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time we just didn't call it a class
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until today I can similarly do this one
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explicitly instead of two curly braces
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let's write out dict with two
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parentheses now we have a lot of
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parentheses again like with list but
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this is just making even more clear that
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the type of a dict object is indeed the
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class dict itself so this is to say that
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as new as a lot of today's IDE and
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syntax might be you've actually been
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using it perhaps unbeknownst to you for
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weeks now we now just have terminology
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to describe what it is we've been doing
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all this time and you now have the
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expressiveness with some practice to
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create your own classes inside of which
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are your own instance variables perhaps
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wrapped with those properties and your
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own instance methods but it turns out
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there's other types of methods in the
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world thus far I've been deliberate in
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calling all of our variables instance
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variables and all of our methods uh
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instance methods it turns out there's
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other types of variables and methods out
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there and one of those is called class
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methods it turns out that sometimes it's
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not really necessary or sensible to
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associate a function with objects of a
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class but rather with the class itself
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an instance or an object of a class is a
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very specific Incarnation thereof again
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on that neighborhood that has a lot of
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identical looking buildings but they're
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all a little bit different because of
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different paint and such sometimes you
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might have functionality related to each
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of those houses that isn't distinct or
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unique for any of the houses it's
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functionality that's going to be exactly
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the same no matter the house in question
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same in the world of object oriented
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programming sometimes you want some
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functionality some action to be
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associated with the class itself no
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matter what the specific objects own
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values or instance variables are and for
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that we have a keyword called at class
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method this is another decorator really
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another function that you can use to
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specify that this method is not by
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default implicitly an instance method
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that has access to self the object
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itself this is a class method that's not
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not going to have access to self but it
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does know what class it's inside so what
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do I mean by this well let me go back to
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vs code here and let me propose that we
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create a new file this time implementing
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the notion of a the Sorting Hat from the
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World of Harry Potter as well to stay on
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theme I'm going to go ahead and run code
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of hat. py and in hat. py let's
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implement the notion of this Sorting Hat
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if unfamiliar in the books and in the
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films there is literally a pointy hat
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that when a student put it on their head
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that Sorting Hat so to speak decides
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what house the student is in whether
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it's Gryffindor or something else so
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let's Implement and code this notion of
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a Sorting Hat such that when we pass to
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the Sorting Hat the name of a student
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like quote unquote Harry this Sorting
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Hat implemented in code will tell us
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what house that student should be in all
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right well let's go ahead and do this in
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hat. py first let's go ahead and define
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a class called hat and then let's get
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back to implementing it itself and I
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find this to be a helpful technique not
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just with teaching but when writing code
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like I know I want a ha class I don't
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necessarily know what I want it to do
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yet so I'm going to create this sort of
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placeholder dot dot dot so I'll come
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back to that let's now try to use this
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class as though it existed and from
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there I perhaps can realize exactly what
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functionality that class needs to have
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to support my use case let me go ahead
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and create a variable called hat in all
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lower case and instantiate a hat object
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so no matter what the Hat class ends up
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looking like this is the common Syntax
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for instantiating an object of a certain
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class in the past we saw student all
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lowercase equals Capital student open
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parenthesis closed parenthesis and then
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