doc_id int32 18 2.25M | text stringlengths 245 2.96k | source stringlengths 38 44 | __index_level_0__ int64 18 2.25M |
|---|---|---|---|
1,558,385 | Profiling may provide intuitive insight into an algorithm's behavior by revealing performance findings as a visual representation. Performance profiling has been applied, for example, during the development of algorithms for matching wildcards. Early algorithms for matching wildcards, such as Rich Salz' wildmat algorit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22553927 | 1,557,500 |
1,131,900 | Sinking particles can be phytoplankton, zooplankton, detritus, fecal pellets, or a mix of these. They range in size from a few micrometers to several centimeters, with particles of a diameter of >0.5 mm being referred to as marine snow. In general, particles in a fluid are thought to sink once their densities are highe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49090922 | 1,131,309 |
555,930 | Through taphonomic studies (death assemblages of shells) and interpretation of seep assemblage composition from cores, Powell et al. (1998) reported that, overall, seep communities were persistent over periods of 500–1,000 years and probably throughout the entire Pleistocene(<- doubtful. Holocene?). Some sites retained... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=400223 | 555,641 |
751,949 | On 6 March 1944 Vrba heard that the Czech family camp was about to be sent to the gas chambers. The group of around 5,000, including women and children, had arrived in Auschwitz in September 1943 from the Theresienstadt concentration camp in Czechoslovakia (the Czech Republic since 1993). That they had been allowed to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5043162 | 751,547 |
147,847 | The State Council declared a three-day period of national mourning for the quake victims starting from May 19, 2008; the PRC's National Flag and Regional Flags of Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions flown at half mast. It was the first time that a national mourning period had been declared for something ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17901805 | 147,788 |
310,536 | The Baby had a 32-bit word length and a memory of 32 words. As it was designed to be the simplest possible stored-program computer, the only arithmetic operations implemented in hardware were subtraction and negation; other arithmetic operations were implemented in software. The first of three programs written for the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13636 | 310,368 |
1,357,971 | In 2007, USPTO announced new regulations under 37 CFR (published August 21, 2007) that would significantly alter procedures regarding continuation applications before the USPTO. Previously, USPTO rules allowed an inventor to file as many continuations as necessary to get desired breadth of claims. The procedure was cri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1395193 | 1,357,221 |
352,889 | The quality i.e. randomness of such library functions varies widely from completely predictable output, to cryptographically secure. The default random number generator in many languages, including Python, Ruby, R, IDL and PHP is based on the Mersenne Twister algorithm and is "not" sufficient for cryptography purposes,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2736939 | 352,706 |
1,368,842 | While most Shermans ran on gasoline, the M4A2 and M4A6 had diesel engines: the M4A2 with a pair of GMC 6-71 straight six engines, the M4A6 a Caterpillar RD1820 radial. These, plus the M4A4 which used the Chrysler A57 multibank engine, were mostly supplied to Allied countries under Lend-Lease. "M4" can refer specificall... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27247561 | 1,368,086 |
1,098,744 | Varmus has criticized the high cost of many modern cancer drugs, which create barriers to treatment. He advocates for the genetic testing of cancers as a routine reimbursed procedure, and for wider use of the information that genetic testing of cancer can provide. He argues that widespread use of panel tests and exome ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=666898 | 1,098,184 |
397,930 | That day Resnik also deployed the OAST-1 solar array wing, considered a potential future way of generating more electrical power during space missions. After performing several dynamic tests that day and the next, she reported that the experiment was well-behaved and matched ground simulations of the array. During the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=316815 | 397,734 |
1,218,951 | Although the Drude model was fairly successful in describing the electron motion within metals, it has some erroneous aspects: it predicts the Hall coefficient with the wrong sign compared to experimental measurements, the assumed additional electronic heat capacity to the lattice heat capacity, namely formula_1 per el... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51215300 | 1,218,297 |
610,511 | For all spacecraft missions requiring decontamination, the starting point is clean room assembly in US federal standard class 100 cleanrooms. These are rooms with fewer than 100 particles of size 0.5 µm or larger per cubic foot. Engineers wear cleanroom suits with only their eyes exposed. Components are sterilized indi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1612742 | 610,200 |
1,902,098 | The taxol synthesis started from the terpene verbenone 1 in Scheme 1, which is the oxidation product of naturally occurring α-pinene and forming ring A. Construction of ring B started with abstraction of the pendant methyl group proton by potassium "tert"-butoxide (conjugated anion is formed) followed by nucleophilic d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8705174 | 1,901,008 |
376,004 | Identical setting of the machines at the transmitting and receiving ends was achieved by key setting procedures. These varied from time to time and across different networks. They consisted of "setting sheets" in a "codebook". which were distributed to all users of a network, and were changed regularly. The message key... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=872175 | 375,809 |
1,150,899 | In addition to regulating population size, cyanophages likely influence phylogenetic composition by allowing other phytoplankton normally inhibited by cyanobacteria to grow. The specificity with which cyanophages target various hosts also affects community structure. Due to the lysogenic phase of their replication cycl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7354309 | 1,150,292 |
1,767,951 | In taxonomy, the Halobacteriaceae are a family of the Halobacteriales in the domain Archaea. "Halobacteriaceae" represent a large part of halophilic Archaea, along with members in two other methanogenic families, "Methanosarcinaceae" and "Methanocalculaceae". The family consists of many diverse genera that can survive ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2831826 | 1,766,957 |
710,571 | There is no weight restriction. The weight of the average competitive Formula SAE car is usually less than in race trim. However, the lack of weight regulation combined with the somewhat fixed power ceiling encourages teams to adopt innovative weight-saving strategies, such as the use of composite materials, elaborate ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=278148 | 710,200 |
360,857 | Some nations started rocket research before World War II, including for anti-aircraft use. Further research started during the war. The first step was unguided missile systems like the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch, which was fired in large numbers from "Z batteries", and were also fitted to warships. The firing of one ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=146640 | 360,668 |
1,523,772 | When creating hydrophobic concrete through a coating process, a coating is sprayed or brushed onto a porous surfaces. In most cases, it is applied to a regular concrete slab that then undergoes a corrosive process to expose more of the concrete's capillaries. This can be achieved by water blasting the surface at about ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10051447 | 1,522,911 |
385,959 | FLOPS and MIPS are units of measure for the numerical computing performance of a computer. Floating-point operations are typically used in fields such as scientific computational research. The unit MIPS measures integer performance of a computer. Examples of integer operation include data movement (A to B) or value tes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=82930 | 385,764 |
1,440,867 | Gorgonopsians were a group of carnivorous stem mammals with saber teeth that disappeared at the end of the Permian. Phylogenetic analysis has found "Viatkogorgon" to be one of the earliest-diverging gorgonopsians, after "Nochnitsa", also from Kotelnich. All other gorgonopsians appear to belong to two, later-diverging R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16984249 | 1,440,057 |
590,541 | Forty CA-1 Wirraways were constructed before the improved CA-3 variant entered production. Although there were detail changes to the design, the change in designation had more to do with the next batch of Wirraways being built to a different government contract than any real difference between the two sub-types. During... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3943778 | 590,239 |
13,449 | Within the first fraction of a second of the universe's existence, the four fundamental forces had separated. As the universe continued to cool down from its inconceivably hot state, various types of subatomic particles were able to form in short periods of time known as the quark epoch, the hadron epoch, and the lepto... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31880 | 13,444 |
2,013,305 | The fourth and final part of the book concerns other shapes than the Platonic solids. These include six Archimedean solids: the truncated tetrahedron (which appears also in an exercise in his "Trattato d'abaco"), and the truncations of the other four Platonic solids. The cuboctahedron, another Archimedean solid, is des... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=65240274 | 2,012,146 |
691,493 | Biosafety, in medicine and health care settings, specifically refers to proper handling of organs or tissues from biological origin, or genetic therapy products, viruses with respect to the environment, to ensure the safety of health care workers, researchers, lab staff, patients, and the general public. Laboratories a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=45259 | 691,130 |
576,965 | GDF Suez Bonaparte – a joint venture undertaken by the Australian oil and gas exploration company Santos (40%) and the French multi-international energy company GDF Suez (60%) – initialled awarded a pre-FEED contract for the Bonaparte FLNG project offshore Northern Australia. The first phase of the project calls for a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31835614 | 576,669 |
970,457 | A key challenge of the game is that players are not able to use breathing devices such as scuba gear whilst playing, they must hold their breath. The game originated in England in 1954 when Alan Blake, a founder of the newly formed Southsea Sub-Aqua Club, invented the game he called Octopush as a means of keeping the c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=488005 | 969,947 |
1,832,902 | FLS is a comprehensive web-based education module that includes a hands-on skills training component and assessment tool designed to teach the physiology, fundamental knowledge, and technical skills required in basic laparoscopic surgery. The goal of the program is to provide surgical residents, fellows and practicing ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26927694 | 1,831,854 |
1,139,071 | Milenkovich, cellist Ani Aznavoorian and pianist Adam Neiman formed the Corinthian Trio in 1998 while they were students at the Juilliard School and this trio performed extensively for the next decade. The collaboration of Milenkovich and Adam Neiman continues, often with violist Che-Yen (Brian) Chen. For example, thes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2948441 | 1,138,478 |
1,687,814 | Carbon emissions from permafrost thaw contribute to the same warming which facilitates the thaw, making it a positive climate change feedback. The warming also intensifies Arctic water cycle, and the increased amounts of warmer rain are another factor which increases permafrost thaw depths. The amount of carbon that wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27167234 | 1,686,868 |
124,367 | Variant of the R-36M carrying a single large reentry vehicle, with a warhead yield of 18-25 Mt, a distance of about . In January 1971, cold-launch tests began during which the mortar launch was perfected. The actual flight tests for the missile began on 21 February 1973, though some sources suggest that testing began i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1068559 | 124,316 |
141,300 | The ZX Spectrum Next (not to be confused with the older, two-processor ZX Next) is an expanded and updated version of the ZX Spectrum computer implemented with FPGA technology funded by a Kickstarter campaign in April 2017, with the board-only computer delivered to backers later that year. The finished machine, includi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34467 | 141,242 |
1,902,181 | The Spokane Regional Health District was notified of two hospitalized patients under intensive care with severe dehydration whose stool specimens yielded "Vibrio mimicus". Both had consumed crayfish, cooked but served warm, from a cooler that had not been cleaned before being used to serve the cooked crayfish. Leftover... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37002291 | 1,901,091 |
812,398 | The physical craniofacial deformities of PRS may be the result of a mechanical problem in which intrauterine growth of certain facial structures is restricted, or mandibular positioning is altered. One theory for the etiology of PRS is that, early in the first trimester of gestation, some mechanical factor causes the n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6013305 | 811,965 |
1,937,159 | A university library is important cultural and informational center of the University. It plays an important role in the educational process. The university electronic library expands the possibilities of using electronic resources. Since the beginning of 2010, a trial access to the economics and law database “Polpred ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28181548 | 1,936,051 |
107,200 | A -ton marble slab from a Carrara, Italy, quarry carved into statue called the "Portrait Monument" (originally known as the "Woman's Movement") by sculptor Adelaide Johnson was unveiled at the Capitol rotunda on February 15, 1921, six months after the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, on the 101st anniversary o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31670 | 107,155 |
2,122,774 | Not only does "P. pacificus" help pollinate avocados, thus helping to provide a calorie-dense plant-based food source for humans, but it also is commonly hunted by humans who eat the wasp larvae. Although insect eating is often portrayed as an archaic trait, among the Yukpa-Yuko Indians of Venezuela and Colombia, insec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43952399 | 2,121,554 |
1,320,286 | Kane was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers on September 7, 1862, and given command of the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XII Corps of the Army of the Potomac. This brigade was mustered out in March 1863 before Kane could lead it in combat. Kane was assigned a new brigade (now in the 2nd Division of the XII Corps)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4809391 | 1,319,560 |
1,446,805 | Weather and rough airstrips increased the amount of maintenance required to keep the planes flying. So too did the climate. The high humidity encouraged the growth of fungus which shorted out electrical components; metal surfaces were subject to corrosion; and lubrication oils evaporated in the high temperatures. Criti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51118476 | 1,445,989 |
1,315,463 | Despite their reputation, most brown bears are not highly carnivorous, as they derive up to 90% of their dietary food energy from vegetable matter. Brown bears often feed on a variety of plant life, including berries, grasses, flowers, acorns ("Quercus" ssp.) and pine cones as well as mosses and fungi such as mushrooms... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63866123 | 1,314,742 |
1,140,706 | Given the evidence for chromium deficiency causing problems with glucose management in the context of intravenous nutrition products formulated without chromium, research interest turned to whether chromium supplementation for people who have type 2 diabetes but are not chromium deficient could benefit. Looking at the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3011649 | 1,140,112 |
765,599 | The development and dissemination throughout industry of NC, CNC, PLC, and other control technologies provided a new way to control the movement of the milling cutter: via feeding information from a program to actuators (servos, selsyns, leadscrews, machine slides, spindles, and so on) that would move the cutter as the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24651 | 765,189 |
1,954,981 | The education is based on an integrated curriculum. In this program, systems within the human body are described from the simplest units such as the cell to more complex systems including pathologies, in subject committees. In Phase I, groups of subject committees form a whole curriculum for a given year. In addition, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39235741 | 1,953,859 |
10,266 | SDG 15 is to: "Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss". The proportion of forest area fell, from 31.9 per cent of total land area in 2000 to 31.2 per cent in 2020, repres... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38647790 | 10,262 |
1,476,030 | Smalley, the youngest of 4 siblings, was born in Akron, Ohio on June 6, 1943, to Frank Dudley Smalley, Jr., and Esther Virginia Rhoads. He grew up in Kansas City, Missouri. Richard Smalley credits his father, mother and aunt as formative influences in industry, science and chemistry. His father, Frank Dudley Smalley, J... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25814 | 1,475,198 |
676,516 | Mark 7 "Thor" (or Mk-7') was the first tactical fission bomb adopted by US armed forces. It was also the first weapon to be delivered using the toss method with the help of the low-altitude bombing system (LABS). The weapon was tested in Operation Buster-Jangle. To facilitate external carry by fighter-bomber aircraft, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3061138 | 676,163 |
1,078,428 | The 2021–22 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team represented the University of Iowa during the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by 12th-year head coach Fran McCaffery and played its home games at Carver–Hawkeye Arena as members of the Big Ten Conference. They finished the season 26–10, 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68239098 | 1,077,873 |
2,054,795 | The leadzyme is thought to have a highly dynamic structure. Many studies including NMR, X-ray crystallography and molecular modeling have revealed slightly different structures. Recently using time-resolved spectroscopy, it was shown that the active site of leadzyme is very dynamic. It samples a lot of different confor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11290659 | 2,053,612 |
2,104,694 | He studied science under George Birkbeck, the founder of the London Mechanics' Institute. For a while, he had a school with his brother Lewis, at Salisbury. Becoming known for original investigation, he was called to London, where he was appointed lecturer on experimental science at King's College School. During the 18... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12576013 | 2,103,481 |
1,659,665 | Although PTP1B is generally studied as a regulator of metabolism, some research suggest it may have a role in tumor development, though whether it is oncogenic or tumor suppressive is unclear, as there is data in support of both arguments. The high ROS concentrations within cancer cells provide an environment for poten... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14143072 | 1,658,732 |
1,003,839 | At the next stage, the envelope completely disappears, having been gathered up by the disk, and the protostar becomes a classical T Tauri star. The latter have accretion disks and continue to accrete hot gas, which manifests itself by strong emission lines in their spectrum. The former do not possess accretion disks. C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1661177 | 1,003,321 |
959,009 | The Magister was powered by a pair of Turbomeca Marbore turbojet engines, which provided 880 lb of thrust each; it was promoted as offering "twin-engine safety with single-engined flying characteristics". The two engines, which were placed close to the centre line, produced very little asymmetric thrust as a consequenc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2787106 | 958,503 |
1,587,530 | Besides his research contributions, Lakhotia is also well known for his many writings on education. He served as a member of one of the sub-committees of the National Knowledge Commission, sat in the Committee on Science Education of the International Council for Science (ICSU) in 2010 and was a member of its review pa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51864783 | 1,586,636 |
1,333,166 | The CMERI was founded in February 1958 under the endorsement of the CSIR. It was founded to develop national mechanical engineering technology, particularly in order to help Indian industries. During its first decade, the CMERI mainly focused its efforts towards national technology and import substitution. Currently, t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40286743 | 1,332,437 |
431,124 | The Faculty is very engaged in linking research and teaching to practice. Therefore, the outcomes of research in the areas start-up, consulting, and innovation directly benefit the faculty's Institute for Start-up and Innovation (BIEM CEIP), a central service institution for aspiring entrepreneurs. The Institute for Lo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4039448 | 430,912 |
274,502 | Since 2014, the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC) program and Techshot Inc have been working together to develop sealed biodomes that would employ colonies of oxygen-producing cyanobacteria and algae for the production of molecular oxygen (O) on Martian soil. But first they need to test if it works on a small... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4923933 | 274,354 |
1,989,987 | IMPRINT allows users to develop and run stochastic models of operator and team performance. IMPRINT includes three different modules: 1) Operations, 2) Maintenance, and 3) Forces. In the Operations module, IMPRINT users develop networks of discrete events (tasks) that are performed to achieve mission outcomes. These ta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51636312 | 1,988,845 |
1,611,739 | In 2013 Kreek set off with three other rowers, Markus Pukonen, Jordan Hanssen and Pat Fleming to attempt the first-ever row from mainland Africa to North America, recording it for classroom lessons in schools across the United States and Canada. 73 days into the 6,700-kilometre transatlantic rowing expedition the boat ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=922153 | 1,610,834 |
1,392,857 | He is an alumnus of St Mary’s High School Mumbai, St Xavier’s College Mumbai and IIT-Kanpur. He graduated from the City University of New York in 1978 (mentor Bunji Sakita) and his postdoctoral work at the University of Chicago (mentors Yoichiro Nambu and Leo Kadanoff). He joined the faculty of the Tata Institute of Fu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22665200 | 1,392,086 |
1,878,266 | He first worked as a research associate at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Massachusetts Institute of Technology for three years. In 1997, he became a principal investigator at the Samsung Biomedical Research Institute. In 1999, he left that position to be the CEO and CSO of ToolGen; a company he founded. ToolG... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63386548 | 1,877,186 |
211,117 | Allied Control Council Law No. 25 on the control of scientific research dated 29 April 1946 restricted German scientists to conducting basic research only, and on 11 July the Allied Control Council dissolved the KWS on the insistence of the Americans, who considered that it had been too close to the national socialist ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46825 | 211,010 |
5,463 | The success of ancient Egyptian civilization came partly from its ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River valley for agriculture. The predictable flooding and controlled irrigation of the fertile valley produced surplus crops, which supported a more dense population, and social development and culture. Wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=874 | 5,460 |
1,281,283 | Due to the change in equipment, the annual NATO deployments were taken over by the 4th Tactical Fighter Wing at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, in 1978; however they resumed (although not on an annual basis) in 1981. In the United States, training missions was refocused on dissimilar air combat tactics for multi-theate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16592751 | 1,280,587 |
1,763,735 | A better representation which can handle the large number of variables and parameters is called a bifurcation diagram (bifurcation theory): the presence of these special steady-state points at certain values of a parameter (e.g. mass) is represented by a point and once the parameter passes a certain value, a qualitativ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24044102 | 1,762,742 |
837,060 | MVCC introduces the challenge of how to remove versions that become obsolete and will never be read. In some cases, a process to periodically sweep through and delete the obsolete versions is implemented. This is often a stop-the-world process that traverses a whole table and rewrites it with the last version of each d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=218423 | 836,611 |
1,023,036 | Even though some people undergo spontaneous remission of symptoms within a year, many need treatment. The first step is the regulation of thyroid hormone levels. Topical lubrication of the eye is used to avoid corneal damage caused by exposure. Corticosteroids are efficient in reducing orbital inflammation, but the ben... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6024779 | 1,022,504 |
1,230,395 | The debates were then local events. However, during the Seminary's summer vacation of 1834, some of the students started teaching classes for and in other ways working to help the 1500 free African Americans of Cincinnati, with whom the students mixed freely. Given the pro-slavery sentiment in Cincinnati, many found hi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=364924 | 1,229,733 |
1,711,765 | One of the important properties of supramolecular polymers is their reversible interactions in the monomeric array. When the interaction between monomers are sufficiently strong, interesting material properties can be expected. The thermodynamic stability of a supramolecular polymer can be described using the associati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9176452 | 1,710,800 |
560,712 | Several challenges typically confront shRNA-based therapeutics. The most significant challenge is delivery. shRNA is typically delivered through use of a vector, and although they are generally efficient, they pose significant safety concerns. In particular, viral based gene therapy approaches have proved dangerous in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4560308 | 560,423 |
592,802 | The Middle Triassic was known to have consistent intervals of high levels of humidity. The circulation and movement of these humidity patterns, geographically, are not known however. The major Carnian Pluvial Event stands as one focus point of many studies. Different hypotheses of the events occurrence include eruption... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3029097 | 592,498 |
487,151 | Alan Turing, known for his work at the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park during the Second World War to decipher German encrypted messages, worked at the National Physical Laboratory from 1945 to 1947. He designed there the ACE (Automatic Computing Engine), which was one of the first designs f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=250381 | 486,901 |
1,769,726 | In the recent years, a number of automotive teams have been formed. The oldest, Team PNEC-NUST, formed in 2009, represents Pakistan in Shell Eco-Marathon Asia where they compete against teams from all over Asia on various metrics like Mileage, Design and Media Campaign. The NUST Formula Student (NFS) Team, formed in 20... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3559115 | 1,768,731 |
275,539 | Over the past decade, beekeepers across the US have reported that the mortality rate of their bee colonies has stayed constant at about 30% every year, making the deaths an expected cost of business for the beekeepers. While the exact cause of this phenomenon is unknown, according to the US Department of Agriculture Co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=233609 | 275,390 |
1,166,191 | In 2007, Harris Interactive surveyed 489 randomly selected members of either the American Meteorological Society or the American Geophysical Union for the Statistical Assessment Service (STATS) at George Mason University. The survey found 97% agreed that global temperatures have increased during the past 100 years; 84%... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34060450 | 1,165,574 |
572,286 | After a coolant leak on June 4, 2008, the European Commission set off an EU wide alarm through the European Community Urgent Radiological Information Exchange (ECURIE). The power plant was safely shut down to the hot zero power mode after a small leak in the cooling circuit. The leak was immediately located and treated... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9958535 | 571,993 |
866,420 | The paintings were most often made on wood, but sometimes on the less expensive canvas. The wood was usually oak, often imported from the Baltic region, with the preference for radially cut boards which are less likely to warp. Typically the sap was removed and the board well-seasoned before use. Wood supports allow fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=799881 | 865,960 |
1,948,569 | Intelligent systems have to be able to evolve, self-develop, and self-learn continuously in order to reflect a dynamically evolving environment. The concept of Evolving Intelligent Systems (EISs) was conceived around the turn of the century with the phrase EIS itself coined for the first time by Angelov and Kasabov in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30667214 | 1,947,455 |
739,915 | Buildup of DSBs more broadly leads to the degeneration of neurons, hindering the function of memory and learning processes. Due to their lack of cell division and high metabolic activity, neurons are especially prone to DNA damage. Additionally, an imbalance of DSBs and DNA repair molecules for neuronal-activity genes ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37626088 | 739,523 |
1,728,278 | In 1921, while still at LMU, Ewald published a paper on the theta function method of analyzing dipole fields in crystals, an offshoot from his earlier work on the dynamical theory of optics and X-rays in crystals, which appeared in three journal publications. According to Ewald, the impetus for the method came from a s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=780640 | 1,727,304 |
1,863,370 | The species was identified by Embley and his coworkers in the course of a vaccine development against trichomoniasis. The vaginal secretions of women suffering from trichomoniasis were examined for the presence of certain proposed "Lactobacillus" strains exhibiting mutualistic behavior with "Trichomonas vaginalis", fac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=64660078 | 1,862,300 |
2,236,787 | Clarkson opened at home against Victoria College. Three consecutive days of warm weather left the ice in poor shape but the teams fought through the conditions. "Light Horse Harry" Heintzman opened the scoring in the first but Tech was unable to add to the score in regulation. Fortunately, their defense was as reliable... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69314710 | 2,235,516 |
945,539 | The BWC sought to supplement the Geneva Protocol and was negotiated in the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament in Geneva from 1969 to 1972, following the conclusion of the negotiation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Of significance was a 1968 British proposal to separate consideration ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=337082 | 945,037 |
136,314 | Chandra worked closely with his students and expressed pride in the fact that over a 50-year period (from roughly 1930 to 1980), the average age of his co-author collaborators had remained the same, at around 30. He insisted that students address him as "Prof. Chandrasekhar" until they received their PhD degree, after ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=145319 | 136,259 |
1,480,584 | A stopgap solution for decarbonization at the price of increased costs (ignoring carbon pricing) and lower round trip efficiency is the replacement of currently used fossil fuels by Power to X derived fuels. While this approach has the advantage of being usable with existing technology with minimal or no modification, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21576157 | 1,479,750 |
957,956 | Also, the fine-tuning of the Universe is the apparent delicate balance of conditions necessary for human life. In this view, speculation about a vast range of possible conditions in which life cannot exist is used to explore the probability of conditions in which life can and does exist. For example, it can be argued t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30731 | 957,450 |
281,331 | The Warren J. Baker Center for Science and Mathematics was dedicated November 1, 2013. It replaced the aging "spider" Science Building 52, built in the 1950s, with a new structure. The $119 million, six-story building was made possible by voter-approved state education bonds and $18 million in private donations. The Ce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=433230 | 281,178 |
546,345 | The term "self-organized criticality" was first introduced in Bak, Tang and Wiesenfeld's 1987 paper, which clearly linked together those factors: a simple cellular automaton was shown to produce several characteristic features observed in natural complexity (fractal geometry, pink (1/f) noise and power laws) in a way t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=718855 | 546,059 |
1,446,160 | Witton elaborated in 2012 and 2013 on the idea that "Istiodactylus" was a scavenger. Scavenging birds have a mosaic of strong and weak elements in their skulls; they do not have to struggle with their prey, but need to be able to tear and pull morsels from cadavers. These birds also have relatively small eyes compared ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8560288 | 1,445,344 |
2,150,750 | In response to design tasks posed by the hosting organization, student teams prepare written, oral, poster, and bench-scale model presentations. The design tasks are "based on real-world environmental challenges" and usually relate to water and renewable energy. The challenges are developed with assistance from governm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31836835 | 2,149,519 |
158,133 | The 19-inch rack format with rack-units of was established as a standard by AT&T around 1922 in order to reduce the space required for repeater and termination equipment in a telephone company central office. The earliest repeaters from 1914 were installed in ad hoc fashion on shelves, in wooden boxes and cabinets. Onc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35836 | 158,052 |
1,675,805 | Eli Lilly used the Belsito & Company PR firm in a marketing campaign to promote Xigris, its drug for treatment of sepsis. A report in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) accused the company of initiating false reports of a shortage of the drug to boost sales. Belsito and Company spread the word that the drug was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1707323 | 1,674,863 |
327,843 | At 17, Monk toured with an evangelist, playing the church organ, and in his late teens he began to find work playing jazz. In the early to mid-1940s, he was the house pianist at Minton's Playhouse, a Manhattan nightclub. Much of Monk's style (in the Harlem stride tradition) was developed while he performed at Minton's ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=84250 | 327,669 |
997,838 | One of Westinghouse's engineers, William Stanley, recognised the problem with connecting transformers in series as opposed to parallel and also realised that making the iron core of a transformer a fully enclosed loop would improve the voltage regulation of the secondary winding. Using this knowledge he built the world... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=618077 | 997,320 |
937,662 | Diagnosis is very difficult, and usually one of exclusion. SMA syndrome is thus considered only after patients have undergone an extensive evaluation of their gastrointestinal tract including upper endoscopy, and evaluation for various malabsorptive, ulcerative and inflammatory intestinal conditions with a higher diagn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16740653 | 937,162 |
137,340 | For the first season, the series had a mostly positive reception. Tim Goodman of "The Hollywood Reporter" wrote "...the entertainment value and suspense of "Falling Skies" is paced just right. You get the sense that we'll get those answers eventually. And yet, you want to devour the next episode immediately." Thomas Co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30214103 | 137,284 |
364,276 | In 1934, the Joliot-Curies finally made the discovery that sealed their place in scientific history. Building on the work of Marie and Pierre Curie, who had isolated naturally occurring radioactive elements, the Joliot-Curies realised the alchemist's dream of turning one element into another: creating radioactive nitro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62070 | 364,086 |
445,138 | In the 1880s, the Beiyang Fleet was occupied with an annual routine of winter training cruises to the South China Sea, often in company with the Nanyang Fleet. This cruise typically involved visits to Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong provinces, and sometimes went as far south as stops in Southeast Asia. The rest of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2438589 | 444,923 |
712,149 | In the process, the substrate piece to be printed first goes through the entire painting process: surface preparation, priming, painting, and clear coating. Depending on some types of plastics, some substrates may also need to be flame treated before a base coat is applied. A PVA hydrographic film, which has been print... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24403155 | 711,777 |
862,587 | Although M-JPEG became the standard codec for NLE during the early 1990s, it had drawbacks. Its high computational requirements ruled out software implementations imposing extra cost and complexity of hardware compression/playback cards. More importantly, the traditional tape workflow had involved editing from videotap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70729 | 862,127 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.