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What is (are) Gilbert syndrome ? | Gilbert syndrome is a relatively mild condition characterized by periods of elevated levels of a toxic substance called bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia). Bilirubin, which has an orange-yellow tint, is produced when red blood cells are broken down. This substance is removed from the body only after it undergo... | Gilbert syndrome |
How many people are affected by Gilbert syndrome ? | Gilbert syndrome is a common condition that is estimated to affect 3 to 7 percent of Americans. | Gilbert syndrome |
What are the genetic changes related to Gilbert syndrome ? | Changes in the UGT1A1 gene cause Gilbert syndrome. This gene provides instructions for making the bilirubin uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (bilirubin-UGT) enzyme, which is found primarily in liver cells and is necessary for the removal of bilirubin from the body. The bilirubin-UGT enzyme performs a chemic... | Gilbert syndrome |
Is Gilbert syndrome inherited ? | Gilbert syndrome can have different inheritance patterns. When the condition is caused by the UGT1A1*28 change in the promoter region of the UGT1A1 gene, it is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have the mutation. The parents of an individual with an autosomal ... | Gilbert syndrome |
What are the treatments for Gilbert syndrome ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Gilbert syndrome: - Genetic Testing Registry: Gilbert's syndrome These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Surgery and Rehabilitation - Genetic Coun... | Gilbert syndrome |
What is (are) frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17 ? | Frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17 (FTDP-17) is a progressive brain disorder that affects behavior, language, and movement. The symptoms of this disorder usually become noticeable in a person's forties or fifties. Most affected people survive 5 to 10 years after the appearance of symptoms, although a few have... | frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17 |
How many people are affected by frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17 ? | The worldwide prevalence of FTDP-17 is unknown. In the Netherlands, where the disease prevalence has been studied, it is estimated to affect 1 in 1 million people. However, the disorder is likely underdiagnosed, so it may actually be more common than this. FTDP-17 probably accounts for a small percentage of all cases ... | frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17 |
What are the genetic changes related to frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17 ? | FTDP-17 is caused by mutations in the MAPT gene. This gene is located on chromosome 17, which is how the disease got its name. The MAPT gene provides instructions for making a protein called tau. This protein is found throughout the nervous system, including in nerve cells (neurons) in the brain. It is involved in ass... | frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17 |
Is frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17 inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. | frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17 |
What are the treatments for frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17 ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of FTDP-17: - Gene Review: Gene Review: MAPT-Related Disorders - Genetic Testing Registry: Frontotemporal dementia These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Thera... | frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17 |
What is (are) mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency ? | Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency is a rare condition that prevents the body from converting certain fats to energy, particularly during periods without food (fasting). Signs and symptoms of mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency may begin during infancy or later in life. Features that occur durin... | mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency |
How many people are affected by mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency ? | Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency is a rare disorder; its incidence is unknown. | mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency |
What are the genetic changes related to mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency ? | Mutations in the HADHA and HADHB genes cause mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency. These genes each provide instructions for making part of an enzyme complex called mitochondrial trifunctional protein. This enzyme complex functions in mitochondria, the energy-producing centers within cells. As the name sugges... | mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency |
Is mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. | mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency |
What are the treatments for mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency: - Baby's First Test - Genetic Testing Registry: Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Hypoglycemia - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Peripheral Neuropathy These resources from Medl... | mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency |
What is (are) Leydig cell hypoplasia ? | Leydig cell hypoplasia is a condition that affects male sexual development. It is characterized by underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of Leydig cells in the testes. Leydig cells secrete male sex hormones (androgens) that are important for normal male sexual development before birth and during puberty. In Leydig cell hypopl... | Leydig cell hypoplasia |
How many people are affected by Leydig cell hypoplasia ? | Leydig cell hypoplasia is a rare disorder; its prevalence is unknown. | Leydig cell hypoplasia |
What are the genetic changes related to Leydig cell hypoplasia ? | Mutations in the LHCGR gene cause Leydig cell hypoplasia. The LHCGR gene provides instructions for making a protein called the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor. Receptor proteins have specific sites into which certain other proteins, called ligands, fit like keys into locks. Together, ligands and the... | Leydig cell hypoplasia |
Is Leydig cell hypoplasia inherited ? | This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. Only people who... | Leydig cell hypoplasia |
What are the treatments for Leydig cell hypoplasia ? | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Leydig cell hypoplasia: - Genetic Testing Registry: Leydig cell agenesis - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Ambiguous Genitalia - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Hypospadias - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Intersex These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the ... | Leydig cell hypoplasia |
What is (are) Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Mineral and bone disorder in CKD occurs when damaged kidneys and abnormal hormone levels cause calcium and phosphorus levels in a persons blood to be out of balance. Mineral and bone disorder commonly occurs in people with CKD and affects most people with kidney failure receiving dialysis.
In the past,... | Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease |
What is (are) Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Chronic kidney disease is kidney damage that occurs slowly over many years, often due to diabetes or high blood pressure. Once damaged, the kidneys cant filter blood as they should. This damage can cause wastes to build up in the body and other problems that can harm a persons health, including mineral and bone disorde... | Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease |
What causes Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Chronic kidney disease causes mineral and bone disorder because the kidneys do not properly balance the mineral levels in the body. The kidneys
- stop activating calcitriol. The low levels of calcitriol in the body create an imbalance of calcium in the blood. - do not remove the phosphorus in the bloo... | Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease |
What are the symptoms of Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | In adults, symptoms of mineral and bone disorder in CKD may not appear until bone changes have taken place for many years. For this reason, people often refer to the disease as a silent crippler. Eventually, a person with the condition may begin to feel bone and joint pain.
Mineral an... | Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease |
What are the complications of Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | The complications of mineral and bone disorder in CKD include slowed bone growth and deformities, and heart and blood vessel problems.
Slowed Bone Growth and Deformities
Damaged kidneys must work harder to clear phosphorus from the body. High levels of phosphorus cause lower levels of ... | Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease |
How to diagnose Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider diagnoses mineral and bone disorder in CKD with
- a family and medical history - a physical exam - a blood test - a bone biopsy - an x-ray
Family and Medical History
Taking a medical and family history is one of the first things a health care... | Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease |
What are the treatments for Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Treating mineral and bone disorder in CKD includes preventing damage to bones by controlling parathyroid hormone levels through changes in eating, diet, and nutrition; medications and supplements; and dialysis. If these treatments do not bring parathyroid hormone levels under control, a health care provider may remove ... | Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease |
What to do for Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | - Mineral and bone disorder in chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurs when damaged kidneys and abnormal hormone levels cause calcium and phosphorus levels in a persons blood to be out of balance. Mineral and bone disorder commonly occurs in people with CKD and affects most people with kidney failure receiving dialysis. -... | Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease |
What is (are) Urinary Incontinence in Children ? | Urinary incontinence is the loss of bladder control, which results in the accidental loss of urine. A child with UI may not stay dry during the day or night. Some UI is caused by a health problem such as
- a urinary tract infection (UTI) - diabetes, a condition where blood glucose, also called blood s... | Urinary Incontinence in Children |
How many people are affected by Urinary Incontinence in Children ? | By 5 years of age, more than 90 percent of children can control urination during the day. Nighttime wetting is more common than daytime wetting in children, affecting 30 percent of 4-year-olds. The condition resolves itself in about 15 percent of children each year; about 10 percent of 7-year-olds, 3 percent of 12-year... | Urinary Incontinence in Children |
What causes Urinary Incontinence in Children ? | The exact cause of most cases of nighttime UI is not known. Though a few cases are caused by structural problems in the urinary tract, most cases probably result from a mix of factors including slower physical development, an overproduction of urine at night, and the inability to recognize bladder filling when asleep. ... | Urinary Incontinence in Children |
What causes Urinary Incontinence in Children ? | Daytime UI can be caused by a UTI or structural problems in the urinary tract. Daytime UI that is not associated with UTI or structural problems is less common and tends to disappear much earlier than nighttime UI. Overactive bladder and infrequent or incomplete voiding, or urination, are common causes of daytime UI.
... | Urinary Incontinence in Children |
What are the treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Children ? | Most UI fades away naturally as a child grows and develops and does not require treatment. When treatment is needed, options include bladder training and related strategies, moisture alarms, and medications.
Growth and Development
As children mature
- bladder capacity ... | Urinary Incontinence in Children |
What to do for Urinary Incontinence in Children ? | Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing UI in children, though ensuring sufficient fluid intake throughout the day and avoiding caffeine intake may be helpful. | Urinary Incontinence in Children |
What to do for Urinary Incontinence in Children ? | - Urinary incontinence (UI) is the loss of bladder control, which results in the accidental loss of urine. A child with UI may not stay dry during the day or night. Although UI affects many children, it usually disappears naturally over time. - By 5 years of age, more than 98 percent of children can control urination ... | Urinary Incontinence in Children |
What is (are) Hemochromatosis ? | Hemochromatosis is the most common form of iron overload disease. Too much iron in the body causes hemochromatosis. Iron is important because it is part of hemoglobin, a molecule in the blood that transports oxygen from the lungs to all body tissues. However, too much iron in the body leads to iron overloada buildup of... | Hemochromatosis |
What causes Hemochromatosis ? | Primary Hemochromatosis
Inherited genetic defects cause primary hemochromatosis, and mutations in the HFE gene are associated with up to 90 percent of cases.1 The HFE gene helps regulate the amount of iron absorbed from food. The two known mutations of HFE are C282Y and H63D. C282Y defects are the most... | Hemochromatosis |
What are the symptoms of Hemochromatosis ? | A person with hemochromatosis may notice one or more of the following symptoms:
- joint pain - fatigue, or feeling tired - unexplained weight loss - abnormal bronze or gray skin color - abdominal pain - loss of sex drive
Not everyone with hemochromatosis will develop these symptom... | Hemochromatosis |
What are the complications of Hemochromatosis ? | Without treatment, iron may build up in the organs and cause complications, including
- cirrhosis, or scarring of liver tissue - diabetes - irregular heart rhythms or weakening of the heart muscle - arthritis - erectile dysfunction
The complication most often associated with hemoch... | Hemochromatosis |
How to diagnose Hemochromatosis ? | Health care providers use medical and family history, a physical exam, and routine blood tests to diagnose hemochromatosis or other conditions that could cause the same symptoms or complications.
- Medical and family history. Taking a medical and family history is one of the first things a health care ... | Hemochromatosis |
What are the treatments for Hemochromatosis ? | Health care providers treat hemochromatosis by drawing blood. This process is called phlebotomy. Phlebotomy rids the body of extra iron. This treatment is simple, inexpensive, and safe.
Based on the severity of the iron overload, a patient will have phlebotomy to remove a pint of blood once or twice a ... | Hemochromatosis |
What to do for Hemochromatosis ? | Iron is an essential nutrient found in many foods. Healthy people usually absorb less than 10 percent of iron in the food they eat.6 People with hemochromatosis absorb up to 30 percent of that iron.6 People with hemochromatosis can help prevent iron overload by
- eating only moderate amounts of iron-ri... | Hemochromatosis |
What to do for Hemochromatosis ? | - Hemochromatosis is the most common form of iron overload disease. Too much iron in the body causes hemochromatosis. - Inherited genetic defects cause primary hemochromatosis. - Primary hemochromatosis mainly affects Caucasians of Northern European descent. - A person with hemochromatosis may notice one or more of ... | Hemochromatosis |
What is (are) Causes of Diabetes ? | Diabetes is a complex group of diseases with a variety of causes. People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia.
Diabetes is a disorder of metabolismthe way the body uses digested food for energy. The digestive tract breaks down carbohydratessugars and star... | Causes of Diabetes |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Type 1 diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin due to the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. In type 1 diabetesan autoimmune diseasethe bodys immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells. Normally, the immune system protects the body from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, ... | Causes of Diabetes |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Type 2 diabetesthe most common form of diabetesis caused by a combination of factors, including insulin resistance, a condition in which the bodys muscle, fat, and liver cells do not use insulin effectively. Type 2 diabetes develops when the body can no longer produce enough insulin to compensate for the impaired abili... | Causes of Diabetes |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Dysfunction
Hormones produced by the placenta and other pregnancy-related factors contribute to insulin resistance, which occurs in all women during late pregnancy. Insulin resistance increases the amount of insulin needed to control blood glucose levels. If the pancrea... | Causes of Diabetes |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Other types of diabetes have a variety of possible causes.
Genetic Mutations Affecting Beta Cells, Insulin, and Insulin Action
Some relatively uncommon forms of diabetes known as monogenic diabetes are caused by mutations, or changes, in a single gene. These mutations are usually inher... | Causes of Diabetes |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Other types of diabetes have a variety of possible causes.
Genetic Mutations Affecting Beta Cells, Insulin, and Insulin Action
Some relatively uncommon forms of diabetes known as monogenic diabetes are caused by mutations, or changes, in a single gene. These mutations are usually inher... | Causes of Diabetes |
What to do for Causes of Diabetes ? | - Diabetes is a complex group of diseases with a variety of causes. Scientists believe genes and environmental factors interact to cause diabetes in most cases. - People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia. Diabetes develops when the body doesnt make enough insulin or i... | Causes of Diabetes |
What is (are) Ulcerative Colitis ? | Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, or long lasting, disease that causes inflammationirritation or swellingand sores called ulcers on the inner lining of the large intestine.
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). C... | Ulcerative Colitis |
What is (are) Ulcerative Colitis ? | The large intestine is part of the GI tract, a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anusan opening through which stool leaves the body. The last part of the GI tract, called the lower GI tract, consists of the large intestinewhich includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectuma... | Ulcerative Colitis |
What causes Ulcerative Colitis ? | The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown. Researchers believe the following factors may play a role in causing ulcerative colitis:
- overactive intestinal immune system - genes - environment
Overactive intestinal immune system. Scientists believe one cause of ulcerative colit... | Ulcerative Colitis |
What are the symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis ? | The most common signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis are diarrhea with blood or pus and abdominal discomfort. Other signs and symptoms include
- an urgent need to have a bowel movement - feeling tired - nausea or loss of appetite - weight loss - fever - anemiaa condition in which the body has ... | Ulcerative Colitis |
How to diagnose Ulcerative Colitis ? | A health care provider diagnoses ulcerative colitis with the following:
- medical and family history - physical exam - lab tests - endoscopies of the large intestine
The health care provider may perform a series of medical tests to rule out other bowel disorders, such as irritable b... | Ulcerative Colitis |
What are the treatments for Ulcerative Colitis ? | A health care provider treats ulcerative colitis with
- medications - surgery
Which treatment a person needs depends on the severity of the disease and the symptoms. Each person experiences ulcerative colitis differently, so health care providers adjust treatments to improve the perso... | Ulcerative Colitis |
What to do for Ulcerative Colitis ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing ulcerative colitis symptoms. Good nutrition is important in the management of ulcerative colitis, however. Dietary changes can help reduce symptoms. A health care provider may recommend dietary changes such as
- avoiding... | Ulcerative Colitis |
What are the complications of Ulcerative Colitis ? | Complications of ulcerative colitis can include
- rectal bleedingwhen ulcers in the intestinal lining open and bleed. Rectal bleeding can cause anemia, which health care providers can treat with diet changes and iron supplements. People who have a large amount of bleeding in the intestine over a short ... | Ulcerative Colitis |
What to do for Ulcerative Colitis ? | - Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, or long lasting, disease that causes inflammationirritation or swellingand sores called ulcers on the inner lining of the large intestine. - The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown. Researchers believe that factors such as an overactive intestinal immune system, genes, and e... | Ulcerative Colitis |
What is (are) What I need to know about Cirrhosis ? | Cirrhosis* is scarring of the liver. Scar tissue forms because of injury or long-term disease. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue and blocks the normal flow of blood through the liver.
A healthy liver
- makes proteins - helps fight infections - cleans the blood - helps digest... | What I need to know about Cirrhosis |
What causes What I need to know about Cirrhosis ? | Causes of cirrhosis include
- heavy alcohol use - some drugs, medicines, and harmful chemicals - infections - chronic hepatitis B, C, or Dviral infections that attack the liver - autoimmune hepatitis, which causes the bodys immune system to destroy liver cells - nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, w... | What I need to know about Cirrhosis |
What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Cirrhosis ? | You may have no symptoms in the early stages of cirrhosis. As cirrhosis gets worse you may
- feel tired or weak - lose your appetite - feel sick to your stomach - lose weight - notice red, spider-shaped blood vessels under your skin
Cirrhosis can lead to other serious problems:
... | What I need to know about Cirrhosis |
How to diagnose What I need to know about Cirrhosis ? | Your doctor will examine you and may perform
- blood tests to see whether your liver is working properly - imaging tests, which may show the size of your liver and show swelling or shrinkage - a liver biopsy, in which a doctor uses a needle to take a small piece of liver tissue to view with a micro... | What I need to know about Cirrhosis |
What are the treatments for What I need to know about Cirrhosis ? | Once you have cirrhosis, nothing can make all the scar tissue go away. But treating the cause will keep cirrhosis from getting worse. For example, if cirrhosis is from heavy alcohol use, the treatment is to completely stop drinking alcohol. If cirrhosis is caused by hepatitis C, then the hepatitis C virus is treated wi... | What I need to know about Cirrhosis |
What are the treatments for What I need to know about Cirrhosis ? | If too much scar tissue forms, your liver could fail. Then you will need a liver transplant. A liver transplant can return you to good health. For information about liver transplantation, see the booklet What I need to know about Liver Transplantation from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Dis... | What I need to know about Cirrhosis |
How to prevent What I need to know about Cirrhosis ? | To prevent cirrhosis,
- see your doctor for treatment of your liver disease. Many of the causes of cirrhosis are treatable. Early treatment may prevent cirrhosis. - try to keep your weight in the normal range. Being overweight can make several liver diseases worse. - do not drink any alcohol. Alcoh... | What I need to know about Cirrhosis |
What to do for What I need to know about Cirrhosis ? | #NAME? | What I need to know about Cirrhosis |
What is (are) Urinary Retention ? | Urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder completely. Urinary retention can be acute or chronic. Acute urinary retention happens suddenly and lasts only a short time. People with acute urinary retention cannot urinate at all, even though they have a full bladder. Acute urinary retention, a potentially lif... | Urinary Retention |
What is (are) Urinary Retention ? | The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing urine, which is composed of wastes and extra fluid. In order for normal urination to occur, all body parts in the urinary tract need to work together in the correct order.
Kidneys. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of... | Urinary Retention |
What causes Urinary Retention ? | Urinary retention can result from
- obstruction of the urethra - nerve problems - medications - weakened bladder muscles
Obstruction of the Urethra
Obstruction of the urethra causes urinary retention by blocking the normal urine flow out of the body. Conditions such... | Urinary Retention |
How many people are affected by Urinary Retention ? | Urinary retention in men becomes more common with age.
- In men 40 to 83 years old, the overall incidence of urinary retention is 4.5 to 6.8 per 1,000 men.2 - For men in their 70s, the overall incidence increases to 100 per 1,000 men.2 - For men in their 80s, the incidence of acute urinary retention ... | Urinary Retention |
What are the symptoms of Urinary Retention ? | The symptoms of acute urinary retention may include the following and require immediate medical attention:
- inability to urinate - painful, urgent need to urinate - pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen - bloating of the lower abdomen
The symptoms of chronic urinary retention may... | Urinary Retention |
How to diagnose Urinary Retention ? | A health care provider diagnoses acute or chronic urinary retention with
- a physical exam - postvoid residual measurement
A health care provider may use the following medical tests to help determine the cause of urinary retention:
- cystoscopy - computerized tomogra... | Urinary Retention |
What are the treatments for Urinary Retention ? | A health care provider treats urinary retention with
- bladder drainage - urethral dilation - urethral stents - prostate medications - surgery
The type and length of treatment depend on the type and cause of urinary retention.
Bladder Drainage
Blad... | Urinary Retention |
What are the treatments for Urinary Retention ? | Complications of urinary retention and its treatments may include
- UTIs - bladder damage - kidney damage - urinary incontinence after prostate, tumor, or cancer surgery
UTIs. Urine is normally sterile, and the normal flow of urine usually prevents bacteria from infecting the urinar... | Urinary Retention |
How to prevent Urinary Retention ? | People can prevent urinary retention before it occurs by treating some of the potential causes. For example, men with benign prostatic hyperplasia should take prostate medications as prescribed by their health care provider. Men with benign prostatic hyperplasia should avoid medications associated with urinary retentio... | Urinary Retention |
What to do for Urinary Retention ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing urinary retention. | Urinary Retention |
What to do for Urinary Retention ? | - Urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder completely. - Urinary retention can be acute or chronic. - Urinary retention can result from - obstruction of the urethra - nerve problems - medications - weakened bladder muscles - The symptoms of acute urinary retention may include the follo... | Urinary Retention |
What is (are) Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Growth failure is a complication of CKD in which children do not grow as expected. When a child is below the third percentilemeaning 97 percent of children the same age and gender are tallerhe or she has growth failure.1 CKD is kidney disease that does not go away with treatment and tends to get worse over time.
... | Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease |
What is (are) Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. Children produce less urine than... | Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease |
What causes Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Researchers have found that many factors cause growth failure in children with CKD. In addition to removing wastes and extra fluid from the blood, the kidneys perform important functions for a childs growth. Understanding normal kidney function and growth helps families understand what causes growth failure in children... | Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease |
What are the treatments for Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Health care providers treat growth failure in children with CKD with
- changes in eating, diet, and nutrition - medications - growth hormone therapy
Most children with growth failure grow to about one-third of their adult height within the first two years of life; therefore, it is im... | Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease |
What to do for Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Children with CKD may lose their appetite or lack the energy to eat. To treat growth failure in children, a health care provider may recommend dietary changes, such as
- adding calcium. Children with CKD should get the recommended level of calcium for their age from their diet or from calcium supplemen... | Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease |
What to do for Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease ? | #NAME? | Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease |
What is (are) Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | Urinary incontinence is the loss of bladder control, resulting in the accidental leakage of urine from the body. For example, a man may feel a strong, sudden need, or urgency, to urinate just before losing a large amount of urine, called urgency incontinence.
UI can be slightly bothersome or totally de... | Urinary Incontinence in Men |
What is (are) Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing urine, which is composed of wastes and extra fluid. In order for normal urination to occur, all parts in the urinary tract need to work together in the correct order.
Kidneys. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fi... | Urinary Incontinence in Men |
What is (are) Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | The prostate is a walnut-shaped gland that is part of the male reproductive system. The prostate has two or more lobes, or sections, enclosed by an outer layer of tissue. Located in front of the rectum and just below the bladder, the prostate surrounds the urethra at the neck of the bladder and supplies fluid that goes... | Urinary Incontinence in Men |
What causes Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | Urinary incontinence in men results when the brain does not properly signal the bladder, the sphincters do not squeeze strongly enough, or both. The bladder muscle may contract too much or not enough because of a problem with the muscle itself or the nerves controlling the bladder muscle. Damage to the sphincter muscle... | Urinary Incontinence in Men |
What is (are) Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | The types of UI in men include
- urgency incontinence - stress incontinence - functional incontinence - overflow incontinence - transient incontinence
Urgency Incontinence
Urgency incontinence happens when a man urinates involuntarily after he has a strong desire, ... | Urinary Incontinence in Men |
How many people are affected by Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | Urinary incontinence occurs in 11 to 34 percent of older men. Two to 11 percent of older men report daily UI.1 Although more women than men develop UI, the chances of a man developing UI increase with age because he is more likely to develop prostate problems as he ages. Men are also less likely to speak with a health ... | Urinary Incontinence in Men |
How to diagnose Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | Men should tell a health care professional, such as a family practice physician, a nurse, an internist, or a urologista doctor who specializes in urinary problemsthey have UI, even if they feel embarrassed. To diagnose UI, the health care professional will
- take a medical history - conduct a physical... | Urinary Incontinence in Men |
What are the treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | Treatment depends on the type of UI.
Urgency Incontinence
As a first line of therapy for urgency incontinence, a health care professional may recommend the following techniques to treat a mans problem:
- behavioral and lifestyle changes - bladder training - pelvic fl... | Urinary Incontinence in Men |
How to prevent Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | People who smoke should stop. Quitting smoking at any age promotes bladder health and overall health. Smoking increases a persons chance of developing stress incontinence, as it increases coughing. Some people say smoking worsens their bladder irritation. Smoking causes most cases of bladder cancer. People who smoke fo... | Urinary Incontinence in Men |
What to do for Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | - Urinary incontinence (UI) is the loss of bladder control, resulting in the accidental leakage of urine from the body. - The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing urine, which is composed of wastes and extra fluid. - Every day, the kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 ... | Urinary Incontinence in Men |
What are the treatments for Analgesic Nephropathy (Painkillers and the Kidneys) ? | If you have been taking analgesics regularly to control chronic pain, you may be advised to find new ways to treat your pain, such as behavior modification or relaxation techniques. Depending on how much your kidney function has declined, you may be advised to change your diet, limit the fluids you drink, or take medic... | Analgesic Nephropathy (Painkillers and the Kidneys) |
What is (are) Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults ? | Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms that indicate kidney damage. Nephrotic syndrome includes the following:
- proteinurialarge amounts of protein in the urine - hyperlipidemiahigher than normal fat and cholesterol levels in the blood - edema, or swelling, usually in the legs, feet, or ankl... | Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults |
What causes Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults ? | Nephrotic syndrome can be caused by diseases that affect only the kidneys, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or membranous nephropathy. Diseases that affect only the kidneys are called primary causes of nephrotic syndrome. The glomeruli are usually the targets of these diseases for reasons that are not ... | Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults |
What are the symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults ? | In addition to proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, edema, and hypoalbumina, people with nephrotic syndrome may experience
- weight gain - fatigue - foamy urine - loss of appetite | Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults |
What are the complications of Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults ? | The loss of different proteins from the body can lead to a variety of complications in people with nephrotic syndrome. Blood clots can form when proteins that normally prevent them are lost through the urine. Blood clots can block the flow of blood and oxygen through a blood vessel. Loss of immunoglobulinsimmune system... | Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults |
How to diagnose Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults ? | Urine samples are taken to diagnose people suspected of having nephrotic syndrome.
Nephrotic syndrome is diagnosed when large amounts of protein are found in the urine. The blood protein albumin makes up much of the protein that is lost, though many other important proteins are also lost in nephrotic s... | Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults |
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