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What is the outlook for Transient Ischemic Attack ? | TIAs are often warning signs that a person is at risk for a more serious and debilitating stroke. About one-third of those who have a TIA will have an acute stroke some time in the future. Many strokes can be prevented by heeding the warning signs of TIAs and treating underlying risk factors. The most important treatab... | Transient Ischemic Attack |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Transient Ischemic Attack ? | NINDS is the leading supporter of research on stroke and TIA in the U.S. and sponsors studies ranging from clinical trials to investigations of basic biological mechanisms as well as studies with animals. | Transient Ischemic Attack |
What is (are) Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ? | Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain's ventricles, or cavities. It occurs if the normal flow of CSF throughout the brain and spinal cord is blocked in some way. This causes the ventricles to enlarge, putting pressure on the brain. Normal pressure hydroceph... | Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus |
What are the treatments for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ? | Treatment for NPH involves surgical placement of a shunt in the brain to drain excess CSF into the abdomen where it can be absorbed as part of the normal circulatory process. This allows the brain ventricles to return to their normal size. Regular follow-up care by a physician is important in order to identify subtle c... | Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus |
What is the outlook for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ? | The symptoms of NPH usually get worse over time if the condition is not treated, although some people may experience temporary improvements. While the success of treatment with shunts varies from person to person, some people recover almost completely after treatment and have a good quality of life. Early diagnosis and... | Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ? | The NINDS conducts and supports research on neurological disorders, including normal pressure hydrocephalus. Research on disorders such as normal pressure hydrocephalus focuses on increasing knowledge and understanding of the disorder, improving diagnostic techniques and neuroimaging, and finding improved treatments an... | Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus |
What is (are) Anencephaly ? | Anencephaly is a defect in the closure of the neural tube during fetal development. The neural tube is a narrow channel that folds and closes between the 3rd and 4th weeks of pregnancy to form the brain and spinal cord of the embryo. Anencephaly occurs when the "cephalic" or head end of the neural tube fails to close, ... | Anencephaly |
What are the treatments for Anencephaly ? | There is no cure or standard treatment for anencephaly. Treatment is supportive. | Anencephaly |
What is the outlook for Anencephaly ? | The prognosis for babies born with anencephaly is extremely poor. If the infant is not stillborn, then he or she will usually die within a few hours or days after birth. | Anencephaly |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Anencephaly ? | Research supported by the NINDS includes studies to understand how the brain and nervous system normally develop. These studies contribute to a greater understanding of neural tube disorders, such as anencephaly, and open promising new avenues to treat and prevent neurological birth defects. | Anencephaly |
What is (are) Striatonigral Degeneration ? | Striatonigral degeneration is a neurological disorder caused by a disruption in the connection between two areas of the brain-the striatum and the substantia nigra. These two areas work together to enable balance and movement. Striatonigral degeneration is a type of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Symptoms of the disord... | Striatonigral Degeneration |
What are the treatments for Striatonigral Degeneration ? | There is no cure for striatonigral degeneration, and treatments for the disorder have variable success. Treatments used for Parkinson's disease are recommended. However, unlike Parkinson's disease, striatonigral degeneration is not responsive to levodopa. Dopamine and anticholinergics provide some benefit. Generally, t... | Striatonigral Degeneration |
What is the outlook for Striatonigral Degeneration ? | Striatonigral degeneration progresses slowly. Some patients have normal life expectancy. | Striatonigral Degeneration |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Striatonigral Degeneration ? | The NINDS supports and conducts research on disorders of the brain and nervous system such as striatonigral degeneration. This research focuses on finding ways to prevent and treat these disorders. | Striatonigral Degeneration |
What is (are) Cerebral Aneurysms ? | A cerebral aneurysm is a weak or thin spot on a blood vessel in the brain that balloons out and fills with blood. An aneurysm can press on a nerve or surrounding tissue, and also leak or burst, which lets blood spill into surrounding tissues (called a hemorrhage). Cerebral aneurysms can occur at any age, although they ... | Cerebral Aneurysms |
What are the treatments for Cerebral Aneurysms ? | For unruptured aneurysms, treatment may be recommended for large or irregularly-shaped aneurysms or for those causing symptoms. Emergency treatment for individuals with a ruptured cerebral aneurysm may be required to restore deteriorating respiration and reduce abnormally high pressure within the brain. Treatment is ne... | Cerebral Aneurysms |
What is the outlook for Cerebral Aneurysms ? | The prognosis for a individual with a ruptured cerebral aneurysm depends on the location of the aneurysm, extent of bleeding or rebleeding, the person's age, general health, pre-existing neurological conditions, adn time between rupture and medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment are important. A burst cerebra... | Cerebral Aneurysms |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Cerebral Aneurysms ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) conducts research in its laboratories at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and also supports additional research through grants to major medical institutions. The NINDS supports a broad range of basic and clinical research on intracranial aneurys... | Cerebral Aneurysms |
What is (are) Incontinentia Pigmenti ? | Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is an inherited disorder of skin pigmentation that is also associated with abnormalities of the teeth, skeletal system, eyes, and central nervous system. It is one of a group of gene-linked diseases known as neurocutaneous disorders. In most cases, IP is caused by mutations in a gene called ... | Incontinentia Pigmenti |
What are the treatments for Incontinentia Pigmenti ? | The skin abnormalities of IP usually disappear by adolescence or adulthood without treatment. Diminished vision may be treated with corrective lenses, medication, or, in severe cases, surgery. A specialist may treat dental problems. Neurological symptoms such as seizures, muscle spasms, or mild paralysis may be control... | Incontinentia Pigmenti |
What is the outlook for Incontinentia Pigmenti ? | Although the skin abnormalities usually regress, and sometimes disappear completely, there may be residual neurological difficulties. | Incontinentia Pigmenti |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Incontinentia Pigmenti ? | Researchers have begun to use genetic linkage studies to map the location of genes associated with the neurocutaneous disorders. Research supported by the NINDS includes studies to understand how the brain and nervous system normally develop and function and how they are affected by genetic mutations. These studies con... | Incontinentia Pigmenti |
What is (are) Septo-Optic Dysplasia ? | Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal development of the optic disk, pituitary deficiencies, and often agenesis (absence) of the septum pellucidum (the part of the brain that separates the anterior horns or the lateral ventricles of the brain). Symptoms may include blindness in one or... | Septo-Optic Dysplasia |
What are the treatments for Septo-Optic Dysplasia ? | Treatment for SOD is symptomatic. Hormone deficiencies may be treated with hormone replacement therapy. The optical problems associated with SOD are generally not treatable. Vision, physical, and occupational therapies may be required. | Septo-Optic Dysplasia |
What is the outlook for Septo-Optic Dysplasia ? | The prognosis for individuals with SOD varies according to the presence and severity of symptoms. | Septo-Optic Dysplasia |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Septo-Optic Dysplasia ? | The NINDS supports and conducts neurogenetic research which focuses on identifying and studying the genes involved in normal brain development. The knowledge gained from these fundamental studies provides the foundation for understanding how this process can go awry and, thus, may eventually give clues to understanding... | Septo-Optic Dysplasia |
What is (are) Diabetic Neuropathy ? | Diabetic neuropathy is a peripheral nerve disorder caused by diabetes or poor blood sugar control. The most common types of diabetic neuropathy result in problems with sensation in the feet. It can develop slowly after many years of diabetes or may occur early in the disease. The symptoms are numbness, pain, or tinglin... | Diabetic Neuropathy |
What are the treatments for Diabetic Neuropathy ? | The goal of treating diabetic neuropathy is to prevent further tissue damage and relieve discomfort. The first step is to bring blood sugar levels under control by diet and medication. Another important part of treatment involves taking special care of the feet by wearing proper fitting shoes and routinely checking the... | Diabetic Neuropathy |
What is the outlook for Diabetic Neuropathy ? | The prognosis for diabetic neuropathy depends largely on how well the underlying condition of diabetes is handled. Treating diabetes may halt progression and improve symptoms of the neuropathy, but recovery is slow. The painful sensations of diabetic neuropathy may become severe enough to cause depression in some patie... | Diabetic Neuropathy |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Diabetic Neuropathy ? | The NINDS conducts and supports research on diabetic neuropathy to increase understanding of the disorder and find ways to prevent and cure it. New medications are currently being examined to assess improvement or stabilization of neuropathic symptoms. | Diabetic Neuropathy |
What is (are) Infantile Spasms ? | An infantile spasm (IS) is a specific type of seizure seen in an epilepsy syndrome of infancy and childhood known as West Syndrome. West Syndrome is characterized by infantile spasms, developmental regression, and a specific pattern on electroencephalography (EEG) testing called hypsarrhythmia (chaotic brain waves). Th... | Infantile Spasms |
What are the treatments for Infantile Spasms ? | Treatment with corticosteroids such as prednisone is standard, although serious side effects can occur. Several newer antiepileptic medications, such as topiramate may ease some symptoms. Vigabatrin (Sabril) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat infantile spasms in children ages one month ... | Infantile Spasms |
What is the outlook for Infantile Spasms ? | The prognosis for children with IS is dependent on the underlying causes of the seizures. The intellectual prognosis for children with IS is generally poor because many babies with IS have neurological impairment prior to the onset of spasms. Epileptic spasms usually reduce in number by mid-childhood, but more than hal... | Infantile Spasms |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Infantile Spasms ? | The NINDS supports broad and varied programs of research on epilepsy and other seizure disorders. This research is aimed at discovering new ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat these disorders and, ultimately, to find cures for them. Hopefully, more effective and safer treatments, such as neuroprotective agents, will b... | Infantile Spasms |
What is (are) Friedreich's Ataxia ? | Friedreich's ataxia is a rare inherited disease that causes progressive damage to the nervous system and movement problems. Neurological symptoms include awkward, unsteady movements, impaired sensory function, speech problems, and vision and hearing loss. Thinking and reasoning abilities are not affected.Impaired muscl... | Friedreich's Ataxia |
What are the treatments for Friedreich's Ataxia ? | There is currently no effective cure or treatment for Friedreich's ataxia. However, many of the symptoms and accompanying complications can be treated to help individuals maintain optimal functioning as long as possible. Diabetes and heart problems can be treated with medications. Orthopedic problems such as foot defor... | Friedreich's Ataxia |
What is the outlook for Friedreich's Ataxia ? | Generally, within 15 to 20 years after the appearance of the first symptoms, the person is confined to a wheelchair, and in later stages of the disease, individuals may become completely incapacitated. Friedreich's ataxia can shorten life expectancy; heart disease is the most common cause of death. Many individuals wit... | Friedreich's Ataxia |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Friedreich's Ataxia ? | Friedreich's ataxia is caused by a mutation in the protein frataxin, which is involved in the function of mitochondriathe energy producing power plants of the cell. Frataxin controls important steps in mitochondrial iron metabolism and overall cell iron stability.NINDS-funded researchers are studying the metabolic func... | Friedreich's Ataxia |
What is (are) Post-Polio Syndrome ? | Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivors many years after recovery from an initial attack of the poliomyelitis virus. PPS is characterized by a further weakening of muscles that were previously affected by the polio infection. The most common symptoms include slowly progressive muscle weakn... | Post-Polio Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Post-Polio Syndrome ? | Presently, no prevention has been found that can stop deterioration or reverse the deficits caused by the syndrome A number of controlled studies have demonstrated that nonfatiguing exercises may improve muscle strength and reduce tiredness. Doctors recommend that polio survivors follow standard healthy lifestyle pract... | Post-Polio Syndrome |
What is the outlook for Post-Polio Syndrome ? | PPS is a very slowly progressing condition marked by long periods of stability. The severity of PPS depends on the degree of the residual weakness and disability an individual has after the original polio attack. People who had only minimal symptoms from the original attack and subsequently develop PPS will most likely... | Post-Polio Syndrome |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Post-Polio Syndrome ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research related to PPS in laboratories at the NIH, and also support additional PPS research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. | Post-Polio Syndrome |
What is (are) Opsoclonus Myoclonus ? | Opsoclonus myoclonus is a rare neurological disorder characterized by an unsteady, trembling gait, myoclonus (brief, shock-like muscle spasms), and opsoclonus (irregular, rapid eye movements). Other symptoms may include difficulty speaking, poorly articulated speech, or an inability to speak. A decrease in muscle tone,... | Opsoclonus Myoclonus |
What are the treatments for Opsoclonus Myoclonus ? | Treatment for opsoclonus myoclonus may include corticosteroids or ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). In cases where there is a tumor present, treatment such as chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation may be required. | Opsoclonus Myoclonus |
What is the outlook for Opsoclonus Myoclonus ? | The prognosis for opsoclonus myoclonus varies depending on the symptoms and the presence and treatment of tumors. With treatment of the underlying cause of the disorder, there may be an improvement of symptoms. The symptoms sometimes recur without warning. Generally the disorder is not fatal. | Opsoclonus Myoclonus |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Opsoclonus Myoclonus ? | The NINDS supports and conducts research on movement disorders such as opsoclonus myoclonus. These studies are aimed at increasing knowledge about these disorders and finding ways to prevent, treat, and cure them. | Opsoclonus Myoclonus |
What is (are) Paraneoplastic Syndromes ? | Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of rare disorders that are triggered by an abnormal immune system response to a cancerous tumor known as a "neoplasm." Paraneoplastic syndromes are thought to happen when cancer-fighting antibodies or white blood cells (known as T cells) mistakenly attack normal cells in the nervous... | Paraneoplastic Syndromes |
What are the treatments for Paraneoplastic Syndromes ? | When present, the tumor and cancer are treated first, followed by efforts to decrease the autoimmune response -- either through steroids such as cortisone or prednisone, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin, or irradiation. Plasmapheresis, a process that cleanses antibodies from the blood, may ease symptoms in people w... | Paraneoplastic Syndromes |
What is the outlook for Paraneoplastic Syndromes ? | There are no cures for paraneoplastic syndromes. There are no available treatments to stop progressive neurological damage. Generally, the stage of cancer at diagnosis determines the outcome. | Paraneoplastic Syndromes |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Paraneoplastic Syndromes ? | Research on paraneoplastic syndromes is aimed at enhancing scientific understanding and evaluating new therapeutic interventions. Researchers seek to learn what causes the autoimmune response in these disorders. Studies are directed at developing tests that detect the presence of antibodies. Scientists also hope to dev... | Paraneoplastic Syndromes |
What is (are) Brachial Plexus Injuries ? | The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that conducts signals from the spine to the shoulder, arm, and hand. Brachial plexus injuries are caused by damage to those nerves. Symptoms may include a limp or paralyzed arm; lack of muscle control in the arm, hand, or wrist; and a lack of feeling or sensation in the arm or... | Brachial Plexus Injuries |
What are the treatments for Brachial Plexus Injuries ? | Some brachial plexus injuries may heal without treatment. Many children who are injured during birth improve or recover by 3 to 4 months of age. Treatment for brachial plexus injuries includes physical therapy and, in some cases, surgery. | Brachial Plexus Injuries |
What is the outlook for Brachial Plexus Injuries ? | The site and type of brachial plexus injury determines the prognosis. For avulsion and rupture injuries, there is no potential for recovery unless surgical reconnection is made in a timely manner. The potential for recovery varies for neuroma and neuropraxia injuries. Most individuals with neuropraxia injuries recover ... | Brachial Plexus Injuries |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Brachial Plexus Injuries ? | The NINDS conducts and supports research on injuries to the nervous system such as brachial plexus injuries. Much of this research is aimed at finding ways to prevent and treat these disorders. | Brachial Plexus Injuries |
What is (are) Barth Syndrome ? | Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare, genetic disorder of lipid metabolism that primarily affects males. It is caused by a mutation in the tafazzin gene (TAZ, also called G4.5) which leads to decreased production of an enzyme required to produce cardiolipin. Cardiolipin is an essential lipid that is important in energy meta... | Barth Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Barth Syndrome ? | There is no specific treatment for Barth syndrome. Bacterial infections caused by neutropenia can be effectively treated with antibiotics. The drug granulocyte colony stimulating factor, or GCSF, can stimulate white cell production by the bone marrow and help combat infection. Medicines may be prescribed to control hea... | Barth Syndrome |
What is the outlook for Barth Syndrome ? | Early and accurate diagnosis is key to prolonged survival for boys born with Barth syndrome. The disorder was once considered uniformly fatal in infancy, but some individuals are now living much longer. Severe infections and cardiac failure are common causes of death in affected children. | Barth Syndrome |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Barth Syndrome ? | The mission of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is to seek fundamental knowledge of the brain and nervous system and to use that knowledge to reduce the burden of neurological disease. The NINDS supports research on genetic disorders such as Barth syndrome, including basic research on... | Barth Syndrome |
What is (are) Developmental Dyspraxia ? | Developmental dyspraxia is a disorder characterized by an impairment in the ability to plan and carry out sensory and motor tasks. Generally, individuals with the disorder appear "out of sync" with their environment. Symptoms vary and may include poor balance and coordination, clumsiness, vision problems, perception di... | Developmental Dyspraxia |
What are the treatments for Developmental Dyspraxia ? | Treatment is symptomatic and supportive and may include occupational and speech therapy, and "cueing" or other forms of communication such as using pictures and hand gestures. Many children with the disorder require special education. | Developmental Dyspraxia |
What is the outlook for Developmental Dyspraxia ? | Developmental dyspraxia is a lifelong disorder. Many individuals are able to compensate for their disabilities through occupational and speech therapy. | Developmental Dyspraxia |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Developmental Dyspraxia ? | The NINDS supports research on developmental disorders, such as developmental dyspraxia, aimed at learning more about these disorders, and finding ways to prevent and treat them. | Developmental Dyspraxia |
What is (are) Syringomyelia ? | Syringomyelia (sear-IN-go-my-EEL-ya) is a disorder in which a fluid-filled cyst forms within the spinal cord. This cyst, called a syrinx, expands and elongates over time, destroying the center of the spinal cord. Since the spinal cord connects the brain to nerves in the extremities, this damage results in pain, weaknes... | Syringomyelia |
What are the treatments for Syringomyelia ? | Surgery is usually recommended for individuals with syringomyelia, with the type of surgery and its location dependent on the type of syrinx. In persons with syringomyelia that is associated with the Chiara I malformation, a procedure that removes skulll bone and expands the space around the malformation usually preven... | Syringomyelia |
What is the outlook for Syringomyelia ? | Symptoms usually begin in young adulthood, with symptoms of one form usually beginning between the ages of 25 and 40. If not treated surgically (when needed), syringomyelia often leads to progressive weakness in the arms and legs, loss of hand sensation, and chronic, severe pain. Symptoms may worsen with straining or a... | Syringomyelia |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Syringomyelia ? | The mission of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is to seek fundamental knowledge about the brain and nervous system and to use that knowledge to reduce the burden of neurological disease. NINDS investigators are studying how syrinxes first form, as well as the mechanisms of the disord... | Syringomyelia |
What is (are) Tropical Spastic Paraparesis ? | For several decades the term tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) has been used to describe a chronic and progressive disease of the nervous system that affects adults living in equatorial areas of the world and causes progressive weakness, stiff muscles, muscle spasms, sensory disturbance, and sphincter dysfunction. The... | Tropical Spastic Paraparesis |
What are the treatments for Tropical Spastic Paraparesis ? | There is no established treatment program for HAM/TSP. Corticosteroids may relieve some symptoms, but arent likely to change the course of the disorder. Clinical studies suggest that interferon alpha provides benefits over short periods and some aspects of disease activity may be improved favorably using interferon bet... | Tropical Spastic Paraparesis |
What is the outlook for Tropical Spastic Paraparesis ? | HAM/TSP is a progressive disease, but it is rarely fatal. Most individuals live for several decades after the diagnosis. Their prognosis improves if they take steps to prevent urinary tract infection and skin sores, and if they participate in physical and occupational therapy programs. | Tropical Spastic Paraparesis |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Tropical Spastic Paraparesis ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research related to HAM/TSP in laboratories at the NIH, and support additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. Much of this research focus... | Tropical Spastic Paraparesis |
What is (are) Dysgraphia ? | Dysgraphia is a neurological disorder characterized by writing disabilities. Specifically, the disorder causes a person's writing to be distorted or incorrect. In children, the disorder generally emerges when they are first introduced to writing. They make inappropriately sized and spaced letters, or write wrong or mis... | Dysgraphia |
What are the treatments for Dysgraphia ? | Treatment for dysgraphia varies and may include treatment for motor disorders to help control writing movements. Other treatments may address impaired memory or other neurological problems. Some physicians recommend that individuals with dysgraphia use computers to avoid the problems of handwriting. | Dysgraphia |
What is the outlook for Dysgraphia ? | Some individuals with dysgraphia improve their writing ability, but for others, the disorder persists. | Dysgraphia |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Dysgraphia ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) support dysgraphia research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. Much of this research focuses on finding better ways to treat, and ultimately, prevent dysgraph... | Dysgraphia |
What is (are) Multiple System Atrophy ? | Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by symptoms of autonomic nervous system failure such as fainting spells and bladder control problems, combined with motor control symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, and loss of muscle coordination. MSA affects both men and women pri... | Multiple System Atrophy |
What are the treatments for Multiple System Atrophy ? | There is no cure for MSA. Currently, there are no treatments to delay the progress of neurodegeneration in the brain. But there are treatments available to help people cope with some of the more disabling symptoms of MSA. In some individuals, levodopa may improve motor function, but the benefit may not continue as the ... | Multiple System Atrophy |
What is the outlook for Multiple System Atrophy ? | The disease tends to advance rapidly over the course of 5 to 10 years, with progressive loss of motor skills, eventual confinement to bed, and death. There is no remission from the disease. There is currently no cure. | Multiple System Atrophy |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Multiple System Atrophy ? | The NINDS supports research about MSA through grants to major medical institutions across the country. Researchers hope to learn why alpha-synuclein buildup occurs in MSA and Parkinsons disease, and how to prevent it. Drugs that reduce the abnormal alpha-synuclein buildup may be promising treatments for MSA | Multiple System Atrophy |
What is (are) Inflammatory Myopathies ? | The inflammatory myopathies are a group of diseases, with no known cause, that involve chronic muscle inflammation accompanied by muscle weakness. The three main types of chronic, or persistent, inflammatory myopathy are polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and inclusion body myositis (IBM). These rare disorders may affect b... | Inflammatory Myopathies |
What are the treatments for Inflammatory Myopathies ? | The chronic inflammatory myopathies cant be cured in most adults but many of the symptoms can be treated. Options include medication, physical therapy, exercise, heat therapy (including microwave and ultrasound), orthotics and assistive devices, and rest. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are first treated with high dos... | Inflammatory Myopathies |
What is the outlook for Inflammatory Myopathies ? | Most cases of dermatomyositis respond to therapy. The prognosis for polymyositis varies. Most individuals respond fairly well to therapy, but some people have a more severe disease that does not respond adequately to therapies and are left with significant disability. IBM is generally resistant to all therapies and its... | Inflammatory Myopathies |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Inflammatory Myopathies ? | The National Institutes of Health (NIH), through the collaborative efforts of its National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), conducts and supports a wide ... | Inflammatory Myopathies |
What is (are) Miller Fisher Syndrome ? | Miller Fisher syndrome is a rare, acquired nerve disease that is considered to be a variant of Guillain-Barr syndrome. It is characterized by abnormal muscle coordination, paralysis of the eye muscles, and absence of the tendon reflexes. Like Guillain-Barr syndrome, symptoms may be preceded by a viral illness. Addition... | Miller Fisher Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Miller Fisher Syndrome ? | Treatment for Miller Fisher syndrome is identical to treatment for Guillain-Barr syndrome: intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasmapheresis (a procedure in which antibodies are removed from the blood) and supportive care. | Miller Fisher Syndrome |
What is the outlook for Miller Fisher Syndrome ? | The prognosis for most individuals with Miller Fisher syndrome is good. In most cases, recovery begins within 2 to 4 weeks of the onset of symptoms, and may be almost complete within 6 months. Some individuals are left with residual deficits. Relapses may occur rarely (in less than 3 percent of cases). | Miller Fisher Syndrome |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Miller Fisher Syndrome ? | The NINDS supports research aimed at discovering new ways to diagnose, treat, and, ultimately, cure neuropathies such as Miller Fisher syndrome. | Miller Fisher Syndrome |
What is (are) Dementia With Lewy Bodies ? | Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is one of the most common types of progressive dementia. The central features of DLB include progressive cognitive decline, fluctuations in alertness and attention, visual hallucinations, and parkinsonian motor symptoms, such as slowness of movement, difficulty walking, or rigidity. Peop... | Dementia With Lewy Bodies |
What are the treatments for Dementia With Lewy Bodies ? | There is no cure for DLB. Treatments are aimed at controlling the cognitive, psychiatric, and motor symptoms of the disorder. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as donepezil and rivastigmine, are primarily used to treat the cognitive symptoms of DLB, but they may also be of some benefit in reducing the psychiatric a... | Dementia With Lewy Bodies |
What is the outlook for Dementia With Lewy Bodies ? | Like Alzheimers disease and Parkinsons disease, DLB is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in progressive intellectual and functional deterioration. There are no known therapies to stop or slow the progression of DLB. Average survival after the time of diagnosis is similar to that in Alzheimers disease, about 8 y... | Dementia With Lewy Bodies |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Dementia With Lewy Bodies ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health conduct research related to DLB in laboratories at the NIH and support additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. Much of this research focuses on searc... | Dementia With Lewy Bodies |
What is (are) Todd's Paralysis ? | Todd's paralysis is a neurological condition experienced by individuals with epilepsy, in which a seizure is followed by a brief period of temporary paralysis. The paralysis may be partial or complete but usually occurs on just one side of the body. The paralysis can last from half an hour to 36 hours, with an average ... | Todd's Paralysis |
What are the treatments for Todd's Paralysis ? | There is no treatment for Todd's paralysis. Individuals must rest as comfortably as possible until the paralysis disappears. | Todd's Paralysis |
What is the outlook for Todd's Paralysis ? | Todd's paralysis is an indication that an individual has had an epileptic seizure. The outcome depends on the effects of the seizure and the subsequent treatment of the epilepsy. | Todd's Paralysis |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Todd's Paralysis ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) conducts research related to Todd's paralysis in its clinics and laboratories at The National Institutes of Health (NIH), and supports additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. Much of this research focuses on... | Todd's Paralysis |
What is (are) Headache ? | There are four types of headache: vascular, muscle contraction (tension), traction, and inflammatory. Vascular headaches include "cluster headaches, which cause repeated episodes of intense pain, and headaches resulting from high blood pressure,and toxic headache produced by fever. Muscle contraction headaches appear t... | Headache |
What are the treatments for Headache ? | When headaches occur three or more times a month, preventive treatment is usually recommended. Drug therapy, biofeedback training, stress reduction, and elimination of certain foods from the diet are the most common methods of preventing and controlling migraine and other vascular headaches. Regular exercise, such as s... | Headache |
What is the outlook for Headache ? | Not all headaches require medical attention. But some types of headache are signals of more serious disorders and call for prompt medical care. These include: sudden, severe headache or sudden headache associated with a stiff neck; headaches associated with fever, convulsions, or accompanied by confusion or loss of con... | Headache |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Headache ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) conducts research relating to headaches at its laboratories at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and supports additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. NINDS also supports and conducts studies to improv... | Headache |
What is (are) Landau-Kleffner Syndrome ? | Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is a rare, childhood neurological disorder characterized by the sudden or gradual development of aphasia (the inability to understand or express language) and an abnormal electro-encephalogram (EEG). LKS affects the parts of the brain that control comprehension and speech. The disorder us... | Landau-Kleffner Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Landau-Kleffner Syndrome ? | Treatment for LKS usually consists of medications, such as anticonvulsants and corticosteroids, and speech therapy, which should be started early. A controversial treatment option involves a surgical technique called multiple subpial transection in which the pathways of abnormal electrical brain activity are severed | Landau-Kleffner Syndrome |
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