
| 17,664,867
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.055'], ['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['C09.218.568.217'], ['G07.265.216.500.370.300', 'G07.888.250.300', 'G11.561.200.500.370.300'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C09.218.568.217.500'], ['F02.463.593.071.594', 'F02.463.593.932.733', 'G07.888.125.594'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.855']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[A study on acute multiple sclerosis].
|
With the purpose of investigating the clinicopathological changes and the criterion for differential diagnosis, ten cases of Acute multiple sclerosis (AMS) were analysed. The data suggested that its clinical course was an acute neurologic event characterized by psychic syndrome, paralysis and incontinence of bowel movement and urination. Pathologically, the demyelination lesion consisted of three patterns, i.e.: vascullar or spongy lesions, shadow plaques and liquefaction or necrosis. One of the above forms could exist individually or coexist with the others. The accurate diagnosis was made only after autopsy. Criterion for the differential diagnosis between AMS and ADEM were discussed.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Brain', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 9,206,213
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.171'], ['C10.114.375.225', 'C10.228.140.695.562.225', 'C10.314.350.225', 'C20.111.258.250.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Isolation, characterization, and EGFP expression in the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) mammary gland epithelial cell line.
|
This study was aimed to establish a buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BuMECs) line and maintain it for long-term by subculturing. BuMECs isolated from lactating buffalo mammary glands were cultured on a collagen matrix gel. BuMECs expressed significant amounts of the epithelial cell specific marker cytokeratin 18 as determined by immunohistochemistry. The BuMECs displayed monolayer, cobble-stone morphology, and formed lumen-, dome-, and duct-like structures. Furthermore, they were capable of synthesizing CSN2, BLG, ACACA, and BTN1A1, showed viability after thawing and expressed milk protein genes. The enhanced green fluorescent protein gene was transferred successfully into the BuMECs using lipofection method and the transfected cells could be maintained for long-term in culture by subculturing.
|
['Animals', 'Buffaloes', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Line', 'DNA Primers', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Keratin-18', 'Lactation', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Milk Proteins', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transfection']
| 23,180,034
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.135'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['A11.436'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D05.750.078.593.450.300.800', 'D12.776.220.475.450.300.800', 'D12.776.860.607.300.800'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['A12.790.520', 'D12.776.256.159.750', 'G07.203.300.428.159.812', 'J02.500.350.525.520', 'J02.500.428.159.750'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Novel loci fsd6.1 and Csgl3 regulate ultra-high fruit spine density in cucumber.
|
KEY MESSAGE: Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis of multiple populations in multiple environments revealed that the fsd6.2 locus, which includes the candidate gene Csgl3, controls high fruit spine density in natural cucumbers. GWAS identified a novel locus fsd6.1, which regulates ultra-high fruit spine density in combination with Csgl3, and evolved during cucumber domestication. Fruit spine density, a domestication trait, largely influences the commercial value of cucumbers. However, the molecular basis of fruit spine density in cucumber remains unclear. In this study, four populations were derived from five materials, which included three with low fruit spine density, one with high fruit spine density, and one with ultra-high fruit spine density. Fruit spine densities were measured in 15 environments over a span of 6 years. The distributions were bimodal suggesting that fruit spine density is controlled by a major-effect QTL. QTL analysis determined that the same major-effect QTL, fsd6.2, is present in four populations. Fine mapping indicated that Csgl3 is the candidate gene at the fsd6.2 locus. Phylogenetic and geographical distribution analyses revealed that Csgl3 originated from China, which has the highest genetic diversity for fruit spine density. One novel minor-effect QTL, fsd6.1, was detected in the HR and HP populations derived from the cross between 65G and 02245. In addition, GWAS identified a novel locus that colocates with fsd6.1. Inspection of a candidate region of about 18 kb in size using pairwise LD correlations, combined with genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of fsd6.1 in natural populations, indicated that Csa6G421750 is the candidate gene responsible for ultra-high fruit spine density in cucumber. This study provides new insights into the origin of fruit spine density and the evolution of high/ultra-high fruit spine density during cucumber domestication.
|
['China', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Cucumis sativus', 'Domestication', 'Fruit', 'Genes, Plant', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genetic Variation', 'Phenotype', 'Phylogeny', 'Quantitative Trait Loci']
| 30,242,492
|
[['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.393.183'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.300.188.666'], ['J01.040.330'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['E05.393.385'], ['G05.348'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Successful treatment of threatening limb loss ischemia of the upper limb caused by ergotamine. A case report and review of the literature.
|
We report a case of ischemia limited to the upper limb caused by chronic use of ergotamine. The effect of this drug was not related to hypersensitivity or to the potentiating effects of other medications. The patient was successfully treated discontinuing ergotamine and administering an alpha-blocking agent for three months. A review of the literature of the vascular complications of ergotamine is presented.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists', 'Angiography', 'Arm', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Ergotamine', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Ischemia', 'Middle Aged', 'Migraine Disorders', 'Prazosin', 'Serotonin Antagonists', 'Sumatriptan', 'Time Factors', 'Vasoconstrictor Agents']
| 11,887,064
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.100'], ['E01.370.350.700.060', 'E01.370.370.050'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['C14.907.137'], ['D03.132.327.412.400', 'D03.633.400.562.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.513'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.140.546.399.750'], ['D03.633.100.786.750'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.850'], ['D02.065.884.750', 'D02.886.590.700.750', 'D03.633.100.473.914.907'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D27.505.954.411.793']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Localization of myosin heavy chain A in the human pathogen Entamoeba histolytica.
|
To recognize myosin II in trophozoites of the human pathogen Entamoeba histolytica, a specific antimyosin polyclonal serum was raised against a fusion protein consisting of a 146-amino-acid fragment of the myosin II heavy chain A of E. histolytica (MhcA) fused with beta-galactosidase. The hybrid protein was encoded by a chimera gene formed by a DNA fragment, from the mhcA gene, amplified by polymerase chain reaction and fused with the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli. Polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA is located within the region encoding the tail domain of myosin. This antibody recognized a 250-kDa protein in extracts of E. histolytica trophozoites. Confocal microscope analysis of antibody-labelled trophozoites indicated that MhcA localizes at the posterior pole of locomoting cells and concentrates within the uroid. These results might indicate that MhcA is involved in movement and in the uroid formation which help amoebas to escape the host immune response. These data are the first evidence indicating that myosin exists in E. histolytica. In addition, two other peptides were found in myosin-enriched extracts of amoebas, indicating that other myosins may be present in this parasite.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Compartmentation', 'Cell Movement', 'Entamoeba histolytica', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Myosins', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Restriction Mapping']
| 8,432,587
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G04.128'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['B01.046.500.100.700.335.330'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D05.750.078.730.475', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.750', 'D12.776.210.500.600', 'D12.776.220.525.475'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['D12.776.820'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lymphocytosis of large granular lymphocytes in splenectomized subjects.
|
Lymphocytosis of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) has been observed in 6 patients splenectomized for various pathological conditions. In all of them the LGL count was higher than 3.5 x 10(9)/l. No patient showed neutropenia nor suffered from rheumatoid arthritis. A surface markers heterogeneity was observed by immunophenotypic studies. A reversal of the CD4/CD8 ratio was observed in all patients, indicating that LGL are in the majority CD8+. Three patients showed the phenotype CD2+ CD3+ CD4- CD8+ indicating the T-lineage derivation of LGL; patient 6 showed a non-T non-B phenotype (CD2- CD3- CD4- CD8+/-). The percentage of lymphocytes presenting LGL-related markers (HNK-1, CD16, CD11b) was higher than that observed in normal subjects in 4 out of 5 examined patients. However, the percentage of cells bearing these markers was inferior to the LGL counts indicating that not all LGL express them. NK cytotoxic activity was similar to that of normal subjects in the three examined patients. Our data suggest that lymphocytosis of LGL in splenectomized subjects is a reactive process favoured by the asplenic state.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antigens, CD', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Lymphocytes', 'Lymphocytosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Splenectomy']
| 3,271,571
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['C15.378.553.475.604'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.726']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Frequent 911 Fall Calls in Older Adults: Opportunity for Injury Prevention Strategies.
|
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the utility of monitoring emergency medical services (EMS) call patterns to identify older adults who may benefit from targeted fall prevention and medical monitoring strategies.DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of EMS fall-related care. The HealthEMS database for the community surveyed was queried from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2016. Fall-related calls for individuals aged 60 and older were identified and used to determine which individuals had subsequent fall calls and needed transport to the hospital over the study time period.SETTING: Medium-sized suburban community.PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling adults aged 60 and older with fall-related calls.MEASUREMENTS: Descriptive EMS cell data.RESULTS: Over the 10-year period, 37,324 EMS call data were recorded, with 11% (N=4,084) identified as fall-related calls that occurred for individuals aged 60 and older. Twenty-nine percent (n=685) of individuals who called for a fall called at least one more time within the study period. Time between calls substantially decreased the more frequently an individual called (p<.001). Fifteen percent (n=107) of repeat callers called 5 or more times for falls, and these individuals were transported to the hospital only 21% of the time (vs 75% of first-time callers, p <.001).CONCLUSION: Certain older individuals are at risk of having multiple fall-related calls to EMS over short periods of time, sometimes within hours of previous calls. In our current healthcare system, no significant intervention or follow-up is offered or available by emergency first response teams to prevent subsequent falls. This study demonstrates the need for a paradigm change in our healthcare system that helps reduce resource utilization for the first responder community for fall-related calls in older adults and re-directs those resources to implement nationwide fall-prevention strategies to decrease fall related disability and death.
|
['Accidental Falls', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Databases, Factual', 'Emergency Medical Dispatch', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Independent Living', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 30,019,749
|
[['N06.850.135.122'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['N02.421.297.043'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I03.050.500', 'N01.224.791.550', 'N06.850.505.400.800.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the vertical distribution of denitrifying genes in river sediments].
|
To establish the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and various stages of denitrification under denitrifying conditions in sediments, we examined the impact of PAHs on the vertical distribution of special denitrifying genes. In March of 2011, sediment samples were collected from three representative locations along the Pearl River. The characteristics of vertical distribution of PAHs as well as denitrifying genes in the sediment samples were analyzed. Based on these vertical characteristics, relationships between PAHs and special denitrifying genes (narG, nirS, nosZ and nrfA) were established using the multivariate method. Results of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed a close correlation between high ring PAHs and dissimilatory nitrate reduction. The impact of PAHs on nosZ was the most significant, namely PAHs imposed strong inhibition on the nitrite reduction stage. Except for the nitrite reduction stage, denitrifying bacteria from other stages of denitrification acclimatized themselves to the high ring PAHs. Especially, bacteria containing nrfA may have the potential to anaerobically degrade high ring PAHs. Besides this, the special role of nirS remains to be studied further.
|
['Bacteria, Anaerobic', 'Denitrification', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Nitrates', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons', 'Rivers', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 23,233,993
|
[['B03.130'], ['G02.111.587.250', 'G02.607.560.250', 'G16.500.768.249'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D02.455.426.559.847', 'D04.615'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Identification of antigens reacting with anti-Candida albicans germ tube antibodies.
|
Anti-Candida albicans germ tube antibodies can be induced in rabbits immunized with different C. albicans extracts. Antigens responsible for the induction of those antibodies have molecular weights of approximately 230-250, 62, 43 and 41 kDa. These antigens are present in the cell wall of both C. albicans morphological forms, although their location seems to be different.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Fungal', 'Antigen-Antibody Reactions', 'Antigens, Fungal', 'Blotting, Western', 'Candida albicans', 'Cell Wall', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Epitopes', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Molecular Weight', 'Rabbits']
| 1,383,025
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.179', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.179', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.179'], ['G12.122'], ['D23.050.202'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['B01.300.107.795.095.326', 'B01.300.381.147.326', 'B01.300.930.176.326'], ['A11.284.183'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D23.050.550'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['G02.494'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Enhanced activation of peroxymonosulfte by LaFeO3
|
In this study, the effect of various supports on activation of peroxymonosulfate and consequent degradation of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) in aqueous solutions was examined at the presence of LaFeO3 perovskite as catalyst. Results showed that the AO7 degradation efficiency by LaFeO3 supported on different supports was in an order of LaFeO3/Al2O3 (86.2%) > LaFeO3 (70.8%) > LaFeO3/CeO2 (59.0%) > LaFeO3/SiO2 (52.3%) > LaFeO3/TiO2 (32.2%). Moreover, the pseudo first-order rate constant for AO7 degradation by LaFeO3/Al2O3 was 3.2 times than that by LaFeO3. The enhancement was attributed to its large surface area, abundant chemisorbed surface-active oxygen, redox property and faster electron transfer. AO7 degradation and the leaching of iron ions decreased with the increase of pH. Data of electron spin resonance spectroscopy and quenching experiments revealed that sulfate and hydroxyl radicals were generated on LaFeO3/Al2O3 surface, while sulfate radicals were identified to be the main reactive species responsible for AO7 degradation. Mechanisms for peroxymonosulfate activation were consequently proposed. Furthermore, LaFeO3/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited a superior stability after five cycles. This work provides a new approach for design of iron-based perovskite catalysts with high and stable catalytic activity for removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions.
|
['Aluminum Oxide', 'Azo Compounds', 'Benzenesulfonates', 'Calcium Compounds', 'Catalysis', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Hydroxyl Radical', 'Iron', 'Models, Chemical', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxides', 'Peroxides', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Sulfates', 'Titanium']
| 31,394,447
|
[['D01.056.050', 'D01.650.550.050'], ['D02.172'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.097', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.100'], ['D01.146'], ['G02.130'], ['D27.888.284'], ['D01.045.250.357', 'D01.248.497.158.459.300', 'D01.339.431.249'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750', 'D01.339.431.374', 'D01.650.550.750', 'D02.389.338'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725'], ['D01.248.497.158.845', 'D01.875.800.800.850'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Purification of cobra venom factor from phospholipase A contaminant.
|
It has been demonstrated that cobra venom factor prepared by the usual combination of ion exchange chromatography and sephadex gel filtration is contaminated by substantial amounts of a 'heavy' phospholipase A. The two activities may be separated by isoelectric focusing. Cobra venom factor focuses at pH between 5-75 and 6-75 whereas the phospholipase is all found at pH below 7-75. In certain test systems, particularly in vitro, and particularly where albumin concentrations are low, the contaminating phospholipase may produce effects that have been attributed to complement activation.
|
['Chromatography, Gel', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Hemolysis', 'Isoelectric Focusing', 'Phospholipases', 'Snake Venoms']
| 992,719
|
[['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['C23.550.403', 'G12.122.545'], ['E05.196.401.663', 'E05.301.300.663'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680', 'D08.811.277.352.640.700'], ['D20.888.850', 'D23.946.833.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Class II restorations with a polyacid-modified composite resin in primary molars placed in a dental practice: results of a two-year clinical evaluation.
|
This study evaluated the two-year success rate of a hybrid composite material (TPH-Spectrum; Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) and a polyacid-modified composite resin (Compoglass, Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) in Class II restorations placed in primary molars in a dental practice. In each of 52 children, at least two primary molars were restored. Ninety-six primary molars were filled with TPH-Spectrum using the total-etching technique, and 94 with Compoglass without acid etching prior to application of the bonding adhesive. At baseline, one and two years, the restorations were assessed according to the Ryge criteria. Forty-seven children with a total of 132 fillings (68 TPH-Spectrum, 64 Compoglass) were evaluated after two years. The cumulative success rate after 24 months amounted to 89.2% for the Compoglass and 89.7% for the TPH-Spectrum restorations. No significant differences were observed between the two materials with respect to color matching, cavosurface discoloration, anatomic form, margin integrity and caries assessment. This investigation suggests that for a period of two years, the hybrid composite TPH-Spectrum and the polyacid-modified composite resin Compoglass, are suitable materials for restoration of primary molars.
|
['Acid Etching, Dental', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Color', 'Compomers', 'Composite Resins', 'Dental Bonding', 'Dental Caries', 'Dental Marginal Adaptation', 'Dental Restoration, Permanent', 'Dentin-Bonding Agents', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glass Ionomer Cements', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Molar', 'Surface Properties', 'Survival Analysis', 'Tooth, Deciduous', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,203,828
|
[['E06.931.475.111'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['D05.750.716.822.308.300', 'D25.339.291.150', 'D25.339.816.500.300', 'D25.720.716.822.308.300', 'J01.637.051.339.291.150', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500.300', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308.300'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E06.095'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['E06.323.764', 'E06.658.224', 'E06.780.620'], ['E06.323.428', 'E06.780.346.737', 'E07.695.190.190'], ['D25.339.291.300', 'J01.637.051.339.291.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D25.339.291.402', 'J01.637.051.339.291.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['A14.549.167.860.525'], ['G02.860'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['A14.549.167.860.700'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Molecular clocks reduce plasmid loss rates: the R1 case.
|
Plasmids control their replication so that the replication frequency per plasmid copy responds to the number of plasmid copies per cell. High sensitivity amplification in replication response to copy number deviations generally reduces variation in copy numbers between different single cells, thereby reducing the plasmid loss rate in a cell population. However, experiments show that plasmid R1 has a gradual, insensitive replication control predicting considerable copy number variation between single cells. The critical step in R1 copy number control is regulation of synthesis of a rate-limiting cis-acting replication protein, RepA. De novo synthesis of a large number of RepA molecules is required for replication, suggesting that copy number control is exercised at multiple steps. In this theoretical kinetic study we analyse R1 multistep copy number control and show that it results in the insensitive replication response found experimentally but that it at the same time effectively prohibits the existence of only one plasmid copy in a dividing cell. In combination with the partition system of R1, this can lead to very high segregational stability. The R1 control mechanism is compared to the different multistep copy number control of plasmid ColE1 that is based on conventional sensitivity amplification. This implies that while copy number control for ColE1 efficiently corrects for fluctuations that have already occurred, R1 copy number control prevents their emergence in cells that by chance start their cycle with only one plasmid copy. We also discuss how regular, clock-like, behaviour of single plasmid copies becomes hidden in experiments probing collective properties of a population of plasmid copies because the individual copies are out of phase. The model is formulated using master equations, taking a stochastic approach to regulation, but the mathematical formalism is kept to a minimum and the model is simplified to its bare essence. This simplicity makes it possible to extend the analysis to other replicons with similar design principles.
|
['Bacteriocin Plasmids', 'Biological Clocks', 'Cell Division', 'Chromosome Segregation', 'Colicins', 'Computer Simulation', 'DNA Helicases', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Dimerization', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Dosage', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Genetic', 'Probability', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Proteins', 'R Factors', 'Replicon', 'Stochastic Processes', 'Time Factors', 'Trans-Activators']
| 10,704,315
|
[['G05.360.600.080'], ['G07.180.562.094'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G04.144.220.220.625', 'G05.113.220.625'], ['D12.776.097.200'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.159', 'D08.811.399.340'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.380.350'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D12.776'], ['G05.360.600.600'], ['G05.360.340.024.745'], ['E05.318.740.996', 'G17.830', 'N05.715.360.750.770', 'N06.850.520.830.996'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Do thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins cause non-toxic and toxic multinodular goitre?
|
The prevalence of serum thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (T.S.I.) in a variety of thyroid diseases was determined in 96 patients and 35 normal controls. Significantly elevated levels of T.S.I. were found not only in patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis but also in those with non-toxic and toxic multinodular goitre, whereas patients with a single autonomously functioning thyroid nodule, with subacute thyroiditis, and with "hyperthyroiditis" had levels which did not differ from those in the controls. We postulate that non-toxic multinodular goitre, like Graves' disease, may result from increased circulating T.S.I., which in some cases may be present in sufficient concentration to cause thyrotoxicosis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Goiter, Nodular', 'Graves Disease', 'Humans', 'Hyperthyroidism', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator', 'Middle Aged', 'Thyroiditis', 'Thyroiditis, Autoimmune']
| 76,846
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C19.874.283.501'], ['C11.675.349.500', 'C19.874.283.605', 'C19.874.397.370', 'C20.111.555'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.397'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.480.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393.550', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.480.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393.550', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.480.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C19.874.871'], ['C19.874.871.102', 'C20.111.809']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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