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And that's the information that's going to be displayed
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when someone visits this web page.
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And so that's all there really is to this HTML page.
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We specified in the header that there's a title of the page called hello.
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And inside the body, we're saying the page should say the words hello world.
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And if you want to visually think about the way
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that all these HTML elements are structured,
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it can sometimes be helpful to think about an HTML page
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in terms of a tree-like structure that we
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call the document object model, or DOM.
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And so, here, for example, is what the DOM for this web page
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might actually look like.
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Here on the left is the HTML content that we just saw a moment ago.
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And over here on the right is the DOM, the document object model,
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the tree-like structure that describes how all of these HTML elements
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are related to each other.
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So we start up here with the HTML element.
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And this parent element, so to speak, has two child elements
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within it, a head element and a body element.
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As we can see here, we're inside of HTML.
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We have a head section and a body section.
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And the indentation here that we're including in the HTML text,
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it's not strictly necessary.
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The web browser doesn't care what the indentation is.
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But it can be helpful for someone who's reading the page just
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to see the indentation to understand visually that the head is inside
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of the HTML element and the body is inside of the HTML element too.
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So inside of the head element, we have a title element.
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And inside of the title element is just the text, the word hello.
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And likewise, inside of the body element,
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we also have some text, the text hello world.
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So thinking about HTML and HTML documents in terms of this structure
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can be helpful for understanding which HTML elements are inside of which
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other HTML elements.
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And that's going to make it easier for us to reason about these pages
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later on.
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And especially as we later transition into the world of JavaScript,
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JavaScript is going to make it all the more powerful
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and give us the ability to actually modify parts of this DOM as well.
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But we'll certainly get to that in due time.
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So now, let's take a look at some of the other common HTML tags and HTML
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elements that we might be interacting with in our web page.
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And we'll start by thinking about HTML headings, so big banners
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at the top of the page, for example, some headline that
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describes what a page is about.
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So I'll go ahead into my text editor and create a new file
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that I'll call headings.html.
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And the structure of this page is going to be pretty similar to the pages
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that we've seen before already.
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So I'm going to start by just using the hello.html text and paste it in here.
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I'll change the title of the page.
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Instead of hello, we'll go ahead and call it headings.
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But inside the body of this page now, I want something a little bit different.
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I'm going to, inside the body the page, use an h1 element
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and say this is a heading, for example.
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So h1 is a tag that I can use to create a large heading at the top of my page,
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like for the title of the page, for example.
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So if I open up headings.html.
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I might see something that looks like this,
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a big heading at the top of my page that says, this is a heading.
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h1, where the h stands for heading and the 1 stands for the largest
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possible heading.
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And in fact, HTML gives us a number of different tags
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that we can use in order to create headings of various sizes.
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So, for example, I could also say h2 inside of which I say,
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this is a smaller heading.
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If h1 is the largest heading, h2 is the second largest heading.
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So if I load this page, for example, I now see the h1 at the very top.
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This is the big heading.
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And then beneath that, I see this is a smaller heading, the h2.
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And it turns out there's also h3, h4, h5, all the way
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down to h6, which is the smallest heading,
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such that if I load this page now, I have a big heading, a smaller one,
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and then here's the smallest.
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So we can often use these h1, h2, h3 tags
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just for visually organizing text inside of a page.
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If I want the title of the page, but also I
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want titles for each of the various different sections and subsections
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that might be contained within that page as well.
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So those are headings.
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And now, let's also take a look at some other elements
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that we might want to add.
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On web pages, we see not just titles and not just text,
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but we might also see lists, for example.
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Like if you've ever used a to do list program on a web page,
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for example, you might see a list of things that you need to do
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or other web pages might display lists of information.
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And it turns out that HTML has two basic types of lists.
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We have ordered lists for things that are in a particular order,
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like item number 1, item number 2, item number 3.
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And we have unordered lists for lists that don't have any particular order.
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So just bullet point, bullet point, bullet point, for example.
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And both are quite easy to use.
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I'll go ahead and create a new file.
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And we'll call this lists.html.
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And again, in list.html, I'll copy the same structure from hello.html.
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We're again going to have DOCTYPE html just to indicate the version of HTML.
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Most of the heading is the same.
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I'm just going to change the title from Hello to Lists.
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And then we're going to replace the body of this page
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