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backslash in the world of regular
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Expressions this is a so-called special
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sequence and it indicates per this
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backslash and a single dot that I
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literally want to match on a DOT it's
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not that I want to match on any
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character and then edu I want to match
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on a DOT or a period edu but we don't
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want python to misinterpret this
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backslash is beginning a an escape
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sequence something special like backs
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slash n which even though we as the
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programmer might type two characters
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backslash in it really is interpreted by
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python as a single new line we don't
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want any kind of misinterpretation like
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that here so it turns out there's one
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other thing we should do for regular
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expressions like this that have a backs
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slash used in this way I want to specify
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to python that I want this string this
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regular expression in double quotes to
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be treated as a raw string literally
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putting an r at the beginning of the
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string to indicate to python that you
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should not try to interpret any
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backslashes in the usual way I want to
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literally pass the backslash and the dot
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and the edu into this particular
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function search in this case so it's
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similar in spirit to using that F at the
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beginning of a format string which of
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course tells python to format the string
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in a certain way plugging in variables
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that might be between curly braces but
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in this case r indicates a raw string
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that I want passed in exactly as is now
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it's only strictly necessary if you are
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in fact using backslashes to indicate
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that you want some special sequence like
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backslash dot but in general it's
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probably good habit to get into to just
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use raw strings for all of your regular
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Expressions so that if you eventually go
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back in make a change make an addition
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you don't accidentally introduce a
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backslash and then forget that that
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might have some special or
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misinterpreted meaning well let me go
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ahead and try this new regular
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expression I'll clear my terminal window
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run python of validate run python of
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validate dopy and then I'll type in my
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email address correctly maen harvard.edu
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and that's fortunately still valid Let
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Me Clear My screen and run it one more
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time python of validate dopy and this
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time let's mistype it as maen Harvard
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questionmark edu whereby there's
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obviously not a DOT there but there is
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some other Single Character that last
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time was misinterpreted as valid
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but this time now that I've improved my
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regular expression it's discovered as
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indeed invalid any questions now on this
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technique for matching something to the
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left of the at sign something to the
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right and now ending with edu explicitly
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um what happens when use
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that a good question and you kind of
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called me out here well when in doubt
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let's try let me go ahead and do python
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invalidate dopy
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mailin harvard.edu which also is
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incorrect unfortunately my code thinks
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it's valid so another problem to solve
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but a shortcoming for now other
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questions on these regular Expressions
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thus far can you use curly brackets M
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instead of backslash can you use curly
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brackets instead of backslash not in
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this case if you want a literal dot
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backslash dot is the way to do it
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literally how about one other question
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on regular Expressions is this the same
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thing that that Google forms uses in
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order to categorize data in let's say
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some if you've got multiple people
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sending in requests about some feedback
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do they categorize the data that they
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get using this particular regular
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expression thing indeed if you've ever
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used Google forms to not just submit it
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but to create a Google form one of the
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menu options is for response validation
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in English at least and what that allows
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you to do is specify that the user has
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to input an email address or URL uh or a
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string of some length but there's an
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even more powerful feature that some of
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