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could check is the name empty if so
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don't create the student object is the
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house one of those four houses if not
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don't create the student object but that
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would be rather decoupled from the
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student itself right get student
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currently exists as just my own function
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in my student. piy file but classes and
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really object-oriented programming more
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generally encourages you to encapsulate
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inside of a class all functionality
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related to that class so if you want to
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validate that a name exists if you want
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to validate that a house is correct that
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belongs just uh fundamentally in the
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class called student itself not in some
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random function that you wrote elsewhere
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again this is just methodology because
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again if we think about writing code
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that gets longer and longer more and
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more complicated it should make just
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intuitive sense that if you keep all the
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house uh and all the Stu all of the name
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and all of the house related code in the
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student it's just better organization
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right keep all of the related code
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together and that's probably going to
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set you up for more success and indeed
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that's part of this methodology of
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objectoriented programming let me go
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ahead now and change my students classes
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init method to do this if the name is
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blank so if not name and we've seen this
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kind of syntax before if you say in
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5
Python pythonic if not name that's like
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doing something like this if name equals
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equals quote unquote but I can do this a
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4
little more elegantly just say if not
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name would be the more pythonic way to
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do it well I want to return an error
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like I might want to do something like
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this print missing name but this is not
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good enough it does not suffice to just
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print out missing name and then let the
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rest of the code go through all right
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well what could I do instead in the past
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we've seen another technique I could do
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cy. exit and I could say something like
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missing name and I could go up here and
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I could import CIS but this is a really
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obnoxious solution to the problem just
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because you or maybe a colleague messed
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up and called a function with an invalid
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name you're going to quit my whole
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program like that's really really
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extreme of a response and you probably
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don't want to do that if your program's
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in the middle of running you might want
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to clean some stuff up you might want to
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save files you don't want to just exit a
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program sometimes in some arbitrary line
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just because input was invalid so I
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don't think we want to do that either
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but we do now have a mechanism for
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signaling errors unfortunately I can't
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do something like this I could try
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returning none and say uhuh this student
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does not exist I'm going to hand you
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back none instead but it's too late if
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we scroll back down to where I'm
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creating the student it's on line 17 now
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where I've highlighted this code the
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student has already been created
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4
there is an object somewhere in the
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computer's memory that's structured as a
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student it just doesn't have any values
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inside of it but it's too late therefore
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to return none that ship has sailed the
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object exists you can't just suddenly
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say nope nope there is no object there
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is an object it's up to you to Signal an
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error and how do you signal an error
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well we've actually seen this before but
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we haven't had occasion to create our
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own errors it turns out in Python
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there's another keyword related to
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exceptions that python itself uses to
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raise all of those exceptions we've
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talked about in the past when you've
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caught things like value errors or other
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such exceptions that come with python
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5
well it turns out you the programmer can
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raise that is create your own exceptions
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when something just really goes wrong
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not wrong enough that you want to quit
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and exit the whole program but enough
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4
that you need to somehow alert the
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programmer that there has been an error
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something exceptional in a very bad way
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something exceptional has happened and
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