doc_id int32 18 2.25M | text stringlengths 245 2.96k | source stringlengths 38 44 | __index_level_0__ int64 18 2.25M |
|---|---|---|---|
1,709,619 | The Padma Shri award was awarded to Kumar in 2007 by the 13th President of India, Shri Pranab Mukherjee. It is the fourth highest civilian award in India, given for services in medicine. The President of India has also conferred Dr. B.C. Roy National award to him for excellence in field of medicine in the category of E... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55331335 | 1,708,660 |
2,091,953 | Hay was educated at Bradfield and University College, Oxford. He was commissioned in the Dorsetshire Regiment in 1914 and served during World War I in Mesopotamia. He transferred to the Indian Army and was attached to the 24th Punjabis, being appointed Quarter-Master 30 October 1916. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 19... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18681419 | 2,090,748 |
2,186,416 | "S. tenerum" is an erect annual plant that grows from 3 to 20 cm tall. Obovate or orbicular leaves, about 4-10 per plant, form basal rosettes. The leaves are generally 4–17.5 mm long and 3–8 mm wide. This species generally has one to seven scapes and cymose inflorescences that are 3–20 cm long. Flowers are white. "S. t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12160930 | 2,185,168 |
639,591 | In traditional operating systems, programs often communicate with each other and with storage using references like those in the first two examples. Path names are often passed as command-line parameters, sent via sockets, and stored on disk. These references are not capabilities, and must be validated before they can ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=539717 | 639,252 |
1,977,475 | Although the next two years didn't produce much success at nationals (UMass failed to win a game at the tournament in both 2015 and 2016), particularly compared to the three straight final four runs of 2012 through 2014, they were marked by gains in other areas. For example, after a lengthy stretch of Rhode Island domi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54095645 | 1,976,337 |
250 | In late 2013, a team led by the Irish physicist Cormac O'Raifeartaigh discovered evidence that, shortly after learning of Hubble's observations of the recession of the nebulae, Einstein considered a steady-state model of the universe. In a hitherto overlooked manuscript, apparently written in early 1931, Einstein explo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=736 | 250 |
1,608,803 | Edge cases include Vesta and some of the larger moons, which show differentiation but are assumed to have since fully solidified. The question of whether Earth's Moon has solidified, or retains some molten layers, has not been definitively answered. Additionally, differentiation processes are expected to vary along a c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46528307 | 1,607,898 |
464,907 | Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the most active and mobile carbon pools and has an important role in global carbon cycling. In addition, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) affects the soil negative electrical charges denitrification process, acid-base reactions in the soil solution, retention and translocation of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4236528 | 464,677 |
1,506,567 | Tyson then notes that humans have discovered means of harvesting solar power. At the 1878 World's Fair Augustin Mouchot won a gold medal for his solar power concentrator. In 1913 Frank Shuman constructed a solar powered irrigation plant in Egypt, with a view to transforming Sahara to arable land. Tyson points out that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42926364 | 1,505,721 |
462,312 | Cardiac MRI does not pose any specific risks compared to other indications for imaging and is considered a safe technique that avoids ionizing radiation. Gadolinium based contrast medium is frequently used in CMR and has been associated with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, predominantly using linear compounds in patient... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13791336 | 462,083 |
82,230 | To avoid detection by users, some viruses employ different kinds of deception. Some old viruses, especially on the DOS platform, make sure that the "last modified" date of a host file stays the same when the file is infected by the virus. This approach does not fool antivirus software, however, especially those which m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18994196 | 82,196 |
1,414,124 | He was associate director of research at the Westinghouse Electric Company in Pittsburgh, beginning in 1937, where he established research programs in nuclear physics, solid-state physics, and mass spectroscopy. He then headed the company's research on microwave radar development. He also worked on the equipment used t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1907745 | 1,413,328 |
2,035,101 | Diffusion MRI involves calculating the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the hyperpolarized gas. Diffusion-sensitizing gradients are applied to induce diffusion based attenuation to calculate the ADC. These gradients have an associated b-value, which represents the strength and duration of the gradients. At least... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69441969 | 2,033,928 |
1,887,026 | The first step in developing knowledge of a system as complex as natural language is learning to distinguish the important language-specific classes of sounds, called phonemes, that distinguish meaning between words. UBC psychologist Janet Werker, since her influential series of experiments in the 1980s, has been one o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35676775 | 1,885,944 |
1,014,087 | Like many other alkaloids, the basic nitrogen atom in one of the six-membered ring structure of aconitine can easily form salts and ions, giving it affinity for both polar and lipophilic structures (such as cell membranes and receptors) and making it possible for the molecule to pass the blood–brain barrier. The acetox... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=59990 | 1,013,566 |
1,530,756 | Pitchers arise from the end of the tendril, forming a tightly appressed curve. Lower pitchers are ovate to infundibuliform in shape and may be up to 26 cm high and 15 cm wide. A pair of ribs runs down the front of the pitcher, sometimes bearing fringe elements (≤3 mm wide) near the peristome. The pitcher mouth is oval ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3790057 | 1,529,890 |
943,815 | Seasonally, when food supplies become short, they leave the hill and form marching columns of up to 50,000,000 ants, which are considered a menace to people, though they can be easily avoided; a column can only travel about 20 metres in an hour. It is for those unable to move, or when the columns pass through homes, th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1991724 | 943,313 |
2,010,726 | The most important measure in controlling PNRSV is through planting of certified virus-free trees. Tree nurseries producing propagative material can use thermotherapy (keeping cultures at 38˚ C for at least 20 days), and/or apical meristem cultures to eliminate PNRSV. Prompt removal of infected trees is often recommend... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12386452 | 2,009,573 |
1,946,954 | Following the political tension by Egypt and Syria, reconnaissance flights became evermore difficult. In 1979, then, Israel's DMI, Major General Yehoshua Sagi told the defense ministry that the only solution was overhead photography satellite which would bypass the political obstacles and take imagery of points of inte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41133206 | 1,945,841 |
1,579,485 | Convergent extension (CE), sometimes called convergence and extension (C&E), is the process by which the tissue of an embryo is restructured to converge (narrow) along one axis and extend (elongate) along a perpendicular axis by cellular movement. An example of this process is where the anteroposterior axis (the axis d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10959358 | 1,578,595 |
91,393 | Also, for the first time, the limits of mathematics were explored. Niels Henrik Abel, a Norwegian, and Évariste Galois, a Frenchman, proved that there is no general algebraic method for solving polynomial equations of degree greater than four (Abel–Ruffini theorem). Other 19th-century mathematicians used this in their ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14220 | 91,353 |
891,937 | where formula_6 is colatitude and formula_7 is longitude, formula_8 is time, formula_9 and formula_10 are the densities of ice and water, respectively, formula_11 is the reference surface gravity, formula_12 is the sea–level Green's function (dependent upon the formula_13 and formula_14 viscoelastic load–deformation co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=598434 | 891,468 |
404,146 | Recent studies indicate that substances commonly used to clean the root canal space incompletely sterilize the canal. A properly restored tooth following root canal therapy yields long-term success rates near 97%. In a large-scale study of over 1.6 million patients who had root canal therapy, 97% had retained their tee... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11848762 | 403,946 |
992,994 | Having replaced all the formula_34 in the model with such basis expansions we have turned the GAM into a generalized linear model (GLM), with a model matrix that simply contains the basis functions evaluated at the observed formula_35 values. However, because the basis dimensions, formula_25, have been chosen to be a s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3608284 | 992,477 |
599,883 | The rotameric states of side chains and their internal packing arrangement also present difficulties in homology modeling, even in targets for which the backbone structure is relatively easy to predict. This is partly due to the fact that many side chains in crystal structures are not in their "optimal" rotameric state... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7026278 | 599,577 |
1,447,194 | His year-long sabbatical in 1970 as a visiting fellow at Robert Hutchins' Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions in Santa Barbara, California was seminal, leading to the conception and development of what he later called Anticipatory Systems Theory, itself a corollary of his larger theoretical work on relation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275026 | 1,446,378 |
108,883 | Thackeray and his colleagues recognise that Terminal Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions in southern Africa (Antidorcas bondi, Megalotragus priscus, Syncerus antiquus, and Equus capensis) may be attributed to both environmental change and human predation within a period of time before and after 12,800 cal yr BP. However... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11338425 | 108,838 |
696,413 | Using a CP/M-80 manual as reference Paterson modeled 86-DOS after its architecture and interfaces, but adapted to meet the requirements of Intel's 8086 16-bit processor, for easy (and partially automated) source-level translatability of the many existing 8-bit CP/M programs; porting them to either DOS or CP/M-86 was ab... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=191506 | 696,049 |
830,068 | The S.XIII featured relatively conventional construction, that being a wire-braced biplane with a box-shaped fuselage and a front-mounted engine, except for its interposed wing struts located half-way along the wing span, which gave the fighter the deceptive appearance of being a double-bay aircraft instead of a single... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=969076 | 829,621 |
1,867,019 | Hardware Testing of Electric Hot Water Heaters Providing Energy Storage and Demand Response Through Model Predictive Control is from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, written by Halamay, D.A., Starrett, M and Brekken, T.K.A. The author first discusses that a classical steady state model commonly used f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=65722701 | 1,865,944 |
1,999,757 | An example is TerraSAR-X, which is a German Earth-Observation satellite. Its major payload is an X-band (3.1 cm) radar sensor, with different modes of operation, which allows it to provide multiple imaging modes for recording images with different swath width, resolution and polarizations, see the figure for more detai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=52292265 | 1,998,613 |
708,399 | At Pennsylvania, Sapir was urged to work at a quicker pace than he felt comfortable. His "Grammar of Southern Paiute" was supposed to be published in Boas' "Handbook of American Indian Languages", and Boas urged him to complete a preliminary version while funding for the publication remained available, but Sapir did no... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9321 | 708,030 |
712,906 | The yeast "S. cerevisiae" was the model organism used during the two-hybrid technique's inception. It is commonly known as the Y2H system. It has several characteristics that make it a robust organism to host the interaction, including the ability to form tertiary protein structures, neutral internal pH, enhanced abili... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2015367 | 712,534 |
2,160,969 | SBCADD is included as a secondary target condition in most newborn screening programs, as the key analyte is the same as is used to identify isovaleric acidemia. Most cases have been Hmong individuals, who are asymptomatic. There are isolated case reports where individuals have been identified with SBCADD in addition t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5295660 | 2,159,736 |
662,279 | Yang wrote the "Avatar: The Last Airbender" comics series for Dark Horse Comics, the first volume of which was released in January 2012. Yang's graphic novel, "Boxers & Saints", which was published by First Second Books in September 2013. In July 2016, DC Comics released the first issue of "New Super-Man", featuring a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7619558 | 661,934 |
283,506 | Though evolutionary psychology has traditionally focused on individual-level behaviors, determined by species-typical psychological adaptations, considerable work has been done on how these adaptations shape and, ultimately govern, culture (Tooby and Cosmides, 1989). Tooby and Cosmides (1989) argued that the mind consi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9703 | 283,353 |
1,515,064 | The first dedicated accident and emergency (A&E) service in Britain was associated with the building of the Manchester Ship Canal, 1887–1894, rather than railways. However, the civil engineer in charge, Thomas A. Walker, had a background in railway construction around the world, particularly in Canada where he had expe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23667782 | 1,514,213 |
102,399 | In the Netherlands, there is the informal title "dokter" for physicians, but not "doctor" (dr.), unless they also earn such degree by completing a PhD curriculum. Furthermore, the "" degree does not give a medical student the right to treat patients; for this a minimum of two years additional study (internships) is req... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=167241 | 102,354 |
1,312,739 | Since Halliday's initial comments, ecolinguistics has developed in several directions, employing a range of linguistic tools to investigate language in an ecological context. The International Ecolinguistics Association characterizes ecolinguistics in these terms:"Ecolinguistics explores the role of language in the lif... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3560440 | 1,312,019 |
623,826 | In areas served by single-home septic systems, local government regulations can force septic system maintenance to ensure compliance with water quality standards. In Washington (state), a novel approach was developed through a creation of a "shellfish protection district" when either a commercial or recreational shellf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4146576 | 623,494 |
1,260,726 | In-water recompression is a clinically significant method to manage a global shortage of chamber availability for recreational, technical and scientific divers who often dive in places many hours, or days, from the nearest chamber. Minimal delay of recompression is directly related to improved outcomes, and probably to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=508346 | 1,260,039 |
2,085,953 | The Plantema Medal has been established by ICAF in 1967. It is a career award that is presented to a selected leading member of the structural integrity community. The award recipient is invited to deliver a keynote lecture at the start of the biennial symposium. This Plantema Memorial Lecture is named after the late D... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38186067 | 2,084,751 |
326,302 | Agriculture in the Zhou dynasty was very intensive and, in many cases, directed by the government. All farming lands were owned by nobles, who then gave their land to their serfs, a situation similar to European feudalism. For example, a piece of land was divided into nine squares in the well-field system, with the gra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43464 | 326,128 |
1,005,133 | Some women served in various positions in the IDF, including infantry, radio operators and transport pilots in the 1948 war of independence and the Suez Crisis in 1956, but later the Air Force closed its ranks to female pilots, and women were restricted from combat positions. There is a draft of both men and women. Mos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26491558 | 1,004,615 |
1,744,007 | A spectral line of CN was detected in 1938 in the interstellar medium in the ultraviolet, and was identified in 1940 by Andrew McKellar. The coudé spectrograph and a telescope were used to observe CN's interstellar lines and ultraviolet spectra. Use of the spectrograph confirmed McKellar's findings and also made the sp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20711036 | 1,743,023 |
566,740 | The covalent pair-wise interaction between boronic acids and hydroxy groups as found in alcohols and acids is rapid and reversible in aqueous solutions. The equilibrium established between boronic acids and the hydroxyl groups present on saccharides has been successfully employed to develop a range of sensors for sacch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7114058 | 566,450 |
253,134 | The Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/70, (Bofors 40 mm L/70, Bofors 40 mm/70, Bofors 40/70 and the like), is a multi-purpose autocannon developed by the Swedish arms manufacturer AB Bofors (today BAE Systems Bofors) during the second half of the 1940s as a modern replacement for their extremely successful World War II-era ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69853881 | 253,001 |
687,249 | While employed by the central government, Shen Kuo was also sent out with others to inspect the granary system of the empire, investigating problems of illegal tax-collection, negligence, ineffective disaster relief, and inadequate water-conservancy projects. While Shen was appointed as the regional inspector of Zhejia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1102000 | 686,892 |
452,957 | Spinosaurids appear to have had semiaquatic lifestyles, spending much of their time near or in water, which has been inferred by the high density of their limb bones that would have made them less buoyant, and the oxygen isotope ratios of their teeth being closer to those of remains from aquatic animals like turtles, c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35587737 | 452,736 |
813,357 | While Buckland's analysis convinced him that the bones found in Kirkdale Cave had not been washed into the cave by a global flood, he still believed the thin layer of mud that covered the remains of the hyaena den had been deposited in the subsequent 'Universal Deluge'. He developed these ideas into his great scientifi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=393546 | 812,924 |
1,105,659 | Resistance to common fungicides is currently combated through the use of other chemicals. For example, sodium o-phenylphenate-resistant strains are dealt with via formaldehyde fumigation while imazalil-resistant strains are controlled through the use of pyrimethanil, a fungicide also approved for fighting strains resis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47826409 | 1,105,096 |
621,092 | At the end of January 2018, BMA council chair, Chaand Nagpaul, expressed concerns over doctors' fears and challenges in working under pressure in the NHS. He explained that without clarity from the General Medical Council (GMC) and others, issues surrounding recording reflective learning would result in defensive pract... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56502149 | 620,760 |
2,139,239 | Its primary aim was to measure CP violation in the decays of heavy B mesons in the late 1990s, several years ahead of the Large Hadron Collider and B Factory programs. Unlike most particle physics detectors, the particles were produced not by colliding two circulating beams head-on, nor by slamming the beam into a stat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2883833 | 2,138,009 |
910,050 | Cold stratification is the term applied to the storing of seeds in (and, strictly, in layers with) a moist medium, often peat or sand, with a view to maintaining viability and overcoming dormancy. Cold stratification is the term applied to storage at near-freezing temperatures, even if no medium is used. A common metho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1031149 | 909,571 |
1,523,686 | The statutory Governing Council is made up of a chairman and 20 members. They/these include representatives of selected Ministries (Food and Agriculture), Health, Trade and Industries, Environment, Education, Science and Technology, Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation the Universities, various p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26952481 | 1,522,825 |
579,540 | The Whitings coined the term "cultural learning environment", to describe the surroundings that influence a child during development. Beatrice Whiting defined a child's environmental contexts as being "characterized by an activity in progress, a physically defined space, a characteristic group of people, and norms of b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2700105 | 579,243 |
1,317,072 | Necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) is a fatal inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorder, where an extensive cerebral necrosis is associated with a multifocal, non-suppurative meningoencephalitis of the neuro cortex. It was originally identified and recorded in the 1960s in pure breed pugs, with which this d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3929401 | 1,316,347 |
229,461 | Also common is a related clause (codice_17 or codice_18) that is executed whether an exception occurred or not, typically to release resources acquired within the body of the exception-handling block. Notably, C++ does not provide this construct, recommending instead the Resource Acquisition Is Initialization (RAII) te... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=59231 | 229,344 |
185,329 | Robert Hooke observed a foraminifera under the microscope, as described and illustrated in his 1665 book "Micrographia:"I was trying several small and single Magnifying Glasses, and casually viewing a parcel of white Sand, when I perceiv'd one of the grains exactly shap'd and wreath'd like a Shell[...] I view'd it ever... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=477903 | 185,232 |
1,259,213 | The history of the University of California, Los Angeles traces back to the 19th century when the institution operated as a teachers' college. It would grow in size and scope for nearly four decades on two Los Angeles campuses before California governor William D. Stephens signed a bill into law in 1919 to establish th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12226819 | 1,258,526 |
2,014,986 | The purpose of the MSD is to treat the incoming blackwater and graywater that accumulates on board a floating vessel. Graywater is water that drains directly from a shower, sink, or machinery located in the scullery. Normally, graywater is discharged directly overboard since it is not technically considered sewage and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46458744 | 2,013,827 |
1,518,759 | The Act begins on 1 July 2012, and operates on a financial year basis. It is administered by the Clean Energy Regulator and the responsible Minister. A carbon pollution cap limits the sum of: (a) the total number of auctioned carbon units; and (b) the total number of free carbon units issued in accordance with the Jobs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33275078 | 1,517,901 |
1,184,736 | Similarly to those used to measure atmospheric pollutants, gold-particle based nanosensors are used to give an early diagnosis to several types of cancer by detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath, as tumor growth is associated with peroxidation of the cell membrane. Another cancer related application, th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=603278 | 1,184,108 |
301,378 | PICA was patented by NASA Ames Research Center in the 1990s and was the primary TPS material for the Stardust aeroshell. The Stardust sample-return capsule was the fastest man-made object ever to reenter Earth's atmosphere ( at 135 km altitude). This was faster than the Apollo mission capsules and 70% faster than the S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=45294 | 301,217 |
1,655,602 | The Russian school of constitutional economics was created in the early 21st century with the idea that CE allows for a combined economic and constitutional analysis in the legislative, first of all, budget process, thus helping to overcome arbitrariness in the economic and financial decision-making and to open entranc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4866560 | 1,654,669 |
1,746,165 | This is an annual rivalry game unofficially dubbed "Holy War." Along with Utah State, these teams also compete annually for the "Beehive Boot." This game is typically the most anticipated of the season for BYU and its fans. In November 2005, "The Wall Street Journal" ranked the BYU–Utah football rivalry as the fourth-b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14893080 | 1,745,179 |
550,445 | In order for the lungs to allow gas exchange, the lungs first need to have gas in them. In modern tetrapods, three important breathing mechanisms are conserved from early ancestors, the first being a CO/H+ detection system. In modern tetrapod breathing, the impulse to take a breath is triggered by a buildup of CO in th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38046595 | 550,157 |
1,800,281 | Perhaps as important as the work for which he won the Nobel prize is his invention of modulation doping, a method for making extremely high mobility two dimensional electron systems in semiconductors. This enabled the later observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect, which was discovered by Störmer and Tsui in O... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1621554 | 1,799,272 |
839,620 | A recent technique called non-thermal irreversible electroporation (N-TIRE) has proven successful in treating many different types of tumors and other unwanted tissue. This procedure is done using small electrodes (about 1mm in diameter), placed either inside or surrounding the target tissue to apply short, repetitive ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39619 | 839,171 |
941,642 | The influence of Greek ideas on early medieval era Indian astronomical theories, particularly zodiac symbols (astrology), is broadly accepted by the Western scholars. According to Pingree, the 2nd-century CE cave inscriptions of Nasik mention sun, moon and five planets in the same order as found in Babylon, but "there ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3948016 | 941,140 |
2,121,878 | Schmidt attended the Heinrich Heinrich-Hertz-Gymnasium in East Berlin, a special school for mathematics. In 1984 he received the bronze medal at the International Mathematical Olympiad in Prague. He studied mathematics at the Humboldt University in Berlin and was awarded the diploma in 1991. In 1993, he obtained his Ph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63781826 | 2,120,659 |
1,507,752 | The worm snake is a small snake. Adults are in total length, record . It is brown dorsally, and bright pink ventrally, with the belly color including one or two dorsal scale rows. The dorsal scales are smooth, in 13 rows. It has five upper labials and one postocular. "C. amoenus" coloration is unpatterned and can be ta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38909820 | 1,506,906 |
1,959,877 | Server virtualization, a technology that has become mainstream, originally gained popularity when VMware entered the market in 2001 with its GSX server software. This technology gave IT organizations the ability to reduce the amount of rack space required to accommodate multiple servers and reduced the cost of powering... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39399077 | 1,958,750 |
327,369 | Following a decompression schedule does not completely protect against DCS. The algorithms used are designed to reduce the probability of DCS to a very low level, but do not reduce it to zero. The mathematical implications of all current decompression models are that provided that no tissue is ingassing, longer decompr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=61048 | 327,195 |
1,933,371 | Perhaps one of the most powerful uses of surface SHG is the probing of surface structure of buried interfaces. Traditional surface tools such as atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy as well as many forms of electron diffraction must be conducted under vacuum, and are not sensitive to interfaces dee... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13752102 | 1,932,263 |
798,409 | In China, Hu Qiheng, was the leader of the team who installed the first TCP/IP connection for China, connecting to the Internet on April 20, 1994. In 1995, Rosemary Candlin went to write software for CERN in Geneva. In the early 1990s, Nancy Hafkin was an important figure in working with the Association for Progressive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2279544 | 797,984 |
1,695,409 | The ALS serves about 2,000 researchers ("users") every year from academic, industrial, and government laboratories worldwide. Experiments at the ALS are performed at nearly 40 beamlines that can operate simultaneously over 5,000 hours per year, resulting in nearly 1,000 scientific publications annually in a wide variet... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4193972 | 1,694,457 |
2,167,767 | Ryan grew up the son of a concert pianist and developed a love of music from an early age, but he did not become a musician himself. While working toward a Bachelor of Arts degree at the California Institute of Technology, he excelled at science, math, and engineering, and decided to apply those skills to his love of m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31279586 | 2,166,530 |
220,044 | Many open-source and even commercial scale-out storage clusters, especially those built on top of standard PC hardware and networks, provide eventual consistency only. Idem some NoSQL databases like CouchDB and others mentioned above. Write operations invalidate other copies, but often don't wait for their acknowledgem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=185529 | 219,935 |
1,635,459 | The idea of fluid-optical devices can be traced back at least as far as the 18th century, when spinning pools of mercury were proposed (and eventually developed) as liquid-mirror telescopes. In the 20th century new technologies such as dye lasers and liquid-core waveguides were developed that took advantage of the tuna... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30332230 | 1,634,536 |
45,118 | In general relativity, the apsides of any orbit (the point of the orbiting body's closest approach to the system's center of mass) will precess; the orbit is not an ellipse, but akin to an ellipse that rotates on its focus, resulting in a rose curve-like shape (see image). Einstein first derived this result by using an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12024 | 45,101 |
1,793,234 | The China Association of Science and Technology served three major purposes. First, like professional associations in most countries, it brought individual scientists and administrators together with their professional peers from other bodies at conferences, lectures, and joint projects, and it promoted communication a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14246598 | 1,792,225 |
2,125,841 | Although it was known to have poor cost-performance, the HEP received attention due to what were, at the time, several revolutionary features. The HEP had the performance of a CDC 7600-class computer in the Cray-1 era. HEP systems were acquired by the Ballistic Research Laboratory (four PEM system), Los Alamos, the Arg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=615487 | 2,124,620 |
1,928,108 | Under this framework, the key limiting factor on working memory performance is the precision with which visual information can be stored, not the number of items that can be remembered. Further evidence for this theory was obtained by Bays and Husain using a discrimination task. They showed that, unlike a "slot" model ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=732493 | 1,927,004 |
929,210 | In the Information Processing Small Systems Division, directed the project and did the product planning. The development team initially planned for the new personal computer to be a small version of the business computer line which originated from the 1973 NEAC System 100. Kazuya Watanabe stated that the personal compu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1917508 | 928,719 |
1,320,958 | At the beginning of the 20th century, Wilhelm von Osten famously, but prematurely, claimed human-like counting abilities in animals on the example of his horse named Hans. His claim is widely rejected today, as it is attributed to a methodological fallacy, which received the name Clever Hans phenomenon after this case.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48845497 | 1,320,232 |
792,936 | The Sun's solar corona was first successfully imaged during the Solar eclipse of July 28, 1851. Dr. August Ludwig Busch, the Director of the Königsberg Observatory gave instructions for a local daguerreotypist named Johann Julius Friedrich Berkowski to image the eclipse. Busch himself was not present at Königsberg (now... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=143115 | 792,511 |
1,229,382 | Computer-aided dispatch (CAD), also called computer-assisted dispatch, is a method of dispatching taxicabs, couriers, field service technicians, mass transit vehicles or emergency services assisted by computer. It can either be used to send messages to the dispatchee via a mobile data terminal (MDT) and/or used to stor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=405911 | 1,228,720 |
805,709 | Although the term "projection mapping" is relatively new, the technique dates back to the late 1960s, where it was referred to as the Madame Leota effect, video mapping, spatial augmented reality, or shader lamps. One of the first public displays of projections onto 3D objects debuted in 1969, when Disneyland opened th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34025057 | 805,280 |
981,819 | ZEBs harvest available energy to meet their electricity and heating or cooling needs. By far the most common way to harvest energy is to use roof-mounted solar photovoltaic panels that turn the sun's light into electricity. Energy can also be harvested with solar thermal collectors (which use the sun's heat to heat wat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4211531 | 981,307 |
1,248,332 | Buzz Aldrin first suggested the use of cycler orbits in 1985 for the life support equipment and logistical supplies necessary for extensive human exploration of the Moon and Mars. He also presented his thoughts on the benefits of using cycler spacecraft at the Space 88 Symposium in Albuquerque during a panel discussion... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21411022 | 1,247,656 |
708,711 | Despite accumulating evidence that the majority of long noncoding RNAs in mammals are likely to be functional, only a relatively small proportion has been demonstrated to be biologically relevant. Some lncRNAs have been functionally annotated in LncRNAdb (a database of literature described lncRNAs), with the majority o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16770101 | 708,342 |
1,291,471 | Leptospira interrogans is a species of obligate aerobic spirochaete bacteria shaped like a corkscrew with hooked and spiral ends. "L. interrogans" is mainly found in warmer tropical regions. The bacteria can live for weeks to months in the ground or water. "Leptospira" is one of the genera of the spirochaete phylum tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20668493 | 1,290,761 |
1,046,686 | Trinucleotide repeat expansion, is a DNA mutation that is responsible for causing any type of disorder classified as a trinucleotide repeat disorder. These disorders are progressive and affect the sequences of the human genome, frequently within the nervous system. So far the available therapeutics only have modest res... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5706520 | 1,046,141 |
423,336 | Proteus has an all-composite airframe with graphite-epoxy sandwich construction. Its wingspan of is expandable to with removable wingtips installed. Proteus is an "optionally piloted" aircraft ordinarily flown by two pilots in a pressurized cabin. However, it also has the capability to perform its missions semi-autonom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1032031 | 423,129 |
999,368 | Nuclear reactions used in the 1960s resulted in high excitation energies that required expulsion of four or five neutrons; these reactions used targets made of elements with high atomic numbers to maximize the size difference between the two nuclei in a reaction. While this increased the chance of fusion due to the low... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13764 | 998,850 |
2,237,332 | As the project progressed, its scale and disciplinary range increased, inspired by contemporary projects in the Middle East (particularly the 'Prehistoric Project', which surveyed in Iraq, Iran and Turkey, led by Robert Braidwood and Bruce Howe, and Robert McCormick Adams' Diyala Basin Archaeological Project), and in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72483037 | 2,236,061 |
947,368 | source instead of an attenuated laser. While such sources are still at a developmental stage QKD has been carried out successfully with them. However, as current sources operate at a low efficiency and frequency key rates and transmission distances are limited. Another solution is to modify the BB84 protocol, as is don... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51910 | 946,865 |
578,671 | formula_33 is a phase that depends on the Maslov index and other details of the orbits. formula_34 is the recurrence amplitude of a closed orbit for a given initial state (labeled formula_35). It contains information about the stability of the orbit, its initial and final directions, and the matrix element of the dipol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=313779 | 578,375 |
981,969 | In laminitis cases, a clear distinction must be made between the acute onset of a laminitis attack and a chronic situation. A chronic situation can be either stable or unstable. The difference between acute, chronic, stable, and unstable is of vital importance when choosing a treatment protocol. There is no cure for a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1580943 | 981,457 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.