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But while renewables undoubtedly are the future of electricity, they still have their own huge challenges to overcome before they can take over the vast majority of the electricity grid.
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The main problem is reliability and consistency.
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It's not always windy and the sun doesn't always shine, especially in the mornings and evenings when humans need the most electricity.
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The variations between seasons don't make this issue easier.
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we need massive storage capacities where we can save energy collected when the sun or wind are at their peak and release it later when we actually need it.
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Until this is possible, other sources of electricity need to provide a controllable load that creates the reliability of supply that our civilization needs to run properly.
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Eventually, we will be able to do this with renewables, but we need a lot of batteries or storage power plants.
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Right now, we simply don't have the tech and the capacities to make this transition fast enough to replace fossil fuels.
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But even if we could, there's another aspect we have to take into account.
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We're not just trying to kick fossil fuels out of electricity, we're trying to replace energy with electricity.
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like cars or heating, we will need significantly more electricity than we're currently using everywhere around the world.
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And if the electricity needs of the world population continue to grow as they have over the last 20 years, we'll need even more.
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It all comes down to one thing.
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No energy source is perfect.
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All have their own unique problems.
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Both renewables and nuclear energy require time, investment and technological innovation.
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On their own, neither is ready to remove fossil fuels from our electricity grid, although activists on both sides claim that they are.
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In the end, the question is how we want to deal with all these challenges.
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Should we give up nuclear immediately and at least temporarily accept higher emissions?
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Will we try to extend the life of current nuclear reactors and shut them down afterwards while solving the shortcomings of renewables?
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Or will we invest in new nuclear technology to get new nuclear reactor types that are cheaper and safer?
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Or will we maybe do both?
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Opinion part starts here.
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Considering the risks that climate change poses for the biosphere and humanity, any technology that has a chance of contributing to a solution should be pursued.
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That's just good risk management and strategy.
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If preventing rapid climate change as quickly as possible is our goal, it might be a good idea to see nuclear and renewables not as opponents but as partners.
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We know there's no time to waste, so we should keep all of our low-emission players on the field.
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As things are, both nuclear and renewables need innovation and investment.
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And on the topic of current capacities, if we take nuclear energy offline right now, then that missing capacity will be replaced, at least partially, by fossil fuels.
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in the long run it may be cheaper to build them as long as they prevent more fossil fuel capacity being added and paying for the consequences of rapid climate change.
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So, do we need nuclear energy?
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Well, it really depends how hard we choose to make things for ourselves.
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And in a world that's already having a really hard time quitting fossil fuels, why should we make things harder than necessary?
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Starting the change process and trying something new is always difficult.
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Luckily, you don't have to do it all on your own.
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If you want to get out of a rut, we've got something for you.
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Since we started working with Skillshare, you, our viewers, have taken over 100,000 hours of classes, including our own three Skillshare classes on how we make our animations.
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An ant is pretty stupid.
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An ant colony can construct complex structures.
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Some colonies keep farms of fungi, others take care of cattle.
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They can wage war or defend themselves.
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How can a bunch of stupid things do smart things together?
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This phenomenon is called emergence, and it's one of the most fascinating and mysterious features of our universe.
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In a nutshell, it describes small things forming bigger things that have different properties than the sum of their parts.
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Emergence is complexity arising from simplicity.
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And emergence is everywhere.
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Water has vastly different properties to the molecules that make it up, like the concept of wetness.
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Take wet fabric.
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If you zoom in far enough, there is no wetness.
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There are just molecules sitting in the spaces between the atoms of the cloth.
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Wetness is an emerging property of water.
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And this is sort of it.
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Many things interact under a certain set of rules, creating something above and beyond themselves.
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It turns out that more is different.
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This different property is itself a new thing, and that new thing can couple with other new things to repeat the process.
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You can imagine this as layers stacked upon each other, every layer made from more complex parts.
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Atoms form molecules.
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Molecules form proteins.
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Proteins make up cells.
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Cells make up organs.
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Organs form individuals.
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Individuals form societies.
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But how can something be more than the sum of its parts?
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How do ants form the sort of cloudy entity that is a colony?
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For example, let's look at how an ant colony distributes jobs.
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Let's assume that a colony should have 25% workers, 25% caretakers, 25% soldiers, and 25% gatherers.
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Ants communicate their current job via chemicals.
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For example, a worker ant constantly secretes chemicals that say, I'm a worker.
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When ants meet other ants, they smell each other to gather information, telling each other their job and what they're doing.
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",",
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[
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14,
14,
0,
13,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
0
] |
Both keep track of who they met in the past.
|
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{
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[
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[
1,
19,
5,
6,
6,
6,
6,
6,
6,
6,
0
] |
Now, imagine an anteater kills most of the gatherers.
|
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[
13,
0,
19,
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6,
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6,
6,
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6,
0
] |
If this isn't fixed quickly, the colony will starve.
|
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13,
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14,
14,
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0,
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2,
15,
19,
0
] |
Many worker ants need to switch jobs, but how do you tell this to thousands of them?
|
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{
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{
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0,
0,
41,
42,
42,
42,
42,
42,
42,
42,
42,
0
] |
Our worker ant will still meet and smell other ants, but it will encounter almost no gatherers at all.
|
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{
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{
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42,
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41,
42,
42,
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42,
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] |
It counts too few gatherers until it reaches a critical point, and then it changes its job.
|
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42,
42,
42,
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The worker becomes a gatherer.
|
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{
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{
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[
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11,
12,
0
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Other ants will do the same until after a while there are enough gatherers again.
|
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{
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14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
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] |
The balance is restored all by itself.
|
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{
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{
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] |
[
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"by",
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"."
] |
[
1,
2,
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29,
13,
14,
14,
0
] |
The actions and interactions of an individual are random.
|
[
{
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"label": "主语",
"start": 0,
"token_end": 6,
"token_start": 0
},
{
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"label": "系动词",
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"token_end": 7,
"token_start": 7
},
{
"end": 55,
"label": "表语",
"start": 50,
"token_end": 8,
"token_start": 8
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] |
[
"The",
"actions",
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"interactions",
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"are",
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"."
] |
[
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
21,
11,
0
] |
You can't plan which ant will encounter which other ant.
|
[
{
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"token_start": 0
},
{
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{
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{
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"token_start": 3
},
{
"end": 55,
"label": "宾语",
"start": 15,
"token_end": 10,
"token_start": 4
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] |
[
"You",
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"n't",
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"which",
"ant",
"will",
"encounter",
"which",
"other",
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"."
] |
[
1,
15,
37,
19,
5,
6,
6,
6,
6,
6,
6,
0
] |
But the simple set of rules is so elegant that a colony's many operations emerge as a consequence.
|
[
{
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"label": "主语",
"start": 4,
"token_end": 5,
"token_start": 1
},
{
"end": 30,
"label": "系动词",
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"token_end": 6,
"token_start": 6
},
{
"end": 97,
"label": "表语",
"start": 31,
"token_end": 18,
"token_start": 7
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] |
[
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"rules",
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] |
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2,
21,
11,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
0
] |
On an even more fundamental level, hundreds of millions of complicated molecules interact to maintain a robust and amazing structure.
|
[
{
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"label": "状语",
"start": 0,
"token_end": 5,
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{
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{
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{
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1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
19,
13,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
0
] |
A being with vastly different properties than the sum of its dead parts emerges.
|
[
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"token_end": 12,
"token_start": 0
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{
"end": 78,
"label": "动词第三人称单数",
"start": 72,
"token_end": 13,
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[
"A",
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"the",
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] |
[
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
25,
0
] |
We still don't have a clear definition of what living things are, we just know they emerge from things that are not alive.
|
[
{
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"token_end": 0,
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{
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{
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6,
6,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
Cells combine and cooperate.
|
[
{
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},
{
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{
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] |
[
"Cells",
"combine",
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"cooperate",
"."
] |
[
1,
19,
0,
41,
0
] |
They specialize and respond to one another, and over time we develop into complex organisms with remarkable capacities.
|
[
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{
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{
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42,
0,
0,
41,
42,
42,
42,
42,
42,
42,
42,
42,
42,
0
] |
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