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So these three reasons, among others, are
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those might want to move beyond spreadsheets and start using databases.
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Now, it's worth thinking first, what is a database?
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We'll be talking about databases throughout this course.
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So what is a database?
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Well, a database is simply some way to organize your data such
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that you can actually create data, update data, read data, and delete
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data.
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And often these our for interactions that we'll do with a database--
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like adding some data, looking at data, deleting data, and even updating it
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along the way.
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But the database isn't the only thing in our picture here.
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We also have a database management system,
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a way to interact with our database.
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So you might think of perhaps writing a program on your computer.
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You have some interface with to write that program,
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like VS Code for instance.
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Or you might think of your own desktop on your own computer.
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You have icons that you interact with the underlying operating system.
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In the same way, we can use this software called a database management
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system, or a DBMS for short, to interact with a database perhaps
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using a graphical interface or using a textual language too.
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Now, there are a few varieties of database management softwares.
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And these are a few of them here.
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MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, and SQLite.
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But this is a non-exhaustive list.
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So let me also ask again, what kinds of other database management systems
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have you perhaps heard of in this case?
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I'm seeing one for Microsoft Access, perhaps, MongoDB.
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There are other kinds of softwares, other companies out there that make
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these ways to interact with a database.
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And this is, again, a nonexhaustive list.
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Now, if you are a database administrator,
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or maybe you're somebody who's making a choice of which software to use,
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you have a few trade-offs to consider.
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Let's say you might think of one being proprietary, for instance, costing
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money to work with.
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What you get for that money is additional support
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to actually implement your own database.
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On the other hand, you might have open source software or free software
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to use, stuff like PostgreSQL, MySQL, and SQLite.
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But the downside is you are then responsible for actually implementing
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that database.
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Another thing to consider too is that maybe some
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are going to be heavier weight than others, more fully featured
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as a consequence but perhaps heavier weight requiring
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more computation to run.
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You can think of those like MySQL or PostgreSQL
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being a little bit heavier weight but being more fully featured,
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whereas SQLite down below will be a little lighter weight, as the name
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might imply, but allow you to do most of the same work
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that these other softwares could allow you to do as well.
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And in this course, we'll actually be using SQLite for you
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to work with your own databases.
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But gradually, we'll move on to MySQL and PostgreSQL too.
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So let me go ahead and talk about then SQL in this case.
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You might notice that in each of these, MySQL and PostgreSQL and SQLite,
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each of them have this idea of SQL in them.
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And SQL is that language that we'll use to interact with our database.
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Now, let me ask, what does SQL stand for, perhaps?
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We talk about S-Q-L or SQL, but what might SQL stand for?
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So I'm saying it stands for Structured Query Language,
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which is good if you already know this, but not to worry if you don't.
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So SQL does stand for Structured Query Language.
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As we'll see in this course, it is structured.
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It does have some keywords you can use to interact with the database.
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And it is a query language-- it can be used to ask
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questions of data inside a database.
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We'll see that this is the language we can use to create data, to read data,
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to update data, and delete data all with SQL in this case.
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And our next thing will be to talk about this idea of querying.
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So SQL is a query language, but what can we do with SQL?
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Well, the first thing we can do, we'll focus on first
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in this course is writing queries--
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trying to ask questions of data using SQL.
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Well, what kinds of questions could we ask?
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Well, you might imagine perhaps working at an Instagram or a Facebook trying
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to work as an engineer to figure out what kinds of posts
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are the most liked on your platform.
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That's a question you can answer with databases and with SQL.
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You might also think of whether your numbers of daily users
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are growing or shrinking if you work at a startup for instance.
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Even maybe you might be working for some a company like Spotify that could ask,
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how could we play songs that are like those a user just played?
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This too is a question you can answer with databases and with SQL.
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Now today, we'll be focusing on this database of books.
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And in particular, books that have been longlisted,
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quote, unquote, "for the International Booker Prize."
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The International Booker Prize, if you're not familiar,
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is an award given to books written around the world
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by authors from many countries.
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And it's designed to award books of fiction particularly good
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in some cases.
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And every year, the committee selects 13 books
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to include on a longlist for consideration for this prize.
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And our database then has five years worth of longlists
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for the International Booker Prize inside of it.
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We could use this database, perhaps, if we
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were a librarian trying to find books for our library or even as a book
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reader, an avid reader myself trying to find books to read that I
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