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let them try to catch that exception as
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needed so let me go back to vs code here
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and propose that if the user passes in
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an invalid name it's just empty so
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there's not a name well what I really
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want to do is this I want to raise a
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value error and we've seen the value
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errors before we've created value errors
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accidentally before and generally you
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and I have try to catch them if they
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happen well the flip side of this
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feature of exceptions in a language like
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python is that you the programmer can
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also raise exceptions when something
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exceptional happens and you can even be
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more precise you don't have to raise a
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generic value error and let the
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programmer figure out what went wrong
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you can treat value error and all
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exceptions in Python like functions and
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actually pass to them a an explanatory
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message like quote unquote missing name
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so that at least the programmer when
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they encounter this error knows oh I
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messed up I didn't make sure that the
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user has a name and now what do you want
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to do instead well now if you're the
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programmer you could do something like
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this you could try to create a student
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except if there's a value error then you
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could handle it in some way and I'm
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going to wave my hand with a dot dot dot
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at how you would handle it but you would
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handle it using try and accept just like
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we have in the past and that would allow
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you the programmer to try to create the
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student but if something goes wrong okay
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okay I'll handle it nonetheless so
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what's new here again is this raise
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keyword that just lets you and I
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actually raise our own exceptions to
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Signal these errors well let me go back
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to my code here and I'm just going to go
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ahead and not bother trying or catching
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this error for now we'll just focus on
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raising it and assume that from our week
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on exceptions you could add try and
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accept as needed in places let me go
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back to the code here and propose that
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something else could go wrong with house
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right if there is a name we're good but
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if we're given a house but it's invalid
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we should probably raise an exception
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for that too so what if we do this if
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house is not in the list containing
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Gryffindor quote unquote uh Hufflepuff
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quote unquote uh let's see Ravenclaw
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quote unquote or uh Slytherin quote
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unquote then with my colon let's raise
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another type of value error but rather
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than raise a generic value error let's
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pass in an argument quote unquote
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invalid house and so here we now see a
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capability that we can do with classes
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that we can't with dictionaries if you
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add an attribute to a dictionary a key
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to a dictionary it's going in no matter
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what even if the name is empty even if
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the house is a completely random string
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of text that's not one of these four
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houses it's going into that dictionary
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but with the class and by way of this
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init method you and I can now control
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exactly what's going to be installed if
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you will inside of this object you have
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a little more control now over
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correctness and so now let me go ahead
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and uh scroll back down to my terminal
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window and clear it let me run python of
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studenty let me type in something like
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Harry let me type in Gryffindor enter
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and we see that indeed Harry is from
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Gryffindor what if I made a mistake
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though what if I ran python of student.
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and typed Harry is the name but I this
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time typed in number four Private Drive
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which is where he grew up instead of his
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proper Hogwarts house let me hit enter
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now and now you see a value error but
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this isn't one that python generated for
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us per se I rais this error and
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therefore if I went in and wrote more
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code in my get student function I could
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also catch this error with our usual try
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except syntax so all we have now is not
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just classes in our toolkit but even
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more Powers when it comes to exceptions
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and not just catching them ourselves but
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raising them ourselves too any questions
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now
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