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mia9

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Turbidity -0.043 0.031 0.163 Turbidity -0.052 0.031 0.098
Surface
Temperature 0.136 0.085 0.111
Surface
Temperature 0.136 0.086 0.114
Bottom
Temperature -0.129 0.093 0.167
Bottom
Temperature -0.145 0.094 0.125
Surface Salinity 0.039 0.023 0.100 Surface Salinity 0.038 0.023 0.107
Bottom Salinity 0.011 0.034 0.749 Bottom Salinity 0.013 0.034 0.705
Red Algae -0.134 0.074 0.069
Green Algae 0.061 0.131 0.640
Brown Algae 0.292 0.275 0.289
Calcareous Algae 0.095 0.106 0.369
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Model Set 4A-D Model 4-A Model 4-B
2005-2011 N  SE p N  SE p
Halodule
Cover-Density
Year 420 -0.031 0.023 0.183
Season 0.107 0.092 0.246
Water Depth 418 -0.003 0.001 <0.001 *
Sediment Depth 0.000 0.001 0.949
Turbidity 0.038 0.027 0.160
Surface
Temperature 0.017 0.082 0.835
Bottom
Temperature 0.016 0.082 0.843
Surface Salinity -0.008 0.023 0.733
Bottom Salinity 0.002 0.031 0.961
Model 4-C Model 4-D
Year 418 -0.036 0.027 0.185 Year 418 -0.031 0.027 0.257
Season -0.006 0.185 0.973 Season -0.025 0.185 0.892
Water Depth -0.003 0.001 <0.001 * Water Depth -0.003 0.001 <0.001 *
Sediment Depth 0.000 0.001 0.777 Sediment Depth 0.000 0.001 0.869
Turbidity 0.018 0.031 0.559 Turbidity 0.013 0.031 0.681
Surface
Temperature 0.016 0.084 0.845
Surface
Temperature 0.046 0.084 0.586
Bottom
Temperature 0.020 0.092 0.827
Bottom
Temperature -0.039 0.092 0.672
Surface Salinity -0.005 0.023 0.818 Surface Salinity -0.007 0.023 0.750
Bottom Salinity 0.001 0.033 0.972 Bottom Salinity 0.001 0.033 0.983
Red Algae -0.229 0.072 0.002 *
Green Algae -0.148 0.128 0.248
Brown Algae -0.465 0.268 0.084
Calcareous Algae 0.036 0.104 0.727
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3.3.3 Relationships between Average Seagrass Canopy Height and Environmental and
Physical Conditions
To investigate temporal effects (either by season or by year) on average seagrass
canopy height, a baseline regression model (Table 14, Model 5A) was used (F = 7.689, p
= 0.001) explaining 3.9% (R
2 = 0. 039) of variability in seagrass canopy height. Season
was not a significant predictor of canopy height (p > 0.05) in this model; however,
average seagrass canopy height increased with increasing years, β = 1.527, p < 0.001
(Table 14, Model 5A).
The effects of environmental variables on average seagrass canopy height were
examined by the baseline regression model (Table 14, Model 5B), which was found to be
statistically significant (F = 10.195, p < 0.001) and able to explain 16% (R
2 = 0.160) of
the variability in seagrass canopy height. Temperature (surface and bottom) and surface
salinity were not significant predictors of canopy height (p > 0.05), but the model showed
that shallower water depth, decreased turbidity, lower bottom salinity, and deeper
sediment depth predicted increased canopy height (p < 0.01; Table 14, Model 5B).
The combined regression model (Model 5C) investigating the effects of temporal
and environmental variables on average seagrass canopy height (F = 9.195, p < 0.001)
was better than the individual baseline models in that it explained 18.2% (R
2 = 0.182) of
variability in the seagrass canopy height. Season, temperature (surface and bottom),
surface salinity, and turbidity were not significant predictors of seagrass canopy height
(p > 0.05) in this model; however, increasing year, shallower water depth, lower bottom
salinity, and deeper sediment depth predicted increased seagrass canopy height (p < 0.01;
Table 14, Model 5C).
A final regression model (Table 14, Model 5D) investigating the combined effects
of temporal, environmental, and algae cover variables on seagrass canopy height was the
best model (F = 10.666, p < 0.001) and explained 27.4% (R
2 = 0.274) of variability in
seagrass canopy height. Season, temperature (surface and bottom), surface salinity,
turbidity, as well as green and brown algae cover were not significant predictors of
seagrass canopy height (p > 0.05) in this model. Seagrass canopy height was affected by
multiple factors that included sediment and water depths, salinity, and the presence of red
and calcareous algae. Shallower water depth, lower bottom salinity, and decreasing
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calcareous algae cover predicted increased average seagrass canopy height (p < 0.01;
Table 14, Model 5D).
Table 14. Models 5A-D. Multiple Enter-wise Regression Models for Average Seagrass
Canopy height and environmental and physical measurements. Algae cover-density
measurements are in #/m2
. Canopy height measurement, water depth, and sediment depth are
measured in cm, temperature is measured in oC, salinity is measured in ‰, turbidity
measured in NTU.  is an unstandardized coefficient of regression, reported with standard
error and significance, p-value. Conventional variables include year of sample (2005-2011),
season (1 = spring, 2 = fall). A. Models evaluating seagrass cover-density for conventional
variables (year*season). B. Models evaluating seagrass canopy height for environmental
variables (depth, temp, salinity, etc.). C. Models evaluating seagrass canopy height adjusted