text stringlengths 1 81 | start float64 0 10.1k | duration float64 0 24.9 |
|---|---|---|
So that was a few seconds,
which is indeed slower, | 865.58 | 2.91 |
but that really wasn't
that much effort at all. | 868.49 | 2.29 |
So presumably, then, even
four letters of the alphabet | 870.78 | 2.81 |
might not be enough to keep us secure. | 873.59 | 1.59 |
So let me go ahead and do what
we all are told to do anyway, | 875.18 | 3.51 |
which is to go into your phone
or whatever device in question | 878.69 | 3.69 |
and actually use four
characters perhaps instead. | 882.38 | 3.01 |
So not just letters, not just digits,
but let's toss in some punctuation | 885.39 | 3.62 |
as well. | 889.01 | 0.85 |
And in the world of punctuation,
at least on a US English keyboard, | 889.86 | 3.05 |
there's typically as many as 94
possibilities for letters, numbers, | 892.91 | 5.41 |
and punctuation because we
have 26 lowercase letters, 26 | 898.32 | 4.43 |
uppercase letters, 10
decimal digits, 0 through 9, | 902.75 | 3.63 |
and another 32 punctuation symbols
that we can add into the mix as well. | 906.38 | 5.23 |
So that gives me 94 possible
keys that I can hit here, | 911.61 | 3.59 |
or 94 to the fourth power. | 915.2 | 2.1 |
And does anyone want to
estimate what this is? | 917.3 | 2.37 |
We've gone from 10,000
to 7 million to I'm | 919.67 | 3.87 |
seeing it in the chat, roughly
78 million possibilities, so | 923.54 | 3.72 |
in some sense, 10 times more secure. | 927.26 | 2.56 |
Let's go back to my terminal
window, open up my code here, | 929.82 | 3.05 |
and import not only ASCII letters, but
also the digits from before, and also, | 932.87 | 4.17 |
this time, some punctuation as well. | 937.04 | 2.38 |
Now let's go ahead and change
just the ASCII letters alone | 939.42 | 2.45 |
to ASCII letters plus those
digits plus that punctuation. | 941.87 | 3.54 |
And just to save some time, I'm going
to highlight and copy what I just typed, | 945.41 | 3.84 |
and I'm going to change the second
position, the third position, | 949.25 | 3.21 |
and the fourth position, as well, to use
that combination of 94 possibilities. | 952.46 | 4.86 |
I'm going to open up my
terminal window again. | 957.32 | 2.01 |
I'm going to run Python of crack.py. | 959.33 | 1.95 |
And this time, because we have
10 times as many possibilities, | 961.28 | 2.85 |
I kind of had 10 times the amount
of time to walk over to the screen | 964.13 | 4.98 |
because indeed we're still in
the lowercase Es, Fs, Gs, Hs. | 969.11 | 5.7 |
And now it looks a bit like
a Hollywood movie maybe. | 974.81 | 2.218 |
You can perhaps see, even though
it's going across the screen fast, | 977.028 | 2.792 |
that there's a lot of
cryptic output here | 979.82 | 1.708 |
because we're running through
all of the letters, the digits, | 981.528 | 3.062 |
and the punctuation. | 984.59 | 1.12 |
So it looks a little fancy at that. | 985.71 | 2.06 |
Now, you might recall,
too, from Hollywood movies, | 987.77 | 2.34 |
too, that they tend to be very dramatic. | 990.11 | 1.89 |
And so instead of just doing this, which
is iterating from left to right very | 992 | 4.29 |
slowly, the movies and TV
shows tend to very dramatically | 996.29 | 2.677 |
get, like, the third character right,
then the first character right, then | 998.967 | 3.083 |
the fourth character right. | 1,002.05 | 0.75 |
And then just in time, you
get the second one as well. | 1,002.8 | 2.25 |
That's not really ho brute force works. | 1,005.05 | 2.04 |
You tend to do things methodically, not
jumping around from symbol to symbol. | 1,007.09 | 4.48 |
But this is clearly taking a long time. | 1,011.57 | 1.71 |
And I'm not even going to finish waiting
for this to go because we still have | 1,013.28 | 3.47 |
to get through all the punctuation. | 1,016.75 | 1.57 |
So this is to say, ultimately, that
78 million possibilities is actually | 1,018.32 | 4.43 |
getting up there pretty fast. | 1,022.75 | 1.89 |
But honestly, if we come
back in like a minute or so, | 1,024.64 | 2.64 |
I bet that will be finished nonetheless. | 1,027.28 | 2.49 |
And none of us hopefully has a
password that's only four characters | 1,029.77 | 4.319 |
nowadays, letters,
numbers, and punctuation. | 1,034.089 | 3.301 |
Odds are it's at least a
conventional eight characters. | 1,037.39 | 3.06 |
And indeed most websites and apps
require as much of you as well. | 1,040.45 | 3.778 |
Now, the math here is
pretty straightforward too. | 1,044.228 | 2.042 |
If you have 94 possibilities, but you
have eight characters in total now, now | 1,046.27 | 5.73 |
that's 94 to the eighth power. | 1,052 | 2.46 |
And does anyone want a
ballpark just how many | 1,054.46 | 2.85 |
passwords are possible if it's
only eight characters, which | 1,057.31 | 3.66 |
isn't even that long but you
have eight of them total? | 1,060.97 | 5.22 |
Too many, comes back one answer. | 1,066.19 | 2.58 |
Too much to count. | 1,068.77 | 1.398 |
I see that we've given up here. | 1,070.168 | 1.292 |
But, oh, I did see one in the chat. | 1,071.46 | 1.52 |
It's roughly this many
possible passwords, | 1,072.98 | 3.513 |
which is actually a
little hard to figure out. | 1,076.493 | 1.917 |
So this is, let's see, millions,
billions, trillions quadrillions. | 1,078.41 | 5.22 |
So this is 6 quadrillion possibilities. | 1,083.63 | 2.89 |
So now we're talking. | 1,086.52 | 1.25 |
Now the adversary is probably going
to run out of time, run out of energy, | 1,087.77 | 5.46 |
run out of money, run
out of lifetime if it's | 1,093.23 | 2.73 |
going to take this much
time to try to crack, | 1,095.96 | 2.73 |
so to speak, your particular password. | 1,098.69 | 2.97 |
And so here's one of our first
takeaways when it comes to cybersecurity | 1,101.66 | 3.39 |
and securing our accounts. | 1,105.05 | 1.38 |
It really is this game of
relativity and resources. | 1,106.43 | 3.632 |
What we're really doing here
is not something fundamentally | 1,110.062 | 2.458 |
different by adding in digits
and letters and punctuation. | 1,112.52 | 5.46 |
It sort of still the same formula,
the same approach to our passwords. | 1,117.98 | 3.09 |
But as we add complexity, and
as we make it longer and longer, | 1,121.07 | 3.75 |
we're raising the bar to the adversary. | 1,124.82 | 2.82 |
Why? | 1,127.64 | 0.75 |
Well, so long as you and I don't do
something dumb like still choose 0000 | 1,128.39 | 4.773 |
0000 so long as we're choosing something
that's pretty random in that range of 6 | 1,133.163 | 6.027 |
quadrillion possibilities, it's going
to take the adversary way more time than | 1,139.19 | 4.92 |
it would otherwise to brute force
their way into that password. | 1,144.11 | 3.69 |
And so by the time they
finally get into the account, | 1,147.8 | 2.97 |
you might have changed
the password already, | 1,150.77 | 1.95 |
you might not be using the account
anymore, or you or the adversary | 1,152.72 | 3.15 |
might not even be on
this planet anymore. | 1,155.87 | 2.82 |
And that's indeed the goal. | 1,158.69 | 1.29 |
But there is a downside, of course. | 1,159.98 | 2.14 |
The longer your password gets,
and the more complicated it gets, | 1,162.12 | 3.9 |
the more likely you and
I are to not even be | 1,166.02 | 2.87 |
able to remember what that password is. | 1,168.89 | 1.99 |
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