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What is (are) Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronicor long lastingdisease in which the body's immune system attacks the normal components, or cells, of the liver and causes inflammation and liver damage. The immune system normally protects people from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, viruses, and other potentially harmf... | Autoimmune Hepatitis |
What is (are) Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the body's immune system attacks the body's own cells and organs with proteins called autoantibodies; this process is called autoimmunity.
The body's immune system normally makes large numbers of proteins called antibodies to help the body fight off infections... | Autoimmune Hepatitis |
What causes Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | A combination of autoimmunity, environmental triggers, and a genetic predisposition can lead to autoimmune hepatitis. | Autoimmune Hepatitis |
What is (are) Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Autoimmune hepatitis is classified into several types. Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis is the most common form in North America. Type 1 can occur at any age; however, it most often starts in adolescence or young adulthood. About 70 percent of people with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis are female.1
People with... | Autoimmune Hepatitis |
What are the symptoms of Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | The most common symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis are
- fatigue - joint pain - nausea - loss of appetite - pain or discomfort over the liver - skin rashes - dark yellow urine - light-colored stools - jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes
Symptoms of autoimmun... | Autoimmune Hepatitis |
How to diagnose Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | A health care provider will make a diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis based on symptoms, a physical exam, blood tests, and a liver biopsy.
A health care provider performs a physical exam and reviews the person's health history, including the use of alcohol and medications that can harm the liver. A pers... | Autoimmune Hepatitis |
What are the treatments for Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Treatment for autoimmune hepatitis includes medication to suppress, or slow down, an overactive immune system. Treatment may also include a liver transplant.
Treatment works best when autoimmune hepatitis is diagnosed early. People with autoimmune hepatitis generally respond to standard treatment and t... | Autoimmune Hepatitis |
What is (are) Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | People with autoimmune hepatitis and cirrhosis are at risk of developing liver cancer. A health care provider will monitor the person with a regular ultrasound examination of the liver. Ultrasound uses a device, called a transducer, that bounces safe, painless sound waves off organs to create an image of their structur... | Autoimmune Hepatitis |
What to do for Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing autoimmune hepatitis. | Autoimmune Hepatitis |
What to do for Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | - Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronicor long lastingdisease in which the body's immune system attacks the liver and causes inflammation and damage. - Autoimmune hepatitis is a serious condition that may worsen over time if not treated. Autoimmune hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. - Autoimmune hepatitis... | Autoimmune Hepatitis |
What is (are) Whipple Disease ? | Whipple disease is a rare bacterial infection that primarily affects the small intestine. The infection may spread to any organ in the body; however, it more commonly affects the
- joints - central nervous system, which includes the brain, the spinal cord, and nerves located throughout the body - hea... | Whipple Disease |
What is (are) Whipple Disease ? | The small intestine is part of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is a tube-shaped organ between the stomach and large intestine. The upper GI tract also includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, or the first part of the small intestine.
Most food digestion and nutrient absorption ta... | Whipple Disease |
What causes Whipple Disease ? | Bacteria called Tropheryma whipplei (T. whipplei) cause Whipple disease. T. whipplei infection can cause internal sores, also called lesions, and thickening of tissues in the small intestine. The villi take on an abnormal, clublike appearance and the damaged intestinal lining does not properly absorb nutrients, causing... | Whipple Disease |
What are the symptoms of Whipple Disease ? | Signs and symptoms of Whipple disease can vary widely from person to person. The most common symptoms of Whipple disease are
- diarrhea - weight loss caused by malabsorption
A person may not have diarrhea. Instead, other signs and symptoms of Whipple disease may appear, such as
... | Whipple Disease |
What are the complications of Whipple Disease ? | People with Whipple disease may have complications caused by malnutrition, which is due to damaged villi in the small intestine. As a result of delayed diagnosis or treatment, people may experience the following complications in other areas of the body:
- long-lasting nutritional deficiencies - heart ... | Whipple Disease |
How to diagnose Whipple Disease ? | A health care provider may use several tests and exams to diagnose Whipple disease, including the following:
- medical and family history - physical exam - blood tests - upper GI endoscopy and enteroscopy
A patient may be referred to a gastroenterologista doctor who specializes in d... | Whipple Disease |
What are the treatments for Whipple Disease ? | The health care provider prescribes antibiotics to destroy the T. whipplei bacteria and treat Whipple disease. Health care providers choose antibiotics that treat the infection in the small intestine and cross the blood-brain barriera layer of tissue around the brain. Using antibiotics that cross the blood-brain barrie... | Whipple Disease |
How to prevent Whipple Disease ? | Experts have not yet found a way to prevent Whipple disease. | Whipple Disease |
What to do for Whipple Disease ? | A person with Whipple disease and malabsorption may need
- a diet high in calories and protein - vitamins - nutritional supplements | Whipple Disease |
What to do for Whipple Disease ? | - Whipple disease is a rare bacterial infection that primarily affects the small intestine. Left untreated, Whipple disease gets worse and is usually life threatening. - Bacteria called Tropheryma whipplei (T. whipplei) cause Whipple disease. T. whipplei infection can cause internal sores, also called lesions, and thi... | Whipple Disease |
What is (are) Prolactinoma ? | A prolactinoma is a benign noncancerous tumor of the pituitary gland that produces a hormone called prolactin. Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary tumor. Symptoms of prolactinoma are caused by hyperprolactinemia --- too much prolactin in the blood --- or by pressure of the tumor on surrounding tissues.
... | Prolactinoma |
What is (are) Prolactinoma ? | The pituitary gland, sometimes called the master gland, plays a critical role in regulating growth and development, metabolism, and reproduction. It produces prolactin and other key hormones including
- growth hormone, which regulates growth - adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal g... | Prolactinoma |
How many people are affected by Prolactinoma ? | Although small benign pituitary tumors are fairly common in the general population, symptomatic prolactinomas are uncommon. Prolactinomas occur more often in women than men and rarely occur in children. | Prolactinoma |
What are the symptoms of Prolactinoma ? | In women, high levels of prolactin in the blood often cause infertility and changes in menstruation. In some women, periods may stop. In others, periods may become irregular or menstrual flow may change. Women who are not pregnant or nursing may begin producing breast milk. Some women may experience a loss of libido-in... | Prolactinoma |
What causes Prolactinoma ? | The cause of pituitary tumors remains largely unknown. Most pituitary tumors are sporadic, meaning they are not genetically passed from parents to their children. | Prolactinoma |
What causes Prolactinoma ? | In some people, high blood levels of prolactin can be traced to causes other than prolactinoma.
Prescription drugs. Prolactin secretion in the pituitary is normally suppressed by the brain chemical dopamine. Drugs that block the effects of dopamine at the pituitary or deplete dopamine stores in the bra... | Prolactinoma |
How to diagnose Prolactinoma ? | A doctor will test for prolactin blood levels in women with unexplained milk secretion, called galactorrhea, or with irregular menses or infertility and in men with impaired sexual function and, in rare cases, milk secretion. If prolactin levels are high, a doctor will test thyroid function and ask first about other co... | Prolactinoma |
What are the treatments for Prolactinoma ? | The goals of treatment are to return prolactin secretion to normal, reduce tumor size, correct any visual abnormalities, and restore normal pituitary function. In the case of large tumors, only partial achievement of these goals may be possible.
Medical Treatment
Because dopamine is th... | Prolactinoma |
Who is at risk for Prolactinoma? ? | Women whose ovaries produce inadequate estrogen are at increased risk for osteoporosis. Hyperprolactinemia can reduce estrogen production. Although estrogen production may be restored after treatment for hyperprolactinemia, even a year or 2 without estrogen can compromise bone strength. Women should protect themselves ... | Prolactinoma |
What is (are) Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ? | Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a rare condition with symptoms that resemble those caused by a blockage, or obstruction, of the intestines, also called the bowel. However, when a health care provider examines the intestines, no blockage exists. Instead, the symptoms are due to nerve or muscle problems that affect the ... | Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction |
What causes Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ? | Problems with nerves, muscles, or interstitial cells of Cajal cause intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Interstitial cells of Cajal are called pacemaker cells because they set the pace of intestinal contractions. These cells convey messages from nerves to muscles.
Problems with nerves, muscles, or interstit... | Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction |
What are the symptoms of Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ? | Intestinal pseudo-obstruction symptoms may include
- abdominal swelling or bloating, also called distension - abdominal pain - nausea - vomiting - constipation - diarrhea
Over time, the condition can cause malnutrition, bacterial overgrowth in the intestines, and weight loss. Maln... | Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction |
How to diagnose Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ? | To diagnose intestinal pseudo-obstruction, a health care provider may suggest the person consult a gastroenterologista doctor who specializes in digestive diseases. A health care provider will perform a physical exam; take a complete medical history, imaging studies, and a biopsy; and perform blood tests. A health care... | Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction |
What are the treatments for Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ? | A health care provider will treat intestinal pseudo-obstruction with nutritional support, medications, and, in some cases, decompression. Rarely, a person will need surgery. If an illness, a medication, or both cause intestinal pseudo-obstruction, a health care provider will treat the underlying illness, stop the medic... | Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction |
What to do for Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Following special diets usually does not help improve the disorder. However, eating frequent, small meals with pureed foods or liquids may ease digestion. Vitamin and trace mineral supplements... | Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction |
What to do for Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ? | - Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a rare condition with symptoms that resemble those caused by a blockage, or obstruction, of the intestines, also called the bowel. However, when a health care provider examines the intestines, no blockage exists. Instead, the symptoms are due to nerve or muscle problems that affect th... | Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction |
What is (are) What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction ? | Erectile dysfunction* is when you cannot get or keep an erection firm enough to have sex. You may have ED if you
- can get an erection sometimes, though not every time - can get an erection, yet it does not last long enough for sex - are unable to get an erection at all
ED is sometim... | What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction |
What causes What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction ? | Erectile dysfunction often has more than one cause. Many diseases can damage nerves, arteries, and muscles. Some can lead to ED, such as
- high blood pressure - diabetes, when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high - clogged arteries - heart and blood vessel disease - chronic kidn... | What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction |
Who is at risk for What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction? ? | Erectile dysfunction affects men of all races and in all parts of the world. Men are more likely to have ED as they get older. For example, ED occurs in
- about 12 percent of men younger than 60 - 22 percent of men age 60 to 69 - 30 percent of men age 70 or older | What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction |
What causes What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction ? | Having ED can cause you to feel depressed or anxious. ED may also cause low self-esteem. When you have ED, you may not have a satisfying sex life. You may not feel as close with your sexual partner, which may strain your relationship.
See Your Doctor if You Have Erectile Dysfunction, ... | What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction |
What causes What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction ? | To find the cause of your ED, your doctor may
- take your medical and sexual history - ask you questions about your mental health - give you a physical exam - test your blood - give you a nighttime erection test - perform an injection test - perform a Doppler penile ultrasound
Me... | What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction |
What are the treatments for What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction ? | Your doctor can offer you a number of treatments for ED. For many men, the answer is as simple as taking a pill. Other men have to try two or three options before they find a treatment that works for them. Dont give up if the first treatment doesnt work. Finding the right treatment can take time. You may want to talk w... | What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction |
How to prevent What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction ? | You can prevent many of the causes of ED by making healthy lifestyle choices. Following a healthy diet may help prevent ED. Quitting smoking and getting physical activity are also important ways to prevent ED.
Physical activity increases blood flow throughout your body, including your penis. Talk with ... | What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction |
What to do for What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction ? | To prevent ED, you should eat a healthy diet of whole-grain foods, fruits and vegetables, low-fat dairy foods, and lean meats. A diet that causes you to be overweight and have heart and blood vessel disease can also lead to ED. You should avoid foods high in fat and sodium, the main part of salt. You should also avoid ... | What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction |
What to do for What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction ? | #NAME? | What I need to know about Erectile Dysfunction |
What is (are) What I need to know about Diverticular Disease ? | Diverticular* disease affects the colon. The colon is part of the large intestine that removes waste from your body. Diverticular disease is made up of two conditions: diverticulosis and diverticulitis. Diverticulosis occurs when pouches, called diverticula, form in the colon. These pouches bulge out like weak spots in... | What I need to know about Diverticular Disease |
What causes What I need to know about Diverticular Disease ? | Doctors are not sure what causes diverticular disease. Many think a diet low in fiber is the main cause. Fiber is a part of food that your body cannot digest. It is found in many fruits and vegetables. Fiber stays in the colon and absorbs water, which makes bowel movements easier to pass. Diets low in fiber may cause c... | What I need to know about Diverticular Disease |
What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Diverticular Disease ? | The symptoms for diverticulosis and diverticulitis are different.
Diverticulosis. Many people don't have symptoms, but some people have cramping, bloating, and constipation. Some people also have bleeding, inflammation, and fistulas. If you are bleeding, bright red blood will pass through your rectum. ... | What I need to know about Diverticular Disease |
Who is at risk for What I need to know about Diverticular Disease? ? | Many people get diverticular disease. Starting at age 40, the chance of getting it increases about every 10 years. About half of people between the ages of 60 and 80 have diverticular disease. Almost everyone over 80 has it. | What I need to know about Diverticular Disease |
What are the treatments for What I need to know about Diverticular Disease ? | Treatment for diverticular disease depends on how serious the problem is and whether you are suffering from diverticulosis or diverticulitis. Most people get better by changing their diet. If you have rectal bleeding, you need to go to the hospital so a doctor can find the part of your colon that is bleeding. The docto... | What I need to know about Diverticular Disease |
What are the treatments for What I need to know about Diverticular Disease ? | Eating high-fiber foods can help relieve symptoms. Sometimes mild pain medications also help. | What I need to know about Diverticular Disease |
What are the treatments for What I need to know about Diverticular Disease ? | A doctor may prescribe antibiotics and recommend following a liquid diet. Most people get better with this treatment. Some people may need surgery and other treatments.
- Surgery. Serious problems from diverticulitis are treated with surgery. Surgeons can clean the abdomen after infections and remove b... | What I need to know about Diverticular Disease |
What is (are) What I need to know about Diverticular Disease ? | Eat a high-fiber diet to help prevent problems. Talk to your doctor about using fiber products like Benefiber, Citrucel, or Metamucil. Daily use can help you get the fiber you need if you do not get it through your diet.
Ask your doctor about which food choices are right for you.
Eatin... | What I need to know about Diverticular Disease |
What to do for What I need to know about Diverticular Disease ? | #NAME? | What I need to know about Diverticular Disease |
What is (are) Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | PSC is a disease that damages and blocks bile ducts inside and outside the liver. Bile is a liquid made in the liver. Bile ducts are tubes that carry bile out of the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine. In the intestine, bile helps break down fat in food.
In PSC, inflammation of the bile ducts... | Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis |
What causes Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | The causes of PSC are not known. Genes, immune system problems, bacteria, and viruses may play roles in the development of the disease.
PSC is linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). About three out of four people with PSC have a type of IBD called ulcerative colitis. The link between PSC and IBD i... | Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis |
Who is at risk for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis? ? | Most people with PSC are adults but the disease also occurs in children. The average age at diagnosis is 40. PSC is more common in men than women. Having family members with PSC may increase a person's risk for developing PSC. | Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis |
What are the symptoms of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | The main symptoms of PSC are itching, fatigue, and yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes. An infection in the bile ducts can cause chills and fever. PSC progresses slowly, so a person can have the disease for years before symptoms develop. | Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis |
What are the complications of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | PSC can lead to various complications, including
- deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K - infections of the bile ducts - cirrhosisextensive scarring of the liver - liver failure - bile duct cancer | Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis |
How to diagnose Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | Blood tests to check levels of liver enzymes are the first step in diagnosing PSC. Doctors confirm the diagnosis using cholangiography, which provides pictures of the bile ducts.
Cholangiography can be performed in the following ways:
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (... | Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis |
What are the treatments for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | Although researchers have studied many treatments, none has been shown to cure or slow the progress of PSC. Treatment of PSC aims to relieve symptoms and manage complications. Medical treatment may include various medications to relieve itching, antibiotics to treat infections, and vitamin supplements. Instruments pass... | Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis |
What to do for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | #NAME? | Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis |
What is (are) Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy ? | Your nervous system carries signals between your brain and other parts of your body through your spinal cord. Nerves are bundles of special tissues that transmit these signals.
The signals share information between your brain and body about how things feel. The signals also send information between you... | Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy |
What are the symptoms of Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy ? | Nerve damage symptoms depend on which nerves have damage. Some people have no symptoms or mild symptoms. Other people have painful and long-lasting symptoms. As most nerve damage develops over many years, a person may not notice mild cases for a long time. In some people, the onset of pain may be sudden and severe. | Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy |
What is (are) Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy ? | Peripheral Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy is the most common type of diabetic neuropathy, and it affects the sensory nerves of your feet, legs, hands, and arms. These areas of your body may feel
- numb - weak - cold - burning or tingling, like pins and needles
You... | Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy |
What are the treatments for Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy ? | The treatment for nerve damage from diabetes is based on your symptoms. No treatment can reverse nerve damage; however, it can help you feel better. Your doctor might suggest taking low doses of medicines that both treat other health problems and help the pain of neuropathy. Some of these medicines include
... | Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy |
What to do for Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy ? | You can keep your nervous system healthy by taking these steps:
- Eat healthy meals and follow the meal plan that you and your doctor or dietitian have worked out. - If you drink alcoholic beverages, limit your intake to no more than one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men. Drinking... | Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your nervous system healthy |
What is (are) Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your kidneys healthy ? | Your kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below your rib cage, one on each side of your spine. Every day, your two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine. Urine flows from your kidneys to your bladder through tubes call... | Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your kidneys healthy |
What is (are) Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your kidneys healthy ? | Blood pressure is the force of blood flow inside your blood vessels. Blood pressure is written with two numbers separated by a slash. For example, a blood pressure result of 130/80 is said as 130 over 80. The first number is the pressure in your blood vessels as your heart beats and pushes blood through your blood vess... | Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your kidneys healthy |
What are the symptoms of Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your kidneys healthy ? | In the early stages, diabetic kidney disease does not have any symptoms. Kidney disease happens so slowly that you may not feel sick at all for many years. You may not feel sick even when your kidneys do only half the job of healthy kidneys. Only your doctor can tell if you have kidney disease by checking the protein, ... | Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your kidneys healthy |
What to do for Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your kidneys healthy ? | Your dietitian or doctor may suggest a special eating plan for you. You may have to avoid a diet high in protein, fat, sodium, and potassium.
- Cut back on protein, especially animal products such as meat. Damaged kidneys may fail to remove protein waste products from your blood. Diets high in protein ... | Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your kidneys healthy |
What is (are) Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your kidneys healthy ? | Kidney failure, also called end-stage kidney disease or ESRD, means your kidneys no longer work well enough to do their job. You will need treatment to replace the work your kidneys have stopped doing. | Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your kidneys healthy |
What is (are) Proctitis ? | Proctitis is inflammation of the lining of the rectum, the lower end of the large intestine leading to the anus. The large intestine and anus are part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The movement of muscles in the ... | Proctitis |
What is (are) Proctitis ? | Proctitis is inflammation of the lining of the rectum, the lower end of the large intestine leading to the anus. The large intestine and anus are part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The movement of muscles in the ... | Proctitis |
What causes Proctitis ? | Proctitis has many causes, including acute, or sudden and short-term, and chronic, or long-lasting, conditions. Among the causes are the following:
- Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). STDs that can be passed when a person is receiving anal sex are a common cause of proctitis. Common STD infections ... | Proctitis |
What causes Proctitis ? | Proctitis has many causes, including acute, or sudden and short-term, and chronic, or long-lasting, conditions. Among the causes are the following:
- Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). STDs that can be passed when a person is receiving anal sex are a common cause of proctitis. Common STD infections ... | Proctitis |
What are the symptoms of Proctitis ? | Tenesmusan uncomfortable and frequent urge to have a bowel movementis one of the most common symptoms of proctitis. Other symptoms may include
- bloody bowel movements - rectal bleeding - a feeling of rectal fullness - anal or rectal pain - crampy abdominal pain - rectal discharge of mucus or pus ... | Proctitis |
How to diagnose Proctitis ? | To diagnose proctitis, a health care provider will take a complete medical history and do a physical exam. The health care provider will ask the patient about symptoms, current and past medical conditions, family history, and sexual behavior that increases the risk of STD-induced proctitis. The physical exam will inclu... | Proctitis |
What are the treatments for Proctitis ? | Treatment of proctitis depends on its cause. The goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation, control symptoms, and eliminate infection, if it is present. Only a doctor can determine the cause of proctitis and the best course of treatment. With proper medical attention, proctitis can be successfully treated.
... | Proctitis |
What to do for Proctitis ? | Drinking plenty of fluids is important when diarrhea or frequent passage of loose or liquid stools occurs.
Avoiding caffeine and foods that are greasy, high in fiber, or sweet may lessen diarrhea symptoms. Some people also have problems digesting lactosethe sugar found in milk and milk productsduring o... | Proctitis |
What are the treatments for Proctitis ? | Proctitis that is not treated or does not respond to treatment may lead to complications, including
- severe bleeding and anemiaa condition in which red blood cells are fewer or smaller than normal, which means less oxygen is carried to the bodys cells - abscessespainful, swollen, pus-filled areas cau... | Proctitis |
How to prevent Proctitis ? | People who receive anal sex can avoid getting STD-related proctitis by having their partner use a condom. If anorectal trauma caused proctitis, stopping the activity that triggered inflammation often will stop the inflammation and prevent recurrence.
Other causes of proctitis cannot always be prevented... | Proctitis |
What to do for Proctitis ? | - Proctitis is inflammation of the lining of the rectum, the lower end of the large intestine leading to the anus. - Common causes of proctitis are sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), non-STD infections, anorectal trauma, ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease, radiation therapy, and antibiotic use. - Treatment of p... | Proctitis |
What is (are) Short Bowel Syndrome ? | Short bowel syndrome is a group of problems related to poor absorption of nutrients. Short bowel syndrome typically occurs in people who have
- had at least half of their small intestine removed and sometimes all or part of their large intestine removed - significant damage of the small intestine - p... | Short Bowel Syndrome |
What is (are) Short Bowel Syndrome ? | The small intestine is the tube-shaped organ between the stomach and large intestine. Most food digestion and nutrient absorption take place in the small intestine. The small intestine is about 20 feet long and includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum:
duodenumthe first part of the small intestine, wh... | Short Bowel Syndrome |
What is (are) Short Bowel Syndrome ? | The large intestine is about 5 feet long in adults and absorbs water and any remaining nutrients from partially digested food passed from the small intestine. The large intestine then changes waste from liquid to a solid matter called stool. | Short Bowel Syndrome |
What causes Short Bowel Syndrome ? | The main cause of short bowel syndrome is surgery to remove a portion of the small intestine. This surgery can treat intestinal diseases, injuries, or birth defects.
Some children are born with an abnormally short small intestine or with part of their bowel missing, which can cause short bowel syndrome... | Short Bowel Syndrome |
How many people are affected by Short Bowel Syndrome ? | Short bowel syndrome is a rare condition. Each year, short bowel syndrome affects about three out of every million people.1 | Short Bowel Syndrome |
What are the symptoms of Short Bowel Syndrome ? | The main symptom of short bowel syndrome is diarrhealoose, watery stools. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration, malnutrition, and weight loss. Dehydration means the body lacks enough fluid and electrolyteschemicals in salts, including sodium, potassium, and chlorideto work properly. Malnutrition is a condition that develop... | Short Bowel Syndrome |
What are the complications of Short Bowel Syndrome ? | The complications of short bowel syndrome may include
- malnutrition - peptic ulcerssores on the lining of the stomach or duodenum caused by too much gastric acid - kidney stonessolid pieces of material that form in the kidneys - small intestinal bacterial overgrowtha condition in which abnormally l... | Short Bowel Syndrome |
What are the symptoms of Short Bowel Syndrome ? | People who have any signs or symptoms of severe dehydration should call or see a health care provider right away:
- excessive thirst - dark-colored urine - infrequent urination - lethargy, dizziness, or faintness - dry skin
Infants and children are most likely to become dehydrated.... | Short Bowel Syndrome |
How to diagnose Short Bowel Syndrome ? | A health care provider diagnoses short bowel syndrome based on
- a medical and family history - a physical exam - blood tests - fecal fat tests - an x-ray of the small and large intestines - upper gastrointestinal (GI) series - computerized tomography (CT) scan
Medical and Family... | Short Bowel Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Short Bowel Syndrome ? | A health care provider will recommend treatment for short bowel syndrome based on a patient's nutritional needs. Treatment may include
- nutritional support - medications - surgery - intestinal transplant
Nutritional Support
The main treatment for short bowel syndro... | Short Bowel Syndrome |
How to prevent Short Bowel Syndrome ? | People can ask their health care providers about surgical techniques that minimize scar tissue. Scientists have not yet found a way to prevent short bowel syndrome that is present at birth, as its cause is unknown. | Short Bowel Syndrome |
What is (are) Short Bowel Syndrome ? | Intestinal adaptation is a process that usually occurs in children after removal of a large portion of their small intestine. The remaining small intestine goes through a period of adaptation and grows to increase its ability to absorb nutrients. Intestinal adaptation can take up to 2 years to occur, and during this ti... | Short Bowel Syndrome |
What to do for Short Bowel Syndrome ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing short bowel syndrome. | Short Bowel Syndrome |
What to do for Short Bowel Syndrome ? | - Short bowel syndrome is a group of problems related to poor absorption of nutrients. - People with short bowel syndrome cannot absorb enough water, vitamins, minerals, protein, fat, calories, and other nutrients from food. - The main symptom of short bowel syndrome is diarrhealoose, watery stools. Diarrhea can lead... | Short Bowel Syndrome |
What is (are) Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | Acquired cystic kidney disease happens when a person's kidneys develop fluid-filled sacs, called cysts, over time. Acquired cystic kidney disease is not the same as polycystic kidney disease (PKD), another disease that causes the kidneys to develop multiple cysts.
Acquired cystic kidney disease occurs ... | Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease |
What is (are) Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | Acquired cystic kidney disease differs from PKD in several ways. Unlike acquired cystic kidney disease, PKD is a genetic, or inherited, disorder that can cause complications such as high blood pressure and problems with blood vessels in the brain and heart.
The following chart lists the differences:
... | Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease |
How many people are affected by Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | Acquired cystic kidney disease becomes more common the longer a person has CKD.
- About 7 to 22 percent of people with CKD already have acquired cystic kidney disease before starting dialysis treatments. - Almost 60 percent of people on dialysis for 2 to 4 years develop acquired cystic kidney disease.... | Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease |
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