doc_id
int32
18
2.25M
text
stringlengths
245
2.96k
source
stringlengths
38
44
__index_level_0__
int64
18
2.25M
1,703,416
The SWIR spectrometer was designed and built by the Optical Payloads Group of Surrey Satellites (SSTL); it employs an immersed grating design in which light impinges upon an etched grating from within a high-index substrate (silicon in this case). The reduced wavelength within the refractive medium permits an efficient...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43757243
1,702,460
288,471
Four "Vanguard"-class submarines were designed and built at Barrow-in-Furness by Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering, now BAE Systems Submarines, the only shipbuilder in the UK with the facilities and expertise to build nuclear submarines. Even so, £62 million worth of new shipbuilding and dock facilities were added f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9095461
288,314
1,175,593
After years of being a role player for the Bruins, Roll became a leader of the team as a fifth-year senior in 2009–10. He was pushed into his new role after the departure of seniors Shipp, Darren Collison, and Alfred Aboya from the prior season. Moreover, he would have been only the fourth option on the team behind Kev...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43412138
1,174,971
244,307
Single cross-sectional studies on consumers have been published noting multiple associations. Blood serum levels of PFOA were associated with an increased time to pregnancy—or "infertility"—in a 2009 study. PFOA exposure was associated with decreased semen quality, increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels, and i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=824692
244,180
1,463,053
On 28 January 1986, "Challenger" lifted off on STS-51-L. A failure of the solid rocket booster 73 seconds into flight tore "Challenger" apart, resulting in the deaths of all seven crew members. The "Challenger" disaster was America's worst space disaster at the time. The Centaur team, many of whom witnessed the disaste...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=65467235
1,462,230
182,246
The procedure for monazite, which usually contains all the rare earths as well as thorium, is more involved. Monazite, because of its magnetic properties, can be separated by repeated electromagnetic separation. After separation, it is treated with hot concentrated sulfuric acid to produce water-soluble sulfates of rar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17744
182,150
27,075
The 107-seater was launched on 26 April 1999 with the options and orders count at 109 aircraft. After three years of design, the maiden flight took place at Hamburg on 15 January 2002. Tests on the lead engine, the PW6000, revealed worse-than-expected fuel consumption. Consequently, Pratt & Whitney abandoned the five-s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=164933
27,065
413,706
Breaking away from directly experienced reality was a common trend in 19th-century sciences (especially physics), and this was the effort which fundamentally determined the way economics tried (and still tries) to approach the economic aspects of social life. It is abstraction we meet in the case of both Newton's physi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2972
413,503
226,024
In his senior year of high school, Stafford was recruited to play football at the University of Oklahoma, where he had received a Navy ROTC scholarship. Stafford applied to the United States Naval Academy, and was accepted to the Class of 1952. Stafford intended to play football for the Navy Midshipmen, but sustained a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=638571
225,908
1,881,650
Additionally, Knoblich and his group were the first to carry out a genome-wide in vivo RNAi screen to demonstrate for the first time, that it is possible to simultaneously analyze gene functions across the whole genome of an organism in a tissue specific manner. This was achieved using a fruit fly gene bank generated a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=61293154
1,880,569
1,159,262
In the years following the end of the Cold War, U.S. Congressman George E. Brown Jr. was an outspoken champion of science and technology issues, particularly in international relations. As Chairman of the House Science Committee, Rep. Brown promoted conservation and renewable energy sources, technology transfer, sustai...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31816142
1,158,647
454,940
The Infected, a core concept of the game, were inspired by a segment of the BBC nature documentary "Planet Earth" (2006), which featured the "Cordyceps" fungi. Though the fungi mainly infect insects, taking control of their motor functions and forcing them to help cultivate the fungus, the game explores the concept of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=45204814
454,718
1,056,605
The requirement for Type 115 radar was to operate with the elevation form 0° to 90°, scanning sector of ± 60° when the ship was rolling at ± 20°. The 14th Institute formed a team to complete the prototype with members including Wang Jun as the general designer, Diao Chen-Xi as the deputy general designer, Duan Qing-Ren...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51215241
1,056,057
313,268
Beginning with "Mantra" for two pianos and electronics (1970), Stockhausen turned to formula composition, a technique which involves the projection and multiplication of a single, double, or triple melodic-line formula. Sometimes, as in "Mantra" and the large orchestral composition with mime soloists, "Inori", the simp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17268
313,100
268,277
The endospore is a dehydrated cell with thick walls and additional layers that form inside the cell membrane. It can remain inactive for many years, but if it comes into a favorable environment, it begins to grow again. It initially develops inside the rod-shaped form. Features such as the location within the rod, the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18974125
268,133
967,901
The first suggestion that energetic protons could be an effective treatment was made by Robert R. Wilson in a paper published in 1946 while he was involved in the design of the Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory (HCL). The first treatments were performed with particle accelerators built for physics research, notably Berkeley...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1164549
967,391
1,823,519
The period covered by LAEME is of prime grammatical and phonological interest, as the language was undergoing widespread inflectional loss from OE but at different rates in different regions. Variation within phonological categories and inflectional paradigms possess dialectal and base-grammatical significance. Emergen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53064903
1,822,481
934,271
In the early part of the 20th century, the prefectural government of Hokkaidō, Japan's northernmost island, were offering various grants and incentives for mainland Japanese groups willing to relocate there. At the time, Hokkaidō was still largely unsettled by the Japanese, being occupied primarily by the indigenous Ai...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20069
933,779
2,007,408
The newly formed USE acts to open a trade corridor with the Middle East via Venice to insure supplies of materials unavailable within Western Europe; gaining political allies within these regions; and religious allies to spread the doctrines of religious tolerance and the separation of church and state. Michael Stearns...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5163298
2,006,257
1,742,905
Botanists responded favourably to the book immediately on its publication. Hooker told Darwin that the book showed him to be "out of sight the best Physiological observer & experimenter that Botany ever saw", and was glad to note that two leading traditional botanists had accepted the concept of evolution; "Bentham & O...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21436165
1,741,921
1,501,753
Several strategies for resolving geographic boundary problems in measurement and analysis have been proposed. To identify the effectiveness of the strategies, Griffith reviewed traditional techniques that were developed to mitigate the edge effects: ignoring the effects, undertaking a torus mapping, construction of an ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27288010
1,500,907
141,534
British and other Commonwealth armies were the first to use the Light Tank M3, as the "Stuart", in combat. From mid-November 1941 to the end of the year, about 170 Stuarts (in a total force of over 700 tanks) took part in Operation Crusader during the North Africa Campaign, with poor results. This is despite the fact t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=335691
141,476
592,683
During World War II, the PVDE experienced its most intense period of activity. Neutral Lisbon was the European center of espionage and one of the favourite exile destinations. Writers such as Ian Fleming (the creator of James Bond) were based there, while other prominent people such as the Duke of Windsor and the Spani...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=705704
592,379
51,805
In a paper titled "Death by Pokémon GO", researchers at Purdue University's Krannert School of Management claim the game caused "a disproportionate increase in vehicular crashes and associated vehicular damage, personal injuries, and fatalities in the vicinity of locations, called PokéStops, where users can play the ga...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=85631
51,785
1,212,341
In the United States, the established tradition of engineering was explicitly competing with the rising discipline of physics for World War I military largess. A host of inventors, led by Thomas Edison and his newly created Naval Consulting Board, cranked out thousands of inventions to solve military problems and aid t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4999816
1,211,689
2,121,110
Cortical patterning is a field of developmental neuroscience which aims to determine how the various functional areas of the cerebral cortex are generated, what size and shape they will be, and how their spatial pattern across the surface of the cortex is specified. Early brain lesion studies indicated that different p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51247656
2,119,891
1,219,070
A sputum culture is a test to detect and identify bacteria or fungi that infect the lungs or breathing passages. Sputum is a thick fluid produced in the lungs and in the adjacent airways. Normally, fresh morning sample is preferred for the bacteriological examination of sputum. A sample of sputum is collected in a ster...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3143281
1,218,416
72,452
Charles Sherrington published his influential 1906 work "The Integrative Action of the Nervous System" examining the function of reflexes, evolutionary development of the nervous system, functional specialisation of the brain, and layout and cellular function of the central nervous system. In 1942 he coined the term "e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=490620
72,425
1,130,606
Sheep are sometimes eaten in considerable numbers, especially in the Inner and Outer Hebrides of Scotland (25.9% and 26.8% of nest remains respectively). Differentiating whether a lamb has been caught and killed while alive or scavenged as a carcass is possible if the remains are in good condition. In one examination o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41302685
1,130,025
1,214,345
"Gastonia" was protected by osteoderms, skin ossifications. The neck was covered by at least two bone rings. Usually in ankylosaurs these have the form of "halfrings" leaving the underside unprotected, but with "Gastonia" only two segments seem present, one at each side of the midline, causing Kirkland to refer to them...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3569131
1,213,693
740,584
A 2000 UK systematic review (York) found that water fluoridation was associated with a decreased proportion of children with cavities of 15% and with a decrease in decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth (average decreases was 2.25 teeth). The review found that the evidence was of moderate quality: few studies attem...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=763637
740,192
851,922
Constructivists pay close attention to the context of guidance because they believe instruction plays a major role in knowledge retention and transfer. Research studies demonstrate how the context of isolated explanations can have an effect on student-learning outcomes. For example, Hake's (1998) large-scale study demo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=263104
851,468
1,614,821
"Crucibulum" species have light tan to cinnamon-colored fruiting bodies, known as a peridium, that are cup- or crucible-shaped. Depending on the species, the size of the peridium may range from 2–4 tall by 1.5–3 mm wide at the mouth (for "C. parvulum") to 5–10 mm tall by 5–8 mm wide (for "C. laeve"). Viewed microscopic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20942959
1,613,915
1,483,878
Ecological interface design was proposed as a framework for interface design by Kim Vicente and Jens Rasmussen in the late 1980s and early 1990s following extensive research into human-system reliability at the Risø National Laboratory in Denmark (Rasmussen & Vicente "et al", 1989; Vicente, 2001). The term ecological i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3216623
1,483,042
1,598,808
The idea of cyber manufacturing originates from the fact that Internet-enabled services have added business value in economic sectors such as retail, music, consumer products, transportation, and healthcare. However, compared to existing Internet-enabled sectors, manufacturing assets are less connected and less accessi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49997022
1,597,908
822,271
The United States National Cooperative Highway Research Program initiated a research project to help state agencies improve their use of roughness measuring equipment. The work was continued by The World Bank to determine how to compare or convert data obtained from different countries (mostly developing countries) inv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26458823
821,830
1,708,909
Lycopene is one of the most important carotene molecules because it is capable of producing both β-carotene and other carotenoids, well known for their potent anti-oxidant activities. As such, β-carotene and other carotenoids play crucial roles for oxidative stress reduction and cardiovascular protection. Carotenoids h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11322427
1,707,950
614,098
First published in the U.S. in 2005, Code Name God (Crossroads Publishing ) is a distillation of Bhaumik's central thesis that the discoveries of modern physics can be reconciled with the great truths of the world religions when those truths are viewed as elements of what Aldous Huxley called "The Perennial Philosophy....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4877968
613,786
1,591,121
This gene belongs to the A/B subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and oth...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14118832
1,590,227
1,193,971
A promising strategy for the construction of DNA-encoded libraries is represented by the use of multifunctional building blocks covalently conjugated to an oligonucleotide serving as a “core structure” for library synthesis. In a ‘pool-and-split’ fashion a set of multifunctional scaffolds undergo orthogonal reactions w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22810768
1,193,331
464,922
Thermal degradation of DOC has been found at high-temperature hydrothermal ridge-flanks, where outflow DOC concentrations are lower than in the inflow. While the global impact of these processes has not been investigated, current data suggest it is a minor DOC sink. Abiotic DOC flocculation is often observed during rap...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4236528
464,692
7,990
One reason that the A380 did not achieve commercial viability for Airbus has been attributed to its extremely large capacity being optimised for a hub-and-spoke system, which was projected by Airbus to be thriving when the programme was conceived. However, airlines underwent a fundamental transition to a point-to-point...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=181173
7,987
177,908
At the Cowles Commission, Simon's main goal was to link economic theory to mathematics and statistics. His main contributions were to the fields of general equilibrium and econometrics. He was greatly influenced by the marginalist debate that began in the 1930s. The popular work of the time argued that it was not appar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14205
177,815
350,842
Symptoms include rapid weight gain, particularly of the trunk and face with sparing of the limbs (central obesity). Common signs include the growth of fat pads along the collarbone, on the back of the neck ("buffalo hump" or lipodystrophy), and on the face ("moon face"). Other symptoms include excess sweating, dilation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=92373
350,659
351,011
In the Cretaceous, the climate was hot and humid with lush forests at the poles, there was no permanent ice and sea levels were around 300 metres higher than today. This continued for the first 10 million years of the Paleocene, culminating in the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum about . Around Earth entered a period o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5816
350,828
1,005,774
The latest innovations in weapons and tactics were adopted and refined by Philip II, and he created a uniquely flexible and effective army. By introducing military service as a full-time occupation, Philip was able to drill his men regularly, ensuring unity and cohesion in his ranks. In a remarkably short time, this le...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2529634
1,005,255
95,855
One of the main goals during the Jupiter encounter was observing its atmospheric conditions and analyzing the structure and composition of its clouds. Heat-induced lightning strikes in the polar regions and "waves" that indicate violent storm activity were observed and measured. The Little Red Spot, spanning up to 70% ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=390905
95,814
1,926,193
The assumption that energy measured in calories can be used as a universal measure of nutritional cost is criticized by a number of scientists on the basis of essential nutrients, nutrients that the body cannot produce regardless of calorie availability and the specific nutrients must be present in the diet. It is argu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58645929
1,925,089
297,904
An issue that affects all the international partners in the F-35 involves access to the computer software code for the aircraft. The F-35 relies heavily on software for operation of radar, weapons, flight controls and also maintenance. The U.S. military has stated that "no country involved in the development of the jet...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28702755
297,744
131,912
Al-Biruni was well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences, and also distinguished himself as a historian, chronologist, and linguist. He studied almost all the sciences of his day and was rewarded abundantly for his tireless research in many fields of knowledge. Royalty and other powerful eleme...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=271975
131,860
237,245
College of Science professors Nicanor Austriaco and Bernhard Egwolf are members of the OCTA Research team that is associated with forecasts and analyses of the country's COVID-19 situation. They also developed an epidemiological model, UST CoV-2 Model, which released COVID-19 cases and death projections in Metro Manila...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=731199
237,126
659,429
Schenker himself usually began his analyses with a rhythmic reduction that he termed "Urlinietafel". From 1925 onwards, he complemented these with other levels of representation, corresponding to the successive steps leading to the fundamental structure. At first, he mainly relied on the size of the note shapes to deno...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=211261
659,084
116,097
Financial incentives for photovoltaics, such as feed-in tariffs (FITs), are often been offered to electricity consumers to install and operate solar-electric generating systems, and in some countries such subsidies are the only way photovoltaics can remain economically profitable. In Germany FIT subsidies are generally...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=652531
116,052
2,240,509
The libraries house over 4.5 million print volumes, including nearly 124,000 serial titles, and over 5.5 million microform items. Holdings also include approximately 250,000 maps in the Maps & GIS Library, and over of archival and manuscript collections in the Cushing Memorial Library and Archives, including approximat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8958419
2,239,238
892,503
Traditionally, a sucrose solution with a defined concentration was used to calibrate polarimeters relating the amount of sugar molecules to the light polarization rotation. The International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis (ICUMSA) played a key role in unifying analytical methods for the sugar industry...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3259030
892,034
171,858
The flight plan for the third day in space was to have the commander and lunar module pilot enter the LM to check out its systems and use its descent engine to move the entire spacecraft. The descent engine was the backup to the SPS; the ability to use it in this manner would prove critical on Apollo 13. The flight pla...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1774
171,767
535,126
In response the British adopted counter-insurgency tactics, including a scorched earth policy involving the burning of houses and crops, the establishment of concentration camps for Boer women and children, and a system of blockhouses and field obstacles to limit Boer mobility and to protect railway communications. Suc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1323516
534,847
617,083
The implantable artificial kidney is a second project that is being co-developed by a nephrologist named William H. Fissell IV, MD, from the Vanderbilt University Medical Center with Professor Shuvo Roy from the University of California, San Francisco. Fissell and his colleagues have been working on the implantable art...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2400647
616,769
1,688,232
Lukács in 1930 had a similar experience in his reading of the then recently deciphered "Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844" on which he subsequently commented: "the overwhelming effect produced in me by Marx's statement that objectivity was the primary material attribute of all things and relations... that ob...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44379811
1,687,286
545,322
IE has been the focus of the MUC conferences. The proliferation of the Web, however, intensified the need for developing IE systems that help people to cope with the enormous amount of data that are available online. Systems that perform IE from online text should meet the requirements of low cost, flexibility in devel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=383162
545,038
2,245,325
Women in Manufacturing (WiM) is a national trade association headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio, that promotes and supports women who are pursuing or have chosen a career in manufacturing. It is the only national trade association dedicated to providing year-round support to women in manufacturing careers, representing m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54723440
2,244,053
709,035
Work resumed on 30 July 2021 to outfit "Nauka" and tie its computers into the ISS. Novitsky and Dubrov performed leak checks before they started opening hatches between the modules. Once the hatch was opened, cables were connected and laptops were set up and connected to the station's routers. Then the cosmonauts conne...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=977414
708,666
332,008
It is natural to ask why ordinary everyday objects and events do not seem to display quantum mechanical features such as superposition. Indeed, this is sometimes regarded as "mysterious", for instance by Richard Feynman. In 1935, Erwin Schrödinger devised a well-known thought experiment, now known as Schrödinger's cat,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=82728
331,831
899,649
Both plastid DNA markers and morphological characters provide evidence that "Anaxagorea" is the sister clade to the rest of the family. This may confirm the hypothesis that morphological traits shared between "Anaxagorea" and other Magnoliales species (such as 2-ranked phyllotaxis, monosulcate pollen, and laminate stam...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=432507
899,174
949,730
The remains of large carcasses left by human hunter-gatherers may have led some wolves into entering a migratory relationship with humans. This could have led to their divergence from those wolves that remained in the one territory. A closer relationship between these wolves — or proto-dogs — and humans may have then d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5141410
949,226
1,360,842
Particle physicists study matter made from fundamental particles whose interactions are mediated by exchange particles known as force carriers. At the beginning of the 1960s a number of these particles had been discovered or proposed, along with theories suggesting how they relate to each other, some of which had alrea...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24038774
1,360,089
1,795,342
Several more state highways were legislated in the next decade, and the legislature passed a law creating the Department of Engineering on March 11, 1907. This new department, in addition to non-highway duties, was to maintain all state highways, including the Lake Tahoe Wagon Road. On March 22, 1909 the "State Highway...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14299544
1,794,333
729,727
Although Newton rejected the wave theory, he noticed its potential to explain colors, including the colors of "thin plates" (e.g., "Newton's rings", and the colors of skylight reflected in soap bubbles), on the assumption that light consists of "periodic" waves, with the lowest frequencies (longest wavelengths) at the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1141
729,343
75,107
The compositions of 1819 and 1820 show a marked advance in development and maturity of style. The unfinished oratorio "Lazarus" (D. 689) was begun in February; later followed, among some smaller works, by the hymn "Der 23. Psalm" (D. 706), the octet "Gesang der Geister über den Wassern" (D. 714), the Quartettsatz in C ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44888
75,080
400,832
Slayton joined the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II, and flew in Europe and the Pacific. He left the Army after World War II, went on to receive a Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from University of Minnesota in 1949, and later joined the Minnesota Air National Guard after working for Boei...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=331454
400,633
36,556
Apollo 8 was planned to be the D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart, launched on a SaturnV instead of two Saturn IBs. In the summer it had become clear that the LM would not be ready in time. Rather than waste the Saturn V on another simple Earth-orbiting mission, ASPO Manager George Lo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1461
36,544
1,379,237
Bailey represented an agrarianism that stood in the tradition of Thomas Jefferson. He had a vision of suffusing all higher education, including horticulture, with a spirit of public work and integrating "expert knowledge" into a broader context of democratic community action. As a leader of the Country Life Movement, h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=160679
1,378,475
15,369
The researchers concluded that simply extracting the self-doubt before an event occurs helps eliminate feelings of impostorism. It was recommended that the individuals struggling with this experience seek support from friends and family. Although impostor phenomenon is not a pathological condition, it is a distorted sy...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2177410
15,364
795,072
"Ticonderoga" was back on Dixie station by January 28, and Evans was flying attack missions against Viet Cong insurgents. On that day, his aircraft suffered a electrical failure and he was left with a bomb under his right wing that he was unable to jettison. This made it too dangerous to attempt a landing on the "Ticon...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=598426
794,647
240,160
Noether's mathematical work has been divided into three "epochs". In the first (1908–1919), she made contributions to the theories of algebraic invariants and number fields. Her work on differential invariants in the calculus of variations, Noether's theorem, has been called "one of the most important mathematical theo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=149896
240,040
935,597
After the death and decomposition of a fish, otoliths may be preserved within the body of an organism or be dispersed before burial and fossilization. Dispersed otoliths are one of the many microfossils which can be found through a micropalaeontological analysis of a fine sediment. Their stratigraphic significance is m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2085935
935,103
4,416
Armstrong served as project pilot on Century Series fighters, including the North American F-100 Super Sabre A and C variants, the McDonnell F-101 Voodoo, the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, the Republic F-105 Thunderchief and the Convair F-106 Delta Dart. He also flew the Douglas DC-3, Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star, North A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21247
4,414
675,534
She later joined the University College of Science at the University of Calcutta as a Reader in pure Chemistry. She continued her research on the nature of biologically active compounds found in medicinal plants. At that time, it was very difficult for scientists to work due to fewer funds from the government and Asima...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21510773
675,181
1,096,704
The sequenced region of "SUBII-TG" was 912 bp long and consists of three largely identical 105 bp open-reading frames. A northern blot analysis revealed that low levels of transcription are detected in microstome cells, while high levels of transcription occur in macrostome cells. Furthermore, when the researchers limi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66793
1,096,144
873,602
An electric field is applied across the gel, causing the negatively charged proteins or nucleic acids to migrate across the gel away from the negative electrode (which is the cathode being that this is an electrolytic rather than galvanic cell) and towards the positive electrode (the anode). Depending on their size, ea...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=102352
873,140
1,116,204
Primary EMZL of the central nervous system is an extremely rare disorder. Compared to other central nervous system lymphomas which are highly aggressive, primary EMZL of the central nervous system is a non-aggressive, low-grade lymphoma. In a review of 70 published cases, the disease involved the proliferation of malig...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21339698
1,115,632
1,923,671
In the early 1880s, the doctrine, which envisioned using a combination of cruisers and torpedo boats to defend France and attack enemy merchant shipping, became popular in French naval circles. In early 1886, the supporter Gabriel Charmes published his book ("The Reform of the Navy"), in which he called for small comme...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63125847
1,922,568
338,252
When the DFT is used for signal spectral analysis, the formula_45 sequence usually represents a finite set of uniformly spaced time-samples of some signal formula_236, where formula_237 represents time. The conversion from continuous time to samples (discrete-time) changes the underlying Fourier transform of formula_23...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8811
338,072
1,011,888
The earliest methods of holding a reduced fracture involved using splints. These are rigid strips laid parallel to each other alongside the bone. The Ancient Egyptians used wooden splints made of bark wrapped in linen. They also used stiff bandages for support that were probably derived from embalming techniques. The u...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=894250
1,011,367
123,709
BIM has the potential to play a vital role in the Nigerian AEC sector. In addition to its potential clarity and transparency, it may help promote standardization across the industry. For instance, Utiome suggests that, in conceptualizing a BIM-based knowledge transfer framework from industrialized economies to urban co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3978080
123,658
1,041,003
JPEG-LS is a lossless/near-lossless compression standard for continuous-tone images. Its official designation is ISO-14495-1/ITU-T.87. It is a simple and efficient baseline algorithm which consists of two independent and distinct stages called modeling and encoding. JPEG-LS was developed with the aim of providing a low...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3748933
1,040,460
1,447,185
Calcium nitrite has a great variety of uses. It can be use as antifreeze due to its high solubility, either in solution or powder. It can promote the hydration of minerals in cement using this antifreeze at sub freezing temperature, the operative temperature can be reduced to −20 °C. It also work as metal corrosion inh...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37271321
1,446,369
12,830
Armed hostilities continued on a limited scale after the Six-Day War and escalated into the War of Attrition, an attempt to wear down the Israeli position through long-term pressure. In December 1970, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat had signaled in an interview with "The New York Times" that, in return for a total withd...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34276
12,825
1,437,361
Slalom is a technical competitive form of canoeing, and the only whitewater event to appear in the Olympic Games. Racers attempt to make their way from the top to the bottom of a designated section of river as fast as possible, while correctly negotiating gates (a series of double-poles suspended vertically over the ri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19085388
1,436,552
277,706
At the beginning of the twentieth century, ASW techniques and submarines themselves were primitive. During the First World War, submarines deployed by Imperial Germany proved themselves to be a capable threat to shipping, being capable of striking targets even out in the North Atlantic ocean. Accordingly, multiple nati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3480866
277,556
1,199,318
Fire engineering's roots date back to Ancient Rome, when the Emperor Nero ordered the city to be rebuilt utilizing passive fire protection methods, such as space separation and non-combustible building materials, after a catastrophic fire. The discipline of fire engineering emerged in the early 20th century as a distin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2195359
1,198,677
422,049
The institute also focuses on proficient R&D skills through the efficient use of technology. The institute carries out active research in the fields of Innovative Design and Manufacturing (Embedded System Design, Design of Control Systems, VLSI, CAD/CAM, Design of Smart Structures, MEMS, Intelligent Product Design, Des...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11683699
421,843
1,024,874
During the 1880s, the gentleman farmer Alfred Nicholson Leeds collected large fish fossils from loam pits near Peterborough, England. In May 1886 these were inspected by John Whitaker Hulke, who in 1887 partially reported them as the back plates of the stegosaurian "Omosaurus". On 22 August 1888, the American dinosaur ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1987761
1,024,341
1,154,391
As newly elected members of the state senate, Cornell chaired the Committee of Agriculture, and White was the chair of the Committee of Literature, which dealt with educational matters. Hence, both chaired committees with jurisdiction over bills allocating the land grant, which was to be used for instruction in "withou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3601339
1,153,781
137,435
Low levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain, have been linked to depression. High levels of estrogen, as in first-generation COCPs, and progestin, as in some progestin-only contraceptives, have been shown to lower the brain serotonin levels by increasing the concentration of a brain enzyme that reduces ser...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22623
137,379
1,958,829
Lim has completed dozens of radio interviews with the CBC throughout her PhD From 2008 to 2009, Lim's work was part of "POLAR-PALOOZA: Stories from a Changing Planet", a traveling exhibit sponsored by the NSF and NASA. She was the lead guest on the NASA Ames podcast in 2016. A profile of her Mars-simulation colony in H...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=59227670
1,957,702
72,132
In contrast, bottom-up techniques build or grow larger structures atom by atom or molecule by molecule. These techniques include chemical synthesis, self-assembly and positional assembly. Dual polarisation interferometry is one tool suitable for characterisation of self assembled thin films. Another variation of the bo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21488
72,105
1,134,584
The methods through which tropical cyclones are forecast have changed with the passage of time. The first known forecasts in the Western Hemisphere were made by Lt. Col. William Reed of the Corps of Royal Engineers at Barbados in 1847. Reed mostly utilized barometric pressure measurements as the basis of his forecasts....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11052024
1,133,991
599,848
Aside from theft-prevention, the most common use of vehicle tracking is in logistics and transport. These systems make use of GPS(Global Positioning System) and GSM(Global System for Mobile Communication) technology to provide precise and constant location telematics to an individual fleet manager. These systems are ty...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25143921
599,542
1,381,781
Cells of Lobular Neoplasia (LN), including both Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia and LCIS, and ILC share common genetic alterations, perhaps accounting, in part, for the similarities in histologic appearance. Classic LCIS and invasive lobular lesions are low-grade ER and PR-positive cancers, referring to the positive expre...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18403722
1,381,018