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Force-sensing microprobe for precise stimulation of mechanosensitive tissues.
|
Quantitative study of the transduction mechanisms in mechanically sensitive nerve terminals has been impeded by the lack of instrumentation with which to generate precisely controlled, physically localized mechanical stimuli. We have developed high-resolution force sensing mechanical microprobes for use in the characterization of such nerve terminals. This paper describes their design, fabrication, and testing. A microprobe is comprised of a 0.5- to 2-mm long silicon cantilever beam projecting from a larger supporting silicon substrate. Acting as the variable leg of a Wheatstone bridge circuit, a piezoresistive polysilicon element located at the base of the beam is used to measure the stimulation force applied at the tip. The microprobes exhibit a stable, linear relationship between the stimulation force and the resulting output voltage signal. Stimulation forces up to 3 mN have been generated with a measurement resolution of 10 microN. These microprobes have been used as the force sensing element of a closed loop feedback-controlled stimulation system capable of stimulating the mechanoreceptive nerve terminals of the rabbit corneal epithelium.
|
['Animals', 'Cornea', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Mechanoreceptors', 'Physical Stimulation', 'Rabbits']
| 7,642,187
|
[['B01.050'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['E05.481'], ['A08.675.650.915.750', 'A08.800.950.750', 'A11.671.650.915.750'], ['E05.723'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
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Phosphorylation of hydroxylysine residues in collagen synthesized by cultured aortic smooth muscle cells.
|
O5-Phosphohydroxylysine was chemically synthesized and techniques were established for its identification by combined use of cation-exchange chromatography, thin-layer electrophoresis at pH 1.9 and 3.5, and thin-layer chromatography. Clean separation of phosphohydroxylysine from the other phospho amino acids, phosphoethanolamine, and phosphocholine was achieved. Conditions were also determined to permit hydrolysis of proteins in 2 M HCl without loss of the phosphono group of phosphohydroxylysine residues. Experiments were then performed showing that 32P was incorporated into the hydroxylysine residues of cell-associated collagens when cultured calf aorta medial smooth muscle cells were incubated with [32P]orthophosphate. In other experiments, the cells incorporated [3H]lysine into hydroxylysine residues of cell-associated collagen and then 32P into phosphohydroxylysine residues. The doubly labeled phosphohydroxylysine subsequently isolated showed nearly 1:1 stoichiometry with respect to incorporation of precursor lysine and phosphorus. Finally, in preliminary experiments done with a cell-free extract of the smooth muscle cells, 32P was transferred from [gamma-32P]ATP to hydroxylysine residues in several kinds of collagenous substrates. Thus, this work shows that smooth muscle cells have the capacity to phosphorylate hydroxylysine residues in their cell-associated collagens and provides preliminary evidence that a protein kinase is involved.
|
['Acids', 'Animals', 'Aorta', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Collagen', 'Hydrolysis', 'Hydroxylysine', 'Isoelectric Point', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Kinases', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational']
| 3,858,806
|
[['D01.029'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['G02.380'], ['D12.125.068.555.478', 'D12.125.095.647.478'], ['E05.301.300.663.500', 'G02.300.500'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
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|
Exploratory thoracotomy and its influence on the survival of patients with lung cancer.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate diagnostic procedures, reasons for exploratory thoracotomy (ET), causes of unresectability of lung cancer, possibility for reducing numbers of ETs, and the influence of ET on survival.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1990 and 1999, 1808 patients with lung cancer were operated on. ET was performed in 165 (9.1%) of these cases. In total, 131 ET patients were evaluable for analysis. The clinical stages were: three patients in stage IA, 28 in IB, one in IIA, 35 in IIB, 50 in IIIA, 10 in IIIB (all due to invasion of the mediastinum), and four patients in IV (three with ipsilateral pulmonary and one with solitary suprarenal metastasis). The control group for calculating survival difference consisted of 130 consecutive non-operated patients with comparable characteristics (age, sex, clinical stage, performance status, histology and comorbidity) who were diagnosed during the period 1996-1998.RESULTS: The diagnostic procedure before ET comprised bronchoscopy in all patients, transthoracic needle biopsy in 13, cervical mediastinoscopy in nine, parasternal mediastinotomy in two and thoracoscopy in two, in all patients without proving unresectability. A CT scan was performed in 118 patients indicating resectability in 33%, doubtful resectability in 64% and unresectability in 3%. Clinical and surgical staging were equal in 3% of stage IIB patients, in 24% of stage IIIA, 100% of stage IIIB and 75% of patients in stage IV. The 30-day operative mortality was 4.6%. The reasons for ET were: diagnosis of preoperatively unverified tumor in one patient, necessity for pneumonectomy in the case of poor pulmonary function in 11 patients, and unresectability in 119 (due to invasion of the mediastinum in 98 patients, thoracic wall in three and vertebral body in one, and due to pleural metastases in 17 patients). ET could have been avoided in 15 (11%) patients. The median survival for both ET and control group patients was 11.1 months. The survival difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.420).CONCLUSION: ET could be partly avoided through a more accurate preoperative staging procedure. It does not appear possible to avoid ET in patients with limited pulmonary reserve precluding a resection larger than that predicted, nor to avoid ET as a consequence of intraoperative complications. Despite operative mortality, ET did not significantly influence the survival rate in the present study.
|
['Adrenal Gland Neoplasms', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Radiography, Thoracic', 'Survival Analysis', 'Thoracotomy', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 16,957,979
|
[['C04.588.322.078', 'C19.053.347', 'C19.344.078'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.370.350.700.730'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E04.928.760'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
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Choline alkylsulfates--new promising green surfactants.
|
In this work we show how a new promising green and highly water-soluble surfactant can be designed based on recent progress in the knowledge of counterion-headgroup binding and crystallization behavior. The result is the combination of a most classical surfactant anion, dodecylsulfate (DS), with choline (Ch), a natural green cation. The advantage of the physiological metabolite choline is its bulky structure that prevents ChDS from easy crystallization and thus leads to a considerable lowering of the Krafft point down to 0°C. The counterion-headgroup binding is reflected by the aqueous phase behavior of ChDS. Conductivity, surface tension, and cryo-TEM measurements allow the characterization of the dilute micellar region, while the penetration scan technique enables the establishment of a preliminary aqueous phase diagram. In addition, the influence of different mono- and divalent salts on the solubility of ChDS is investigated. The results are compared to the alkali sulfate and alkylcarboxylate homologs, and reveal that ChDS is less sensitive towards addition of salts than, for instance, choline carboxylates due to an increased counterion-headgroup association. Further, cytotoxicity tests on HeLa and SK-Mel 28 cells are presented and compared to other surfactants, showing that ChDS is no more harmful than its sodium counterpart SDS. Taken together, our findings highlight that the harmless green cation choline is of great potential for the design of new surfactants.
|
['Alkanesulfonic Acids', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Choline', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Surface-Active Agents']
| 23,200,100
|
[['D02.455.326.146.100', 'D02.886.645.600.055'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D02.033.100.291.211', 'D02.092.063.291.211', 'D02.092.877.883.333', 'D02.675.276.232'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D27.720.877']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
IFN-alpha/beta signaling is required for polarization of cytokine responses toward a protective type 1 pattern during experimental cryptococcosis.
|
The antiviral activities of type I IFNs have long been established. However, comparatively little is known of their role in defenses against nonviral pathogens. We examined here the effects of type I IFNs on host resistance against the model pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. After intratracheal or i.v. challenge with this fungus, most mice lacking either the IFN-alpha/beta receptor (IFN-alpha/betaR) or IFN-beta died from unrestrained pneumonia and encephalitis, while all wild-type controls survived. The pulmonary immune response of IFN-alpha/betaR-/- mice was characterized by increased expression of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10, decreased expression of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, inducible NO synthetase, and CXCL10, and similar levels of IL-12 mRNA, compared with wild-type controls. Histopathological analysis showed eosinophilic infiltrates in the lungs of IFN-alpha/betaR-/- mice, although this change was less extensive than that observed in similarly infected IFN-gammaR-deficient animals. Type I IFN responses could not be detected in the lung after intratracheal challenge. However, small, but statistically significant, elevations in IFN-beta levels were measured in the supernatants of bone marrow-derived macrophages or dendritic cells infected with C. neoformans. Our data demonstrate that type I IFN signaling is required for polarization of cytokine responses toward a protective type I pattern during cryptococcal infection.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cryptococcosis', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Interferon-beta', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta', 'Signal Transduction', 'Survival Rate']
| 18,566,423
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['C01.150.703.248'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.275', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.275', 'D23.529.374.440.890.275'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.400.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
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[Portable antiquities: transporation, ruins, and communications in nineteenth-century archeology].
|
The article addresses an issue in nineteenth-century archeology: the transformation of ancient American ruins into scientific evidence. It focuses specifically on the case of Palenque, a city discovered in the jungle in the late eighteenth century. The archeological exploration of this find, which occurred shortly after Central American and Mexican independence, entailed efforts to make these ruins portable. The article analyzes some of the means devised and used in their transportation.
|
['Americas', 'Archaeology', 'History, 19th Century', 'Mexico']
| 19,241,715
|
[['Z01.107'], ['I01.076.201.208'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['Z01.107.567.589']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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|
Extracorporeal Transseptal Penile Prosthesis Implantation for Extreme Cases of Corporeal Fibrosis: Shaeer Implantation Technique.
|
BACKGROUND: Penile prosthesis implantation into scarred corporeal bodies is one of the most challenging procedures in prosthetic urologic surgery, especially following infection and extrusion of a penile implant. Several instruments and techniques have been used for making dilatation of scarred corporeal bodies easier and safer in expert hands. Nevertheless, in some cases, implantation is not possible.AIM: This work presents extracorporeal transseptal implantation as a last resort in such cases.METHODS: In 39 patients with extensive corporeal fibrosis, penile prosthesis implantation is attempted. After failure of alternative techniques, extracorporeal implantation is resorted to in 10 patients. The corpus spongiosum is identified and protected. Diathermy knife is used to cut a longitudinal window into 1 corpus cavernosum, through the septum and into the contralateral corpus cavernosum. A single semirigid implant rod is inserted through the window at the base of the penis, halfway through. The 2 limbs of the rod are bent upward toward the glans, to assume a U shape. The limbs of the U are brought together at midshaft by a gathering suture passed through the corpora cavernosa and septum. The tips of the U are anchored under the glans.OUTCOMES: Achievement of acceptable coital relationship.RESULTS: The procedure allowed acceptable coital relationship and concealment in 9/10 cases. In 1 case, infection occurred. Reimplantation with the same method was performed 6 months later, and the implant survived adequately. Perforation, migration, and urethral injury were not encountered.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This technique may help salvage abandoned cases with corporal fibrosis, particularly when the necessary expertise for alternative techniques is unavailable or when such techniques fail.STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS: The technique presented is fairly straightforward and safe. However, the number of cases and duration of follow-up are limited.CONCLUSION: Extracorporeal transseptal penile prosthesis implantation can salvage cases with severe corporeal fibrosis when all alternatives fail. Shaeer O, Shaeer K. Extracorporeal Transseptal Penile Prosthesis Implantation for Extreme Cases of Corporeal Fibrosis: Shaeer Implantation Technique. J Sex Med 2018;15:1350-1356.
|
['Adult', 'Fibrosis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Penile Implantation', 'Penile Prosthesis', 'Penis', 'Salvage Therapy']
| 30,057,279
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.650.620', 'E04.950.774.860.620'], ['E07.695.610'], ['A05.360.444.492'], ['E02.895']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
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| 1
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|
Identification of an encystation-specific transcription factor, Myb protein in Giardia lamblia.
|
The life cycle of Giardia lamblia contains two differentiation processes, encystation and excystation. We performed an experiment to identify the genes induced during encystation using the differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Three of twelve isolated cDNA clones that showed increased transcription during encystation were identified to be of the myb2, which encodes a well-known transcriptional factor involved in cellular development and differentiation. The amino acid sequences of the Myb2 protein deduced from the isolated gene revealed that this Myb2 has a DNA binding domain comprising two imperfect repeats at its carboxyl-terminus. The nuclear localization of Myb2 protein during encystation was observed in vivo by expressing a Myb2-GFP fusion protein. In a random site selection experiment, the oligonucleotides bound by rMyb2 contained a conserved sequence of GTTT(G/T)(G/T). Two promoters of the encystation-induced genes, myb2, and cwp1, were also found to bind to rMyb2, whereas gap1, one of the constitutive genes did not.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Giardia lamblia', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'RNA, Protozoan', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Trans-Activators']
| 12,742,583
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['B01.237.385.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.820'], ['D13.444.735.650'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
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| 1
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Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis as a complication of long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in Korea.
|
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is a rare yet serious complication in patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Incidence and prevalence of this syndrome have been defined in some large populations and a few single-centre experiences, but there is no satisfactory estimate of the comparative incidence of dialysis related SEP. The pathogenesis of SEP still remains uncertain, but there could be various causative factors. The diagnosis of SEP remains based on clinical suspicion confirmed with radiologic and/or pathologic findings. The possible variable etiologies and probable distinct pathways leading to this syndrome may make a uniform therapeutic approach unlikely. To determine the prevalence, etiologic factors, clinical features, effect of dialysis duration, and outcome of SEP in Korea, patients undergoing CAPD who developed SEP were retrospectively studied in five University Hospital dialysis centres with large numbers of CAPD patients in Korea. Out of a total 3888 CAPD studied patients between January 1981 to December 2002 in those five medical centres, 31 cases developed SEP with the overall prevalence 0.8%. There were 15 men and 16 women. The mean age of these patients was 44.0 +/- 9.8 years old. The mean duration of CAPD before SEP was 70.3 +/- 41.9 months (range 9-144 months) and 67.8% of patients (21/31) had been on CAPD more than 4 years. Peritonitis, including one fungal peritonitis, was the main cause of SEP in 25 cases (80.6%). Seventy percent of these cases used beta-blocker and the mean duration of the usage was 61.7 +/- 47.6 months. Seven cases were surgically treated and others were treated conservatively with intermittent total parenteral nutrition. The mortality rate was 25.8%. In conclusion, SEP is a serious life threatening complication of CAPD, and most cases had long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) duration more than 4 years. To reduce the incidence of SEP, careful monitoring may be needed especially in patients with long-term CAPD and peritonitis.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Korea', 'Male', 'Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory', 'Peritonitis', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Sclerosis']
| 15,012,689
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.252.474.557', 'Z01.586.407'], ['E02.760.106.500', 'E02.870.300.650.500', 'E02.912.800.650.500', 'N02.421.585.106.500'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C23.550.823']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
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|
[Role of ABCB1 and ABCG2 in the multidrug resistance of hypopharyngeal carcinoma FaDu cell line].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of multidrug resistance gene ABCB1 and ABCG2 in FaDu cells (human hypopharyngeal carcinoma cell line) and the multidrug resistance (MDR) cell lines FaDu/T transformed from FaDu cells by taxol and underlying mechanisms of MDR.METHODS: The multidrug resistance sensitivities of FaDu and FaDu/T to cisplatin (DDP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), doxorubicin (Dox), and vincristine (VCR) were examined by methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of multidrug resistance genes ABCB1 and ABCG2 were analysed with RT-PCR, Western blot and laser confocal microscopy. JNK signal proteins were detected through Western blot.RESULTS: The multidrug resistance of FaDu/T cells to Taxol, DDP, 5-FU, ADM and VCR was more than that of FaDu cells. The expression of ABCB1 in FaDu/T cells was significantly higher than that in FaDu cells (t = 22.42, P < 0.05), but the expression of ABCG2 in FaDu/T cells was significantly lower than that in FaDu cells (t = 10.06, P < 0.05). JNK signal was inhibited in FaDu or FaDu/T cells and the inhibited JNK was reactivated by taxol or anisomycin (an activator for MAPK signal transduction pathways). Anisomycin down-regulated the expression of ABCB1 (F = 33.72, P < 0.05) and up-regulated the expression of ABCG2 (F = 220.16, P < 0.05) in FaDu/T cells, but not in FaDu/T cells pretreated by JNK inhibitor SP600125 (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: The overexpression of ABCB1 and the down-regulation of ABCG2 in FaDu/T cells were the main features of MDR in hypopharyngeal carcinomas, in which JNK signal transduction pathways could play an important role.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B', 'ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2', 'ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Humans', 'Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms']
| 22,800,348
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250'], ['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['D12.776.157.530.100.075.250', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.250', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.305', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.305', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.250', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.250'], ['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G07.690.773.984.300'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.485', 'C07.550.745.436', 'C09.647.710.485', 'C09.775.549.485']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
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| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dizepam metabolism in human foetal and adult liver.
|
Diazepam was metabolized by human foetal liver microsomes to N-desmethyldiazepam and N-methyloxazepam as early as the 13th week of gestation. The metabolic activity was lower than that of microsomes from adult human liver. Diazepam was shown mainly to be hydroxylated to N-methyloxazepam at substrate concentrations higher than 0.1 mM. Diazepam levels above 1.0 mM were inhibitory to the overall metabolic reaction. SKF 525-A inhibited diazepam metabolism by foetal liver microsomes at a concentration of 0.1 mM. The addition of diazepam to foetal and adult human liver microsomes resulted in a type II spectral change. Its inhibition by carbon monoxide indicated that biotransformation of diazepam was performed by the cytochrome P-450-linked mono-oxygenase system.
|
['Aging', 'Carbon Monoxide', 'Dealkylation', 'Depression, Chemical', 'Diazepam', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Hydroxylation', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Liver', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Pregnancy', 'Proadifen', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Time Factors']
| 832,657
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['D01.200.250', 'D01.362.200', 'D01.650.550.250'], ['G02.111.188', 'G02.607.141', 'G03.219'], ['G07.690.773.750'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['A16.378'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.385', 'G02.607.348', 'G03.425'], ['E05.481'], ['A03.620'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D02.241.081.944.550'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Oncological outcome after radical prostatectomy: Marital status does not make a difference.
|
OBJECTIVES: To examine the impact of marital status on prostate cancer characteristics at radical prostatectomy and oncological outcome after surgery at a high-volume center.METHODS: We relied on the Martini-Clinic Prostate Cancer database and investigated 8088 prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy between January 2000 and March 2011. We analyzed differences in clinical and pathological characteristics according to marital status (married and partnership vs single). Additionally, we relied on multivariable Cox regression analyses to predict biochemical recurrence, metastases and death after radical prostatectomy. Finally, Kaplan-Meier analyses were used in a propensity score-matched cohort, adjusted for clinical and pathological characteristics, to examine differences in biochemical recurrence-free, metastases-free and overall survival according to marital status.RESULTS: According to marital status, no significant differences were recorded within clinical and pathological characteristics (all P > 0.05). The impact of marital status on biochemical recurrence (hazard ratio 1.0, 95% confidence interval 0.9-1.3, P = 0.7), metastases (hazard ratio 1.3, 95% confidence interval 0.8-2.1, P = 0.3) and death (hazard ratio 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.4-1.6, P = 0.6) after radical prostatectomy was not significant (median follow up 48 months). Kaplan-Meier analyses recorded no significant differences for biochemical recurrence-free, metastases-free and overall survival (all log-rank P > 0.05) according to marital status.CONCLUSIONS: Marital status does not affect the clinical and pathological characteristics of radical prostatectomy patients treated at a high-volume center. Furthermore, marital status does not affect biochemical recurrence-free and metastases-free survival after radical prostatectomy.
|
['Humans', 'Male', 'Marital Status', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Propensity Score', 'Prostate', 'Prostatectomy', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Regression Analysis', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 25,781,055
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.315.500', 'I01.240.361.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500', 'N01.224.361.500', 'N01.824.308.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E05.318.740.600.675', 'N05.715.360.750.625.620', 'N06.850.520.830.600.650'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['E04.950.774.860.625'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Unconventional EGF-induced ERK1/2-mediated Kv1.3 endocytosis.
|
The potassium channel Kv1.3 plays roles in immunity, neuronal development and sensory discrimination. Regulation of Kv1.3 by kinase signaling has been studied. In this context, EGF binds to specific receptors (EGFR) and triggers tyrosine kinase-dependent signaling, which down-regulates Kv1.3 currents. We show that Kv1.3 undergoes EGF-dependent endocytosis. This EGF-mediated mechanism is relevant because is involved in adult neural stem cell fate determination. We demonstrated that changes in Kv1.3 subcellular distribution upon EGFR activation were due to Kv1.3 clathrin-dependent endocytosis, which targets the Kv1.3 channels to the lysosomal degradative pathway. Interestingly, our results further revealed that relevant tyrosines and other interacting motifs, such as PDZ and SH3 domains, were not involved in the EGF-dependent Kv1.3 internalization. However, a new, and yet undescribed mechanism, of ERK1/2-mediated threonine phosphorylation is crucial for the EGF-mediated Kv1.3 endocytosis. Our results demonstrate that EGF triggers the down-regulation of Kv1.3 activity and its expression at the cell surface, which is important for the development and migration of adult neural progenitors.
|
['Animals', 'Butadienes', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Clathrin', 'Down-Regulation', 'Dynamin II', 'Endocytosis', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'ErbB Receptors', 'HEK293 Cells', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Kv1.3 Potassium Channel', 'Lateral Ventricles', 'Mice', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Neural Stem Cells', 'Nitriles', 'Phosphorylation', 'RNA Interference', 'Signal Transduction']
| 26,542,799
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.146.240'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.543.990.200'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.200.200', 'D12.776.220.600.450.200.200', 'D12.776.543.990.400.200'], ['G04.417'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.500.217', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.124.358', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.624.217'], ['A08.186.211.140.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.500', 'D12.644.360.450.169.500', 'D12.776.476.450.169.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.750', 'D12.644.360.450.169.750', 'D12.776.476.450.169.750'], ['A11.872.653'], ['D02.626'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Blur adaptation: contrast sensitivity changes and stimulus extent.
|
A prolonged exposure to foveal defocus is well known to affect the visual functions in the fovea. However, the effects of peripheral blur adaptation on foveal vision, or vice versa, are still unclear. In this study, we therefore examined the changes in contrast sensitivity function from baseline, following blur adaptation to small as well as laterally extended stimuli in four subjects. The small field stimulus (7.5° visual field) was a 30min video of forest scenery projected on a screen and the large field stimulus consisted of 7-tiles of the 7.5° stimulus stacked horizontally. Both stimuli were used for adaptation with optical blur (+2.00D trial lens) as well as for clear control conditions. After small field blur adaptation foveal contrast sensitivity improved in the mid spatial frequency region. However, these changes neither spread to the periphery nor occurred for the large field blur adaptation. To conclude, visual performance after adaptation is dependent on the lateral extent of the adaptation stimulus.
|
['Adaptation, Ocular', 'Adult', 'Contrast Sensitivity', 'Female', 'Fovea Centralis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Myopia', 'Psychophysics', 'Sensory Thresholds', 'Visual Fields', 'Young Adult']
| 25,817,716
|
[['G14.020'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.380.850.950.500', 'F02.463.593.778.435.110', 'F02.463.593.932.281', 'F02.463.593.932.901.500', 'G14.940.500'], ['A09.371.729.522.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C11.744.636'], ['E01.370.685', 'F04.096.753'], ['F02.463.593.710'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Increased expression of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in the lungs of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
|
We examined the immunohistochemical distribution of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11 beta-HSD2), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of bioactive glucocorticoids to their receptor-inactive forms, in lung tissue obtained at autopsy from 14 patients who had died due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We found positive immunoreactivity for 11 beta-HSD2 in 13 cases. The cells expressing 11 beta-HSD2 in the alveolar wall were positive for surfactant apoprotein-A as well as cytokeratin. Immunoreactivity for 11 beta-HSD2 was also detected in the CD68+ cells, which were found in the alveolar spaces. All patients had been treated with glucocorticoids for ARDS and/or the underlying diseases. There was no statistically significant correlation between the use of glucocorticoids and 11 beta-HSD2 immunoreactivity in the alveolar wall (P = 0.0729). However, expression of grade + + was found in three out of five patients who received dexamethasone pulse therapy at relatively large doses, as well as in three other patients treated with prednisolone for a long period of time for the underlying disease. An increase in the expression of 11 beta-HSD2 may result in faster glucocorticoid breakdown in lung cells in patients with ARDS. Impaired glucocorticoid availability in the lungs of such patients may explain, in part, the fact that glucocorticoid therapy does not always rescue patients with ARDS.
|
['11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Autopsy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome']
| 14,629,298
|
[['D08.811.682.047.436.174.600', 'D08.811.682.047.820.100.600'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A04.411'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08.381.840', 'C08.618.840']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Mourning the body as bedrock: developmental considerations in treating transsexual patients analytically.
|
This paper introduces the concept of massive gender trauma, a clinical syndrome arising at the onerous intersection of the misgendering of transgender patients and the subjective, anguished experience of the natal body. Analysts have become increasingly aware in recent years of the complex interactions between psyche, soma, and culture. Consequently, the field is increasingly hospitable to considering the psychic risks inherent in misgendering. However, patients' body dysphoria is often left unaddressed even by analysts who seek to work within their analysands' gendered experience. Through a detailed, in-depth account of work with a five-year-old trans girl (female-identified, male-bodied), the developmental implications of the natal body's not becoming sufficiently mentalized in the course of treatment are tracked and explored. Attention to unconscious fantasy and its transformations shows the importance of helping transgender patients whose bodies are a source of suffering to be able to psychically represent their pain as a critical step in the process of a psychologically healthy transition.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Grief', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Psychoanalytic Therapy', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Transsexualism']
| 25,277,869
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.470.142.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.754.709'], ['F01.145.802'], ['F01.145.802.975.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
De Novo incontinentia pigmenti in female twins.
|
The cutaneous lesions of incontinentia pigmenti classically evolve in stages, beginning with erythematous vesicular rash and bullae, followed by verrucose lesions, with an eventual macular pattern of splashed or whorled hyperpigmentation. We describe female twins presenting with the classic form of cutaneous expression. Ophthalmologic examination revealed abnormal vascular proliferations in the peripheral retinas in twin B. Several studies have confirmed linkage of familial incontinentia pigmenti to chromosome Xq28, with the factor VIII gene in Xq28 identified as the locus for incontinentia pigmenti. Two-hundred kilobases proximal to this locus, the gene for NEMO (NF-kappaB essential modulator)/IKKgamma (I kappaB kinase-gamma) has been mapped. We describe herein female twins with incontinentia pigmenti caused by a de novo mutation of this locus, as demonstrated by diagnostic polymerase chain reaction.
|
['Carrier Proteins', 'Female', 'Genetic Diseases, X-Linked', 'Humans', 'I-kappa B Kinase', 'Incontinentia Pigmenti', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Pedigree', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Twins']
| 15,493,740
|
[['D12.776.157'], ['C16.320.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.494', 'D12.644.360.361', 'D12.776.476.378'], ['C16.131.077.445', 'C16.131.831.580', 'C16.320.850.420', 'C17.800.621.497', 'C17.800.804.580', 'C17.800.827.420'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.673'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['M01.438.873']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Kinetic peculiarities of human tissue kallikrein: 1--substrate activation in the catalyzed hydrolysis of H-D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-arginine 4-nitroanilide and H-D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-lysine 4-nitroanilide; 2--substrate inhibition in the catalyzed hydrolysis of N alpha-p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester.
|
Hydrolysis of D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-lysine 4-nitroanilide (1), D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-arginine 4-nitroanilide (2), and N alpha-p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (3) by human tissue kallikrein was studied throughout a wide range of substrate concentrations. At low substrate concentrations, the hydrolysis followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics but, at higher substrate concentrations, a deviation from Michaelis-Menten behavior was observed. With the nitroanilides, a significant increase in hydrolysis rates was observed, while with the ester, a significant decrease in hydrolysis rates was observed. The results for substrates (1) and (3) can be accounted for by a model based on the hypothesis that a second substrate molecule binds to the ES complex to produce a more active or an inactive SES complex. The deviation observed for substrate (2) can be explained as a bimolecular reaction between the enzyme-substrate complex and a free substrate molecule.
|
['Catalysis', 'Chromogenic Compounds', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Kallikreins', 'Kinetics', 'Models, Chemical', 'Oligopeptides', 'Protein Binding', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Tosylarginine Methyl Ester']
| 11,913,965
|
[['G02.130'], ['D27.720.233.174', 'D27.720.470.410.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.380'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442', 'D12.776.124.125.597', 'D23.119.597'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D12.644.456'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.835'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.832.670', 'D02.886.590.887.570', 'D12.125.068.050.900', 'D12.125.095.104.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mathematical modeling of ultradeep sequencing data reveals that acute CD8+ T-lymphocyte responses exert strong selective pressure in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques but still fail to clear founder epitope sequences.
|
The prominent role of antiviral cytotoxic CD8(+) T-lymphocytes (CD8-TL) in containing the acute viremia of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and SIV) has rationalized the development of T-cell-based vaccines. However, the presence of escape mutations in the acute stage of infection has raised a concern that accelerated escape from vaccine-induced CD8-TL responses might undermine vaccine efficacy. We reanalyzed previously published data of 101,822 viral genomes of three CD8-TL epitopes, Nef(103-111)RM9 (RM9), Tat(28-35)SL8 (SL8), and Gag(181-189)CM9 (CM9), sampled by ultradeep pyrosequencing from eight macaques. Multiple epitope variants appeared during the resolution of acute viremia, followed by the predominance of a single mutant epitope. By fitting a mathematical model, we estimated the first acute escape rate as 0.36 day(-1) within escape-prone epitopes, RM9 and SL8, and the chronic escape rate as 0.014 day(-1) within the CM9 epitope. Our estimate of SIV acute escape rates was found to be comparable to very early HIV-1 escape rates. The timing of the first escape was more highly correlated with the timing of the peak CD8-TL response than with the magnitude of the CD8-TL response. The transmitted epitope decayed more than 400 times faster during the acute viral decline stage than predicted by a neutral evolution model. However, the founder epitope persisted as a minor population even at the viral set point; in contrast, the majority of acute escape epitopes were completely cleared. Our results suggest that a reservoir of SIV infection is preferentially formed by virus with the transmitted epitope.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Antigens, Viral', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Epitopes', 'Founder Effect', 'Immune Evasion', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Macaca', 'Models, Immunological', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Simian Immunodeficiency Virus']
| 20,335,256
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['D23.050.327'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['D23.050.550'], ['G05.285'], ['G06.462.400', 'G12.413', 'G16.527.200.700'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510'], ['E05.599.395.500'], ['E05.599'], ['C01.925.782.815.616.850', 'C01.925.839.850', 'C22.735.500.850'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.800', 'B04.820.650.805.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Modeling radon entry into Florida slab-on-grade houses.
|
Radon entry into a Florida house whose concrete slab is supported by a permeable concrete-block stem wall and a concrete footer is modeled. The slab rests on backfill material; the same material is used to fill the footer trench. A region of undisturbed soil is assumed to extend 10 m beyond and below the footer. The soil is assumed homogeneous and isotropic except for certain simulations in which soil layers of high permeability or radium content are introduced. Depressurization of the house induces a pressure field in the soil and backfill. The Laplace equation, resulting from Darcy's law and the continuity equation, is solved using a steady-state finite-difference model to determine this field. The mass-transport equation is then solved to obtain the diffusive and advective radon entry rates through the slab; the permeable stem wall; gaps at the intersections of the slab, stem wall, and footer; and gaps in the slab. These rates are determined for variable soil, backfill, and stem-wall permeability and radium content, slab-opening width and position, slab and stem-wall diffusivity, and water table depth. The variations in soil permeability and radium content include cases of horizontally stratified soil. We also consider the effect of a gap between the edge of the slab and the stem wall that restricts the passage of soil gas from the stem wall into the house. Calculations indicate that the total radon entry rate is relatively low unless the soil or backfill permeability or radium content is high. Variations in most of the factors, other than the soil permeability and radium content, have only a small effect on the total radon entry rate. However, for a fixed soil permeability, the total radon entry rate may be reduced by a factor of 2 or more by decreasing the backfill permeability, by making the stem wall impermeable and gap-free, (possibly by constructing a one-piece slab/stem-wall/footer), or by increasing the pressure in the interior of the stem wall (by ensuring that there is a large pressure drop across the slab/stem-wall gap), thereby reducing radon entry into the wall from the soil. Use of an impermeable stem wall and a low-permeability fill in combination is predicted to reduce the radon entry rate by 71%.
|
['Air Pollution, Indoor', 'Air Pollution, Radioactive', 'Architecture', 'Florida', 'Housing', 'Humans', 'Models, Structural', 'Radon']
| 8,376,117
|
[['N06.850.460.100.080'], ['N06.850.460.100.110', 'N06.850.810.080'], ['J01.086'], ['Z01.107.567.875.750.350'], ['J03.340', 'N01.224.791.400', 'N06.230.150.360', 'N06.850.505.400.800.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.897.280.500.545', 'L01.178.820.090.545'], ['D01.268.271.800', 'D01.268.613.700', 'D01.362.641.745', 'D01.496.749.305.800']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Discovery of novel acetanilide derivatives as potent and selective beta3-adrenergic receptor agonists.
|
In the search for potent and selective human beta3-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists as potential drugs for the treatment of obesity and noninsulin-dependent (type II) diabetes, a novel series of acetanilide-based analogues were prepared and their biological activities were evaluated at the human beta3-, beta2-, and beta1-ARs. Among these compounds, 2-pyridylacetanilide (2f), pyrimidin-2-ylacetanilide (2u), and pyrazin-2-ylacetanilide (2v) derivatives exhibited potent agonistic activity at the beta3-AR with functional selectivity over the beta1- and beta2-ARs. In particular, compound 2u was found to be the most potent and selective beta3-AR agonist with an EC(50) value of 0.11 microM and no agonistic activity for either the beta1- or beta2-AR. In addition, 2f, 2u, and 2v showed significant hypoglycemic activity in a rodent diabetic model.
|
['Acetanilides', 'Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists', 'Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists', 'Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Design', 'Humans', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Pyrazines', 'Pyridines', 'Pyrimidines', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 19,232,786
|
[['D02.065.199.092', 'D02.092.146.113.092'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.100.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.200.100'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.100.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.200.200'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.100.200.300', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.200.300'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D03.383.679'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D03.383.742'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The absence of interference between GSM mobile telephones and implantable defibrillators: an in-vivo study. Groupe Syst?mes Mobiles].
|
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The electromagnetic field created by mobile telephones can cause pacemaker dysfunction. Although implantable cardioverter defibrillators are also susceptible to electromagnetic interference, few studies have addressed this issue and compatibility with the GSM mode has not been tested. This study was developed to detect possible "in vivo" interference between GSM mobile telephones and implantable cardioverter defibrillators.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group is composed of 30 patients with 8 different models of defibrillators. Twenty six had endocardial leads and 4 epicardial. Three GSM mobile phones were used: Siemens S3 COM and Motorola 6200 in all cases and Ericsson GA 318 in one. The tests were performed under continuous electrocardiographic monitoring. All therapies were deactivated and sensitivities were set to maximal parameters. The telephones were positioned in close contact to the defibrillator can and precordium, in two different angles. Three situations were evaluated: calling, established contact for 15 seconds and ringing. The protocol was repeated during pacing to assess the possibility of pacemaker mode inhibition.RESULTS: No cases of electromagnetic interference were observed. One patient presented non-sustained ventricular tachycardia episodes during the tests that were detected by the defibrillator.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that electromagnetic interference by GSM mobile phones are not a probable cause of implantable defibrillators dysfunction.
|
['Defibrillators, Implantable', 'Electrocardiography', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure', 'Humans', 'Risk Factors', 'Telephone']
| 9,417,561
|
[['E07.305.250.159.175', 'E07.305.250.319.175', 'E07.695.202.175'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['L01.178.847.698']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Identification of heat stable protease of Klebsiella oxytoca isolated from raw milk.
|
AIMS: The aim of this study was to identify and characterize heat stable proteinases of psychrotrophic proteolytic bacteria isolated from raw milk.METHODS AND RESULTS: A strain of Klebsiella oxytoca producing a high proteolytic activity when cultured on milk was isolated. Maximum proteolytic activity was observed at the stationary phase during growth on milk or casein-peptone broth. The bacterium demonstrated the capability to grow at 7 degrees C, classified as psychrotrophic. The crude enzyme showed optimum activity at 37 degrees C, and pH 5.0 and 7.0. The proteinase was very resistant to heat, maintaining 74% of initial activity after incubation at 142 degrees C.CONCLUSIONS: A heat stable protease of a psychrotrophic strain of K. oxytoca was identified and partially characterized.SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Thermal stable proteases may constitute a serious problem to ultra-high temperature (UHT) processed milk, leading to undesirable physical and sensory alterations.
|
['Animals', 'Enzyme Stability', 'Food Microbiology', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Klebsiella oxytoca', 'Milk', 'Peptide Hydrolases', 'Temperature']
| 14,746,547
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.916.360', 'G02.111.700.500'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['G02.300'], ['B03.440.450.425.425.580', 'B03.660.250.150.400.580'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['D08.811.277.656'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of Composer and ORCHESTRAR.
|
Although the number of known protein structures is increasing, the number of protein sequences without determined structures is still much larger. Three-dimensional (3D) protein structure information helps in the understanding of functional mechanisms, but solving structures by X-ray crystallography or NMR is often a lengthy and difficult process. A relatively fast way of determining a protein's 3D structure is to construct a computer model using homologous sequence and structure information. Much work has gone into algorithms that comprise the ORCHESTRAR homology modeling program in the SYBYL software package. This novel homology modeling tool combines algorithms for modeling conserved cores, variable regions, and side chains. The paradigm of using existing knowledge from multiple templates and the underlying protein environment knowledgebase is used in all of these algorithms, and will become even more powerful as the number of experimentally derived protein structures increases. To determine how ORCHESTRAR compares to Composer (a broadly used, but an older tool), homology models of 18 proteins were constructed using each program so that a detailed comparison of each step in the modeling process could be carried out. Proteins modeled include kinases, dihydrofolate reductase, HIV protease, and factor Xa. In almost all cases ORCHESTRAR produces models with lower root-mean-squared deviation (RMSD) values when compared with structures determined by X-ray crystallography or NMR. Moreover, ORCHESTRAR produced a homology model for three target sequences where Composer failed to produce any. Data for RMSD comparisons between structurally conserved cores, structurally variable regions, side-chain conformations are presented, as well as analyses of active site and protein-protein interface configurations.
|
['Algorithms', 'Computer Simulation', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Conformation', 'Proteins', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Software', 'Structural Homology, Protein']
| 18,361,454
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.776'], ['E05.393.751'], ['L01.224.900'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.805', 'G02.111.810.200.820', 'G05.820']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serum anti-tropo:anti-alpha-elastin antibody ratio assessing elastin turnover in scleroderma.
|
Serum antibodies to native (tropo) and denatured (alpha) elastins appear to correlate with the production and breakdown respectively of elastic tissue. Elastin may be degraded as a part of autoimmune diseases. This possibility was tested by measuring IgG antibodies to tropo- and alpha-elastins by ELISA in the sera of 111 patients with a variety of connective tissue diseases compared with 18 healthy individuals. Anti-alpha-elastin antibodies were significantly higher in sera from 18 scleroderma patients than from healthy controls (p less than 0.008). Conversely, anti-tropoelastin antibody levels for scleroderma patients (p less than 0.03) and for patients with a variety of other connective tissue diseases (p less than 0.02) were lower than in healthy controls. Low antibody levels to native elastin and high levels of antibodies to denatured elastin suggest a low synthesis: degradation ratio for elastin in scleroderma. Scleroderma may be a unique model for elastin turnover because of its heretofore unrecognized accelerated elastolysis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antibodies', 'Connective Tissue Diseases', 'Elastin', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Middle Aged', 'Scleroderma, Systemic', 'Tropoelastin']
| 1,617,894
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['C17.300'], ['D05.750.078.421', 'D12.776.860.300.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C17.300.799', 'C17.800.784'], ['D12.776.811.850', 'D12.776.860.300.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Reduced colonization of newborns with group B streptococci following washing of the birth canal with chlorhexidine.
|
Possible measures for prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal (GBS) septicemia include active or passiv immunoprophylaxis and administration of penicillin to mothers and infants. In a previous study we have found GBS to be extremely sensitive to chlorhexidine. Furthermore vaginal washing with chlorhexidine diminished the recovery of GBS from parturients. In order to study the effect of chlorhexidine washing upon the colonization of newborns, a study group of chronic GBS carriers, i.e. women who were GBS positive in the 32-36 gestational week as well as during labor was selected. In 18 of these females chlorhexidine washing was performed prior to delivery while 33 chronic carriers served as controls. Screening during labor was performed in 945 consecutive patients. Cultures were collected from the external ear, throat and umbilicus of all infants within 5 minutes of birth and at day 4 of life. At birth 22% of the infants of the chlorhexidine washed mothers were colonized with GBS, in contrast to 52% of the infants from the chronic GBS carriers (p less than 0.05). The proportion of infants harboring GBS at day 4 were similar in the two groups (Tab. I). Among the 945 consecutively screened women, 164 harbored GBS and 54 (33%) of their 164 infants were colonized at birth. The colonization rate of the infants from chronic GBS carriers was significantly higher, 17 of 33 infants (p less than 0.05). This may reflect that the risk of contracting GBS by infants increases with the quantity of GBS in the birth channel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Cervix Uteri', 'Chlorhexidine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Streptococcal Infections', 'Streptococcus agalactiae', 'Vagina', 'Vulva']
| 3,910,791
|
[['A05.360.319.679.256'], ['D02.078.370.141.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C01.150.252.410.890'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.100', 'B03.510.400.800.872.100', 'B03.510.550.737.872.100'], ['A05.360.319.779'], ['A05.360.319.887']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Scorpion envenomation treated in the Infectious and Tropical Diseases at the Donka National Hospital, Guinea].
|
A retrospective descriptive study was conducted from 1(st) October 2010 to 30 November 2012 on the records of patients admitted for scorpion envenomation in the Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases at the Donka National Hospital. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of scorpion envenomation in Maritime Guinea, from scorpion stings recently covered in this service. We collected 75 cases of scorpion envenomation. The median age was 21.5 with interquartile 8 and 20 and sex ratio was 1.29. The upper limbs were involved in 55% of cases, followed by the lower limbs (35%), trunk (6%), head and neck (4%). We observed 63% of patients with local signs, 30% mild and general clinical signs of 7% severe systemic symptoms. All patients received an analgesic and a heterologous antitoxin, associated with an antibiotic (87% of patients), a corticosteroid (72%), diazepam (13%) and furosemide (34.6%). The incidence of scorpion envenomation is not negligible despite underreporting of cases, most often treated in traditional medicine.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Adult', 'Analgesics', 'Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Antitoxins', 'Child', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Furosemide', 'Guinea', 'Hospitals, Public', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medicine, African Traditional', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Scorpion Stings', 'Scorpions', 'Symptom Assessment', 'Young Adult']
| 25,158,841
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D06.472.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014', 'D27.505.954.427.040'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.573.601', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573.601', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573.601', 'D20.215.401.601'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E02.186'], ['D02.065.884.725.300', 'D02.092.146.807.300', 'D02.886.590.700.725.300'], ['Z01.058.290.190.375'], ['N02.278.421.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.488.505', 'E02.190.901.433', 'I01.076.201.450.654.505'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C25.723.127.142', 'C26.176.443'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.661'], ['E01.370.872'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Is there an unusual incidence of the manifestation of intracranial angiomas in pregnancy? Risk assessment based on 17,733 patients over 10 years].
|
From 1979-1988, 134 inpatients (m:f = 80:54) were treated because of an intracranial angioma (AVM). The male/female ratio was 3/2 in general as well as during the "reproductive age" (15-45 yrs). In 6 patients (20-27 yrs; grav 2/para 1: n = 3; grav 1/para 0: n = 3) the AVM became symptomatic during pregnancy (n = 4: 23-33 gestational week) or at birth (n = 2). In the group of the presently non-pregnant women (n = 40) 47 uncomplicated deliveries had occurred years before. We conclude that the available data neither allow us to reject nor to confirm the hypothesis that pregnancy and/or delivery influence the manifestation of cerebral AVMs. The reasons for this dilemma of epidemiology are discussed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Hemangioma', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Middle Aged', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic']
| 1,595,319
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['C04.557.645.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C04.850', 'C13.703.720']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
D-Penturonic acids: solution studies of stable-isotopically enriched compounds by 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy.
|
Methyl D-pentofuranosides were prepared by Fischer glycosidation of the aldopentoses D-arabinose, D-lyxose, D-ribose, D-xylose, and 2-deoxy-D-erythro-pentose, and oxidized with O2 over a platinum oxide catalyst to give the corresponding methyl D-pentofuranosiduronic acids. After purification by anion-exchange chromatography, these glycosides were hydrolyzed to give the corresponding D-penturonic acids [D-arabinuronic acid (1), D-lyxuronic acid (2), D-riburonic acid (3), D-xyluronic acid (4), and 2-deoxy-D-erythro-penturonic acid (5)] in 80% yield based on the starting pentofuranoside. 1-13C-Substituted D-aldopentoses were used to prepare D-(1-13C)penturonic acids. Aqueous solutions of the 1-13C-substituted penturonic acids, studied over a range of pH values by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy, were found to contain alpha- and beta-furanoses, acyclic aldehyde and hydrate, and/or hydrated 2,5-lactone. The ratio of D-riburonic acid anomers was most sensitive to solution pH (alpha/beta = 0.49 and 1.2 at pH 1.9 and 4.9, respectively). The values of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts, and 1H-1H. 13C-1H, and 13C-13C spin-coupling constants, were determined by 1H-(300, 500, and 620 MHz) and 13C-(75 MHz) n.m.r. spectroscopy with the aid of 2-D 13C-1H chemical shift correlation maps, 2-D 1H-1H COSY data, and 13C substitution, and were compared to those determined previously for structurally-related furanose rings. Isomerization of the penturonic acids at pH 5.0 and 50 degrees gave the corresponding 4-pentulosonic acids.
|
['Carbon Isotopes', 'Catalysis', 'Glycosides', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hydrolysis', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Protons', 'Solutions', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Uronic Acids']
| 1,652,354
|
[['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['G02.130'], ['D09.408'], ['G02.300'], ['G02.380'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['D26.776'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D02.241.081.844.915', 'D02.241.152.811', 'D02.241.511.902.915', 'D09.811.922']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The role of short-term memory capacity and task experience for overconfidence in judgment under uncertainty.
|
Research with general knowledge items demonstrates extreme overconfidence when people estimate confidence intervals for unknown quantities, but close to zero overconfidence when the same intervals are assessed by probability judgment. In 3 experiments, the authors investigated if the overconfidence specific to confidence intervals derives from limited task experience or from short-term memory limitations. As predicted by the naive sampling model (P. Juslin, A. Winman, & P. Hansson, 2007), overconfidence with probability judgment is rapidly reduced by additional task experience, whereas overconfidence with intuitive confidence intervals is minimally affected even by extensive task experience. In contrast to the minor bias with probability judgment, the extreme overconfidence bias with intuitive confidence intervals is correlated with short-term memory capacity. The proposed interpretation is that increased task experience is not sufficient to cure the overconfidence with confidence intervals because it stems from short-term memory limitations.
|
['Adult', 'Concept Formation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intuition', 'Judgment', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Probability Learning', 'Problem Solving', 'Serial Learning', 'Uncertainty']
| 18,763,889
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.785.233'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.188.675'], ['F02.463.785.626'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['F02.463.425.701'], ['F02.463.425.725', 'F02.463.785.810'], ['F02.463.425.952.747'], ['E05.318.740.600.900', 'F02.463.785.373.820', 'G17.680.875', 'N05.715.360.750.625.850', 'N06.850.520.830.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards: observations and limitations.
|
The recently introduced Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS), which came into force in April 2009, was created to protect the liberty of people lacking capacity admitted to care homes and hospitals in England and Wales. This paper discusses observations and some limitations of the DoLS for protecting the liberty of residents within institutional settings. The regulation, safeguards and recent relevant case law are examined critically. The author suggests that their effectiveness may be limited by the under-recognition of cases, ambiguity and limited safeguards within the statute. The paper concludes that the DoLS legislation has been a positive step towards protecting the liberty of those lacking capacity but that limitations present could undermine the purpose of the legislation.
|
['Civil Rights', 'Commitment of Mentally Ill', 'Humans', 'Mental Competency', 'Patient Advocacy', 'Patient Rights', 'United Kingdom']
| 22,021,586
|
[['I01.880.604.473.352', 'N03.706.437.352'], ['F04.096.544.335.200', 'N03.706.535.351.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.590', 'F02.410', 'I01.880.604.583.530', 'N03.706.535.625'], ['I01.880.604.631', 'N03.706.678'], ['I01.880.604.473.650', 'N03.706.437.650'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Reproductive endocrine effects of acute exposure to toluene in men and women.
|
OBJECTIVES: Despite observation of adverse reproductive effects of toluene, including alterations of serum gonadotropins (luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)) in humans, little is known of the mechanism of toxicity. The hypothesis was tested that toluene acutely suppresses pulsatile gonadotropin secretion by measuring LH and FSH at frequent intervals during controlled exposure to toluene.METHODS: Women in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle and men were randomised to inhale filtered air with or without 50 ppm toluene through a mouthpiece for 3 hours (19% of the OSHA permissible exposure limit). Blood was sampled by intravenous catheter at 20 minute intervals for 3 hours before, 3 hours during, and 3 hours after exposure. Plasma LH, FSH, and testosterone were measured. Pulse amplitude, pulse frequency, and mean concentrations of LH and FSH for each of the 3 hour periods before, during and after exposure to toluene versus sham exposure were calculated with the ULTRA pulse detection program and compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures.RESULTS: In men mean concentrations of LH showed a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between exposure and sampling period, with a greater LH decline during exposure to toluene than sham exposure. However, there was no concomitant effect on testosterone concentrations. The LH pulse frequency of women in the luteal phase showed a trend towards a significant interaction between exposure and sampling period (p = 0.06), with a greater decline in pulse frequency during exposure to toluene than sham exposure. There were no other significant effects of exposure to toluene.CONCLUSIONS: Three hour exposure to 50 ppm toluene did not result in abnormal episodic LH or FSH secretion profiles, however, subtle effects on LH secretion in men and women in the luteal phase were found. The clinical relevance of these effects is unclear, indicating the need for further study of reproductive function in exposed workers.
|
['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Biomarkers', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Follicular Phase', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Humans', 'Luteal Phase', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Male', 'Sex Factors', 'Toluene']
| 10,658,543
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D23.101'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['G08.686.605.310'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.605.410'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.832']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Comparative evolution of mipafox-induced delayed neuropathy in rats and hens.
|
Adult male Long-Evans rats and White Leghorn hens were given 30 mg/kg mipafox ip. Administration of this organophosphorus ester resulted in > or = 89% inhibition of brain and spinal cord neurotoxic esterase activity in both species 4 hr after dosing. Our sequential, comparative study of the bilateral mipafox-induced neuropathy in the medulla and cervical spinal cord in hens and rats demonstrated that the rats had well-developed, vacuolar axonopathic lesions in the fasciculus gracilis by post-dosing day 7. Severely affected rats with such lesions were noted through day 21, but not subsequently (days 28 and 35). The hen had a slower developing, but more severe, consistent and longer lasting neuropathy than the rat. In these birds, lesions in the medulla and rostral cervical spinal cord levels were more extensive, involving large regions of both the spinocerebellar tracts and fasciculus gracilis. Neuropathic changes, including myelinated fiber axonopathy and Wallerian-like degeneration, were prominent from days 14 - 35 in hens, and were associated with prominent gliosis in the later stages.
|
['Animals', 'Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases', 'Chickens', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Isoflurophate', 'Male', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Rats', 'Species Specificity']
| 1,302,299
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.352.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D02.705.429.750.249'], ['C10'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Combined kinase inhibitors of MEK1/2 and either PI3K or PDGFR are efficacious in intracranial triple-negative breast cancer.
|
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), lacking expression of hormone and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 receptors, is an aggressive subtype that frequently metastasizes to the brain and has no FDA-approved systemic therapies. Previous literature demonstrates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) pathway activation in TNBC brain metastases. Thus, we aimed to discover rational combinatorial therapies with MEK inhibition, hypothesizing that co-inhibition using clinically available brain-penetrant inhibitors would improve survival in preclinical models of TNBC brain metastases.Methods: Using human-derived TNBC cell lines, synthetic lethal small interfering RNA kinase screens were evaluated with brain-penetrant inhibitors against MEK1/2 (selumetinib, AZD6244) or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K; buparlisib, BKM120). Mice bearing intracranial TNBC tumors (SUM149, MDA-MB-231Br, MDA-MB-468, or MDA-MB-436) were treated with MEK, PI3K, or platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR; pazopanib) inhibitors alone or in combination. Tumors were analyzed by western blot and multiplexed kinase inhibitor beads/mass spectrometry to assess treatment effects.Results: Screens identified MEK+PI3K and MEK+PDGFR inhibitors as tractable, rational combinations. Dual treatment of selumetinib with buparlisib or pazopanib was synergistic in TNBC cells in vitro. Both combinations improved survival in intracranial SUM149 and MDA-MB-231Br, but not MDA-MB-468 or MDA-MB-436. Treatments decreased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K (Akt) signaling in sensitive (SUM149 and 231Br) but not resistant models (MDA-MB-468). Exploratory analysis of kinome reprogramming in SUM149 intracranial tumors after MEK ± PI3K inhibition demonstrates extensive kinome changes with treatment, especially in MAPK pathway members.Conclusions: Results demonstrate that rational combinations of the clinically available inhibitors selumetinib with buparlisib or pazopanib may prove to be promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of some TNBC brain metastases. Additionally, effective combination treatments cause widespread alterations in kinase pathways, including targetable potential resistance drivers.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Drug Synergism', 'Female', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Kinase 1', 'MAP Kinase Kinase 2', 'Mice', 'Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha', 'Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta', 'Signal Transduction', 'Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 28,486,691
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565.100', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200.100', 'D12.644.360.440.100', 'D12.776.476.440.100'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565.200', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200.200', 'D12.644.360.440.200', 'D12.776.476.440.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D27.505.519.389.736'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.900.500', 'D12.776.543.750.630.625.300', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.630.300'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.900.750', 'D12.776.543.750.630.625.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.630.400'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['C04.588.180.788', 'C17.800.090.500.788'], ['A11.251.860'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Iron deficiency: diagnosis and treatment.
|
Mild iron deficiency is common among infants, adolescents and women during the childbearing years. Practical and economical approaches toward its identification, treatment and prevention are needed. Laboratory screening is based on hemoglobin or hematocrit determinations compared with age-specific and sex-specific reference standards. If blood specimens have been analyzed by electronic counter, the presence of a normal or low-normal value for red cell volume increases the likelihood that anemia is due to iron deficiency. Other laboratory tests that may be helpful in selected cases include determining serum ferritin, transferrin saturation or erythrocyte protoporphyrin values. However, in most cases, a simple therapeutic trial with ferrous sulfate may be instituted on the basis of history and a screening test alone. If repeat laboratory studies after a month show no improvement, iron treatment should be stopped and other causes of anemia should be considered.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anemia, Hypochromic', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 7,257,364
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C15.378.071.196'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Prediction of community prevalence of human onchocerciasis in the Amazonian onchocerciasis focus: Bayesian approach.
|
OBJECTIVE: To develop a Bayesian hierarchical model for human onchocerciasis with which to explore the factors that influence prevalence of microfilariae in the Amazonian focus of onchocerciasis and predict the probability of any community being at least mesoendemic (>20% prevalence of microfilariae), and thus in need of priority ivermectin treatment.METHODS: Models were developed with data from 732 individuals aged > or =15 years who lived in 29 Yanomami communities along four rivers of the south Venezuelan Orinoco basin. The models' abilities to predict prevalences of microfilariae in communities were compared. The deviance information criterion, Bayesian P-values, and residual values were used to select the best model with an approximate cross-validation procedure.FINDINGS: A three-level model that acknowledged clustering of infection within communities performed best, with host age and sex included at the individual level, a river-dependent altitude effect at the community level, and additional clustering of communities along rivers. This model correctly classified 25/29 (86%) villages with respect to their need for priority ivermectin treatment.CONCLUSION: Bayesian methods are a flexible and useful approach for public health research and control planning. Our model acknowledges the clustering of infection within communities, allows investigation of links between individual- or community-specific characteristics and infection, incorporates additional uncertainty due to missing covariate data, and informs policy decisions by predicting the probability that a new community is at least mesoendemic.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Animals', 'Anthelmintics', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ivermectin', 'Male', 'Onchocerciasis', 'Prevalence', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Venezuela']
| 12,973,640
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.075'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.540.576.500.997'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.750.361.699', 'C01.610.858.650', 'C17.800.838.775.690'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['Z01.107.757.943']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Hamster growth hormone. Species specificity and physiological changes in blood and pituitary concentrations as measured by a homologous radioimmunoassay.
|
A specific and sensitive homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) for determination of golden hamster growth hormone (GH) is described and compared to a heterologous hamster GH RIA. Using the homologous system, cross-reactivity experiments between golden hamster GH on one hand, and pituitary extracts from two other hamster species, and purified GHs from several rodent and mammalian species, suggested that hamster GH differs from other rodent and mammalian GHs to a greater extent than rat GH. Using the homologous method, we have determined that, in the golden hamster, diurnal plasma fluctuations have a mean interpeak interval of 70-80 min, that serum GH concentrations are affected by nyctohemeral differences in lighting, by ether vapors, by animal's gender, and by starvation and refeeding. Basal GH concentrations were not influenced by exposure to different photoperiods or by removal of the gonads. A heterologous hamster GH RIA, which utilizes a radioiodinated rat GH and monkey antihamster GH serum, represents the most advantageous method for the measurement of hamster GH because of its high sensitivity (0.3 ng/ml), low limit of detection (46 pg/ml), high antiserum binding to iodinated rat GH, and the ability to measure rat and mouse GHs in addition to hamster GH. Immunological differences between hamster, rodent, and other mammalian GHs are diminished when heterologous, rather than homologous, tracer is used.
|
['Animals', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Cricetinae', 'Epitopes', 'Female', 'Food', 'Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mesocricetus', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Rats', 'Species Specificity', 'Starvation', 'Stress, Physiological']
| 6,183,612
|
[['B01.050'], ['G12.100'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['D23.050.550'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G16.824'], ['C18.654.521.750'], ['G07.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fruit and vegetable availability and selection: federal food package revisions, 2009.
|
BACKGROUND: With nearly 49,000 authorized retailers nationwide, a policy change that added fruits and vegetables (FV) to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food packages in 2009 had the potential to expand neighborhood FV availability.PURPOSE: This study examined changes in availability and selection of commonly consumed and culturally specific FV at authorized retailers (WIC vendors) before and after implementation of the revised WIC food packages.METHODS: Quasi-experimental, one-group design with two pre-policy observations and one post-policy observation. Trained observers assessed a list of fresh, frozen, and canned FV at each vendor in seven northern Illinois counties. Eight indices of FV availability and selection were derived. Multiple regression estimated relationships. Data were collected in 2008-2010 and analyzed in 2011.RESULTS: Overall, availability and selection of commonly consumed fresh FV and availability of African-American culturally specific fresh FV improved after implementation of the new policy. Modest improvements in the overall availability of canned low-sodium vegetables and frozen FV were observed. Changes differed by vendor type (large vendor, small vendor, and pharmacy). Changes in availability or selection did not differ by neighborhood characteristics (population density, median household income, racial/ethnic composition).CONCLUSIONS: Expansion of WIC foods was associated with small positive externalities on the food environment. Larger subsidies to create more demand and more-substantial stocking requirements for retailers may yield significantly larger improvements and thus warrant further investigation. Approaches targeting rural, low-income, and racial/ethnic minority neighborhoods also may be needed.
|
['African Americans', 'Commerce', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Food Assistance', 'Food Packaging', 'Food Supply', 'Fruit', 'Humans', 'Illinois', 'Poverty', 'Regression Analysis', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'United States', 'United States Department of Agriculture', 'Vegetables']
| 22,992,361
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['J01.219'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['I01.880.787.839.500', 'N03.219.521.346.506.281'], ['J01.576.423.200.375', 'J01.576.423.850.600', 'J01.576.761.400'], ['J01.576.423.750'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.350', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.350'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['I01.409.418.750.400', 'N03.540.348.500.500.400'], ['B01.650.160.956', 'B01.650.510.956', 'G07.203.300.850', 'J02.500.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Fibrous membrane formation at the capsular margin in capsule contraction syndrome.
|
PURPOSE: To determine whether the pathogenesis of capsule contraction syndrome involves the outgrowth of the fibrous membrane from the anterior capsule margin.SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, and the Ando Eye Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan.METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records and slitlamp photographs was conducted in 12 eyes (10 patients) that had required treatment for a narrowed anterior capsule opening after cataract surgery. All patients had had continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and phacoemulsification with implantation of an intraocular lens in the capsular bag. Specimens of surgically removed fibrous membrane were examined by histopathological methods.RESULTS: Fibrous membrane on the inner surface of the anterior capsule and the linear folds of the anterior capsule were present in each eye. In 10 eyes of 8 patients, the fibrous membrane was on the outer surface of the anterior capsule and covered the capsular folds at its margin. Pathological study showed that this fibrous membrane consisted of the flattened lens epithelial cells that proliferated on the inner and outer surfaces of the shrunken anterior capsule. The outgrowth of this membrane from the margin of the anterior capsule to the center of the opening of the anterior capsule was noted.CONCLUSION: In this study, capsule contraction syndrome involved contraction of the fibrous membrane as well as its outgrowth from the capsule margin.
|
['Actins', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Capsulorhexis', 'Cell Division', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Fibrosis', 'Humans', 'Laser Therapy', 'Lens Capsule, Crystalline', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phacoemulsification', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Syndrome']
| 10,404,367
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.540.825.249.352'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A10.272'], ['C23.550.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['A09.371.060.500.155'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.540.825.249.704', 'E04.943.875'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
FoxP3+ regulatory T cells essentially contribute to peripheral CD8+ T-cell tolerance induced by steady-state dendritic cells.
|
Peripheral T-cell tolerance is thought to significantly contribute to the prevention of autoimmunity, and it has been shown that antigen-presenting steady-state dendritic cells efficiently induce peripheral tolerance. We previously showed that dendritic-cell-induced tolerance is a T-cell-intrinsic process that depends on coinhibitory molecules such as programmed death-1. Here we specifically analyze the involvement of FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells, which are known to be important for maintenance of self-tolerance. We show that antigen presentation by steady-state dendritic cells failed to induce peripheral tolerance in the absence of FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells but induced protective CD8(+) T-cell-mediated immunity instead. Regulatory T-cell-depleted mice had massively increased numbers of dendritic cells in lymph nodes. Dendritic cells isolated from mice without regulatory T cells had up-regulated costimulatory molecules and showed stronger T-cell stimulatory capacity ex vivo, suggesting that regulatory T cells contribute to peripheral tolerance by keeping the dendritic cells in an immature state. Using blocking antibodies, we demonstrate that CTLA-4 but not IL-10 is necessary for control of dendritic cells by regulatory T cells.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, CD', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'CTLA-4 Antigen', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Forkhead Transcription Factors', 'Immune Tolerance', 'Interleukin-10', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Phenotype', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory']
| 20,018,763
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['D12.776.465.782', 'D12.776.543.750.705.222.750', 'D23.050.301.264.894.158', 'D23.101.100.894.158'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['D12.776.260.950.249', 'D12.776.930.977.249'], ['G12.535.425'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['G05.695'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessment of acute and chronic morphine dependence in male and female mice.
|
The present study compared male and female mice for frequency of naloxone-precipitated jumping and naloxone ED(50) values, two common indices of physical dependence, following acute and chronic morphine administration. Both sexes displayed a positive dose-response relationship between acute morphine and naloxone doses and jumping frequency. There was a significant main effect of sex, with mean jumping frequencies greater in males. The naloxone ED(50) estimate was also fourfold lower in males, indicating greater withdrawal sensitivity than females. Jumping frequencies were similar in male and female saline-treated control mice, discounting initial sex differences as a significant factor in the unequal magnitude and sensitivity in acute morphine dependence between sexes. In contrast, males and females displayed similar mean withdrawal jumping frequencies and naloxone ED(50) values after 3 days of morphine injections. Sex difference in withdrawal jumping was also not observed when morphine treatment was increased to 7 days via daily injection or continuous subcutaneous infusion. The present study demonstrates the development of greater physical dependence in male relative to female mice following acute but not chronic morphine administration.
|
['Animals', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Morphine', 'Morphine Dependence', 'Motor Activity', 'Naloxone', 'Narcotic Antagonists', 'Narcotics', 'Sex Factors', 'Substance Withdrawal Syndrome']
| 11,566,152
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.571', 'D03.605.497.607.587', 'D03.633.400.686.607.587', 'D04.615.723.795.576.571'], ['C25.775.643.500.600', 'F03.900.647.500.600'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['D03.132.577.249.706', 'D03.605.497.750', 'D03.633.400.686.750', 'D04.615.723.795.706'], ['D27.505.696.543', 'D27.505.696.663.850.512', 'D27.505.954.427.550'], ['D27.505.696.277.600', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['C25.775.835', 'F03.900.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Investigating the salinization and freshening processes of coastal groundwater resources in Urmia aquifer, NW Iran.
|
This paper presents the results of an assessment about interaction between Urmia Lake (UL) and coastal groundwater in the Urmia aquifer (UA). This aquifer is the most significant contributor to the freshwater supply of the coastal areas. The use of hydrochemical facies can be very useful to identify the saltwater encroachment or freshening phases in the coastal aquifers. In this study, the analysis of salinization/freshening processes was carried out through the saturation index (SI), ionic deltas (Ä), binary diagrams, and hydrochemical facies evolution (HFE) diagram. Based on the Gibbs plot, the behavior of the major ions showed that the changes in the chemical composition of the groundwater are mainly controlled by the water-soil/rock interaction zone and few samples are relatively controlled by evaporation. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that the deposited chloride and sulfate particles can form the minor salinity source in some coastal areas when washed down by precipitation. The SI calculations showed that all groundwater samples, collected in these periods, show negative saturation indices, which indicate undersaturation with respect to anhydrite, gypsum, and halite. In addition, except in a few cases, all other samples showed the undersaturation with respect to the carbonate minerals such as aragonite, calcite, and dolomite. Therefore, these minerals are susceptible to dissolution. In the dry season, the SI calculations showed more positive values with respect to dolomite, especially in the northern part of UA, which indicated a higher potential for precipitation and deposition of dolomite. The percentage of saltwater in the groundwater samples of Urmia plain was very low, ranging between 0.001 and 0.79 % in the wet season and 0.0004 and 0.81 % in the dry season. The results of HFE diagram, which was taken to find whether the aquifer was in the saltwater encroachment phase or in the freshening phase, indicated that except for a few wells near the coast, there is very little hydraulic interaction between UA and UL. In this coastal area, most of the samples that were collected repeatedly in both wet and dry seasons showed the same hydrochemical facies, which suggested that the seasonal groundwater fluctuations cannot significantly change the chemical composition of groundwater.
|
['Chlorides', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Groundwater', 'Iran', 'Salinity', 'Sulfates', 'Water Pollutants', 'Water Supply']
| 27,000,318
|
[['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G01.311.355'], ['Z01.252.245.500.350'], ['G02.640.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.845', 'D01.875.800.800.850'], ['D27.888.284.903'], ['J01.293.821.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of different doses of physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness among sedentary, overweight or obese postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial.
|
CONTEXT: Low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with high risk of mortality, and improvements in fitness are associated with reduced mortality risk. However, a poor understanding of the physical activity-fitness dose response relation remains.OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of 50%, 100%, and 150% of the NIH Consensus Development Panel recommended physical activity dose on fitness in women.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized controlled trial of 464 sedentary, postmenopausal overweight or obese women whose body mass index ranged from 25.0 to 43.0 and whose systolic blood pressure ranged from 120.0 to 159.9 mm Hg. Enrollment took place between April 2001 and June 2005 in the Dallas, Tex, area.INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: 102 to the nonexercise control group and 155 to the 4-kcal/kg, 104 to the 8-kcal/kg, and 103 to the 12-kcal/kg per week energy-expenditure groups for the 6-month intervention period. Target training intensity was the heart rate associated with 50% of each woman's peak Vo2.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary outcome was aerobic fitness assessed on a cycle ergometer and quantified as peak absolute oxygen consumption (Vo2abs, L/min).RESULTS: The mean (SD) baseline Vo2abs values were 1.30 (0.25) L/min. The mean (SD) minutes of exercising per week were 72.2 (12.3) for the 4-kcal/kg, 135.8 (19.5) for the 8-kcal/kg, and 191.7 (33.7) for the 12-kcal/kg per week exercise groups. After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, weight, and peak heart rate, the exercise groups increased their Vo2abs compared with the control group by 4.2% in the 4-kcal/kg, 6.0% in the 8-kcal/kg, and 8.2% in the 12-kcal/kg per week groups (P<.001 for each vs control; P for trend <.001). There was no treatment x subgroup interaction for age, body mass index, weight, baseline Vo2abs, race/ethnicity, or baseline hormone therapy use. There were no significant changes in systolic or diastolic blood pressure values from baseline to 6 months in any of the exercise groups vs the control group.CONCLUSION: In this study, previously sedentary, overweight or obese postmenopausal women experienced a graded dose-response change in fitness across levels of exercise training.TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00011193.
|
['Aged', 'Blood Pressure', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Overweight', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Physical Fitness', 'Postmenopause', 'Rest']
| 17,507,344
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G03.295'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['G03.680'], ['G11.427.685', 'I03.450.642.845.054.800', 'N01.400.545'], ['G08.686.157.500.625', 'G08.686.841.249.500.625'], ['I03.450.769.647']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Medical diagnoses of heat wave-related hospital admissions in older adults.
|
Heat waves have been associated with adverse human health effects, including higher rates of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and these health effects may be exacerbated under continued climate change. However, specific causes of hospitalizations associated with heat waves have not been characterized on a national scale. We systematically estimated the risks of cause-specific hospitalizations during heat waves in a national cohort of 23.7 million Medicare enrollees residing in 1943 U.S. counties during 1999-2010. Heat waves were defined as ?2 consecutive days exceeding the county's 99th percentile of daily temperatures, and were matched to non-heat wave periods by county and week. We considered 50 outcomes from broad disease groups previously associated with heat wave-related hospitalizations, and estimated cause-specific relative risks (RRs) of hospital admissions on heat wave days. We identified 11 diagnoses with a higher admission risk on heat wave days, with heat stroke and sunstroke having the highest risk (RR = 22.5, [95% CI 14.9-34.2]). Other diseases with elevated risks included fluid and electrolyte disorders [(Hyperosmolality RR = 1.4, [95% CI 1.1-1.3]; Hypoosmolaltiy RR = 1.2, [95% CI 1.1-1.3])] and acute kidney failure (RR = 1.1, [95% CI 1.1-1.2]). These risks tended to be higher under more severe heat wave events. In addition, risks were higher among adults in the oldest (?85) category (reference: 65-74) for volume depletion and heat exhaustion. Several causes of hospitalization identified are preventable, and public health interventions, including early warning systems and plans targeting risk factors for these illnesses, could reduce adverse effects of heat in the present and under climate change.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Chronic Disease', 'Climate Change', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medicare', 'Public Health', 'Risk Factors', 'United States']
| 29,428,173
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.663', 'N03.219.521.576.343.840', 'N03.706.615.696'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[A preliminary study on the measurement of (1,3)-â-D-glucan in bronchoalveolar lavage for the diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infections].
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore the measurement of (1,3)-â-D-glucan bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for the diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infections.METHODS: A total of 135 patients in the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from February 2010 to February 2011 were enrolled. There were 34 cases of confirmed or clinically diagnosed pulmonary fungal infections, 53 cases of bacterial pneumonia, and 48 cases of non-infection diseases. All patients underwent BAL and the BALF samples were obtained. (1,3)-â-D-glucan content (G test), in BALF and plasma were tested and the data were analyzed statistically by Mann-Whitney while the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was established, from which the best threshold of the 2 G tests was derived.RESULTS: The median of BALF G test in the fungal infection group, pneumonia group and non-infection group was 281, 28 and 10 ng/L, respectively; the level in the fungal infection group being significantly higher than those of the other 2 groups (P < 0.001), but no significant difference being observed between the pneumonia group and the non-infection group (P > 0.05). The median of plasma G tests in the fungal infection group, the pneumonia group and the non-infection group was 27, 10, and 5 ng/L, respectively; the level in the fungal infection group being significantly higher than those in the other 2 groups (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the pneumonia group and the non-infection group (P > 0.05). The best threshold of BALF G test was 67 ng/L, while the best threshold of G test of plasma was 17 ng/L.CONCLUSION: As compared to G test of plasma, G test of BALF may be more accurate, and have a higher clinical value for the earlier diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infections.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases, Fungal', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Young Adult', 'beta-Glucans']
| 23,328,179
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.150.703.534', 'C01.748.435', 'C08.381.472', 'C08.730.435'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.060.116.815'], ['D09.698.365.089']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Medical Equipment Maintenance Methods].
|
Due to the high technology and the complexity of medical equipment, as well as to the safety and effectiveness, it determines the high requirements of the medical equipment maintenance work. This paper introduces some basic methods of medical instrument maintenance, including fault tree analysis, node method and exclusive method which are the three important methods in the medical equipment maintenance, through using these three methods for the instruments that have circuit drawings, hardware breakdown maintenance can be done easily. And this paper introduces the processing methods of some special fault conditions, in order to reduce little detours in meeting the same problems. Learning is very important for stuff just engaged in this area.
|
['Equipment and Supplies, Hospital', 'Maintenance', 'Safety']
| 26,904,890
|
[['E07.325'], ['N02.628'], ['N06.850.135.060.075']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The frequency of Muir-Torre syndrome among Lynch syndrome families.
|
Lynch syndrome is the predisposition to visceral malignancies that are associated with deleterious germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. Muir-Torre syndrome is a variant of Lynch syndrome that includes a predisposition to certain skin tumors. We determined the frequency of Muir-Torre syndrome among 50 Lynch syndrome families that were ascertained from a population-based series of cancer patients who were newly diagnosed with colorectal or endometrial carcinoma. Histories of Muir-Torre syndrome-associated skin tumors were documented during counseling of family members. Muir-Torre syndrome was observed in 14 (28%) of 50 families and in 14 (9.2%) of 152 individuals with Lynch syndrome. Four (44%) of nine families with MLH1 mutations had a member with Muir-Torre syndrome compared with 10 (42%) of 24 families with MSH2 mutations (P = .302). Families who carried the c.942+3A>T MSH2 gene mutation had a higher frequency of Muir-Torre syndrome than families who carried other mutations in the MSH2 gene (75% vs 25%; P = .026). Muir-Torre syndrome was not found in families with mutations in the MSH6 or PMS2 genes. Our results suggest that Muir-Torre syndrome is simply a variant of Lynch syndrome. Screening for Muir-Torre syndrome-associated skin lesions among patients with Lynch syndrome is recommended.
|
['Cohort Studies', 'Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis', 'DNA Mismatch Repair', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Germ-Line Mutation', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'MutS Homolog 2 Protein', 'Skin Neoplasms']
| 18,270,343
|
[['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.190', 'C04.700.250', 'C06.301.371.411.307.190', 'C06.405.249.411.307.190', 'C06.405.469.158.356.190', 'C06.405.469.491.307.190', 'C16.320.700.250', 'C18.452.284.255'], ['G02.111.222.220', 'G05.219.220'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.365.590.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['D08.811.074.844.750', 'D08.811.277.040.025.292.750', 'D12.776.260.556.750', 'D12.776.624.664.700.130'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Trend in mode of delivery in Rajavithi Hospital: a ten-year analysis (2002-2011).
|
OBJECTIVE: To create trends in mode of delivery both public and private service at Rajavithi Hospital.MATERIAL AND METHOD: The medical records of singleton pregnant women delivered between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2011 were retrospectively analyzed for mode of delivery, indication of operative obstetrics, and modality of services (public and private service).RESULTS: During the study period, total singleton deliveries gradually decreased from 9,418 to 6,023 while the spontaneous vaginal delivery rate fluctuated, and the cesarean delivery rate increased from 25.48% to 34.70%. Vaginal operative deliveries steadily declined such as, forceps extraction 3.83% to 0.95%, vacuum extraction, 1.72% to 0.85%, and vaginal breech delivery 0.92 to 0.28%.CONCLUSION: The cesarean delivery rate increased in contrast with the decline of the vaginal operative delivery rate.
|
['Adult', 'Delivery, Obstetric', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital', 'Pregnancy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Thailand', 'Young Adult']
| 24,319,844
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.520.252'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.495', 'N04.452.442.452.422.495'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.252.145.841'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Predicting electroporation of cells in an inhomogeneous electric field based on mathematical modeling and experimental CHO-cell permeabilization to propidium iodide determination.
|
High voltage electric pulses cause electroporation of the cell membrane. Consequently, flow of the molecules across the membrane increases. In our study we investigated possibility to predict the percentage of the electroporated cells in an inhomogeneous electric field on the basis of the experimental results obtained when cells were exposed to a homogeneous electric field. We compared and evaluated different mathematical models previously suggested by other authors for interpolation of the results (symmetric sigmoid, asymmetric sigmoid, hyperbolic tangent and Gompertz curve). We investigated the density of the cells and observed that it has the most significant effect on the electroporation of the cells while all four of the mathematical models yielded similar results. We were able to predict electroporation of cells exposed to an inhomogeneous electric field based on mathematical modeling and using mathematical formulations of electroporation probability obtained experimentally using exposure to the homogeneous field of the same density of cells. Models describing cell electroporation probability can be useful for development and presentation of treatment planning for electrochemotherapy and non-thermal irreversible electroporation.
|
['Animals', 'CHO Cells', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Electricity', 'Electroporation', 'Models, Biological', 'Propidium']
| 24,731,594
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['G01.358.500.249'], ['E05.200.500.454', 'E05.242.448', 'E05.301.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D03.633.300.633.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
NHLBI viewpoint: Lung health and disease prevention research starting in childhood.
|
Lung health begins in utero when the complex structure of the airway, alveolar, and vascular structures are formed. To really impact the United States and global burden of chronic lung diseases in both adults and children, we must understand normal and abnormal development, the outcomes of disrupted development, and the effects of in utero and postnatal exposures on lung health. With increasing recognition of early life origins of adult diseases,(1) it is important to know what early events and interventions can alter the trajectory of lung development, growth, and decline to help promote lung health and reduce chronic lung disease.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Chronic Disease', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Lung Diseases', 'National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.)', 'United States']
| 25,857,257
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['C08.381'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.496.300', 'N03.540.052.750.300', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.496.300'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Clinical application of Web Accessible Population Pharmacokinetic Service-Hemophilia (WAPPS-Hemo): Patterns of blood sampling and patient characteristics among clinician users.
|
BACKGROUND: Use of population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) to facilitate PK-informed prophylaxis in clinical practice has gained momentum among haemophilia providers due to the accessibility of tools such as the Web Accessible Population Pharmacokinetic Service-Hemophilia (WAPPS-Hemo) and availability of extended half-life (EHL) factor concentrates. It is unknown how clinicians implement PopPK.AIM: To investigate the evolution of PopPK use in clinical practice by comparing blood sampling strategies, patient features, and factor group between initial and recent periods of WAPPS-Hemo availability.METHODS: PK data for haemophilia A and haemophilia B patients from two time periods were extracted from the WAPPS-Hemo database: early availability (10/2015-09/2016) and recent use (10/2017-09/2018). We compared patient characteristics (age, body weight, haemophilia type), product type and dose, and blood sampling times between the time frames.RESULTS: Over 1900 eligible infusions were submitted to WAPPS-Hemo during the periods studied, with 85% representing FVIII concentrates. In the recent cohort, PK profiles were requested for younger patients (median age 18 vs 26 years), with increased proportional EHL FVIII use (29% vs 14% of infusions). High-use centres generally submitted fewer blood samples per infusion than non-high-use centres, although the number of samples collected by non-high-use centres decreased significantly over time. During both periods, blood sample timing was generally consistent with ISTH recommended windows.CONCLUSION: The use of WAPPS-Hemo by haemophilia providers grew by over threefold between the time periods investigated. While sampling times have included key time points proposed first by Bj?rkman since early WAPPS-Hemo usage, a trend towards minimizing sampling was observed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Specimen Collection', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Factor VIII', 'Hemophilia A', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Internet', 'Middle Aged', 'Physicians', 'Young Adult']
| 31,742,831
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.225.998.110', 'E04.665.150', 'E05.200.998.110'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D12.776.124.125.350', 'D12.776.811.286', 'D23.119.350'], ['C15.378.100.100.500', 'C15.378.100.141.500', 'C15.378.463.500', 'C16.320.099.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Mothers in Kosova About Complementary Feeding for Infant and Children 6-24 Months.
|
AIM: This cross sectional study assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding complementary feeding among mothers with children between 6-24 months at the national level.METHODS: The sample of 492 mothers with children between 6-24 months, with a confidence level of 95%, the acceptable margin of 5%, the expected prevalence of 50% knowledge and effect of 1.3, were interviewed from all regions, in all Kosovo. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 and presented using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi-square with significance level set at 5%.RESULTS: Overall, 88.4% of respondents had good knowledge of complementary feeding, while only 38.4% of mothers had good practices regarding time for starting complementary feeding. We found association between maternal knowledge and level of education for complementary feeding.CONCLUSION: There is a need to further explore the factors responsible to improving practices for complementary feeding.
|
['Adult', 'Child Development', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Kosovo', 'Male', 'Mothers', 'Nutrition Surveys', 'Prevalence']
| 28,428,672
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['N01.824.196'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G07.203.650.220.500'], ['Z01.542.248.506'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630'], ['E05.318.308.980.485', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469', 'N06.850.505.616', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists 1988 Membership Survey on Operative Hysteroscopy [correction of hysterectomy].
|
The 1988 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists' (AAGL) Membership Survey on Operative Hysteroscopy had a 19% response rate. A total of 377 respondents reported performing 7,293 operative hysteroscopies. The number of procedures reported per respondent ranged from 1 to 325; 75% of physicians reported performing 20 or fewer procedures. In 1988, a small number of practitioners performed a large number of procedures. Directed biopsy and polypectomy through the hysteroscope were the procedures most commonly reported. Most operative hysteroscopies were performed for a complaint of either abnormal bleeding (57%) or infertility (27%). The most frequently reported complication was uterine perforation not requiring transfusion (13 per 1,000 procedures). More serious complications which occurred in at least 1 per 1,000 procedures included water intoxication or pulmonary edema, hospital readmission, hospitalization greater than 72 hours, and transfusion for hemorrhage.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Hysteroscopy', 'Infertility, Female', 'Societies, Medical', 'United States', 'Uterine Diseases', 'Uterine Perforation']
| 2,293,542
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.378.330', 'E01.370.388.250.360', 'E04.502.250.360', 'E04.520.360', 'E04.950.300.539'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['N03.540.828.589'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['C13.351.500.852'], ['C13.351.500.852.904.500', 'C26.761.853.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Annexin A6-induced inhibition of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 is linked to caveolin-1 export from the Golgi.
|
The molecular mechanisms regulating the exit of caveolin from the Golgi complex are not fully understood. Cholesterol and sphingolipid availability affects Golgi vesiculation events and involves the activity of cytoplasmic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)). We recently demonstrated that high expression levels of annexin A6 (AnxA6) perturb the intracellular distribution of cellular cholesterol, thereby inhibiting caveolin export from the Golgi complex. In the present study we show that in Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing AnxA6, sequestration of cholesterol in late endosomes, leading to reduced amounts of cholesterol in the Golgi, inhibits cPLA(2) activity and its association with the Golgi complex. This correlates with the blockage of caveolin export from the Golgi in cells treated with methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, a Ca(2+)-dependent cPLA(2) inhibitor. AnxA6-mediated down-regulation of cPLA(2) activity was overcome upon the addition of exogenous cholesterol or transfection with small interfering RNA targeting AnxA6. These findings indicate that AnxA6 interferes with caveolin transport through the inhibition of cPLA(2).
|
['Animals', 'Annexin A6', 'Arachidonic Acids', 'CHO Cells', 'COS Cells', 'Caveolin 1', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Cholesterol', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Golgi Apparatus', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Organophosphonates', 'Phospholipases A2, Cytosolic', 'Protein Transport', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Sphingolipids']
| 18,245,088
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.125.050.110'], ['D10.251.355.255.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['D12.644.360.024.264', 'D12.776.157.057.010', 'D12.776.476.024.280', 'D12.776.543.990.100.500', 'D12.776.744.287'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.336'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.705.429'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.937.625'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D10.570.877']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Correction of glucose carbon recycling for the determination of 'true' hepatic glucose production rates by (1-13C1)glucose.
|
Hepatic glucose production (HGP) and glucose carbon recycling are traditionally estimated by the combined use of hydrogen and carbon-labeled glucose tracers. A single-isotope method such as that of Reichard et al. for the determination of HGP and glucose carbon recycling requires the determination of activities in different glucose carbons by chemical degradation. Since the 13C content in the glucose carbon skeleton can be determined from mass fragmentography, the use of 13C-labeled glucose and mass fragmentography can provide a single-isotope method for the quantification of the recycled carbons. Correction for the recycling makes it possible to determine the true HGP. In this study, (1-13C1)glucose and mass fragmentography were used for the determination of HGP and glucose carbon recycling in six colon cancer patients. Molar enrichment of the molecular ion (m/z 328 cluster of glucose aldonitrile pentaacetate) was used to determine 'uncorrected' HGP, which was 1.93 +/- 0.11 mg kg-1 min-1 (mean +/- s.e.m.). The difference in molar enrichment of the molecular ion C1-C6 (m/z 328) and the ion corresponding to C1-C4 fragment (m/z 242) was used to determine the contribution of recycled label carbon. After this correction, the 'corrected' HGP was 2.04 +/- 0.12 mg kg-1 min-1, which is not significantly different from the 'true' HGP rate of 2.05 +/- 0.15 mg kg-1 min-1 determined by using (6-3H)glucose. HGP determined from the enrichment of the molecular ion C1-C6 underestimates true HGP, as expected. The corrected HGPs correlate well with those from 6-3H method (r = 0.86, y = 1.06x - 0.12; p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carbon Isotopes', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 2,054,392
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
miR-200a regulates epithelial-mesenchymal to stem-like transition via ZEB2 and beta-catenin signaling.
|
The emerging concept of generating cancer stem cells from epithelial-mesenchymal transition has attracted great interest; however, the factors and molecular mechanisms that govern this putative tumor-initiating process remain largely elusive. We report here that miR-200a not only regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition but also stem-like transition in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. We first showed that stable knockdown of miR-200a promotes the transition of epithelium-like CNE-1 cells to the mesenchymal phenotype. More importantly, it also induced several stem cell-like traits, including CD133(+) side population, sphere formation capacity, in vivo tumorigenicity in nude mice, and stem cell marker expression. Consistently, stable overexpression of miR-200a switched mesenchyme-like C666-1 cells to the epithelial state, accompanied by a significant reduction of stem-like cell features. Furthermore, in vitro differentiation of the C666-1 tumor sphere resulted in diminished stem-like cell population and miR-200a induction. To investigate the molecular mechanism, we demonstrated that miR-200a controls epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting ZEB2, although it regulates the stem-like transition differentially and specifically by â-catenin signaling. Our findings reveal for the first time the function of miR-200a in shifting nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell states via a reversible process coined as epithelial-mesenchymal to stem-like transition through differential and specific mechanisms.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Nude', 'MicroRNAs', 'Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Neoplastic Stem Cells', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Spheroids, Cellular', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays', 'Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2', 'beta Catenin']
| 20,826,811
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G04.152'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['G04.356.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.650', 'C07.550.350.650', 'C07.550.745.650', 'C09.647.710.650', 'C09.775.350.650', 'C09.775.549.650'], ['A11.872.650'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['A11.251.800'], ['A11.251.860'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850'], ['D12.776.260.400.883', 'D12.776.260.703.700', 'D12.776.930.780.918'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cholecystectomy or not after percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute calculous cholecystitis in high-risk patients.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute calculous cholecystitis in patients with high surgical risk and determine whether subsequent cholecystectomy is beneficial and necessary. Percutaneous cholecystostomy has been shown to be a safe treatment option for patients suffering from acute cholecystitis but at high risk for emergency surgery. Controversies still exist on the approach of the cholecystostomy and the subsequent management of these patients.METHODOLOGY: From January 1996 to March 2004, percutaneous cholecystostomy was performed on 65 patients that suffered from acute calculous cholecystostomy but were considered high risk for emergency surgery (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade III or IV). Their clinical outcomes were described and risk factors for in-hospital mortality and recurrence of cholecystitis were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTS: Percutaneous cholecystostomy was successfully performed in all patients (100%). The clinical response rate was 91%. The in-hospital mortality was 12.3%. Shock on admission was found to be a single independent risk factor for in-hospital death (p=0.006; odd ratio = 16.5; 95% CI = 2.2-123.1). Twenty-four patients underwent subsequent cholecystectomy whereas 33 did not. The 1-year and 3-year recurrence of acute cholecystitis were 35% and 46% respectively in patients who did not have subsequent cholecystectomy. Stone size > or = 1cm was independently associated with higher recurrence of acute cholecystitis (p=0.01; hazard ratio = 6.3, 95% CI 1.6-25.5). However, there was no difference in 1-year and 3-year overall survival between patients with or without cholecystectomy (82% Vs 81% and 59% Vs 63%, p=0.79).CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous cholecystostomy is a safe and promising treatment for acute calculous cholecystitis in patients who are at high risk for emergency surgery. Cholecystectomy after the resolution of cholecystitis and optimization of associated medical illnesses is always advisable in order to prevent recurrent cholecystitis. However, the limited survival of these patients because of their old age and medical co-morbidities should be taken into consideration.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cholecystitis, Acute', 'Cholecystostomy', 'Female', 'Gallstones', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Recurrence']
| 19,102,330
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C06.130.564.263.500'], ['E04.035.195', 'E04.210.120.195'], ['C06.130.409.633', 'C06.130.564.332.500', 'C23.300.175.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.291.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Pain management practices in paediatric emergency departments in Australia and New Zealand: a clinical and organizational audit by National Health and Medical Research Council's National Institute of Clinical Studies and Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative.
|
OBJECTIVE: To audit pain management practices and organization in paediatric ED across Australia and New Zealand.METHODS: Retrospective audit of pain management practices in Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative ED in 20 cases each of migraine, abdominal pain and femoral shaft fracture. Review of organizational status of pain management at Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative sites.RESULTS: Of 14 ED, 10 participated in the clinical audit. A total of 196 migraine, 197 abdominal pain and 177 femur fracture cases were reviewed. Less than half had degree of pain measured or had pain score documented on triage. Migraine received analgesia in 62% of cases (opioids in 11%). Abdominal pain received analgesia in 62% of cases (opioids in 14%). Fractured femurs received analgesia in 78% of cases (opioids 49%, femoral nerve blocks 40%). Median minutes to enteral medication were 100, 85 and 75, and for parenteral medication (mainly opiates) 103, 137 and 26, for migraine, abdominal pain and femur fracture, respectively. Thirteen hospitals participated in the organizational audit. Of all ED, 92% had pain management policies or guidelines, 92% taught pain management topics in education programmes and 62% used mandatory pain competencies. Only 15% had quality improvement programmes for pain reduction.CONCLUSION: We found a notable lack of pain assessment documentation and delays to analgesia. There is a need to improve pain assessment and management, although a majority of paediatric ED surveyed had important organizational and educational structures in place. Issues to explore include use of opioids in migraine and the underuse of femoral nerve blocks.
|
['Abdominal Pain', 'Analgesics', 'Australia', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Femoral Fractures', 'Humans', 'Medical Audit', 'Migraine Disorders', 'New Zealand', 'Pain Management', 'Pain Measurement', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Pediatrics', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Triage']
| 19,527,281
|
[['C23.888.592.612.054', 'C23.888.821.030'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014', 'D27.505.954.427.040'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['C26.404.061', 'C26.558.276'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.761.700.250.500', 'N05.700.175.500'], ['C10.228.140.546.399.750'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['H02.403.670'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['N02.421.297.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Metabolomic profiling of the flower bud and rachis of Tussilago farfara with antitussive and expectorant effects on mice.
|
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Flower bud of Tussilago farfara L. is widely used for the treatment of cough, bronchitis and asthmatic disorders in the Traditional Chinese Medicine. However, due to the increasing demands, adulteration with rachis is frequently encountered in the marketplace. No report demonstrated the chemical and pharmacological differences between flower bud and rachis before.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The water extracts were orally administrated to mice. Ammonia induced mice coughing model was used to evaluate the antitussive activity. The expectorant activity was evaluated by volume of phenol red in mice's tracheas. Metabolites were identified directly from the crude extracts through 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra. A metabolic profiling carried out by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis was applied to crude extracts from flower bud and rachis.RESULTS: Flower bud significantly lengthened the latent period of cough, decreased cough frequency caused by ammonia and enhanced tracheal phenol red output in expectorant evaluation. Principal component analysis (PCA) yielded good separation between flower bud and rachis, and corresponding loading plot showed that the phenolic compounds, organic acid, sugar, amino acid, terpene and sterol contributed to the discrimination.CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide pharmacological and chemical evidence that only flower bud can be used as the antitussive and expectorant herbal drug. The high concentration of chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, rutin in flower buds may be related with the antitussive and expectorant effects of Flos Farfara. To guarantee the clinical effect, rachis should be picked out before use.
|
['Ammonia', 'Animals', 'Antitussive Agents', 'Chlorogenic Acid', 'Cough', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Contamination', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Expectorants', 'Female', 'Flowers', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Metabolome', 'Metabolomics', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Phenolsulfonphthalein', 'Phytotherapy', 'Plant Stems', 'Principal Component Analysis', 'Rutin', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Trachea', 'Tussilago']
| 22,210,102
|
[['D01.362.075', 'D01.625.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.153', 'D27.505.954.796.090'], ['D02.241.223.200.185', 'D02.241.223.268.220'], ['C08.618.248', 'C23.888.852.293'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['N06.850.360'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['D27.505.954.796.250'], ['A18.024.249.500'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G03.500'], ['H01.158.201.586', 'H01.158.273.180.599', 'H01.181.122.638'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.625.560'], ['E02.190.755'], ['A18.024.937'], ['E05.318.740.562'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284.888', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.888'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['A04.889'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.100.958']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Staphylococcus pasteuri sp. nov., isolated from human, animal, and food specimens.
|
A new novobiocin-susceptible species of the genus Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus pasteuri, is described on the basis of the results of a study of seven strains isolated from human, animal, and food specimens. DNA relatedness experiments (S1 nuclease method) showed that these strains form a homogeneous genomic species related at DNA homology levels of 2 to 13% to 27 type strains representing known Staphylococcus species. The use of a method based on rRNA gene restriction site polymorphism provides clear-cut distinction between this new species and Staphylococcus warneri, which is the most similar species phenotypically. The type strain of the new species is strain BM9357 (= ATCC 51129).
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Cell Wall', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Food Microbiology', 'Humans', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Novobiocin', 'Phenotype', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Staphylococcus', 'Teichoic Acids']
| 8,098,615
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['A11.284.183'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.139.500', 'D03.633.100.150.446.139.500', 'D09.408.554'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750', 'B03.353.500.750.750', 'B03.510.100.750.750', 'B03.510.400.790.750'], ['D09.408.872', 'D09.698.718.825', 'D09.894.847', 'D23.050.161.616.797']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Clinical efficacy of lomefloxacin for associated infection in patients with hematological diseases].
|
We have studied the clinical effect of lomefloxacin (LFLX) for the documented infections in the patients with hematological disorders, and also analyzed the prophylactic usefulness of LFLX for the prevention of succeeding infection after the chemotherapy. Fifty five patients were entered in the trial, and 51 patients were eligible. Among 51 eligible patients, 40 patients were suffered from accompanied infections, and 11 patients were registered for the prophylaxis of the infection. In the group of documented infection, the ratio of out-patients was 62.5%, and 63.0% in prophylactic usage. In the treatment of the documented infection, LFLX was effective in 20 patients; the efficacy rate was 50.0%. In the prophylactic administration, LFLX was effective in 9 patients, yielded the efficacy rate of 81.8%. LFLX was effective for all 5 patients with urinary tract infection, in 10 out of 18 patients with respiratory tract infection (efficacy rate; 55.6%), in 5 out of 12 patients with fever from undetermined origin (41.7%), showed no effect for cholecystitis, colitis, and phlegmon. Bacteriological examinations revealed that all of the bacteria detected as pathogens were eradicated. The efficacy rate in the group of the malignant disorders such as leukemia/ lymphoma was smaller than that of non-tumorigenic diseases as aplastic anemia. As myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), four infection-bearing patients and five patients with prophylactic usage were analyzed. The efficacy rate of LFLX was 50.0 and 80.0%, respectively, and the overall efficacy rate was 66.7%. All MDS patients without prophylactic administration failed to have infections. Thus, LFLX was thought to be useful in the prevention of succeeding infections after the chemotherapy. No clinical and laboratory adverse reactions were reported.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Female', 'Fluoroquinolones', 'Hematologic Diseases', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Quinolones', 'Respiratory Tract Infections', 'Urinary Tract Infections']
| 9,077,072
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['C01.150.252'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322'], ['C15.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.633.100.810.835'], ['C01.748', 'C08.730'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Apical stress distribution on maxillary central incisor during various orthodontic tooth movements by varying cemental and two different periodontal ligament thicknesses: a FEM study.
|
CONTEXT: During fixed orthodontic therapy, when the stress levels in the periodontal ligament (PDL) exceedsan optimum level, it could lead to root resorption.AIMS: To determine an apical stress incident on the maxillary central incisor during tooth movement with varying cemental and periodontal ligament thickness by Finite Element Method (FEM) modeling.SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A three dimensional finite element model of a maxillary central incisor along with enamel, dentin, cementum, PDL and alveolar bone was recreated using EZIDCOM and AUTOCAD software. ALTAIR Hyper mesh 7.0 version was used to create the Finite Element meshwork of the tooth. This virtual model was transferred to Finite Element Analysis software, ANSYS where different tooth movements were performed.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cemental thickness at the root apex was varied from 200 ìm to 1000 ìm in increments of 200 ìm. PDL thickness was varied as 0.24 mm and 0.15 mm. Intrusive, Extrusive, Rotation and Tipping forces were delivered to determine an apical stress for each set of parameters.RESULTS: Results indicated that an apical stress induced in the cementum and PDL, increased with an increase in cementum and PDL thickness respectively. Apical stress induced in the cementum remained the same or decreased with an increase in the PDL thickness. Apical stress induced in the PDL decreased with an increase in the cementum thickness.CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the clinical delivery of an orthodontic forces will cause stress in the cementum and PDL. Hence, it is necessary to limit the orthodontic force to prevent root resorption.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Alveolar Process', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Computer Simulation', 'Dental Cementum', 'Dental Enamel', 'Dental Pulp', 'Dentin', 'Finite Element Analysis', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Incisor', 'Maxilla', 'Models, Biological', 'Orthodontic Extrusion', 'Periodontal Ligament', 'Rotation', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Tooth Apex', 'Tooth Movement Techniques']
| 22,945,712
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.125', 'A14.521.125', 'A14.549.167.646.094'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['L01.224.160'], ['A14.549.167.646.267', 'A14.549.167.900.250'], ['A14.549.167.900.255'], ['A14.549.167.900.260'], ['A14.549.167.900.280'], ['E05.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['A14.549.167.860.425'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.645', 'A14.521.645'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E06.658.578.225'], ['A14.549.167.646.771'], ['G01.482.703'], ['G01.374.835'], ['A14.549.167.900.750.700'], ['E06.658.578.836']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Pi sampling: a methodical and flexible approach to initial macromolecular crystallization screening.
|
The Pi sampling method is derived from the incomplete factorial approach to macromolecular crystallization screen design. The resulting `Pi screens' have a modular distribution of a given set of up to 36 stock solutions. Maximally diverse conditions can be produced by taking into account the properties of the chemicals used in the formulation and the concentrations of the corresponding solutions. The Pi sampling method has been implemented in a web-based application that generates screen formulations and recipes. It is particularly adapted to screens consisting of 96 different conditions. The flexibility and efficiency of Pi sampling is demonstrated by the crystallization of soluble proteins and of an integral membrane-protein sample.
|
['Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Crystallization', 'Humans', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled', 'Solutions']
| 21,543,849
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D12.776.543.750.695'], ['D26.776']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Culture and identification of breast cancer stem cells].
|
OBJECTIVE: To isolate breast cancer stem cells from breast cancer patients and identify their biological characteristics.METHODS: Mammospheric cells were purified and enriched from the tumor tissues of breast cancer patients using mammosphere culture. Their expressions of CD44 and CD24 were analyzed by flow cytometry, and ALDH1, ESA and Oct4 expressions were determined by Western Blotting. The primary mammospheric and adherent cells, at the density of 2?10(4), 2?10(5) or 2?10(6), were inoculated into NOD/SCID mice to observe their tumorigenic and metastatic activities.RESULTS: With mammosphere culture method, 62.36% of the mammospheric cells showed CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) phenotype. The expressions of ALDH1, ESA and Oct4 in the mammospheric cells were significantly higher than those in the adherent culture-derived breast cancer cells (P<0.05). Primary mammospheric cells were at least 100-fold more tumorigenic than the adherent cells; the mammospheric cells were associated with liver or lung metastases, but the adherent cells were not.CONCLUSION: Mammosphere culture can be employed to obtain breast cancer stem cells from the tumor tissues of breast cancer patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family', 'Animals', 'Aryldialkylphosphatase', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'CD24 Antigen', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronan Receptors', 'Isoenzymes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred NOD', 'Mice, SCID', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplastic Stem Cells', 'Octamer Transcription Factor-3', 'Primary Cell Culture', 'Retinal Dehydrogenase']
| 22,200,704
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D08.811.682.657.163.249.188'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.352.660.500'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.098', 'D12.776.395.550.448.120', 'D12.776.543.484.500.120', 'D12.776.543.550.200.124', 'D12.776.543.550.418.120', 'D23.050.285.018', 'D23.050.301.350.098'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.698.735.200.625', 'D12.776.395.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.395.650.750.281', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.144', 'D23.050.301.350.625.144'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.565', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.872.650'], ['D12.776.260.655.500.300', 'D12.776.930.710.500.300'], ['E01.370.225.500.223.500', 'E05.200.500.265.500', 'E05.242.223.500', 'E05.481.500.249.500'], ['D08.811.682.657.163.249.875', 'D12.776.331.915', 'D12.776.556.579.374.687']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Substrate rigidity-dependent positive feedback regulation between YAP and ROCK2.
|
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness influences gene expression, leading to modulation of various cellular functions. While ROCK2 regulates actomyosin activity as well as cell migration and proliferation, expression of ROCK2 is increased in response to stiffening ECM. However, the mechanism underlying rigidity-dependent ROCK2 expression remains elusive. Here, we show that YAP, a mechanically regulated transcription coactivator, upregulates ROCK2 expression in an ECM rigidity-dependent manner. YAP interacted with the ROCK2 promoter region in an actomyosin activity-dependent manner. Knockdown of YAP decreased ROCK2 expression while activity of the ROCK2 promoter was upregulated by expressing constitutively active YAP. Furthermore, we found that ROCK2 expression promotes transcriptional activation by YAP. Our results reveal a novel positive feedback loop between YAP and ROCK2, which is modulated by ECM stiffness.
|
['Actin Cytoskeleton', 'Actomyosin', 'Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Cell Movement', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Humans', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Transcription Factors', 'rho-Associated Kinases']
| 28,686,514
|
[['A11.284.430.214.190.750.050'], ['D12.776.210.500.154'], ['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['D12.776.744'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.814', 'D12.644.360.590', 'D12.776.476.595']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Urinary excretion and renal clearance of several specific plasma proteins in diabetics].
|
The 24-h urine excretion and renal clearance of albumin, alpha I-acid glycoprotein, transferrin, IgG, IgA and haptoglobin were studied in 30 albustix-negative diabetics with no clinical data for diabetic nephropathy aiming at the precise characterization of proteinuria in patients with diabetes mellitus. The diabetic patients were divided into two groups - 15 patients with newly diagnosed diabetes and 15 - with a longer duration of diabetes. Thirteen healthy subjects, at the same mean age, served as a control group. The results reveal increase of the clearances and 24-h excretion of the proteins studied in the patients with diabetes mellitus, in those with a short duration of the disease including, with authentic difference for albumin, transferrin, IgG and haptoglobin among the patients with a longer duration of the disease and the healthy controls and authentic difference for albumin between those with the newly diagnosed diabetes and the healthy control. The possible prognostic significance of the indices studied is discussed as well as their importance for the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.
|
['Blood Proteins', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Haptoglobins', 'Humans', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Proteinuria']
| 3,617,708
|
[['D12.776.124'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['C12.777.419.192', 'C13.351.968.419.192', 'C19.246.099.875'], ['D12.776.124.050.300', 'D12.776.124.790.106.394', 'D12.776.377.715.085.394', 'D12.776.395.560.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513'], ['C12.777.934.734', 'C13.351.968.934.734', 'C23.888.942.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of fear appeals and physiological arousal upon emotion, attitudes, and cigarette smoking.
|
Two experiments are reported that attempted to replicate conceptually Schachter's theory of the determinants of emotion and to test the feasibility of extending the theory to attitudes and behavior that may be mediated by the emotion of fear. A total of 279 cigarette smokers were administered either epinephrine or a placebo and then exposed to situational cues suggestive of disparate emotional states (Experiment 1) or different intensities of the same emotion (Experiment 2). Contrary to preictions based upon Schachter's theory, manipulated physiological arousal was not necessary for emotional labeling and under some conditions elicited fear. The situational cues affected emotion and attitudes. Higher levels of fear appeals strengthened intentions to quit smoking, and reassurance of the efficacy of stopping smoking reduced cigarette consumption.
|
['Adult', 'Arousal', 'Attitude', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Emotions', 'Epinephrine', 'Fear', 'Humans', 'Placebos', 'Self-Assessment', 'Smoking Prevention', 'Visual Perception']
| 1,107,512
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['F01.100'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['F01.470'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['F01.470.361'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785'], ['F01.752.747.792.537'], ['I02.233.332.812', 'N02.421.726.407.840'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Peptic ulcer disease with related drug treatment in pregnant women and congenital abnormalities in their offspring.
|
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common disease which can also occur in pregnant women. However, the possible association of PUD and related drug treatments in pregnant women with the risk of structural birth defects (i.e. congenital abnormalities [CA]) in their offspring has not been estimated in controlled population-based epidemiological studies. Thus, the prevalence of PUD in pregnant women who later delivered babies (cases) with different CA and in pregnant women who delivered newborns without CA (controls) was compared in the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities. Controls were matched to cases. Of 22,843 cases with congenital abnormalities, 182 (0.80%) had mothers with reported/recorded PUD, while of 38,151 controls, 261 (0.68%) were born to mothers with reported/recorded PUD. However, PUD(?) based on maternal information and/or unspecified diagnostic criteria, and PUD(!) based on endoscopic diagnosis showed different variables of mothers and newborn infants. Thus, finally, 20 case mothers and 58 control mothers with PUD(!) and related drugs were evaluated in detail. There was no higher risk for total CA group in the offspring of mothers with PUD during pregnancy (adjusted OR with 95% CI: 0.6, 0.3-0.9). Specific CA groups in cases were also assessed versus controls, but specified CA had no higher risk in the offspring of pregnant women with PUD and related drug treatments. In conclusion, a higher rate of CA was not found in the offspring of mothers with PUD.
|
['Abnormalities, Drug-Induced', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antacids', 'Anti-Ulcer Agents', 'Female', 'Histamine H2 Antagonists', 'Humans', 'Hungary', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Peptic Ulcer', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Proton Pump Inhibitors', 'Registries', 'Sucralfate']
| 20,727,001
|
[['C16.131.042'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.519.170', 'D27.505.954.483.080'], ['D27.505.954.483.203'], ['D27.505.519.625.375.425.425', 'D27.505.696.577.375.425.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.248.495'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C06.405.469.275.800', 'C06.405.748.586'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['D27.505.519.389.848'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['D02.886.740.299', 'D09.698.629.305.770.850', 'D09.947.750.770.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Single-port laparoscopic retroperitoneal surgery: initial operative experience and comparative outcomes.
|
OBJECTIVES: To present the initial operative outcomes and comparative data among patients undergoing single-port laparoscopic retroperitoneal surgery (SPLRS).METHODS: A prospective, observational study of all patients who underwent SPLRS was performed. The salient demographic and operative data, including age, body mass index, operative indications, operative time, estimated blood loss, complications, and postoperative visual analog pain scale scores were recorded. Patients who underwent cryoablation were then retrospectively compared to a contemporary, matched cohort of patients undergoing traditional laparoscopic retroperitoneal cryosurgery. Statistical analyses were performed.RESULTS: From September 25, 2007 to July 15, 2008, 8 patients underwent SPLRS. Five patients underwent SPLR cryoablation and 1 underwent SPLR partial nephrectomy for radiographic evidence of an enhancing renal mass. One patient underwent SPLR metastectomy for isolated recurrence of renal cell carcinoma. The remaining patient underwent SPLR cyst decortication for unrelenting pain. The mean patient age was 63.5 years. The mean body mass index was 28.9 kg/m(2). The mean operative time and estimated blood loss was 165 +/- 23 minutes and 134 +/- 152 mL, respectively. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted. The mean hospitalization was 1.4 days. The mean visual analog pain scale score at discharge was 0.4 of 10 (range 0-2). No significant difference was noted between the single-port and standard retroperitoneal cryotherapy cohorts with respect to age, body mass index, estimated blood loss, and length of hospitalization (P > .05). Patients who underwent SPLR cryoablation reported lower visual analog pain scale scores (P = .023).CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study have shown that SPLRS is feasible and offers comparable surgical outcomes and superior cosmesis and pain control compared with traditional retroperitoneoscopy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nephrectomy', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retroperitoneal Space', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,362,331
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.950.774.435'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A01.923.047.025.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Managing crises through organisational development: a conceptual framework.
|
This paper presents a synthesis of the guiding principles in crisis management in accordance with the four configurational imperatives (strategy, structure, leadership and environment) defined by Miller (1987) and outlines interventions in organisational development (OD) that may contribute to their achievement. The aim is to build a conceptual framework at the intersection of these two fields that could help to strengthen the resilient capabilities of individuals, organisations and communities to face crises. This incursion into the field of OD--to generate more efficient configurations of practices in crisis management--seems particularly fruitful considering the system-wide application of OD, based on open-systems theory (Burke, 2008). Various interventions proposed by OD in terms of human processes, structural designs and human resource management, as well as strategy, may help leaders, members of organisations and civil society apply effectively, and in a more sustainable way, the crisis management guiding principles defined by researchers.
|
['Community-Institutional Relations', 'Disaster Planning', 'Humans', 'Leadership', 'Organizational Culture', 'Organizational Innovation', 'Organizational Objectives', 'Risk Management']
| 21,083,850
|
[['N04.452.822.210'], ['N06.230.100.035'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.609'], ['N04.452.606'], ['N04.452.610'], ['N04.452.615'], ['N03.219.463.800', 'N04.452.871']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
CSF beta-endorphin levels in patients with infantile autism.
|
We measured CSF levels of beta-endorphin, an opioid hormone, in 19 patients with infantile autism and in 3 patients with Rett syndrome, and compared them with control values. In infantile autism, CSF levels of beta-endorphin did not differ significantly from those of age-matched controls. There was no significant correlation between CSF levels and clinical symptoms, including self-injurious behavior, pain insensitivity, and stereotyped movement. However, CSF levels of beta-endorphin were significantly higher in the patients with Rett syndrome than in the control (p < .05). Data suggest that neurons containing beta-endorphin may not be involved in patients with infantile autism. Thus, there is no relationship between dysfunction of brain opioid and autism.
|
['Autistic Disorder', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Matched-Pair Analysis', 'Neurons', 'Rett Syndrome', 'Self-Injurious Behavior', 'Stereotyped Behavior', 'beta-Endorphin']
| 9,105,966
|
[['F03.625.164.113.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.485', 'E05.318.740.475', 'N05.715.360.325.500', 'N05.715.360.750.500', 'N06.850.520.445.485', 'N06.850.520.830.475'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['C10.597.606.360.455.937', 'C16.320.322.500.937', 'C16.320.400.525.937'], ['F01.145.126.980'], ['F01.145.896'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.239', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.239', 'D12.644.400.400.935.239', 'D12.644.400.575.241.080', 'D12.644.548.365.935.239', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.239', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.239', 'D12.776.631.650.575.241.080']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Simvastatin ameliorates glomerulosclerosis in Adriamycin-induced-nephropathy rats.
|
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of simvastatin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, on inflammation and glomerulosclerosis in Adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, ADR nephrosis, and simvastatin-treated ADR nephrosis groups. ADR nephropathy was induced by a single-tail intravenous injection of ADR (6.5 mg/kg). Anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin were studied by evaluating the expression of the inflammatory mediators interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), and transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB). In addition, renal function, serum lipid levels, and histopathology were compared between groups. Simvastatin significantly decreases IL-1beta and TGF-beta1 expression and NF-kappaB activation, accompanied by significant attenuation of glomerulosclerosis and renal function at 12 weeks after ADR injection, and these changes occurred in the absence of lowering of serum lipids. These results suggest that overexpression of inflammation in the renal region may contribute to development of glomerulosclerosis in ADR-induced-nephropathy rats, and simvastatin treatment prevented glomerulosclerosis independent of the lipid-lowering effects. The beneficial effect of simvastatin might be mediated by the effect of anti-inflammatory action through a reduction of NF-kappaB activation, and IL-1beta and TGF-beta expression.
|
['Animals', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Doxorubicin', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'NF-kappa B', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sclerosis', 'Simvastatin', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1']
| 18,791,746
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.106'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C23.550.823'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.400.900', 'D04.615.638.400.900'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol and organosulfate formation in atmospheric aerosols: a modeling study.
|
We have examined aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and organosulfate (OS) formation in atmospheric aerosols using a photochemical box model with coupled gas-phase chemistry and detailed aqueous aerosol chemistry. SOA formation in deliquesced ammonium sulfate aerosol is highest under low-NO(x) conditions, with acidic aerosol (pH = 1) and low ambient relative humidity (40%). Under these conditions, with an initial sulfate loading of 4.0 ìg m(-3), 0.9 ìg m(-3) SOA is predicted after 12 h. Low-NO(x) aqueous-aerosol SOA (aaSOA) and OS formation is dominated by isoprene-derived epoxydiol (IEPOX) pathways; 69% or more of aaSOA is composed of IEPOX, 2-methyltetrol, and 2-methyltetrol sulfate ester. 2-Methyltetrol sulfate ester comprises >99% of OS mass (66 ng m(-3) at 40% RH and pH 1). In urban (high-NO(x)) environments, aaSOA is primarily formed via reversible glyoxal uptake, with 0.12 ìg m(-3) formed after 12 h at 80% RH, with 20 ìg m(-3) initial sulfate. OS formation under all conditions studied is maximum at low pH and lower relative humidities (<60% RH), i.e., when the aerosol is more concentrated. Therefore, OS species are expected to be good tracer compounds for aqueous aerosol-phase chemistry (vs cloudwater processing).
|
['Aerosols', 'Atmosphere', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Organic Chemicals', 'Sulfur']
| 22,788,757
|
[['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['G16.500.275.063', 'N06.230.300.100'], ['E05.599'], ['D02'], ['D01.268.185.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
IFN-ã-driven intratumoral microenvironment exhibits superior prognostic effect compared with an IFN-á-driven microenvironment in patients with colon carcinoma.
|
Interferon (IFN)-á and IFN-ã are cytokines with potent immunomodulating and anti-tumor activities. It is unknown which of the two IFNs may be more potent in the regulation of an anti-tumorigenic response in colorectal carcinoma or whether both cytokines cooperate. We, therefore, established human myxovirus resistance protein A and human guanylate-binding protein-1 as markers for the differential detection of IFN-á- and IFN-ã-driven tumor micromilieus, respectively. In vitro studies with different cultures of tumor cells from colorectal carcinoma and stroma cells showed that the expression of myxovirus resistance protein A was exclusively induced by IFN-á, whereas guanylate-binding protein-1 was strongly induced by IFN-ã and only weakly by IFN-á. This expression pattern was used to distinguish cell activation caused by the two cytokines in a clinical cohort of patients with colon carcinoma (n = 378). Patients with primary tumors expressing only guanylate-binding protein-1 exhibited the highest cancer-specific 5-year survival (94.0%, P = 0.006) compared with those expressing both factors (90.3%, P = 0.006), myxovirus resistance protein A alone (83.5%, P = 0.096), or none (72.8%). Our study describes a successful proof-of-principle approach that complex cytokine interaction networks can be dissected in human tissues and demonstrates that an IFN-ã-driven tumor microenvironment exhibits a superior prognostic effect compared with an IFN-á-driven tumor microenvironment in colon carcinoma.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Cytokines', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Humans', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myxovirus Resistance Proteins', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Tumor Microenvironment']
| 24,121,019
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.550', 'D12.776.157.325.636'], ['D12.776.624'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['G04.366.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Secreted frizzled related protein 1 modulates taxane resistance of human lung adenocarcinoma.
|
Taxanes, such as docetaxel and taxol, have been used as firstline chemotherapies in advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LAD), but limited responses to chemotherapy remain a major impediment in the clinic. Treatment with 5-azacytidine increases the sensitivity of SPC-A1/DTX cell line to taxanes. The results of DNA methylation microarray and cDNA array analysis indicate that DNA methylation contributes to the downregulation of secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1) in SPC-A1/DTX cells. Overexpression of SFRP1 reverses the chemoresistance of taxane-resistant LAD cell lines and enhances the in vivo sensitivity of taxane-resistant LAD cells to taxanes. Meanwhile, short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated SFRP1 knockdown decreases the sensitivity of parental LAD cell lines to taxanes. Furthermore, FH535, a reversible Wnt signaling inhibitor, enhances the sensitivity of taxane-resistant LAD cells to taxanes. The level of SFRP1 in tumors of nonresponding patients is significantly lower than that in tumors of responders. Taken together, our results provide the direct evidence that SFRP1 is a clinically important determinant of taxanes resistance in human LAD cells, suggesting that SFRP1 might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of taxane-resistant LAD patients.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adenocarcinoma of Lung', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Azacitidine', 'Bridged-Ring Compounds', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'DNA Methylation', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Sulfonamides', 'Taxoids', 'Wnt Signaling Pathway', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 24,643,460
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.022', 'C04.588.894.797.520.055'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D02.145.150', 'D03.383.742.680.245.217', 'D13.570.685.245.217', 'D13.570.800.286.300'], ['D02.455.426.100', 'D04.075'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['G05.308.370'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888', 'D02.455.849.291.850'], ['G02.111.820.925', 'G04.835.925'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Publication bias in clinical trials and economic analyses.
|
Publication bias is an established notion in the clinical literature; essentially, large studies or positive results are more likely to find their way into the public domain than small studies or negative results. Meta-analysis presents a focus for the problems of publication bias, seeking to summarise the evidence in a particular therapeutic area by retrieving and analysing all available clinical studies. Economic analyses are also vulnerable to publication bias, and at 3 levels: first, in the health-outcomes data available for modelling (resulting from publication bias in the clinical literature); second, in the motivations for conducting an economic analysis; and third, in repeating the process of seeking publication.
|
['Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Enalapril', 'Publication Bias']
| 10,169,384
|
[['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['D12.644.456.345.360'], ['L01.737.813']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Telomeres and prognosis in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
|
In the present study, telomere length, telomerase activity, the mutation load of immunoglobulin variable heavy chain (IGHV) genes, and established prognostic factors were investigated in 78 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) to determine the impact of telomere biology on the pathogenesis of CLL. Telomere length was measured by an automated multi-colour flow-FISH, and an age-independent delta telomere length (ÄTL) was calculated. CLL with unmutated IGHV genes was associated with shorter telomeres (p = 0.002). Furthermore, we observed a linear correlation between the frequency of IGHV gene mutations and elongation of telomeres (r = 0.509, p < 0.001). With respect to prognosis, a threshold ÄTL of -4.2 kb was the best predictor for progression-free and overall survival. ÄTL was not significantly altered over time or with therapy. The correlation between the mutational load in IGHV genes and the ÄTL in CLL might reflect the initial telomere length of the putative cell of origin (pre- versus post-germinal center B cells). In conclusion, the ÄTL is a reliable prognostic marker for patients with CLL. Short telomeres and high telomerase activity as occurs in some patients with CLL with a worse prognosis might be an ideal target for treatment with telomerase inhibitors.
|
['Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains', 'Immunoglobulin Variable Region', 'Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Telomere']
| 21,203,871
|
[['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.500'], ['D12.644.541.500.650.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.797', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.797', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.797', 'G02.111.570.060.425'], ['C04.557.337.428.080.125', 'C15.604.515.560.080.125', 'C20.683.515.528.080.125'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.845', 'G05.360.160.845']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Adenoviruses use lactoferrin as a bridge for CAR-independent binding to and infection of epithelial cells.
|
Most adenoviruses bind to the coxsackie- and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Surprisingly, CAR is not expressed apically on polarized cells and is thus not easily available to viruses. Consequently, alternative mechanisms for entry of coxsackievirus and adenovirus into cells have been suggested. We have found that tear fluid promotes adenovirus infection, and we have identified human lactoferrin (HLf) as the tear fluid component responsible for this effect. HLf alone was found to promote binding of adenovirus to epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner and also infection of epithelial cells by adenovirus. HLf was also found to promote gene delivery from an adenovirus-based vector. The mechanism takes place at the binding stage and functions independently of CAR. Thus, we have identified a novel binding mechanism whereby adenovirus hijacks HLf, a component of the innate immune system, and uses it as a bridge for attachment to host cells.
|
['Adenoviruses, Human', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Lactoferrin', 'Receptors, Virus', 'Species Specificity', 'Tears']
| 17,079,302
|
[['B04.280.030.500.350'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.537.500', 'D12.776.543.550.200.537.500', 'D12.776.543.750.830.124', 'D12.776.543.940.600.500', 'D23.050.301.350.537.500'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.471', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.471', 'D12.776.157.427.750.249', 'D12.776.256.159.750.816.500.507', 'D12.776.377.457.507', 'D12.776.395.507', 'D12.776.556.579.750.249'], ['D12.776.543.750.830'], ['G16.824'], ['A12.200.882']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of APOE epsilon4 allele on cerebral glucose metabolism in AD is a function of age at onset.
|
BACKGROUND: Although the APOE epsilon4 allele is a well-known risk factor for developing AD, the impact of the epsilon4 allele on clinical manifestations in patients with AD is still controversial. One possible reason for this controversy is that previous studies did not consider the effect of patient age at symptom onset.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible impact of patient age at onset of AD on the effect of APOE genotype on regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRglc).METHODS: The authors compared rCMRglc between probable AD patients (based on criteria of the National Institute of Neurologic Disease and Stroke/AD and Related Disorders Association) with APOE epsilon4/4 and APOE epsilon3/3 alleles in early-onset (< or =65 years old) and late-onset (>65 years old) groups. In each group, the patients with APOE epsilon4/4 and APOE epsilon3/3 alleles were comparable for age at onset, age at examination, sex, disease duration, education level, and severity of dementia.RESULTS: In the early-onset group, the patients with the APOE epsilon4/4 genotype showed a significant decrease of rCMRglc in the medial temporal lobe and a significant increase of rCMRglc in the inferior parietal and posterior temporal cortices as compared with those patients with the APOE epsilon3/3 genotype. In the late-onset group, there were no significant differences in the rCMRglc pattern between the patients with APOE epsilon4/4 and APOE epsilon3/3 alleles.CONCLUSIONS: The current findings indicate that the impact of the APOE epsilon4 genotype on cerebral glucose metabolism of patients with AD may be a function of age at symptom onset.
|
['Age of Onset', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Alleles', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Apolipoprotein E4', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies']
| 11,889,238
|
[['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D10.532.091.500.750', 'D12.776.070.400.500.750', 'D12.776.521.120.500.750'], ['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['G05.380'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Parental characteristics of Jews and Greeks in Australia.
|
A controlled study was conducted in Sydney to assess the reported characteristics of Jewish and Greek parents. Using a measure of fundamental parental characteristics the 81 Jewish subjects differed from controls only in scoring their mothers as less caring. The 125 Greek subjects scored both parents as more overprotective; further investigation revealed that the Greek parents were overprotective of their daughters only. Findings in the latter study suggest that overprotection by Greek parents may be influenced slightly by the age of the child when migrating, and that such a cultural pattern is resistant to acculturation effects.
|
['Adult', 'Australia', 'Child', 'Child Rearing', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Greece', 'Humans', 'Jews', 'Male', 'Parent-Child Relations', 'Parents']
| 293,176
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analogical encoding facilitates knowledge transfer in negotiation.
|
Information learned in one situation often fails to transfer to a similarly structured situation. However, prior findings suggest that comparing two or more instances that embody the same principle can promote abstraction of a schema that can be transferred to new situations. In two lines of research, we examined the effects of analogical encoding on knowledge transfer in negotiation situations. In Experiment 1, undergraduates were more likely to propose optimal negotiation strategies and less likely to propose compromises (a suboptimal strategy) when they received analogy training. In Experiment 2, graduate management students who drew an analogy from two cases were nearly three times more likely to incorporate the strategy from the training cases into their negotiations than were students given the same cases separately. For both novices and experienced participants, the comparison process can be an efficient means of abstracting principles for later application.
|
['Adult', 'Decision Making', 'Decision Making, Organizational', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Knowledge of Results, Psychological', 'Male', 'Negotiating', 'Problem Solving', 'Transfer, Psychology']
| 10,682,201
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['N04.452.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.770.379'], ['F01.145.209.520', 'F01.829.401.520', 'F02.463.785.373.520', 'L01.143.620', 'N04.452.677.430'], ['F02.463.425.725', 'F02.463.785.810'], ['F02.463.425.910']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Chromatographic analysis of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid and homovanillic acid in dried blood spots and platelet poor and rich plasma samples.
|
An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the measurement of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindolacetic and homovanillic acids in dried blood spots and in platelet poor and rich plasma samples. Analyses were carried out on a C18 reversed-phase column using a mobile phase composed of 13% methanol and 87% aqueous citrate buffer, containing octanesulfonic and ethylendiaminotetracetic acids. Coulometric detection was used, setting the guard cell at +0.100 V, the first analytical cell at -0.200 V and the second analytical cell at +0.400 V. For the pre-treatment of biological samples a novel solid-phase extraction procedure, based on mixed-mode reversed-phase--strong anion exchange Oasis cartridges, was implemented. Extraction yields of the analytes from all these matrices were satisfactory, being always higher than 89.0%. The calibration curve was linear over the on-column concentration range of 0.1-22.5 ng mL(-1) for serotonin and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid and of 0.25-22.5 ng mL(-1) for homovanillic acid. The sensitivity was good with a limit of detection of 0.05 ng mL(-1) for serotonin and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid and 0.12 ng mL(-1) for homovanillic acid. Results were also satisfactory in terms of precision, selectivity and accuracy. The analytical method was successfully applied to human platelet poor and rich plasma samples and to dried blood spots from volunteers and psychiatric patients.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Homovanillic Acid', 'Humans', 'Indoles', 'Plasma', 'Serotonin']
| 20,554,289
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D02.241.223.601.521'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['A12.207.152.693', 'A12.207.270.695', 'A15.145.693'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Behavior changes after notification of HIV infection.
|
BACKGROUND: To learn more about how people who did not volunteer for testing react to information about HIV infection, we assessed short-term behavior changes in HIV-positive blood donors.METHODS: Blood donors who were notified at the New York Blood Center that they were HIV positive were asked to participate in a study. A nurse elicited a medical history, performed a limited medical examination, and asked participants to complete a questionnaire that included questions about drug use, sexual behavior, and psychological characteristics. Participants were asked to return in 2 weeks to complete another questionnaire.RESULTS: Many fewer men and women reported engaging in unsafe sexual behaviors in the 2 weeks preceding the follow-up visit than had reported such behaviors prior to notification. These changes were greater than those other investigators have reported, but about 40% of the participants still reported unsafe sexual activity at the follow-up interview.CONCLUSIONS: To make nonvolunteer screening programs for HIV infection more effective in reducing the spread of HIV infection, we need to learn more about how to help people change their high-risk behaviors.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blood Donors', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'New York City', 'Risk Factors', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Substance Abuse, Intravenous', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 1,746,654
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.898.313'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.530.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530.530', 'Z01.433.741'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.802'], ['C25.775.793', 'F03.900.793'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A-myb rescues murine B-cell lymphomas from IgM-receptor-mediated apoptosis through c-myc transcriptional regulation.
|
A-myb is a member of the myb family of transcription factors, which regulates proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of hematopoietic cells. A-Myb expression is normally restricted to the proliferating B-cell centroblasts and transgenic mice overexpressing A-myb displayed enhanced hyperplasia of the lymph nodes. Because A-Myb is highly expressed in several subtypes of human B-cell neoplasias, we sought to determine whether the A-myb gene promoted proliferation and survival of B lymphocytes, using the WEHI 231 and CH33 murine B-cell lymphomas as models. Here, we show that ectopic expression of A-myb rescues WEHI 231 and CH33 cells from growth arrest and apoptosis induced by anti-IgM treatment. Previously, we demonstrated an essential role of the c-myc gene in promoting cell survival of WEHI 231 cells in response to a variety of apoptotic stimuli. Furthermore, we and others have shown that the c-myc gene is potently transactivated by A-Myb in several cell types. Thus, we sought to determine whether c-Myc would mediate the A-Myb antiapoptotic effect in B cells. Here we show that ectopic expression of A-myb leads to maintenance of c-myc expression, and that expression of antisense c-myc RNA ablates A-Myb-mediated survival signals. Thus, these findings strongly implicate the A-myb gene in the regulation of B-cell survival and confirm the c-myc gene as one of the downstream targets of A-myb in these cells. Overall, our observation suggests that A-myb expression may be relevant to the pathology of human B-cell neoplasias.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, myb', 'Genes, myc', 'Humans', 'Lymphoma, B-Cell', 'Mice', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb', 'Receptors, Fc', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 10,910,917
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G05.308.370'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.418'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.386.480.150', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.776.260.675', 'D12.776.624.664.700.188', 'D12.776.930.725'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.871'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of iso-á-acids, the hop-derived bitter components in beer, on the MRI-based Brain Healthcare Quotient in healthy middle-aged to older adults.
|
AIM: Neurological disorders are a major public health issue worldwide and are often associated with structural changes in the brain. We have previously demonstrated that iso-á-acids (IAAs), the hop-derived bitter components in beer, improve memory impairment in aged and Alzheimer's disease mouse models. In this study, we evaluated the effects of IAA intake on the brain structure in healthy middle-aged to older adults. This study was conducted under the Impulsing Paradigm Change through Disruptive Technologies Program (ImPACT) study launched by the Cabinet office of Japan.METHOD: This study employed an open-labeled, single-arm, before and after design. Healthy middle-aged to older adults consumed a beverage containing IAAs (3 mg/190 mL) for 4 weeks.Recently developed magnetic resonance imaging-based brain health indicators were used to evaluate the following brain conditions: the Brain Healthcare Quotient (BHQ) based on gray matter volume (GM-BHQ) and white matter fractional anisotropy (FA-BHQ).RESULTS: In total, 25 subjects were recruited, and GM-BHQ and FA-BHQ were measured before and after intervention. In all subjects, no significant differences in GM-BHQ and FA-BHQ were observed. In subjects aged ? 60 years (mean 54.5; standard deviation 3.9) (n = 8), GM-BHQ was significantly increased 4 weeks after intervention compared with that before intervention.CONCLUSION: Intake of beverages containing IAAs might affect brain aging, particularly in healthy older adults, which may prevent the development of neurological disorders. Future studies employing more robust designs can elucidate the effects of IAAs on GM-BHQ and cognitive functions.
|
['Acids', 'Aged', 'Beer', 'Brain', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Organ Size']
| 31,587,526
|
[['D01.029'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.203.100.100.200', 'G07.203.200.250', 'J02.200.100.200', 'J02.350.250'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Including irrigation in niche modelling of the invasive wasp Vespula germanica (Fabricius) improves model fit to predict potential for further spread.
|
The European wasp, Vespula germanica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), is of Palaearctic origin, being native to Europe, northern Africa and Asia, and introduced into North America, Chile, Argentina, Iceland, Ascension Island, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Due to its polyphagous nature and scavenging behaviour, V. germanica threatens agriculture and silviculture, and negatively affects biodiversity, while its aggressive nature and venomous sting pose a health risk to humans. In areas with warmer winters and longer summers, queens and workers can survive the winter months, leading to the build-up of large nests during the following season; thereby increasing the risk posed by this species. To prevent or prepare for such unwanted impacts it is important to know where the wasp may be able to establish, either through natural spread or through introduction as a result of human transport. Distribution data from Argentina and Australia, and seasonal phenology data from Argentina were used to determine the potential distribution of V. germanica using CLIMEX modelling. In contrast to previous models, the influence of irrigation on its distribution was also investigated. Under a natural rainfall scenario, the model showed similarities to previous models. When irrigation is applied, dry stress is alleviated, leading to larger areas modelled climatically suitable compared with previous models, which provided a better fit with the actual distribution of the species. The main areas at risk of invasion by V. germanica include western USA, Mexico, small areas in Central America and in the north-western region of South America, eastern Brazil, western Russia, north-western China, Japan, the Mediterranean coastal regions of North Africa, and parts of southern and eastern Africa.
|
['Agricultural Irrigation', 'Animal Distribution', 'Animals', 'Argentina', 'Australia', 'Introduced Species', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Seasons', 'South Africa', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Temperature', 'Wasps', 'Water']
| 28,715,452
|
[['J01.040.044'], ['F01.145.113.069', 'G16.049'], ['B01.050'], ['Z01.107.757.077'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['B01.050.050.580', 'G16.500.275.157.049.400', 'N06.230.124.049.400'], ['E05.599'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['G07.775'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.900'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Culture-expanded allogenic adipose tissue-derived stem cells attenuate cartilage degeneration in an experimental rat osteoarthritis model.
|
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based cell therapy is a promising avenue for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of intra-articular injections of culture-expanded allogenic adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) induced rat OA model. The paracrine effects of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unmatched ADSCs on chondrocytes were investigated in vitro. Rats were divided into an OA group that underwent ACLT surgery and a sham-operated group that did not undergo ACLT surgery. Four weeks after surgery mild OA was induced in the OA group. Subsequently, the OA rats were randomly divided into ADSC and control groups. A single dose of 1 ? 106 ADSCs suspended in 60 ìL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was intra-articularly injected into the rats of the ADSC group. The control group received only 60 ìL PBS. OA progression was evaluated macroscopically and histologically at 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. ADSC treatment did not cause any adverse local or systemic reactions. The degeneration of articular cartilage was significantly weaker in the ADSC group compared to that in the control group at both 8 and 12 weeks. Chondrocytes were co-cultured with MHC-unmatched ADSCs in trans-wells to assess the paracrine effects of ADSCs on chondrocytes. Co-culture with ADSCs counteracted the IL-1â-induced mRNA upregulation of the extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes MMP-3 and MMP-13 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-á and IL-6 in chondrocytes. Importantly, ADSCs increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in chondrocytes. The results of this study indicated that the intra-articular injection of culture-expanded allogenic ADSCs attenuated cartilage degeneration in an experimental rat OA model without inducing any adverse reactions. MHC-unmatched ADSCs protected chondrocytes from inflammatory factor-induced damage. The paracrine effects of ADSCs on OA chondrocytes are at least part of the mechanism by which ADSCs exert their therapeutic activity.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chondrocytes', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Injections, Intra-Articular', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Interleukin-6', 'Male', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Stem Cells', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 28,419,155
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.329.171'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['E02.319.267.530.380'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E02.095.147.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687'], ['A11.872'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of restricted food intake on estrous cycles and pseudopregnancies in dogs.
|
OBJECTIVE: To examine effects of restricted food intake on estrous cycle frequency, interestrus interval, and pseudopregnancy prevalence in dogs.ANIMALS: 28 female Labrador Retrievers.PROCEDURE: Dogs were paired by body weight when they were 6 weeks old and fed so that the limit-fed pair-mate received 75% of the amount of food offered to its maintenance-fed counterpart. Estrous cycle, interestrus interval, and pseudopregnancy data were recorded.RESULTS: Mean annual frequency of estrous cycles and duration of interestrus intervals did not differ between feeding groups. Prevalence of clinically evident pseudopregnancy was significantly greater among females that were maintenance fed, although results of endocrinologic testing did not identify a mechanism for this observation.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pseudopregnancy in dogs can be influenced by physiologic factors related to nutrition. Clinicians should consider a variety of physiologic and environmental factors when evaluating reproductive function in dogs.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Area Under Curve', 'Dogs', 'Eating', 'Estradiol', 'Estrus', 'Female', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Progesterone', 'Prolactin', 'Pseudopregnancy', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Random Allocation', 'Regression Analysis']
| 10,407,473
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['G08.686.195.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['G08.686.784.769.887'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Prognostic utility of serum potassium in chronic digoxin toxicity: a case-control study.
|
OBJECTIVE: In contrast to patients with acute digoxin overdose, the prognostic utility of the serum potassium concentration for patients with chronic digoxin toxicity is unclear. In such patients, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between pre-treatment serum potassium and survival.METHODS: This was a case-control study at an urban Poison Control Center affiliated with a large urban medical center. We compared the serum potassium concentration between patients with chronic digoxin toxicity resulting in fatality (cases) over a 7-year period (2000-2006) versus survivors (controls) over a 1-year period (2007-2008).RESULTS: During the study period, there were 13 fatalities (cases) and 13 survivors (controls), of whom seven cases and five controls received appropriately dosed digoxin-specific antibody Fab fragments (Fab). There were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls with respect to serum digoxin concentration, creatinine, age, or sex. Serum potassium elevation pre-Fab was significantly associated with fatality both in mean difference (p < 0.03) and using a dichotomous cutoff of 5.0 mEq/L (p < 0.001), which performed with 92% sensitivity (95% CI 67, 99). In 86% of deaths despite appropriate Fab administration, the clinical presentation included the combination of bradycardia plus hyperkalemia.CONCLUSION: In these patients with chronic digoxin toxicity, elevated serum potassium was associated with fatality. The combination of bradycardia and hyperkalemia strongly predicted fatality even in cases with appropriate Fab administration.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bradycardia', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Digoxin', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments', 'Male', 'Potassium', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Urban Health Services']
| 21,619,380
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.280.067.319', 'C23.550.073.300'], ['D27.505.954.411.222', 'D27.720.799.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.130.500.436', 'D04.210.500.155.580.130.688', 'D09.408.180.261.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.950.396'], ['D12.644.541.500.650', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['N02.421.914']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Present status and perspective of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty from the viewpoint of short and long term results: comparative study of the results of PTCA and CABG procedure.
|
Balloon technology has advanced to incorporate the skills of angioplasters while efforts to enhance their skills continue. These factors have contributed to the expansion of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) indications. We have analyzed the comparison of short and long term results between PTCA and CABG revascularization procedures. In the development of revascularization procedures, one graft surgery has significantly declined in use since 1983 (2 years after the start of PTCA) while there has been an increase of multi graft surgery (more than 2 grafts). On the other hand, PTCA has showed a linear increase since 1982 and reached 160 cases in 1985. The growth of complex angioplasty other than PTCA for single discrete lesions is parallel to that of PTCA and has been used in 44% of overall cases. The growth curve of angioplasty crossed over that of revascularization surgery in 1983. PTCA was successful in 246 patients out of 300 overall cases representing 88% success rate and in 340 lesions representing an 81% success. For CABG the patency rate was 89.5% which means a out of 638 grafts were successful. PTCA was conducted in 137 cases with multiple lesion. That data could be interpreted as mean patient success of 120/137, lesion success was 196/265 with a success rate of 88% and 73%, respectively. Primary results in 284 multi CABG cases were good with a patency rate of 91% (487 patent grafts out of 536 anastomoses). However, in-hospital deaths were 3.5% higher (10 cases with CABG group). The effective dilatation of high-grade organic lesion was found to be closely related to the improvement of clinical symptoms and a marked decrease in incidence of ergonovine induced spasms at the angioplasty site in patients with vasospastic angina (VSA). Thus PTCA can be accepted as an alternative therapy to CABG in VSA. In the long term follow up, work load response parameters such as exercise time, % predicted HR, PRP, Mets and the modified treadmill exercise scores improved significantly after the successful PTCA.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Angina, Unstable', 'Angioplasty, Balloon', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Vascular Patency']
| 2,961,898
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.647.187.150', 'C14.907.585.187.150', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500.150'], ['E02.148.050.060', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060', 'E04.502.382.124.060', 'E05.157.016.060'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G09.330.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Equine digital veins are more sensitive to superoxide anions than digital arteries.
|
This work was designed to investigate (i) the effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibition on endothelial function and (ii) the free radical-induced endothelial dysfunction in equine digital veins (EDVs) and equine digital arteries (EDAs) isolated from healthy horses. EDV and EDA rings were suspended in a 5 ml organ bath containing Krebs solution. After a 60 min equilibration period, EDV and EDA rings were contracted with phenylephrine. Then, cumulative concentration-response curves (CCRCs) to acetylcholine were performed. In both EDVs and EDAs, acetylcholine (1 nM to 10 µM) produced concentration-dependent relaxation. We investigated the influence of SOD inhibition by diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC; 100 µM), a CuZnSOD inhibitor, on EDAs and EDVs relaxant responses to acetylcholine. Acetylcholine -mediated relaxation was impaired by DETC only in EDVs. SOD activity assayed by a xanthine-xanthine oxidase method was higher in EDAs compared with EDVs (P<0.05). CCRCs to acetylcholine established in the presence of pyrogallol (30 µM) or homocysteine (20 µM), two superoxide anions generating systems showed that in both EDVs and EDAs, the acetylcholine-mediated relaxation was significantly impaired by pyrogallol and homocysteine. This impairment was more pronounced in EDVs than in EDAs. Moreover, the pyrogallol-induced impairment of acetylcholine-mediated relaxation was potentiated by DETC to a greater extent in EDVs. We concluded that due to the lower activity of SOD, EDVs are more sensitive to superoxide anions than EDAs. So, any alteration of superoxide anions metabolism is likely to have a more important impact on venous rather than arterial relaxation.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Animals', 'Arteries', 'Ditiocarb', 'Forelimb', 'Horses', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Phenylephrine', 'Superoxides', 'Vasoconstrictor Agents', 'Vasodilation', 'Vasodilator Agents', 'Veins']
| 25,014,758
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114'], ['D02.241.081.251.869.220', 'D02.886.706.200'], ['A13.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['E05.481'], ['D02.033.100.291.617', 'D02.092.063.291.617'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['D27.505.954.411.793'], ['G09.330.380.928'], ['D27.505.954.411.918'], ['A07.015.908']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tissue-dissolving capacity and antibacterial effect of buffered and unbuffered hypochlorite solutions.
|
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to compare the dissolving potential of Dakin's solution with that of equivalent buffered and unbuffered sodium hypochlorite solutions on fresh and decayed tissues. In addition, the antimicrobial effect of Dakin's solution and equivalent unbuffered hypochlorite was tested.STUDY DESIGN: Tissue specimens were obtained from freshly dissected pig palates. Unbuffered 2.5% and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solutions and 0.5% solutions buffered at a pH of 12 and a pH of 9 (Dakin's solution) were tested on fresh and decayed tissue. Tissue decay was assessed histologically. Antimicrobial testing was performed with Enterococcus faecalis in dentin blocks and on filter papers.RESULTS: The 2.5% NaOCl solution was substantially more effective than the three 0.5% solutions in dissolving the test tissues. Buffering had little effect on tissue dissolution, and Dakin's solution was equally effective on decayed and fresh tissues. No differences were recorded for the antibacterial properties of Dakin's solution and an equivalent unbuffered hypochlorite solution.CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to earlier statements, the results of this study do not demonstrate any benefit from buffering sodium hypochlorite with sodium bicarbonate according to Dakin's method. An irrigation solution with less dissolving potential may be obtained by simply diluting stock solutions of NaOCl with water.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Anti-Infective Agents, Local', 'Buffers', 'Drug Combinations', 'Enterococcus faecalis', 'Mouth Mucosa', 'Root Canal Irrigants', 'Sodium Bicarbonate', 'Sodium Hypochlorite', 'Swine']
| 12,464,903
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.187'], ['D27.720.470.280'], ['D26.310'], ['B03.353.750.250.250.280', 'B03.510.550.250.250.280'], ['A10.615.550.599', 'A14.549.512'], ['D25.800', 'D27.505.954.122.425.300.500', 'D27.720.274.300.500', 'J01.637.051.800'], ['D01.200.275.150.100.800', 'D01.857.625'], ['D01.210.465.800', 'D01.650.550.400.800', 'D01.857.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Family therapy with unmarried African American mothers and their adolescents.
|
Almost two-thirds of African American births are to unmarried mothers, and these single parents are among the most economically vulnerable in the United States. The effects of chronic stressors such as poverty can compromise the ability of these mothers to parent effectively, particularly during the developmental period of adolescence, typically a stressful phase of parenting. This article describes a multidimensional family therapy (MDFT) approach to working with African American adolescents who have drug and/or behavior problems. It is maintained that addressing the intrapersonal functioning of African American single mothers is vital if they are to re-establish the attachment bonds necessary for the maintenance of essential parental influence in the lives of their adolescents. Through systematic attention to the parent as an individual, leading to a balance between self-care and care for others, parental supervision is more easily achieved and relational impasses between parent and adolescent more equitably resolved.
|
['Adolescent', 'African Americans', 'Family Therapy', 'Humans', 'Mother-Child Relations', 'Parent-Child Relations', 'Parenting', 'Single Parent', 'Stress, Psychological', 'United States']
| 11,802,488
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['F04.754.864.581.273'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.370.290.170'], ['F01.829.263.370.290'], ['F01.829.263.370.310'], ['F01.829.263.315.500.725.700', 'F01.829.263.500.320.785', 'I01.240.361.500.725.700', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500.725.700', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.785', 'M01.620.785', 'N01.224.361.500.725.700', 'N01.824.308.500.725.700'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Short communication: effect of temporary glycosuria on molasses consumption in Holstein calves.
|
This study was conducted to determine the effect of experimentally increased glucose demand on voluntary consumption of molasses by dairy calves. Three-week-old calves received 0.365 g of phlorizin by s.c. injection. Urinary output and molasses consumption were measured hourly, and urinary glucose concentration was screened. Molasses consumption for the 24 h after treatment was (mean +/- SE) 72.0 g (+/-7) for the control group and 142 g (+/-1) for the phlorizin-treated group. Urinary output for the 8-h test period was 1.13 kg for the control group and 1.67 kg for the phlorizin-treated calves. Mean urinary glucose peaked at 10 g/L by 4 h after treatment for calves given phlorizin, whereas the concentration for the control group remained close to 0 g/L. Phlorizin treatment increased voluntary consumption of molasses in 3-wk-old Holstein calves.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Eating', 'Glycosuria', 'Male', 'Molasses', 'Phlorhizin', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Time Factors']
| 18,765,619
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['C12.777.934.363', 'C13.351.968.934.363', 'C18.452.394.937'], ['G07.203.300.662', 'J02.500.662'], ['D09.408.702'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chronic administration of aluminium L-glutamate in young mature rats: effects on iron levels and lipid peroxidation in selected brain areas.
|
Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated the neurotoxicity of aluminium (Al), notably as a result of lipid peroxidation in vitro. We previously showed that Al is able to cross the blood-brain barrier as an L-glutamate complex and be deposited in rat brain. The present work in young mature rats investigated the in vivo effects of chronic Al-L-glutamate treatment on Al and iron movement in plasma and selected brain regions. Brain lipid peroxidation was determined by evaluating the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and analysing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as C20:4n-6 and C22:6n-3. Our results indicate that iron concentration was decreased in plasma and that Al accumulated especially in striatum where iron levels were decreased and in the hippocampus where TBARS were increased without PUFA modifications. These data show that Al administered chronically as an L-glutamate complex is neurotoxic in vivo and thus provides a good model for studying Al toxic mechanisms.
|
['Aluminum', 'Animals', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Glutamates', 'Hippocampus', 'Iron', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Neostriatum', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances']
| 10,048,751
|
[['D01.268.557.050', 'D01.552.547.050'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D10.251.355'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D02.047.700.700', 'D27.720.470.410.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
ERP evidence for conflict in contingency learning.
|
The proportion congruency effect refers to the observation that the magnitude of the Stroop effect increases as the proportion of congruent trials in a block increases. Contemporary work shows that proportion effects can be driven by both context and individual items, and are referred to as context-specific proportion congruency (CSPC) and item-specific proportion congruency (ISPC) effects, respectively. The conflict-modulated Hebbian learning account posits that these effects manifest from the same mechanism, while the parallel episodic processing model posits that the ISPC can occur by simple associative learning. Our prior work showed that the neural correlates of the CSPC is an N2 over frontocentral electrode sites approximately 300 ms after stimulus onset that predicts behavioral performance. There is strong consensus in the field that this N2 signal is associated with conflict detection in the medial frontal cortex. The experiment reported here assesses whether the same qualitative electrophysiological pattern of results holds for the ISPC. We find that the spatial topography of the N2 is similar but slightly delayed with a peak onset of approximately 300 ms after stimulus onset. We argue that this provides strong evidence that a single common mechanism-conflict-modulated Hebbian learning-drives both the ISPC and CSPC.
|
['Cerebral Cortex', 'Conflict, Psychological', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Reaction Time']
| 28,349,582
|
[['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F01.658.209'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of endorphin derivatives on the EEG alterations induced by corticotropin releasing factor in the rabbit hippocampus.
|
Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), injected into the cerebral ventricles (i.c.v.) of rabbits, induced EEG limbic seizures, behavioural excitability, stereotyped behaviour and the tardive enhancement of hippocampal theta voltage and frequency. The beta-endorphin cleavage derivatives des-tyr-gamma-endorphin (DT gamma E) and des-enkephalin-gamma-endorphin (DE gamma E), when injected i.v. for 4 days prevented the EEG ictal seizures induced by CRF in the hippocampus of rabbits and partly prevented the tardive enhancement of theta wave amplitude and frequency. These results suggest the possibility that these peptides may have antiepileptogenic properties.
|
['Animals', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Electroencephalography', 'Endorphins', 'Hippocampus', 'Male', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Rabbits']
| 2,277,803
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.140', 'D12.644.400.400.740.140', 'D12.644.548.365.740.140', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.140'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['D12.644.400.575.241', 'D12.776.631.650.575.241'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D12.644.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Brain responses strongly correlate with Weibull image statistics when processing natural images.
|
The visual appearance of natural scenes is governed by a surprisingly simple hidden structure. The distributions of contrast values in natural images generally follow a Weibull distribution, with beta and gamma as free parameters. Beta and gamma seem to structure the space of natural images in an ecologically meaningful way, in particular with respect to the fragmentation and texture similarity within an image. Since it is often assumed that the brain exploits structural regularities in natural image statistics to efficiently encode and analyze visual input, we here ask ourselves whether the brain approximates the beta and gamma values underlying the contrast distributions of natural images. We present a model that shows that beta and gamma can be easily estimated from the outputs of X-cells and Y-cells. In addition, we covaried the EEG responses of subjects viewing natural images with the beta and gamma values of those images. We show that beta and gamma explain up to 71% of the variance of the early ERP signal, substantially outperforming other tested contrast measurements. This suggests that the brain is strongly tuned to the image's beta and gamma values, potentially providing the visual system with an efficient way to rapidly classify incoming images on the basis of omnipresent low-level natural image statistics.
|
['Biostatistics', 'Contrast Sensitivity', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Humans', 'Models, Neurological', 'Neurons', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Visual Perception']
| 19,757,938
|
[['E05.318.740.237'], ['E01.370.380.850.950.500', 'F02.463.593.778.435.110', 'F02.463.593.932.281', 'F02.463.593.932.901.500', 'G14.940.500'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500.425', 'G11.561.200.500.425', 'G14.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[PHI+], a novel Sup35-prion variant propagated with non-Gln/Asn oligopeptide repeats in the absence of the chaperone protein Hsp104.
|
BACKGROUND: The [PSI+] element of the budding yeast is an aggregated form of the translation release factor Sup35 that is propagated and transmitted cytoplasmically in a manner analogous to that of mammalian prions. The N-terminal of Sup35, necessary for [PSI+], contains oligopeptide repeats and multiple Gln/Asn residues.RESULTS: We replaced the Gln/Asn-rich prion repeats of Sup35 with non-Gln/Asn repeats from heterologous yeast strains. These non-Gln/Asn repeat Sup35s propagated a novel [PSI+] variant, [PHI+], that appeared de novo 103 times more frequent than [PSI+]. [PHI+] was stably inherited in a non-Mendelian fashion, but not eliminated upon the inactivation of Hsp104, unlike known [PSI+] elements. In vitro, non-Gln/Asn repeat domains formed amyloid fibres that were shorter and grew more slowly than did Gln/Asn-rich prion domains, while [PHI+] aggregates were smaller than [PSI+] aggregates in vivo.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the existence of an alternative, Hsp104-independent pathway to replicate non-Gln/Asn variant Sup35 prion seeds.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Asparagine', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'Glycine', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptide Termination Factors', 'Prions', 'Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins']
| 12,839,621
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.125.068.060', 'D12.125.095.165', 'D12.125.154.049'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D12.125.481'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.835.862'], ['D12.776.785'], ['G02.111.570.060.720', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.875'], ['D12.776.354.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tumor-specific hypermethylation of epigenetic biomarkers, including SFRP1, predicts for poorer survival in patients from the TCGA Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC) project.
|
The recent publication of the TCGA Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC) project has provided an immense wealth and breadth of data providing an invaluable tool for confirmation and expansion upon previous observations in a large data set containing multiple data types including DNA methylation, somatic mutation, and clinical information. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) many genes have been demonstrated to be epigenetically inactivated by promoter hypermethylated and in a small number of cases to be associated with clinical outcome. This study created two cohorts based on the Illumina BeadChip array used to confirm the frequency of tumor-specific hypermethylation of these published hypermethylated genes, assess the impact of somatic mutation or chromosomal loss and provide the most comprehensive assessment to date of the association of this hypermethylation with patient survival. Hypermethylation of the Fibrillin 2 (FBN2) gene was the most consistent epigenetic biomarker for CCRCC across both cohorts in 40.2% or 52.5% of tumors respectively. Hypermethylation of the secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) gene and the basonuclin 1 (BNC1) gene were both statistically associated with poorer survival in both cohorts (SFRP1 - p = <0.0001 or 0.0010 and BNC1 - p = <0.0001 or 0.0380) and represented better independent markers of survival than tumor stage, grade or dimension in one cohort and tumor stage or dimension in the other cohort. Loss of the SFRP1 protein can potentially activate the WNT pathway and this analysis highlighted hypermethylation of several other WNT pathway regulating genes and demonstrated a poorer survival outcome for patients with somatic mutation of these genes. The success of demethylating drugs in hematological malignances and the current trials in solid tumors suggest that the identification of clinically relevant hypermethylated genes combined with therapeutic advances may improve the effectiveness and usefulness of such drugs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Cohort Studies', 'CpG Islands', 'DNA Methylation', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Proportional Hazards Models']
| 24,454,902
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['G02.111.570.080.380.160', 'G05.360.080.380.160', 'G05.360.340.024.159'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['G05.308.203'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['D12.776.543'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
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