question
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list | id
stringlengths 1
6
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "25431",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between the following two sentences?\n\n * **お酒は** 机の上にあります。\n * 机の上に **お酒が** あります。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-29T09:15:58.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25423",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-29T14:33:36.077",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-29T12:33:30.167",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "AはBにある versus BにAがある",
"view_count": 339
}
|
[
{
"body": "If I was asked お酒はどこにありますか？ I might respond like this:\n\n> お酒 **は** 机の上にあります。\n\nHere, お酒 is old information (so you use は) and 机の上 is new information.\n\nIf I was asked 机の上には何がありますか？ I might respond like this:\n\n> 机の上に **は** 、お酒があります。\n\nHere, 机の上 is old information and お酒 is new information.\n\nWhen you say:\n\n> 机の上にお酒があります。\n\nboth 机の上 and お酒 are normally new information.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-29T14:33:36.077",
"id": "25431",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-29T14:33:36.077",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "25423",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
25423
|
25431
|
25431
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25428",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I would like to know the correct (colloquial) word for \"somehow\".\n\nFor example, I want to say\n\n> \"I've been feeling out of it _somehow_ lately\".\n\nWhich will be something like\n\n\"最近(なんだか？)ぼーっとしてる\"\n\nOr I want to say,\n\n> \"I saw you reacted (to this) _somehow_ \".\n\nwhich would be something like\n\n\"なんだか反応したと思った\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-29T10:09:47.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25425",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-29T15:28:32.760",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "The correct word to say \"somehow\" in different situations?",
"view_count": 2479
}
|
[
{
"body": "最近なんだかぼーっとしてる is excellent.\n\nI would say なにやら反応したようだね for \"I saw you reacted (to this) somehow\". (Actually,\nどうやら is a better translation for \"somehow\" alone, but どうやら反応したようだね sounds more\nof \"Looks like you reacted\" than \"you reacted somehow\".\n\n何{なに}やら is an adverb formed by なに + やら. I can't give you the exact grammatical\nexplanation for やら, but it helps to add \"vagueness\", \"haziness\", \"obscurity\",\n\"uncertainty\", etc.\n\nやられる is the passive form of やる. やる corresponds to \"to do\" in the very general\nsense (or if you know Latin, it corresponds to \"agere\".)\n\n反応したようだった vs 反応したようだ This is hard to explain. I have the impression that\n反応したようだった corresponds to \"looked to have reacted\" and 反応したようだ corresponds to\n\"looks to have reacted\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-29T13:02:26.883",
"id": "25428",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-29T13:02:26.883",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25425",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "A couple of possible alternatives to @eltonjohn's answers are `なぜか`, `なんとなく`,\nand `どういうわけか`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-29T15:28:32.760",
"id": "25434",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-29T15:28:32.760",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "25425",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
25425
|
25428
|
25428
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From my meager understanding of Middle Japanese, I have learned that, in\nessence, べき is the attributive form and べし is the predicative form (feel free\nto correct me if I'm wrong), but in Modern Japanese, I've definitely seen\nevidence that contradicts this information. Can you just use whichever one you\nwant? What are the rules?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-29T10:34:39.050",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25427",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-30T16:18:50.290",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-30T16:18:50.290",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9596",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"archaic-language"
],
"title": "When to use べき and when to use べし",
"view_count": 1915
}
|
[
{
"body": "In modern Japanese, べし is not used except for in some fossilized expressions.\n\nAs for べき:\n\n 1. Attributively:\n\nべき is still used, although with a slight dated feel to it. In colloquial\ncontexts it would often be expressed as ～ないといけない instead.\n\n 2. Predicatively:\n\nべき is used as a noun:\n\n> 行くべきだ [sby] should go\n\nOr you could say that べきだ is a verbal phrase. I think it makes more sense to\nanalyze the べき without だ as copula-dropping than an actual predicative use of\nべき by itself.\n\nNote that in front of the formal noun の, the noun version is used, not the\nattributive version\n\n> x 行くべきのだ \n> o 行くべきなのだ",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-30T03:10:35.690",
"id": "25443",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-30T03:10:35.690",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1073",
"parent_id": "25427",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
25427
| null |
25443
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25433",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> Woman 1「遠慮しておくわ。私はそういうときは、時間をかけてゆっくりとしたい方だから」\n>\n> そう微笑むと、彩葉さんは席を立った。\n>\n> Woman 1「良ければあなたも、私の金魚を見に来てね。大丈夫。みんながみんな高額なわけではないわ」\n>\n> Guy 1「……約束は難しいですけど、機会があれば」\n>\n> Woman 1「ええ。それでは、失礼いたします」\n>\n> 彩葉さんは、言葉は柔らかいもののどんな言葉にも惑わされず、キッパリと振り切って帰っていった。 \n> 少なくともルカを相手にするのなら、あのくらい毅然とした態度が必要なんだろうな……。\n>\n> Woman 2「ま、そういう趣味でないことはわかっていたけどね」\n>\n> ルカも彩葉を見送りながら、特に残念そうな様子もない。 \n> おそらく、これも初めてのやりとりじゃなかったんだろう。\n>\n> Woman 2「さて、 **そういうことよ** 、クズ」\n>\n> Woman 2「まずは、そのケースの中を確認するわ。出しなさい」\n\nContext: Woman 1 had come over to deliver some Goldfish to Woman 2, and Guy 1\nhad came to deliver some clothes she had ordered. Woman 2 invites Woman 1 to\n\"join them\" but she declines and then we get the rest of the scene that\nfollows. My problem lies with what そいうこと is referring to in this context, as\nthese kind of phrases are highly dependent on context. The only thing I can\nthink of is that it refers to the conversation as a whole and is used to end\ntheir conversation about that after woman 2 left, and to move onto her clothes\nand other things, but this doesn't quite sit right with me. そういうことってどういうこと？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-29T14:08:13.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25429",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-29T15:06:06.400",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-29T14:20:03.320",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "10485",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "What does this そういうことよ mean?",
"view_count": 1486
}
|
[
{
"body": "さて、そういうことよ = \"Well, that's it\".\n\nProbably, she refers to her previous statement そういう趣味でないことはわかっていたけどね by \"it\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-29T14:35:48.340",
"id": "25432",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-29T14:35:48.340",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25429",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "そういうこと = 彩葉さんが、誘いを断って帰っていったという結果・状況。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-29T15:06:06.400",
"id": "25433",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-29T15:06:06.400",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "25429",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
25429
|
25433
|
25433
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25626",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I still have trouble with the は and が particles.\n\n> ほどなくして神様達はこの下界に住み付いた。多くの神様達 **が** 永住することを決めたらしい。\n\nWhy does が have to be used here?\n\nWhat difference would it make if it were replaced with は instead?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-29T14:08:28.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25430",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-12T09:10:26.493",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-30T16:18:17.343",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"particle-が",
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "Why is が used here?",
"view_count": 458
}
|
[
{
"body": "2番目の文で「が」を使ったことには、いくつかの理由があると思います。\n\n一部、想像ですが、\n\n * 作者が、「は」を繰り返すより、2番目を「が」にした方が美しいと感じたから\n * 「が」の場合は、「自らの意思で」などの(積極的に何かをしたという)意味を含むから\n * あまり意識せずに使った\n * 2番目で「は」を使うと、「それ以外の神様は、別のことをした」という意味が生まれるから\n\n「は」は、水彩画の薄い絵の具で塗り分けるようなイメージ、 \n「が」は、ボールペンのような、はっきりとした線で境界を描くイメージがあります。\n\n「は」は、「○○のうち、△△は □□した。(それ以外は xxした。)」というように、「一部が」というニュアンスを強調することになります。\n\n* * *\n\nWith 「が」: \"Many gods decided to live\"\n\nWith 「は」: \"Many gods decided to live, but others ...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T19:54:19.323",
"id": "25626",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-12T09:10:26.493",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-12T09:10:26.493",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "6798",
"parent_id": "25430",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
25430
|
25626
|
25626
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25440",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the sentence including the word.\n\n> あぶねえ！ へやの **すみっちょ** にいってろ\n\nI have found an entry read 隅{すみ} **っこ** meaning 'corner' but I'm not sure if\nit is the same meaning as the word in question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-29T16:31:30.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25435",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-30T16:17:31.257",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-30T16:17:31.257",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"dialects"
],
"title": "What does the word 「すみっちょ」 mean?",
"view_count": 255
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, it means すみっこ. They say it's\n[静岡{しずおか}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E5%B2%A1%E7%9C%8C) dialect.\n[Source 1](http://muhihouse.com/Japanese/2007/03/post_10.html)・[Source\n2](http://mixi.jp/view_bbs.pl?comm_id=190872&id=6178583)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-29T23:36:02.387",
"id": "25440",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-30T04:26:19.277",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-30T04:26:19.277",
"last_editor_user_id": "1797",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "25435",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
25435
|
25440
|
25440
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25454",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to translate some text, but I hit a sentence that I could not\nunderstand completely.\n\n> 悪いんだがここ **片付けといてくれ**\n\nFrom what I read up to now, this means something like \"This place is in bad\nshape. Clean it.\" roughly speaking, but I am having trouble understanding the\n片付けといてくれ part.\n[jisho.org](http://jisho.org/search/%E7%89%87%E4%BB%98%E3%81%91%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8C)\nsimplifies it to 片付けて, but there seems to be so much lost in this\nsimplification. What exactly does this extra part mean?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-30T05:16:11.897",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25444",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-01T05:16:03.493",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-30T16:16:37.140",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10492",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does 「片付けといてくれ」 mean?",
"view_count": 379
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would like to wrap up.\n\n〜しておく = (be sure) to do 〜\n\n悪いんだが (<- 悪い + の + だ + が)= sorry to trouble you but\n\n片付けといてくれ = 片付け + て + おい (<- おく) + て + くれ\n\nwhere くれ is a casual (and somewhat curt) form of ください (= please).\n\nThus, together\n\n悪いんだがここ片付けといてくれ = would you mind cleaning up this place (while I am out)?\n\nBut the original phrase sounds much less polite. So I would suggest \"Mind\ncleaning up this place, will ya? (Coz I wanna go out.)\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-01T05:16:03.493",
"id": "25454",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-01T05:16:03.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25444",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
25444
|
25454
|
25454
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25465",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "This occurrence appears to happen when the speaker is trying to sound cute, or\nis possibly under the influence of something... They break one of the words\ninto syllables or characters, with pauses in between where they broke up the\nword.\n\nFor an archetypal example:\n\n> ご飯にする？お風呂にする？それとも、 **あ・た・し** ？ \n> \"Do you want dinner? Or do you want a bath? Or do you want _me_?\"\n\nOr, when one character confesses their love to another, you might hear だ・い・す・き\n_da-i-su-ki_ \"I-love-you\".",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-30T16:28:11.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25450",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-12T04:23:07.657",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-11T21:49:40.720",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"spoken-language",
"anime"
],
"title": "Why are words sometimes broken into syllables when said?",
"view_count": 554
}
|
[
{
"body": "I've heard it a few times myself and the subtitles do tend to either spell out\nthe English letters or break up the syllables. While the characters of many\nlanguages (including Romance, Germanic, and Semitic languages) have names, the\nsame is not true of Japanese, Chinese, or other Asiatic languages.\n\nCharacters will sometimes break up their speech in anime for the same reason\nthat you have unnatural breaks in English movies. (\"This. Is. Sparta!\") I'm\nsure it _can_ have violent overtones in Japanese just as it can have playful\novertones in English. It all depends on the context and presentation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-30T18:45:12.800",
"id": "25451",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-30T18:45:12.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9569",
"parent_id": "25450",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Japanese is not as [tonal of a\nlanguage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_\\(linguistics\\)) as English with\nits rhythmic iambic pentameter (English is said to be [\"a stress-timed\nlanguage\"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology#Rhythm)) or\n[Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese_phonology#Tones)\n(Japanese does have some tones, such as _kami_ [paper] vs. _kami_ [god] vs.\n_kami_ [hair] or _hashi_ [bridge] and _hashi_ [chopsticks]). In English,\nemphasis is often accomplished by changing the tonal stress of the sentence.\nFor example, \"What are you [doing NOW]{LLLLLLHHH}?\" or \"[What are YOU doing\nnow?!]{LLLLLLLLLHHHLLLLLLLLLLL}\" or \"[What ARE you doing\nnow?!]{LLLLLHHHLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL}\" or \"[WHAT ]{HHHHL} are you doing now?!\"\nBecause Japanese does not default to this, enunciating syllables with pauses\nis an alternate way to create emphasis in a sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-02T03:03:43.437",
"id": "25465",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-02T04:23:41.547",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-02T04:23:41.547",
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"owner_user_id": "4547",
"parent_id": "25450",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I've pretty much only heard separation of syllables in those contexts when an\nanime character is being super flirty/seductive. It is most commonly used in\nthis way with わたし and あたし, and sometimes with 大好き and 秘密. It has a pretty\nspecific tone of voice when being used in this manner too.\n\nOf course, separation of syllables can also be used to just \"spell\" words,\nalthough I feel that it would often come off as angry-sounding or insulting to\nthe other person's intelligence if you do it just to add emphasis. A better\nway to express emphasis in a casual, friendly context would be to repeat the\nword you are emphasizing at the end of the sentence.\n\n> 私だよ。私。 \n> It's _me_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-12T04:23:07.657",
"id": "25635",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-12T04:23:07.657",
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"score": 0
}
] |
25450
|
25465
|
25465
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25455",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have heard a couple of times now the て form of a verb followed by て (or\nperhaps it was って?) used as an imperative. Some examples are 見てて and 黙ってて,\nwhen asking someone to look and be quiet respectively.\n\nI am also aware of [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/948/what-does-the-\nfinal-%E3%81%A6-in-%E5%BE%85%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%A6-signify), but in that\ncircumstance, the listener is being asked to \"stay waiting\" as I understand.\nHowever, in the case of 見てて, this interpretation seems odd when all that's\nneeded is a quick look. (A child was asking the father to look at a toy)\n\nI assume the phrase is still a contraction of 見ていて, but how should I\nunderstand it, and what is the difference between this and 見て? What about\nother verbs?\n\n**Edit**\n\n[Here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgbQCbTYX3U&feature=youtu.be&t=5m53s)\nis an example usage of 見てて in a similar situation.",
"comment_count": 14,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-01T00:50:10.637",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25452",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-01T05:46:32.253",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"て-form"
],
"title": "て form followed by て, 「見てて」",
"view_count": 2295
}
|
[
{
"body": "I believe that it is simply a more emphatic way to give the very same command.\nThe politeness of this inflection seems to be dependent on the tone in which\nthe command is given (perhaps rank/level plays a role too). For instance, your\ntwo examples seem pretty neutral, but I have also heard things like:\n\nEDIT: My first example was erroneous and actually an example of the 出て行って\ncontraction which translates as \"get out and stay out!\", and can apparently be\nfurther shortened to 出てって\n\n> 待ってて - Wait! ~ \"Hey guys... waiiit!\" (spoken with more of a annoyed whine)\n\nAs such, this seems to be more of a spoken construct, allowing for tone to\nhelp convey the fully intended \"politness.\"\n\nEDIT: I think it does make the command come across more as a DEMAND; not doing\nwhat is asked in a 「〜てて」 command will likely lead to unfavorable outcomes (the\nkid with the toy would cry and pester the father, the person that requested\nyou to shut up will get more frustrated as you continue to talk, etc).\n\nEDIT 2: I found [this article which has an\nexample](http://www.japaneseammo.com/differences-\nbetween-%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6-and-%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%A6-brb-\nin-japanese/) comparing and contrasting two sentences, one using 見て and the\nother 見てて:\n\n> 「見て！あの雲、ハートの形してる！」 Look! That cloud is shaped like heart!\n>\n> 「すぐ戻るから、テレビでも見てて。」 I’ll be right back, so watch TV or something.\n\nBut still, this doesn't quite fit with what I imagine/interpret that little\ngirl is saying in your video... although perhaps it translates to something\nlike\n\n> 「見てて」 Hey, look at this/me/it for a minute, please...",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-01T01:07:34.320",
"id": "25453",
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{
"body": "I think you have almost grasped the \"tournure\" and I have few to contribute,\nbut...\n\n> I assume the phrase is still a contraction of 見ていて\n\nThat's correct. As for the example, the girl in the film says おとう、見てて. That\ncorresponds to \"Look at me (doing this), Dad.\"\n\n> it would mean something like \"check out this website (and continue doing so\n> for a nontrivial period of time)\"? Similarly, 黙ってて would mean \"be quiet, and\n> stay quiet\"?\n\nYes, I guess so. Of course, you need context to be more precise, but I can\nhardly think of other possibilities.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-01T05:46:32.253",
"id": "25455",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 4
}
] |
25452
|
25455
|
25455
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "```\n\n 「あの天使が居ないのが気になるわけ？」\n \n 「え、な、なにを」\n \n 「顔に気持ちがすぐ出る男って仕事できないらしいわよ」\n \n 「情けない反応ねぇ まぁ、天使がいないだけ空気がいいんだけど」\n \n```\n\nContext: He notices that she (the angel) hasn't showed up for dinner and and\nshe notices that he's thinking about this.\n\nMy question is about what kind of 反応 counts as a 情けない反応 as I'm not sure\nwhether it refers to his initial reaction(when he was told a bit earlier that\nthe other person would be eating dinner separately from them, which was what\nled her to make that initial comment) or whether it refers to his lack of\nreaction to her verbal jab at him.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-01T07:58:30.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25456",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "usage of 情けない反応",
"view_count": 196
}
|
[
{
"body": "Japanese still have gender awareness and often push gender role (or bias)\nagainst someone unconsciously. Expected behavior of man are being confident,\ndeciding quickly, and hiding feelings, especially, negative feelings. In\nJapanese, these behavior are called 「男らしい」.\n\nIn ウィズダム和英辞典,「情けない」is translated as below:\n\n```\n\n 〖みじめな〗miserable, ｟書｠ wretched (!後の方が程度が強い) ; 〖哀れを誘う〗pitiful, ｟やや書｠ pitiable (!軽蔑の感情を含む) ; 〖恥ずべき〗shameful; 〖嘆かわしい〗deplorable.\n \n```\n\nIn this context,「情けない」 means \"shameful or deplorable as a man\"-- in\nJapanese,「男らしくない」, i.e. \"You are less confident, slow in deciding, and upset.\"\nHer second comment contains a word 「男」 would support this interpretation.\n\nSince he could not make any comment between her second and third comment, she\ndescribed this behavior as 情けない. So, your expectation \"it refers to his lack\nof reaction to her verbal jab at him\" is correct.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-08-28T19:13:51.167",
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}
] |
25456
| null |
27699
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25458",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In my understanding, 増えてきました means \"started to increase\". If my understanding\nis correct, I think I can ask as follows\n\n> このグラフによると、カイロの人口がいつ増えてきましたか?\n\nand the answer must be 1976. What do you think?\n\n",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-01T09:36:30.337",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25457",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-07-01T10:01:19.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "9896",
"owner_user_id": "9896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is it valid to ask このグラフによると、カイロの人口がいつ増えてきましたか?",
"view_count": 725
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can say:\n\n> このグラフによると(orよれば)、カイロの人口 **は** いつ(ごろ)から増えてきましたか？ \n> or \n> このグラフによると(orよれば)、カイロの人口 **は** いつ(ごろ)から増え始めましたか？",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-01T09:54:52.687",
"id": "25458",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"score": 3
}
] |
25457
|
25458
|
25458
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across a sentence and was wondering what the と in it functions as, as\nwell as the exact meaning of 色々\n\n> 色々とお母さん、 言いたい事が溜まってるの\n\nThe context is that a high school boy has been doing things that his mother\ndisapproves of, and his mother has been tolerating them but one day told him\nto sit on the floor and said the sentence above.\n\nI'm thinking that it's quoting the mother's thoughts, and that an unspoken あって\nfollows と. Furthermore, I'm thinking that the 色々 is there to remove the need\nof completely telling what happened along with the feelings the mother may\nhave and just say \"various things\".\n\nMy translation is: \"Various things (many things along with her\nfeelings/opinions on them unspoken) happened and I have a lot of things I want\nto say (lit. things I want to say are accumulating/piling up)\"\n\nIs this correct? \nIf it is, can あって be replaced by 思って, making the sentence to mean that she has\nbeen thinking on various things instead of various things happened\"?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-01T12:00:57.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25459",
"last_activity_date": "2016-07-04T01:18:46.130",
"last_edit_date": "2016-04-04T11:26:24.277",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "10503",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Use of と and meaning of 色々 in this sentence",
"view_count": 1899
}
|
[
{
"body": "色々と = various, all kinds of.\n\nお母さん = mother (of course!) In this case she addresses herself \"mother\" rather\nthan \"I / me\" to emphasise that she is extremely irritated.\n\n言いたい事 = things (I want) to say.\n\n溜まってる (<- 溜まっている) = to have built up, to have piled up, to have accumulated.\n\nThus\n\n> 色々とお母さん、 言いたい事が溜まってるの\n\n= \"Your mother has MANY things to tell you, okay?\"",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-02T02:20:09.130",
"id": "25464",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I don’t feel the nuance of 色々とあって from the mother’s remark, 「色々とお母さん、\n言いたい事が溜まってるの」. To me it sounds like she is only saying, “Mom has a lot of\nthing (piled up) that I want to tell you.”\n\n「いろいろと」 simply means “various.” Of course, many things should have happened\nbefore the mom made this remark. Her son made a lot of things that vexed her.\nBut that is an unsaid part, not mentioned in the quoted statement.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-04T00:38:34.363",
"id": "34627",
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"score": 0
}
] |
25459
| null |
25464
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25473",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Both 青々とした and 青々した essentially mean green. Is there any difference between\nthe two expressions?\n\neg. from JapanesePod101:\n\n> 羊｛ひつじ｝が青々｛あおあお｝した芝生｛しばふ｝を食べている。\n>\n> The sheep is eating the green grass.\n\nWould adding the extra と after 青々 change anything?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-01T15:42:08.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25460",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-02T15:37:44.557",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3848",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Difference between 青々とした and 青々した?",
"view_count": 269
}
|
[
{
"body": "Same meaning. I think it is a matter of Rhythm.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-02T07:21:00.153",
"id": "25470",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-02T07:21:00.153",
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{
"body": "「[青々]{あおあお}とした[芝生]{しばふ}」 has the same meaning as 「青々した芝生」. 「と」 makes no\ndifference to the meaning. Both expressions are often used in Japan.\n\nI'm Japanese and forgot details about Japanese language grammar after\ngraduation. But I think I know how to use Japanese language. So please let me\ntry to explain the usage difference between 「青々した」 and 「青々とした」.\n\n###\n\n## 「青々した」\n\nis commonly used in everyday spoken Japanese, especially when someone wants to\nexpress her/his feelings (like amazement, pleasure, excitement, admiration,\nuncomfortableness etc). It totally depends on the tone but in most cases, I\nthink, 「青々した」 implies the speaker's emotion stronger than 「青々とした」. For\nexample, if someone talks to me like this,\n\n> 「[見]{み}て、[山]{やま}が[青々]{あおあお}してる」(spoken, casual)\n\nI would expect the next word coming like 「きれいだねえ」 or 「すごいね〜」 or something like\nthat. If it's\n\n> 「見て、山が青々としてる」(spoken, casual),\n\nthe next thing I would guess the speaker might talk is\n「この[辺]{あた}りは[夏]{なつ}がくるのが[早]{はや}いね」 or 「あの青さは[杉]{すぎ}かな。あ、[花粉症]{かふんしょう}？」 or\nsomething like that.\n\n###\n\nPlease note that these kinds of nuance are what I feel. Not universal rules.\n\nHere are some more examples of 「青々した」;\n\n> 「いただきもののキュウリが、青々してて[美味]{おい}しそう」 (spoken, casual, feeling)\n\n> 「よかった、うちの[畑]{はたけ}もやっと青々してきた」 (spoken, casual, feeling)\n\n> 「ねえお[母]{かあ}さん、お[父]{とう}さんが[髭]{ひげ}[剃]{そ}ったあとの（[肌]{はだ}の）青々した[感]{かん}じ、[好]{す}き？」\n> (spoken, casual, feeling)\n\n###\n\n## 「青々とした」\n\nis also commonly used in everyday spoken Japanese and could be very emotional,\nbut I think, it's generally used to explain the appearance or impression of\nthings. In [敬語]{けいご} conversation, 「青々とした」 is more appropriate to use than\n「青々した」 in many cases. 「青々とした」is preferred in written Japanese if it's not\npersonal writing. The examples of these are\n\n>\n> 「この[青々]{あおあお}とした[香]{かお}りを[１日]{いちにち}[１回]{いっかい}[嗅]{か}ぐと、[寿命]{じゅみょう}がのびるらしい」(spoken,\n> explanation)\n\n> 「[料理]{りょうり}の[先生]{せんせい}から、青々とした[立派]{りっぱ}な[ピーマン]{ぴいまん}をいただきました」(spoken, Keigo)\n\n> 青々とした[海]{うみ}の[見]{み}える[部屋]{へや}で、その[インタビュー]{いんたびゅう}は[行]{おこな}われた。(written,\n> explanation)\n\n###\n\nSo, the words 「青々した」 and 「青々とした」 have the same meaning. They also have the\nsame nuance in most cases, but sometimes their nuances are different. 「青々した」\ncan be more friendly than 「青々とした」, and 「青々とした」 can be more polite than 「青々した」\nin some cases.\n\n###\n\n> 羊が青々した芝生を食べている。\n\n> 羊が青々とした芝生を食べている。\n\nIn this case, these sentences have the same meaning and almost same nuance.\nIt's not [敬語]{けいご}, it's not a formal report, and there is no context. So,\nwhether to add 「と」 is totally the author's preference.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-02T15:37:44.557",
"id": "25473",
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"score": 3
}
] |
25460
|
25473
|
25473
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "25462",
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"body": "> 不自由 **とは** 無縁の生活を捨てて、神様は不便極まるこの世界にのめり込んでいった。\n\nIs it defining something?\n\nAlso in the second part, is the に particle before the intransitive verb\nomitted or does it not require it?\n\n> 神様は **不便極まる** この世界にのめり込んでいった。\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-01T17:40:15.183",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25461",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-03T21:38:37.487",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-01T20:20:17.250",
"last_editor_user_id": "10316",
"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What function does とは have here? Is に omitted here?",
"view_count": 270
}
|
[
{
"body": "とは is used descriptively here, much like 〜とは違う. In this sentence, you should\nbe looking at とは無縁 all together.\n\n> 不自由 _とは無縁_ の生活 \"life _free from_ inconvenience\"\n\nNot as easy to translate to English, but easy to see from examples how it's\nused in Japanese (see\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/159809/m0u/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF/>). It's a\ncombination of the particles と and は\n\nAs for the 2nd part you added after I initially posted, no, に isn't being\nexcluded here. Expressions which take 〜極まる don't take に between them and the\n極まる part. For example:\n\n> 進退極まる\n>\n> 迷惑極まる\n>\n> 感極まって言葉も出ない",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-01T19:40:56.193",
"id": "25462",
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25461
|
25462
|
25462
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{
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"body": "I am learning Japanese and I was wondering how to say something like this:\n\n> The [noun] that I can't [verb] is [verb].\n\nFor example,\n\n> The cat that I can't understand is talking.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-01T20:48:20.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25463",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-18T11:51:40.683",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-18T11:40:29.457",
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"owner_user_id": "10507",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"syntax",
"relative-clauses",
"subjects"
],
"title": "Complex subjects like “The [noun] that I can't [verb] is [verb]”",
"view_count": 444
}
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[
{
"body": "Like in English, Japanese nouns can be modified by phrases. The sentence you\ngave could be broken into:\n\n * A cat is talking. ねこはしゃべっている。\n\n * I don't understand the cat. わたしはねこがわからない。\n\nCombined, they yield:\n\n> The cat **I don't understand** is talking.\n>\n> **わたしがわからない** ねこは しゃべっている。\n\nAs you can see, one can simply prefix the noun with a descriptive phrase. It\nsimply takes the place of an adjective.\n\nAnother example (from [Tae Kim's\nGuide](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/clause)):\n\n> **先週【せんしゅう】映画【えいが】を見【み】た** 人【ひと】は 誰【だれ】？\n>\n> Who is person who **watched movie last week**?\n\nThe noun being modified is also not required to be the subject of the relative\nclause:\n\n> これは **わたしのたべる** おにぎり です。\n>\n> This is the rice ball that **I will eat**.\n\nNote that, as in this example, が is converted to の in relative clauses. That\nis a separate topic though.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-02T04:27:23.120",
"id": "25466",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"parent_id": "25463",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Always keep in mind that Japanese is a head-final language and will put\nmodifying clauses after the head.\n\nFor example, your sentence can be broken down as: the cat (that I can't\nunderstand) is talking. In Japanese this would be (私がわからない)猫は喋っている as\nseafood258 already stated. Japanese does not use words such as that or which,\nand will place the modifying clause immediately before what is being modified.\nAnother example is (走っている人)が会社員でしょうか ->Is the man (that is running) is a\nbusinessman?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-02T04:48:54.893",
"id": "25467",
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}
] |
25463
| null |
25466
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25469",
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"body": "Here is the conversation that includes the word.\n\n> A: そんな つめてえこといわないで... \n> ひと目{め}で **いいんスよ** ほんのちょいとあうだけでいいんだから\n>\n> B: だめっていったら だめーっ\n\nAnd I'm curious why the syllable 「ス」 in the word has to be written in\nkatakana?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-02T05:59:40.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25468",
"last_activity_date": "2015-08-17T10:56:17.370",
"last_edit_date": "2015-08-17T10:56:17.370",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"colloquial-language",
"contractions"
],
"title": "What does the word 「いいんスよ」 mean?",
"view_count": 604
}
|
[
{
"body": "ス in this case is a colloquial shortening of です.\n\nI think the reason people write it with Katakana is that it makes it easier to\ntell that's a new word rather than んす being a typographical error for\nsomething else.\n\nIf you look for っす you can find entries that explain that this is a [丁寧]{ていねい}\ncolloquialism (<http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A3%E3%81%99>). Our\nfearless moderator points out that the small-つ is probably avoided due to\n\"superheavy syllable\" it creates.\n\nI decode the sentences as follows:\n\n> A: そんな冷たいことを言わないで、一目でいいんですよ。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-02T06:14:39.083",
"id": "25469",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-02T09:27:23.033",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-02T09:27:23.033",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "4091",
"parent_id": "25468",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
25468
|
25469
|
25469
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Where does ～げ come from? For example in\n\n> 地震の影響で工場を閉じることになったと説明する社長は **悔しげ** だった。\n\nit is supposed to mean that we get a slight impression that the manager was\n\"regretful\" while explaining why the factory had to stop.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-02T13:20:54.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25472",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-02T15:23:53.043",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-02T15:23:53.043",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4419",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Where does げ come from?",
"view_count": 70
}
|
[] |
25472
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25475",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am currently playing a Visual Novel, and there's a character who ends all of\nher sentences with that 『なのよさ』(This is 蒔菜{まきな} from the Grisaia VN series).\nFrom what I understood that has to do with 関西方言{かんさいほうげん} (Kansai dialect),\nbut I can't find anything on the Internet concerning that...",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-02T16:34:59.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25474",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-02T16:56:51.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10514",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions",
"slang",
"dialects",
"kansai-ben"
],
"title": "What does 『なのよさ』 at the end of a sentence mean?",
"view_count": 616
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are four main parts to consider:\n\n 1. な (the form of the copula before の ~~だ~~ )\n 2. の ~~だ~~ (which has a wide range of uses and is highly context-dependent)\n 3. よ (an interactional particle)\n 4. さ (another interactional particle)\n\nThe last three are all **highly context dependent**. But the character ends\n**all** of their sentences with them, right? They just pile them all on with\nno regard for context or meaning.\n\n**So the meaning doesn't really matter.**\n\nThis is just a fictional character who's been given a special way of speaking\nthat makes them stand out. They aren't really using なの or よ or さ the way\nthey're typically used in Japanese. This sort of thing is pretty common in\nfiction; I wouldn't worry too much about it.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-02T16:56:51.457",
"id": "25475",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-02T16:56:51.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "25474",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
25474
|
25475
|
25475
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25479",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering why is the sound \"cha\" spelled with a ゃ rather than a ぁ. \nきゃ, for example, is \"kya\"; so shouldn't ちゃ be more like... \"chya\"? The same\ngoes for しゃ. \nI suppose \"sha\" and \"cha\" kind of already sound like \"shya\" and \"chya\",\nrespectively; is this why or is there another reason? \nAdditionally, is there even such a thing as a small ぁ, if ゃ has this role\nanyway?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-02T20:49:31.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25478",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-03T00:34:56.717",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10518",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"spelling"
],
"title": "Why is the sound \"cha\" spelled as ちゃ rather than ちぁ?",
"view_count": 1080
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is far from being a silly question. For one thing, the half-sized vowels\n(ぁ、ぃ、ぅ、ぇ、ぉ） didn't actually exist in the first place. They are mainly used\nwhile writing down a spoken sentence where the speaker insisted on the vowels,\neven more than the actual word would require. For example, you could find the\nsentence 「とぉぉても嬉{うれ}しいです！」 in a manga, that would mean that the character\nstrongly insisted on the お sound in 「とても」. In English you would simply report\nthat as \"I'm veeeeery happy!\".\n\nNow, going back to the main subject. The Japanese is initially an only-spoken\nlanguage, their writing system is entirely taken from the Chinese, even the\nkanas, which are all _largely_ simplified kanjis. In our case that matters\nbecause **even before** their writing system was invented, the sounds \"cha\",\n\"chu\" and \"cho\" existed, but not \"che\", \"chya\", \"chyu\" and \"chyo\", so the\n\"cha\"&co. took their place in the writing system. Why bother to create a new\nnotation for something which works the same way as the other consonnants when\nthere's a system which works just fine? Of course, the same goes with the sh-\n(and its j- derivative).\n\nHope my explanations were clear enough, I tried my best for explaining a\nJapanese fact in English, while being French.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-03T00:34:56.717",
"id": "25479",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-03T00:34:56.717",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10514",
"parent_id": "25478",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
25478
|
25479
|
25479
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It seems like they both mean the same, young man. What is the difference\nbetween them?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-03T03:05:39.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25480",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-03T12:54:26.193",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-03T11:41:49.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "10352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nouns"
],
"title": "What makes 『青年』 and 『少年』 different?",
"view_count": 608
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to this site:\n<http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1312853>\n\n`少年` is used for persons till 20 years (or depending on the law from\nelementary school till 18 years)\n\n`青年` is used for persons from 14/15 years till 24/25 years.\n\nAlso you should take care, that 青年 and 少年 can be used for females, too. (See\ncomments from eltonjohn and snailboat.)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-03T04:08:39.070",
"id": "25484",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-03T12:54:26.193",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-03T12:54:26.193",
"last_editor_user_id": "9538",
"owner_user_id": "9538",
"parent_id": "25480",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
25480
| null |
25484
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25485",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In Japanese, is there a word or expression for the game where someone posts a\npicture of a place, and others have to find where it is, or even take the same\npicture?\n\nIf there is no specific word, what would be the shortest/easiest expression?\n\n* * *\n\n# Example:\n\n_Where in Tokyo was this picture taken?_\n",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-03T03:28:00.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25481",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-03T04:47:16.183",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "107",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How to call the game where you have to find where a picture was taken?",
"view_count": 303
}
|
[
{
"body": "How about...\n\n[「場所当てゲーム」](https://www.google.co.jp/webhp?sourceid=chrome-\ninstant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#newwindow=1&q=%22%E5%A0%B4%E6%89%80%E5%BD%93%E3%81%A6%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%22)\n\n[「場所当てクイズ」](https://www.google.co.jp/webhp?sourceid=chrome-\ninstant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#newwindow=1&q=%22%E5%A0%B4%E6%89%80%E5%BD%93%E3%81%A6%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BA%22)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-03T04:47:16.183",
"id": "25485",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-03T04:47:16.183",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "25481",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
25481
|
25485
|
25485
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> SMAP香取、フット岩尾に激ギレされた\n\nWhat does 激ギレ mean?\n\nIt is not on ALC and Google has nothing for 激ギレとは. \nIs it a particular form of frustration/angriness? Does it always have to\ninclude the act of venting out, or can it be 100% inside the head with no\nexternally visible behavior modification?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-03T03:39:22.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25482",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-03T04:02:10.363",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "107",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"meaning"
],
"title": "The meaning of 激ギレ",
"view_count": 143
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's `激` for `激しい・非常に` and the `ギレ` comes from `切れる・キレる`, so it means \"to\nsnap\", \"to lose one's temper\" in an extensive manner. Maybe you could say \"to\nfreak out\" in terms of anger. Because it's `激`, you're good to think of an\nexternally visible behavior.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-03T04:02:10.363",
"id": "25483",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-03T04:02:10.363",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9538",
"parent_id": "25482",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
25482
| null |
25483
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25493",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm trying to read a light novel for the first time and it's been confusing so\nfar, what with the historical present tense and everything, but I mostly\nmanaged through until I got to this one scene.\n\nAna is a girl who can enter other peoples bodies, and is currently in the body\nof an old man, Oniwaka. Then, he teammate Daiki suddenly uhh harrasses the old\nman, so to say.\n\n> なぜ、そんなことをしたのか、自分でも分からない。気がつけば、ダイキはアナの……鬼若の尻をさっと撫でていた。\n>\n> 「キャッ」鬼若が……鬼若の姿をした、アナがぴょんっと跳び上がった。「なにするんですか！？」\n>\n> 「ずっと気になってたんだが……そんななりをしてても、やっぱり『キャッ』て言っちゃうんだな」\n\nSo translated,\n\n> Even Daiki himself didn't know why he did such a thing. He realised that he\n> had quickly stroked Ana's...Oniwaka's buttock.\n>\n> \"Kya!\" Oniwaka...Ana, who was in Oniwaka's body, jumped up. \"What are you\n> doing?!\"\n>\n> \"I've always been curious but...even in a body like that, you still say\n> 'kyaa', huh.\"\n\nBut, this is confusing me slightly. First it's said that Daiki doesn't know\nwhy he did it, and then he makes that comment about being curious as to how\nAna would react in such a body. So then that would mean that he did it because\nhe was curious- but then not knowing why he did it would be a contradiction to\nthat.\n\nSo I looked up なぜ and saw it could be used to ask for either reason or cause,\nand I thought that second option made more sense. If the sentence wasn't meant\nin the 'he didn't know /why/ he did that' sense, but in the 'he didn't know\nwhat /caused/ him to do that' sense. Since he had a clear motive for it.\n\nI've been thinking about this paragraph for a few hours now so my head feels\ntoo muddled to tell if I'm right or not though. Could someone explain this\napparent contradiction?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-03T07:35:31.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25486",
"last_activity_date": "2015-08-03T06:46:38.603",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10520",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"nuances",
"connotation"
],
"title": "Nuances in context- なぜそんなことをしたのか - why he did it, or what caused him to do it?",
"view_count": 283
}
|
[
{
"body": "I, for one, do not find this to be a contradiction because:\n\nIt is the **_narrator_** who says 「なぜ、そんなことをしたのか、自分でも分からない。」 and it is\n**_Daiki_** who says 「ずっと気になってたんだが・・」.\n\nThere may be a slight discrepancy in content between the two, but I just do\nnot think it serious enough to call a \"contradiction\".\n\nThe question (to me) is: \"Should we hold the narrator responsible for these\nincidents in light novels?\" My own answer would be negative because if one\nrequired such perfectly calculated and executed phrases, one could not read\nlight novels in the first place.\n\nI would refrain from judging this novel by the short passage provided this\ntime, but spendng hours on this passage alone might not prove very productive\nin the end. I admire your prudence as a foreign language learner, but as a\nJapanese-speaker, I could assure you that this is not a particularly serious\nproblem (though I am saying this with no knowledge of the larger context).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-04T01:04:47.013",
"id": "25493",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-04T01:04:47.013",
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{
"body": "I think rather than a contradiction, it's just a way of the author showing how\nDaiki acted on impulse.\n\nLook at the tenses of the first sentence 「なぜ、そんなことを **した** のか、自分でも **分からない**\n。気がつけば、ダイキはアナの……鬼若の尻をさっと **撫でていた** 。」\n\nSo that's simple past tense 'した', historical present like you said for\n'分からない', and, most tellingly, past perfect for '撫でていた'. So the thought of\nDaiki not knowing why he did it is _immediately after he realises what he\ndid_. He's stunned because he moved without thinking, acted without realising,\nand doesn't know why he did it **in that moment**.\n\nThus, **it isn't a contradiction** if Daiki knows his reason later on, because\nthe moment Daiki didn't know why was a historical present tense moment\n**immediately after** he had committed the action, **not** a continuously\nlasting state. I believe the author stated Daiki himself didn't know why he\ndid it there as a way to emphasise how Daiki had acted on complete impulse ala\ncuriosity.\n\nThat's my solid answer. The rest is a bit more built on assumptions:\n\nFrom what I've read here, I don't personally think Daiki _does_ know his\nreason for doing it. Yes, he says he's always been curious, but he doesn't say\nit as an explanation, he says it while commenting on Ana's reaction \"I've\nalways been curious but your reaction was like this after all etc\"\n\nI mean, 'I've always been curious' isn't the same as 'I was overwhelmed by\ncuriosity'. One is a passive state of curiosity, the other is an active action\nfueled by curiosity. If being curious was a reason for groping people while\nthey're in other bodies, then Daiki would've long given into the impulse by\nnow (I'm assuming here that he and Ana have known each other for a while since\nhe says ずっと). There's a difference between being curious about a reaction, and\nwanting to create a scenario to observe that reaction despite social\nconsequences.\n\nSo, about the なぜ sentence, again, I think you're concentrating too much on the\nwhy and not enough of the when. You're thinking of it as 'even he didn't know\n**why he would do** such a thing', when it's saying 'even he didn't know why\nhe **did** such a thing'. It's focusing on the **completed past action** ,\nrather than a general question. It's _why he actually went and did it in that\nmoment_ , rather than why he would do it. Which makes sense, since we know why\nhe would want to do it (curiosity) but we don't know what prompted him to\n_actually do it_ (random impulse?).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-04T05:44:11.690",
"id": "25499",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-04T05:44:11.690",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "I'm pretty sure it simply means that he was always curious, but he never\nthought he would actually allow his thoughts to become actions in that way. Or\nhe really had no idea why he did it, but instead of telling the girl that, he\nmade something up to tease her.\n\nI don't know the context beyond what you shared, but I think you are\noverthinking it haha. It doesn't really have much to do with the language. :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-08-03T06:46:38.603",
"id": "26144",
"last_activity_date": "2015-08-03T06:46:38.603",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10801",
"parent_id": "25486",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
25486
|
25493
|
25493
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Take for example the sentence below\n\n> ケンカができたとしても俺には手が出せない。\n\nDoes this mean something like \"Even if we did get into a fight, they wouldn't\nbe able to touch me/lay a hand on me(i.e. they would be no match for me)\"?\n\nA few more lines for context:\n\n> 美桜とは付き合いが長いのに、一度もケンカや口論をしたことがない。\n>\n> むしろこの性格でどうやったらケンカができるのか、誰かに訊いてみたいぐらいだ。\n>\n> もっとも、 **ケンカができたとしても俺には手が出せない。**\n>\n> 曲がりなりにも女性だからというのもあるが、それができない訳ありな事情もあったりする。 \n> (Explained later on that she has androphobia and she cries if she comes\n> into physical contact with a male)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-03T09:01:58.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25487",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-07T02:15:15.823",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-07T01:35:23.950",
"last_editor_user_id": "3437",
"owner_user_id": "10521",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "The meaning of 手が出せない",
"view_count": 1133
}
|
[
{
"body": "It means I won`t get into the fight.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-03T09:39:21.340",
"id": "25488",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-03T09:39:21.340",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10522",
"parent_id": "25487",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -3
},
{
"body": "Without context, I can't figure out the subject for ケンカができたとしても. Is it 俺?\n\nAnd 手が出せない literally means \"It is beyond my reach.\" Without context again, all\nI can guess is that he has some reason to stay away from the incidence.\n\n*** revised ***\n\nI am adding a translation in a interlinear fashion, as the context is given.\n\n美桜とは付き合いが長いのに、一度もケンカや口論をしたことがない。\n\nThough I have been dating 美桜 (Mio?) for a long time, I have never had a\nquarrel nor a dispute with her.\n\n* * *\n\nむしろこの性格でどうやったらケンカができるのか、誰かに訊いてみたいぐらいだ。\n\nRather (Caveat: I have no idea why this \"rather\" is inserted by the original\nauthour.) I would like to ask someone how I can have a quarrel with her, given\nher personality. \n\n* * *\n\nもっとも、ケンカができたとしても俺には手が出せない。\n\nEven if I could, I would not lift my hand against her.\n\n* * *\n\n*** Added (again) ***\n\n曲がりなりにも女性だからというのもあるが、それができない訳ありな事情もあったりする。\n\nOf course it's partly because she is a lady (in the sense of \"woman\"), but\nthere is another reason I can't do that.\n\n(曲がりなりにも literally means \"though imperfectly\" or \"in the fashion which is not\nsatisfactory\". This usage, together with the usage of むしろ, is the reason why I\nsay \"sloppy.\")",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-03T10:46:49.340",
"id": "25489",
"last_activity_date": "2015-08-08T11:09:37.257",
"last_edit_date": "2015-08-08T11:09:37.257",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "10402",
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{
"body": "手{て}を出{だ}す literally means 'to put one's hand out; to touch'. So, it can\nmetaphorically means 'to throw the first punch', 'to try something out', and\n'to flirt on'.\n\nWithout the context, the sentence in question could be interpreted in two\nways:\n\n> ケンカができたとしても俺{おれ}には手{て}が出{だ}せない。\n>\n> 1. Nobody can touch me even if they get into a fight with me.\n>\n> 2. I cannot hit someone even if I could have a fight with that person.\n>\n>\n\nIn the context you wrote above, the sentence means #2: 'I cannot hit her even\nI could have a fight with.' There are some reasons in addition to that\n美桜{みお?みう?} is a lady.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-07T12:30:01.800",
"id": "28520",
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25487
| null |
28520
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「日記を書いていたらまさにお腹がすいてきた」\n\nThat's the sentence. I believe it'd be, \"I am certain to get hungry when I\nwrite in my diary.\"\n\nI'm just not entirely sure I'm right simply because the it is きた instead of\nくる, which has me thinking I don't understand something with this grammar...\n\nI understand ～てくる as a way to express something has happened and continues to\nbe happening. So, in this case, the person becomes hungry when they write in\ntheir diary and won't stop being hungry until they do something, like eat.\n\nAye, the more I think about it the more convinced I am I'm missing a point.\nHelp me figure this out once and for all, haha.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-03T17:36:02.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25490",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-11T04:06:12.463",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Do I have the right idea with ～てきた here?",
"view_count": 240
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「日記{にっき}を書{か}いていたら(、)まさにお腹{なか}が **すいてきた** 。」\n\n**does not** mean:\n\n> \"I am certain to get hungry when I write in my diary.\"\n\nThat English sentence suggests that the speaker **always** or **habitually**\ngets hungry when he writes in his diary, correct? The point of utterance can\nbe anytime.\n\nThe original sentence **_does not_** talk about what always/usually happens.\nIt is only talking about what is happening at a specific time which is '\n**right now** '. The only possible point of utterance is the present moment.\n\n「お腹がすいて **きた** 」 may look like it is in the past tense, but it is describing\nwhat has been happening right now. Point is it takes some time (usually more\nthan just a few minutes) to get from the \"non-hungry\" state to the \"hungry\"\nstate. **The 「～～てきた」 part describes the situation (\"process\" may be a better\nword) where one has finally gotten to the point where one is \"pretty\"\nhungry.**\n\nThus the original sentence means:\n\n> \"I have gotten quite hungry while writing in my diary.\"\n\nor even\n\n> \"I am getting quite hungry while writing in my diary.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-03T23:22:29.130",
"id": "25492",
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"parent_id": "25490",
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"score": 5
}
] |
25490
| null |
25492
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "25689",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've been reading a manga and there was a sentence:\n\n> 無駄にコマから出てくるな\n\nCan someone tell me what does it mean?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-03T22:11:37.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25491",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T19:20:27.050",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-11T04:07:07.523",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "10524",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"slang"
],
"title": "what does 無駄にコマから出てくるな mean?",
"view_count": 250
}
|
[
{
"body": "As the question still is open, I'll try to answer it.\n\nYour attempt,\n\n> it's waste of illustration so don't show yourself.\n\nis very much off.\n\n 1. This is the 'pensive' or 'monologue' な, not the imperative な\n\n * On second thought, this is debatable. I originally took the sentence to be something the mangaka wrote, criticising his/her own style.\n 2. コマ means 'frame (of a comic)'\n\n 3. This is the particle から ('from'), not 〜だから ('because')\n\n 4. Do check the dictionary for 出る (and/or 出てくる). Here it means 'to come out'\n\n 5. 'Waste of xxx' is typically 「xxxの無駄」\n\n無駄に, when used this way, means 'pointlessly' or 'for no purpose'\n\nA correct answer would be (if we consider it to be the pensive な),\n\n> [something] is coming out of the comic frame for no good reason\n\n'Something' here, I presume, is referring to whatever is in the frame that is\nsticking out.\n\nIf we take it as a command, it's\n\n> Don't stick out of the comic for no reason!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T12:55:45.660",
"id": "25689",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "\"Don't stick out of the frame pointlessly\" or \"Don't stick out of the frame so\nmuch.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T19:20:27.050",
"id": "41781",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T19:20:27.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19118",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
25491
|
25689
|
25689
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This video (<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8fVS78tvzU>) says that seaweed\nis written like 海草、but Google Translate later told me it's instead 海藻, with 藻\nas the second Kanji instead of 草. I know GT shouldn't be trusted, but I Google\nImage searched 海藻 and got pictures of seaweed, so.. can someone tell me which\nreally means seaweed?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-04T03:32:01.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25494",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-13T07:48:18.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10526",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "How to write 'seaweed'?",
"view_count": 955
}
|
[
{
"body": "海藻 = seaweed,\n\n海草 = spermatophyta living in sea (water).\n\nFor details, see -> <https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%97%BB>\ntogether with <https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%8D%89>.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-04T04:37:40.333",
"id": "25497",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-04T05:32:10.323",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-04T05:32:10.323",
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"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25494",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "If you mean edible seaweed, 海藻 is right to use. Nori, wakame, mozuku, hiziki\nand mekabu are all 海藻. They look like <http://bit.ly/1gfJick>\n\nIn Japan, usually, people don't eat 海草. Dugongs like to eat 海草.\n<http://www.arkive.org/dugong/dugong-dugon/video-01a.html>\n\n海草 is often used to mean 海藻 by mistake.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-04T05:40:23.393",
"id": "25498",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-04T05:40:23.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10484",
"parent_id": "25494",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
25494
| null |
25498
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25500",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 有名な「ファミリア」は人員 **も** 豊富で基本的に飽和しているところが多い。\n\nI'm interpreting this part as: _Many Familias **also** have an abundance of\nmembers_\n\nBut I'm not sure if the も here is actually inclusive.\n\nHere's a picture of the page.\n\n",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-04T03:43:17.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25495",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-11T15:10:35.063",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-11T09:51:14.580",
"last_editor_user_id": "11849",
"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Am I interpreting も correctly in this sentence?",
"view_count": 186
}
|
[
{
"body": "> **有名な** 「ファミリア」は人員も豊富で・・・\n\n**Famous** Familias have abundant human resources...\n\nIf a Familia is famous, it already has a lot of staff, too.\n\n例文:\n\n> **美味しい** ものは、体に **も** いい。 \n> **不細工な** 女は、性格 **も** 悪い。 \n> **充実した日々を過ごしてる** ヤツは、笑顔 **も** 輝いてる。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-04T06:12:23.730",
"id": "25500",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-02-11T15:10:35.063",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "25495",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
25495
|
25500
|
25500
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25503",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know the opinions of non-native speakers.\n\nThe female Japanese football team is named なでしこ which means pink. My\nimpression of pink is a flower which is cute but tiny and ephemeral. Whereas\nthe members of なでしこ look far from being tiny and ephemeral, if not extremely\nstout and robust.\n\nWhat do you non-native speakers think about that? I am not talking about\naesthetic merit or lack thereof.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-04T07:21:39.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25501",
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"owner_user_id": "10402",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "なでしこ (the football team)",
"view_count": 110
}
|
[
{
"body": "Nadeshiko doesn't just mean the color \"pink\". It's the Japanese word for the\nflower called pink, or carnation. In the Western \"language of flowers,\" the\ncarnation implies boldness, i.e. courage, due to the vividness of its color,\nas well as love, purity, and beauty. Therefore in Japan, the type of carnation\ncalled _nadeshiko_ has long been associated with both beautiful and strong\nwomen.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-04T08:33:18.140",
"id": "25503",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-04T08:33:18.140",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "583",
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"post_type": "answer",
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}
] |
25501
|
25503
|
25503
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25504",
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"body": "I understand this sentence, but I cannot explain to myself why I don't need\nany particle for \"私一人\". What part of speech is it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-04T07:25:21.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25502",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-04T10:48:01.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10528",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "そこには私一人しかいなかった - why not \"私は\"?",
"view_count": 335
}
|
[
{
"body": "Let's minimize the example.\n\n * そこには私一人しかいなかった。\n * そこには私しかいなかった。\n * 私しかいなかった。\n * 私しかいない。\n\nHere しか is actually a particle, i.e. a binding particle (係助詞 kakari-joshi)\n<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_particles>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-04T10:48:01.910",
"id": "25504",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-04T10:48:01.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10529",
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"post_type": "answer",
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] |
25502
|
25504
|
25504
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "25564",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 私はまっすぐな人生を **歩んできた。**\n>\n> 私はまっすぐな人生を **歩んでいった。**\n\nCould someone explain to me the difference between the two? Thanks a lot!\n\nEdit: I still find ていった confusing even after reading the other post.\n\nSo まっすぐな人生を歩んで行った would have the meaning walking a straight forward life until\nsome time before the present?\n\nSo if I wanted to say: Tom used to walk a straight forward life (He doesn't\nnowadays). I would say:\n\n> トムはまっすぐな人生を歩んで行った。\n\nI asked native speakers about the sentence I made and they said ていった would not\nbe used when referring to yourself. If you were referring to yourself, you\nwould use てきた.\n\n> 僕はまっすぐな人生を歩んでいった。とは、言いませんよ。\n>\n> 彼はまっすぐな人生を歩んでいった。なら言えます。主語（Subject)が自分のときは「てきた」を使います。\n\nThis would be correct instead:\n\n> **彼** はまっすぐな人生を歩んで行った\n\nWhy is that?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-04T10:50:48.140",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25505",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-12T15:42:02.413",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-12T15:42:02.413",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "10530",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 歩んでいった and 歩んできた?",
"view_count": 2236
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think I don't have enough English vocabulary to express this nuance. So\nplease let me try to explain this visually.\n\n###\n\n### 「～てきた」\n\nFirst of all, 「～てきた」 expresses something in the past.\n\n\n\nIf the speaker at present says 「～てきた」, s/he is talking about something which\nstarted sometime in the past and continued until now. Like the sentence,\n\n> 「（[今]{いま}まで）[私]{わたし}はまっすぐな[人生]{じんせい}を[歩]{あゆ}んできた」\n\n###\n\nI said \"until now\", however, actually, it can be \"until sometime in the past\".\n\n\n\nFor example, the sentence can be modified like this.\n\n> 「[高校]{こうこう}を[卒業]{そつぎょう}するまで、[私]{わたし}はまっすぐな[人生]{じんせい}を[歩]{あゆ}んできた」\n\n###\n\nThe speaker's **point of view** can be positioned anywhere in the timeline.\n\nIf the point of view is sometime in the future, the present tense of 「～てきた」,\nwhich is 「～てくる」, is appropriate to use.\n\n\n\nFor example,\n\n>\n> 「うちの[家系]{かけい}は、[母方]{ははかた}の[祖父]{そふ}も、[父方]{ちちかた}の[祖父]{そふ}も、[ハゲ]{はげ}ている。もちろん[父]{ちち}もだ。[早]{はや}ければ[数年]{すうねん}[以内]{いない}に、[私]{わたし}もハゲてくると[思]{おも}う」\n\n###\n\n### 「～ていった」\n\n「～ていく」 means something which starts now or after now and will have been going\nfor a period of time.\n\n\n\n「～ていく」 is about the future. 「～ていった」 is the past tense of 「～ていく」. So, 「～ていった」\nis also about a kind of future, but, the start point is sometime in the past.\n\n\n\nPlease don't forget that the speaker is still at present. But the point of\nview in her/his mind is in the distant past, and s/he talks about the future\nfrom the point of view.\n\nHere is an example of 「～ていった」 then 「～てきた」 and 「～ていく」.\n\n>\n> 「[高校]{こうこう}[卒業]{そつぎょう}[後]{ご}も、[私]{わたし}は[サッカー]{さっかー}[一筋]{ひとすじ}のまっすぐな[人生]{じんせい}を[歩]{あゆ}んでいった。だが、あの[事故]{じこ}により、すべてが[一変]{いっぺん}してしまう。[動]{うご}かなくなった[右脚]{みぎあし}を[前]{まえ}に、私は[絶望]{ぜつぼう}に[飲]{の}まれ、[死]{し}ぬことばかり[考]{かんが}えるようになった。そんなとき、[彼]{かれ}と[出会]{であ}った。いつの[間]{ま}にか私は、死ぬことなど考えなくなった。彼と[一緒]{いっしょ}に[歩]{あゆ}んできた[人生]{じんせい}、そして、これから彼と一緒に歩んでいく人生こそ、[今]{いま}の私には[何]{なに}よりもかけがえのない[宝物]{たからもの}だから。」(written\n> Japanese)\n\n「～ていった」 can be used with 私は or 僕は if the speaker make it clear when it\nhappened or when it started.\n\nIf the speaker doesn't mention when, the listener thinks that the speaker is\ntalking about now thing, or before-now thing, or after-now thing. In other\nwords, the listener thinks that the speaker's point of view is **\" now\"**.\n\nSo, if you just say 「私はまっすぐな人生を歩んでいった」, people might think \"your actual point\nof view is now because you don't specify when, but your sentence's point of\nview is sometime in the past, so the sentence you made must be wrong.\"\n\nThe solution for this kind of misunderstanding is to give listeners more\ninformation about when your point of view is. Here are examples.\n\n>\n> 「[彼]{かれ}と[別]{わか}れた[私]{わたし}はそれから、[夢]{ゆめ}に[向]{む}かって、まっすぐな[人生]{じんせい}を[歩]{あゆ}んでいった」\n\n>\n> 「[入院]{にゅういん}[中]{ちゅう}に[届]{とど}いた[沢山]{たくさん}のお[手紙]{てがみ}に、[私]{わたし}は[退院]{たいいん}[後]{ご}、ひとつひとつお[返事]{へんじ}を[書]{か}いていった」\n\n> 「その[日]{ひ}その[映画]{えいが}を[観]{み}ながら、私の[気持]{きも}ちは[次第]{しだい}に[晴]{は}れていった」\n\nThere are situations in which, instead of 「〜ていった」, other words might be better\nto use. In some cases, people tend to use other words which have a clearer\nmeaning, sophisticated impression, or more matching use with context. These\nare other words examples.\n\n>\n> 「[高校]{こうこう}[卒業]{そつぎょう}[後]{ご}も、[私]{わたし}は[サッカー]{さっかー}[一筋]{ひとすじ}のまっすぐな[人生]{じんせい}を[歩]{あゆ}み[続]{つづ}けた」\n\n> 「高校卒業後、私は[新]{あたら}しい人生を歩み[始]{はじ}めた」\n\nPlease note that what I'm explaining here is 「～てきた」 and 「～ていった」 which mean\ntime transition (from a time to another). When people use 「～てきた」 or 「～ていった」 to\ndescribe transfer from one place to another, the usage and function of these\nwords might be a little different.\n\n###\n\n### 「～てきた」＋\n\nJust one more thing. I said that 「～てきた」 is about the past. However, if 「～てきた」\nis used with a verb which means condition or state of something (like weather\ncondition, health, etc), the nuance becomes a little different.\n\n> 「[雨]{あめ}が[降]{ふ}ってきた」\n\n> 「お[腹]{なか}が[痛]{いた}くなってきた」\n\nare like this.\n\n\n\nThe rain started sometime in the recent past, and now the speaker noticed it\nand says 「雨が降ってきた」. 「～てきた」 is used to express changing condition.\n\n###\n\n> 「[雨]{あめ}がやんできた」\n\n> 「[腹痛]{ふくつう}が[治]{おさ}まってきた」\n\n\n\nIn this case, the speaker also notices and says that the condition is changing\nnow. The rain or pain is likely to stop in the near future. This type 「～てきた」\ndoesn't mean the completion of something. So **\" now\"**, it's still raining a\nlittle, or the speaker still has a little pain.\n\nBy the way, this↓ kind of thing happens sometimes.\n\n\n\nIt's okay. Nobody knows the future actually. The speaker doesn't have to be\nsure about the future when using 「～てきた」. The point is what the speaker finds\nright now or found before now.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-07T20:01:28.470",
"id": "25564",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-08T11:49:58.890",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10484",
"parent_id": "25505",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 25
}
] |
25505
|
25564
|
25564
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> **Woman 1** 「アスタの作るクッキーは香りが豊かで、焼き始めるとスタリオンの子供たちが屋敷に集まってくるのよね」\n>\n> **アスタ** 「簡単に焼けるから、みんなに配る分もすぐに準備出来るからね」\n>\n> **Woman 2** 「うむ、領地の子供たちに美味しい物を振る舞うとは……さすが領主の義理息子だけはある」\n>\n> **Woman 1** 「感心しているけど、あんたは実の娘でしょうが」\n>\n> **Man 1** 「美味しいクッキーで子供たちに大人気か」\n\nNow my question is about the last part 美味しいクッキーで子供たちに大人気, as I am completely\nstumped as to what it means. The possible interpretations that I can think of\nwould be\n\n 1. It means that he makes delicious cookies and he is popular with the kids\n 2. He is popular with the kids due to his delicious cookies\n 3. His cookies are delicious and they are very popular with the kids.\n\nCan anyone explain which of these is correct and why the others would be\nincorrect? (If none of the above are correct then please state what it means\nto you.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-04T15:48:39.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25508",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-05T05:40:02.617",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10535",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particle-で",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "The meaning of 美味しいクッキーで子供たちに大人気",
"view_count": 184
}
|
[
{
"body": "Methinks 2) is a good guess.\n\nで in this case stands for \"by\", \"with\", \"because of\" or \"due to\".\n\nMeanwhile I don't think 1) and 3) are particularly out-of-point.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-05T02:13:56.630",
"id": "25511",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25508",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
25508
| null |
25511
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have heard on various occasions that modern day keigo was borrowed from\nKansai-ben. It states this on\n[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansai_dialect#Politeness):\n\n> Historically, extensive use of keigo (honorific speech) was a feature of\n> Kansai-ben, especially Kyoto-ben, while Kantō-ben, from which standard\n> Japanese developed, formerly lacked it. **Keigo in standard Japanese was\n> originally borrowed from Kansai-ben.** However, keigo is no longer\n> considered a feature of the dialect since Standard Japanese now also has it.\n> Even today, keigo is used more often in Kansai-ben than in the other\n> dialects except for the standard Japanese, to which people switch in formal\n> situations.\n\nbut I can't seem to find any credible sources. Does anyone know of any\ncredible sources or more info on this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-04T16:16:20.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25509",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-28T05:34:15.503",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-04T16:28:55.587",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10536",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"history",
"keigo",
"linguistics",
"kansai-ben"
],
"title": "Is modern day keigo borrowed from kansai-ben? Sources?",
"view_count": 505
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'm saying this not as a specialist but based on my studies of bungo (literary\nJapanese) and as someone who lived in Kansai for 4 years, but as far as I know\nthere is nothing particularly _Kansai-ben-ish_ about the concept of keigo in\nitself.\n\nWhat you've heard may have to do with particular forms that keigo uses\nnowadays, by judging from my own exposure to Kansai-ben, I don't know that\nthis is actually the case.\n\nKeigo itself has always existed in Japanese and was far more elaborate in the\nolder language, the one that is now called bungo or kogo. Some particular\nforms have there all along, such as using the passive form as an honorific, so\neven in this sense, keigo is hardly derived from Kansai-ben.\n\nHaving said that, Kansai was the cradle of the Japanese civilization that we\nknow today, so in a way, everything related to the high culture started there\nand spread to the rest of the land.\n\nSo I think it's really the other way around - Kansai-ben could be the dialect\nthat preserves the old language the most in terms of structures, vocabulary\netc.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-28T05:34:15.503",
"id": "25984",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-28T05:34:15.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10755",
"parent_id": "25509",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
25509
| null |
25984
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> Ryura! Would you like to sing 'Isshin Furan' with me and a friend?\n\nThis is what I have so far...\n\n> Ryuraさん！「一心不乱」を私と一緒に歌えませんか？\n\nPlease help me make it sound more fluid if possible!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-05T00:46:52.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25510",
"last_activity_date": "2023-08-19T08:02:45.293",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-27T06:00:50.590",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "10538",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"questions"
],
"title": "Asking someone to sing a song with me",
"view_count": 1518
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Ryuraさん！私たちと「一心不乱」を歌いませんか？ \n> -OR- \n> Ryuraさん！一緒に「一心不乱」を歌いませんか？\n\nNote that it's uta **i** masen and not uta **e** masen. The latter denotes\ninability. Additionally, you also have the option of using more informal\nlanguage.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T07:42:50.943",
"id": "25531",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-06T08:40:09.177",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-06T08:40:09.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "6961",
"parent_id": "25510",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
25510
| null |
25531
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Learning adjectives, I knew there are two major groups of adjectives い and だ.\nI am wondering, which group has more adjectives?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-05T02:20:34.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25512",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-27T08:07:55.837",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-05T05:32:54.297",
"last_editor_user_id": "3437",
"owner_user_id": "10539",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Are there more い adjectives or more だ adjectives?",
"view_count": 169
}
|
[
{
"body": "na/-no adjectives in total seem to outnumber -i adjectives.\n\nValues retrieved from\n[WWWJDIC](http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/wwwjdicinf.html) dictionary file:\n\ni-Adjectives: 2895, 268 of which is listed as a \"common word\"; \nna-Adjectives: 6759, 1425 of which is listed as a \"common word\"; \nno-Adjectives: 10832, 2799 of which is listed as a \"common word\". \n\nProbably because of how, like user4092 mentioned, the na-no group can\nvirtually convert all nouns into \"adjectives\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T07:42:59.050",
"id": "25532",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-06T09:07:54.183",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-06T09:07:54.183",
"last_editor_user_id": "10549",
"owner_user_id": "10549",
"parent_id": "25512",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
25512
| null |
25532
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25570",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I need to write the names 小此木憲次 (the adopted son of 宮部金吾） and\n[森廣](http://www12.plala.or.jp/dokuritsu-kyokai/rekishi.html) (a leader of\n札幌独立キリスト教会) in ローマ字 in an academic paper. What is the correct 読み方 for 小此木 and\nfor 廣?\n\nI tried [kanji.reader.bz](http://kanji.reader.bz/) but it did not find any\nresults. Through a Google search I found that\n[小此内](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E5%B0%8F%E6%AD%A4%E5%86%85) is read as\nこがうち and that\n[小此之本](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1218755232) is\nread as おこのぎ.\n\nWhen I tried searching for 廣 in online dictionaries, I was taken to the entry\nfor 広い.\n\nThank you for your help!\n\n ",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-05T04:40:50.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25513",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-24T13:57:09.383",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-06T01:46:40.223",
"last_editor_user_id": "4547",
"owner_user_id": "4547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"readings",
"names"
],
"title": "What is the correct reading for the names 小此木 and 廣?",
"view_count": 193
}
|
[
{
"body": "I had a look on kotobank :\n\nApparently 2 persons are recorded as being named 小此木\n\n * 小此木{オコノギ} 彦三郎｛ヒコサブロウ｝ [Link](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B0%8F%E6%AD%A4%E6%9C%A8+%E5%BD%A6%E4%B8%89%E9%83%8E-1641427#E6.96.B0.E8.A8.82.20.E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB.E5.AE.B6.E4.BA.BA.E5.90.8D.E4.BA.8B.E5.85.B8.20.E6.98.8E.E6.B2.BB.EF.BD.9E.E6.98.AD.E5.92.8C)\n * 小此木{オコノギ} 啓吾{ケイゴ} [Link](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B0%8F%E6%AD%A4%E6%9C%A8+%E5%95%93%E5%90%BE-1641424#0.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E4.BA.BA.E5.90.8D.E4.BA.8B.E5.85.B8)\n\nSo オコノギ (Okonogi) seems like a likely pronunciation for this name.\n\nAccording to this [website](http://www2.myoji-\nyurai.net/searchResult.htm?myojiKanji=%E6%A3%AE%E5%BB%A3) 森廣 is pronounced\nモリヒロ (Morihiro) and is worn by about 400 persons, which makes it quite rare.\nThere also seems to be a few facebook profiles lying around here with this\nspelling and Morihiro as pronunciation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T02:05:21.797",
"id": "25524",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-24T13:57:09.383",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-24T13:57:09.383",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "3614",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "As a general principle, you can't be fully confident about the reading of a\nJapanese personal name until you ask themselves or their family (like in\nEnglish, too, where we have \"hue-ston\" _Houstons_ and \"house-ton\" _Houstons_ ,\nfor example).\n\nTalking about possibilities, [小此木](http://myoji-\nyurai.net/searchResult.htm?myojiKanji=%E5%B0%8F%E6%AD%A4%E6%9C%A8) may be read\nas おこのぎ, おこのき, おこぎ, おこき, おひき, おびき, ここき, ここのぎ, こごれき, ここぎ, このき, こひき, こびき, こひぎ,\nこしき, こしぎ according the link, but I've personally only heard of おこのぎ or ここのぎ.\n\nFor your second person, it seems that 森 is his surname and 廣 is the given\nname. The one letter 廣 as a given name is most likely to be pronounced as ひろし,\nbut I can't deny the possibility of こう.\n\n* * *\n\n**PS** \n小此之本 in your Yahoo! Ask link is probably a mistype or misunderstanding by the\nposter for 小此之 **木**.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-08T09:39:41.163",
"id": "25570",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-08T09:39:41.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 2
}
] |
25513
|
25570
|
25524
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25517",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 連絡しようしようと思いながらまた一年がたった。While I was encouraging myself to get in touch,\n> another year passed. (example sentence from 研究社 新和英大辞典 第５版)\n\nIs しよう repeated twice for emphasis (\"let's do it! let's do it!\" or some such),\nor is it something else?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-05T06:44:05.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25514",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-28T15:50:44.947",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-05T06:54:17.620",
"last_editor_user_id": "10429",
"owner_user_id": "10429",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is しようしよう here same as しよう?",
"view_count": 398
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Is しよう repeated twice for emphasis\n\nExactly.\n\nI found another example, やめようやめようと思っても in ->\n<http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q10146298425>.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-05T07:08:28.663",
"id": "25515",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-05T07:08:28.663",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25514",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> ～しようしようと思いながら（・・・が過ぎた・経った etc.）\n\n「意向形+意向形+と思いつつ・思いながら・・・」は、何度も「やらなければいけない。」と思ったり、自分にやるように言い聞かせたけれど、ついつい\n**先延ばし(先送り・後回し)** にして、時間が経ってしまった、という意味で使います。\n\n例:\n\n> 「手紙を **書こう書こう** と思っているうちに、数年が経過した。」 \n> 「 **やろうやろう** と思いつつ、なかなかできないダイエット。」 \n> 「宿題を **しようしよう** と思っていても、ついつい後回しに・・・。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-05T08:23:43.110",
"id": "25517",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-28T15:50:44.947",
"last_edit_date": "2017-01-28T15:50:44.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "25514",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
25514
|
25517
|
25517
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From what I understand, 言わないと分からない is normally used to say something like \"I\ncan't understand unless you tell me\"\n\nContext: The two meet after he has had his bath on the way back to his room.\n\n> 「いえ、ぼんやりしてる様子でお疲れなのかと……」\n>\n> 「疲れてはないんだ……」\n>\n> 「もしかして、少しのぼせちゃいましたか？」\n>\n> 心配してくれるエイルさんに胸が痛む。\n>\n> 聞いても……いいんだろうか。\n>\n> そう思ったら、口が開いていた。\n>\n> 「エイルさんのこと、考えてたんだ」\n>\n> 「えっ……？」\n>\n> 「今朝、いつもと違ってたし……元気なさそうだった」\n>\n> 「なにか悪いことしちゃったかなって……」\n>\n> こんなこと言っちゃうなんて……情けない。\n>\n> でも……言わないと分からないことだ。 「ネロさん……」 「なにか良くないことがあったら、すぐに言ってください。俺からは……それだけです」\n\nBut I'm not quite sure what he means by this last sentence. What I believe\nhe's referring back to こんなこと and saying that if he doesn't say what he said\nabove, then....\n\nAnd here's where my problem comes in. Who is it that won't know/understand and\nwhat is it that they won't understand. Looking at it, I think it's something\nlike \"But if I don't say these things (Showing that he's worried about her and\nindirectly asking her if he's done anything wrong), then I won't find out what\nthe problem is\". Can anyone clarify what it is that he's actually saying?",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-05T09:20:58.727",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25518",
"last_activity_date": "2023-06-17T22:06:10.753",
"last_edit_date": "2022-05-23T16:57:18.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "10541",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "The subjects of 言わないと分からない in this monologue",
"view_count": 495
}
|
[
{
"body": "誰の発言か分かりにくいようでしたので、誰のセリフかを書き加えてみました。 状況の説明も少し書き足してみました。\n\nエイルに何か悪いことをしてしまったのでは、と少し落ち込むネロ。\n\nエイルは、ネロのことが心配なようだ。\n\n> エイル:「いえ、ぼんやりしてる様子でお疲れなのかと……」\n>\n> ネロ: 「疲れてはないんだ……」\n>\n> エイル:「もしかして、少しのぼせちゃいましたか？」\n>\n> ネロ: 心配してくれるエイルさんに胸が痛む。\n>\n> ネロ: (何か悪いことをしてしまったか) 聞いても……いいんだろうか。\n>\n> ネロ: そう思ったら、口が開いていた。\n>\n> ネロ: 「エイルさんのこと、考えてたんだ」\n>\n> エイル:「えっ……？」\n>\n> ネロ: 「今朝、いつもと違ってたし……元気なさそうだった」\n>\n> ネロ: 「なにか悪いことしちゃったかなって……」\n>\n> ネロ: こんなこと言っちゃうなんて……情けない。(なにか悪いことしちゃったかな、と聞いてしまうなんて、情けない。)\n>\n> ネロ: でも……言わないと(エイルに聞かないと)分からないことだ。\n>\n> エイル:「ネロさん……」\n>\n> ネロ: 「なにか良くないことがあったら、すぐに言ってください。俺からは……それだけです」\n\n* * *\n\n「こんなこと」は、「エイルさんのこと、考えてたんだ」 から 「なにか悪いことしちゃったかなって……」 までの発言全体を指していると思います。\n\n「でも……言わないと」も、「こんなこと」と同じものを指しています。\n\n* * *\n\n> 言わないと分からない is normally used to say something like \"I can't understand unless\n> you tell me\"\n\n\"She is misunderstanding. I should tell her what I think.\" may be more\nsuitable for this situation.\n\n* * *\n\n(Tranlated)\n\n> Nero: \"I'm thinking about you, Eile\"\n>\n> N: \"You seems different .. this morning.\"\n>\n> N: \"Have I done something bad for you?\"\n>\n> It's a... shame to ask her what I was wrong, but if I don't ask her, I\n> cannot get.\n\n...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T21:26:48.870",
"id": "25628",
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"owner_user_id": "6798",
"parent_id": "25518",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
25518
| null |
25628
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25520",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I wonder, what mean word すい歴史? (I just recognized it that way)\n\n",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-05T15:05:00.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25519",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-05T15:07:36.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "6677",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of すい歴史",
"view_count": 106
}
|
[
{
"body": "That says 「古{ふる}い歴史{れきし}」= \"old history\", not 「すい歴史」.\n\n「すい歴史」 makes no sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-05T15:07:36.393",
"id": "25520",
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"score": 7
}
] |
25519
|
25520
|
25520
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "How to say \"I recently learned how to speak Japanese\" in Japanese? is it:\n\n> watashi wa hanasemashita nihongo koto ga saikin manabimasu\n\nor\n\n> watashi wa nihongo hanasemashita koto ga saikin manabimasu\n\nor Something else?\n\nI can't read kanji so please, if you answer please don't use kanji.\n\nEdit:Also, can someone tell me why saikin is before nihongo and not before\nnaraimashita in the first answer to my question?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T02:11:30.117",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25525",
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"last_editor_user_id": "6820",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"words",
"conjugations",
"syntax"
],
"title": "How to say \"I recently learned how to speak japanese\" in japanese?",
"view_count": 12039
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would say 私{わたし}は最{さい}近{きん}、日{に}本{ほん}語{ご}会{かい}話{わ}を習{なら}いました, or\n私{わたし}は最{さい}近{きん}、日{に}本{ほん}語{ご}の話{はな}し方{かた}を習{なら}いました.\n\nRemark:\n\n私 = I\n\n最近 = recently\n\n日本語 = Japanese\n\n会話 = conversation\n\n習う = to learn\n\n話し方 = how to speak",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T02:21:07.043",
"id": "25526",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-06T02:21:07.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25525",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Passing judgement about your own Japanese skills while talking with a Japanese\nnative speaker is a little strange. I'd recommend:\n\n\"日本語{にほんご}ができるようになっている気{き}がしています。\"\n\n(1) \"気{き}がしています\" adds the meaning that your opinion about your Japanese skills\nis yours alone.\n\n(2) The present continuous tense \"~~になっている\" adds the meaning that you think\nthat you are on the path to becoming good, but are not quite there yet.\n\n(3) If you want to stress your conversational skills, as opposed to your\nholistic skill, this might be preferred: \n\"日常会話{にちじょうかいわ}ができるようになっている気{き}がしています。\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T03:24:01.553",
"id": "25529",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-07-07T15:42:44.843",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "\"I recently learned how to speak Japanese.\"\n\nI would translate this differently depending on what the message you wish to\nconvey.\n\n\"Watashi ha saikin, nihongo wo manandeimashita.\" <- Lately, I have been\nstudying Japanese.\n\n\"Nihongo wo hanaseru you ni natta no ha saikin deshita.\" <- It was only\nrecently that I become capable of speaking in Japanese.\n\nBy 'how to speak in Japanese', do you mean the speech mannerisms, phonetics,\nor general ability to speak the language?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T06:23:31.463",
"id": "25530",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "6961",
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"score": 1
}
] |
25525
| null |
25529
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25556",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "She seems to use it as if it's a conversation filler, and I never really\nunderstood what it meant.\n\nWhen I asked what she means by that, she says it's like \"something between\nus\". I just nodded and said \"Ohhh\" but I didn't really understand.\n\nShe doesn't use it in chats or text, but I just notice that she says it out of\nhabit during conversations. What does it mean?",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T03:11:18.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25528",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-07T12:25:39.460",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "6863",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"conversations"
],
"title": "My Japanese friend often says 中(なか) in our real life conversations - what does it mean?",
"view_count": 514
}
|
[
{
"body": "As @virmaior suggested in the comment, it's likely that you've misheard\nなんか（何か）, which is an informal contraction of なにか or なんだか.\n\nBasically なんか can be used in the same way as なにか, but なんか very often precedes\nan adjective/adverb to add a 'somewhat' or 'kinda' nuance:\n\n> * なんか食べるもの = なにか食べるもの something to eat\n> * なんか変 = なにか変 kinda odd\n>\n\nSometimes it's used on its own as an equivalent of\n[なんだか](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/je2/56863/m0u/), meaning \"not sure but\n...\", \"dunno why but ...\" or \"somehow\":\n\n> * なんか、あの2人って仲いいよね。 Somehow they're geting along well, aren't they?\n> * なんか、急に怒り出した。 Dunno why but (he) suddenly fell into a rage.\n>\n\nなんか as a truly meaningless filler (i.e. as an equivalent of \"er...\" or\n\"well...\") is not very common, but it's mainly used by some people, especially\nby younger females. Some people do have a habit of saying this very often,\n[but many people frown upon such usage](http://mery.jp/80121).\n\n> * ってゆっか～、 **なんか～** 、超ダサいってゆっか～ (I don't know how to translate this...)\n>\n\nFinally, as for \"something between us\", maybe your friend was trying to\ndescribe the definition of [仲【なか】](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BB%B2)\n(personal relationship / term), which is not relevant.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-07T10:06:26.507",
"id": "25556",
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"parent_id": "25528",
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"score": 6
}
] |
25528
|
25556
|
25556
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25534",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I needed to translate the sentence \"Mary has three part-time jobs.\" What's the\ncounter for \"jobs\" ( _baito_ , _shigoto_ )?\n\nAlso, how do I say that \"I organized my room\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T08:51:37.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25533",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-17T03:27:23.420",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-11T09:57:26.430",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "10548",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"counters"
],
"title": "Is there a counter for part-time jobs?",
"view_count": 8053
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. You can use ふたつ、みっつ... for counting アルバイト or 仕事:\n\n> メアリーは、３つ(アル)バイト/仕事を[掛]{か}け[持]{も}ちしている。 \n> or (アル)バイト/仕事を３つ掛け持ちしている。 \n> メアリーは、仕事を３つ持っている。 \n> メアリーは、バイトを３つやっている。etc...\n\nAlternatively, you can also use ２か所で、３か所で... (at 2 places, 3 places...):\n\n> メアリーは、[３]{さん}か[所]{しょ}で(アル)バイト/仕事(を)している。\n\n 2. How about: \n\n> 部屋を[片]{かた}づけた。/ 部屋の片づけをした。 \n> or \n> 部屋を[整理]{せいり}した。/ 部屋を整理[整頓]{せいとん}した。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T09:15:12.497",
"id": "25534",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-06T09:27:21.363",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-06T09:27:21.363",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "25533",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "I guess \"Mary has three part-time jobs.\" would be translated into \"Mary\nはパートを3件{けん}掛{か}け持{も}ちしている。\"\n\n(I am not inclined toward the use of パート to indicate part-time jobs, though .)\n\nAs for \"I organized my room,\" I guess @Choko's answer \"部屋を片づけた\" will do.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T10:53:53.893",
"id": "25540",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-06T11:32:22.237",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-06T11:32:22.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "10402",
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25533",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
25533
|
25534
|
25534
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25536",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Which pair is correct?\n\n# A\n\n> 父がお正月に一万円 **あげました** 。私は今までに、こんなにたくさん **もらった** ことがなかったので、とてもうれしかったです。\n\n# B\n\n> 父がお正月に一万円 **くれました** 。私は今までに、こんなにたくさん **くれた** ことがなかったので、とてもうれしかったです。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T09:31:32.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25535",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-06T10:06:53.783",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "くれる, あげる, and もらう",
"view_count": 377
}
|
[
{
"body": "Neither pair is correct.\n\nCorrect pair:\n\n「(From B) **父が** お正月に一万円 **くれました** 。(From A) **私は** 今までに、こんなにたくさん **もらった**\nことがなかったので、とてもうれしかったです。」\n\nThe sentence patterns that are at work here are:\n\n> 「 **2nd/3rd Person** + は/が + 1st Person + に + (Object) + を + **くれる** 」\n>\n> 「1st Person + は/が + 2nd/3rd Person + に + (Object) + を + **もらう** 」\n\nAlso correct though not applicable with your example:\n\n> 「2nd Person + は/が + 1st/3rd Person + に + (Object) + を + **もらう** 」,\n>\n> 「3rd Person + は/が + 1st/2nd/Another 3rd Person + に + (Object) + を + **もらう**\n> 」, etc.\n\nI will stop here as a complete list using all three verbs will only confuse\nusers (as well as myself).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T09:37:44.943",
"id": "25536",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"parent_id": "25535",
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"score": 2
}
] |
25535
|
25536
|
25536
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25538",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Just to clarify the question, what I mean is that when you say that you're\nChinese (in the English language), for example, you could mean it both\nethnicity and nationality-wise. But in Japanese, it's \"中国人\". Because of the\nkanji 国, it sounds like it pertains to nationality and not ethnicity, but\nthere are Chinese people outside of China, like those in Taiwan or Malaysia.\n\ne.g. You can say \"I'm a Chinese living in Malaysia/I'm Chinese-Malaysian\" and\nyou'd understand that the person is a native Chinese in Malaysia, but if you\nsay \"私はマレーシアに住んでいる中国人です” it sounds (to me) as if a Japanese person would\ninterpret it as someone from China is living in Malaysia. Is there any other\nway to say this or any other term to use that refers to ethnicity?\n\nI've been wondering about this for quite some time now because unlike\nhomogenous societies where you can tell someone your nationality for them to\nunderstand what ethnicity you likely are, you can't for culturally diverse\ncountries.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T10:04:07.433",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25537",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-06T10:52:09.893",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-06T10:52:09.893",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Differentiating ethnicity and nationality in japanese",
"view_count": 5044
}
|
[
{
"body": "Not being much of an immigration-based country, many Japanese people are often\nnot consciously aware of the distinction between, for instance, \"Chinese-\nMalaysian\" and \"Chinese living in Malaysia\".\n\nThe \"proper\" ways to express those are:\n\n「中国系{ちゅうごくけい}マレーシア人{じん}」 = \"a Chinese-Malaysian\"\n\n「マレーシア在住{ざいじゅう}の中国人」 = \"a Chinese (citizen) living in Malaysia\".\n\nThe key word here is 「系{けい}」= \"pertaining to\", which is very useful.\n\n「イタリア系アメリカ人」 = \"Italian-Americans\"\n\n「日系{にっけい}カナダ人」 = \"Japanese-Canadians\" Note we say 「日系」 instead of「日本系」 in\nthese phrases.\n\nSo, 「A系B人」 means \" ** _a citizen of Country B of Country A's descent_** \".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T10:33:14.437",
"id": "25538",
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"score": 9
}
] |
25537
|
25538
|
25538
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25541",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If I lose my wallet and want to report it to the police officer, what is the\ncorrect expression between the two sentences below?\n\n 1. 財布 **が落ちて** しまいましたが、。。。\n 2. 財布 **を落として** しまいましたが、。。。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T10:52:33.440",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25539",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-07T02:30:16.397",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-06T11:00:14.787",
"last_editor_user_id": "9896",
"owner_user_id": "9896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "落ちてしまいました versus 落としてしまいました",
"view_count": 779
}
|
[
{
"body": "2. is the choice.\n\nSyntactically 1. is not incorrect, but it means your wallet fell in a\n\"spontaneous\" fashion, as in \"my wallet fell from the night table.\"\n\n*** Added ***\n\nOh, I forgot.\n\n落ちる is intransitive, meaning \"to fall.\"\n\n落とす is transitive, meaning \"to drop.\"\n\nHence 財布を落としてしまいました = I dropped my wallet (and hence I have lost it.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T10:59:02.830",
"id": "25541",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-07-07T02:30:16.397",
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"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25539",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
25539
|
25541
|
25541
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25543",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "If I were to ask a native of Japan to take a picture of myself or me and the\ngroup with whom I am, is it acceptable to ask\n\n\"Shashin onegaishimasu / しゃしん おねがいします\" as a shortcut instead of the [things\nsuggested here](http://www.jref.com/forum/threads/how-would-i-ask-a-native-to-\ntake-my-picture.27663/)?\n\nFYI:\n\n7.5 years later I'm finally going.\n\n[Can it ever be harmful to bring my 2nd\npassport?](https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/178590/can-it-ever-be-\nharmful-to-bring-my-2nd-passport)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T12:41:37.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25542",
"last_activity_date": "2023-01-04T07:19:25.083",
"last_edit_date": "2023-01-04T07:19:25.083",
"last_editor_user_id": "10230",
"owner_user_id": "10230",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"phrases",
"formality"
],
"title": "Shashin onegaishimasu / しゃしん おねがいします - informally acceptable?",
"view_count": 929
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"しゃしん おねがいします\" will do.\n\nBut I would say \"私{わたし}共{ども}の写{しゃ}真{しん}を撮{と}って戴{いただ}けますか?\" if I don't know\nthat native in person.\n\nCourtesy costs you nothing.\n\n*** Added ***\n\nOf course it will do no harm to add すみません as suggested by BCLC and\nHiruneDiver: literally すみません means \"I'm/we're sorry\", but it is quite often\nused to mean \"excuse me/us\".\n\nAnd The Wandering Coder's selection is acceptable, too.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T12:49:02.780",
"id": "25543",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-07T02:26:18.570",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-07T02:26:18.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "10402",
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25542",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> (すみません、)[写真]{しゃしん}お[願]{ねが}いします。\n\nwould probably be understood as \"Please take my/our picture\", but it can also\nbe understood as \"May I take a photo of you?\". To avoid confusion, you could\nsay:\n\n> (すみません、)シャッターお[願]{ねが}いします。 \n> (すみません、)シャッター[押]{お}してください。\n\nYou can also say:\n\n> (すみません、)[写真]{しゃしん}[撮]{と}ってください。 \n> (すみません、)[写真]{しゃしん}[撮]{と}ってくれませんか。 \n> (すみません、)[写真]{しゃしん}[撮]{と}ってもらえませんか。 \n> (すみません、)[写真]{しゃしん}[撮]{と}ってもらえますか。\n\nYou'd sound politer if you said:\n\n> すみません、[写真]{しゃしん}[撮]{と}っていただけますか。 \n> すみません、[写真]{しゃしん}[撮]{と}っていただけませんか。(as @HiruneDiver suggested) \n> すみません、シャッターお[願]{ねが}いできますか。 \n> すみません、シャッター[押]{お}していただけますか。 \n> すみません、シャッター[押]{お}してもらってもいいですか。 \n> etc.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-09T08:54:23.963",
"id": "25576",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-09T12:11:10.390",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "If you're concerned about syllables & don't mind being super casual I'd go\nwith 写真とっていいのか？ while handing the person your camera & put グループ in front of it\nfor the group one of course.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T16:47:41.867",
"id": "25599",
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"owner_user_id": "10585",
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"score": 0
}
] |
25542
|
25543
|
25576
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25551",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is the difference in pronunciations of Ōsaka in [Google\nTranslate](https://translate.google.com/#ja/en/%E3%81%8A%E3%81%8A%E3%81%95%E3%81%8B%20%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B5%E3%82%AB)\ndifferent for the same reasons as\n\"[Sayaka](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/24690/idina-menzel-\npronounces-sayaka-%E6%B2%99%E4%B9%9F%E5%8A%A0)\" ?\n\nI acknowledge this may be a dupe.",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T12:49:49.440",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25544",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-18T12:52:08.470",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10230",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Pronunciation of Ōsaka / 大阪 / おおさか / オオサカ",
"view_count": 518
}
|
[
{
"body": "For the **_place name_** : おおさか【LHHH】\n\nReference: See under category 「近畿{きんき}」 in\n<http://accent.u-biq.org/nihon.html>\n\nFor the **_family name_** : おおさか【HLLL】\n\nReference: None found. Just trust me if you could.\n\nPitch accents often differ between family names and place names (hat are\nwritten the same way) though it is something not many Japanese-learners seem\nto be aware of.\n\n「渋谷{しぶや}」 is pronounced 「しぶや【LHH】」 as a place name and 「しぶや【HLL】」 as a family\nname.\n\n「上野{うえの}」, as a place name, is 「うえの【LHH】」, but as a family name, it is\n「うえの【HLL】」.\n\nThe name 「さやか」 is pronounced 「さやか{HLL}」 by us native speakers, but quite a few\nJ-learners would pronounce it 「さやか{LHL}」.\n\n**_NOTE: Needless to say, all pronunciations above are based on Standard\nJapanese._**",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-07T01:15:13.080",
"id": "25551",
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"score": 12
}
] |
25544
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25551
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25551
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "25546",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between あんまり and あまり? Please also provide me with some\nexamples.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T13:57:06.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25545",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-27T15:25:01.630",
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"last_editor_user_id": "19278",
"owner_user_id": "9896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "あんまり versus あまり",
"view_count": 9081
}
|
[
{
"body": "They can be used interchangeably, but あんまり sounds a bit more colloquial than\nあまり.\n\nExamples:\n\nあまり関{かん}心{しん}がありません = \"I'm not particularly interested\"\n\nあんまり興{きょう}味{み}がないね = \"I'm not particularly interested\"\n\n*** Added ***\n\nI can think of only one situation where あんまり is appropriate and あまり is not,\nnamely\n\nそれは、あんまりだ = That's too much / too hideous / too ridiculous etc.\n\nWe don't say それは、あまりだ",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T14:07:32.457",
"id": "25546",
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"score": 11
}
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25545
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25546
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25546
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "25550",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been reading the first Harry Potter book, and as one character's \"tip of\nthe nose\" was referred to as 鼻先, another character's was 鼻の頭.\n\nIs there a difference between the two? When would one use one or the other?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T16:01:00.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25547",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-04T16:06:10.347",
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"owner_user_id": "10551",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 鼻先 and 鼻の頭",
"view_count": 198
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is actually a difference between the two.\n\n「鼻{はな}の頭{あたま}」 can only refer to the \"physical\" tip of one's nose -- nothing\nmore. Therefore, it has a highly limited meaning.\n\n「鼻先{はなさき}」 can refer exactly to what 「鼻の頭」 does **_and_** something extra. It\ncan also refer to the larger (empty) space in front of one's nose, eyes, face\nand even one's body.\n\nThus, you can have acne both at 「鼻先」 and 「鼻の頭」.\n\n> 「鼻先に/鼻の頭にニキビができた。」 (ニキビ = acne)\n\nBut a car can whizz by only at your 「鼻先」.\n\n> 「車{くるま}が鼻先をかすめて通{とお}った。」 (かすめて通る = to whizz by)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T20:32:37.713",
"id": "25550",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-04T16:06:10.347",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-04T16:06:10.347",
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"parent_id": "25547",
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"score": 7
}
] |
25547
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25550
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25550
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25552",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「ハリー・ポッター」シリーズには、ロンやハーマイオニーだけでなく「ネビル・ロングボトム」が出てこないと気持ちは落ち着かない。\n\nMy western brain can't comprehend the final part of the sentence! I know でてくる\nis something like \"show up\" and 落ち着く something like \"calm down, harmonize\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T16:33:10.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25548",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-07T02:54:46.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4419",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "出てこないと気持ちは落ち着かない meaning",
"view_count": 235
}
|
[
{
"body": "気持ちは落ち着かない = not to feel at ease.\n\nThus\n\n「ハリー・ポッター」シリーズには、ロンやハーマイオニーだけでなく「ネビル・ロングボトム」が出てこないと気持ちは落ち着かない\n\ncan be translated into something like\n\n\"I would not feel at ease if Neville Longbottom didn't show up, even if Ron\nand Hermione do (did?) in the Harry Potter series.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-07T02:35:50.997",
"id": "25552",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-07T02:54:46.920",
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"last_editor_user_id": "10402",
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25548",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
25548
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25552
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25552
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "25553",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading this passage from 下町ロケット (pp 15-16):\n\n> {{pad}}「申し訳ないなあ、忙しいときに来てもらって。というのも、今日は折り入ってお願いがあってねえ」 \n> 徳田{とくだ}は、トレードマークの鷲鼻を指でさすりながら、佃{つくだ}にソファを勧めた。新しい会計年度がはじまって間もない、四月第三週のことである。 \n>\n> 品川に本社がある京浜マシナリーの応接ブースだ。青色のパーティションで仕切られた個室は、四人がけのテーブルと電話が一台あるだけで質素だった。一部上場企業でもある同社は日本を代表する機械メーカーで、佃{つくだ}航平{こうへい}が社長を務める佃製作所の主要取引先である。佃は売上の一割近くをこの京浜マシナリーからの下請け仕事で賄っていた。 \n> 「実はね、佃社長にわざわざお越しいただいたのはウチの調達方針が変わったことをお伝えしようと思ったからなんだよな」 \n> 「方針変更、ですか」 \n> 佃は身構えた。 \n> なにしろ、下請け苛{いじ}めともいえる厳しいコストダウンで知られた京浜マシナリーだ。\n\nI noticed that 徳田 is using both 尊敬語 (佃社長にわざわざお越しいただいた) and 謙譲語 (お伝えしよう) to\nshow respect to 佃, but otherwise his language is pretty rough and informal\n(あってねえ、なんだよな）. This is the first I've seen this, and I'm wondering in what\ncircumstances it happens.\n\nI have two theories of what's going on in this excerpt:\n\n 1. Since 徳田／京浜マシナリー is the お客, that already puts them in a relatively higher position. On top of that, I imagine 徳田 is probably a much older guy. Normally I think this isn't enough to warrant dropping 丁寧語, but I could see it perhaps happening. But in this case, I don't see why 徳田 would continue to use 尊敬語 and 謙譲語 really...\n\n 2. As mentioned at the end of the excerpt (and a little later), 京浜マシナリー do not seem to be very nice people (especially given that what they're doing here is probably a violation of the 下請代金支払遅延等防止法). So, maybe the lack of 丁寧語 is being used to drive home the sort of rough nature and power balance of the interaction. In this case I'd imagine the 尊敬語／謙譲語 is being used a little sarcastically (not completely, though).\n\nI'm not sure that either of these theories is correct... it could be something\nelse. What's going on in this passage? More generally, in what cases does it\nmake sense to not use 丁寧語 but use 尊敬語／謙譲語 all on the same target?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T20:21:22.730",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25549",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-05T14:44:54.177",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-05T14:44:54.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "796",
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Using 尊敬語・謙譲語 but not 丁寧語 on the same target",
"view_count": 465
}
|
[
{
"body": "I feel the あってねえ/なんだよな part reflects the 徳田's true attitude toward 佃. Unless\n徳田 and 佃 are close friends, 徳田 is speaking in a disrespectful manner as a\nbusiness setting. He is being highly dominating, knowing his company is\nstronger.\n\nわざわざお越しいただいた/お伝えしよう is used here to show 佃 a \"respect\", of course. 徳田\nintentionally used these minimal 敬語 because he knew he was going to make a\ndifficult request, while he wanted this contract to look legitimate.\n\nIn general, when a person who speaks impolitely suddenly starts to speak\npolitely, you can anticipate something bad follows :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-07T02:38:54.827",
"id": "25553",
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25549
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25553
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25553
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "25555",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading an old book (こころ by 夏目漱石) and there's an unfamiliar grammatical\nphrasing that has fallen out of fashion and/or that he was rather fond of:\n~だの~だの, e.g.:\n\n。。。イサベラ何何の墓 **だの** 、神僕ロギンの墓 **だの** というかたわらに。。。\n\nThe dictionary I use suggests it's similar to など/とか in meaning&usage. Are\nthere any important differences?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-07T05:09:29.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25554",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-07T07:35:03.277",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-07T05:14:16.983",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9792",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Difference between だの and など/とか",
"view_count": 611
}
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[
{
"body": "There indeed exists a fairly important difference between 「～～だの～～だの」 and the\nother juxtaposition structures such as 「～～とか～～とか」、「～～や～～など」、「～～とか～～など」, etc.\n\nThe difference is that 「～～だの～～だの」 would generally imply the speaker's negative\nfeelings about the items being juxtaposed all by itself **_even without using\nfurther negative words around it_**.\n\nThe other forms of juxtaposition do not carry either a positive or negative\nconnotation all by themselves. That value judgement would need to be expressed\nwith other wordings around them.\n\n**To put it in the simplest terms possible, you are complaining about\nsomething 95% of the time you use 「～～だの～～だの」.**\n\nBy \"negative feelings\" in this case, I am referring to juxtaposing:\n\n1) worthless items or statements by the speaker's judgement (I did not mention\njuxtaposing statements above but it is a feature of the だのだの form.)\n\n2) unrealistic and/or unsubstantial items by the speaker's judgement\n\nIn OP's example, the 「何何」 part of 「イサベラ何何の墓だの」 alone already expresses the\nspeaker's negative feeling, IMHO.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-07T07:35:03.277",
"id": "25555",
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25554
|
25555
|
25555
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "25558",
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"body": "I might, for example, come across one of these lines after a battle in a RPG\nor whatever. いくわよ・いくぞ by themselves can mean things like \"let's go\", \"let's do\nthis\" etc, but I'm not quite sure how どんどん changes this. Based on the\ndefinitions I can find it seems to add the element of \"continuation\" but also\nthat it's done \"vigorously\". But my question is what does it mean. Is it an\nimperative like \"let's keep it up people\" or is it an imperative to pick up\nthe pace?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-07T10:29:29.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25557",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-07T10:36:07.197",
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"owner_user_id": "10555",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of どんどんいくぞ/わよ?",
"view_count": 412
}
|
[
{
"body": "どんどん行く = to keep on going.\n\nThus \"どんどん行くわよ/行くぞ\" = \"let's keep on going, okay?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-07T10:36:07.197",
"id": "25558",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-07T10:36:07.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
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25557
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25558
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25558
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "25561",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "If both are correct, are there any differences between them?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-07T13:48:26.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25559",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-07T14:42:15.960",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3273",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-と",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "犬と猫が好き or 犬も猫も好き, which one is correct?",
"view_count": 301
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"犬と猫が好き\" = \"I like dogs and cats (among animals.)\" A typical answer to the\nquestion \"what kind of animals do you like?\"\n\n\"犬も猫も好き\" = \"I like both dogs and cats.\" A possible answer to the question\n\"which do you like better, dogs or cats?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-07T14:22:49.810",
"id": "25560",
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{
"body": "Both are 100% grammatical and natural-sounding, but since the two phrases are\nused in different situations/contexts, they are **_not_** interchangeable.\n\n「犬{いぬ}と猫{ねこ}が好{す}き」 is said when \"dogs and cats\" have **_not_** specifically\nbeen mentioned between the speaker and listener.\n\nThe best example of that situation would be when someone asks you the\nquestion: 「どんな動物{どうぶつ}が好{す}きですか。」 = \"What (kinds of) animals do you like?\". If\nyou like dogs and cats, you will say 「犬と猫が好きです。」. You can **_never_** answer\nthat question by saying 「犬も猫も好きです。」.\n\nMoving on...\n\n「犬も猫も好き」 is said when \"dogs and cats\" have specifically been mentioned and\nthey are now the topic of the conversation.\n\nThe best example of this situation is when someone asks you the question:\n「犬と猫では、どちらが好きですか。」 = \"Which do you like better, dogs or cats?\". If you like\nboth almost equally, you can say 「犬も猫も好きです。」. You would sound **_incredibly\nweird_** if you answered that question by saying 「犬と猫が好きです。」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-07T14:42:15.960",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 8
}
] |
25559
|
25561
|
25561
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "25569",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Consider the following two sentences,\n\n 1. 仕{し}事{ごと}が早{はや}く終{お}わったら行きます。\n 2. 仕{し}事{ごと}が早{はや}く終{お}われば行きます。\n\nIs there any difference between them?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-08T04:07:36.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25565",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-19T17:04:43.337",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Is there any difference between 早く終われば and 早く終わったら?",
"view_count": 712
}
|
[
{
"body": "They have exactly the same meaning, namely \"I will go (there) if I finish the\ntask early.\"\n\nSome may argue that 仕事が早く終われば sounds a bit more formal, though.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-08T04:48:35.660",
"id": "25566",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-08T10:48:31.273",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-08T10:48:31.273",
"last_editor_user_id": "10402",
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25565",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "There are few chances you could sense the difference outside some edge cases\nbut, yes, they have a little difference such as...\n\n`AたらB` literally comes from \"When A is over, then B\", so it could imply that A\nhas higher probability to be satisfied. `A(れ)ばB`, on the other hand, doesn't\nget along with an A happens as matter of course.\n\n> 明日起き **たら** 電話します。 (Fine.)\n>\n> 明日起き **れば** 電話します。 (Won't you get up tomorrow!?)\n\n`AたらB` can describe a one-off event, where `AればB` indicates general condition.\n\n> 天国に行っ **たら** 何をしますか？ (Fine.)\n>\n> 天国に行 **けば** 何をしますか？ (Are you going to heaven every vacation!?)\n\n(Note: judgements may vary among speakers, see the discussion below.)\n\nAs an aside, `たら` is not formal language. You should use `-たならば` in those\nsettings.",
"comment_count": 13,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-08T05:50:22.837",
"id": "25569",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-09T04:32:15.230",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "25565",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "I think what happened here is that eltonjohn and broccoli forest answered two\ndifferent questions.\n\nConsider the following two sentences,\n\n> 1.仕事が早く終わったら行きます。\n>\n> 2.仕事が早く終われば行きます。\n\nIs there any difference between them?\n\neltonjohn says...\n\n> They have exactly the same meaning, namely \"I will go (there) if I finish\n> the task early.\" \n> Some may argue that 仕事が早く終われば sounds a bit more formal, though.\n\nI believe this is 100% correct.\n\nHowever, broccoli forest says...\n\n> There are few chances you could sense the difference outside some edge cases\n> but, yes, they have a little difference such as...\n>\n> AたらB literally comes from \"When A is over, then B\", so it could imply that A\n> has higher probability to be satisfied. A(れ)ばB, on the other hand, doesn't\n> get along with an A happens as matter of course.\n\nThis is also 100% correct.\n\nHow?\n\nBecause eltonjohn is talking about the specific example given, while broccoli\nforest is talking about the difference between たら and えば in general.\n\nえば _is_ more hypothetical than たら, **but when you add the qualifier 早く** ,\nyou're automatically taking the statement into hypothetical terrain, thus\nnegating the difference between the two.\n\nIn other words...\n\n> 1.仕事が終わったら行きます。\n>\n> 2.仕事が終われば行きます。\n\n... are slightly different in that in 1., the job finishing is practically a\ngiven, while the same can't be said for 2. (maybe I'll finish, maybe I won't)\n\n**BUT...**\n\n> 1.仕事が早く終わったら行きます。\n>\n> 2.仕事が早く終われば行きます。\n\nIn neither case is the job finishing _soon_ a given - just adding the\nqualifier 早く kills any distinction.\n\nThink about it:\n\n仕事が終わったら行きます can be translated as \"I'll go once the job is done\", whereas\n仕事が早く終わったら行きます _has_ to be translated something like \"I'll go provided I\nfinish the job quickly.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-19T16:14:34.980",
"id": "34223",
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"parent_id": "25565",
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"score": 0
}
] |
25565
|
25569
|
25569
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25568",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "なくちゃ is the short informal of なくてはいけません but why is there なくちゃいけないの rather than\nなくちゃの?\n\nFor me, なくちゃいけないの sounds like double negative being used here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-08T04:56:33.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25567",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-11T03:15:58.147",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "なくちゃ is the short informal of なくてはいけません but why is there なくちゃいけないの rather than なくちゃの?",
"view_count": 703
}
|
[
{
"body": "> なくちゃ is the short informal of なくてはいけません\n\nWell, なくちゃ is a contracted form of なくては. It has no \"counterpart\" for the part\nいけません in the _formal_ sense.\n\nFor your information,\n\nなくてはいけません -> なくちゃいけません -> なくちゃいけない -> なくちゃだめ -> なくちゃ\n\nis epitomising the process of (possible) contraction, but you should be\ncareful in resorting to the final (rightmost) step. If you are talking with\nsomeone whom you are familiar with, there is little room for\nconfusion/misunderstanding, but remember that なくちゃ without いけません (or いけないの or\nwhatever) is very colloquial and casual.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-08T05:08:58.647",
"id": "25568",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25567",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
25567
|
25568
|
25568
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25572",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How do you say \"to do something _back_ \" in Japanese?\n\nFor example, I read on the internet that if a horse bites you the best thing\nto do is \"to bite back\".\n\n> How would you say \"to bite back\" in Japanese?\n\nOf course, this construction is universal in that you can \"do anything back\"\nbasically. Another example would be \"to kiss someone back\".\n\n> Is there a general construction for \"to do X back\" in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-08T11:27:21.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25571",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-08T11:34:55.520",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "\"to bite *back*\"?",
"view_count": 636
}
|
[
{
"body": "The general construction is ～返{かえ}す.\n\nLet me list an example:\n\nto bite back = 噛{かみ}付{つ}き返{かえ}す\n\nRemember, however, this construction has a negative connotation.\n\nIn the case of \"to kiss someone back\" I would say キスのお返しをする.",
"comment_count": 17,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-08T11:34:55.520",
"id": "25572",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25571",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
25571
|
25572
|
25572
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25575",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that if I want to say \"You're cold!\" I can just say \"つめたい！\"\n\nBut is there a way of saying \"Please don't be cold to me\"?\n\nThe whole context is truly too long to put into this question but basically I\nwould like to know how to ask\n\n> Did you tell XY to not be cold to me?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-08T13:10:08.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25574",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-08T13:33:55.113",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "How to say \"Don't treat me coldly\"?",
"view_count": 1242
}
|
[
{
"body": "I guess the appropriate expression for \"please don't be cold to me\" may depend\non the situation.\n\nOne possibility is \"お手{て}柔{やわ}らかに\" which means \"please do not be harsh on me.\"\n\nOr you can say \"冷{つめ}たくしないでよ\" if you prefer more straight (= non euphemistic)\nexpression.\n\nAnd for \"did you tell XY to not be cold to me?\" I would say\n\"私{わたし}に冷{つめ}たくしないように、XYに言{い}ってくれた？\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-08T13:33:55.113",
"id": "25575",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-08T13:33:55.113",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25574",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
25574
|
25575
|
25575
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25581",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found it from the following sentence.\n\nはてね その先はどう **つなぎゃ** いいんだ。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-09T15:20:02.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25577",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-09T19:56:32.437",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does the word 「つなぎゃ」mean?",
"view_count": 148
}
|
[
{
"body": "「つな **ぎゃ** 」 is the colloquial pronunciation of 「つな **げば** 」= 「繋げば」\n\nThe meaning of the sentence 「はてね その先はどうつなぎゃいいんだ。」 is highly contextual.\n\n「つなぐ」 can mean \"to tie\", \"to fasten\", \"to connect\", \"to keep something going\",\netc.\n\nI would be inclined to think that it would be about keeping a\nstory/explanation going in a logical manner -- something like **\"How should I\nkeep it flowing from here?\"** -- but without further context provided, this\nwould be nothing but speculation.\n\nOther examples of **_colloquial conditional forms_** :\n\n開{ひら}きゃ、食{た}べりゃ、見{み}りゃ、泳{およ}ぎゃ、行{い}きゃ、いりゃ、ありゃ, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-09T19:56:32.437",
"id": "25581",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "25577",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
25577
|
25581
|
25581
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25583",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Sometimes you can combine verbs as such: \n飲{の}み込{こ}む \n食{た}べ始{はじ}める \n乗{の}り換{か}える \nなど\n\nUsing that as a pattern, I said the following in a discussion with a person I\njust met from Hiroshima. The context was that I was relating how I had worked\nat the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission research institute (which is located on\ntop of a hill in Hijiyama Park):\n\n> 比治山公園を登ったり降りたり、よく考え迷いました。\n\nintended meaning:\n\n> Frequently when I went up to the research institute in Hijiyama Park, I had\n> conflicted feelings.\n\nBased on the verb combination pattern (mentioned above), I just said \"\n**考え迷う** \". Would a native speaker ever say that? Would a native speaker have\nany idea of my intended meaning (given the context that I mentioned above)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-09T17:28:13.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25578",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-09T21:02:08.830",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-09T17:43:12.717",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Can I say \"考え迷う\"?",
"view_count": 213
}
|
[
{
"body": "We do say 「考{かんが}え迷{まよ}う」, so the phrase certainly is nothing new or strange\nin itself.\n\nThe real question, however, is whether or not it fits your particular context.\n「考え迷う」 would often represent indecision, passivity and randomness. If that\nwere the kind of thinking that you were involved in, it would be a reasonable\nword choice.\n\nIf you had more \"concrete\" thoughts, it could possibly be expressed better\nwith another verb phrase that is stronger than 「考え迷う」 such as\n「葛藤{かっとう}に苦{くる}しむ」、「葛藤が生{しょう}じる」, etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-09T21:02:08.830",
"id": "25583",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-09T21:02:08.830",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "25578",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
25578
|
25583
|
25583
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading a book when I stumbled upon the term 真綿感. A trip to the\ndictionary didn't give me an exact match (it says that 真綿 is \"silk floss\" and\nthat 真綿で首を絞める is \"to drag things out\" or \"to strangle with a silk cord\") and a\nquick google seach showed me two different uses.\n\nThe first of those uses is applied mainly to fabric, \"a silky feeling\".\n\nThe second of those uses, which by context seems to be the one I'm looking\nfor, appears to be some kind of slang, youth or net term, but I couldn't find\nit even on an online zokugo dictionary. [This is an example of use where the\nword comes up three times.](http://kazekara.com/hello-my-world10/)\n\nI had found another context where the sentence was closer to the one I found\nin the book I'm reading, but I'm not sure if the site is breaking copyright,\nso I better don't link to it. If you want, I can write the original sentence,\nbut it's broken and needs context.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-09T18:51:47.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25579",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-10T05:21:35.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9769",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Weird term 真綿感. What does it mean?",
"view_count": 350
}
|
[
{
"body": "真綿感 itself is not an idiomatic phrase, but this 真綿感 is a weak reference to the\nwell-known idiom 真綿で首を絞める, meaning \"something unpleasant is happening very\nslowly\", \"to torture slowly by an indirect means\", etc. And this 真綿 (floss\nsilk) represents something 'indirect', 'vague', or 'fuzzy'.\n\nIn the linked example, the author was disappointed by the quality of sushi,\nbut did not exactly know who to blame or how to justify his anger. So this 真綿感\nrefers to essentially the same thing as \"モヤモヤとした\" just before it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T01:04:44.010",
"id": "25590",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-10T05:21:35.700",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-10T05:21:35.700",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "25579",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
25579
| null |
25590
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25582",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can someone please explain which part of this sentence こうして is modifying and\nhow it is changing the meaning of the sentence:\n\n> 鴫｛しぎ｝を見るために、行ったことはあったが、暑い季節に **こうして** 弁当まで持っていくのは初めてである。\n\nWithout こうして I translate this as\n\n> I have been to see the sandpipers before, but this is my first time bringing\n> a lunch along in the hot season.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-09T19:46:06.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25580",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-09T20:12:48.410",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Use of こうして in this sentence",
"view_count": 1198
}
|
[
{
"body": "「こうして」 modifies the whole verb phrase 「弁当{べんとう}まで持{も}っていく」.\n\nIt is saying that they have been to the place before, but it is the first time\nthat they have gone there by even bringing a lunch **_like this_** in the hot\nseason.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-09T20:12:48.410",
"id": "25582",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-09T20:12:48.410",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "25580",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
25580
|
25582
|
25582
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25585",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've seen several native Japanese sentences, particularly in novels and music,\nwhere there are two words that both mean the same thing but are still used\ntogether.\n\nMy most recent situation is as follows: 「記憶の **すべて何もかも** 黒に沈めて堕ちていく。」\n\n「記憶のすべて」 is referring to the entirety of the speaker's memories. But why has\n何もかも been added after? It is perhaps to add emphasis? Is there a way to\ntranslate it into natural English?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-09T22:05:18.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25584",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-09T22:47:39.037",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10487",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Two words, same meaning, used together?",
"view_count": 367
}
|
[
{
"body": "Altogether, it would mean something on the lines of \" **Each and every of**\nhis memories turned black.\" \n\nI left it as \"turned black\" because, even though I understand that it probably\nmeans that he's lost them, as I'm not aware of the context, I can't offer a\nbetter suited adaptation. Still, as you see, chaining up expressions that\ntranslate to the same in English has the same effect as using a higher tier of\nthe same expression in English, close to what you say of \"adding emphasis\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-09T22:47:39.037",
"id": "25585",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-09T22:47:39.037",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9769",
"parent_id": "25584",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
25584
|
25585
|
25585
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25589",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This is something I've been wondering about for a very long time now.\njisho.org lists quite many different words for \"appointment\" like e.g.\n任命、待ち合わせ、予約 and a few more.\n\nBut it's not clear to me which to use when. So my question today is how do I\nsay\n\n> I'd like to make an appointment. (when for example calling up a doctor's\n> practice)\n\nand how to say\n\n> I'd like to make an appointment to change my foreign driver's license into a\n> Japanese one. (when calling up the prefectural police)\n\nI'm sure I had other situations where I really really needed this word but\ndidn't know it but right now I can't remember.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-09T23:39:02.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25586",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-10T10:31:34.820",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How to say I want to make an appointment?",
"view_count": 10766
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would say\n\n> 予{よ}約{やく}をお願{ねが}いしたいのですが\n\nfor \"I'd like to make an appointment. (when for example calling up a doctor's\npractice)\"\n\nand\n\n>\n> 外{がい}国{こく}の運{うん}転{てん}免{めん}許{きょ}を日{に}本{ほん}のものに切{き}り替{か}えたいのですが、予{よ}約{やく}をお願{ねが}いします\n\nfor \"I'd like to make an appointment to change my foreign driver's license\ninto a Japanese one. (when calling up the prefectural police)\"\n\nFor the record, Japanese version ->\n<https://www.police.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/guide/menkyo/gai_menkyo-kirikae.html>\nuses the word 予約.\n\nFor the record (again,) 任命 corresponds to \"an act of assigning a job or\nposition to someone,\" and 待ち合わせ corresponds to \"an arrangement to meet someone\nat a particular time and place\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T00:46:01.933",
"id": "25589",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-10T10:31:34.820",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-10T10:31:34.820",
"last_editor_user_id": "10402",
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25586",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "In general, 予約 is the word you would want to use in this situation. It can be\nan appointment or a reservation.\n\nRegarding the other words you listed, 待ち合わせ is usually used to refer to\nwaiting for someone at a particular place and time, like meeting your friend\nat the subway station's north exit at 2pm. That would be your 待ち合わせ場所 and\n待ち合わせ時間. This also correlates with the waiting room at a hospital being a 待合室.\n\n任命 is an appointment, but in the sense of someone being appointed to a\nposition as in: The company announced Mr. Tanaka's appointment as the new\ngeneral manager.\n\nIn everyday speech アポ from the English word \"appointment\" is often used with\nthe verb 取る.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T05:51:36.457",
"id": "25593",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-10T05:51:36.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10577",
"parent_id": "25586",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
25586
|
25589
|
25589
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25588",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Shouldn't it be pronounced as konnichiha?\n\nOr spelled こんにちわ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T00:20:33.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25587",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T15:36:54.203",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-07T15:36:54.203",
"last_editor_user_id": "11849",
"owner_user_id": "10573",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Why is こんにちは pronounced as konnichiwa?",
"view_count": 817
}
|
[
{
"body": "Are you are talking about 今{こん}日{にち}は?\n\nI guess you can see everything you need by looking at ruby characters above.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T00:31:25.493",
"id": "25588",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-10T00:31:25.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25587",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
25587
|
25588
|
25588
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25592",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I haven't really read any guides on Japanese grammar (except occasionally\nlooking up pages of Tae Kim's when I need something explained), so I became\nquite confused when I saw things on Twitter like これすごい (instead of something\nlike これ **は** すごい). I also noticed people seem to do the same thing with\nverbs, like saying アニメ見た instead of アニメ **を** 見た (that's probably a bad\nexample, but it's the first thing I could come up with).\n\nSo what is up with this? Is there some sort of pattern behind it I can follow?\nAt first I thought it was something done in a casual setting (like a Tweet),\nbut I feel like I've seen the same thing done in more polite Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T03:19:37.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25591",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-10T05:11:59.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10575",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "Leaving out particles before adjectives/verbs?",
"view_count": 197
}
|
[
{
"body": "Colloquialism often amounts to simplify things by contracting or entirely\nomitting supposed-to-be-easily-understood elements. Thus those particles are\nthe victims of such tendency. It is not recommended to follow that in formal\ndocuments. Does this make sense?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T05:11:59.367",
"id": "25592",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-10T05:11:59.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25591",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
25591
|
25592
|
25592
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25595",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> この力によって神様達は下界の者達 **に** 持ち上げられる。\n\nAre the 下界の者達 the ones doing the action of 持ち上げられる to the 神様達 or are the 神様達\nthe ones doing the action of 持ち上げられる？\n\nI'm confused because I learned passive form as [subject] wa/ga [agent] ni\n[passive form verb], but the translation for this is: This power is basically\nwhat the gods gave the to the Lower World Humans.\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T14:48:26.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25594",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-10T15:48:43.047",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the direction of に in this sentence?",
"view_count": 107
}
|
[
{
"body": "Translation is an art. It could help you learn a foreign language just as\noften as it could get in your way of understanding it.\n\n> \" This power is basically what the gods gave the to the Lower World Humans.\"\n\nis clearly **_not_** a literal translation of the original:\n\n> 「この力{ちから}によって神様達{かみさまたち} **は** 下界{げかい}の者達{ものたち} **に** 持{も}ち上{あ}げられる。」\n\nIn the original, the subject of the sentence is 「神様達」, but in the translation,\nit is \"this power\".\n\n> Are the 下界の者達 the ones doing the action of 持ち上げ **られる** to the 神様達 or are\n> the 神様達 the ones doing the action of 持ち上げ **られる** ？\n\n「下界の者達」 are the ones doing the action of 「持ち上げる」, not of 「持ち上げ **られる** 」. They\nare doing the \"lifting up\" the 「神様達」 with the help of 「この力」.\n\n「神様達」 are on the receiving end of that action performed by 「下界の者達」.\n\n「下界の者達 **に** 」 = 「 **by** 下界の者達」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T15:42:39.677",
"id": "25595",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-10T15:42:39.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "25594",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
25594
|
25595
|
25595
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25639",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As far as I'm aware, they both mean to complain or grumble. When would I use\n[四]{し}の[五]{ご}の言う as opposed to 文句を言う？",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T16:01:44.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25597",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-12T08:35:52.900",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-10T18:34:02.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between [四]{し}の[五]{ご}の言う and 文句を言う?",
"view_count": 235
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would say that there is a clear difference in nuance and usage. Careful\nspeakers would not use the two interchangeably -- at least not all the time.\n\n「文句{もんく}を言{い}う」 sounds pretty **_neutral_** and accordingly, it is used\nwidely. The phrase itself expresses no personal bias on the part of the\nspeaker unless other words are added that can express it.\n\n「四{し}の五{ご}の言う」 is an idiomatic expression that is much more **_nuanced_** than\na \"regular and literal\" phrase like 「文句を言う」.\n\nIf you used 「四の五の言う」 to describe someone's complaint, you would sound like you\nare saying that the other person is always complaining for the sake of\ncomplaining or he was complaining about a trivial matter. You would almost\nsurely sound angry, irritated or frustrated as well.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-12T08:35:52.900",
"id": "25639",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-12T08:35:52.900",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "25597",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
25597
|
25639
|
25639
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a question regarding the following passage:\n\n>\n> 何でもいいから、笑わせておればいいのだ、そうすると、人間たちは、自分が彼[等]{ら}の[所謂]{いわゆる}「生活」の[外]{そと}にいても、あまりそれを気にしないのではないかしら、とにかく、彼等人間たちの[目障]{めざわ}りになってはいけない、自分は無だ、風だ、[空]{そら}だ、というような思いばかりが[募]{つの}り、自分はお[道化]{どうけ/どけ}に[依]{よ}って家族を笑わせ、また、家族よりも、もっと[不可解]{ふかかい}でおそろしい[下男]{げなん}や[下女]{げじょ}にまで、必死のお道化のサーヴィスをしたのです。\n\n(I do not own the book in Japanese, I found the above text\n[here](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000035/files/301_14912.html).)\n\nWould it be possible just for the part **自分は無だ、風だ、空だ** to stand on its own as\na full-fledged sentence, would it be grammatically correct? Also in the book I\nown it is translated as \"I shall be nothing, the wind, the sky.\", which sounds\nall right to me as a sentence in English, but I am not sure about this bit in\nJapanese.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T16:09:15.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25598",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-18T02:39:19.877",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-10T19:02:41.190",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "10581",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Dazai Osamu - 人間失格 「自分は[無]{む}だ、[風]{かぜ}だ、[空]{そら}だ」 grammar?",
"view_count": 503
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「自分{じぶん}は無{む}だ、風{かぜ}だ、空{そら}だ。」\n\nNo, this \"phrase\" does not stand on its own as a full-fledged sentence or be\ngrammatical by the \"textbook\" standards. **_It does not even come close_**.\n\nIn the context where this phrase was used, however, there is absolutely no\nproblem with it. The phrase was not created to appear in textbooks or grammar\nbooks in the first place; therefore, it should not be judged by their\nstandards.\n\n> 「自分は無だ、風だ、空だ、 **というような思い** ばかりが募{つの}り」\n\nAs the quotative particle 「と」 tells us, the phrase 『自分は無だ、風だ、空だ』 is only a\nline that someone said or thought to himself, not to another person. These\nlines tend to be more intuitive in nature and often \"broken\" by textbook\nstandards.\n\nEvery Japanese-speaker would know without even thinking that the phrase means\nthe same thing as:\n\n「自分は無であり、風であり、空で（も）ある。」 or\n\n「自分は無で、風で、そして空で（も）ある。」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T07:34:50.593",
"id": "25613",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-18T02:39:19.877",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-18T02:39:19.877",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "25598",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
25598
| null |
25613
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25601",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context:\n\n\n\nWhy \"え\" is used here? What does it mean?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T16:54:16.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25600",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-03T15:02:05.900",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-03T15:02:05.900",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10528",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 16,
"tags": [
"particles",
"manga",
"compensatory-lengthening"
],
"title": "手えふった - what is the \"え” here?",
"view_count": 2478
}
|
[
{
"body": "The small `ぇ` in `手ぇふった` is a way of indicating in writing the compensatory\nlengthening of the vowel in a single-mora word that sometimes occurs when the\nfollowing case particle `を` is omitted in familiar speech. This is described\nin _The Phonology of Japanese_ (Labrune 2012) in section 2.7.5, 'Prosodic\nLengthening'.\n\nSo as Yang Muye says, it means `手をふった`.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T18:07:18.107",
"id": "25601",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-10T18:07:18.107",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "25600",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 22
}
] |
25600
|
25601
|
25601
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25610",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm playing through Toradora right now, and there's a scene where Ryuuji\napologizes to his mom because he can't remember anything. She responds with\n「ううん、謝んなくったっていいんだよ。」\n\nI understand she's saying don't apologize, but I've never seen an ending with\nなくった before. Is this some kind of colloquial contraction?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T19:43:33.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25602",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-11T05:32:06.380",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-10T20:04:32.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "3437",
"owner_user_id": "10587",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "What kind of conjugation is 謝んなくった？",
"view_count": 233
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「謝{あやま} **ん** なく **ったって** いい **ん** だよ。」\n\nNeedless to say, this is colloquial speech which uses what I call the \"two\ndistinct hallmarks\" of colloquial speech -- **「ん」 and the small 「っ」**.\n\nNow, watch the hallmarks disappear instantly as I put the phrase into the\n\"dictionary\" form.\n\n> 「謝らなくてもいいのですよ」\n\nIn Kanto (and even a larger area because of TV), 「ら」 often changes to 「ん」 in\n**negative verb forms** in colloquial speech.\n\n謝 **ら** ない to 謝 **ん** ない、わか **ら** ない to わか **ん** ない、太{ふと} **ら** ない to 太 **ん**\nない, etc.\n\n「たって/ったって」 is also a very common 'word' which should be in any free online\ndictionaries. Not sure about bilingual dictionaries as I do not use them\n(because I do not trust them much).\n\n<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6-561378#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88>\n\n「～～たって/ったって」 means 「～～ても」 or 「～～たとしても」= **_\"even if\"_**. Thus, 「謝んなくったって」 is\nin the concessive conditional form. The speaker is offering a concession to\nthe listener.\n\n「ったって」 sounds slightly more emphatic than 「たって」. That is the power of the\nsmall 「っ」 to begin with. With double small 「っ」, 「ったって」 would naturally sound\nvery colloquial -- even to the point of sounding slangy.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T02:03:26.220",
"id": "25610",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-11T05:32:06.380",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-11T05:32:06.380",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "25602",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
25602
|
25610
|
25610
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25616",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I saw it used and don't understand it. Here's the usage:\n\n> お陰で村を囲む堀や、防護柵も完全に機能させられるほどの出来になっていた。\n\nAny translation of 出来 (でき) I can think of sounds nonsensical. Could someone\npoint me in the right direction?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T21:11:17.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25603",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-11T19:02:49.113",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 出来になる mean?",
"view_count": 693
}
|
[
{
"body": "These definitions seem relevant:\n\n> 出来 - workmanship; craftsmanship; execution; finish; quality\n\nHowever it may make more sense when you consider that 出来 is the stem form of\n出来る, which can mean the following:\n\n> 出来る - to be made; to be built; to be ready; to be completed\n\nBasically, 出来になっていた means that the construction was becoming complete or\ncompleted.\n\nほど means \"extent,\" but often it may be more accurately translated at \"to the\nextent that.\"\n\nHere is my updated translation:\n\n> お陰で村を囲む堀や、防護柵も完全に機能させられるほどの出来になっていた。 \n> Thanks to that, the ditch and protective fence surrounding the village were\n> also built to the extent of functioning perfectly.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-10T23:07:54.300",
"id": "25604",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-11T19:02:49.113",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-11T19:02:49.113",
"last_editor_user_id": "9981",
"owner_user_id": "9981",
"parent_id": "25603",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "The 出来 means [出来栄]{できば}え, 完成度, クオリティ, etc.\n\n「～～するほどの出来/出来栄え/完成度だった・になっていた」 means 「～～するほど出来/出来栄えがよかった」「～～するほど完成度/質が高かった」.\n\nI think it's like:\n\n\"(Something) was so well-made that it could~~\" \n\"The quality (of something) was good enough to~~\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T09:04:52.163",
"id": "25616",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-11T10:14:12.443",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-11T10:14:12.443",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "25603",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
25603
|
25616
|
25616
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25607",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I started learning Japanese very recently. The spelling of やっぱり (yappari)\nseems odd to me. The second letter in やっぱり is tsu in hiragana (っ) which is not\npronounced. Why?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T01:16:04.810",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25605",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-01T10:53:53.037",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-11T01:24:39.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "10580",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"spelling",
"gemination"
],
"title": "Why is やっぱり (yappari) spelled the way it is?",
"view_count": 654
}
|
[
{
"body": "やっぱり = 矢{や}張{は}り.\n\nIf you pronouce 張 as ぱ, the entity would become やぱり which sounds awkward. To\nfacilitate the pronunciation, we insert っ. The 'っ' character is the reason why\nthere's 2 p's. For more detail look at this ->\n<http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BF%83%E9%9F%B3%E4%BE%BF>.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T01:31:06.617",
"id": "25607",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-01T10:53:53.037",
"last_edit_date": "2020-05-01T10:53:53.037",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25605",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
25605
|
25607
|
25607
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25627",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a difference between ダンス and 踊り? They are both defined as dance in\nthe dictionary.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T01:17:23.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25606",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-11T22:46:17.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10191",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 踊り and ダンス",
"view_count": 2468
}
|
[
{
"body": "ダンス(dansu) is a Loanword from English. A word borrowed from English into\nJapanese (Anglicism, English Garaigo). Derived from the English word \"Dance\".\nダンス is more used to refer foreign dance styles as Waltz, Hip-Hop, Ballet.\n\n踊り(odori) is the traditional native japanese word with same meaning. An\ninflexion of the word \"踊る(odoru)\" meaning \"to dance\".\n\n踊り is more general, referring also to the traditional Japanese dance. As\n盆踊り(Bon-Odori) performed on お盆祭り(O-Bon Festival)(O-Bon Matsuri).\n\n舞踊(buyou) and 舞踏(butou) are loanwords from Chinese, with same meaning. As in\n日本舞踊(nihon butou) or the George R. R. Martin book \"竜との舞踏\"(Dance with\ndragons)(ryuutono butou) title.\n\n舞い(mai) is also used, coming from the verb \"舞う(mau)\" also meaning \"to dance\".\n\n\"踊り\" is also spelled \"躍り\" or \"踴り\".\n\nSynonyms exists in any language. It's why 'Thesaurus' exists for the English\nlanguage too.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T21:12:18.580",
"id": "25627",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-11T22:46:17.193",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-11T22:46:17.193",
"last_editor_user_id": "10597",
"owner_user_id": "10597",
"parent_id": "25606",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
25606
|
25627
|
25627
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25612",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to translate into Japanese for an academic paper a quote from a\n19th century eugenics book into Japanese. It contains the phrase \"Those with\nlower ideals will continue to restrict their families, and, with **the weaker\nand unsound stocks** , will weed themselves out of the race.\"\n\nI found 虚弱体質である、身体が虚弱である、身体が弱い、病身である for \"have a weak constitution\";\n体質が健全だ、体格がいい for \"have a good constitution\"; and よいしつけ、正しい作法、育ちの良い for \"of\ngood breeding\".\n\nHowever, none of these include the English nuance about animals that are in\nthe words \"stock\" (as in \"livestock\") or \"breeding,\" which I think should come\nacross in a book written by misled eugenicists who considered some human\nfamilies to be quality stock and others to be low quality stock. I'm looking\nfor **a word in Japanese that could be used to refer to humans but is largely\nassociated with the idea of animals as a lower species**. To refer to the\npeople who the authors thought should die off as 方、者、or 人 seems like the\ndemeaning nuance would be lost.\n\nMy translation so far is as follows, with the spots for \"stock\" marked by\nblanks:\n\n> \"[T]he realization of the power of limiting the birth-rate . . . [means]\n> [t]hose who, sound in body and mind, possess a high moral tone and a clear\n> appreciation of their social responsibilities . . . will produce many\n> offspring. Those with lower ideals will continue to restrict their families,\n> and, with the weaker and unsound stocks, will weed themselves out of the\n> race.\"\n>\n>\n> 「出生率を制限するの力が実現される意味は心身ともに健全である、倫理的に高い基準を示す、社会的責任をはっきりと理解するは多くの子孫を生み出すことになる。理想が弱く者は彼らの家族を制限続けると、身体が虚弱である____と精神障害を抱えている____とともに、自分自身が人類から一掃する」\n\n(There are probably various grammatical errors in the translation at this\npoint [1st draft] so I apologize for that [any tips on improving it as a whole\nwould be gladly welcome as well].)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T04:20:51.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25611",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "4547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances",
"phrases"
],
"title": "How do you say \"of good stock\" vs. \"of weak stock\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 198
}
|
[
{
"body": "In that context I would use \"家{か}系{けい}\" or \"系{けい}統{とう}\" meaning \"lineage\" and\n\"descent\" respectively.\n\nAnd I wonder if the following helps :\n\n>\n> 「出生率を制限する力が実現する」とは、心身ともに健全で、倫理的に高い基準を持ち、社会的責任を明確に理解した人々が多くの子孫を生み出し、基準値が低い人々は、その家族の(構成員)数を減らし、身体が虚弱で精神障害を抱えている系統は、競争から脱落する、という意味である\n\nOf course the above is one of many possibilities.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T05:33:39.980",
"id": "25612",
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"last_editor_user_id": "10402",
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25611",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
25611
|
25612
|
25612
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25618",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Some verbs are commonly used in the -て + いる form. For example, \"住んでいる\" or\n\"知っている\". Do dictionaries typically indicate that they're used that way?\n\n[jisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%8B) (which is sometimes\ndescribed as being a mile wide, but an inch deep) doesn't seem to, and it\nseems [weblio](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BD%8F%E3%82%80) sometimes\ndoesn't.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T07:37:18.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25614",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-11T09:53:41.120",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"dictionary"
],
"title": "Do dictionaries indicate whether a verb should be used with -て + いる form?",
"view_count": 85
}
|
[
{
"body": "Not ever in my experience. ～ている is actually a grammar point, which explains\nwhy it wouldn't be in a dictionary for looking up vocabulary words. Yeah, the\nchances of you using 知る or 住む are rare, but the dictionary assumes you just\nwant to know the word and already know how to use it. Often, this isn't the\ncase, but that's why you study outside of dictionaries, haha.\n\nI hope this makes sense... I have a habit of misunderstanding questions.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T09:53:41.120",
"id": "25618",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-11T09:53:41.120",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10487",
"parent_id": "25614",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
25614
|
25618
|
25618
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Phrases involving verb-ばいい occur frequently and yet I can't find it mentioned\nin any of my grammar resources. I understand that literally it means \"if I do\nverb, it is good\" but that rarely works as a sensible translation. The\nsentence that caused my question is\n\n> なんと呼びかければいいのかと質問してみたのであるが、...\n\nWhich I'm translating as\n\n> I tried inquiring as to how I should address him but, ...\n\nIt confused me because, whilst it isn't a wild step to go from ' if you do x\nit will be good' to 'you should do x', putting the question word なんと at the\nfront makes that simple logic fail.\n\nSo my question is what is the general grammar for verb-ばいい (with and without\nquestion words)? What range of meanings can this phrase have? Also, can I\nreplace いい with よくない to invert the meanings? Thanks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T08:59:02.637",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25615",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-15T17:55:58.600",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "The grammar of verb in ば form followed by いい",
"view_count": 228
}
|
[
{
"body": "In my experience, Japanese uses this ～ばいい WAY more than we would in English.\nTextbooks and what-not break it down by saying \"if you do ~, it's good\"\nbecause it helps you grasp the concept quickly and allows you to break the\nsentence up into understandable chunks. When trying to translate something\nlike this into natural English, however, you will often find this grammar\n(translated literally like this) does not make sense. So, you're correct in\nthis case.\n\nI often just translate it as... \n\"It's fine to ~.\" \n\"I'm all right with you ~.\" \n\"I should ~.\" \nAnd much more, but it always depends on the context.\n\nIn this case, I'd personally go with something like...\n\n```\n\n \"I tried asking what he would like to be called, but...\"\n \n```\n\nBut it's up to you. You can do as you see fit based on the whole context, the\ncharacter of the speaker, etc, etc\n\nAs always, I'm never sure I'm 100% right. So, if you or anyone else coming on\nhere knows more on the subject and finds I'm incorrect, please post a\ndifferent answer. We are all still learning. I hope though, that this helps\nthe OP understand just a bit better. :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T09:47:04.573",
"id": "25617",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-11T09:47:04.573",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10487",
"parent_id": "25615",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
25615
| null |
25617
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25621",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm perfectly comfortable using いる、ある in Japanese, except today I came across\none question of ambiguity. People say ロボットがいる, which makes sense given that\nthey move as if they were alive.\n\nFor dead people, such as 飛行機の墜落事故の死亡者, would it be more natural to say いる or\nある for the deceased victims?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T12:17:05.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25619",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-11T15:01:23.820",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9185",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "死亡者がいる, or 死亡者がある? Which is correct?",
"view_count": 191
}
|
[
{
"body": "Saying 死亡者がいる is not bad.\n\nいる is used for someone/something seems to be able to have own will, \nso you can use いる for a person, an animal, and even if for a robot.\n\nIf your subject is 死体 (dead body), saying 死体がある is correct.\n\n死亡者が出る is not mistake, but 犠牲者{ぎせいしゃ}が出る is more naturally. \nUse carefully 犠牲者, it means implicitly that the victims are already dead in\nthe context of an accident.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T14:45:55.420",
"id": "25621",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-11T15:01:23.820",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-11T15:01:23.820",
"last_editor_user_id": "10593",
"owner_user_id": "10593",
"parent_id": "25619",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
25619
|
25621
|
25621
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "**What is the acceptable procedure for writing proper names in Japanese\nacademic papers when you don't know the official Japanese translation or the\nkatakana for it?**\n\nIs there an expectation that all references to proper names must adhere to the\nofficial translation when mentioned in an academic conference paper\npresentation, journal article, and/or doctoral thesis? Or is it acceptable to\ncreate your own translation or make your own guess as to the katakana if you\ncannot easily find a source for the official one? Is it considered\nunprofessional and looked down upon to do this?\n\n * For writing an academic paper, is there an official translation of the name of the [The Biological Laboratory of the U.S. Fish Commission](https://archive.org/download/parasitesoffishe00lint/parasitesoffishe00lint.pdf) which existed in Woods Hole (ウッズホール), Massachusetts in the mid-19th century (not sure if it still exists today) or can I myself translate that as 「米国水産生物学実験所」? It seems to be part of [合衆国水産委員会](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Fish_Commission), but there are [more than one famous marine science institutions in Woods Hole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woods_Hole,_Massachusetts).\n * Is there an official spelling of [Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Cabot_Agassiz)'s name (co-founder and first president of Radcliffe College)? The name Cabot seems to have [a variety of pronunciations](https://talk.turtlerockstudios.com/t/cabots-name-pronunciation-quickquestion/25872) so I don't know what to use to write her name in katakana.\n * Is there an official spelling of [the surname Worcester](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcester_\\(surname\\))? I found ウスター is the name for the city name that has that spelling but that ウォーセスター could be a spelling for the surname.\n\n**What is the customary way to deal with these questions while writing an\nacademic paper** when you don't have time to hunt down an official source,\nespecially when the proper name may be of a historical entity that had an\nofficial Japanese translation in the past but which no longer exists?",
"comment_count": 14,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T13:20:46.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25620",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-05T01:54:28.353",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-15T15:59:34.440",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "4547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 18,
"tags": [
"translation",
"katakana",
"names",
"academic-japanese"
],
"title": "How to translate historical names which don't necessarily have an equivalent in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1070
}
|
[
{
"body": "Because technically there are no official katakana representations of names,\nbecause of their difficulties in pronunciation, it is usually let up to the\nmost common translation or interpretation. Different people interpret the\nsounds differently and therefore translate differently, if you are good at\nrecognizing sound differences then you can try to do the translation yourself.\nMany names even 'Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz' can be translated by piece, [エリザベス]\n[カボット] [アガシー]. While the pronunciations may produce different katakana, they\nare all imperfect. In regards to [ウスター] and [ウォーセスター] the first is an older\nstyle and the second is a newer style, if you want the closest possible\npronunciation you would go with the second but both work fine. Good luck.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-07T05:29:21.473",
"id": "56461",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-07T05:29:21.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27614",
"parent_id": "25620",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "1. In Japanese I think the best translation would be 「米国水産委員会の臨海実験所」 because the equivalent field in Japan would be Marine Biology.\n 2. 「エリザベス・キャボット・アガシーズ 」is the official Japanese spelling for her name.\n 3. For example, the US lexicographer Joseph Emerson Worcester in Japanese is translated to 「ジョゼフ・エマーソン・ウースター」. So I would use 「ウースター」 rather than 「ウスター」 for names.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-05T00:28:26.497",
"id": "57729",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-05T01:38:13.477",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-05T01:38:13.477",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "29415",
"parent_id": "25620",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
25620
| null |
57729
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm playing through Phantasy Star right now, and there's a scene where\nmercenaries are hired to gather in some ruins for treasure. One says:\n\n「場所が場所って **こともあって** 腕利きを集めているのかもな。」\n\nSupposedly, this translates along the lines of \"A place like this is bound to\ndraw the best.\"\n\nI'm not sure how accurate that translation is, as the company who translated\nthe game is not known for having the \"best\" translations.\n\nI understand 「腕利きを集めているのかもな。」which translates to \"gathering the able/skilled\"\n(with doubt), but I'm unable to understand the grammatical structure of the\nfirst part, mainly こともあって and the recurring 「場所」.\n\nMy guess is that the first part is supposed to emphasize the current location.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T18:11:24.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25624",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-13T03:56:43.233",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10587",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Help with translation of こともあって",
"view_count": 1909
}
|
[
{
"body": "日本語は、想像できる部分を省略する事が多いので、訳しにくいのだと思います。\n\n今回の例文の最初の部分を元に戻すと 「(これから行きたい)場所が、(危ないと予想される)場所ということもあって」 になると思います。\n\n「ってこともあって」は、「ということもあって」の、少し くだけた表現です。 「他にも、色々起こると思う」という意味が隠されています。\n\n「のかもな」は、「腕利きを集めている」理由に対して使われています。\n\n省略されている部分を補足すると、 「(他の理由かもしれないけれど、) 危ない場所に行くから、腕利きを集めているのでは?」 という感じになると思います。\n\n* * *\n\nI think your translation is correct.\n\n(with doubt) is for \"reason for gathering skilled\".\n\nTwo 「場所」 has different meanings. \nFirst 「場所」 means \"The place they want to go\" \nSecond one is \"maybe a place with danger\"\n\n「こともあって」is \"There may be another reason, but...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-11T19:16:31.010",
"id": "25625",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-13T03:56:43.233",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-13T03:56:43.233",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "6798",
"parent_id": "25624",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
25624
| null |
25625
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25630",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Miyabe Kingo wrote in an English-language letter the phrase “a sharp zurusona\nwife” to describe the woman whose house he boarded at. \"Zurusona\" seems to be\nthe insertion of a Japanese word written in romaji into his otherwise English\nsentence, which he felt best described her to the Japanese reader rather than\nwriting a fully English description. What does it mean?\n\nI tried looking it up under these spellings ずるそな、ずるそうな、 even づるそな、づるそうな but\nthe only thing I found was 狡(ずる＝cunning deed; sneaky person). Can 狡 be turned\ninto a form that might be romanized as \"zurusona\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-12T01:27:51.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25629",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-12T01:39:54.227",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "What does \"zurusona\" mean?",
"view_count": 125
}
|
[
{
"body": "狡{ずる}い = \"sly / dishonest / sneaky.\" And 狡{ずる}そうな = \"looks sly / dishonest /\nsneaky.\"\n\nDoes this help?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-12T01:39:54.227",
"id": "25630",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-12T01:39:54.227",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25629",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
25629
|
25630
|
25630
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25637",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In Japanese would 「筆店の受付」 be how to translate \"a brush-shop clerk\" (an\nemployee in an administrative position at a small store that sells all kinds\nof brushes [probably hair brushes and paint brushes, not only calligraphy\nsupplies])? Is 「受付」 a normal translation for a clerk?\n\nThank you for any help you can provide.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-12T01:57:20.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25631",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-12T04:34:28.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"translation"
],
"title": "How do you say \"a brush-shop clerk\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 118
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"受{うけ}付{つけ}\" usually means \"receptionist.\"\n\nAnd we usually say \"店{てん}員{いん}\" for general (= not necessarily administrative)\n\"shop clerk.\"\n\nWhile \"筆店\" makes sense to mean \"brush shop\" as in -> arimahude.com, many\nJapanese brush shops seem to prefer calling themselves \"筆{ふで}専{せん}門{もん}店{てん}\"\nas in -> fudeya-shop.comor , or more fancy(?) \"筆 セレクトショップ\" and the like, as in\n-> kumanofude-selectshop.com .",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-12T04:34:28.863",
"id": "25637",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-12T04:34:28.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25631",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
25631
|
25637
|
25637
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25633",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When do I have to use\n\n> そうですか。\n\nand\n\n> そうなんですか。\n\n?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-12T02:02:24.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25632",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-12T04:35:29.000",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "そうですか versus そうなんですか",
"view_count": 804
}
|
[
{
"body": "When you have to use? Well, any time you want to, as long as you mean \"is it?\"\nor \"is that so?\" ;-)\n\nSo much for kidding.\n\nDo you want to differentiate between the two? They mean the same thing, with\nthe latter revealing a bit of surprise/scepticism/unexpectedness etc,\ndepending on the context.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-12T02:23:26.440",
"id": "25633",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-12T04:35:29.000",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-12T04:35:29.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "10402",
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25632",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
25632
|
25633
|
25633
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "27326",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What are the differences in meaning between:\n\n 1. \"山を登ったり、降りたり、よく考えた。\"\n 2. \"山を登ってって、降りてって、よく考えた。\"\n 3. \"山を登って、降りて、よく考えた。\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-12T03:11:56.747",
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"tags": [
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"translation",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Difference between \"山を登ったり、降りたり....\" and \"山を登って、降りて...\"",
"view_count": 378
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"body": "In brief, my feelings on the topic:\n\n 1. On occasions when scaling, on occasions when descending... \n 2. While climbing and while descending..\n 3. Climbing up, climbing down ..\n\nたり is most commonly used for expressing variety in actions that are not\nnecessarily related.\n\nってって, presumably a shortening of the present+future gerund (te-iru), is used\nin explaining what happened during a duration (and only during that period).\n\n~て the gerund form is actually very versatile and here might mean \"climbing,\ndescending, I mulled it over deeply.\"\n\nThe differences in meaning are slight but those are essentially the rules I\nknow and have absorbed through years of study and some trips abroad to Japan.\nPerhaps a more fluent expert would be able to clarify your question to a\ngreater degree.",
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"body": "1. \"山を登ったり、降りたり、よく考えた。\" is an unnatural sentence. If it's something like 山を登ったり、降りたり、よく遊んだ, you can interpret that the concrete actions of playing include climbing or descending a mountain. Or, if it's 山を登ったり、降りたり、よく考えたりした, it means that you did many things including climbing and descending a mountain or thinking profoundly.\n\n 2. \"山を登ってって、降りてって、よく考えた。\" is a contraction of …登って行って、降りて行って…, i.e. \"I went on climbing a mountain, went on descending and thought of it profoundly\", where you take these actions in this order.\n\n 3. \"山を登って、降りて、よく考えた。\" means that you climbed and descended a mountain, then thought.",
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"body": "I have this list of 愛称\n\n> \"My dearest Heart,\" \"Dearest Mine,\" \"my love,\" \"my dear,\" \"my darling,\" \"my\n> pet\"\n\nthat I need to quote in my academic paper (the Japanese author is listing\npossible pet names[1] that his Japanese friend could use to speak with his new\nwife plus the ones he himself uses for his fiancée), but when I tried looking\nup Japanese translations for them, I only found a few phrases repeatedly show\nup as equivalents for English terms of endearment, but which don't seem to\ndifferentiate between the English terms specifically or literally:\n\n> 「いとしい人」、「親愛なる」、「愛しき人」、and「ねえ君」(this last one seems to be also applicable to\n> people other than non-romantic partners)\n\nDid the author have any Japanese equivalents in mind when he made this\nsuggestion? In Japanese, how can these 6 expressions be differentiated? I\nespecially don't know how to translate \"heart\" and \"mine\"\n(「私のいとしい心」?「親愛なる私のもの」? 「私のもの」doesn't sound right to me, as if the speaker\nthought of the wife as a possession).\n\n* * *\n\n[1] Source: Private letter, 宮部金吾",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-12T07:03:49.880",
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"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances"
],
"title": "How do you say terms of endearment (pet names) in Japanese?",
"view_count": 6633
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"body": "I'm having difficulty understanding a part of your question, so I might be\nmissing your point, but in general you are not going to find 1:1 mapping\nbetween phrases of any two languages. And the same goes to literal\ntranslation; you just can't expect to take an expression like \"dearest mine\",\ntranslate each word separately (deatest->親愛なる mine->私のもの) and expect that to\ncome out as a meaningful Japanese idiom. Languages just doesn't work like\nthat.\n\nIn English, possessive forms (like \"my ...\" and \"mine\") and sweet words\n(honey, sweety, sweetheart, ...) are often used to show personal affections\nand intimacy, but this is not the case in Japanese at all. In Japan, the way\nyou refer to someone implies a certain specific distance to that person.\nTherefore, to show the intimacy & affection, you come up with a different name\nto refer to that person to show that closeness.\n\nSay the name of this other person is Natsuko Yamamoto. When I first meer her,\nI might call her Yamamoto-san. The use of the last name and the suffix would\nshow that I maintain a proper distance (and respect) for her. If I'm a school\nfriend with her, I would start calling her Yama-chan (more informal suffix) or\nNatsuko-san (first name is for more closer relationship.) If I'm a really good\nfriend with her, this might further change to, say, Nacchi.\n\nAnd for the kind of relationship where one could say \"my love\", I'd come up\nwith another name altogether. Often it still has some sound of original name\nleft, like maybe Naah or Kocco, but it could also be completely unrelated\nphonetically and come from some shared experience only she and I would know.\nOne usually keep this class of names secret from other people, and to do so,\nthey are not used in front of other people.\n\nAnyway, the bottom line is that you will not find an easy translation of a\ngeneric phrase \"my love\" in Japanese.",
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"body": "I am still a beginner at japanese and I have the strong feeling my title is\nincorrectly translated so here it is again in english:\n\n_What is the \"feeling\" a japanese person gets upon hearing the word 面白い._\n\nTo clarify: omoshiroi was one of the first japanese words I learned, and back\nthen I was told it means \"funny\". Later \"interesting\" appended the list, and I\nnever really understood the core of that word.\n\nLets say I want to express: \"I think japanese is a very interesting language.\"\n\nAnd I translate it to: 日本語が面白いと思います。\n\nTo me, the english word \"interesting\" feels very \"serious\", but the\ntranslations for 面白い don't suggest that very much. Jisho.org translates it to\n\"interesting/amusing\".\n\nSo, in that example sentence, did I rather say \"I think japanese is\ninteresting\" ( in all seriousness ) or \"I think japanese is a tad funny\" ? If\nits the latter, which word is used to express \"interesting\" in all seriousness\n?",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-12T15:28:08.603",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "日本人は「面白い」と聞いて何を感じますか？",
"view_count": 626
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"body": "What is the \"feeling\" a Japanese person gets upon hearing the word 面白い ->\n日本人が「面白い」という言葉を聞いて得る\"感覚\"は何ですか？\n\nI think Japanese is a very interesting language. -> 日本語 が/は\n興{きょう}味{み}深{ぶか}い言語であると私は 思います/考えます。\n\nFYI, Oxford English Dictionary says \"interesting = arousing curiosity or\ninterest; holding or catching the attention.\"\n\n*** added ***\n\n面白い can mean \"interesting\", but my impression is that it primarily means\nsomething is \"funny.\"",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-12T15:46:14.130",
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"body": "When I hear:\n\n> 「面白いマンガ」 \n> 「面白い冗談・ジョーク」 「面白いことを言う」 \n> 「面白い芸人」「面白い顔」「面白い服装」\n\nI would normally think the 面白い is used as \"funny\", \"comical\", \"makes you\nlaugh\", or maybe \"queer\", etc.\n\nWhen I hear:\n\n> 「このゲーム/本/映画、面白かったよ。」 \n> 「(テレビで)今日、何か面白い番組やってる？」 \n> 「ディズニーランドとユニバーサルスタジオジャパンのどっちが面白い？」 \n> 「俺と勝負しろ！」--「面白い。相手になってやろう。」 \n> 「ドイツ語の勉強は面白いです。」「大学の勉強、面白い？」 \n> 「だんだん仕事が面白くなってきた。」\n\nI would normally think the 面白い is used as \"interesting\", \"exciting\", \"fun\",\n\"enjoyable\", \"rewarding / worthwhile\", \"you like it\", etc.\n\nSo I would say:\n\n> 日本語は面白いと思います。\n\nto mean \"I think the Japanese language is interesting.\" I wouldn't think you\nmeant \"I think the Japanese language is funny\" if I heard you say this.\n\nIf I heard you say:\n\n> 日本文化は面白いと思います。\n\nI would think you meant \"Japanese culture is interesting/intriguing\". But if I\nheard you say:\n\n> 日本人は面白いと思います。\n\nI might think you probably meant \"Japanese people are funny.\" (or maybe\n\"Japanese people are interesting/fun.\" depending on the context.)",
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"body": "For example, in utterances such as\n\n```\n\n その場の勢いで\n \n```\n\nThis would imply that someone does something due to the influence of their\nsurroundings at the time, and if they were to rationally think it over by\nthemselves they wouldn't say or do it. But my question is about which function\nof で this is.\n\nThe two that I can think of are 動作・作用の行われる状態を表す or 動作・作用の原因・理由を表す, analyzing\nthe words literally isn't any big help but I think that it's the first usage.\nCan anyone clarify this?\n\nEdit:I have added the example\n\n```\n\n 「その場の勢いで言っているだけだったら、後で後悔するぞ」\n 「勢いなんかじゃありません。い、いえ、半分は勢いかもですが」\n \n```",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-12T15:59:41.797",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "The meaning of the で in 勢いで",
"view_count": 564
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[
{
"body": "You have the correct answer.\n\n> 「動作{どうさ}・作用{さよう}の行{おこな}われる状態{じょうたい}を表{あらわ}す」\n>\n> \"Describes the situation in which a movement or action is taken.\"\n\nis the usage here because in the sentence\n\n> 「その場{ば}の勢{いきお}い **で** 言{い}っているだけだったら、後{あと}で後悔{こうかい}するぞ。」,\n\n「その場の勢いで」 is describing the manner in which a statement was made.\n\n_**\" If you are just saying it in the heat of the moment, you are sure to\nregret it later on!\"**_\n\nI find this question to be insightful because the other usage\n\n> 「作用の原因{げんいん}・理由{りゆう}を表す」\n>\n> \"Describes the cause or reason for an action.\"\n\nis actually a little bit like the correct one.\n\nIn 「勢いで + 言う」, however, 「言う」 is just not an active enough event to call it a\ncause-and-effect relationship. If we had another verb phrase instead of 「言う」\nas in:\n\n「爆発{ばくはつ}の勢いで、窓{まど}ガラスがすべて吹{ふ}き飛{と}んでしまった。」(The momentum of the explosion blew\naway all the window panes. )\n\nthen, you could say that it was the other usage (describing cause/reason).\n\n(This is why I asked for more context in the comment.)",
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"body": "I'm trying to ask a photographer what camera they used for some pictures they\ntook, but I'm not sure if what I think I should say is correct.\n\nI was gonna ask: どんなカメラを使いましたか。\n\nIs that correct? It kinda sounds unnatural/stiff to me so I'm asking here just\nto make sure. Will using が instead of を make more sense? If I use the て form\nfor 使う, would that be too impolite?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-12T16:55:36.037",
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Is there a more natural way of asking this:「どんなカメラを使いましたか。」?",
"view_count": 139
}
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"body": "To me it sounds just fine, though I would use the て form with います to make it\nclear you're asking about what カメラ they're using _now_. You're being polite\nenough by using ます so don't worry about it.\n\nThe new sentence will be: どんなカメラを使って いますか？",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-12T19:21:23.017",
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"body": "Although I agree with the above answer, it does not insist on a particular\nphotograph. If you really need to ask \"With which camera was this particular\npicture taken\", I would go with :\n\n> この写真{しゃしん}はどんなカメラで写｛うつ｝されましたか。\n\nI will explain the main grammar point: `写す` means \"to photograph\". In this\ncase, we want to ask how this picture was taken, hence, we use the passive\nform. Then we use the `で` particle to denote the means by which the action was\ndone. Note that if you are more familiar with `撮{と}る` as a verb, you can use\nit exactly in the same way:\n\n> この写真{しゃしん}はどんなカメラで撮{と}られましたか。\n\nIn fact the above sentence translates quite directly to:\n\n> With which camera was this picture taken?\n\nThe passive form is a very useful construct, I can only encourage you to read\naround, there are plenty of good resources online!",
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"body": "As I have learned kanji, I have been under the impressions stroke order for\n_box_ kanji like 日 should be left to right, top to bottom. Most kanji seem\nvery consistent, or so I thought.\n\nI recently discovered I have been writing 母 like I would 日、whereas it should\nbe instead the first stroke is the left and bottom combined. Is either method\ntechnically correct? Or what rule will help predict this irregular stroke\norder?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-12T17:39:24.183",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"stroke-order"
],
"title": "母 stroke order irregular compared to 日",
"view_count": 688
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[
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"body": "Technically the correct order is left to bottom, and so on. You **could** do\nit in your own order, but I personally would not recommend that. 日 and 母 are\nvery different characters to begin with. I would recommend using jisho.com for\nthe stroke orders, as typed characters can be very distorted.\n\n<http://jisho.org/search/%23kanji%20%E6%AF%8D>\n\nThe only way to really learn \"irregular\" stroke orders is to keep learning new\nkanji and memorizing their radical's stroke orders. I know that isn't exactly\nthe answer you want, but there is no real way to predict irregular stroke\norders except by finding patterns when learning new kanji.\n\nHowever, once you learn the strokes of one radical, it will usually stay the\nsame in whatever character it may be in. In your case, 海 and 毎 have very\nsimilar stroke order to 母 when making that \"box-like\" shape.",
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"body": "Does the following explanation help?\n\nThe logogramme 母 is formed from 女 by adding two dots representing the\nprominent breasts typical to lactating women (while 女 epitomises a woman\ntempting a man.)\n\nFor the record the stroke order for 女 is indicated here ->\n<http://jisho.org/search/%23kanji%20%E5%A5%B3> .\n\nSo (hopefully) you experience less difficulty in guessing the stroke order of\nthe \"composed character\" 母.",
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"body": "Some characters indeed have tricky stroke orders even for native speakers\n(writers?), for instance, [左 is started from the horizontal line but 右 is from\nthe slanted one](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/204/78), and so on. But\nin your case, it seems to be a simple misunderstanding.\n\nI don't know which font you use to browse this site, but typically, 母 and 日\nwould look like in the image below, respectively.\n\n \n(generated [here](http://www.wa-k.info/kanji/))\n\nNote that 母 has two lines crossed at its bottom-right corner, which indicates\nthat it's different than what you called \"box\" structure such as 日. Each\nwriting system obviously has its own crucial points of recognition however\nthey look tiny to you, as (if I assume you only read Latin alphabets) in\nCyrillic alphabet _**м**_ and _**т**_ differs soundly (I hope you're using a\nfont displays their true italic forms, but if not, please refer\n[here](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cyrillic-italics-\nnonitalics.png) for what I mean), and in hiragana **わ** , **れ** and **ね**. As\nwell as in kanji.\n\nBlaming etymology is, technically, kind of circular reasoning in this\ndiscussion, because today's standard kanji shapes incorporate more or less\ncalligraphic or handwriting feature, that is, they're actually shaped like how\nthey wrote them. It's better to just think it as the same reason why we don't\nwrite **O** like **D**.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"body": "So I was working through my textbook and I come across an example sentence,\nwhich goes:\n\n> 流行する色はその時の景気の善し悪しが影響するという。\n\nI went through the dictionary to look up the words I didn't know, but I just\ncan't seem to comprehend this sentence in a natural way. The way I would\ntranslate this sentence would be:\n\n> It is said that colours that become popular are influenced by the quality\n> (state?) of the economy at the time.\n\nIs this a good way of interpreting the sentence? Any help will be appreciated!\n\nAlso, could someone please explain the meaning of 景気? I feel like dictionary\ndefinitions are very vague about it. For example on the EJJE weblio\ndictionary, it includes phrases such as 景気よく飲む, which apparently translates to\n\"going on a drinking spree\", which I can't get my head around as I always\nassociated 景気 with a business-economy meaning. Are these simply figure-of-\nspeeches?",
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"definitions"
],
"title": "Natural way to understand 景気の善し悪しが影響するという",
"view_count": 202
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|
[
{
"body": "Yours is, I must say.\n\nThis sentence would not lend itself to \"perfect literal translation\" in\nEnglish because of its structure. Hard as you may try, you will end up needing\nto make adjustments so that your translation would sound natural in the target\nlanguage.\n\nIn your case, you ended up using the passive voice form \" _ **are\ninfluenced**_ \", which is not used in the original but it was inevitable.\n\n> 流行{りゅうこう}する色{いろ} + は + その時{とき}の景気{けいき}の善{よ}し悪{あ}し + が + 影響{えいきょう}する + という。\n>\n> \"A is what B affects, they say.\" (But there is no \"what\" in the original.)\n\n**≒**\n\n> その時の景気の善し悪し + が + 流行する色 + **に** + 影響する + という。\n>\n> \"B affects A, they say.\" (But one of the particles had to be changed to 「に」\n> to arrive at this structure in English.)\n\nThough perfectly natural in Japanese, the original sentence is simply not\nformed in the grammar pattern that Japanese-learners would be used to seeing.\n\nMoving on...\n\n「景気{けいき}」 has a wide range of meanings. It can refer to the economic state of\na particular country, corporation, family and even individual.\n\n「景気」 is often a softer-sounding word than 「経済{けいざい}」, which is all about money\nand numbers. 「景気」 includes in its meanings the general atmosphere of a group\nof people that can be both economy-related and non-economy-related. \"Being in\nhigh spirits\" is the key.\n\nIf someone says 「今日は景気よく飲{の}みましょう！」, it would rarely have anything to do with\n\"good economy\". It just means \"Let's drink and make noise today!\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-13T00:23:27.067",
"id": "25652",
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] |
25646
|
25652
|
25652
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "25650",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "hope you can help me with the following. It's a poem from a series from the\n1970's in Japan. There is some debate right now a to whether あのひと（テリィ）だと says\nHe is Anohito (Teri) - he is that person (Teri) OR whether it says あのひと（テリィ）だと\n- where and who (Teri). The person debating who claims it says where and who\n(Teri) is not a native Japanese speaker and seemingly uses a lot of free\nonline translation tools (namely google translate). Not sure they are a Stack\nCommunity member ^___^.\n\nI am not a native Japanese speaker either, but the first translation was made\nby a native Japanese speaker who then traslated it to English. Person number\ntwo questions the native person's translation from Japanese into English.\n\nSo I thought, why not put to the Stack Community?\n\nSo the request is to confirm the translation of anohito as it is used in this\npoem, hence why I put the entire poem for context.\n\nYour kind consideration and assistance is much appeciated.\n\nOriginal Poem\n\n森で ふいに だれかに後ろから だきすくめられたの\n\n・・・だれだ？\n\nちょっときどった声がして—\n\nあたし すぐに あのひと（テリィ） だと わかったけれど\n\nわからないふりをしたの\n\n目の前を からかうように りすが 走っていったわ\n\n胸の中で 噴水がふきあがる\n\nこのまま ずっと わからないふりを していようかしら・・・・・\n\nFirst translation:\n\n森で ふいに だれかに後ろから だきすくめられたの In the forest, suddenly, someone hugged me from\nbehind.\n\n・・・だれだ？ …Guess who?\n\nちょっときどった声がして— I heard a little genteel voice —\n\nあたし すぐに あのひと（テリィ） だと わかったけれど I quickly found He is anohito (Terry),\n\nわからないふりをしたの But I pretended not to know it.\n\n目の前を からかうように りすが 走っていったわ A squirrel ran and passed in front of me Like it’s\nteasing me.\n\n胸の中で 噴水がふきあがる Water is rising from a fountain in my heart.\n\nこのまま ずっと わからないふりを していようかしら・・・・・ Should I keep on pretending not to know who he\nis…?\n\nSecond translation:\n\nIn the forest, suddenly, someone hugged me from behind.\n\n.. . Guess who?-\n\nIn a bit pompous voice...\n\nI knew immediately There and who (Terry) Alright\n\nBut I pretended not to know it.\n\nAs a squirrel that stare at your eyes and runs, I am teasing him\n\nA torrent boils on my chest\n\nFor how long would I pretend not to know it is him...",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-12T18:25:28.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25647",
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"owner_user_id": "10605",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Translation of Anohito あのひと",
"view_count": 1440
}
|
[
{
"body": "> あたし すぐに あのひと（テリィ） だと わかったけれど\n\nThough I instantly knew/realized it was him (=Terry)\n\nあたし I \nすぐに instantly/immediately/at once \nあのひと that person >> him \nだ (a copula) \nと (the quotative particle) \nわかった realized/knew/found \nけれど though",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-12T22:15:51.487",
"id": "25650",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
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"score": 1
}
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25647
|
25650
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25650
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "25660",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've always heard that 様 is a highly respectful honorific, being used to refer\nto lords, kings and deities. However, many times I hear people calling someone\nwith 様, without sarcasm or irony, being that person of no high authority, like\nthe emperor or someone else. Additionally, the customers are called **お**\n客{きゃく} **[様]{さま}** , i.e. double honorifics. Maybe that would be the reason to\nwhy it's said that \" _the Japanese treat their customers as if they_ \" (the\ncustomers) \" _were gods_ \".\n\nNow, or the Japanese give a highly exaggerated respect to those \"normal\npeople\" (maybe some kind of \"idolatry\"?), or I misunderstood completely what 様\nmeans.\n\nSo what is the proper use and real meaning of the 様 honorific?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-13T04:52:59.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25655",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-21T06:30:46.540",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-21T06:30:46.540",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7405",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"culture",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "The usage of 様{さま} (-sama) honorific",
"view_count": 2642
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you said, in the past days, the honorific \"様\" was used to refer lords,\nprinces, princesses, etc. (But not for kings! \"陛下\" is used and only used to\nrefer kings(天皇) and kings' family in Japan.)\n\nHowever, after the lords thing disappeared from Japan, the honorific \"様\"\nbecame a much more daily used word now.\n\nJust that simple as you found in the\n[site](http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/titles.html), \"様\" is the formal version of\n\"さん\".\n\nTo refer a person in business situation, it's very common to use \"様\" in\ncontemporary Japanese.\n\nAlso, in city halls or hospitals, they are also using \"様\" for\ncitizens/patients.\n\nDifferent meaning/nuance, in different age. This may be the answer you are\nlooking for.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-13T10:01:20.567",
"id": "25660",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10471",
"parent_id": "25655",
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"score": 2
}
] |
25655
|
25660
|
25660
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Found a sentence,\n\n> 人間の身体能力は吸血鬼の **7分の1** しかありません\n\nIs this how you write ratios in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-13T09:26:27.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25657",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-17T10:06:27.483",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-16T15:24:34.887",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10345",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"mathematics"
],
"title": "Does 「7分の1」 mean 1:7 in this sentence?",
"view_count": 479
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes.\n\n> n / m = n : m\n\nis written\n\n> m分のn,\n\nwhere \"m\" and \"n\" are positive integers.\n\nBTW, is\n\n> 人間の身体能力は、吸血鬼の身体能力の7分の1しかありません\n\nmore acceptable for you?\n\n*** added ***\n\nI just learned that the notation n : m confuses some people.\n\nHere is what Hans Lundmark pointed out to me in regard of the usage of n : m.\nI hope this helps to resolve their confusion.\n\n> You have good historical reasons for interpreting n:m as n/m.\n>\n> From <http://jeff560.tripod.com/operation.html>:\n>\n> The colon (:) was used in 1633 in a text entitled Johnson Arithmetik; In two\n> Bookes (2nd ed.: London, 1633). However Johnson only used the symbol to\n> indicate fractions (for example three-fourths was written 3:4); he did not\n> use the symbol for division \"dissociated from the idea of a fraction\"\n> (Cajori vol. 1, page 276).\n>\n> Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) used : for both ratio and division in\n> 1684 in the Acta eruditorum (Cajori vol. 1, page 295).\n\nAs for the said excerpt, it reads \"The (average?) physical ability of\nhumankind is one-seventh of that of vampire.\"\n\n*** added (again) ***\n\nIn view of the _established_ usage as described in\n<http://www.bradford.ac.uk/wimba-files/msu-\ncourse/media/ratio%20teaching%20new.pdf> , the assertion by @Earthliŋ\n\n> n : m is usually the notation for \"n parts in (n+m) parts vs. m parts in\n> (n+m) parts\", so 1:7 would correspond to 1/8 and 7/8\n\nshould read\n\n> In the context that something is to be divided into n : m, it can be\n> considered as \"n parts in (n+m) parts vs. m parts in (n+m) parts\", so 1:7\n> can be specified as the pair (1/8, 7/8) if needed.",
"comment_count": 15,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-13T09:47:43.540",
"id": "25659",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-17T10:06:27.483",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-17T10:06:27.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "10402",
"owner_user_id": "10402",
"parent_id": "25657",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Not exactly (as several have commented). This is how you talk about\n_fractions_ in Japanese:\n\n> 7分の1 → 1/7\n\nLiterally, you can think about it as 'one part of seven'. It is not a ratio,\ni.e. 'one part to seven parts', as that equates to 1/8.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-13T23:55:06.920",
"id": "25670",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-13T23:55:06.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3639",
"parent_id": "25657",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Yes, 「７分の１」 means same as 1:7 mathematically.\n\n1:7 = (1/8):(7/8) = (1/8)/(7/8) = (1/8)x(8/7) = 8/56 = 1/7\n\nHowever, in Japan, kids are taught that 1:7 is 「[比]{ひ}」 and 1/7 is\n「[分数]{ぶんすう}」. I guess that 「比」 is translated as \"ratios\", and 「分数」 is\ntranslated as \"fractions\" generally. So, Japanese people tend to think that\n1/7 is not a ratio, maybe.\n\nIn English, both 1:7 and 1/7 can be read \"one to seven\", right? And both 1:7\nand 1/7 are called \"ratio\" in some cases, maybe? (Sorry, if my knowledge about\nEnglish is wrong.) But in Japanese, each of them has its own way to be read.\n\n> 1:7 is read 「[１]{いち}[対]{たい}[７]{なな}」.\n\n> 1/7 is read 「[７]{なな}[分]{ぶん}の[１]{いち}」.\n\nThere are other ways to express proportions in Japanese. For example,\n\n> 1/10 is read 「[１]{いち}[割]{わり}」 ＝ 10%\n>\n> 2/10 is read 「[２]{に}[割]{わり}」 ＝ 20%\n\nWhich word should be used is up to the situation and context.\n\nIf your \"ratio\" means both 1:7 and 1/7, I would answer that there are several\nways to write ratio in Japanese, and 「７分の１」 is one of them. So, yes.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T07:10:49.167",
"id": "25681",
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"score": 1
}
] |
25657
| null |
25670
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I am aware that both are to be but i have trouble figuring out which one is\nappropriate for which sentence. Would one be for stating a fact about oneself\nand the other be for an action？",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-13T14:04:13.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25662",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-07-13T14:19:56.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "10614",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "The difference between wa and ga",
"view_count": 90
}
|
[] |
25662
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25666",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When you translate a quoted citation, how do you write \"translation mine\" in\nJapanese to let the reader know that it is your own translation rather than an\nofficial one (or, to contrast yours to the official one when you think the\nofficial one is inaccurate)? In Western academic writing, the customary marker\nis\n\n> [translation mine]\n\ndirectly following the quote (basically meaning \"my translation\" or \"I\ntranslated the aforementioned myself\").\n\nI checked アルク and Weblio and did a Google search but didn't find a translation\nfor this.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-13T16:36:28.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25664",
"last_activity_date": "2015-09-04T04:23:40.203",
"last_edit_date": "2015-09-04T04:23:40.203",
"last_editor_user_id": "4547",
"owner_user_id": "4547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"set-phrases",
"phrase-requests",
"jargon",
"academic-japanese"
],
"title": "How do you write \"translation mine\" in Japanese for academic writing?",
"view_count": 1424
}
|
[
{
"body": "引用文の終わりに、括弧に入れて\n\n> (訳は筆者による) ←recommended \n> または、(筆者訳) ← recommended \n> (拙訳) \n> (私訳)\n\nのように書くとよいと思います。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-13T17:49:52.173",
"id": "25666",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-14T09:46:24.867",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "25664",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
25664
|
25666
|
25666
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41621",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Does the term\n[「大和撫子」](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%81%93)for\ndescribing the ideal Japanese lady predate WWII, or was there an equivalent\nterm before that?\n\nThese sites [here](http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yamatonadeshiko.html) and\n[here](http://etymologypage.blogspot.jp/2012/03/yamato-nadeshiko.html)\nindicate that the term was co-opted for propaganda during WWII, but that seems\nto imply that the term/concept existed before the wartime refashioning of it.\nWhat is the origin of the phrase and when does it date from?\n\nIf it wasn't coined until WWII, what similar phrase was used before the war?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-13T17:46:31.967",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25665",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T20:41:16.093",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"set-phrases",
"history"
],
"title": "Does the term 大和撫子 predate WWII, or was there an equivalent term for the ideal Japanese lady?",
"view_count": 247
}
|
[
{
"body": "I am not certain if 大和撫子 predated WWII, but there is the term\n[良妻賢母{りょうさいけんぼ}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Wife,_Wise_Mother), which\nwas coined in 1875, according to Wikipedia:\n\n> It represented the ideal for womanhood in the East Asian area like Japan,\n> China and Korea in the late 1800s and early 1900s and its effects continue\n> to the modern day. Women were expected to master such domestic skills as\n> sewing and cooking as well as develop the moral and intellectual skills to\n> raise strong, intelligent sons and daughters for the sake of the nation.\n>\n> Childbearing was considered a \"patriotic duty\", and although in Japan this\n> philosophy declined after World War II, feminist historians have argued it\n> existed in Japan even as recently as the 1980s.\n\nThe term originates in China, according to this\n[blogger](http://www.soubunshu.com/article/437260883.html).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-09T18:41:28.620",
"id": "41575",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T20:41:16.093",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "18140",
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{
"body": "To summarize the answer given in\n[holywise](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/25665/does-the-\nterm-%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%92%AB%E5%AD%90-predate-wwii-or-was-there-an-\nequivalent-term-for-the-ideal-j#comment55664_25665)'s\n[link](http://crd.ndl.go.jp/reference/detail?page=ref_view&id=1000089614):\n\nComparisons of women to the ナデシコ flower date back to the 万葉集 (8th century).\nFor example:\n\n> 「うるはしみ我が思ふ君は **なでしこ** が花になそへて見れど飽かぬかも」（万20・4451）\n\nThe actual term 大和撫子 probably dates back to the 10th century, as attested in\ne.g. the 古今和歌集:\n\n> 「あなこひし今もみてしが山がつのかきほにさける **山となでしこ** 」\n\nSo, yes - the term 大和撫子 definitely predates WWII, by a lot.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T09:27:35.783",
"id": "41621",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T09:51:24.320",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3437",
"parent_id": "25665",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
25665
|
41621
|
41621
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25668",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been studying Japanese for quite a while and I've realised lately that I\ndidn't understand what the concept of the subject was in Japanese and even\nEnglish too. As a native speaker of English I found this quite surprising but\nthen again I don't remember much about my English lessons in school as it was\na long time ago.\n\nSo I decided to search online first for what the subject is in English and I\nfound a good definition which was:\n\n> A subject is the noun, pronoun or set of words that performs the verb.\n\nAnd then I found the definition of what the subject marker が does:\n\n> \"が\" is the subject marker and marks a noun that performs an action\n\nAre these the definitions of the subject in English and Japanese? And if so,\nis it correct to say that the meaning of the subject is the same in both\nlanguages?\n\nAlso in this phrase\n\n> 魚が好きな人。\n>\n> Person who likes fish.\n\nThe fish (魚) is the subject here which is performing the action \"to like\"\n(even though \"to like\" (好き) is an adjective in Japanese)\n\nIs my understanding of this correct? Is it okay to use this idea when forming\nsentences/understanding them:\n\n> Person who likes Japanese, does not like English.\n>\n> People who like Japanese language don't like English language.\n>\n> 日本語が好きな人は英語が好きじゃない。\n\nHere, 日本語 and 英語 are both subjects performing the action \"to like\" ? Can a\nsentence have more than one subject like above or is my thinking incorrect?\n\nDespite the strange meanings you may interpret, the grammar is correct is it\nnot?\n\n**If the sentences are strange or nonsensical, can you please explain to me\nwhy? I really want to understand.**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-13T18:13:41.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25667",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-22T01:38:10.690",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7994",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"subjects"
],
"title": "What exactly is the subject?",
"view_count": 2844
}
|
[
{
"body": "## What is a subject?\n\nThere's more than one theory of grammar, whether we're talking about English\nor Japanese, and you may find that the term _subject_ has been defined\nmultiple ways.\n\nBut some definitions are more adequate than others. How can we define\n_subject_ in a useful way?\n\nLet's start by looking at English, then move on to Japanese, and see we can\nfind any useful parallels between these two very different languages.\n\n* * *\n\n## Subjects in English\n\nThe definition you quoted is woefully inadequate. You wrote that a \"subject is\nthe noun, pronoun or set of words that performs the verb\". But a verb is not\nan action that can be performed, it is a word that may or may not represent an\naction; and importantly, the subject does not always represent an entity that\nperforms an action of any kind:\n\n> 1. **It** 's raining.\n\nHere, the subject is _it_. This is what's called a **dummy subject** ; in\nEnglish, a grammatical subject is required in a (non-imperative) finite main\nclause. Since _rain_ doesn't have a semantic subject, we have to insert the\nmeaningless (\"dummy\") subject _it_.\n\nThis is called for any time we'd be left without a subject, for example in\nextraposition (example from _The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language_ ):\n\n> 2a. **[That it's a forgery]** is clear. \n> 2b. * **＿＿** is clear [that it's a forgery]. \n> 2c. **It** is clear [that it's a forgery].\n\nIn example 2a, we have a canonical sentence with the subordinate clause _that\nit's a forgery_ in a subject position. Note that this subject doesn't\nrepresent an entity, is clearly not performing an action of any kind, and the\nverb _is_ doesn't represent an action.\n\nThis sort of sentence is usually extraposed, which means moving the\nsubordinate clause out of subject position to the end of the sentence, as in\nexample 2b. But that's ungrammatical because it leaves us without a subject,\nso we have to insert the meaningless (dummy) _it_ , as in example 3b.\n\nEnglish has very clear grammatical rules for subjects, and this is one of\nthem. But this is a **purely grammatical** rule. Even though the subordinate\nclause _that it's a forgery_ has basically the same semantic role in both 2a\nand 2c, it's only a grammatical subject in 2a.\n\nAnd extraposition isn't just an unusual exception where the semantic\ndefinition fails. There are _lots_ of sentences used every day where it\ndoesn't work. For example, almost every passive sentence:\n\n> 3. **The patient** was murdered by his own doctor!\n\nHere the subject represents an entity, but it isn't performing an action. _His\nown doctor_ represents the agent in this sentence, but it's the object of the\npreposition _by_ ; grammatically speaking, it's not a subject.\n\n**We can't define a grammatical subject in semantic terms.** It just doesn't\nwork. What we _can_ do is talk about what semantics a subject _tends to_ or\n_often_ has. If you'd like to say that subjects often represent entities which\nperform actions represented by verbs, I wouldn't argue. It's definitely true\nthat we can find relationships between semantics and grammar; neither exists\nin a vacuum.\n\nBut the semantic definition is flat-out wrong as a definition of \"subject\".\nYou can't come up with any semantic definition that all subjects satisfy.\nInstead, what we find are a number of grammatical attributes that a certain\nkind of constituent satisfies. And once we've identified those attributes in\npurely grammatical terms, we turn to semantics to figure out what to call it.\nWe find that this kind of constituent **typically represents the experiencer\nor agent** in an active clause; and because that's true, we label this kind of\nconstituent \"subject\".\n\nBut we have to come up with this sort of description on a language-particular\nbasis. Although we can say that a subject in English is the constituent whose\nbasic position is before the verb, which the verb agrees with in number and\nperson, in which non-coordinate pronouns appear in nominative rather than\naccusative form ( _I_ rather than _me_ ), and so on, **none of these rules\napply to Japanese**.\n\nBut what we _can_ learn from this discussion of English is that each language\nhas grammatical rules, and that it doesn't make sense to define grammatical\nfunctions purely in terms of semantics.\n\n* * *\n\n## Subjects in Japanese\n\nAgain, the definition you've found is inadequate. Although が generally marks a\nsubject, it's not true that all (or even most) subjects are marked with が. Nor\nis it true that a が-marked noun phrase represents an entity which performs an\naction; and predicates that take が-marked noun phrases as arguments don't\nnecessarily represent actions. In fact, this sort of semantic definition fails\nin many of the same ways it fails in English, for example in passives.\n\nFirst, let's look at the が-の alternation. In subordinate clauses, の often\nreplaces が:\n\n> 4a. 太郎 **が** 買った本 _'the book Tarō bought'_ \n> 4b. 太郎 **の** 買った本 _'the book Tarō bought'_\n\nIn both 4a and 4b, 太郎 is the subject of 買った, but it's been marked with two\ndifferent particles! If you define \"subject\" as \"marked by が\", 太郎 _can't_ be\nthe subject in 4b. But since 太郎 has the other grammatical and semantic\nproperties associated with a subject, that's an undesirable conclusion. To\nsolve this problem, we'll want to introduce another layer of abstraction,\nseparating grammatical case from grammatical function.\n\nParticles like が and の are traditionally referred to as **case particles**\n(格助詞). The particle が is called a nominative case particle, and when you mark\na noun phrase with が, we can say the noun phrase bears nominative case. We're\ngoing to be using a few more labels for cases below, so I'll lay them out\nhere:\n\n * が - **nominative** case particle\n * を - **accusative** case particle\n * の - **genitive** case particle \n\nSo what are these weird labels? Why do we call が \"nominative\"? Well, that's\nthe traditional label for a case whose main purpose is marking a subject. But\nnote that I wrote **main** purpose. I didn't say **only** purpose! Not all\nnominative noun phrases in Japanese are subjects, and not all subjects in\nJapanese are marked nominatively.\n\nIn fact, most aren't. On a main clause subject, the nominative case particle が\nis generally replaced with は unless the speaker has a specific reason to use が\n(e.g. the \"exhaustive listing\" implicature). And in familiar speech, the\nnominative case particle is often dropped entirely, with no particle in its\nplace!\n\nSo with that in mind, let's take another look at our examples:\n\n> 4a. 太郎 **が** 買った本 _'the book Tarō bought'_ \n> 4b. 太郎 **の** 買った本 _'the book Tarō bought'_\n\nIn 4a, we can say we have a **nominative subject** , that is, a subject marked\nby が. In 4b, we can say we have a **genitive subject** , that is, a subject\nmarked by の. That allows us to say that they're both subjects, even though\nonly one has が.\n\nBut why? What do we gain by abstracting \"nominative case\" from \"subject\nfunction\"? In order for this to make sense, we need to be able to identify\ngrammatical and semantic characteristics that subjects have in Japanese, and\nso far, the only one we've really talked about is being marked by が!\n\nIn chapter six of [_The Oxford Handbook of Japanese\nLinguistics_](https://books.google.com/books?id=4CS07LRO8O8C&pg=PA142&lpg=PA142#v=onepage&q&f=false),\nMasatoshi Koizumi lays out some of the grammatical characteristics subjects\nand objects have, showing why we need to separate grammatical case\n(nominative, accusative) from grammatical function (subject, object). I'll\nborrow the following examples from Professor Koizumi:\n\n * Subjects undergo subject honorification, while objects do not:\n``` 5a. 千草先生 **が** 学生たち **を** お呼びになった。 \n 5b. ＃学生たち **が** 千草先生 **を** お呼びになった。\n```\n\nIn example 5a, the subject 千草先生 triggers subject honorification, replacing the\nsimple verb form 呼んだ with the honorific construction お呼びになった. But sentence 5b\ndoesn't work; 千草先生 can only trigger this sort of honorification in subject\nposition.\n\nNow let's try the same thing with transitive adjective 好き(だ):\n\n``` 6a. 千草先生 **が** 学生たち **が** お好きだ。 \n 6b. ＃学生たち **が** 千草先生 **が** お好きだ。\n```\n\nEven though this is a non-canonical sentence where both arguments are marked\nwith が, instead of one being marked with が and the other を, we find the same\nthing. It's as though the second が-marked constituent is behaving like an\nobject, not a subject; for this reason, Koizumi refers to it as a **nominative\nobject**.\n\n * The reflexive 自分 binds to subjects, but not to objects:\n``` 7. 正美 **が** 裕美 **が** 自分のクラスで 一番好きだ。\n\n```\n\nAlthough there are two noun phrases marked with が, the reflexive 自分 refers\nback to the subject 正美, not to the nominative object 裕美.\n\n * Subjects cannot be marked with の plus the formal noun こと:\n``` 8a. ジョン **が** マリー **を** 騙した。 _'John deceived Mary.'_\n\n```\n\nWe can add 〜のこと to the object マリー, but not the subject ジョン:\n\n``` 8b. ジョン **が** マリー **のことを** 騙した。 \n 8c. ＊ジョン **のことが** マリー **を** 騙した。\n```\n\nNow let's try that again with the non-canonical predicator 好き(だ), whose second\nobject is (traditionally) marked with が rather than を:\n\n``` 9a. ジョン **が** マリー **が** 好きだ。\n\n```\n\nWe find the same thing:\n\n``` 9b. ジョン **が** マリー **のことが** 好きだ。 \n 9c. ＊ジョン **のことが** マリー **が** 好きだ。\n```\n\nThe second argument here is marked with が, but it doesn't have the grammatical\nor semantic traits a subject typically has. It's not a subject; it's a\nnominative object.\n\nThe chapter provides further examples which you may be interested in reading,\nbut I'll stop there. I think this is sufficient to demonstrate that we can\nabstract grammatical case from grammatical function.\n\n* * *\n\nSo what is a subject in Japanese?\n\n * It is the constituent which _typically_ represents the experiencer or agent in an active clause, or the theme or patient in a passive clause.\n * It is the constituent reflexive 自分 typically binds to.\n * It is the constituent which triggers subject honorification.\n * Its basic position is near the beginning of the clause, typically before the object if one is present. It can be moved out of this position, as Japanese word order is flexible, but this increases processing time.\n * Its basic case marking is nominative (with が), though it very often appears without nominative marking, sometimes with another case particle instead (such as の or に, depending on the construction).\n\nBut unlike English:\n\n * It can be readily omitted even from main clauses, as long as it's not focused and can be understood from context, particularly in familiar speech.\n * It does not trigger subject-verb agreement.\n * Its position is not nearly as rigid in the sentence.\n * A different set of syntactic processes affect the subject; there is no subject-auxiliary inversion in main clause interrogatives, no extraposition of non-finite clauses as subjects, and so on.\n\nSo I'm afraid it's not as simple as \"something marked with が is a subject\",\nnor is it as simple as \"the subject is the doer of the verb\". You'll find\ndefinitions like these used quite often, but they're not really adequate; to\ncome up with an accurate description, you'll have to dig a bit deeper.\n\n* * *\n\nIn this answer: \n* or ＊ marks a sentence as ungrammatical. \n# or ＃ marks a sentence as semantically anomalous.",
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"body": "This is a line in the song lyrics of\n[「10月のクリスマス」](http://www.evesta.jp/lyric/artists/a9758/lyrics/l135213.html).\n\nI think the basic meaning of this line is:\n\n> Finally becoming somewhat hopeless.\n\nMy main question is what is the meaning or purpose of コ here? It does not seem\nto attach to an adjacent element (イケない and particle に). \nBy itself, other than 子 somehow, I have no idea what it is for.",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-13T22:52:25.237",
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"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "What is the meaning/purpose of コ in ちょっとイケないコになっちゃう",
"view_count": 214
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"body": "You answered your own question.\n\nIt is こ/コ/子{こ}/娘{こ}, etc. In this particular context, it means a \"girl\".\n\n「ちょっとイケない **コ** になっちゃう」 means \"I become a slightly 'bad' girl.\"",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-14T00:54:19.277",
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"body": "Realizing you've left your money at home when you're out to buy something, (I\nthink) you can say いけない！お金ない; could you, politely, say いけません！お金がありません?\n\n(I suppose, for that matter, my question could also be applied to\nしまった・しまいました.)",
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"creation_date": "2015-07-14T00:12:00.597",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"interjections",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Is いけません used as an interjection like いけない？",
"view_count": 139
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"body": "The short answer is 'no'.\n\nYou would sound very strange if you said 「いけません」 as an interjection. It would\nbe just too funny. 「いけません」 is basically a phrase you say to another person,\nnot to yourself. You say it when you think something is no good or when you\nwant to stop someone from doing something that you do not think is good.\n\nWhen we say things like 「いけない！お金忘{かねわす}れた！」(\"Oops! Forgot the money!\") on our\nway to the convenience store, we are indeed talking to ourselves, are we not?\n\nYou say 「いけない！」, 「いけねぇ！」, 「いけね！」, etc. as an interjection around Kanto.\nWestern Japan is another story -- 「いかん！」 around Nagoya and「あかん！」 around Osaka,\netc.\n\nFinally, the same goes for 「しまった/しまいました」; Only the former is used as an\ninterjection.",
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"body": "In the Western world, anime/manga fans are commonly referred to as `otaku`\n(Hiragana: `おたく`, Katakana: `オタク`). [[1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otaku)]\nIn Japanese however, this is a (mildly) derogatory word for a geek, nerd, or\nany person who has obsessive interests \"to the exclusion of such things as\nsocial\ninteraction\".[[2](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AF#Japanese)]\n\nDoes the Japanese language have any terms to refer to people of the\nanime/manga fandom in a non-derogatory manner?",
"comment_count": 9,
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"creation_date": "2015-07-13T22:51:09.860",
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"score": 8,
"tags": [
"culture",
"anime"
],
"title": "Are there any terms used to refer to people of the anime/manga fandom in a non-derogatory manner?",
"view_count": 2060
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"body": "Yes, the preferred term is a person who is involved in \"subculture.\"\n\nFrom [my answer to a related\nquestion](https://anime.stackexchange.com/a/22861/8134):\n\n> The current generation of young adult anime/manga fans in Japan are still\n> viewed as oddball by others; they have not reached the level of acceptance\n> by society at large that Western otaku enjoy (for example, the popularity of\n> the TV sitcom _The Big Bang Theory_ or that in American people could mention\n> in passing that they're going to a con or RenFair this weekend and many\n> others won't judge them for it). However, the demographic is not as\n> negatively viewed as it was in past generations. Now, they might jokingly\n> refer to themselves as _otaku_.\n>\n> But the Japanese adults who are unabashed anime/manga fans do not usually\n> refer to themselves as otaku, but rather prefer using the term\n> [「サブカルチャー」](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%96%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC)([subculture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subculture)),\n> or 「サブカル」( _sabukaru_ ) for short, to describe their interest and what they\n> are involved in. This term, rather than focusing on oneself, focuses on\n> being part of a group that differentiates itself from the parent culture to\n> which it belongs in particular, intentional ways. This usage of subculture\n> is used not only for anime/manga fans but for other demographics of Japanese\n> people, such as those interested in the occult, clubbing, or reggae, which\n> are likewise not mainstream hobbies in Japan.\n\nThis is the main word used by the \"Manga and Illustration Research Society\"\nstudent club at my Japanese university. Excerpt from an email sent on the\nstudent club email mailing list:\n\n> 会長の小森です。国際本部の田村さんという方から、『サブカルのイベントを開催してみないか』というメールが届いたのでお知らせします。\n>\n>\n> 日本語や日本文化の授業をとっている留学生の多くが日本のマンガやアニメに興味をもったところから始まり日本に留学していて、実際に留学生からサブカル関連のイベントをしてほしいと要望があったそうです。そこで、そういう留学生を対象としたイベントをやってみませんか？という内容でした。難しければアドバイスという形でも構わないそうです。本部さんもサブカルのイベントといってもどうすればいいか分からなくて困っている様子でした。\n\nIt was subsequently referred to as\n\n> サブカルイベントについて\n\nI seriously doubt that the word \"subculture\" originated among the\ninternational students who requested the event since 田村さん mentioned that they\nhad specifically requested an event about 「日本のマンガやアニメ」; likely, the Japanese\nclub member who wrote the email for the club mailing list changed whatever the\ninternational students referred to it as (i.e., 「日本のマンガやアニメ」[anime and manga]\nor 「オタクのカルチャー」[anime and manga fandom]) into 「サブカル」 in order to pitch it to\nthe club members at large.\n\n## Other Considerations\n\nI have heard「マニアック」(maniac) tacked onto the name of a specific series title or\n専門家 ( _senmonka_ = specialization) within the subculture (i.e.,\n「プリティーリズムマニアック！」(\"I'm a _Pretty Rhythm_ maniac!\" while pointing at oneself)\nor「ボーカロイドマニアックです」 (I'm a vocaloid maniac) but this is not usually tacked onto\n漫画 and アニメ since those are more generally assumed as the base of the\nsubculture. Of course, this is not derogatory but it's casual speech which\nisn't appropriate for formal occasions.\n\nRather than call a person something like \"is a _Pokemon_ fan,\" Japanese are\nmore likely to make a statement _about_ the person or the thing the person\nlikes; for example: 「ポケモンに夢中」( _Pokemon ni muchuu_ = is into _Pokemon_ /crazy\nabout _Pokemon_ ),「ポケモンマニア」(has _Pokemon_ mania), or phrases like「に興味がある」( _ni\nkyoumi ga aru_ = interested in),「に興味深い」( _kyoumibukai_ = deep interested\nin),「好き」( _suki_ / _zuki_ = like), or「いいよね〜」( _ii yo ne_ = is great, isn't\nit?).\n\nI rarely, if ever, hear the words 「ファン」( _fan_ ) and 「大ファン」( _dai fan_ )\ntossed around to describe oneself or one's friend in this context. I have\nnever heard the word 「ファンダム」( _fandamu_ ) used once.",
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"body": "I think 「〜[好]{ず}き」 is a common expression in Japan these days.\n\nIf someone likes anime very much, s/he is 「アニメ[好]{ず}き」. The usage example is\n<http://news.mynavi.jp/articles/2015/06/21/ibayashi/>\n\nIf someone likes manga very much, s/he is 「マンガ[好]{ず}き」. The usage example is\n<https://www.booklista.co.jp/feature/harajyuku/>\n\n* * *\n\n### Edit:\n\nアニメ[好]{ず}き does not mean exactly the same as アニメオタク. アニメ好き represents a person\nwho really likes アニメ. So, all アニメオタク are some kinds of アニメ好き, but some アニメ好き\nare not オタク or オタク-level.\n\n〜[好]{ず}き has a broader meaning, so it's used not to precisely categorize\npeople as オタク, ファン etc, or not to judge people's passion and knowledge levels.\nThe word expresses a simple fact that the person is who likes it very much, no\nmore no less. I think that's why 〜好き is preferred in everyday conversation in\nmany cases.\n\nMaybe, Twitter is not a perfect example for everyday conversation, but for a\nsort of reference, <https://goo.gl/DzCYGm>\n\nBy the way, if アニメ好き is read 「アニメすき」, it means 「アニメが[好]{す}き」 or\n「アニメが[好]{す}きな」. What I'm explaining here is 「アニメずき」 which is a compound noun.\nTweet examples contain both types.\n\nSome people really hate being categorized as オタク, like this questioner's\nfriend. <http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q14107008004>\nSo in this kind of case, 「〜[好]{ず}き」 is appropriate to use, even though the\nperson's passion and knowledge are オタク-level actually.\n\nThe border between オタク and non-オタク is unclear in many situations, and オタク\npeople are diverse. There are beginner-level オタク people, Kami(神)-level オタク\npeople, and between-level オタク people. Some オタク don't accept beginner-level オタク\nas genuine オタク. It's complicating because many people have their own opinions\nabout the border. So, saying アニメ好き might be useful in avoiding a conflict with\na オタク or non-オタク person who has a strong belief about the border and the\nmeaning of the word.\n\nPlease note that アニメ好き, マンガ好き and other 〜好き are essentially good words,\nhowever, it's possible that people having a prejudice use these words in a\nderogatory manner as explained by narutoさん.\n\nMy answer is a closer look at 「〜[好]{ず}き」, because I think this compound word\nis acceptable for most Japanese people, commonly used in everyday\nconversation, and proper in various situations.",
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{
"body": "The safest neutral phrase is **○○ファン** (e.g. アニメファン / 漫画ファン / アニメやゲームのファン /\netc), which is widely used both by otaku and non-otaku people. This can be\nsafely used with non-otaku hobbies, too (e.g. サッカーファン, 将棋ファン). This is\ndefinitely the first choice, for example when you write a news article\nintroducing (favorably) an otaku event in mass media. Other common\npossibilities include **○○愛好家【あいこうか】** and **○○好【ず】き** , which are suitable in\nnews articles, but people do not use these often in casual settings. Here's an\nexample taken from 徳島新聞:\n\n> アニメの祭典「マチ★アソビ」の第１３弾と「アニメ映画祭」は最終日の１２日、徳島市中心部で **コスプレ愛好家**\n> によるショーなどが行われた。台風１９号の影響で開催期間が１日短縮されたものの、県内外の **アニメファン**\n> が街に繰り出し、イベントを盛り上げた。(2014/10/13 徳島新聞)\n\nNote that real Japanese \"cosplayers\" normally call themselves コスプレイヤー, レイヤー or\nコスプレファン, but not コスプレ愛好家.\n\n**オタク** sounds derogatory only when this is used by people who have a\nprejudiced view of オタク. Many otaku take pride in being オタク, and call each\nother オタク (or オタ for short) all the time. When Tarō Asō, former Prime Minister\nof Japan, made a speech in Akihabara, he said \"秋葉原のオタクの皆さん、こんにちは\" and the\naudience applauded, because [he was thought to be a sympathizer of otaku\nculture](http://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC%E3%83%B3%E9%96%A3%E4%B8%8B)\nin those days. But if a different politician had said the same thing, people\nin Akihabara might have felt offended.\n\n**サブカルチャー(サブカル)** is a kind of \"academic\" term to euphemistically refer to so-\ncalled オタク文化. (Wikipedia says that there is a discrepancy between Japanese\nサブカルチャー and English 'subculture', but I'm not sure about that.) Researchers\nsometimes use this when they don't feel like using オタク/オタク文化 frequently in\ntheir academic papers. Unfortunately, this term is not preferred by otaku\npeople themselves, probably because such researchers do not necessarily\nunderstand the otaku culture from the heart, and tend to make pointless\n\"analysis\". If you introduced yourself saying something like サブカルが好き, people\nmight wonder if you are really an otaku.\n\n**○○マニア** used to be a neutral word which simply meant 'a big fan' in\nJapanese. But recently it often carries a negative nuance in Japan, too. For\nexample you can read this Wikipedia article discussing the [difference between\n鉄道マニア, 鉄道オタク and\n鉄道ファン](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3#.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E3.81.AB.E3.81.8A.E3.81.91.E3.82.8B.E5.91.BC.E7.A7.B0.E3.81.AB.E3.81.A4.E3.81.84.E3.81.A6)\nin Japanese.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-14T10:06:16.817",
"id": "25686",
"last_activity_date": "2015-07-14T12:47:22.520",
"last_edit_date": "2015-07-14T12:47:22.520",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "25672",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
25672
| null |
25686
|
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