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not_interval_integrable_of_sub_inv_is_O_punctured {f : ℝ → F} {a b c : ℝ} (hf : (λ x, (x - c)⁻¹) =O[𝓝[≠] c] f) (hne : a ≠ b) (hc : c ∈ [a, b]) : ¬interval_integrable f volume a b
begin have A : ∀ᶠ x in 𝓝[≠] c, has_deriv_at (λ x, real.log (x - c)) (x - c)⁻¹ x, { filter_upwards [self_mem_nhds_within] with x hx, simpa using ((has_deriv_at_id x).sub_const c).log (sub_ne_zero.2 hx) }, have B : tendsto (λ x, ‖real.log (x - c)‖) (𝓝[≠] c) at_top, { refine tendsto_abs_at_bot_at_top.comp (r...
lemma
not_interval_integrable_of_sub_inv_is_O_punctured
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/non_integrable.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.log.deriv", "measure_theory.integral.fund_thm_calculus" ]
[ "has_deriv_at", "has_deriv_at_id", "interval_integrable", "not_interval_integrable_of_tendsto_norm_at_top_of_deriv_is_O_punctured", "one_ne_zero", "real.log", "self_mem_nhds_within" ]
If `f` grows in the punctured neighborhood of `c : ℝ` at least as fast as `1 / (x - c)`, then it is not interval integrable on any nontrivial interval `a..b`, `c ∈ [a, b]`.
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
interval_integrable_sub_inv_iff {a b c : ℝ} : interval_integrable (λ x, (x - c)⁻¹) volume a b ↔ a = b ∨ c ∉ [a, b]
begin split, { refine λ h, or_iff_not_imp_left.2 (λ hne hc, _), exact not_interval_integrable_of_sub_inv_is_O_punctured (is_O_refl _ _) hne hc h }, { rintro (rfl|h₀), { exact interval_integrable.refl }, refine ((continuous_sub_right c).continuous_on.inv₀ _).interval_integrable, exact λ x hx, sub_n...
lemma
interval_integrable_sub_inv_iff
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/non_integrable.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.log.deriv", "measure_theory.integral.fund_thm_calculus" ]
[ "continuous_on.inv₀", "interval_integrable", "interval_integrable.refl", "ne_of_mem_of_not_mem", "not_interval_integrable_of_sub_inv_is_O_punctured" ]
The function `λ x, (x - c)⁻¹` is integrable on `a..b` if and only if `a = b` or `c ∉ [a, b]`.
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
interval_integrable_inv_iff {a b : ℝ} : interval_integrable (λ x, x⁻¹) volume a b ↔ a = b ∨ (0 : ℝ) ∉ [a, b]
by simp only [← interval_integrable_sub_inv_iff, sub_zero]
lemma
interval_integrable_inv_iff
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/non_integrable.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.log.deriv", "measure_theory.integral.fund_thm_calculus" ]
[ "interval_integrable", "interval_integrable_sub_inv_iff" ]
The function `λ x, x⁻¹` is integrable on `a..b` if and only if `a = b` or `0 ∉ [a, b]`.
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
polar_coord : local_homeomorph (ℝ × ℝ) (ℝ × ℝ)
{ to_fun := λ q, (real.sqrt (q.1^2 + q.2^2), complex.arg (complex.equiv_real_prod.symm q)), inv_fun := λ p, (p.1 * cos p.2, p.1 * sin p.2), source := {q | 0 < q.1} ∪ {q | q.2 ≠ 0}, target := Ioi (0 : ℝ) ×ˢ Ioo (-π) π, map_target' := begin rintros ⟨r, θ⟩ ⟨hr, hθ⟩, dsimp at hr hθ, rcases eq_or_ne θ ...
def
polar_coord
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polar_coord.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.deriv", "measure_theory.function.jacobian" ]
[ "complex.I", "complex.I_im", "complex.I_re", "complex.abs", "complex.abs_def", "complex.abs_mul_cos_add_sin_mul_I", "complex.add_im", "complex.add_re", "complex.arg", "complex.arg_lt_pi_iff", "complex.arg_mul_cos_add_sin_mul_I", "complex.continuous_at_arg", "complex.equiv_real_prod_symm_appl...
The polar coordinates local homeomorphism in `ℝ^2`, mapping `(r cos θ, r sin θ)` to `(r, θ)`. It is a homeomorphism between `ℝ^2 - (-∞, 0]` and `(0, +∞) × (-π, π)`.
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
has_fderiv_at_polar_coord_symm (p : ℝ × ℝ) : has_fderiv_at polar_coord.symm (matrix.to_lin (basis.fin_two_prod ℝ) (basis.fin_two_prod ℝ) (!![cos p.2, -p.1 * sin p.2; sin p.2, p.1 * cos p.2])).to_continuous_linear_map p
begin rw matrix.to_lin_fin_two_prod_to_continuous_linear_map, convert has_fderiv_at.prod (has_fderiv_at_fst.mul ((has_deriv_at_cos p.2).comp_has_fderiv_at p has_fderiv_at_snd)) (has_fderiv_at_fst.mul ((has_deriv_at_sin p.2).comp_has_fderiv_at p has_fderiv_at_snd)) using 2; simp only [smul_smul, add_comm, ...
lemma
has_fderiv_at_polar_coord_symm
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polar_coord.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.deriv", "measure_theory.function.jacobian" ]
[ "basis.fin_two_prod", "has_fderiv_at", "has_fderiv_at.prod", "has_fderiv_at_snd", "matrix.to_lin", "matrix.to_lin_fin_two_prod_to_continuous_linear_map", "neg_mul", "neg_smul", "smul_neg", "smul_smul" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
polar_coord_source_ae_eq_univ : polar_coord.source =ᵐ[volume] univ
begin have A : polar_coord.sourceᶜ ⊆ (linear_map.snd ℝ ℝ ℝ).ker, { assume x hx, simp only [polar_coord_source, compl_union, mem_inter_iff, mem_compl_iff, mem_set_of_eq, not_lt, not_not] at hx, exact hx.2 }, have B : volume ((linear_map.snd ℝ ℝ ℝ).ker : set (ℝ × ℝ)) = 0, { apply measure.add_haar_su...
lemma
polar_coord_source_ae_eq_univ
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polar_coord.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.deriv", "measure_theory.function.jacobian" ]
[ "bot_le", "linear_map.ker_eq_top", "linear_map.snd", "not_not" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
integral_comp_polar_coord_symm {E : Type*} [normed_add_comm_group E] [normed_space ℝ E] [complete_space E] (f : ℝ × ℝ → E) : ∫ p in polar_coord.target, p.1 • f (polar_coord.symm p) = ∫ p, f p
begin set B : (ℝ × ℝ) → ((ℝ × ℝ) →L[ℝ] (ℝ × ℝ)) := λ p, (matrix.to_lin (basis.fin_two_prod ℝ) (basis.fin_two_prod ℝ) !![cos p.2, -p.1 * sin p.2; sin p.2, p.1 * cos p.2]).to_continuous_linear_map with hB, have A : ∀ p ∈ polar_coord.symm.source, has_fderiv_at polar_coord.symm (B p) p := λ p hp, has_fder...
theorem
integral_comp_polar_coord_symm
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polar_coord.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.deriv", "measure_theory.function.jacobian" ]
[ "abs_of_pos", "basis.fin_two_prod", "complete_space", "has_fderiv_at", "has_fderiv_at_polar_coord_symm", "linear_map.det_to_continuous_linear_map", "linear_map.det_to_lin", "matrix.det_fin_two_of", "matrix.to_lin", "neg_mul", "normed_add_comm_group", "normed_space", "one_mul" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
eventually_no_roots (hP : P ≠ 0) : ∀ᶠ x in at_top, ¬ P.is_root x
at_top_le_cofinite $ (finite_set_of_is_root hP).compl_mem_cofinite
lemma
polynomial.eventually_no_roots
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
is_equivalent_at_top_lead : (λ x, eval x P) ~[at_top] (λ x, P.leading_coeff * x ^ P.nat_degree)
begin by_cases h : P = 0, { simp [h] }, { simp only [polynomial.eval_eq_sum_range, sum_range_succ], exact is_o.add_is_equivalent (is_o.sum $ λ i hi, is_o.const_mul_left (is_o.const_mul_right (λ hz, h $ leading_coeff_eq_zero.mp hz) $ is_o_pow_pow_at_top_of_lt (mem_range.mp hi)) _) is_equivalent.r...
lemma
polynomial.is_equivalent_at_top_lead
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[ "polynomial.eval_eq_sum_range" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
tendsto_at_top_of_leading_coeff_nonneg (hdeg : 0 < P.degree) (hnng : 0 ≤ P.leading_coeff) : tendsto (λ x, eval x P) at_top at_top
P.is_equivalent_at_top_lead.symm.tendsto_at_top $ tendsto_const_mul_pow_at_top (nat_degree_pos_iff_degree_pos.2 hdeg).ne' $ hnng.lt_of_ne' $ leading_coeff_ne_zero.mpr $ ne_zero_of_degree_gt hdeg
lemma
polynomial.tendsto_at_top_of_leading_coeff_nonneg
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
tendsto_at_top_iff_leading_coeff_nonneg : tendsto (λ x, eval x P) at_top at_top ↔ 0 < P.degree ∧ 0 ≤ P.leading_coeff
begin refine ⟨λ h, _, λ h, tendsto_at_top_of_leading_coeff_nonneg P h.1 h.2⟩, have : tendsto (λ x, P.leading_coeff * x ^ P.nat_degree) at_top at_top := (is_equivalent_at_top_lead P).tendsto_at_top h, rw [tendsto_const_mul_pow_at_top_iff, ← pos_iff_ne_zero, nat_degree_pos_iff_degree_pos] at this, exact ⟨this...
lemma
polynomial.tendsto_at_top_iff_leading_coeff_nonneg
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
tendsto_at_bot_iff_leading_coeff_nonpos : tendsto (λ x, eval x P) at_top at_bot ↔ 0 < P.degree ∧ P.leading_coeff ≤ 0
by simp only [← tendsto_neg_at_top_iff, ← eval_neg, tendsto_at_top_iff_leading_coeff_nonneg, degree_neg, leading_coeff_neg, neg_nonneg]
lemma
polynomial.tendsto_at_bot_iff_leading_coeff_nonpos
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
tendsto_at_bot_of_leading_coeff_nonpos (hdeg : 0 < P.degree) (hnps : P.leading_coeff ≤ 0) : tendsto (λ x, eval x P) at_top at_bot
P.tendsto_at_bot_iff_leading_coeff_nonpos.2 ⟨hdeg, hnps⟩
lemma
polynomial.tendsto_at_bot_of_leading_coeff_nonpos
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
abs_tendsto_at_top (hdeg : 0 < P.degree) : tendsto (λ x, abs $ eval x P) at_top at_top
begin cases le_total 0 P.leading_coeff with hP hP, { exact tendsto_abs_at_top_at_top.comp (P.tendsto_at_top_of_leading_coeff_nonneg hdeg hP) }, { exact tendsto_abs_at_bot_at_top.comp (P.tendsto_at_bot_of_leading_coeff_nonpos hdeg hP) } end
lemma
polynomial.abs_tendsto_at_top
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
abs_is_bounded_under_iff : is_bounded_under (≤) at_top (λ x, |eval x P|) ↔ P.degree ≤ 0
begin refine ⟨λ h, _, λ h, ⟨|P.coeff 0|, eventually_map.mpr (eventually_of_forall (forall_imp (λ _, le_of_eq) (λ x, congr_arg abs $ trans (congr_arg (eval x) (eq_C_of_degree_le_zero h)) (eval_C))))⟩⟩, contrapose! h, exact not_is_bounded_under_of_tendsto_at_top (abs_tendsto_at_top P h) end
lemma
polynomial.abs_is_bounded_under_iff
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[ "forall_imp" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
abs_tendsto_at_top_iff : tendsto (λ x, abs $ eval x P) at_top at_top ↔ 0 < P.degree
⟨λ h, not_le.mp (mt (abs_is_bounded_under_iff P).mpr (not_is_bounded_under_of_tendsto_at_top h)), abs_tendsto_at_top P⟩
lemma
polynomial.abs_tendsto_at_top_iff
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
tendsto_nhds_iff {c : 𝕜} : tendsto (λ x, eval x P) at_top (𝓝 c) ↔ P.leading_coeff = c ∧ P.degree ≤ 0
begin refine ⟨λ h, _, λ h, _⟩, { have := P.is_equivalent_at_top_lead.tendsto_nhds h, by_cases hP : P.leading_coeff = 0, { simp only [hP, zero_mul, tendsto_const_nhds_iff] at this, refine ⟨trans hP this, by simp [leading_coeff_eq_zero.1 hP]⟩ }, { rw [tendsto_const_mul_pow_nhds_iff hP, nat_degree_eq...
lemma
polynomial.tendsto_nhds_iff
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[ "mul_one", "pow_zero", "tendsto_const_mul_pow_nhds_iff", "tendsto_const_nhds", "tendsto_const_nhds_iff", "zero_mul" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
is_equivalent_at_top_div : (λ x, (eval x P)/(eval x Q)) ~[at_top] λ x, P.leading_coeff/Q.leading_coeff * x^(P.nat_degree - Q.nat_degree : ℤ)
begin by_cases hP : P = 0, { simp [hP] }, by_cases hQ : Q = 0, { simp [hQ] }, refine (P.is_equivalent_at_top_lead.symm.div Q.is_equivalent_at_top_lead.symm).symm.trans (eventually_eq.is_equivalent ((eventually_gt_at_top 0).mono $ λ x hx, _)), simp [← div_mul_div_comm, hP, hQ, zpow_sub₀ hx...
lemma
polynomial.is_equivalent_at_top_div
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[ "div_mul_div_comm", "zpow_sub₀" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
div_tendsto_zero_of_degree_lt (hdeg : P.degree < Q.degree) : tendsto (λ x, (eval x P)/(eval x Q)) at_top (𝓝 0)
begin by_cases hP : P = 0, { simp [hP, tendsto_const_nhds] }, rw ← nat_degree_lt_nat_degree_iff hP at hdeg, refine (is_equivalent_at_top_div P Q).symm.tendsto_nhds _, rw ← mul_zero, refine (tendsto_zpow_at_top_zero _).const_mul _, linarith end
lemma
polynomial.div_tendsto_zero_of_degree_lt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[ "mul_zero", "tendsto_const_nhds", "tendsto_zpow_at_top_zero" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
div_tendsto_zero_iff_degree_lt (hQ : Q ≠ 0) : tendsto (λ x, (eval x P)/(eval x Q)) at_top (𝓝 0) ↔ P.degree < Q.degree
begin refine ⟨λ h, _, div_tendsto_zero_of_degree_lt P Q⟩, by_cases hPQ : P.leading_coeff / Q.leading_coeff = 0, { simp only [div_eq_mul_inv, inv_eq_zero, mul_eq_zero] at hPQ, cases hPQ with hP0 hQ0, { rw [leading_coeff_eq_zero.1 hP0, degree_zero], exact bot_lt_iff_ne_bot.2 (λ hQ', hQ (degree_eq_bot....
lemma
polynomial.div_tendsto_zero_iff_degree_lt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[ "div_eq_mul_inv", "int.coe_nat_lt", "inv_eq_zero", "mul_eq_zero", "tendsto_const_mul_zpow_at_top_nhds_iff", "tendsto_nhds" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
div_tendsto_leading_coeff_div_of_degree_eq (hdeg : P.degree = Q.degree) : tendsto (λ x, (eval x P)/(eval x Q)) at_top (𝓝 $ P.leading_coeff / Q.leading_coeff)
begin refine (is_equivalent_at_top_div P Q).symm.tendsto_nhds _, rw show (P.nat_degree : ℤ) = Q.nat_degree, by simp [hdeg, nat_degree], simp [tendsto_const_nhds] end
lemma
polynomial.div_tendsto_leading_coeff_div_of_degree_eq
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[ "tendsto_const_nhds" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
div_tendsto_at_top_of_degree_gt' (hdeg : Q.degree < P.degree) (hpos : 0 < P.leading_coeff/Q.leading_coeff) : tendsto (λ x, (eval x P)/(eval x Q)) at_top at_top
begin have hQ : Q ≠ 0 := λ h, by {simp only [h, div_zero, leading_coeff_zero] at hpos, linarith}, rw ← nat_degree_lt_nat_degree_iff hQ at hdeg, refine (is_equivalent_at_top_div P Q).symm.tendsto_at_top _, apply tendsto.const_mul_at_top hpos, apply tendsto_zpow_at_top_at_top, linarith end
lemma
polynomial.div_tendsto_at_top_of_degree_gt'
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[ "div_zero", "tendsto_zpow_at_top_at_top" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
div_tendsto_at_top_of_degree_gt (hdeg : Q.degree < P.degree) (hQ : Q ≠ 0) (hnng : 0 ≤ P.leading_coeff/Q.leading_coeff) : tendsto (λ x, (eval x P)/(eval x Q)) at_top at_top
have ratio_pos : 0 < P.leading_coeff/Q.leading_coeff, from lt_of_le_of_ne hnng (div_ne_zero (λ h, ne_zero_of_degree_gt hdeg $ leading_coeff_eq_zero.mp h) (λ h, hQ $ leading_coeff_eq_zero.mp h)).symm, div_tendsto_at_top_of_degree_gt' P Q hdeg ratio_pos
lemma
polynomial.div_tendsto_at_top_of_degree_gt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[ "div_ne_zero" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
div_tendsto_at_bot_of_degree_gt' (hdeg : Q.degree < P.degree) (hneg : P.leading_coeff/Q.leading_coeff < 0) : tendsto (λ x, (eval x P)/(eval x Q)) at_top at_bot
begin have hQ : Q ≠ 0 := λ h, by {simp only [h, div_zero, leading_coeff_zero] at hneg, linarith}, rw ← nat_degree_lt_nat_degree_iff hQ at hdeg, refine (is_equivalent_at_top_div P Q).symm.tendsto_at_bot _, apply tendsto.neg_const_mul_at_top hneg, apply tendsto_zpow_at_top_at_top, linarith end
lemma
polynomial.div_tendsto_at_bot_of_degree_gt'
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[ "div_zero", "tendsto_zpow_at_top_at_top" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
div_tendsto_at_bot_of_degree_gt (hdeg : Q.degree < P.degree) (hQ : Q ≠ 0) (hnps : P.leading_coeff/Q.leading_coeff ≤ 0) : tendsto (λ x, (eval x P)/(eval x Q)) at_top at_bot
have ratio_neg : P.leading_coeff/Q.leading_coeff < 0, from lt_of_le_of_ne hnps (div_ne_zero (λ h, ne_zero_of_degree_gt hdeg $ leading_coeff_eq_zero.mp h) (λ h, hQ $ leading_coeff_eq_zero.mp h)), div_tendsto_at_bot_of_degree_gt' P Q hdeg ratio_neg
lemma
polynomial.div_tendsto_at_bot_of_degree_gt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[ "div_ne_zero" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
abs_div_tendsto_at_top_of_degree_gt (hdeg : Q.degree < P.degree) (hQ : Q ≠ 0) : tendsto (λ x, |(eval x P)/(eval x Q)|) at_top at_top
begin by_cases h : 0 ≤ P.leading_coeff/Q.leading_coeff, { exact tendsto_abs_at_top_at_top.comp (P.div_tendsto_at_top_of_degree_gt Q hdeg hQ h) }, { push_neg at h, exact tendsto_abs_at_bot_at_top.comp (P.div_tendsto_at_bot_of_degree_gt Q hdeg hQ h.le) } end
lemma
polynomial.abs_div_tendsto_at_top_of_degree_gt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
is_O_of_degree_le (h : P.degree ≤ Q.degree) : (λ x, eval x P) =O[at_top] (λ x, eval x Q)
begin by_cases hp : P = 0, { simpa [hp] using is_O_zero (λ x, eval x Q) at_top }, { have hq : Q ≠ 0 := ne_zero_of_degree_ge_degree h hp, have hPQ : ∀ᶠ (x : 𝕜) in at_top, eval x Q = 0 → eval x P = 0 := filter.mem_of_superset (polynomial.eventually_no_roots Q hq) (λ x h h', absurd h' h), cases le_iff...
theorem
polynomial.is_O_of_degree_le
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/polynomials.lean
[ "analysis.asymptotics.asymptotic_equivalent", "analysis.asymptotics.specific_asymptotics", "data.polynomial.ring_division" ]
[ "filter.mem_of_superset", "polynomial.eventually_no_roots" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
sq_local_homeomorph : local_homeomorph ℝ ℝ
{ to_fun := λ x, x ^ 2, inv_fun := sqrt, source := Ioi 0, target := Ioi 0, map_source' := λ x hx, mem_Ioi.2 (pow_pos hx _), map_target' := λ x hx, mem_Ioi.2 (sqrt_pos.2 hx), left_inv' := λ x hx, sqrt_sq (le_of_lt hx), right_inv' := λ x hx, sq_sqrt (le_of_lt hx), open_source := is_open_Ioi, open_target...
def
real.sq_local_homeomorph
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "continuous_on", "continuous_pow", "inv_fun", "is_open_Ioi", "local_homeomorph", "pow_pos" ]
Local homeomorph between `(0, +∞)` and `(0, +∞)` with `to_fun = λ x, x ^ 2` and `inv_fun = sqrt`.
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
deriv_sqrt_aux {x : ℝ} (hx : x ≠ 0) : has_strict_deriv_at sqrt (1 / (2 * sqrt x)) x ∧ ∀ n, cont_diff_at ℝ n sqrt x
begin cases hx.lt_or_lt with hx hx, { rw [sqrt_eq_zero_of_nonpos hx.le, mul_zero, div_zero], have : sqrt =ᶠ[𝓝 x] (λ _, 0) := (gt_mem_nhds hx).mono (λ x hx, sqrt_eq_zero_of_nonpos hx.le), exact ⟨(has_strict_deriv_at_const x (0 : ℝ)).congr_of_eventually_eq this.symm, λ n, cont_diff_at_const.congr_of_ev...
lemma
real.deriv_sqrt_aux
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "cont_diff_at", "div_zero", "gt_mem_nhds", "has_deriv_at_pow", "has_strict_deriv_at", "has_strict_deriv_at_const", "has_strict_deriv_at_pow", "mul_zero", "two_ne_zero" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
has_strict_deriv_at_sqrt {x : ℝ} (hx : x ≠ 0) : has_strict_deriv_at sqrt (1 / (2 * sqrt x)) x
(deriv_sqrt_aux hx).1
lemma
real.has_strict_deriv_at_sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "has_strict_deriv_at" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
cont_diff_at_sqrt {x : ℝ} {n : ℕ∞} (hx : x ≠ 0) : cont_diff_at ℝ n sqrt x
(deriv_sqrt_aux hx).2 n
lemma
real.cont_diff_at_sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "cont_diff_at" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
has_deriv_at_sqrt {x : ℝ} (hx : x ≠ 0) : has_deriv_at sqrt (1 / (2 * sqrt x)) x
(has_strict_deriv_at_sqrt hx).has_deriv_at
lemma
real.has_deriv_at_sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "has_deriv_at" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
has_deriv_within_at.sqrt (hf : has_deriv_within_at f f' s x) (hx : f x ≠ 0) : has_deriv_within_at (λ y, sqrt (f y)) (f' / (2 * sqrt (f x))) s x
by simpa only [(∘), div_eq_inv_mul, mul_one] using (has_deriv_at_sqrt hx).comp_has_deriv_within_at x hf
lemma
has_deriv_within_at.sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "div_eq_inv_mul", "has_deriv_within_at", "mul_one" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
has_deriv_at.sqrt (hf : has_deriv_at f f' x) (hx : f x ≠ 0) : has_deriv_at (λ y, sqrt (f y)) (f' / (2 * sqrt(f x))) x
by simpa only [(∘), div_eq_inv_mul, mul_one] using (has_deriv_at_sqrt hx).comp x hf
lemma
has_deriv_at.sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "div_eq_inv_mul", "has_deriv_at", "mul_one" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
has_strict_deriv_at.sqrt (hf : has_strict_deriv_at f f' x) (hx : f x ≠ 0) : has_strict_deriv_at (λ t, sqrt (f t)) (f' / (2 * sqrt (f x))) x
by simpa only [(∘), div_eq_inv_mul, mul_one] using (has_strict_deriv_at_sqrt hx).comp x hf
lemma
has_strict_deriv_at.sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "div_eq_inv_mul", "has_strict_deriv_at", "mul_one" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
deriv_within_sqrt (hf : differentiable_within_at ℝ f s x) (hx : f x ≠ 0) (hxs : unique_diff_within_at ℝ s x) : deriv_within (λx, sqrt (f x)) s x = (deriv_within f s x) / (2 * sqrt (f x))
(hf.has_deriv_within_at.sqrt hx).deriv_within hxs
lemma
deriv_within_sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "deriv_within", "differentiable_within_at", "unique_diff_within_at" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
deriv_sqrt (hf : differentiable_at ℝ f x) (hx : f x ≠ 0) : deriv (λx, sqrt (f x)) x = (deriv f x) / (2 * sqrt (f x))
(hf.has_deriv_at.sqrt hx).deriv
lemma
deriv_sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "deriv", "differentiable_at" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
has_fderiv_at.sqrt (hf : has_fderiv_at f f' x) (hx : f x ≠ 0) : has_fderiv_at (λ y, sqrt (f y)) ((1 / (2 * sqrt (f x))) • f') x
(has_deriv_at_sqrt hx).comp_has_fderiv_at x hf
lemma
has_fderiv_at.sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "has_fderiv_at" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
has_strict_fderiv_at.sqrt (hf : has_strict_fderiv_at f f' x) (hx : f x ≠ 0) : has_strict_fderiv_at (λ y, sqrt (f y)) ((1 / (2 * sqrt (f x))) • f') x
(has_strict_deriv_at_sqrt hx).comp_has_strict_fderiv_at x hf
lemma
has_strict_fderiv_at.sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "has_strict_fderiv_at" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
has_fderiv_within_at.sqrt (hf : has_fderiv_within_at f f' s x) (hx : f x ≠ 0) : has_fderiv_within_at (λ y, sqrt (f y)) ((1 / (2 * sqrt (f x))) • f') s x
(has_deriv_at_sqrt hx).comp_has_fderiv_within_at x hf
lemma
has_fderiv_within_at.sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "has_fderiv_within_at" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
differentiable_within_at.sqrt (hf : differentiable_within_at ℝ f s x) (hx : f x ≠ 0) : differentiable_within_at ℝ (λ y, sqrt (f y)) s x
(hf.has_fderiv_within_at.sqrt hx).differentiable_within_at
lemma
differentiable_within_at.sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "differentiable_within_at" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
differentiable_at.sqrt (hf : differentiable_at ℝ f x) (hx : f x ≠ 0) : differentiable_at ℝ (λ y, sqrt (f y)) x
(hf.has_fderiv_at.sqrt hx).differentiable_at
lemma
differentiable_at.sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "differentiable_at" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
differentiable_on.sqrt (hf : differentiable_on ℝ f s) (hs : ∀ x ∈ s, f x ≠ 0) : differentiable_on ℝ (λ y, sqrt (f y)) s
λ x hx, (hf x hx).sqrt (hs x hx)
lemma
differentiable_on.sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "differentiable_on" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
differentiable.sqrt (hf : differentiable ℝ f) (hs : ∀ x, f x ≠ 0) : differentiable ℝ (λ y, sqrt (f y))
λ x, (hf x).sqrt (hs x)
lemma
differentiable.sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "differentiable" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
fderiv_within_sqrt (hf : differentiable_within_at ℝ f s x) (hx : f x ≠ 0) (hxs : unique_diff_within_at ℝ s x) : fderiv_within ℝ (λx, sqrt (f x)) s x = (1 / (2 * sqrt (f x))) • fderiv_within ℝ f s x
(hf.has_fderiv_within_at.sqrt hx).fderiv_within hxs
lemma
fderiv_within_sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "differentiable_within_at", "fderiv_within", "unique_diff_within_at" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
fderiv_sqrt (hf : differentiable_at ℝ f x) (hx : f x ≠ 0) : fderiv ℝ (λx, sqrt (f x)) x = (1 / (2 * sqrt (f x))) • fderiv ℝ f x
(hf.has_fderiv_at.sqrt hx).fderiv
lemma
fderiv_sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "differentiable_at", "fderiv" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
cont_diff_at.sqrt (hf : cont_diff_at ℝ n f x) (hx : f x ≠ 0) : cont_diff_at ℝ n (λ y, sqrt (f y)) x
(cont_diff_at_sqrt hx).comp x hf
lemma
cont_diff_at.sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "cont_diff_at" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
cont_diff_within_at.sqrt (hf : cont_diff_within_at ℝ n f s x) (hx : f x ≠ 0) : cont_diff_within_at ℝ n (λ y, sqrt (f y)) s x
(cont_diff_at_sqrt hx).comp_cont_diff_within_at x hf
lemma
cont_diff_within_at.sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "cont_diff_within_at" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
cont_diff_on.sqrt (hf : cont_diff_on ℝ n f s) (hs : ∀ x ∈ s, f x ≠ 0) : cont_diff_on ℝ n (λ y, sqrt (f y)) s
λ x hx, (hf x hx).sqrt (hs x hx)
lemma
cont_diff_on.sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "cont_diff_on" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
cont_diff.sqrt (hf : cont_diff ℝ n f) (h : ∀ x, f x ≠ 0) : cont_diff ℝ n (λ y, sqrt (f y))
cont_diff_iff_cont_diff_at.2 $ λ x, (hf.cont_diff_at.sqrt (h x))
lemma
cont_diff.sqrt
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/sqrt.lean
[ "analysis.calculus.cont_diff" ]
[ "cont_diff" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
stirling_seq (n : ℕ) : ℝ
n! / (sqrt (2 * n) * (n / exp 1) ^ n)
def
stirling.stirling_seq
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[ "exp" ]
Define `stirling_seq n` as $\frac{n!}{\sqrt{2n}(\frac{n}{e})^n}$. Stirling's formula states that this sequence has limit $\sqrt(π)$.
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
stirling_seq_zero : stirling_seq 0 = 0
by rw [stirling_seq, cast_zero, mul_zero, real.sqrt_zero, zero_mul, div_zero]
lemma
stirling.stirling_seq_zero
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[ "div_zero", "mul_zero", "real.sqrt_zero", "zero_mul" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
stirling_seq_one : stirling_seq 1 = exp 1 / sqrt 2
by rw [stirling_seq, pow_one, factorial_one, cast_one, mul_one, mul_one_div, one_div_div]
lemma
stirling.stirling_seq_one
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[ "exp", "mul_one", "mul_one_div", "one_div_div", "pow_one" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
log_stirling_seq_formula (n : ℕ) : log (stirling_seq n.succ) = log n.succ!- 1 / 2 * log (2 * n.succ) - n.succ * log (n.succ / exp 1)
by rw [stirling_seq, log_div, log_mul, sqrt_eq_rpow, log_rpow, real.log_pow, tsub_tsub]; try { apply ne_of_gt }; positivity
lemma
stirling.log_stirling_seq_formula
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[ "exp", "real.log_pow", "tsub_tsub" ]
We have the expression `log (stirling_seq (n + 1)) = log(n + 1)! - 1 / 2 * log(2 * n) - n * log ((n + 1) / e)`.
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
log_stirling_seq_diff_has_sum (m : ℕ) : has_sum (λ k : ℕ, (1 : ℝ) / (2 * k.succ + 1) * ((1 / (2 * m.succ + 1)) ^ 2) ^ k.succ) (log (stirling_seq m.succ) - log (stirling_seq m.succ.succ))
begin change has_sum ((λ b : ℕ, 1 / (2 * (b : ℝ) + 1) * ((1 / (2 * m.succ + 1)) ^ 2) ^ b) ∘ succ) _, refine (has_sum_nat_add_iff 1).mpr _, convert (has_sum_log_one_add_inv $ cast_pos.mpr (succ_pos m)).mul_left ((m.succ : ℝ) + 1 / 2), { ext k, rw [← pow_mul, pow_add], push_cast, have : 2 * (k : ℝ) + ...
lemma
stirling.log_stirling_seq_diff_has_sum
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[ "div_self", "has_sum", "has_sum_nat_add_iff", "inv_eq_one_div", "mul_ne_zero", "pow_add", "pow_mul", "ring" ]
The sequence `log (stirling_seq (m + 1)) - log (stirling_seq (m + 2))` has the series expansion `∑ 1 / (2 * (k + 1) + 1) * (1 / 2 * (m + 1) + 1)^(2 * (k + 1))`
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
log_stirling_seq'_antitone : antitone (real.log ∘ stirling_seq ∘ succ)
antitone_nat_of_succ_le $ λ n, sub_nonneg.mp $ (log_stirling_seq_diff_has_sum n).nonneg $ λ m, by positivity
lemma
stirling.log_stirling_seq'_antitone
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[ "antitone", "antitone_nat_of_succ_le", "real.log" ]
The sequence `log ∘ stirling_seq ∘ succ` is monotone decreasing
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
log_stirling_seq_diff_le_geo_sum (n : ℕ) : log (stirling_seq n.succ) - log (stirling_seq n.succ.succ) ≤ (1 / (2 * n.succ + 1)) ^ 2 / (1 - (1 / (2 * n.succ + 1)) ^ 2)
begin have h_nonneg : 0 ≤ ((1 / (2 * (n.succ : ℝ) + 1)) ^ 2) := sq_nonneg _, have g : has_sum (λ k : ℕ, ((1 / (2 * (n.succ : ℝ) + 1)) ^ 2) ^ k.succ) ((1 / (2 * n.succ + 1)) ^ 2 / (1 - (1 / (2 * n.succ + 1)) ^ 2)), { have := (has_sum_geometric_of_lt_1 h_nonneg _).mul_left ((1 / (2 * (n.succ : ℝ) + 1)) ^ 2), ...
lemma
stirling.log_stirling_seq_diff_le_geo_sum
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[ "has_sum", "has_sum_geometric_of_lt_1", "has_sum_le", "inv_le_one", "inv_lt_one", "inv_pow", "mul_le_of_le_one_left", "one_div", "one_lt_pow", "pow_nonneg", "sq_nonneg", "two_ne_zero" ]
We have a bound for successive elements in the sequence `log (stirling_seq k)`.
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
log_stirling_seq_sub_log_stirling_seq_succ (n : ℕ) : log (stirling_seq n.succ) - log (stirling_seq n.succ.succ) ≤ 1 / (4 * n.succ ^ 2)
begin have h₁ : 0 < 4 * ((n : ℝ) + 1) ^ 2 := by positivity, have h₃ : 0 < (2 * ((n : ℝ) + 1) + 1) ^ 2 := by positivity, have h₂ : 0 < 1 - (1 / (2 * ((n : ℝ) + 1) + 1)) ^ 2, { rw ← mul_lt_mul_right h₃, have H : 0 < (2 * ((n : ℝ) + 1) + 1) ^ 2 - 1 := by nlinarith [@cast_nonneg ℝ _ n], convert H using 1; f...
lemma
stirling.log_stirling_seq_sub_log_stirling_seq_succ
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[ "div_le_div_iff", "div_le_div_right", "mul_lt_mul_right" ]
We have the bound `log (stirling_seq n) - log (stirling_seq (n+1))` ≤ 1/(4 n^2)
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
log_stirling_seq_bounded_aux : ∃ (c : ℝ), ∀ (n : ℕ), log (stirling_seq 1) - log (stirling_seq n.succ) ≤ c
begin let d := ∑' k : ℕ, (1 : ℝ) / k.succ ^ 2, use (1 / 4 * d : ℝ), let log_stirling_seq' : ℕ → ℝ := λ k, log (stirling_seq k.succ), intro n, have h₁ : ∀ k, log_stirling_seq' k - log_stirling_seq' (k + 1) ≤ 1 / 4 * (1 / k.succ ^ 2) := by { intro k, convert log_stirling_seq_sub_log_stirling_seq_succ k using ...
lemma
stirling.log_stirling_seq_bounded_aux
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[ "mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_left", "one_lt_two", "sum_le_tsum", "summable_nat_add_iff" ]
For any `n`, we have `log_stirling_seq 1 - log_stirling_seq n ≤ 1/4 * ∑' 1/k^2`
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
log_stirling_seq_bounded_by_constant : ∃ c, ∀ (n : ℕ), c ≤ log (stirling_seq n.succ)
begin obtain ⟨d, h⟩ := log_stirling_seq_bounded_aux, exact ⟨log (stirling_seq 1) - d, λ n, sub_le_comm.mp (h n)⟩, end
lemma
stirling.log_stirling_seq_bounded_by_constant
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[]
The sequence `log_stirling_seq` is bounded below for `n ≥ 1`.
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
stirling_seq'_pos (n : ℕ) : 0 < stirling_seq n.succ
by { unfold stirling_seq, positivity }
lemma
stirling.stirling_seq'_pos
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[]
The sequence `stirling_seq` is positive for `n > 0`
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
stirling_seq'_bounded_by_pos_constant : ∃ a, 0 < a ∧ ∀ n : ℕ, a ≤ stirling_seq n.succ
begin cases log_stirling_seq_bounded_by_constant with c h, refine ⟨exp c, exp_pos _, λ n, _⟩, rw ← le_log_iff_exp_le (stirling_seq'_pos n), exact h n, end
lemma
stirling.stirling_seq'_bounded_by_pos_constant
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[]
The sequence `stirling_seq` has a positive lower bound.
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
stirling_seq'_antitone : antitone (stirling_seq ∘ succ)
λ n m h, (log_le_log (stirling_seq'_pos m) (stirling_seq'_pos n)).mp (log_stirling_seq'_antitone h)
lemma
stirling.stirling_seq'_antitone
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[ "antitone" ]
The sequence `stirling_seq ∘ succ` is monotone decreasing
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
stirling_seq_has_pos_limit_a : ∃ (a : ℝ), 0 < a ∧ tendsto stirling_seq at_top (𝓝 a)
begin obtain ⟨x, x_pos, hx⟩ := stirling_seq'_bounded_by_pos_constant, have hx' : x ∈ lower_bounds (set.range (stirling_seq ∘ succ)) := by simpa [lower_bounds] using hx, refine ⟨_, lt_of_lt_of_le x_pos (le_cInf (set.range_nonempty _) hx'), _⟩, rw ←filter.tendsto_add_at_top_iff_nat 1, exact tendsto_at_top_cinfi...
lemma
stirling.stirling_seq_has_pos_limit_a
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[ "le_cInf", "lower_bounds", "set.range", "set.range_nonempty", "tendsto_at_top_cinfi" ]
The limit `a` of the sequence `stirling_seq` satisfies `0 < a`
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
tendsto_self_div_two_mul_self_add_one : tendsto (λ (n : ℕ), (n : ℝ) / (2 * n + 1)) at_top (𝓝 (1 / 2))
begin conv { congr, skip, skip, rw [one_div, ←add_zero (2 : ℝ)] }, refine (((tendsto_const_div_at_top_nhds_0_nat 1).const_add (2 : ℝ)).inv₀ ((add_zero (2 : ℝ)).symm ▸ two_ne_zero)).congr' (eventually_at_top.mpr ⟨1, λ n hn, _⟩), rw [add_div' (1 : ℝ) 2 n (cast_ne_zero.mpr (one_le_iff_ne_zero.mp hn)), inv_div], ...
lemma
stirling.tendsto_self_div_two_mul_self_add_one
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[ "add_div'", "inv_div", "one_div", "tendsto_const_div_at_top_nhds_0_nat", "two_ne_zero" ]
The sequence `n / (2 * n + 1)` tends to `1/2`
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
stirling_seq_pow_four_div_stirling_seq_pow_two_eq (n : ℕ) (hn : n ≠ 0) : ((stirling_seq n) ^ 4 / (stirling_seq (2 * n)) ^ 2) * (n / (2 * n + 1)) = wallis.W n
begin rw [bit0_eq_two_mul, stirling_seq, pow_mul, stirling_seq, wallis.W_eq_factorial_ratio], simp_rw [div_pow, mul_pow], rw [sq_sqrt, sq_sqrt], any_goals { positivity }, have : (n : ℝ) ≠ 0, from cast_ne_zero.mpr hn, have : (exp 1) ≠ 0, from exp_ne_zero 1, have : ((2 * n)!: ℝ) ≠ 0, from cast_ne_zero.mpr (...
lemma
stirling.stirling_seq_pow_four_div_stirling_seq_pow_two_eq
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[ "bit0_eq_two_mul", "div_pow", "exp", "mul_comm", "mul_pow", "pow_mul", "ring" ]
For any `n ≠ 0`, we have the identity `(stirling_seq n)^4 / (stirling_seq (2*n))^2 * (n / (2 * n + 1)) = W n`, where `W n` is the `n`-th partial product of Wallis' formula for `π / 2`.
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
second_wallis_limit (a : ℝ) (hane : a ≠ 0) (ha : tendsto stirling_seq at_top (𝓝 a)) : tendsto wallis.W at_top (𝓝 (a ^ 2 / 2))
begin refine tendsto.congr' (eventually_at_top.mpr ⟨1, λ n hn, stirling_seq_pow_four_div_stirling_seq_pow_two_eq n (one_le_iff_ne_zero.mp hn)⟩) _, have h : a ^ 2 / 2 = (a ^ 4 / a ^ 2) * (1 / 2), { rw [mul_one_div, ←mul_one_div (a ^ 4) (a ^ 2), one_div, ←pow_sub_of_lt a], norm_num }, rw h, exact ((ha.p...
lemma
stirling.second_wallis_limit
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[ "mul_one_div", "one_div", "pow_ne_zero" ]
Suppose the sequence `stirling_seq` (defined above) has the limit `a ≠ 0`. Then the Wallis sequence `W n` has limit `a^2 / 2`.
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
tendsto_stirling_seq_sqrt_pi : tendsto (λ (n : ℕ), stirling_seq n) at_top (𝓝 (sqrt π))
begin obtain ⟨a, hapos, halimit⟩ := stirling_seq_has_pos_limit_a, have hπ : π / 2 = a ^ 2 / 2 := tendsto_nhds_unique wallis.tendsto_W_nhds_pi_div_two (second_wallis_limit a hapos.ne' halimit), rwa [(div_left_inj' (two_ne_zero' ℝ)).mp hπ, sqrt_sq hapos.le], end
theorem
stirling.tendsto_stirling_seq_sqrt_pi
analysis.special_functions
src/analysis/special_functions/stirling.lean
[ "analysis.p_series", "data.real.pi.wallis" ]
[ "div_left_inj'", "tendsto_nhds_unique", "two_ne_zero'" ]
**Stirling's Formula**
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg (x : ℂ) : ℝ
if 0 ≤ x.re then real.arcsin (x.im / x.abs) else if 0 ≤ x.im then real.arcsin ((-x).im / x.abs) + π else real.arcsin ((-x).im / x.abs) - π
def
complex.arg
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "real.arcsin" ]
`arg` returns values in the range (-π, π], such that for `x ≠ 0`, `sin (arg x) = x.im / x.abs` and `cos (arg x) = x.re / x.abs`, `arg 0` defaults to `0`
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
sin_arg (x : ℂ) : real.sin (arg x) = x.im / x.abs
by unfold arg; split_ifs; simp [sub_eq_add_neg, arg, real.sin_arcsin (abs_le.1 (abs_im_div_abs_le_one x)).1 (abs_le.1 (abs_im_div_abs_le_one x)).2, real.sin_add, neg_div, real.arcsin_neg, real.sin_neg]
lemma
complex.sin_arg
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "neg_div", "real.arcsin_neg", "real.sin", "real.sin_add", "real.sin_arcsin", "real.sin_neg" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
cos_arg {x : ℂ} (hx : x ≠ 0) : real.cos (arg x) = x.re / x.abs
begin have habs : 0 < abs x := abs.pos hx, have him : |im x / abs x| ≤ 1, { rw [_root_.abs_div, abs_abs], exact div_le_one_of_le x.abs_im_le_abs (abs.nonneg x) }, rw abs_le at him, rw arg, split_ifs with h₁ h₂ h₂, { rw [real.cos_arcsin], field_simp [real.sqrt_sq, habs.le, *] }, { rw [real.cos_add_pi, ...
lemma
complex.cos_arg
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "abs_abs", "abs_le", "div_le_one_of_le", "real.cos", "real.cos_add_pi", "real.cos_arcsin", "real.cos_sub_pi", "real.sqrt_div", "real.sqrt_sq", "real.sqrt_sq_eq_abs", "sq_nonneg" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
abs_mul_exp_arg_mul_I (x : ℂ) : ↑(abs x) * exp (arg x * I) = x
begin rcases eq_or_ne x 0 with (rfl|hx), { simp }, { have : abs x ≠ 0 := abs.ne_zero hx, ext; field_simp [sin_arg, cos_arg hx, this, mul_comm (abs x)] } end
lemma
complex.abs_mul_exp_arg_mul_I
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "eq_or_ne", "exp", "mul_comm" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
abs_mul_cos_add_sin_mul_I (x : ℂ) : (abs x * (cos (arg x) + sin (arg x) * I) : ℂ) = x
by rw [← exp_mul_I, abs_mul_exp_arg_mul_I]
lemma
complex.abs_mul_cos_add_sin_mul_I
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
abs_eq_one_iff (z : ℂ) : abs z = 1 ↔ ∃ θ : ℝ, exp (θ * I) = z
begin refine ⟨λ hz, ⟨arg z, _⟩, _⟩, { calc exp (arg z * I) = abs z * exp (arg z * I) : by rw [hz, of_real_one, one_mul] ... = z : abs_mul_exp_arg_mul_I z }, { rintro ⟨θ, rfl⟩, exact complex.abs_exp_of_real_mul_I θ }, end
lemma
complex.abs_eq_one_iff
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "complex.abs_exp_of_real_mul_I", "exp", "one_mul" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
range_exp_mul_I : range (λ x : ℝ, exp (x * I)) = metric.sphere 0 1
by { ext x, simp only [mem_sphere_zero_iff_norm, norm_eq_abs, abs_eq_one_iff, mem_range] }
lemma
complex.range_exp_mul_I
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "exp", "metric.sphere" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_mul_cos_add_sin_mul_I {r : ℝ} (hr : 0 < r) {θ : ℝ} (hθ : θ ∈ Ioc (-π) π) : arg (r * (cos θ + sin θ * I)) = θ
begin simp only [arg, map_mul, abs_cos_add_sin_mul_I, abs_of_nonneg hr.le, mul_one], simp only [of_real_mul_re, of_real_mul_im, neg_im, ← of_real_cos, ← of_real_sin, ← mk_eq_add_mul_I, neg_div, mul_div_cancel_left _ hr.ne', mul_nonneg_iff_right_nonneg_of_pos hr], by_cases h₁ : θ ∈ Icc (-(π / 2)) (π / 2), ...
lemma
complex.arg_mul_cos_add_sin_mul_I
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "abs_of_nonneg", "map_mul", "mul_div_cancel_left", "mul_nonneg_iff_right_nonneg_of_pos", "mul_one", "neg_div", "not_and_distrib", "real.arcsin_sin", "real.arcsin_sin'", "real.cos", "real.cos_add_pi", "real.cos_neg_of_pi_div_two_lt_of_lt", "real.cos_nonneg_of_mem_Icc", "real.cos_pos_of_mem_...
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_cos_add_sin_mul_I {θ : ℝ} (hθ : θ ∈ Ioc (-π) π) : arg (cos θ + sin θ * I) = θ
by rw [← one_mul (_ + _), ← of_real_one, arg_mul_cos_add_sin_mul_I zero_lt_one hθ]
lemma
complex.arg_cos_add_sin_mul_I
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "one_mul", "zero_lt_one" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_zero : arg 0 = 0
by simp [arg, le_refl]
lemma
complex.arg_zero
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
ext_abs_arg {x y : ℂ} (h₁ : x.abs = y.abs) (h₂ : x.arg = y.arg) : x = y
by rw [← abs_mul_exp_arg_mul_I x, ← abs_mul_exp_arg_mul_I y, h₁, h₂]
lemma
complex.ext_abs_arg
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
ext_abs_arg_iff {x y : ℂ} : x = y ↔ abs x = abs y ∧ arg x = arg y
⟨λ h, h ▸ ⟨rfl, rfl⟩, and_imp.2 ext_abs_arg⟩
lemma
complex.ext_abs_arg_iff
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_mem_Ioc (z : ℂ) : arg z ∈ Ioc (-π) π
begin have hπ : 0 < π := real.pi_pos, rcases eq_or_ne z 0 with (rfl|hz), simp [hπ, hπ.le], rcases exists_unique_add_zsmul_mem_Ioc real.two_pi_pos (arg z) (-π) with ⟨N, hN, -⟩, rw [two_mul, neg_add_cancel_left, ← two_mul, zsmul_eq_mul] at hN, rw [← abs_mul_cos_add_sin_mul_I z, ← cos_add_int_mul_two_pi _ N, ...
lemma
complex.arg_mem_Ioc
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "eq_or_ne", "exists_unique_add_zsmul_mem_Ioc", "real.pi_pos", "real.two_pi_pos", "two_mul", "zsmul_eq_mul" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
range_arg : range arg = Ioc (-π) π
(range_subset_iff.2 arg_mem_Ioc).antisymm (λ x hx, ⟨_, arg_cos_add_sin_mul_I hx⟩)
lemma
complex.range_arg
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_le_pi (x : ℂ) : arg x ≤ π
(arg_mem_Ioc x).2
lemma
complex.arg_le_pi
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
neg_pi_lt_arg (x : ℂ) : -π < arg x
(arg_mem_Ioc x).1
lemma
complex.neg_pi_lt_arg
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
abs_arg_le_pi (z : ℂ) : |arg z| ≤ π
abs_le.2 ⟨(neg_pi_lt_arg z).le, arg_le_pi z⟩
lemma
complex.abs_arg_le_pi
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_nonneg_iff {z : ℂ} : 0 ≤ arg z ↔ 0 ≤ z.im
begin rcases eq_or_ne z 0 with (rfl|h₀), { simp }, calc 0 ≤ arg z ↔ 0 ≤ real.sin (arg z) : ⟨λ h, real.sin_nonneg_of_mem_Icc ⟨h, arg_le_pi z⟩, by { contrapose!, intro h, exact real.sin_neg_of_neg_of_neg_pi_lt h (neg_pi_lt_arg _) }⟩ ... ↔ _ : by rw [sin_arg, le_div_iff (abs.pos h₀), zero_mul] end
lemma
complex.arg_nonneg_iff
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "eq_or_ne", "le_div_iff", "real.sin", "real.sin_neg_of_neg_of_neg_pi_lt", "real.sin_nonneg_of_mem_Icc", "zero_mul" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_neg_iff {z : ℂ} : arg z < 0 ↔ z.im < 0
lt_iff_lt_of_le_iff_le arg_nonneg_iff
lemma
complex.arg_neg_iff
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "lt_iff_lt_of_le_iff_le" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_real_mul (x : ℂ) {r : ℝ} (hr : 0 < r) : arg (r * x) = arg x
begin rcases eq_or_ne x 0 with (rfl|hx), { rw mul_zero }, conv_lhs { rw [← abs_mul_cos_add_sin_mul_I x, ← mul_assoc, ← of_real_mul, arg_mul_cos_add_sin_mul_I (mul_pos hr (abs.pos hx)) x.arg_mem_Ioc] } end
lemma
complex.arg_real_mul
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "eq_or_ne", "mul_assoc", "mul_zero" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_eq_arg_iff {x y : ℂ} (hx : x ≠ 0) (hy : y ≠ 0) : arg x = arg y ↔ (abs y / abs x : ℂ) * x = y
begin simp only [ext_abs_arg_iff, map_mul, map_div₀, abs_of_real, abs_abs, div_mul_cancel _ (abs.ne_zero hx), eq_self_iff_true, true_and], rw [← of_real_div, arg_real_mul], exact div_pos (abs.pos hy) (abs.pos hx) end
lemma
complex.arg_eq_arg_iff
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "abs_abs", "div_mul_cancel", "div_pos", "map_div₀", "map_mul" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_one : arg 1 = 0
by simp [arg, zero_le_one]
lemma
complex.arg_one
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "zero_le_one" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_neg_one : arg (-1) = π
by simp [arg, le_refl, not_le.2 (zero_lt_one' ℝ)]
lemma
complex.arg_neg_one
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "zero_lt_one'" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_I : arg I = π / 2
by simp [arg, le_refl]
lemma
complex.arg_I
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_neg_I : arg (-I) = -(π / 2)
by simp [arg, le_refl]
lemma
complex.arg_neg_I
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
tan_arg (x : ℂ) : real.tan (arg x) = x.im / x.re
begin by_cases h : x = 0, { simp only [h, zero_div, complex.zero_im, complex.arg_zero, real.tan_zero, complex.zero_re] }, rw [real.tan_eq_sin_div_cos, sin_arg, cos_arg h, div_div_div_cancel_right _ (abs.ne_zero h)] end
lemma
complex.tan_arg
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "complex.arg_zero", "complex.zero_im", "complex.zero_re", "div_div_div_cancel_right", "real.tan", "real.tan_eq_sin_div_cos", "real.tan_zero", "zero_div" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_of_real_of_nonneg {x : ℝ} (hx : 0 ≤ x) : arg x = 0
by simp [arg, hx]
lemma
complex.arg_of_real_of_nonneg
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_eq_zero_iff {z : ℂ} : arg z = 0 ↔ 0 ≤ z.re ∧ z.im = 0
begin refine ⟨λ h, _, _⟩, { rw [←abs_mul_cos_add_sin_mul_I z, h], simp [abs.nonneg] }, { cases z with x y, rintro ⟨h, rfl : y = 0⟩, exact arg_of_real_of_nonneg h } end
lemma
complex.arg_eq_zero_iff
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_eq_pi_iff {z : ℂ} : arg z = π ↔ z.re < 0 ∧ z.im = 0
begin by_cases h₀ : z = 0, { simp [h₀, lt_irrefl, real.pi_ne_zero.symm] }, split, { intro h, rw [← abs_mul_cos_add_sin_mul_I z, h], simp [h₀] }, { cases z with x y, rintro ⟨h : x < 0, rfl : y = 0⟩, rw [← arg_neg_one, ← arg_real_mul (-1) (neg_pos.2 h)], simp [← of_real_def] } end
lemma
complex.arg_eq_pi_iff
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_lt_pi_iff {z : ℂ} : arg z < π ↔ 0 ≤ z.re ∨ z.im ≠ 0
by rw [(arg_le_pi z).lt_iff_ne, not_iff_comm, not_or_distrib, not_le, not_not, arg_eq_pi_iff]
lemma
complex.arg_lt_pi_iff
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "not_iff_comm", "not_not", "not_or_distrib" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_of_real_of_neg {x : ℝ} (hx : x < 0) : arg x = π
arg_eq_pi_iff.2 ⟨hx, rfl⟩
lemma
complex.arg_of_real_of_neg
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83
arg_eq_pi_div_two_iff {z : ℂ} : arg z = π / 2 ↔ z.re = 0 ∧ 0 < z.im
begin by_cases h₀ : z = 0, { simp [h₀, lt_irrefl, real.pi_div_two_pos.ne] }, split, { intro h, rw [← abs_mul_cos_add_sin_mul_I z, h], simp [h₀] }, { cases z with x y, rintro ⟨rfl : x = 0, hy : 0 < y⟩, rw [← arg_I, ← arg_real_mul I hy, of_real_mul', I_re, I_im, mul_zero, mul_one] } end
lemma
complex.arg_eq_pi_div_two_iff
analysis.special_functions.complex
src/analysis/special_functions/complex/arg.lean
[ "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle", "analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.inverse" ]
[ "mul_one", "mul_zero" ]
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib
65a1391a0106c9204fe45bc73a039f056558cb83