question stringlengths 13 215 | ground_truth stringlengths 2 3.15k | context stringlengths 0 157k |
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List metalloenzyme inhibitors. | Foscarnet
VT-1129
VT-1161
BB-3497
hydroxamate molecules
siderophores | By screening a library of metalloenzyme inhibitors, the N-formyl-hydroxylamine
derivative BB-3497 was identified as a potent inhibitor of Escherichia coli
peptide deformylase with antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. The
homochiral synthesis of BB-3497, involving a novel asymmetric Michael addition
rea... |
How are immediate early genes (IEG) defined? | this class of genes is experimentally defined by their transcription following primary infection or reactivation in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis. Immediate-early (IE) genes are the first class of viral genes expressed after primary infection or reactivation. | In situ hybridization was used to measure the expression of members of the
Fos/Jun family of immediate-early genes in hypothalamic neurons in vivo
following defined stimuli that utilize different afferent pathways. Only c-jun
messenger RNA was expressed in the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular
nuclei of c... |
Which proteins remove H2A.Z in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae? | Removal of H2A.Z by INO80 promotes homologous recombination Budding yeast INO80 can remove H2A.Z/H2B dimers from chromatin and replace them with H2A/H2B dimers. Here, we show that H2A.Z in human cells is indeed rapidly removed from chromatin flanking DNA damage by INO80. | The mammalian INO80 remodelling complex facilitates homologous recombination
(HR), but the mechanism by which it does this is unclear. Budding yeast INO80
can remove H2A.Z/H2B dimers from chromatin and replace them with H2A/H2B dimers.
H2A.Z is actively incorporated at sites of damage in mammalian cells, raising
th... |
Which library is used for fixed-length approximate string matching? | libFLASM is a free open-source C++ software library for solving fixed-length approximate string matching under both the edit and the Hamming distance models. | BACKGROUND: Approximate string matching is the problem of finding all factors of
a given text that are at a distance at most k from a given pattern. Fixed-length
approximate string matching is the problem of finding all factors of a text of
length n that are at a distance at most k from any factor of length ℓ of a
... |
Are there methods for generating highly multiplexed ChIP-seq libraries? | Yes. There are methods for generating highly multiplexed ChIP-seq libraries. | |
Is Doxorubicin cardiotoxic? | Doxorubicin (DOXO) is widely used to treat solid tumors. However, its clinical use is limited by side effects including serious cardiotoxicity due to cardiomyocyte damage | Doxorubicin is an effective antineoplastic agent, but it frequently causes
dose-related cardiotoxic effects. Because the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
level is elevated in children with heart defects, the authors measured the ANP
levels in children to determine whether ANP might serve as a simple diagnostic
indi... |
Which diseases are associated with Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL)? | Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is associated with:
1) Waldmann's disease and
2) Hennekam syndrome (HS). | Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (Waldmann's disease) is characterized by
protein-losing enteropathy occurring more frequently in childhood. Chronic
diarrhea and diffuse edema are the main clinical manifestations. Peripheral
lymphedema may also be associated. Lymphedema is usually present at the time of
diagnosi... |
Is the mouse Sry gene locus free of repetitive sequences? | We demonstrate that the presence of long inverted repeats (IR) flanking the mouse Sry gene leads to the formation of the Sry circular transcript in cultured cells. We have found that in an in vitro assay, the SRY protein binds to several sites of the Sry gene and especially to a (CA)25 sequence and to a (CAG)30 repeat. | The testis-determining gene Sry is located on the short arm of the mouse Y
chromosome in a region known to have undergone duplications and rearrangements
in comparison with the equivalent portion of the human Y chromosome. Detailed
analysis of the Sry genomic locus reveals a further difference in that the mouse
Sry... |
Is Meis1 implicated in microphthalmia? | Yes. Meis1 coordinates a network of genes implicated in eye development and microphthalmia. Haploinsufficiency of Meis1, which encodes a transcription factor with evolutionarily conserved expression in the embryonic trunk, brain and sensory organs, including the eye, causes microphthalmic traits and visual impairment i... | Microphthalmos is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by reduced eye size
and visual deficits of variable degree. Sporadic and hereditary microphthalmos
have been associated with heterozygous mutations in genes fundamental for eye
development. Yet, many cases are idiopathic or await the identification of
molecu... |
Can Pentraxin 3 predict outcomes of sepsis? | Yes, Pentraxin 3 s an objective biochemical marker in diagnosis of sepsis; it is helpful in assessment of severity and prognosis of sepsis; it also has a certain clinical value in the assessment of sepsis cardiovascular function damage. | OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the recently discovered long pentraxin PTX3 in plasma of
critically ill patients and to compare it with the classic short pentraxin
C-reactive protein and with other indicators of inflammation.
DESIGN: A cohort study on plasma samples.
SETTING: Medical intensive care unit (ICU) of the Universit... |
Which polymerase transcribes pri-miRNAs? | Recent evidence indicates that miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) we have established a robust in vivo system in which pri-miRNA is transcribed by RNAP II and processed to pre-miRNA in HeLa cell nuclear extracts. | MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large family of noncoding RNAs that function as
guide molecules in diverse gene silencing pathways. Current efforts are focused
on the regulatory function of miRNAs, while little is known about how these
unusual genes themselves are regulated. Here we present the first direct
evidenc... |
Which mutated enzyme is responsible for oculocutaneous 1 (OCA1)-type albinism? | Mutations in the gene for tyrosinase (TYR), the key enzyme in melanin synthesis, are responsible for oculocutaneous 1 (OCA1)-type albinism. | Mutations in the gene for the pigment-producing enzyme tyrosinase are
responsible for type IA (tyrosinase-negative) oculocutaneous albinism (OCA).
Most reported mutations have been single base substitutions. We now report three
different frameshift mutations in three unrelated individuals with type IA OCA.
The firs... |
Please list 2 treatments for a torn rotator cuff | to compare clinical outcomes between conventional en masse repair and separate double-layer double-row repair for the treatment of delaminated rotator cuff tears. | BACKGROUND: Many approaches exist for managing rotator cuff tears.
PURPOSE: To compare the benefits and harms of nonoperative and operative
interventions on clinically important outcomes in adults with rotator cuff
tears.
DATA SOURCES: 12 electronic databases (1990 to September 2009), gray literature,
trial registri... |
What is the role of Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy in glioma treatment? | Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) is used in treatment of gliomas. LITT can be used effectively for treatment of difficult-to-access high-grade gliomas. More complete coverage of tumor improves progression free survival which can be translated as the extent of resection concept for surgery. | Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are rare tumors that
carry a poorer prognosis than those arising from the infratentorial compartment
(such as medulloblastoma). The overall prognosis for these patients depends on
several factors including the extent of resection, age at diagnosis, CSF
dissemi... |
Which protein mediates the replacement of H2A by H2A.Z in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae? | Saccharomyces cerevisiae Swr1, a Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase, is the catalytic core of a multisubunit chromatin remodeling enzyme, called the SWR1 complex, that efficiently replaces conventional histone H2A in nucleosomes with histone H2A.Z. We identified a complex containing 13 different polypeptides associated with a so... | The histone variant H2AZ is incorporated preferentially at specific locations in
chromatin to modulate chromosome functions. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
deposition of histone H2AZ is mediated by the multiprotein SWR1 complex, which
catalyzes ATP-dependent exchange of nucleosomal histone H2A for H2AZ. Here, we
defi... |
Which are the key players on radial glial specification to ependymal cells? | Mcidas and GemC1/Lynkeas specify embryonic radial glial cells. Both proteins were initially described as cell cycle regulators revealing sequence similarity to Geminin. They are expressed in radial glial cells committed to the ependymal cell lineage during embryogenesis, while overexpression and knock down experiments ... | Multiciliated cells are abundant in the epithelial surface of different tissues,
including cells lining the walls of the lateral ventricles in the brain and the
airway epithelium. Their main role is to control fluid flow and defects in their
differentiation are implicated in many human disorders, such as hydrocephal... |
Is ocular melanosis a risk factor for uveal melanoma? | Yes, ocular melanosis (melanosis oculi) is a risk factor for uveal melanoma. | The patient aged 75 years presents since her youth, in the left eye, ocular
melanosis with abnormal pigmentation of the sclerotic, hyperpigmentation of the
iris and abnormal pigmentation of the fundus oculi. Six months ago, she noticed
that she is not able to see with this eye, and the fundus oculi examination
emph... |
What is known about telomere length shortening and stress? | A significant relationship between more perceived stress and shorter telomere length is consistent with theoretical frameworks positing that stress induces physiological changes that result in shortened telomeres. | Telomere length, a reliable predictor of disease pathogenesis, can be affected
by genetics, chronic stress and health behaviors. Cross-sectionally, highly
stressed postmenopausal women have shorter telomeres, but only if they are
inactive. However, no studies have prospectively examined telomere length change
over ... |
What fruit causes Jamaican vomiting sickness? | Jamaican Vomiting Sickness is caused by ingestion of the unripe arils of the Ackee fruit, its seeds and husks. | Thirty experimental and fifteen control Wistar rats were studied to determine
whether hypoglycin A influences insulin levels in the body to contribute to the
state of hypoglycemia usually observed in Jamaican vomiting sickness, a
condition arising after ingestion of unripe ackees. This fruit also grows in
other Car... |
Which gene is mutated in the Karak syndrome? | PLA2G6 gene is mutated in the Karak syndrome. | Neurodegenerative disorders with high brain iron include Parkinson disease,
Alzheimer disease and several childhood genetic disorders categorized as
neuroaxonal dystrophies. We mapped a locus for infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy
(INAD) and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) to chromosome
22q12-q13... |
What is LedPred? | LedPred is an R/bioconductor package to predict regulatory sequences using support vector machines. LedPred is provided as an R/Bioconductor package connected to an online server to avoid installation of non-R software. Due to the heterogeneous CRM feature integration, LedPred excels at the prediction of regulatory seq... | Supervised classification based on support vector machines (SVMs) has
successfully been used for the prediction of cis-regulatory modules (CRMs).
However, no integrated tool using such heterogeneous data as position-specific
scoring matrices, ChIP-seq data or conservation scores is currently available.
Here, we pre... |
Is siltuximab effective for Castleman disease? | Yes, siltuximab , a chimeric human-mouse monoclonal antibody to IL6, is approved for the treatment of patients with multicentric Castleman disease who are human immunodeficiency virus negative and human herpesvirus-8 negative. | PURPOSE: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has emerged as a key factor in the pathogenesis of
the atypical lymphoproliferative disorder Castleman's disease (CD). Siltuximab
is a new anti-IL-6, chimeric monoclonal antibody with potential therapeutic
benefit in patients with CD.
METHODS: We report interim results from an open-labe... |
What are Degrons? | Specific signals (degrons) regulate protein turnover mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. | The N-degrons, a set of degradation signals recognized by the N-end rule
pathway, comprise a protein's destabilizing N-terminal residue and an internal
lysine residue. We show that the strength of an N-degron can be markedly
increased, without loss of specificity, through the addition of lysine residues.
A nearly e... |
Which disease is associated with mutated Sox2? | SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome is an uncommon autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations in the SOX2 gene and clinically characterized by severe eye malformations (anophthalmia/microphthalmia) and extraocular anomalies mainly involving brain, esophagus, and genitalia. | Anophthalmia and microphthalmia (A/M) are developmental ocular malformations
defined as the complete absence or reduction in size of the eye. A/M is a highly
heterogeneous disorder with SOX2 and FOXE3 playing major roles in domit and
recessive pedigrees, respectively; however, the majority of cases lack a genetic
e... |
Is the enzyme EPRS phosphorylated? | Yes, EPRS is dually phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) at Ser(886) and then by a Cdk5-dependent-AGC kinase at Ser(999) | The gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-activated inhibitor of translation (GAIT) complex
in human myeloid cells is heterotetrameric, consisting of glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA
synthetase (EPRS), NS1-associated protein 1 (NSAP1), ribosomal protein L13a, and
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The complex binds a structur... |
Which disease the skin condition Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum is associated to? | Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum (NLD) is a rare, granulomatous inflammatory skin disease of unknown origin, sometimes associated with diabetes mellitus. | Necrobiosis lipoidica is a skin disorders with an interesting predisposition for
areas of trauma such as the anterior shins. In this report a patient with
diabetes mellitus and generalized necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum with
localization in surgical scars is described. A brief review of other skin
disorders occ... |
What is the role of Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation? | Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is a widely distributed active histone mark. This histone mark was initially identified by MS and then validated by chemical and biochemical methods. Histone Khib shows distinct genomic distributions from histone Kac or histone Kcr during male germ cell differentiation. In male ge... | We report the identification of a new type of histone mark, lysine
2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib), and identify the mark at 63 human and mouse
histone Khib sites, including 27 unique lysine sites that are not known to be
modified by lysine acetylation (Kac) and lysine crotonylation (Kcr). This
histone mark was ini... |
List diseases associated with the Dopamine Receptor D4 (DRD4). | The 5-repeat allele of a common length polymorphism in the gene that encodes the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) is robustly associated with the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). | The dopaminergic system plays a pivotal role in the central nervous system via
its five diverse receptors (D1-D5). Dysfunction of dopaminergic system is
implicated in many neuropsychological diseases, including attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common mental disorder that prevalent in
childhood. Un... |
Which bacteria cause diphtheria? | Diphtheria is caused by the bacteria:
1) Corynebacterium ulcerans and
2) Corynebacterium diphtheriae. | It was shown in the passive hemagglutination test (PHAT) with a type-specific
somatic antigen on 147 carriers of toxigenic diphtheria bacilli that the PHAT
titres of 1/80 and over were determined in 64% of bacteria. In the process of
carrier state of toxigenic bacteria antimicrobial antibodies were detected in
79% ... |
What is the function of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)? | The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in maintaining calcium homeostasis.
The CaSR is a key regulator for such diverse processes as hormone secretion, gene expression, inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Due to this pleiotropy, the CaSR... | OBJECTIVE: Genetic disorders of calcium metabolism arise in a familial or
sporadic setting. The calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) plays a key role in
maintaining calcium homeostasis and study of the CASR gene can be clinically
useful in determining etiology and appropriate therapeutic approaches. We report
two cases ... |
List drug that were evaluated in the CHAMP trial for migraine. | Childhood and Adolescent Migraine Prevention (CHAMP) trial evaluated effectiveness of amitriptyline and topiramate in the prevention of migraine in children and adolescents. | BACKGROUND: Migraine is one of the most common health problems for children and
adolescents. If not successfully treated, it can impact patients and families
with significant disability due to loss of school, work, and social function.
When headaches become frequent, it is essential to try to prevent the headaches. ... |
What is the role of IL-18BP? | IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a natural inhibitor of IL-18. The balance between IL-18 and IL-18BP has an important role in the inflammatory setting. | AIM: In patients, an association exists between pulmonary diseases and diastolic
dysfunction of the left ventricle (LV). We have previously shown that alveolar
hypoxia in mice induces LV diastolic dysfunction and that mice exposed to
hypoxia have increased levels of circulating interleukin-18 (IL-18), suggesting
in... |
Which protein mediates gene loop formation in the yeast S. cerevisiae? | Moreover, looping is dependent upon the general transcription factor TFIIB: the E62K (glutamic acid 62 --> lysine) form of TFIIB adversely affects looping at every gene tested, including BLM10, SAC3, GAL10, SEN1, and HEM3. TFIIB crosslinks to both the promoter and terminator regions of the PMA1 and BLM10 genes, and its... | Most nucleosomes are well-organized at the 5' ends of S. cerevisiae genes where
"-1" and "+1" nucleosomes bracket a nucleosome-free promoter region (NFR). How
nucleosomal organization is specified by the genome is less clear. Here we
establish and inter-relate rules governing genomic nucleosome organization by
sequ... |
Which two drugs were compared in the ARISTOTLE Trial? | Apixaban for Reduction In Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial compared apixaban and warfarin. | The objective of this review is to summarize data from the Apixaban for
Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation
(ARISTOTLE) and Apixaban Versus Acetylsalicylic Acid to Prevent Stroke in Atrial
Fibrillation Patients Who Have Failed or Are Unsuitable for Vitamin K Antagonist
Treatme... |
What is REVIGO? | REVIGO summarizes and visualizes long lists of gene ontology terms. | Outcomes of high-throughput biological experiments are typically interpreted by
statistical testing for enriched gene functional categories defined by the Gene
Ontology (GO). The resulting lists of GO terms may be large and highly
redundant, and thus difficult to interpret.REVIGO is a Web server that
summarizes lon... |
What is the mechanism of action of onartuzumab? | Onartuzumab is monoclonal antibody targeting MET. It works by inhibiting MET. Onartuzumab was tested for treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the stomach and gastroesophageal Junction, and recurrent glioblastoma. | The objective of this study was to evaluate circulating hepatocyte growth factor
(cHGF) as a pharmacodynamic biomarker of Met inhibition for onartuzumab (MetMAb,
OA5D5v2) in a phase I trial in patients with advanced cancers and a phase II
trial in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The phase I study was a dose
esc... |
Is there a relationship between B cells and Multiple Sclerosis? | MS patients with high neurodegeneration have changes in B cells characterized by down-regulation of B-cell-specific genes and increased activation status | Two-color flow-cytometric analysis on peripheral blood lymphocytes of 46
untreated multiple sclerosis patients (MS), 36 other medical disease patients
(OMD) and 19 healthy control subjects (HC) was performed to know the
relationships between T and B cell subpopulations. In MS patients we observed an
increase of tot... |
Which virus type causes Molluscum contagiosum? | Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is a human poxvirus that causes tumor-like skin lesions. | We report here the clinical and immunological findings in two patients with
molluscum contagiosum poxvirus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS). These cases support earlier evidence that the molluscum
contagiosum virus may act as cases support earlier evidence that the molluscum
contagiosum v... |
Which disease(s) are caused by HEX A deficiency? | Mutations in the HEX A gene, encoding the alpha-subunit of beta-hexosaminidase A (Hex A), are the cause of Tay-Sachs disease as well as of juvenile, chronic, and adult GM2 gangliosidoses. | Tay-Sachs disease is a genetically determined neurodegenerative disorder,
resulting from mutations of the hexosaminidase (Hex) A gene coding for the
alpha-subunit of beta-D-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase. Clinically, there is severe
encephalomyelopathy leading to death within the first few years of life. Hex A
activity is... |
What is Behçet's disease | Behet's disease (BD) is a complex chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. | PURPOSE: Behçet disease is a systemic disease of young adults characterized by
venous occlusion in both the deep venous and retinal circulations. In severe
ocular disease, blindness may occur despite immunosuppressive treatment. The
most common inherited risk factor for the development of idiopathic venous
thrombos... |
Does Yersinia pestis causes a respiratory infection? | Inhalation of Yersinia pestis results in primary pneumonic plague. | Plague is an infectious disease caused by the Yersinia pestis microorganism,
which is transmitted to the human host from a natural reservoir (different
rodent species) by a flea bite. Plague is still encountered in humans in the
areas of its enzootic prevalence in local rodent populations. Infection by flea
bite re... |
List 3 indications for Bupropion | Bupropion is used to treat Obesity, for smoking cessation and for depression | Sustained release bupropion (amfebutamone) is a non-nicotine agent that is
indicated as an aid to smoking cessation. In 2 large well designed clinical
trials, sustained release bupropion 300 mg/day (the recommended dose) for 7 or 9
weeks was associated with considerably and significantly higher smoking
abstinence r... |
What is the function of BAX | BAX is a central death regulator that controls apoptosis in normal and cancer cells | The E1B 19K protein is a potent apoptosis inhibitor and the putative adenovirus
Bcl-2 homolog. To investigate the mechanism of apoptosis regulation,
19K-interacting cellular proteins were identified using the yeast two-hybrid
system, and Bax was one of seven 19-K interacting clones. Residues 50-78 of Bax
containing... |
What is the link between Ctf4 and Chl1 in cohesion establishment? | Ctf4 links DNA replication with sister chromatid cohesion establishment by recruiting the Chl1 helicase to the replisome. The Eco1 acetyltransferase, helped by factors including Ctf4 and Chl1, concomitantly acetylates the chromosomal cohesin complex to stabilize its cohesive links. | Cohesion between sister chromatids mediated by a multisubunit complex called
cohesin is established during DNA replication and is essential for the orderly
segregation of chromatids during anaphase. In budding yeast, a specialized
replication factor C called RF-C(Ctf18/Dcc1/Ctf8) and the
DNA-polymerase-alpha-associ... |
How is primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) caused? | Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is a rare disorder characterized by diffuse or localized dilation and eventual rupture of the enteric lymphatic vessels in mucosa, submucosa, and/or subserosa. Lymph, rich in all kinds of proteins and lymphocytes, leaks into the gastrointestinal tract via the affected lymphatic... | Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL), first described in 1961, is a rare
disease of childhood. Oedema, hypoproteinaemia and diarrhoea are characteristic
symptoms. Bioptic demonstration of dilated lymphatic capillary vessels in
intestinal villi and increased intestinal protein loss are diagnostic. Two
patients ... |
What are congenital disorders of glycosylation? | Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a growing group of inherited metabolic disorders where enzymatic defects in the formation or processing of glycolipids and/or glycoproteins lead to variety of different diseases.
More than 100 rare human genetic disorders that result from deficiencies in the different gly... | Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a growing group of inherited
metabolic disorders where enzymatic defects in the formation or processing of
glycolipids and/or glycoproteins lead to variety of different diseases. The
deficiency of GDP-Man:GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol mannosyltransferase, encoded by the
human o... |
Which are the additions of the JASPAR 2016 open-access database of transcription factor binding profiles? | Compared to the JASPAR CORE collection, JASPAR 2016 has been expanded with 494 new TF binding profiles (315 in vertebrates, 11 in nematodes, 3 in insects, 1 in fungi and 164 in plants) and 59 profiles (58 in vertebrates and 1 in fungi) have been updated. The introduced profiles represent an 83% expansion and 10% update... | JASPAR (http://jaspar.genereg.net) is an open-access database storing curated,
non-redundant transcription factor (TF) binding profiles representing
transcription factor binding preferences as position frequency matrices for
multiple species in six taxonomic groups. For this 2016 release, we expanded the
JASPAR COR... |
What is the function of the protein tafazzin? | Tafazzin is a phospholipid transacylase that transfers acyl chains with unsaturated fatty acids from phospholipids to monolysocardiolipin to generate cardiolipin with unsaturated fatty acids on mitochondrial membrane. | Barth syndrome is an X-linked disorder characterized by cardiomyopathy, skeletal
myopathy, neutropenia, organic aciduria, and growth retardation caused by
mutations in tafazzin. The sequence similarity of tafazzin to acyltransferases
suggests a role in mitochondrial phospholipid metabolism. To study the role of
taf... |
What are assassin bugs? | The family Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), or assassin bugs, is among the most diverse families of the true bugs, with more than 6,000 species. | The complete mitochondrial genome of Peirates arcuatus (Stål) is a typical
double-stranded circular molecule 16,176 bp long with 37 genes usually present
in animal mitochondrial genomes and a control region. Gene order is identical to
that of the putative ancestral arrangement of insects and other assassin bugs.
Th... |
Are the genes for marneral biosynthesis scattered in the genome of A. thaliana? | These clusters are unlikely to have arisen by horizontal gene transfer, and the mechanisms behind their formation are poorly understood. Here we characterize a second operon-like triterpene cluster (the marneral cluster) from A. thaliana, compare the features of these two clusters, and investigate the evolutionary even... | Operon-like arrangements of genes occur in eukaryotes ranging from yeasts and
filamentous fungi to nematodes, plants, and mammals. In plants, several examples
of operon-like gene clusters involved in metabolic pathways have recently been
characterized, e.g. the cyclic hydroxamic acid pathways in maize, the avenacin ... |
Is Dupilumab used for treatment of atopic dermatitis? | Yes, patients treated with dupilumab had marked and rapid improvement in all the evaluated measures of atopic dermatitis disease activity. | INTRODUCTION: Current treatment options for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
(AD) are limited and have potentially dangerous side effects. Dupilumab is a
novel monoclonal antibody that was recently studied in adult patients with
moderate-to-severe AD. Dupilumab inhibits interleukin-4 (IL-4) and
interleukin-13 (... |
Where is base J found in the genome of Leishmania tarentolae? | Base J (β-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil) replaces 1% of T in the Leishmania genome and is only found in telomeric repeats (99%) and in regions where transcription starts and stops. Base J is found predominantly in repetitive DNA and correlates with epigenetic silencing of telomeric variant surface glycoprotein genes i... | DNA from Kinetoplastida contains the unusual modified base
beta-D-glucosyl(hydroxymethyl)uracil, called J. Base J is found predomitly in
repetitive DNA and correlates with epigenetic silencing of telomeric variant
surface glycoprotein genes in Trypanosoma brucei. We have now identified a
protein in nuclear extracts... |
Which tool is available for predicting regulatory interactions from ChIP-seq data? | CisMapper predicts the regulatory targets of a TF using the correlation between a histone mark at the TF's bound sites and the expression of each gene across a panel of tissues. CisMapper is more accurate at predicting the target genes of a TF than the distance-based approaches currently used, and is particularly advan... | 1. |
Where are the unipolar brush cells localized? | Unipolar brush cells (UBCs) are glutamatergic interneurons localized in granule cell regions of the cochlear nucleus and the vestibulocerebellum of cerebellum. | 1. The synaptic activation by mossy fibers (MFs) of unipolar brush cells (UBCs)
in the vestibular cerebellum (nodulus and uvula) was examined using patch-clamp
recording methods in thin, rat cerebellar slices with Lucifer yellow-filled
pipettes for subsequent fluorescence microscopic verification of the cell
morpho... |
Which driver mutations have been identified for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG)? | We found conservation of heterozygous K27M mutations in H3F3A (n = 4) or HIST1H3B (n = 3) across all primary, contiguous, and metastatic tumor sites in all DIPGs | Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a highly morbid form of pediatric
brainstem glioma. Here, we present the first comprehensive protein, mRNA, and
methylation profiles of fresh-frozen DIPG specimens (n = 14), normal brain
tissue (n = 10), and other pediatric brain tumors (n = 17). Protein profiling
identifi... |
Does Jarid2 play a role in early embryo development? | Yes. Jarid2 coordinates Nanog expression and PCP/Wnt signaling required for efficient ESC differentiation and early embryo development. | Jumonij (JMJ)/Jarid2 plays important roles in embryonic development and
functions as a transcriptional repressor. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we
have identified a cofactor of JMJ, the zinc finger protein 496 (Zfp496) that
contains a SCAN, KRAB and zinc finger domain. Our molecular analyses indicate
that Zfp49... |
Is PUVA therapy indicated for eczema treatment? | Yes, PUVA (psoralen plus UVA) therapy is effective for eczema treatment and has relatively few side effects. | PUVA therapy successfully cleared various dermatoses mainly confined to the
palms and soles in 18 of 20 patients treated. The conditions treated were:
plaque-type psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, endogenous eczema and persistent
palmoplantar pustulosis. Seventeen patients were treated in a controlled study
of PUVA th... |
What is DECKO? | DECKO (Double Excision CRISPR Knockout) is a dual CRISPR tool, which is cloned using a single starting oligonucleotide, thereby affording simplicity and scalability to CRISPR knockout studies of non-coding genomic elements, including long non-coding RNAs. | Author information:
(1)Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and
Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. estel.aparicio@crg.eu.
(2)Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
estel.aparicio@crg.eu.
(3)Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigaci... |
List genes associated with hypolipidemia. | PCSK9
APOB
ANGPTL3
ANGPTL4
MTP | BACKGROUND: Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) affects lipid metabolism by
inhibiting the activity of lipoprotein and endothelial lipases. Angptl3 knockout
mice have marked hypolipidemia, and heterozygous carriers of ANGPLT3,
loss-of-function mutations were found among individuals in the lowest quartile
of plasm... |
What is the enzymatic activity of PARL? | the mitochondrial protease presenilin-associated rhomboid-like (PARL). Rhomboids are a recently discovered family of widely distributed intramembrane serine proteases. | Multiple factors promote insulin resistance. In this study, we evaluated the
mRNA levels of presenilins-associated rhomboid-like protein (PARL) and
mitochondrial content and enzyme activity from skeletal muscle isolated from
insulin-resistant rats. Rats fed a high-fat diet for 35 days developed moderate
insulin res... |
Do brown fat cells produce heat? | Yes, brown fat cells produce heat. | Heat production of isolated brown-fat cells by addition of noradrenaline and
glucagon was measured in warm-acclimated control, cold-acclimated and
heat-acclimated rats by use of a twin-type conduction microcalorimeter.
Noradrenaline and glucagon induced maximum heat production per 10(6) cells in
dose of 1 microgram... |
What is a mimotope vaccine? | A mimotope vaccine contains peptide mimics of specific antigen epitopes, which alter the antigen presentation and/or T cell activation to increase the expansion of tumor-specific T cells and are able to induce polyclonal antibodies response. | We have previously reported the identification, using human immune sera, of
mimotopes of human hepatitis B virus surface Ag (HBsAg) displayed on filamentous
phage. To test if these mimotopes could be useful in developing a vaccine
against the human hepatitis B virus (HBV), we have compared the humoral immune
respon... |
Describe clinical manifestation of the Mal de debarquement syndrome. | Mal de debarquement syndrome (MdDS) is a disorder of chronic self-motion perception that occurs though entrainment to rhythmic background motion, such as from sea voyage, and involves the perception of low-frequency rocking that can last for months or years. | Mal de debarquement syndrome is defined by a persistent sensation of rocking and
swaying commonly felt with sea travel that is first noted on return to land. Mal
de debarquement syndrome is not to be confused with seasickness, which causes
nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, and headache. Four female patients with mal de... |
Is Melioidosis caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei? | Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis | The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of melioidosis, caused by the
intracellular bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, are unclear. C57BL/6 mice are
resistant to infection, while BALB/c mice are highly susceptible. Previous
studies have demonstrated that peritoneal exudate cell preparations enriched for
macro... |
What is the mechanism of action of verubecestat? | Verubecestat (MK-8931), a diaryl amide-substituted 3-imino-1,2,4-thiadiazinane 1,1-dioxide derivative, is a potent, selective, structurally unique BACE1 inhibitor that reduced plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain concentrations of Aβ40, Aβ42, and sAPPβ (a direct product of BACE1 enzymatic activity). | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia in the elderly. It
remains incurable and poses a huge socio-economic challenge for developed
countries with an aging population. AD manifests by progressive decline in
cognitive functions and alterations in behaviour, which are the result of the
extensive de... |
How are triple negative gliomas characterized? | of these markers - 1p/19q deletions , mgmt methylation status , and mutations in the idh1 gene - are so potent that a new brain tumor subtype , the "triple negative" glioma (1p/19q intact , mgmt unmethylated , idh1 non-mutated) has entered common parlance . | Adult gliomas are most often infiltrative. The World Health Organization (WHO)
has classed them into three major groups according to the presomptive cell of
origin: astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma and mixed oligoastrocytoma. Depending on
the presence or absence of a small number of signs of anaplasia (mitosis,
nucle... |
What is ectopia lentis? | Ectopia Lentis is dislocation of the optic lens in the eye. | Ectopia lentis is a genetically heterogeneous condition that is characterized by
the subluxation of the lens resulting from the disruption of the zonular fibers.
Patients with ectopia lentis commonly present with a marked loss in visual
acuity in addition to a number of possibly accompanying ocular complications
in... |
Can glyburide reduce cerebral edema? | Yes. Glyburide, a selective inhibitor of sulfonylurea receptor 1-transient receptor potential melastatin 4, is effective in preventing and attenuating cerebral edema. | Inhibition of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) by glyburide has been shown to
decrease edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage. We investigated if inhibiting SUR1
reduces cerebral edema due to metastases, the most common brain tumor, and
explored the putative association of SUR1 and the endothelial tight junction
protein... |
What is the function of gasdermin D? | The gasdermin-N domains of the gasdermin proteins can bind membrane lipids, phosphoinositides and cardiolipin to produce membrane-disrupting cytotoxicity. | Inflammatory caspases drive a lytic form of cell death called pyroptosis in
response to microbial infection and endogenous damage-associated signals. Two
studies now demonstrate that cleavage of the substrate gasdermin D by
inflammatory caspases necessitates eventual pyroptotic demise of a cell. Inflammasome is an i... |
What is TOPAZ1? | TOPAZ1 is a novel germ cell-specific expressed gene conserved during evolution across vertebrates. Its PAZ-domain protein is abundantly expressed in the gonads during germ cell meiosis. The expression pattern of TOPAZ1, and its high degree of conservation, suggests that it may play an important role in germ cell develo... | BACKGROUND: We had previously reported that the Suppression Subtractive
Hybridization (SSH) approach was relevant for the isolation of new mammalian
genes involved in oogenesis and early follicle development. Some of these
transcripts might be potential new oocyte and granulosa cell markers. We have
now characteriz... |
Which are the symptoms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency? | Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency) is the most common red blood cell (RBC) enzyme disorder. The decrease as well as the absence of the enzyme increase RBC vulnerability to oxidative stress caused by exposure to certain medications or intake of fava beans. Among the most common symptoms of th... | Kinetic and electrophoretic properties of 230--300 fold purified preparations of
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) from red cells of donors and patients
with acute drug hemolytic anemia due to G6PD deficiency were studied. A new
abnormal variant of G6PD isolated from red cell of a patient with acute drug
hem... |
Has the gorilla genome been determined? | Yes, the gorilla genome has been sequenced. | DNA sequencing reveals that the genomes of the human, gorilla and chimpanzee
share more than 98% homology. Comparative chromosome painting and gene mapping
have demonstrated that only a few rearrangements of a putative ancestral
mammalian genome occurred during great ape and human evolution. However,
interspecies r... |
Is vemurafenib used for thyroid cancer? | Yes. Vemurafenib, a selective BRAF inhibitor, appears to have promising clinical activity in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) harboring the BRAF(V600E) mutation. | BACKGROUND: Clinical benefit from cytotoxic chemotherapy for metastatic
papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is disappointing, and effective therapeutic
approaches for these patients are urgently needed. Because kinase-activating
mutations in the BRAF proto-oncogene commonly occur in advanced PTC, and
inhibition of BR... |
Are mutations in the C9orf72 gene associated with macular degeneration? | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by motor neurone loss resulting in muscle weakness, spasticity and ultimately death. 5-10% are caused by inherited mutations, most commonly C9ORF72, SOD1, TARDBP and FUS. | Two studies recently identified a GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion in a
non-coding region of the chromosome 9 open-reading frame 72 gene (C9ORF72) as
the cause of chromosome 9p-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and
frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In a cohort of 231 probands with ALS, we
identified the... |
What is the Genome 10K Project? | The Genome 10K Project was established in 2009 by a consortium of biologists and genome scientists determined to facilitate the sequencing and analysis of the complete genomes of 10,000 vertebrate species. | The Genome 10K project aims to sequence the genomes of 10,000 vertebrates,
representing approximately one genome for each vertebrate genus. Since fishes
(cartilaginous fishes, ray-finned fishes and lobe-finned fishes) represent more
than 50% of extant vertebrates, it is planned to target 4,000 fish genomes. At
pres... |
Which gene controls the expression of GATA-1 isoforms? | In this study, we report a transcriptional network in which PU.1 positively regulates GATA-1 expression in mast cell development. This isoform contains an alternatively spliced first exon (IB) that is distinct from the first exon (IE) incorporated in the major erythroid mRNA transcript. | GATA-1 and the ets factor PU.1 have been reported to functionally antagonize one
another in the regulation of erythroid versus myeloid gene transcription and
development. The CCAAT enhancer binding protein epsilon (C/EBPepsilon) is
expressed as multiple isoforms and has been shown to be essential to myeloid
(granul... |
What is MIRA-seq? | MIRA-seq is a reliable, genome-scale DNA methylation analysis platform for scoring DNA methylation differences at CpG-rich genomic regions. The method is not limited by primer or probe design and is cost effective. | BACKGROUND: By comparing fibroblasts collected from animals at 5-months or
16-months of age we have previously found that the cultures from older animals
produce much more IL-8 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We
now expand this finding by examining whole transcriptome differences in the LPS
res... |
How does Ssu72 mediate gene looping? | Investigation of chromosome folding in mutants confirms roles for RSC, "gene looping" factor Ssu72, Mediator, H3K56 acetyltransferase Rtt109, and the N-terminal tail of H4 in folding of the yeast genome. The essential N terminus of the Pta1 scaffold protein is required for snoRNA transcription termination and Ssu72 fun... | The prevailing view of the RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) transcription cycle is
that RNAP II is recruited to the promoter, transcribes a linear DNA template,
then terminates transcription and dissociates from the template. Subsequent
rounds of transcription are thought to require de novo recruitment of RNAP II to
the... |
Is the number of described human nuclear mutations less than 50000? | No, The number of known mutations in human nuclear genes, underlying or associated with human inherited disease, has now exceeded 100,000 in more than 3700 different genes (Human Gene Mutation Database). | The Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) constitutes a comprehensive core
collection of data on germ-line mutations in nuclear genes underlying or
associated with human inherited disease (http://www.hgmd.org). Data cataloged
include single-base-pair substitutions in coding, regulatory, and
splicing-relevant regions,... |
What is the role of peptide aptamers? | Peptide aptamers are artificial short peptides which are able to specifically bind to defined functional domains, track, and inhibit a given target molecule with high affinity, even molecules with poor immunogenicity or high toxicity. They represent a remarkable alternative to antibodies in many different applications. | RNA aptamers were selected against an affinity column containing a farnesylated
peptide modeled after the carboxyl terminus of K ras, the major oncogenic form
of this small G protein family. After 10-rounds of selection, 25% of the RNA
applied to the column could be specifically eluted. Sequence analysis of the
bin... |
Which are the clinical symptoms of left ventricular noncompaction? | The clinical symptoms of left ventricular noncompaction are:
1) heart failure,
2) systemic thromboembolic events,
3) ventricular arrhythmias and
4) sudden cardiac death. | Isolated noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium is a rare cardiac
disorder due to an arrest in myocardial morphogenesis. It is characterized by
prominent and excessive trabeculation in a ventricular wall segment, with deep
intertrabecular spaces perfused from the ventricular cavity. Echocardiographic
find... |
What is the Glasgow Coma score? | Glasgow coma sore is used to determine injury severity on admission to a hospital emergency department or by the duration of unconsciousness. | An instrument in neurologic rehabilitation for the assessment of a person's
clarity of consciousness must fulfill the need to provide the rehabilitation
team with some information regarding the structuring of the rehabilitation
process. The Vienna Vigilance Score is oriented toward cooperation within the
rehabilita... |
Andexanet Alfa is an antidote of which clotting factor inhibitors? | Andexanet alfa is a specific reversal agent for Factor Xa inhibitors. | The new oral anticoagulants have many advantages over vitamin K antagonists, but
they are still associated with a troublesome incidence of major bleeding.
Additionally, the absence of a reversal agent for the new oral anticoagulants is
a barrier to their more widespread use. Currently, there are 3 potential
reversa... |
Which is the main cause of the Patau syndrome? | Patau syndrome is caused by trisomy 13. | The authors examined the soluble proteins of the brain frontal lobes in the
newborn with trisomias of the 13th, 18th, and 21st chromosomes (Down's, Patau's,
and Edwards' syndromes). The examinations were carried out on autopsy material
(the post-mortem period not exceeding 24 hours) by the method of disc
electropho... |
Which is the main abnormality that arises with Sox9 locus duplication? | The 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development (DSD), also known as 46,XX male syndrome, is a rare form of DSD and clinical phenotype shows complete sex reversal from female to male. A complex network of genes determines sex in mammals. Differentiation of testicular tissue in 46,XX individuals is seen either in XX ma... | In humans, testis development depends on a regulated genetic hierarchy initiated
by the Y-linked SRY gene. Failure of testicular determination results in the
condition termed 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis (GD). Several components of the testis
determining pathway have recently been identified though it has been difficult... |
Is Musclin a secretory peptide? | Yes, musclin has been described as a muscle-derived secretory peptide. | Musclin has been described as a muscle-derived secretory peptide, responsive to
insulin in vivo, and inducing insulin resistance in vitro. Because muscle fibers
display very different metabolic properties and insulin sensitivity, we tested
the hypothesis that musclin expression could depend on myofiber type. Musclin... |
What tissue is commonly affected in Marfan's syndrome | Marfan syndrome (MS) is a connective tissue disorder that affects thousands of adolescents | BACKGROUND: Marfan's syndrome is an inherited disorder of connective tissue
associated with characteristic abnormalities of the skeletal, ocular, and
cardiovascular systems. Marked clinical variability and age dependency of all
manifestations of Marfan's syndrome may render the unequivocal diagnosis
difficult in mi... |
To which disease does the loss of CD28 expression by liver-infiltrating T cells contribute? | Loss of CD28 expression by liver-infiltrating T cells contributes to pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. | BACKGROUND & AIMS: T-cell-mediated biliary injury is a feature of primary
sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We studied the roles of CD28(-) T cells in PSC and
their regulation by vitamin D.
METHODS: Peripheral and liver-infiltrating mononuclear cells were isolated from
blood or fresh liver tissue. We analyzed numbers, p... |
Are cutaneous porphyrias inherited with a recessive pattern? | No, cutaneous porphyrias are inherited in a dominant (not recessive) pattern. | The acute porphyrias constitute a group of metabolic disorders engaging enzymes
in the haem synthetic chain and generally following domit inheritance
patterns. Some gene carriers are vulnerable to a range of exogenous and
endogenous factors, which may trigger neuropsychiatric symptoms. Early diagnosis
is of prime i... |
Which disease is treated with ZMapp? | ZMapp is a combination of antibodies for treatment of Ebola virus disease. | Author information:
(1)National Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Public
Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada.
(2)1] National Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Public
Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada [2] Department of
Medic... |
Can methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutations cause homocystinuria? | Yes, several methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutations can cause homocystinuria and hyperhomocysteinemia. | A 24 day old girl with homocystinuria and hypomethioninaemia caused by
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency presented with rapidly
progressing encephalopathy and myopathy. An almost complete recovery was
achieved by treatment with betaine. We report findings on a child presenting with neonatal homocystinu... |
What happens to H2AX upon DNA bouble strand breaks? | Phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) is rapidly concentrated in chromatin domains around DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) after the action of ionizing radiation or chemical agents and at stalled replication forks during replication stress The nuclear foci of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) are frequently used as a marker fo... | DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can induce chromosomal aberrations and
carcinogenesis and their correct repair is crucial for genetic stability. The
cellular response to DSBs depends on damage signaling including the
phosphorylation of the histone H2AX (γH2AX). However, a lack of γH2AX formation
in heterochromatin ... |
Can valproic acid prolong survival of glioblastoma patients? | Yes, there is evidence to suggest that valproic acid (VPA) is associated with prolonged survival of glioblastoma patients. Several studies have indicated that VPA has radiosensitizing effects for gliomas and radioprotective influence on normal brain tissue or hippocampal neurons. | BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy has limited effects in the treatment of high-grade
gliomas (HGGs). Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, may
sensitize HGGs to radiochemotherapy. As the drug has been given frequently as an
antiepileptic drug, a retrospective analysis was conducted to ensure relevant
... |
What is the effect of the direct interaction of Ikaros and Foxp1 in B-lymphocytes? | Direct interaction of Ikaros and Foxp1 modulates expression of the G protein-coupled receptor G2A in B-lymphocytes and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | Ikaros and Foxp1 are transcription factors that play key roles in normal
lymphopoiesis and lymphoid maligcies. We describe a novel physical and
functional interaction between the proteins, which requires the central zinc
finger domain of Ikaros. The Ikaros-Foxp1 interaction is abolished by deletion
of this region, ... |
Which syndrome is caused by deletion of Pds5b in mice? | Mice lacking sister chromatid cohesion protein Pds5b exhibit developmental abnormalities reminiscent of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. | PDS5B is a sister chromatid cohesion protein that is crucial for faithful
segregation of duplicated chromosomes in lower organisms. Mutations in cohesion
proteins are associated with the developmental disorder Cornelia de Lange
syndrome (CdLS) in humans. To delineate the physiological roles of PDS5B in
mammals, we ... |
What is the inheritance of Barth syndrome? | Barth syndrome (BTHS) has an X-linked recessive pattern of inheritance. | Barth syndrome is an X-linked disorder characterised by cardioskeletal myopathy
of variable severity usually fatal in childhood, and neutropenia. We ascertained
a large pedigree with affected males in 3 generations. All affected males had
dilated cardiomyopathy, with endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) in some. The loc... |
Is Cryptococcus neoformans a frequent cause of isolated skin infections in immunocompromised individuals | Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis (PCC) without systemic infection is rare. | The authors report a male patient, a seller with no detected immunosuppression,
with an extensive ulcerated skin lesion localized on the left forearm, caused by
Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii serotype B. Oral treatment with fluconazole
was successful. A review of the literature showed the rarity of this
locali... |
What is the mechanism of action of Pictilisib? | Pictilisib acts by inhibiting PI3K. It is used for breast cancer treatment. | PURPOSE: This first-in-human dose-escalation trial evaluated the safety,
tolerability, maximal-tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLT),
pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary clinical activity of
pictilisib (GDC-0941), an oral, potent, and selective inhibitor of the class I
phosphatidylino... |
What are sirtuins? | Seven sirtuins have been identified in humans, and their functions currently surpass their originally identified role as histone deacetylase and chromatin silencers to encompass nutrient sensing and metabolic function. All seven sirtuins require NAD(+) in order to carry out their enzymatic activity, and thus become act... | Sirtuins are NAD-dependent lysine deacylases that play critical roles in
cellular regulation and are implicated in human diseases. Modulators of sirtuins
are needed as tools for investigating their biological functions and possible
therapeutic applications. However, the discovery of sirtuin modulators is
hampered b... |
Which miRNA is targeted by SRY/Sox9? | The testis-specific circRNA, sex-determining region Y (Sry), serves as a miR-138 sponge, suggesting that miRNA sponge effects achieved by circRNA formation are a general phenomenon | Metastasis is the major factor affecting patient survival in ovarian cancer.
However, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Our study used isogenic pairs
of low- and high-invasive ovarian cancer cell lines to demonstrate the
downregulation of miRNA-138 in the highly invasive cells, and its functioning as
an inhi... |
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