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So, Scully here represents first, and indeed her sheet of paper
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is horizontal to suggest that she is just a node.
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She is just going to be the pointer of to a node in a list.
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Everyone else's nodes are vertical, as have
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been the rectangles we've been drawing on the screen,
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because each of these guys represents a number as well as a next pointer.
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Now of course, you're only seeing in front of you the number.
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So we're going to go ahead and if you wouldn't mind,
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use your left hand to represent the arrow that we've long had on the screen
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to point to the person next to you.
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And Erin, you're a bit of an anomaly, but also
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because you need to have a null pointer at the end of the list,
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so that you're not just pointing aimlessly.
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And pointing to the ground seems fine, so literally
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pointing to the ground will represent-- will infer as null.
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So, Scully, you are the only thing keeping this list together,
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so to speak.
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So, you two need to point with your one pointer to Maria there.
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So, here we have a linked list.
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And just to make this clear, could everyone separate from each other
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by a step or two in any direction?
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Notice that the list is still-- it's almost identical to before.
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Can some of you take a step forward, a step back,
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but still point at the other person?
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So, now we're capturing a little more accurately the fact
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that these nodes and these pointers can be anywhere in memory,
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so long as they're linking themselves together by way of these pointers.
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All right, so suppose now that I want to insert
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an element like 55, which happens to belong at the end of this list.
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Let me go ahead and malloc Christian if I could.
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So we have asked malloc for a chunk of memory equivalent
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to the size of one integer and one pointer.
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That is going to be represented with this rectangle here.
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Nice to see you.
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AUDIENCE: Nice to see you.
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SPEAKER 1: You shall be 55.
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And I'll play the role of the temporary pointer as predecessor pointer
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or pointer just using my left or right hand
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to try to figure out where Christian belongs.
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So, just like you might-- just like we might want to search the list,
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inserting is fundamentally rather the same.
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The only thing I have access to at the outset of this algorithm
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is my first pointer, and it's only by way of Scully
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that I can even access the rest of the list.
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I cannot jump to the middle, jump to the end.
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I can only start at the beginning and literally follow the pointer.
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So, let me go ahead and do that.
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Let me go ahead and point at whatever Scully
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is pointing at, which happens to be Maria, which is the number 9.
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55, of course, is bigger than that, and I
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do want to keep the list sorted for today's purposes.
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So I'm going to very carefully follow the next pointer, 17.
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Follow the next pointer, 20.
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Follow the next pointer, 22.
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Follow the next pointer, 29.
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Follow the next pointer, 34.
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Follow the next pointer, ah dammit, null.
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And so this is why it is important with some of these algorithms
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to have a predecessor pointer, a second pointer or really my left hand
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so that maybe my left hand can still point at Erin.
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My right hand can realize, ah, null, so that I still
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have access to the last node in the list so that Christian--
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if you could come over here.
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I'm going to go ahead and tell Erin quite simply to point at Christian.
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Good, and let's just say for students' sake come on over here,
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but technically we could have left Christian there and just had
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Erin pointing at him.
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It's just going to get a little confusing before long,
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so we'll just cheat and move you right over here.
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But now we have a linked list that has one additional member.
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Suppose now that we want to make another insertion-- pardon.
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Let me go ahead and propose that we insert say the number 5.
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Well, the number 5, of course, belongs at the beginning of the list.
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So you know what?
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I need to malloc.
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Can I malloc Jordan off camera five, perhaps?
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So malloc, a very slow return value.
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OK, we're going to store your node your n value five here.
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His pointer is undefined right now, because he's not actually
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pointing at anything.
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And so where does he ultimately belong?
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Well, he belongs at the start of the list.
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So, let me deliberately make a mistake.
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Let me go ahead and update Scully to point at Jordan,
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thereby putting Jordan effectively at the front of the list.
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Unfortunately, whom should Jordan now point at technically?
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It should be Maria, but this is code.
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The only thing we can do is copy pointers in memory,
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and if Scully's left hand is no longer pointing at Maria,
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I have literally orphaned the entirety of this list.
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I have leaked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 chunks of memory,
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seven nodes, because I got my order of operations out of order.
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Indeed, I should have done what-- let's undo, control Z.
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And now let me go ahead and do what?
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Jordan should point at the exact same thing Scully is pointing at,
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which has no downside.
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Even though it feels redundant, we've not lost any information.
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And now that Jordan is pointing at Maria,
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Scully's pointer can be pointed at Jordan.
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And now, even though the list looks a little weird,
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