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894,281 | Quantum machine learning is the integration of quantum algorithms within machine learning programs. The most common use of the term refers to machine learning algorithms for the analysis of classical data executed on a quantum computer, i.e. quantum-enhanced machine learning. While machine learning algorithms are used ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44108758 |
1,020,557 | Biological neural networks have a large degree of heterogeneity in terms of different cell types. This section describes a mathematical model of a fully connected modern Hopfield network assuming the extreme degree of heterogeneity: every single neuron is different. Specifically, an energy function and the correspondin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1170097 |
1,070,096 | In physics, conservation laws play important roles. For example, the law of conservation of energy states that the energy of a closed system must remain constant. It can neither increase nor decrease without coming in contact with an external system. If we consider the whole universe as a closed system, the total amoun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54424691 |
1,618,340 | Biological neural networks have a large degree of heterogeneity in terms of different cell types. This section describes a mathematical model of a fully connected Modern Hopfield network assuming the extreme degree of heterogeneity: every single neuron is different. Specifically, an energy function and the correspondin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68440670 |
1,644,776 | The puma model was proposed by Diaz and Kostelecky in 2010 as a three-parameter model that exhibits consistency with all the established neutrino data (accelerator, atmospheric, reactor, and solar) and naturally describes the anomalous low-energy excess observed in MiniBooNE that is inconsistent with the conventional m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27640668 |
1,447,098 | There is a wide spectrum of terminology associated with space mapping: ideal model, coarse model, coarse space, fine model, companion model, cheap model, expensive model, surrogate model, low fidelity (resolution) model, high fidelity (resolution) model, empirical model, simplified physics model, physics-based model, q... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38218032 |
503,732 | There is no known way to efficiently simulate a quantum computational model with a classical computer. This means that a classical computer cannot simulate a quantum computational model in polynomial time. However, a quantum circuit of formula_31 qubits with formula_8 quantum gates can be simulated by a classical circu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24092190 |
916,978 | Once the type of model is specified in stage 2, the data and the method of collecting data must be specified. The model must be specified first in order to determine the variables which need to be collected. Conversely, when deciding on the desired forecasting model, the available data or methods to collect data needs ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17873973 |
572,138 | Particle physics, dealing with the smallest physical systems, is also known as "high energy physics". Physics of larger length scales, including the macroscopic scale, is also known as "low energy physics". Intuitively, it might seem incorrect to associate "high energy" with the physics of very small, "low" mass-energy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=382187 |
1,707,390 | Entosis has been found to be a different mechanism for cancer cells to form cell-in-cell structures at tumor sites. The entosis process in cancer cells is mediated via E-cadherin and P-cadherin. Since cadherins usually create homolytic cell to cell junctions, it is believed that the process mainly occurs between homolo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14501387 |
410,219 | Doi & Barendregt working in collaboration with Khan, Thalib and Williams (from the University of Queensland, University of Southern Queensland and Kuwait University), have created an inverse variance quasi likelihood based alternative (IVhet) to the random effects (RE) model for which details are available online. This... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62329 |
747,621 | Energy efficiencies of water heaters in residential use can vary greatly, particularly depending on manufacturer and model. However, electric heaters tend to be slightly more efficient (not counting power station losses) with recovery efficiency (how efficiently energy transfers to the water) reaching about 98%. Gas-fi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=521801 |
868,841 | The cell envelope is composed of the cell membrane and the cell wall. As in other organisms, the bacterial cell wall provides structural integrity to the cell. In prokaryotes, the primary function of the cell wall is to protect the cell from internal turgor pressure caused by the much higher concentrations of proteins,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4209093 |
911,557 | One of the fundamental elements of biomedical and translation research is the use of integrated data repositories. A survey conducted in 2010 defined "integrated data repository" (IDR) as a data warehouse incorporating various sources of clinical data to support queries for a range of research-like functions. Integrate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=351581 |
54,141 | There were several further developments in the first decade of the twentieth century. In May 1907, Einstein explained that the expression for energy of a moving mass point assumes the simplest form when its expression for the state of rest is chosen to be (where is the mass), which is in agreement with the "principle o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=422481 |
283,327 | Governments at the national, regional, and local levels may implement policies to promote energy efficiency. Building energy rules can cover the energy consumption of an entire structure or specific building components, like heating and cooling systems. They represent some of the most frequently used instruments for en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=478933 |
572,139 | The reason for this is that the "high energy" refers to energy "at the quantum particle level". While macroscopic systems indeed have a larger total energy content than any of their constituent quantum particles, there can be no experiment or other observation of this total energy without extracting the respective amou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=382187 |
911,558 | Clinical research informatics (CRI) is a sub-field of health informatics that tries to improve the efficiency of clinical research by using informatics methods. Some of the problems tackled by CRI are: creation of data warehouses of health care data that can be used for research, support of data collection in clinical ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=351581 |
1,437,692 | Sharing the architectural core with Stratature +EDM, Master Data Services uses a Microsoft SQL Server database as the physical data store. It is a part of the "Master Data Hub", which uses the database to store and manage data entities. It is a database with the software to validate and manage the data, and keep it syn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13430116 |
1,639,627 | The stereo model is an energy model that integrates both the position-shift model and the phase-difference model. The position-shift model suggests that the receptive fields of left and right simple cells are identical in shape but are shifted horizontally relative to each other. This model was proposed by Bishop and P... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41121858 |
71,319 | The energy efficiency of a system or device that converts energy is measured by the ratio of the amount of useful energy put out by the system ("output energy") to the total amount of energy that is put in ("input energy") or by useful output energy as a percentage of the total input energy. In the case of fuel cells, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11729 |
180,818 | There are three different types of data models produced while progressing from requirements to the actual database to be used for the information system. The data requirements are initially recorded as a conceptual data model which is essentially a set of technology independent specifications about the data and is used... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=759422 |
188,546 | The basic definition of "energy" is a measure of a body's (in thermodynamics, the system's) ability to cause change. For example, when a person pushes a heavy box a few metres forward, that person exerts mechanical energy, also known as work, on the box over a distance of a few meters forward. The mathematical definiti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39221 |
598,457 | A data architecture aims to set data standards for all its data systems as a vision or a model of the eventual interactions between those data systems. Data integration, for example, should be dependent upon data architecture standards since data integration requires data interactions between two or more data systems. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4071997 |
918,307 | In quantum computing, a quantum algorithm is an algorithm which runs on a realistic model of quantum computation, the most commonly used model being the quantum circuit model of computation. A classical (or non-quantum) algorithm is a finite sequence of instructions, or a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem, w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=632489 |
965,555 | In thermodynamics, non-mechanical work is to be contrasted with mechanical work that is done by forces in immediate contact between the system and its surroundings. If the putative 'work' of a process cannot be defined as either long-range work or else as contact work, then sometimes it cannot be described by the therm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3616613 |
1,899,210 | Several types of RE co-ops exist, based on the type of energy source used, what added value they bring, and the business model they follow. The type of energy source means exactly as it sounds; does the RE co-op focus on solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, biomass, and/or tidal energy? The added value describes the role t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=65691512 |
249,581 | The tally of quantum numbers varies from system to system and has no universal answer. Hence these parameters must be found for each system to be analyzed. A quantized system requires at least one quantum number. The dynamics (i.e. time evolution) of any quantum system are described by a quantum operator in the form of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=532405 |
261,314 | Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells. All living organisms are made of cells. A cell is the basic unit of life that is responsible for the living and functioning of organisms. Cell biology is the study of structural and funct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6339 |
273,461 | "Statistical proof" from data refers to the application of statistics, data analysis, or Bayesian analysis to infer propositions regarding the probability of data. While "using" mathematical proof to establish theorems in statistics, it is usually not a mathematical proof in that the "assumptions" from which probabilit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=82285 |
352,737 | In atomic physics, the Bohr model or Rutherford–Bohr model, presented by Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913, is a system consisting of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons—similar to the structure of the Solar System, but with attraction provided by electrostatic forces in place of gravity. It ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4831 |
402,007 | The formula implies that bound systems have an invariant mass (rest mass for the system) less than the sum of their parts, if the binding energy has been allowed to escape the system after the system has been bound. This may happen by converting system potential energy into some other kind of active energy, such as kin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=145040 |
768,737 | In physics, the main method of solution is to find the probability distribution function as a function of time using the equivalent Fokker–Planck equation (FPE). The Fokker–Planck equation is a deterministic partial differential equation. It tells how the probability distribution function evolves in time similarly to h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1361454 |
907,944 | In the thermodynamics of equilibrium, a state function, function of state, or point function for a thermodynamic system is a mathematical function relating several state variables or state quantities (that describe equilibrium states of a system) that depend only on the current equilibrium thermodynamic state of the sy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=341436 |
1,066,989 | The intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC), derived from the potential energy surface, is a parametric curve that connects two energy minima in the direction that traverses the minimum energy barrier (or shallowest ascent) passing through one or more saddle point(s). However, in reality if reacting species attains enough ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14149235 |
1,572,905 | For example, the theorem do not exclude quantum scarring, as the phase space volume of the scars also gradually vanishes in this limit. A quantum eigenstate is scarred by periodic orbit if its probability density is on the classical invariant manifolds near and all along that periodic orbit is systematically enhanced a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23855903 |
1,573,961 | His research interests are extremely wide and include physics of ultra-cold gases (Bose-Einstein condensation, quantum dynamics of degenerate gases, laser induced condensation, theory of master equation and open systems for many body systems, ultra-cold Fermi gases, strongly correlated atomic and molecular systems, ult... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46396821 |
1,613,467 | The accuracy of semiclassical models are compared based on the BTE by investigating how they treat the classical velocity overshoot problem, a key short channel effect (SCE) in transistor structures. Essentially, velocity overshoot is a nonlocal effects of scaled devices, which is related to the experimentally observed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29783201 |
1,767,314 | In computational physics and more specifically in quantum mechanics, the ground state energies of quantum systems is associated with the top of the spectrum of Schrödinger's operators. The Schrödinger equation is the quantum mechanics version of the Newton's second law of motion of classical mechanics (the mass times t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43677277 |
1,822,787 | In the section of the book on quantum algorithms, chapter 7 includes material on quantum complexity theory and the Deutch algorithm, Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm, Bernstein–Vazirani algorithm, and Simon's algorithm, algorithms devised to prove separations in quantum complexity by solving certain artificial problems faster t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63448622 |
1,936,050 | To extract relevant data from large data sets, TBI employs various methods such as data consolidation, data federation, and data warehousing. In the data consolidation approach, data is extracted from various sources and centralized in a single database. This approach enables standardization of heterogeneous data and h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37670240 |
66,018 | Though used sometimes loosely partly because of a lack of formal definition, the interpretation that seems to best describe Big data is the one associated with large body of information that we could not comprehend when used only in smaller amounts. In it primary definition though, Big data refers to data sets that are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27051151 |
266,778 | It is recognized that much energy is lost in the production of energy commodities themselves, such as nuclear energy, photovoltaic electricity or high-quality petroleum products. "Net energy content" is the energy content of the product minus energy input used during extraction and conversion, directly or indirectly. A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=604896 |
469,314 | The main reason for differences in embodied energy data between databases is due to the source of data and methodology used in their compilation. Bottom-up 'process' data is typically sourced from product manufacturers and suppliers. While this data is generally more reliable and specific to particular products, the me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1520238 |
533,733 | Many people do not have a Heating, Ventilation, and Air Condition (HVAC) system in their homes because it is too expensive. However according to this article "Save Money Through Energy Efficiency", HVAC is not as expensive as one may think it is. This article "Save Money Through Energy Efficiency" tells us that the mai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=396508 |
735,959 | In the realm of quantum communication, one wants to send qubits from one quantum processor to another over long distances. This way, local quantum networks can be intra connected into a quantum internet. A quantum internet supports many applications, which derive their power from the fact that by creating quantum entan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2325953 |
780,862 | Another example is the case of using an application programming interface (API) to interact with a runtime system. The calls to that API look the same as calls to a regular software library, however at some point during the call the execution model changes. The runtime system implements an execution model different fro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2106840 |
801,688 | As mentioned, especially for hydrogen/deuterium substitution, most kinetic isotope effects arise from the difference in zero-point energy (ZPE) between the reactants and the transition state of the isotopologues in question, and this difference can be understood qualitatively with the following description: within the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1106771 |
844,277 | Strictly speaking the above equation holds also for systems with chemical reactions if the terms in the balance equation are taken to refer to total mass, i.e. the sum of all the chemical species of the system. In the absence of a chemical reaction the amount of any chemical species flowing in and out will be the same;... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2428476 |
894,304 | Quantum analogues or generalizations of classical neural nets are often referred to as quantum neural networks. The term is claimed by a wide range of approaches, including the implementation and extension of neural networks using photons, layered variational circuits or quantum Ising-type models. Quantum neural networ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44108758 |
1,526,374 | The first agent-based model is a multiscale model of mammary gland development starting with a rudimentary mammary ductal tree at the onset of puberty (during active proliferation) all the way to a full mammary gland at adulthood (when there is little proliferation). The model consists of millions of agents, with each ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29782518 |
1,582,119 | In their article in which they coin the term 'critical data studies,' Dalton and Thatcher also provide several justifications as to why data studies is a discipline worthy of a critical approach. First, 'big data' is an important aspect of twenty-first century society, and the analysis of 'big data' allows for a deeper... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51578025 |
1,603,990 | Compared to the highly complex microenvironment "in vivo", traditional mono-culture of single cell types "in vitro" only provides limited information about cellular behavior due to the lack of interactions with other cell types. Typically, cell-to-cell signaling can be divided into four categories depending on the dist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50311973 |
1,626,246 | The Kolmogorov structure function of an individual data string expresses the relation between the complexity level constraint on a model class and the least log-cardinality of a model in the class containing the data. The structure function determines all stochastic properties of the individual data string: for every c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18010343 |
1,784,136 | The interaction between services often requires exchanging business documents. In order for a service consumer to send data (related to a particular business entity e.g. a purchase order), it needs to know the structure of the data i.e. the data model. For this, the service provider publishes the structure of the data ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26592693 |
1,915,219 | The first development of "quantum electrochemistry" is somewhat difficult to pin down. This is not very surprising, since the development of quantum mechanics to chemistry can be summarized as the application of quantum wave theory models to atoms and molecules. This being the case, electrochemistry, which is particula... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=872416 |
1,915,830 | Data-informed decision-making (DIDM) gives reference to the collection and analysis of data to guide decisions that improve success. Another form of this process is referred to as Data-Driven Decision-Making (DDDM) which is defined similarly as making decisions based on hard data as opposed to intuition, observation, o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39186711 |
1,958,613 | TML system description fields include descriptions of the physical system, the data system and the data product. The data itself forms the other component of a TML data stream. The physical system description includes information such as model and serial number information about specific transducers and components of a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6045563 |
1,983,683 | Geodetic Data Services (GDS) program provides services for the long-term stewardship of unique data sets. These services organize, manage, and archive data, and develop tools for data access and interpretation. GDS provides a comprehensive suite of services including sensor network data operations, data products and se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25430759 |
25,170 | Differential calculus is the study of the definition, properties, and applications of the derivative of a function. The process of finding the derivative is called "differentiation". Given a function and a point in the domain, the derivative at that point is a way of encoding the small-scale behavior of the function ne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5176 |
143,255 | Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle in which the cell grows and replicates its chromosome(s) before dividing. In eukaryotes, there are two distinct types of cell division: a vegetative division (mitosis), produc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36869 |
147,049 | The internal energy of a body can change in a process in which chemical potential energy is converted into non-chemical energy. In such a process, the thermodynamic system can change its internal energy by doing work on its surroundings, or by gaining or losing energy as heat. It is not quite lucid to merely say that '... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=467047 |
159,547 | Probability distortion is that people generally do not look at the value of probability uniformly between 0 and 1. Lower probability is said to be over-weighted (that is, a person is overly concerned with the outcome of the probability) while medium to high probability is under-weighted (that is, a person is not concer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=197284 |
173,457 | A data lake is a system or repository of data stored in its natural/raw format, usually object blobs or files. A data lake is usually a single store of data including raw copies of source system data, sensor data, social data etc., and transformed data used for tasks such as reporting, visualization, advanced analytics... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46626475 |
190,330 | For example, given "N" sequence data structures, e.g. singly linked list, vector etc., and "M" algorithms to operate on them, e.g. codice_1, codice_2 etc., a direct approach would implement each algorithm specifically for each data structure, giving combinations to implement. However, in the generic programming approac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=105837 |
196,453 | Overfitting is the use of models or procedures that violate Occam's razor, for example by including more adjustable parameters than are ultimately optimal, or by using a more complicated approach than is ultimately optimal. For an example where there are too many adjustable parameters, consider a dataset where training... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=173332 |
199,640 | Some view the birth of quantum chemistry as starting with the discovery of the Schrödinger equation and its application to the hydrogen atom in 1926. However, the 1927 article of Walter Heitler (1904–1981) and Fritz London, is often recognized as the first milestone in the history of quantum chemistry. This is the firs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25211 |
244,503 | Stone has had issued to him a large number of patents embracing a method for impressing oscillations on a radiator system and emitting the energy in the form of waves of predetermined length whatever may be the electrical dimensions of the oscillator. On February 8, 1900, he filed for a selective system in . In this sy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3800477 |
283,263 | Energy monitoring through energy audits can achieve energy efficiency in existing buildings. An energy audit is an inspection and analysis of energy use and flows for energy conservation in a structure, process, or system intending to reduce energy input without negatively affecting output. Energy audits can determine ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=478933 |
463,196 | Discrete differential calculus is the study of the definition, properties, and applications of the difference quotient of a function. The process of finding the difference quotient is called "differentiation". Given a function defined at several points of the real line, the difference quotient at that point is a way of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=61660335 |
631,159 | A system dedicated to offsite offline data processing was set up at the Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, NY to process raw data sent from Kamioka. Most of the reformatted raw data is copied from system facility in Kamioka. At Stony Brook, a system was set up for analysis and further processing. At Stony Brook the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28464 |
711,446 | There exist two underlying models in each OT system: the data model that defines the way data objects in a document are addressed by operations, and the operation model that defines the set of operations that can be directly transformed by OT functions. Different OT systems may have different data and operation models.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8924002 |
751,710 | Building on some of their earlier work, Gemino and Wand acknowledge some main points to consider when studying the affecting factors: the content that the conceptual model must represent, the method in which the model will be presented, the characteristics of the model's users, and the conceptual model languages specif... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2381958 |
778,442 | Chemical energy is the energy of chemical substances that is released when they undergo a chemical reaction and transform into other substances. Some examples of storage media of chemical energy include batteries, food, and gasoline (as well as oxygen gas, which is of high chemical energy due to its relatively weak dou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=417846 |
826,782 | There are various strengths to using a semantic data mining and ontological based approach. As previously mentioned, these tools can help during the per-processing phase by filtering out non-desirable data from the data set. Additionally, well-structured formal semantics integrated into well designed ontologies can ret... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12386904 |
829,865 | In gymnosperms, the male gametophytes are produced inside microspores within the microsporangia located inside male cones or microstrobili. In each microspore, a single gametophyte is produced, consisting of four haploid cells produced by meiotic division of a diploid microspore mother cell. At maturity, each microspo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13115 |
879,372 | Quantum biology is an emerging field; most of the current research is theoretical and subject to questions that require further experimentation. Though the field has only recently received an influx of attention, it has been conceptualized by physicists throughout the 20th century. It has been suggested that quantum bi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13537626 |
879,387 | Enzymes have been postulated to use quantum tunneling in order to transfer electrons from one place to another in electron transport chains. It is possible that protein quaternary architectures may have adapted to enable sustained quantum entanglement and coherence, which are two of the limiting factors for quantum tun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13537626 |
907,994 | For example, if two objects are attracting each other in space through their gravitational field, the attraction force accelerates the objects, increasing their velocity, which converts their potential energy (gravity) into kinetic energy. When the particles either pass through each other without interaction or elastic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=125769 |
909,538 | Other problems include (for example) issues with the quality of data, consistent classification and identification of data, and data-reconciliation issues. Master data management of disparate data systems requires data transformations as the data extracted from the disparate source data system is transformed and loaded... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15103022 |
958,436 | Cryptography is the strongest link in the chain of data security. However, interested parties cannot assume that cryptographic keys will remain secure indefinitely. Quantum cryptography has the potential to encrypt data for longer periods than classical cryptography. Using classical cryptography, scientists cannot guar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28676005 |
1,001,885 | The free energy principle is based on the Bayesian idea of the brain as an “inference engine.” Under the free energy principle, systems pursue paths of least surprise, or equivalently, minimize the difference between predictions based on their model of the world and their sense and associated perception. This differenc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39403556 |
1,023,716 | The Diesel engine is a heat engine: it converts heat into work. During the bottom isentropic processes (blue), energy is transferred into the system in the form of work formula_5, but by definition (isentropic) no energy is transferred into or out of the system in the form of heat. During the constant pressure (red, is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8483 |
1,065,042 | The Johnson–Cook (JC) model is purely empirical and is the most widely used of the five. However, this model exhibits an unrealistically small strain-rate dependence at high temperatures. The Steinberg–Cochran–Guinan–Lund (SCGL) model is semi-empirical. The model is purely empirical and strain-rate independent at high ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17328425 |
1,066,977 | In simplest terms, a potential energy surface or PES is a mathematical or graphical representation of the relation between energy of a molecule and its geometry. The methods for describing the potential energy are broken down into a classical mechanics interpretation (molecular mechanics) and a quantum mechanical inter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14149235 |
1,150,679 | Quantum Darwinism seeks to explain the transition of quantum systems from the vast potentiality of superposed states to the greatly reduced set of pointer states as a selection process, einselection, imposed on the quantum system through its continuous interactions with the environment. All quantum interactions, includ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1334123 |
1,178,363 | Computer system architectures which can support data parallel applications were promoted in the early 2000s for large-scale data processing requirements of data-intensive computing. Data-parallelism applied computation independently to each data item of a set of data, which allows the degree of parallelism to be scaled... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31107479 |
1,253,206 | Alternative abbreviations: FCHV (Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle), FCV (Fuel Cell Vehicle), HFCV (Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle), HFCEV (Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle). This type is actually electric vehicle that is powered by electric energy generated using onboard fuel cell. Fuel cell uses hydrogen stored in hydrogen tan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60192408 |
1,364,489 | The bacterial cell's control system has a hierarchical organization. The signaling and the control subsystem interfaces with the environment by means of sensory modules largely located on the cell surface. The genetic network logic responds to signals received from the environment and from internal cell status sensors ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=839361 |
1,568,910 | Since the late '90s, Farhi has been studying how to use quantum mechanics to gain algorithmic speedup in solving problems that are difficult for conventional computers. He and Sam Gutmann pioneered the continuous time Hamiltonian based approach to quantum computation which is an alternative to the conventional gate mod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47668180 |
1,688,839 | Once the cell is complete, a surface coil (or coils, depending on the desired coil type) is taped to the outside of the cell, which a) allows RF pulses to be produced in order to tip the polarized spins into the detection field (x,y plane) and b) detects the signal produced by the polarized nuclear spins. The cell is p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=900726 |
1,793,140 | In evaluating the SiTF curve, the signal input and signal output are measured differentially; meaning, the differential of the input signal and differential of the output signal are calculated and plotted against each other. An operator, using computer software, defines an arbitrary area, with a given set of data point... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19392692 |
8,754 | The mathematical description of motion, or kinematics, is based on the idea of specifying positions using numerical coordinates. Movement is represented by these numbers changing over time: a body's trajectory is represented by a function that assigns to each value of a time variable the values of all the position coor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55212 |
27,181 | Cell signaling (or communication) is the ability of cells to receive, process, and transmit signals with its environment and with itself. Signals can be non-chemical such as light, electrical impulses, and heat, or chemical signals (or ligands) that interact with receptors, which can be found embedded in the cell membr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9127632 |
34,194 | In the context of chemistry, energy is an attribute of a substance as a consequence of its atomic, molecular, or aggregate structure. Since a chemical transformation is accompanied by a change in one or more of these kinds of structure, it is usually accompanied by a decrease, and sometimes an increase, of the total en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9649 |
34,218 | Part of the rest energy (equivalent to rest mass) of matter may be converted to other forms of energy (still exhibiting mass), but neither energy nor mass can be destroyed; rather, both remain constant during any process. However, since formula_13 is extremely large relative to ordinary human scales, the conversion of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9649 |
44,551 | Many nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20% of their total energy supply, with some generating over half their electricity from renewables. A few countries generate all their electricity using renewable energy. National renewable energy markets are projected to continue to gro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25784 |
59,229 | The relationship between cellular proliferation and mitochondria has been investigated. Tumor cells require ample ATP to synthesize bioactive compounds such as lipids, proteins, and nucleotides for rapid proliferation. The majority of ATP in tumor cells is generated via the oxidative phosphorylation pathway (OxPhos). I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19588 |
66,054 | Big data analytics was used in healthcare by providing personalized medicine and prescriptive analytics, clinical risk intervention and predictive analytics, waste and care variability reduction, automated external and internal reporting of patient data, standardized medical terms and patient registries. Some areas of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27051151 |
89,051 | While Robert Hooke’s discovery of cells in 1665 led to the proposal of the Cell Theory, Hooke misled the cell membrane theory that all cells contained a hard cell wall since only plant cells could be observed at the time. Microscopists focused on the cell wall for well over 150 years until advances in microscopy were m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33051527 |
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