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Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
2,669
What growing dysjunction has been witnessed?
{ "answer_start": [ 292 ], "text": [ "a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no less, between broadening strides in fundamental biomedical research and their incommensurate reach into the clinic. " ] }
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Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
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What is aiming to incorporate pathways to translation at the earliest stages?
{ "answer_start": [ 502 ], "text": [ " recent changes in the structure of government funding, 2 new public and private joint ventures and specialist undergraduate and postgraduate courses" ] }
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Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
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How much have the number of biomedical research publications targeting 'translational' concepts has increased ?
{ "answer_start": [ 842 ], "text": [ "exponentially, up 1800%" ] }
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Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
2,669
What ways to solve the issues are outlined?
{ "answer_start": [ 2042 ], "text": [ "by creatively leveraging the so-called 'strengths' of viruses. Viral RNA polymerisation and reverse transcription enable resistance to treatment by conferring extraordinary genetic diversity. " ] }
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Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
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How do these exact processes ultimately restrict viral infectivity?
{ "answer_start": [ 2302 ], "text": [ " by strongly limiting virus genome sizes and their incorporation of new information. " ] }
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Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
2,669
What does the author coin this evolutionary dilemma as?
{ "answer_start": [ 2424 ], "text": [ "'information economy paradox'." ] }
4128
Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
2,669
How do many viruses resolve this ?
{ "answer_start": [ 2492 ], "text": [ "by manipulating multifunctional or multitasking host cell proteins (MMHPs), thereby maximising host subversion and viral infectivity at minimal informational cost." ] }
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Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
2,669
How may this "Achilles Heel" be safely targeted?
{ "answer_start": [ 2725 ], "text": [ " via host-oriented therapies to impose devastating informational and fitness barriers on escape mutant selection." ] }
4130
Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
2,669
Why may MMHP-targeting therapies exhibit both robust and broadspectrum antiviral efficacy?
{ "answer_start": [ 2852 ], "text": [ "since MMHPs are often conserved targets within and between virus families," ] }
4131
Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
2,669
What will achieving this through drug repurposing do?
{ "answer_start": [ 3058 ], "text": [ " break the vicious cycle of escalating therapeutic development costs and trivial escape mutant selection, both quickly and in multiple places. " ] }
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Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
2,669
What are also discussed by the author?
{ "answer_start": [ 3215 ], "text": [ " alternative posttranslational and RNA-based antiviral approaches, designer vaccines, immunotherapy and the emerging field of neo-virology." ] }
4133
Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
2,669
What does the author anticipate international efforts will do?
{ "answer_start": [ 3429 ], "text": [ " will enable the tapping of useful new biological functions and processes, methods for controlling infection, and the deployment of symbiotic or subclinical viruses in new therapies and biotechnologies that are so crucially needed." ] }
4134
Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
2,669
What do pathogens do upon infection?
{ "answer_start": [ 3688 ], "text": [ "stimulate expression of numerous host inflammatory factors that support recruitment and activation of immune cells. " ] }
4138
Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
2,669
What is the flip side ?
{ "answer_start": [ 3822 ], "text": [ "this same process also causes immunopathology when prolonged or deregulated." ] }
4139
Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
2,669
What do RBPs do?
{ "answer_start": [ 4022 ], "text": [ "post-transcriptionally control expression of crucial inflammatory factors in various tissues and their potential therapeutic applications" ] }
4140
Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
2,669
What is included in RBPs?
{ "answer_start": [ 4182 ], "text": [ "tristetraprolin and AUF1" ] }
4141
Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
2,669
What do tristetraprolin and AUF1, do?
{ "answer_start": [ 4214 ], "text": [ "promote degradation of AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNA" ] }
4142
Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...
2,669
What do RBPs include?
{ "answer_start": [ 4276 ], "text": [ "members of the Roquin and Regnase families" ] }
4143
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