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D i.e. Frie - test - Most specific test is TPI > FTA -ABSQ Non treponemal test becomes non reactive after t/t; the Treponemal test often remain reactive & therefore not helpful in determining the infection status of person with past syphilis Q. Response to treatment in early syphilis is seen by sequential VDRL or RPR t... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Posterior cricoarytenoid Abductors : Adductors : Tensors : Posterior cricoarytenoid Lateral cricoarytenoid Interarytenoid (transverse arytenoid) Thyroarytenoid (external pa) Cricothyroid Cricothyroid Vocalis (internal pa of thyroarytenoid) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is D (>25mm Hg): Alveolar Pulmonary edema from elevated hydrostatic pressure (Cardiogenic) is typically associated with PCWP >25 ntm Hg. Elevated PCWP but with Pressure <25mm Hg is usually associated with interstitial pulmonary edema and not true alveolar pulmonary edema. Hydrostatic pulmonary edema is also know... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Purkinje Cells It is the characteristic cell of cerebellum.It gets stimulated by climbing fibers coming from inferior olivary nucleus .The main output of this cell is to cerebellar nuclei and is inhibitory in nature. Ref.B D Chaurasia's human anatomy.vol.3 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Best and the fastest acting drug for leprosy is rifampicin.
Clofazamine and dapsone are bacteriostatic agents. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor Gastrin is secreted by Gastrinomas.Gastrinomas are neuroendocrine tumors found in the duodenum (50 to 70%) pancreas (20 to 40%) andOther intraabdominal sites (mesentery, lymph nodes, biliary tract, liver, stomach, ovary)Excess gastrin secretion leads to Zollinger Elliso... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans: d (Nuclear cytoplasmic ratio 1:4)The hallmark of malignant transformation is anaplasia.The morphological changes in anaplasia are:-1) Pleomorphism: by both cell & nuclei2) Abnormal nuclear morphology: HyperchromasiaNuclear cytoplasmic ratio approaches 1:1 (normal is 1:4 or 1:6)Large nucleoli3) Large no of mitoses4... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Sta cat. I immediately Repeat May 10 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Bater's syndrome - There is loss of transpo function of Thick ascending loop of henle(TALH) Segment of nephron which results in hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis classic BS- typically suffer from polyuria and polydypsia due to reduction in renal concentrating ability . Increase in urinary calcium excretion 20% are hypoma... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. Vision is impaired | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Meningococcal meningitis Doc for empirical T/t - ceftriaxone Definitive T/t - penicillin G Prophylaxis - ceftriaxone (most effective ), for pregnant female Ciprofloxacin (DOC for prophylaxis ,orally given) Rifampicin * Ceftriaxone - currently , most reliable and fastest acting bactericidal drug for enteric fever Uses: ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Oral pills | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Refer Robbins page no Pg 1030 Medullary Thyroid Carcinomas. Familial medullary thyroid carcinomas occur in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN-2, see later) and are associated with germline RET mutations that lead to constitutive activation of the recep- tor. RET mutations are also seen in approximately one half o... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
FOOT DROP:- Paralysis of muscles of anterior compament of the leg due to injury to deep peroneal nerve results in loss of power of dorsiflexion of foot and eversion. As a result, foot us plantar flexed. Ankle reflex is intact.This is usually caused by injury or disease of the common peroneal nerve due to trauma, lepros... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Triple phosphate or struvite ( Calcium phosphate with ammonium magnesium phosphate ) is smooth and diy white. It grows in alkaline urine, especially when urea splitting organisms like proteus are present and break urea to ammonia and co2 and make urine alkaline. they enlarge to fill most of the collecting system formin... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
313IPC section-Causing miscarriage without woman s consent-Whoevr commits the offence without the consent of the woman, whether the woman is quick with child or not, shall be punished with imprisonment for life , or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to 10 years and shall also be liable... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
- This case history suggests NON IMMUNE HYDROPS - seen in severe variety of alpha thalassemia (HbH or Hb Bas). - ABO incompatibility usually leads to mild hemolysis, which is not severe enough to lead to hydrops fetalis. - b-thalassemia - Doesn't present immediately after bih | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Clinical features of PSC More common in males, mean age at presentation is 40-45 years About 75 %of patients are asymptomatic at presentation with evidence of cholestatic liver disease such as jaundice, Pruritus and fatigue Symptoms of bacterial cholangitis are uncommon Condition is characterized by relapses & remissio... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (C) ThoracicREF: Tuberculosis of skeletol system SM tuli 3rd e p, 192Important points about skeletal TBMost commonSite: vertebralSite in vertebra: lowerthoracic or dorsolumbar Route of spread: hematogenousType: paradiscalSymptom: back pain | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(Ref: Grainger&;s diagnostic radiology, 6th ed; page 134) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In shot gun catridge, the gun powder is separated from pallets by a flat felt discussing which is called Wad. The wad may be made up of paper or plastic. The wad acts like a piston driving the pellets in a bunch. Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PAGE 139 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Determinants of GFR A) Increase glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure increases GFR. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is determined by following variables : i) Aerial pressure, ii)Afferent aeriolar resistance; iii) Efferent aeriolar resistance. i) Increased aerial pressure tends to... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B. Start Category I ATT in I trimestera. Tuberculosis during pregnancy should be diagnosed promptly and as early as possible.b. Late diagnosis and care is associated with 4-fold increase in obstetric morbidity and 9-fold increase in pre-term labor.c. Poor nutritional states, hypo-proteinemia, anaemia and associate... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Galeazzi's test: Performed between 3-8 month aged children in unilateral cases of developmental dysplasia of hip(DDH). Child is in supine position with the hip and knee in flexion Positive Galeazzi test- Limb-length discrepancy and reduced abduction in flexion of the left hip. Clinical Diagnosis - DDH : 1. Abduction is... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Adenoidectomy contraindicated in 1. Bleeding disorder 2. Acute infection of upper respiratory tract 3. Cleft palate or submucous palate Re: Textbook of Ear, Nose and Throat, Dhingra, 6th Edition; Pg no: 431 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is None Criteria for physiological jaundice Clinical jaundice appears after 24 hours of age Total bilirubin rises by less than 5mg/dl per day (no sudden rise) o Peak bilirubin occurs at 3-5 days of age, with a total bilirubin of no more than 15 mg/dl Clinical jaundice is resolved by 1 weeks in term infants and 2 w... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (D) Simple Enucleation is treatment of choiceREF: Sabiston 18rh edition chapter 33MALIGNANT SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS:The majority of neoplasms arise in the parotid gland (70%), -whereas tumors of the submandibular gland (22%) and sublingual and minor salivary glands (8%) are less common.The ratio of malignant to b... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Dissociative Amnesia This is the commonest clinical type of dissociative disorder. Occurring mostly in adolescent and young adults (females more than males, except in war), it is characterised by a sudden inability to recall impoant personal information (amnesia), paicularly concerning stressful or traumatic life event... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
This patient has scleroderma and esophageal symptoms are present in more than 50% of patients. They are due to the reduced tone of the gastroesophageal sphincter and dilation of the distal esophagus. Gastric and small intestinal motility problems can also occur. Vascular ectasia in the GI tract can result in bleeding. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Pronounced or aiculated with both lips, as the consonants b, p, m, and wBaby stas producing bilabial words by the 4th month of age(Refer: OP Ghai's Textbook of Pediatrics, 8th edition, pg no. 32) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Since its iron def anemia there is decreased iron , ferritin , and transferin saturation . There is increased protoporphyrin levels as there is impaired maturation of Hb due to Fe deficiency. Ref: robbins 9/e pg :649 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 2500 kcal/dEnergy requirment/day (calories burn per day)Age of men (years)Sedentary workModerate workHeavy work19-302250-24502650-28503400-360031-502000-22002450-26503100-3300>501900-20002400-25003000-3100 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(D) Laryngeal cancer[?]High tracheostomy is done above the level of thyroid isthmus (isthmus lies against II, III and IV tracheal rings). It violates the 1st ring of trachea. Tracheostomy at this site can cause perichondritis of the cricoid cartilage and subglottic stenosis and is always avoided. Only indication for hi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Stroke volume is an impoant determinant of cardiac output, which is the product of stroke volume and hea rate and is also used to calculate ejection fraction, which is stroke volume divided by end-diastolic volume. So to maintain cardiac output it decreases if hea rate increases and vice versa. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
This patient is showing features of occlusion of anterior inferior cerebellar aery which supplies the structures in the inferior pons such as fibers of the seventh nerve, solitary nucleus and tract and cochlear nuclei. Patients with occlusion of anterior inferior cerebellar aery develops tinnitus, deafness, ipsilateral... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In over 90% of patients, the main abnormality is reduced uric acidexcretion by the kidney, which is genetically determined. Impaired renal excretion of urate also accounts for the occurrence of hyperuricaemia in chronic renal failure, and for hyperuricaemia associated with thiazide diuretic therapy . The prevalence of ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B. M. UlceransM. Ulcerans causes Buruli ulcer.* It starts as a nodule or papule which progresses further to form a shallow necrotic ulcer.* Children (5-15 years old) have the highest incidence of Buruli ulcers, with most lesions on the lower extremities.Image: Extensive Buruli ulcer | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Patients with systemic sclerosis: Have increased serum antibodies to human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) Evidence of human parvovirus B19 infection is seen It is more in miners exposed to silica. It is more in polyvinyl chloride, epoxy resins, and aromatic hydrocarbons including toluene and trichloroethylene exposures. Bleomy... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The steps in an epidemic investigation are :Verification of diagnosisConfirmation of the existence of the epidemicDefining the population at riskObtaining a map of the areaCounting the populationRapid search for all cases & their characteristicsMedical surveyEpidemiological case sheetSearching for more casesData analys... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A i.e. HoloprosencephalyRef: Nelson, Textbook of Pediatrics, 20th edition, page 2640Explanation:HoloprosencephalyDisorder of neuronal migration with defective cleavage of the prosencephalon (the forebrain of the embryo fails to develop into two hemispheres) and inadequate induction of the forebrain structures.Cause - M... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Effect of environment of genes is called euthenics studies with mentally retarded children indicated that exposure to environmental stimulation improved their IQ negative eugenics is to reduce the frequency of hereditary disease and disability in the community by sterilisation or debarration of patients from producing ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A. i.e. (Gain in weight / Protein consumed) (702- Rana Shinde 7th) (512 - U. satyanarayan 3rd)1. PROTEIN EFFICIENCY RATIO (PER) - consists of feeding weaning (21 days old) albino rats with a 10% test protein diet and recording the gain in body weight for a period of 4 weeks.Gain in weight of young animals per unit weig... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
TCA * MECHANISM This is an antidepressant with three rings. It acts by blocking the transpoers of neurotransmitters resulting in increased neurotransmitters in synapse DRUGS AMITRYPTILLINE IMIPRAMINE CLOMIPRAMINE DESIPRAMINE NORIPTILLINE DOXEPINE * USE AMITRYPTILLINE========PAIN WITH DEPRESSION IMIPRAMINE==========CHIL... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A- Pituitary tumor B- Adrenal tumor C- Ovarian tumor This young female has more than hirsutism, which is increased hair growth. She also has virilism, or the effects of androgens on the skin, voice, and clitoris. The hyperandrogenism seems to be of acute onset, which is consistent with an androgen-secreting tumor. The ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Immunoglobulin (Ig),is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune systema Ref: Ananthanarayan & Panikers textbook of microbiology 9th edition pg:94 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Binds to receptor and causes opposite action o Receptors are specific binding site with functional correlate,o In relation to action through receptors, two terms are important.i) AffinityAbility of the drug to combine with the receptor.It determines the concentration of drug required to form a signifi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Carbamoyl phosphate synthase I is the rate-limiting enzyme of the urea cycle Active only in the presence of N-acetylglutamate(NAG), an allosteric activator that enhances the affinity of the synthase for ATP. Arginine is the allosteric activator of NAG synthase. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Hydrops (edema) results from accumulation of excessive fluid in the endolymphatic sac. Labyrinthine hydrops or endolymphatic hydrops is known as Meniere disease. This disease can result in hearing loss, roaring noises in the ear, and episodic dizziness (vertigo) associated with nausea and vomiting. About 10% of patient... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Amongst the given options, N2O has minimum diffusion coefficient. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Lithium inhibits thyroid hormone release. Amiodarone inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 and also interfere with thyroid hormone action. PAS inhibit thyroglobulin iodination and coupling reaction. lithium also interfers with thyroid function and cause hypothyroidism mostly REF.Essential of medical pharmacology K... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Common peroneal nerve injury may result in
- Foot drop
- Weakness of dorsiflexion
- Inability to extend the toes.
- Loss of eversion
- Sensory loss
Anterior side of leg
Lateral side of leg
Dorsum of foot and toes (including medial side of big toe)
Common peroneal nerve injury does not affect
- Sensation on late... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Potassium chloride-1.5 gm Because of the improved effectiveness of reduced osmolarity ORS solution, WHO and UNICEF are recommending that countries manufacture and use the following formulation in place of the previously recommended ORS solution. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., RA Windswept deformity Knee : - A valgus deformity of one knee in association of varus deformity of other knee is know as windswept deformity. It is seen in : Rickets, Physeal oseochondromatosis, Hereditary dysplasia (epiphyseal dysplasia) of bone and Rheumatoid ahritis. Foot : - Detion of all - toes ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Neuroblastoma can present as paraneoplastic syndrome of autoimmune origin manifesting as ataxia or oposmyoclonus (Dancing eyes and dancing feat).
In such cases primary tumor is in the chest or abdomen and the brain is negative for tumor.
Some tumor produce catecholamines that can cause sweating and HTN and some release... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
“The most definitive investigation for Amyloidosis is biopsy”.
For many years rectal biopsy was the first procedure of choice.
An important clinical advance was the recognition that the capillaries in the subcutaneous fat are often involved in patients with systemic amyloidosis and can often provide sufficient tissues... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i e., Urease negative Cryptococcus neoformans is distinguished from other non-pathogenic crvptococci by ? - Ability to grow at 37degC Lack of fermentative ability - Ability to hydrolyze urease (urease positive) - Formation of brown pigment on niger seed agar - Ability to assimilate inositol Ability to produ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The function of Vit K depends on Calcium. Function of vitamin K 1. Formation of g-carboxyglutamate (GLA): Vitamin K is required in the hepatic synthesis of prothrombin and blood clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X. These proteins are synthesized as inactive precursor molecules. Formation of the clotting factors require... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Central poion of vitamin B12 consists of four reduced and extensively substituted 'pyrrole rings' surrounding a single cobalt atom (Co). This central structure is called 'corrin ring system. When cyanide is bound to cobalt atom is called as cyanocobalamin. Cobalt is required only as a constituent of vitamin B12. While ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
<p> classification of pneumonia. Fast breathing is present when the respiratory rate is : 1. 60 breaths/min or more in child < 2 months of age. 2. 50 breaths/min or more in child aged 2-12 months. 3. 40 breaths/min or mote in child 12 months - 5 yrs. VERY SEVERE DISEASE:- 1. Not able to drink 2. Convulsions, abnormally... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Superficial punctate keratitis seen in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis is characterised by Shied ulcer. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Screening refer to 'the search for unrecognized disease or defect by means of rapidly applied tests, examinations or other procedures in apparently healthy individuals'
For screening a disease the most important parameter is sensitivity
Sensitivity is defined as the ability of a test to identify correctly all those wh... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Dipsomania is compulsive drinking or an irresistible urge to drink alcohol. Kleptomania: Intense urge to steal Pyromania: Intense urge to put things on fire Trichotillomania: Irresistible urge to pluck hair | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Enterohemorrhagic * O 157: H7 is the most prominent serotype of EHEC, associated with HUS, but 06,026,055,091,0103,0111,0113 and OX3 have also been associated with this syndrome.Specific diseases caused by different pathotypes* Enteropathogenic E coli (EPEC)-Watery diarrhea in Infants and children* En... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. C. Compression of the lateral cutaneous nerve of thighThe lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh may typically be compressed at several locations, such as the inguinal ligament, by tight belts (e.g. weightlifter's belt), resulting in pain in the anterolateral part of the thigh. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A penile fracture occurs when the tunica albuginea of one or both corpus cavernosum ruptures due to direct trauma to the erect penis. It can be associated with paial or complete urethral rupture, or deep dorsal vein injury. The most common cause is sexual intercourse, but other causes include animal bites, stabbing, bu... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'None' | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. Face | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. d (All of the above)CAUSES OF LENS DISLOCATIONDiseases that can be associated with subluxation or dislocation of the lens# Sharp and in particular blunt injuries (globe contusion)# Metabolic disorders- Marfan syndrome- Homocystinuria- Weil-Marchesani syndrome- Hyperlysinemia- Sulfite oxidase deficiency- Ehlers-Dan... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The chief oral manifestations of scarlet fever have been referred to as stomatitis scarlatina.
Small punctate red macules may appear on the hard and soft palate and uvula. These are called Forchheimer spots; however, these are not diagnostic since they may be present in other infectious conditions like rubella, roseol... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
this is Rorschach Test. it was given by Herman Rorschach, a Swiss psychiatrist. it was developed 1910. The Rorschach test is the most frequently used projective personality instrument. it has in total of 10 cards 5 cards are black and white as mentioned in the image 2 cards are black and red and 3 cards are multicolour... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Wahin tumour/papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum is viually restricted to parotid gland. Occur more commonly in male than female. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. C. Brenner's tumor. (Ref Shaw Gynecology 15th/pg. 376)Histology, Brenner's tumor is characterized by background of fibrous tissue; with interspresed transitional epithelium (Walthard cells).Typical Histological findings of few ovarian tumorsHistological findingOvarian tumor1Call exner bodiesGranulosa cell tumor2Sc... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18ed. & Nelson Texbook of Pediatrics, 19th ed.Explanation:Intermittent vascular claudication most often refers to cramping pains in the buttock or leg muscles. It is caused by poor circulation of the blood to the affected area. The poor blood flow is often a result of at... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
HPE image is suggestive of DCIS-NOS. A- Pectoralis major B- Lactiferous ducts C- Suspensory ligament D- Subdermal lymphatics The image given above depicts circumferential retraction of nipple which occurs due to involvement of lactiferous ducts. Subdermal lymphatics involvement/blockade will give rise to peau d' orange... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B: Digoxin poisoning Dialyzable drugs and Poisons: Barbiturates : Phenobarbital -Pentobarbital -Amobarbital Alcohol's : Methanol -Ethanol -Ethylene glycol -Isopropanol Analgesics : Acetylsalicylic acid -Methylsalicylate Metals : Calcium -Potassium -Sodium -Lithium Endogenous toxins : Uric acid -Uremic toxins -Hype... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The appearance of pseudogout in elderly patients should raise the probability of hyperparathyroidism. Blood calcium levels may be normal when checked , but parathyroid hormone levels will be elevated. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME:-
Injury to median nerve in carpal tunnel.
Causes:-
Tenosynovitis of flexor tendons.
Myxedema
Retention of fluid in pregnancy
Fracture dislocation of lunate bone.
Osteoarthritis of wrist.
Symptoms:-
1. Feeling of burning pain or " pins & needles " along lateral 3 and half digits especially at ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Cantrell pentology include diaphragmatic,cardiovascular anomalies,sternal anomalies, midline defect. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
CFR= (Total number of deaths due to a paicular disease / Total number of cases due to the same disease ) x100CFR=5/20x100CFR= 25 %(Refer: K. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social medicine, 24th edition, pg no: 63) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
These markers strongly favor a very good prognosis for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common malignancy in children: early precursor-B-cell type, hyperdiploidy, and patient age between 2 and 10 years, chromosomal trisomy, and t (12;21). Marrow infiltration by the leukemic cells leads to pancytopenia. Poor... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Nitrates primarily decrease preload, while CCBs have a greater effect on afterload. Their concurrent use may decrease cardiac work to an extent not possible with either drug alone. This combination may be especially valuable in severe vasospastic angina. Eg for nitrates: GTN CCBs-amlo,felo,clevidipine, verapamil, dilti... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A sensitivie and simple procedure for the detection and quantitation of soluble complement (C)- fixing immune complexes in sera of patients with various disease states has been developed by utilizing C receptors on Raji cells. These cells lack membrane-bound immunoglobulin but have receptors for IgG Fc, C3b, C3d, and p... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Discussing options one by one: OPTION 1 - TRUE - Papillary thyroid cancer is most common subtype of thyroid cancer OPTION 2 - TRUE - Follicular variant of papillary cancer is most common type & is easily misdiagnosed as follicular ca. OPTION 3 - FALSE - RET-PTC gene mutation & radiation exposure are most impoant risk f... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Bruxism (teeth-grinding): The patient has an involuntary and forceful grinding of teeth during sleep. Though the bed paner repos loud sounds produced by grinding of teeth and destruction of the tooth enamel is obvious, the patient remains completely unaware of the episode(s). Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ah... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
. Seminoma | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ultrasound is the first radiological investigation done to evaluate obstructive or any jaundice. It is both sensitive and specific for diagnosing gallbladder stones and biliary tract dilatation.
It is able to detect the level of biliary obstruction and most of other causative pathologies. It is also very sensitive for ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Electrocardiographic changes in hypokalemia include broad flat T waves, ST depression, u wave and QT prolongation. (reference: harrisons principles of internal medicine,19E page-307) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a febrile illness seen predominantly, but not exclusively, in menstruating women. Clinical criteria for TSS include fever greater than 102degF (38.9degC), rash, hypotension, and abnormalities of the mucous membranes and the gastrointestinal, hepatic, muscular, cardiovascular, or central ne... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Flupenthixol Antipsvchotics (Neuroleptics)o Antipsychotics are a group of psychoactive drugs commonly used to treat psychosis, e.g. Schizophrenia.o Antipsychotic drugs are divided into:Typical antipsychotics (first generation antipsychotics)1. .Phenothiazines - Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine, Triflupera... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. Protein coagulation | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Gantacurium represents a new class of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers called asymmetric mixed-onium chlorofumarates. Ref: Miller's anesthesia-7th ed , Chapter 29. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis is one of the early features of Wegener granulomatosis. The pathogenesis of this renal disease is not known, but it is thought to be immune mediated because most patients have antibodies to neutrophils (ANCA). These autoantibodies activate neutrophils and cause them to adhere to end... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Hco3 is absorbed in th PCT. Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:475,476,477 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Acne excoriee Type of acne that occurs when the affected individual picks at the acne lesions. Most often seen in teen girls. The picking exacerbates the acne and causes scars; Scarring leads to more acne and, ultimately, more picking. Acne conglobata Highly inflammatory disease presenting with comedones, nodules, absc... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Testosterone Predisposing factors for Acne vulgaris Genetic factors Hormones -4 Androgens, glucocoicoids. Psychological stress and depression. Environmental factors High temperature & humidity. Cosmetics -3 Containing lenolin, petroleum, vegetable oils. Infection --> Propionibacterium, Pityrosporum, S... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Inoperable lesser leaks are resolved without any surgical interventions as they can heal spontaneously. Ref: Diseases of nose, throat and ear; Logan Turner; pg 29 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
d. Complete heart block(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2171-2174, Ghai 8/e p 457-461)Congenital complete AV blockIt is presumed to be caused by autoimmune injury of fetal conduction system by maternally derived anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/ La antibodies in a mother with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or Sjogren syndromeAutoimmune ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Primary Amenorrhea- In absence of secondary sexual characters, no menses till the age of 13 years - In presence of secondary sexual characters, no menses till the age of 15years Causes: Ovarian dysgenesis , also termed gonadal dysgenesis in women is most common cause. In this, turners syndrome is the commonest variety ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
C i.e. Punishment Operant conditioning (learning) procedures of behaviour therapy to change maladaptive behaviour use response as reinforcerQ. In punishment (operant conditioned-behaviour therapy) aversive (pain) response/stimulus is given for decreasing undesired behaviourQ whereas, in positive reinforcement desirable... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Presence of phvtates Iron absorption o Iron is mainly absorbed in the duodenum. o There are two broad forms of diatary iron, and they are obsorbed differently - Absorption of haem iron Haem iron is the iron present as myoglobin, hemoglobin and related compounds from which the haem is released by prote... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
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