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We're going to conventionally use dot scss to stand for this is a Sass file.
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So here is now variables.scss.
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And now what I can do in Sass is I can actually create variables
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in the same way that we could create variables in a programming language,
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like Python, which we'll soon see.
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CSS normally doesn't support variables, but Sass
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is going to give us that power.
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In Sass, all variables begin with a dollar sign.
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So I can create a variable $color to create a variable called color.
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And I can say the variable called color is going to be equal to red.
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So this line here, line 1, is my way of telling
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Sass I'd like to create a variable called color
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and I'd like for its value to be red.
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And now, I can add the same styling I had before.
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I can just use normal CSS and say for an unordered list
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I'd like the font size to be 14 pixels.
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But the color, instead of saying red here, I can use the name of a variable.
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I can say $color to mean go ahead and use the value of the variable color
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as the color for this unordered list.
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Then for an ordered list, I'll also say font size 18 pixels
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and say color should also be this variable called color.
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By using a variable, I've removed the repetition.
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Rather than having the word red show up in multiple places in my code
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where I would need to change it twice if I ever needed to change it,
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now I have defined the variable once.
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And I only ever need to change it in one place
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if I ever need to make modifications to this particular file.
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So now, let's try and link this file.
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We'll go back to variables.html.
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Instead of putting the style code here, I'll go ahead and link a style sheet
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and say, the href should be variables.scss,
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because that's the file where my styling exists.
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So now let me try and open up variables.html after I've linked
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the CSS.
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And, all right, something seems not quite right.
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I specified font sizes.
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I specified that everything should be red.
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But it's not showing up.
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Everything is showing up black.
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And I don't see any of the differences in sizing.
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And the reason for this is while the web browser, things like Chrome and Safari
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and Firefox can understand CSS, they can't by default understand
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SCSS, or Sass.
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Sass is an extension to CSS that web browsers don't understand out
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of the box.
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So in order to solve this problem, once we've written our Sass file,
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we need to compile it, convert it, translate it, so to speak,
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from Sass into plain old CSS so that our browser is able to understand it.
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And in order to do this, you'll need to install
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a program called Sass on your computer.
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And you can install it on Mac or PC or Linux.
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And now, in the terminal, in order to do this compilation,
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I'm going to say Sass variables.scss, the file I'd like to compile,
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colon variables.css.
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So variables.scss is the file that I would like to compile.
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And the file I'd like to generate is variables.css.
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I'd like to turn my Sass file into a plain old CSS file.
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I'll go ahead and press Return.
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And all right, that compilation process is now done.
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And so now, inside of variables.html, instead of referencing the SCSS file,
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I'm going to reference the CSS file as the style sheet,
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because my web browser only understands CSS, it doesn't understand Sass.
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Now, when I load the page, now I see the result I expect.
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Everything shows up as red and the font sizes are different.
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So ultimately, this was a 2-step process.
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I first needed to take my Sass code, compile it into CSS.
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And then I could link the CSS to this particular page.
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But the advantage now is that if ever I want to make some sort of change,
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I want to change the color, rather than change it in two places,
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or you might imagine in a more complex page, like tens or dozens of places,
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I just go to the SCSS file, and I change the color from red to blue.
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Now, if I refresh the page, all right everything is still red.
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And that's because I forgot a step.
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I changed the Sass file.
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But that doesn't automatically change the CSS file.
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I need to now recompile the CSS file by saying Sass variables.scss
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variables.css, to compile the file again using the updated Sass file.
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And now, I see the updated changes.
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And if you're curious as to what the updated file looks like,
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I'm actually look at variables.css to see what code happens to be there,
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and, though, it's styled a little bit strangely.
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You can see that I have a UL with a font size a 14 and a color of blue.
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So they've substituted the word blue for this variable.
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And they've done the same thing for ordered lists as well.
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Now, in practice, it's going to be pretty annoying
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if I'm building a web page, building using Sass,
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if I constantly need to go back and recompile my Sass into CSS
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every single time.
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What I'd like to do is just automate that process.
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And Sass makes it easy to do this.
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I can just say, Sass dash dash watch variables.scss variables.css.
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And what that's going to do is now you see Sass is watching for changes.
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Sass is going to monitor the variables.scss file.
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And if ever I change my Sass file, Sass is going to know about it.
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And it's automatically going to recompile the corresponding CSS file.
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And you can do this not just with single files, but entire directories
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as well if you have multiple different Sass files.
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So now, what I can do is if in the variables.scss file I change
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the color--
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instead of blue, I now want it to be green, for example--
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