doc_id int32 18 2.25M | text stringlengths 245 2.96k | source stringlengths 38 44 | __index_level_0__ int64 18 2.25M |
|---|---|---|---|
983,244 | The Hadza people of Tanzania also share food, possibly to gain in reputation. Hunters cannot be sharing meat mainly to provision their families or to gain reciprocal benefits, as teenage boys often give away their meat even though they do not yet have wives or children, so costly signalling of their qualities is the li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1318175 | 982,730 |
715,090 | The 003 was selected as the basis for a gas turbine development project for the German military's anticipated need for what is today called a turboshaft powerplant for multiple needs — this project was called the GT 101, using the 003 axial-flow turbojet as the starting point in mid-November 1944. Its original purpose ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=408868 | 714,716 |
199,519 | In 1906, Sven Wingquist patented the self-aligning ball bearings and in 1907 – the multi-row self-regulating radial ball bearing (spherical ball bearing). He graduated Orebro Technical Elementary School in 1894, whereafter he started working as an engineer in Swedish textile factories, respectively Jonsereds Fabriker f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=89744 | 199,416 |
551,768 | Structural proteins that bind DNA are well-understood examples of non-specific DNA-protein interactions. Within chromosomes, DNA is held in complexes with structural proteins. These proteins organize the DNA into a compact structure called chromatin. In eukaryotes, this structure involves DNA binding to a complex of sm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=966654 | 551,480 |
1,415,262 | In the 1970s, "Dunaliella" dominated the north arm planktonic community, since the waters were too salty for other algae to thrive. The organisms were horizontally and rather randomly distributed on the surface, especially in places with minimal sunlight such as underneath rocks and logs. They were found in densities o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13116468 | 1,414,465 |
1,988,833 | ALR was one of the first companies to license the Micro Channel architecture from IBM in 1988. The MicroFlex 7000, released in January 1989 and configured with a 25-MHz i386 and 16 MB of SIMM random-access memory, was billed as outpacing IBM's MCA-based PS/2 Model 70 due to the inclusion of a proprietary cache prefetch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69737291 | 1,987,691 |
759,212 | The first criticism concerns the origin of the impact melt rocks that were sampled at the Apollo landing sites. While these impact melts have been commonly attributed to having been derived from the closest basin, it has been argued that a large portion of these might instead be derived from the Imbrium basin. The Imbr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30864636 | 758,806 |
13,864 | Continuing improvements led to the furnace and bellows and provided, for the first time, the ability to smelt and forge gold, copper, silver, and lead native metals found in relatively pure form in nature. The advantages of copper tools over stone, bone and wooden tools were quickly apparent to early humans, and native... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29816 | 13,859 |
1,086,650 | A cannabinoid receptor antagonist, also known simply as a cannabinoid antagonist or as an anticannabinoid, is a type of cannabinoidergic drug that binds to cannabinoid receptors (CBR) and prevents their activation by endocannabinoids. They include antagonists, inverse agonists, and antibodies of CBRs. The discovery of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20207596 | 1,086,092 |
1,954,372 | Berkelium forms a number of chemical compounds, where it normally exists in an oxidation state of +3 or +4, and behaves similarly to its lanthanide analogue, terbium. Like all actinides, berkelium easily dissolves in various aqueous inorganic acids, liberating gaseous hydrogen and converting into the trivalent oxidatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31422050 | 1,953,250 |
1,062,058 | The chosen solid surface is then covered with a coating that must serve the simultaneous functions of immobilising the protein, preventing its denaturation, orienting it in the appropriate direction so that its binding sites are accessible, and providing a hydrophilic environment in which the binding reaction can occur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1659679 | 1,061,504 |
694,533 | Urey and Washburn attempted to use electrolysis to create pure heavy water. Their technique was sound, but they were beaten to it in 1933 by Lewis, who had the resources of the University of California at his disposal. Using the Born–Oppenheimer approximation, Urey and David Rittenberg calculated the properties of gase... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=453578 | 694,170 |
1,382,196 | A MALS measurement requires a set of ancillary elements. Most important among them is a collimated or focused light beam (usually from a laser source producing a collimated beam of monochromatic light) that illuminates a region of the sample. In modern instruments, the beam is generally plane-polarized perpendicular to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23959374 | 1,381,433 |
1,956,635 | In 2004, a prolonged drought affected the Chaco Region, which consists of the Departments of Santa Cruz, Chuquisaca and Tarija, threatened the food security, health and nutritional status of approximately 180,000 people, of which 15 percent were children. El Niño 2006/2007 event caused economic losses estimated at US$0... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18250180 | 1,955,511 |
474,674 | A detailed optical calibration model was included to map the transformation from sky to instrumental coordinates. Its adequacy could be verified by the detailed measurement residuals. The Earth's orbit, and the satellite's orbit with respect to the Earth, were essential for describing the location of the observer at ea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=207964 | 474,438 |
71,307 | The alkaline fuel cell (AFC) or hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell was designed and first demonstrated publicly by Francis Thomas Bacon in 1959. It was used as a primary source of electrical energy in the Apollo space program. The cell consists of two porous carbon electrodes impregnated with a suitable catalyst such as Pt, Ag,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11729 | 71,280 |
1,069,062 | Increasingly organic compounds are being found on objects throughout the Solar System. While unlikely to indicate the presence of extraterrestrial life, all known life is based on these compounds. Complex carbon molecules may form through various complex chemical interactions or delivered through impacts with small sol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34661457 | 1,068,508 |
333,512 | The AWM in the .338 Lapua Magnum (8.6×70mm) calibre was designed as a dedicated long range sniper rifle. The rifle is fitted with a stainless steel, fluted, barrel, which research has found to be the best compromise between muzzle velocity, weight, and length. The barrel has an unconventional 279 mm (1:11 in) right-han... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=737919 | 333,334 |
1,020,784 | Digital clocks and Internet gaming have spurred a wave of experimentation with more varied and complex time controls than the traditional standards. Time control is commonly used in modern chess in many different methodologies. One particularly notable development, which has gained quite wide acceptance in chess, was p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47653 | 1,020,255 |
238,318 | Technetium plays no natural biological role and is not normally found in the human body. Technetium is produced in quantity by nuclear fission, and spreads more readily than many radionuclides. It appears to have low chemical toxicity. For example, no significant change in blood formula, body and organ weights, and foo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30041 | 238,198 |
133,304 | Geology did not undergo systematic restructuring during the Scientific Revolution but instead existed as a cloud of isolated, disconnected ideas about rocks, minerals, and landforms long before it became a coherent science. Robert Hooke formulated a theory of earthquakes, and Nicholas Steno developed the theory of supe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14400 | 133,251 |
2,230,305 | A graduate of St. Francis College of Pennsylvania, where he had played basketball, forward Fred Fees enrolled in Georgetown University Law School and joined the team – permitted despite his undergraduate playing time under the eligibility rules of the era – for the first of four seasons with the Hoyas. A free-throw sho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41681804 | 2,229,040 |
286,072 | In physical cosmology, the Big Rip is a hypothetical cosmological model concerning the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the matter of the universe, from stars and galaxies to atoms and subatomic particles, and even spacetime itself, is progressively torn apart by the expansion of the universe at a certain time i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=192989 | 285,918 |
2,152,847 | At the end of 2020 Hayman said that it was still early days for the virus and while New Zealand had controlled the spread of the virus to that point, the country needed to be "patient and vigilant" and he looked forward to the increased uptake of the vaccines. As New Zealand moved from an elimination of the virus to a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70083782 | 2,151,616 |
535,162 | The Australian military suffered a series of defeats during the early months of the Pacific War. The 8th Division and RAAF squadrons in Malaya formed a part of the British Commonwealth forces which were unable to stop a smaller Japanese invasion force which landed on 7 December. The British Commonwealth force withdrew ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1323516 | 534,883 |
1,020,715 | Since 2005, the Genographic Project has used the latest genetic technology to expand our knowledge of the human story, and its pioneering use of DNA testing to engage and involve the public in the research effort has helped to create a new breed of "citizen scientist". Geno 2.0 expands the scope for citizen science, ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2155752 | 1,020,186 |
1,074,027 | It is of great importance to assign the NOESY peaks to the correct nuclei based on the chemical shifts. If this task is performed manually it is usually very labor-intensive, since proteins usually have thousands of NOESY peaks. Some computer programs such as PASD/XPLOR-NIH, UNIO, CYANA, ARIA/CNS, and AUDANA/PONDEROSA-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3654507 | 1,073,473 |
898,157 | In 2003, "PNAS" issued an editorial stating its policy on publication of sensitive material in the life sciences. "PNAS" stated that it would "continue to monitor submitted papers for material that may be deemed inappropriate and that could, if published, compromise the public welfare." This statement was in keeping wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=224259 | 897,683 |
1,484,824 | In 2000, Misawa, Kakihara and a large group of wrestlers left to form Pro Wrestling Noah, but he soon left the promotion because of a few personal problems with fellow wrestler Takao Omori. In his first and only match for NOAH, a six-man tag team match involving him, Yoshinari Ogawa and Daisuke Ikeda against Omori, Tak... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33960859 | 1,483,987 |
390,913 | Besides the enthusiasm that developed in the Latin and Byzantine worlds in the Middle Ages for Pythagorean numerology, the Pythagorean tradition of perfect numbers inspired profound scholarship in mathematics. In the 13th century Leonardo of Pisa, better known as Fibonacci, published the "Libre quadratorum" ("The Book ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=291170 | 390,718 |
653,711 | Seafood Watch, one of the better-known sustainable seafood advisory lists, recommends consumers avoid eating anguillid eels due to significant pressures on worldwide populations. Several species used as "unagi" have seen their population sizes greatly reduced in the past half century. Catches of the European eel, for e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2349109 | 653,367 |
1,174,085 | The Mukaiyama aldol reaction and the Sakurai reaction refer to the addition of silyl enol ethers and allylsilanes to carbonyl compounds, respectively. Only under Lewis acid catalysis do these reactions occur under synthetically useful conditions. Acyclic transition states are believed to be operating in both reactions ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37264695 | 1,173,463 |
164,392 | San Lorenzo Colossal Head 6 (also known as San Lorenzo Monument 17) is one of the smaller examples of colossal heads, standing . It measures wide by deep and is estimated to weigh between 8 and 10 tons. The head was discovered by a local farmworker and was excavated in 1965 by Luis Aveleyra and Román Piña Chan. The hea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35721801 | 164,307 |
1,598,684 | In his fifth book, "Manufacturing Militarism: U.S. Government Propaganda in the War on Terror", (Stanford University Press, 2021, ) also co-authored with Abigail R. Hall, they explain how propaganda operates in democratic politics and why it matters for citizens of democratic countries. They specifically focus on gover... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13784343 | 1,597,784 |
1,708,401 | The first step towards the electric piano was by Harold Rhodes who developed various prototypes using parts from B-17 aircraft that were being scrapped. He received a medal since the resulting keyboard was used as therapy for people rehabilitating from injuries from WW2. (It is small enough to set on a stand over a pat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56945879 | 1,707,443 |
1,156,880 | Unlike many other sensory systems, the human visual system – components from the eye to neural circuits – develops largely after birth, especially in the first few years of life. At birth, visual structures are fully present yet immature in their potentials. From the first moment of life, there are a few innate compone... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5209682 | 1,156,269 |
235,203 | Adult patients with congenital cardiac disease are on the rise at a rate of about 5% per year, outpacing the pediatric population. Right ventricular volume overload form pulmonary insufficiency, right ventricular aneurysm from outflow patch or ventriculotomy, distal pulmonary artery obstruction, ventricular hypertrophy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=242284 | 235,084 |
4,002 | "God of War III" was first mentioned by Cory Barlog at a "God of War II" launch event, and it was officially announced at the 2008 Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3). After serving as game director during the first eight months of development, Barlog left Santa Monica for other opportunities and Stig Asmussen took on t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16282491 | 4,002 |
55,733 | Like the naval (1B) version, Centurion uses Ku-band radar and FLIR to detect and track incoming projectiles, and is also capable of engaging surface targets, with the system able to reach a minus-25-degree elevation. The Centurion is reportedly capable of defending a area. One major difference between the land- and sea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=89872 | 55,710 |
827,698 | The field of statistical mechanics (beginning with the work of Ludwig Boltzmann in developing the Boltzmann equation) relieved many physicists of this concern. From this discipline, we now know that macroscopic properties may all be determined from properties on a microscopic scale where entropy is more "real" than tem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1075005 | 827,254 |
645,645 | Reflecting the varied electrification schemes on the Northeast Corridor the locomotives could operate at three different voltages: 11 kV 25 Hz AC, 12.5 kV 60 Hz AC and 25 kV 60 Hz. A pair of Faiveley DS-11 two-stage pantographs, one at each end of the locomotive, collected power from the overhead catenary wire. Thyrist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=390246 | 645,305 |
719,346 | The tendency is to relate equivalence partitioning to so called black box testing which is strictly checking a software component at its interface, without consideration of internal structures of the software. But having a closer look at the subject there are cases where it applies to grey box testing as well. Imagine ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1709984 | 718,966 |
566,676 | The state retained the monopoly of issuing coinage, and had the power to intervene in other important sectors of the economy. It exercised formal control over interest rates, and set the parameters for the activity of the guilds and corporations in Constantinople, in which the state has a special interest (e.g. the sal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11418423 | 566,386 |
629,348 | In 1964, Ingo Rechenberg and Hans-Paul Schwefel introduce the paradigm of evolution strategies in Germany. Since traditional gradient descent techniques produce results that may get stuck in local minima, Rechenberg and Schwefel proposed that random mutations (applied to all parameters of some solution vector) may be u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=268020 | 629,010 |
818,965 | One of the first true tests of this new technology was in the aftermath of the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre in 1929. During the Prohibition Era, competing gang members were fighting over bootlegging operations within the city of Chicago. Members of the Chicago Outfit and the Egan's Rats led by Al Capone attempted to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50103453 | 818,525 |
1,926,255 | The polymerase chain reaction is the most widely used method for "in vitro" DNA amplification for purposes of molecular biology and biomedical research. This process involves the separation of the double-stranded DNA in high heat into single strands (the denaturation step, typically achieved at 95–97 °C), annealing of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=803558 | 1,925,151 |
166,060 | Presently, treatments make it possible for quicker recovery. If the tear is not serious, physical therapy, compression, elevation and icing the knee can heal the meniscus. Meniscus tears are more likely to heal on their own if they are in what physicians call the "red zone," or the outer edge of the meniscus where bloo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15435205 | 165,975 |
341,035 | Stock: H-S Precision PST-024, the model with the fixed cheek piece, adjustable LOP and hinged floorplate. The stock secures the action via an aluminum bedding block to keep it rigid. The barrel is free floating. A twin-strut extension that pulls out of the butt allows a 2-inch [50.8mm] adjustment to length-of-pull, as ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=504626 | 340,854 |
1,185,325 | One answer to this problem was advanced by the followers of Pythagoras (c. 582–507 BC), who saw number as the fundamental unchanging entity underlying all the structure of the universe. Although it is difficult to separate fact from legend, it appears that some Pythagoreans believed matter to be made up of ordered arra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1694427 | 1,184,696 |
1,184,450 | Measurement of the system's state at this point would reveal an up spin at position 1 or a down spin at position −1, both with probability 1/2. Repeating the procedure would correspond to a classical simple random walk on formula_25. In order to observe non-classical motion, no measurement is performed on the state at ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12485744 | 1,183,823 |
446,192 | Metaigneous and metavolcanic rocks form the largest component of cratons and are high in silica. Igneous and volcanic rocks are also high in silica but with non-metamorphosed rock, weathering becomes faster and the mobilization of ions is more widespread. Rocks high in silica produce silicic acid as a weathering produc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1203155 | 445,976 |
36,499 | In November 1960, John F. Kennedy was elected president after a campaign that promised American superiority over the Soviet Union in the fields of space exploration and missile defense. Up to the election of 1960, Kennedy had been speaking out against the "missile gap" that he and many other senators felt had developed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1461 | 36,487 |
1,211,758 | Expedition 2 March 8 to August 22, 2001, was a mission to the International Space Station and Helms was a member of the second crew to inhabit the International Space Station Alpha. The "Expedition 2" crew (two American astronauts and one Russian cosmonaut) launched on March 8, 2001, on board STS-102 "Discovery" and su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=604816 | 1,211,106 |
1,867,839 | Aichi Prefecture is undertaking to nurture and promote the aerospace industry in response to the designation of "Asia No. 1 Aerospace Industry Cluster Formation Special Zone" in the International Special Strategy Comprehensive Special Zone, and around the Nagoya Aerodrome have long since been Mitsubishi Heavy Industrie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55658672 | 1,866,763 |
1,381,469 | Mathematical Reviews was founded by Otto E. Neugebauer in 1940 as an alternative to the German journal "Zentralblatt für Mathematik", which Neugebauer had also founded a decade earlier, but which under the Nazis had begun censoring reviews by and of Jewish mathematicians. The goal of the new journal was to give reviews... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1485646 | 1,380,706 |
911,639 | AMQP 1.0 was released by the AMQP working group on 30 October 2011, at a conference in New York. At the event Microsoft, Red Hat, VMware, Apache, INETCO and IIT Software demonstrated software running the protocol in an interoperability demonstration. The next day, on 1 November 2011, the formation of an OASIS Technical... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5657545 | 911,160 |
1,359,295 | The Tendaguru Beds as a fossil deposit were first discovered in 1906, when German pharmacist, chemical analyst and mining engineer Bernhard Wilhelm Sattler, on his way to a mine south of the Mbemkure River in German East Africa (today Tanzania), was shown by his local staff enormous bones weathering out of the path nea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9955111 | 1,358,544 |
2,172,883 | The initiative began in 2001, funded from the state's settlement with the tobacco industry. Other life sciences greenhouses in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh also received seed money from the settlement. LSGPA partners with a range of institutions, including local research universities, colleges, medical centers, economic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8731629 | 2,171,641 |
308,653 | The "rough form" of LPS has a lower molecular weight due to the absence of the O polysaccharide. In its place is a short oligosaccharide: this form is known as Lipooligosaccharide (LOS), and is a glycolipid found in the outer membrane of some types of Gram-negative bacteria, such as "Neisseria" spp. and "Haemophilus" s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=412942 | 308,488 |
1,527,602 | Richard Fikentscher got Semm interested in the treatment of infertility. In 1957, Fikentscher, Semm and three other physicians founded of the Deutsche Gesellschaft zum Studium der Fertilität und Sterilität, renamed Deutsche Gesellschaft für Reproduktionsmedizin in 1998. In the 1960s Semm started to use laparoscopy – he... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47818248 | 1,526,738 |
628,146 | Also in 1976 Videcom international with British Airways, British Caledonian and CCL launched Travicom, the world's first multi-access reservations system (wholly based on Videcom technology), forming a network providing distribution for initially two and subsequently 49 subscribing international airlines (including Bri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1155952 | 627,811 |
1,179,805 | Flanagan's work was carried out as part of the Aviation Psychology Program of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II, where Flanagan conducted a series of studies focused on differentiating effective and ineffective work behaviors. Flanagan went on to found American Institutes for Research continuing to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2943250 | 1,179,181 |
1,226,931 | For simplicity's sake, these random percentages have been assigned to the six cost drivers of transportation this example entails. After this step, the cost drivers are being analyzed while the analyzing party (be it the business itself or an external agency) tries to examine possibilities to cut current expenses. The ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48763967 | 1,226,270 |
1,677,365 | The Etruscans, like the contemporary cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome had a persistent military tradition. In addition to marking the rank and power of certain individuals in Etruscan culture, warfare was a considerable economic boon to Etruscan civilization. Like many ancient societies, the Etruscans conduc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21563120 | 1,676,423 |
1,342,853 | In January 2004 SEAS was evaluated by the Joint Innovation and Experimentation Directorate (J9) of the US Joint Forces Command (JFCOM) for its ability to help simulate "the non-kinetic aspects of combat, things like the diplomatic, economic, political, infrastructure and social issues" at the Purdue Technology Park dur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12018606 | 1,342,117 |
1,712,283 | The goal of the plasma generators is to convert the electric energy into the energy of charged and neutral particles – electrons, ions, atoms and molecules – which then would produce large quantities of chemical compounds of hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen, in particular short-lived highly reactive species. Bombardment o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8198899 | 1,711,318 |
1,448,472 | Other proof-of-concept applications under review involve high sensitivity biological and chemical sensing. They may enable the development of optical sensors that exploit the confinement of surface plasmons within a certain type of Fabry-Perot nano-resonator. This tailored confinement allows efficient detection of spec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30869356 | 1,447,656 |
639,347 | A diver at the end of a long or deep dive may need to do decompression stops to avoid decompression sickness, also known as "the bends". Metabolically inert gases in the diver's breathing gas, such as nitrogen and helium, are absorbed into body tissues when breathed under high pressure, mainly during the deep phase of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=291242 | 639,008 |
1,064,565 | Cylinder deactivation is achieved by keeping the intake and exhaust valves closed for a particular cylinder. By keeping the intake and exhaust valves closed, it creates an "air spring" in the combustion chamber – the trapped exhaust gases (kept from the previous charge burn) are compressed during the piston’s upstroke ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1390282 | 1,064,011 |
1,216,458 | He became a prominent figure of nineteenth-century Australian science and became involved in significant issues of Australian and New Guinea history. Writing letters to Australian papers, Miklouho-Maclay expressed his opposition to the labour and slave trade ("blackbirding") in Australia, New Caledonia and the Pacific,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1550260 | 1,215,806 |
156,516 | The star hosts four other planets discovered so far, although Kepler-186 b, c, d, and e (in order of increasing orbital radius), being too close to their star, are considered too hot to have liquid water. The four innermost planets are probably tidally locked, but Kepler-186f is in a higher orbit, where the star's tida... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42518279 | 156,444 |
177,507 | "Total Quality Management (TQM) in the Department of Defense is a strategy for continuously improving performance at every level, and in all areas of responsibility. It combines fundamental management techniques, existing improvement efforts, and specialized technical tools under a disciplined structure focused on cont... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=143996 | 177,415 |
1,894,502 | The Tigers worked their way back into post-season contention, though, with a three-game winning streak. First, Missouri edged Baylor by seven points on Valentine's Day. Three days later, Anderson won his first game against a ranked opponent by beating 18th-ranked Oklahoma State 75-64 at Gallagher-Iba Arena, a tradition... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21438663 | 1,893,418 |
1,671,931 | As a result of globalization, supply chains are becoming increasingly more complex. Outsourcing and rising end user quality expectations have resulted in a higher demand for independent TIC services. Businesses are aiming to ensure that products, infrastructures and processes meet the required standards and regulations... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56319253 | 1,670,990 |
443,821 | Early commercial digital synthesizers used simple hard-wired digital circuitry to implement techniques such as additive synthesis and FM synthesis. Other techniques, such as wavetable synthesis and physical modeling, only became possible with the advent of high-speed microprocessor and digital signal processing technol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8247 | 443,606 |
1,613,173 | In August 2012, China's National Energy Administration formed a consortium of companies and research institutes, led by the Hydropower and Water Resources Planning and Design General Institute (also known as China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute), to investigate DTP. A bilateral agreement on DTP cooperation was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28748337 | 1,612,268 |
370,488 | To support the Mars-2020 mission, USGS used photos by the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) to produce Context Camera (CTX) and Digital Terrain Models (DTM) and orthoimage mosaics. Those images were used by the Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN) feature on the "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56300556 | 370,294 |
1,308,674 | In November and December 1941, the United States National Defense Research Committee conducted extensive tests between the American Bausch and Lomb M1 stereoscopic rangefinder and the British Barr and Stroud FQ 25 and UB 7 coincidence rangefinders, and concluded "that the tests indicate no important difference in the p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13817915 | 1,307,958 |
746,855 | Although cicada killers are large, female cicada-killer wasps are not aggressive and rarely sting unless they are grasped roughly, stepped upon with bare feet, or caught in clothing. One author who has been stung indicates that for him, the stings are not much more than a "pinprick". Males aggressively defend their per... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=648060 | 746,460 |
2,097,501 | The XBI technique has been shown to be a sensitive method for spatially resolved mapping of the local orientational properties of anisotropic materials. In the case of organic materials, the technique may be applied to study the orientational properties of individual molecules and/or bonds (most applications of the tec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=65426864 | 2,096,293 |
939,666 | Other cross-market LCOE estimates are criticized for basing their calculation on undisclosed portfolio of cherry-picked projects that were significantly delayed due to various reasons, but not include projects that were built in time and within the budget. For example, Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), based on undi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10838742 | 939,165 |
1,308,721 | The primary method of evaluation is a comparison of the predicted model α-carbon positions with those in the target structure. The comparison is shown visually by cumulative plots of distances between pairs of equivalents α-carbon in the alignment of the model and the structure, such as shown in the figure (a perfect m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=461517 | 1,308,005 |
1,483,805 | Isotopic reference materials exist for non-traditional isotope systems (elements other than hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur), including lithium, boron, magnesium, calcium, iron, and many others. Because the non-traditional systems were developed relatively recently, the reference materials for these syst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=52796143 | 1,482,969 |
347,565 | Oconee Forest Park, Lake Herrick, and the Herrick Creek Loop are facilities for use and enjoyment of UGA students and staff. Named for Allyn M. Herrick, former Dean of the School of Forest Resources, Lake Herrick was commissioned by the School in 1982 as a recreational resource for UGA. Lake Herrick is a prominent feat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=378232 | 347,384 |
1,060,056 | The Mint prepared pattern coins with a much smaller eagle in 1858, which struck well, but which officials disliked. Snowden directed Longacre to prepare various patterns that he could select from for a new piece to replace the Flying Eagle cent as of January 1, 1859. The Mint produced between 60 and 100 sets of twelve ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3342184 | 1,059,505 |
25,268 | Programming languages differ from most other forms of human expression in that they require a greater degree of precision and completeness. When using a natural language to communicate with other people, human authors and speakers can be ambiguous and make small errors, and still expect their intent to be understood. H... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23015 | 25,259 |
151,726 | On 27 April 2013, Steck was climbing on the Lhotse Face, above Camp 3 of the Southeast Ridge route of Mount Everest. He was climbing with Simone Moro and Jonathan Griffith when they passed a group of 17 Sherpa climbers who were fixing rope for the rest of the teams on the mountain. There are conflicting accounts from b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28873789 | 151,658 |
304,718 | During the early 20th century, before the development and availability of coated arc welding electrodes in the late 1920s that were capable of making sound welds in steel, oxy-acetylene welding was the only process capable of making welds of exceptionally high quality in virtually all metals in commercial use at the ti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12414930 | 304,556 |
549,820 | Neutral density (ND) filters have a constant attenuation across the range of visible wavelengths, and are used to reduce the intensity of light by reflecting or absorbing a portion of it. They are specified by the optical density (OD) of the filter, which is the negative of the common logarithm of the transmission coef... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741823 | 549,532 |
562,289 | When German children from forest kindergartens went to primary school, teachers observed a significant improvement in reading, writing, mathematics, social interactions and many other areas. A yearlong study was done where a group of 9th and 12th grade students learned through outdoor education. The focus was on raisin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2515017 | 562,000 |
1,287,850 | Uniformitarianism held the field against the competitor theories of Neptunism and catastrophism, which partook of Romantic science and theological cosmogony; it established itself as the successor of Plutonism, and became the foundation of modern geology. Its tenets were correspondingly firmly held. Charles Lyell put f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33809974 | 1,287,149 |
560,433 | Photosensitizers have existed within natural systems for as long as chlorophyll and other light sensitive molecules have been a part of plant life, but studies of photosensitizers began as early as the 1900s, where scientists observed photosensitization in biological substrates and in the treatment of cancer. Mechanist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2825553 | 560,144 |
1,376,359 | Ph.D. candidates in the department conduct independent research under supervision of a faculty member. After completing a series of introductory-level courses, graduate students specialize in at least two special or advanced topics within the discipline. Notably, students must demonstrate proficiency in one foreign lan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58434209 | 1,375,597 |
1,358,943 | In 2004, World Vision Australia and World Vision Ethiopia initiated a forestry-based carbon sequestration project as a potential means to stimulate community development while engaging in environmental restoration. A partnership with the World Bank, the Humbo Community-based Natural Regeneration Project involved the re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10432337 | 1,358,192 |
500,256 | Some early SLRs featured a built-in CdS meter, usually on the front left side of the top plate, as in the Minolta SR-7. Other manufacturers, such as Miranda and Nikon introduced a CdS prism which fitted to their interchangeable prism SLR cameras. Nikon's early Photomic finder utilized a cover in front of the cell which... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3193137 | 499,999 |
437,490 | With the advent of film and graphic animation, the possibility of matching text and motion emerged. Examples of animated letter-forms appeared as early as 1899 in the advertising work of George Melies. Early feature films contained temporal typography, but this was largely static text, presented sequentially and subjec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1233314 | 437,276 |
1,713,694 | For its next installation, on the Northern Central line between Baltimore, MD and Harrisburg, PA in 1926 (1927?), the PRR tested another variation of cab signals which dropped the loop signal and switched to 100 Hz for the track signal. The pivotal change was that now it would come on above Restricting merely as a carr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22377127 | 1,712,728 |
115,640 | Since about 1998, beginning with Mac OS 8.6, Apple has included the Dvorak layout. It can be activated with the Keyboard Control Panel and selecting "Dvorak". The setting is applied once the Control Panel is closed out. Apple also includes a Dvorak variant they call "Dvorak – Qwerty ⌘". With this layout, the keyboard t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26301345 | 115,595 |
1,722,899 | There was now enough new data to justify revising the APG system, and a new classification was issued in 2003. Although this resulted in changes within the orders, it did not affect the relationship between them. Lilioid monocots were discussed but not formally recognized (commelinids, renamed from commelinoids, being ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30176361 | 1,721,929 |
304,556 | When a cell discharges, the lead and diluted acid undergo a chemical reaction that produces lead sulfate and water. When a cell is subsequently charged, the lead sulfate and water are turned back into lead and acid. In all lead–acid battery designs, charging current must be adjusted to match the ability of the battery ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5897558 | 304,394 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.