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What is the outlook for Myasthenia Gravis ? | With treatment, most individuals with myasthenia can significantly improve their muscle weakness. Some case of myasthenia gravis may go into remission temporarily, and muscle weakness may disappear so that medications can be discontinued. In a few cases, the severe weakness of myasthenia gravis may cause respiratory fa... | Myasthenia Gravis |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Myasthenia Gravis ? | Scientists are evaluating new and improving current treatments for myasthenia gravis. Different drugs are being tested, either alone or in combination with existing drug therapies, to see if they are effective in treating the disorder. One study seeks to understand the molecular basis of synaptic transmission in the ne... | Myasthenia Gravis |
What is (are) Apraxia ? | Apraxia (called "dyspraxia" if mild) is a neurological disorder characterized by loss of the ability to execute or carry out skilled movements and gestures, despite having the desire and the physical ability to perform them. Apraxia results from dysfunction of the cerebral hemispheres of the brain, especially the parie... | Apraxia |
What are the treatments for Apraxia ? | Generally, treatment for individuals with apraxia includes physical, speech,or occupational therapy. If apraxia is a symptom of another disorder, the underlying disorder should be treated. | Apraxia |
What is the outlook for Apraxia ? | The prognosis for individuals with apraxia varies and depends partly on the underlying cause. Some individuals improve significantly while others may show very little improvement. | Apraxia |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Apraxia ? | The NINDS supports research on movement disorders and conditions such as apraxia. The goals of this research are to increase scientific understanding of these disorders, and to find ways to prevent, treat, and cure them. | Apraxia |
What is (are) Guillain-Barr Syndrome ? | Guillain-Barr syndrome is a disorder in which the body's immune system attacks part of the peripheral nervous system. The first symptoms of this disorder include varying degrees of weakness or tingling sensations in the legs. In many instances, the weakness and abnormal sensations spread to the arms and upper body. The... | Guillain-Barr Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Guillain-Barr Syndrome ? | There is no known cure for Guillain-Barr syndrome, but therapies can lessen the severity of the illness and accelerate the recovery in most patients. There are also a number of ways to treat the complications of the disease. Currently, plasmapheresis (also known as plasma exchange) and high-dose immunoglobulin therapy ... | Guillain-Barr Syndrome |
What is the outlook for Guillain-Barr Syndrome ? | Guillain-Barr syndrome can be a devastating disorder because of its sudden and unexpected onset. Most people reach the stage of greatest weakness within the first 2 weeks after symptoms appear, and by the third week of the illness 90 percent of all patients are at their weakest. The recovery period may be as little as ... | Guillain-Barr Syndrome |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Guillain-Barr Syndrome ? | Scientists are concentrating on finding new treatments and refining existing ones. Scientists are also looking at the workings of the immune system to find which cells are responsible for beginning and carrying out the attack on the nervous system. The fact that so many cases of Guillain-Barr begin after a viral or bac... | Guillain-Barr Syndrome |
What is (are) Isaacs' Syndrome ? | Issacs' syndrome (also known as neuromyotonia, Isaacs-Mertens syndrome, continuous muscle fiber activity syndrome, and quantal squander syndrome) is a rare neuromuscular disorder caused by hyperexcitability and continuous firing of the peripheral nerve axons that activate muscle fibers. Symptoms, which include progress... | Isaacs' Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Isaacs' Syndrome ? | Anticonvulsants, including phenytoin and carbamazepine, usually provide significant relief from the stiffness, muscle spasms, and pain associated with Isaacs' syndrome. Plasma exchange may provide short-term relief for individuals with some forms of the acquired disorder. | Isaacs' Syndrome |
What is the outlook for Isaacs' Syndrome ? | There is no cure for Isaacs' syndrome. The long-term prognosis for individuals with the disorder is uncertain. | Isaacs' Syndrome |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Isaacs' Syndrome ? | The NINDS supports an extensive research program of basic studies to increase understanding of diseases that affect the brain, spinal cord, muscles, and nerves. This research examines the genetics, symptoms, progression, and psychological and behavioral impact of diseases, with the goal of improving ways to diagnose, t... | Isaacs' Syndrome |
What is (are) Agnosia ? | Agnosia is a rare disorder characterized by an inability to recognize and identify objects or persons. People with agnosia may have difficulty recognizing the geometric features of an object or face or may be able to perceive the geometric features but not know what the object is used for or whether a face is familiar ... | Agnosia |
What are the treatments for Agnosia ? | Treatment is generally symptomatic and supportive. The primary cause of the disorder should be determined in order to treat other problems that may contribute to or result in agnosia. | Agnosia |
What is the outlook for Agnosia ? | Agnosia can compromise quality of life. | Agnosia |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Agnosia ? | The NINDS supports research on disorders of the brain such as agnosia with the goal of finding ways to prevent or cure them. | Agnosia |
What is (are) Rett Syndrome ? | Rett syndrome is a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder that affects females almost exclusively. The child generally appears to grow and develop normally, before symptoms begin. Loss of muscle tone is usually the first symptom. Other early symptoms may include a slowing of development, problems crawling or walking, an... | Rett Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Rett Syndrome ? | There is no cure for Rett syndrome. Treatment for the disorder is symptomatic, focusing on the management of symptoms, and supportive. Medication may be needed for breathing irregularities and motor difficulties, and antiepileptic drugs may be used to control seizures. Occupational therapy, physiotherapy, and hydrother... | Rett Syndrome |
What is the outlook for Rett Syndrome ? | The course of Rett syndrome, including the age of onset and the severity of symptoms, varies from child to child. Despite the difficulties with symptoms, most individuals with Rett syndrome continue to live well into middle age and beyond. Because the disorder is rare, very little is known about long-term prognosis and... | Rett Syndrome |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Rett Syndrome ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research related to Rett syndrome in laboratories at the NIH, and also support additional Rett syndrome research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. Th... | Rett Syndrome |
What is (are) Multifocal Motor Neuropathy ? | Multifocal motor neuropathy is a progressive muscle disorder characterized by muscle weakness in the hands, with differences from one side of the body to the other in the specific muscles involved. It affects men much more than women. Symptoms also include muscle wasting, cramping, and involuntary contractions or twitc... | Multifocal Motor Neuropathy |
What are the treatments for Multifocal Motor Neuropathy ? | Treatment for multifocal motor neuropathy varies. Some individuals experience only mild, modest symptoms and require no treatment. For others, treatment generally consists of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide. | Multifocal Motor Neuropathy |
What is the outlook for Multifocal Motor Neuropathy ? | Improvement in muscle strength usually begins within 3 to 6 weeks after treatment is started. Most patients who receive treatment early experience little, if any, disability. However, there is evidence of slow progression over many years. | Multifocal Motor Neuropathy |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Multifocal Motor Neuropathy ? | The NINDS supports a broad range of research on neuromuscular disorders with the goal of finding ways to prevent, treat, and, ultimately, cure them. | Multifocal Motor Neuropathy |
What is (are) Neurosyphilis ? | Neurosyphilis is a disease of the coverings of the brain, the brain itself, or the spinal cord. It can occur in people with syphilis, especially if they are left untreated. Neurosyphilis is different from syphilis because it affects the nervous system, while syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease with different sig... | Neurosyphilis |
What are the treatments for Neurosyphilis ? | Penicillin, an antibiotic, is used to treat syphilis. Individuals with neurosyphilis can be treated with penicillin given by vein, or by daily intramuscular injections for 10 14 days. If they are treated with daily penicillin injections, individuals must also take probenecid by mouth four times a day. Some medical pro... | Neurosyphilis |
What is the outlook for Neurosyphilis ? | Prognosis can change based on the type of neurosyphilis and how early in the course of the disease people with neurosyphilis get diagnosed and treated. Individuals with asymptomatic neurosyphilis or meningeal neurosyphilis usually return to normal health. People with meningovascular syphilis, general paresis, or tabes ... | Neurosyphilis |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Neurosyphilis ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke supports and conducts research on neurodegenerative disorders, such as neurosyphilis, in an effort to find ways to prevent, treat, and ultimately cure these disorders. | Neurosyphilis |
What is (are) Sleep Apnea ? | Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder characterized by brief interruptions of breathing during sleep. These episodes usually last 10 seconds or more and occur repeatedly throughout the night. People with sleep apnea will partially awaken as they struggle to breathe, but in the morning they will not be aware of the dis... | Sleep Apnea |
What are the treatments for Sleep Apnea ? | There are a variety of treatments for sleep apnea, depending on an individuals medical history and the severity of the disorder. Most treatment regimens begin with lifestyle changes, such as avoiding alcohol and medications that relax the central nervous system (for example, sedatives and muscle relaxants), losing weig... | Sleep Apnea |
What is the outlook for Sleep Apnea ? | Untreated, sleep apnea can be life threatening. Excessive daytime sleepiness can cause people to fall asleep at inappropriate times, such as while driving. Sleep apnea also appears to put individuals at risk for stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs, also known as mini-strokes), and is associated with coronary he... | Sleep Apnea |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Sleep Apnea ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research related to sleep apnea in laboratories at the NIH, and also support additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. Much of this resea... | Sleep Apnea |
What is (are) Fahr's Syndrome ? | Fahr's Syndrome is a rare, genetically dominant, inherited neurological disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of calcium in areas of the brain that control movement, including the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex. Symptoms of the disorder may include deterioration of motor function, dementia, seizures, heada... | Fahr's Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Fahr's Syndrome ? | There is no cure for Fahr's Syndrome, nor is there a standard course of treatment. Treatment addresses symptoms on an individual basis. | Fahr's Syndrome |
What is the outlook for Fahr's Syndrome ? | The prognosis for any individual with Fahr's Syndrome is variable and hard to predict. There is no reliable correlation between age, extent of calcium deposits in the brain, and neurological deficit. Since the appearance of calcification is age-dependent, a CT scan could be negative in a gene carrier who is younger tha... | Fahr's Syndrome |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Fahr's Syndrome ? | The NINDS supports and conducts research on neurogenetic disorders such as Fahr's Syndrome. The goals of this research are to locate and understand the actions of the genes involved in this disorder. Finding these genes could lead to effective ways to treat and prevent Fahr's Syndrome. | Fahr's Syndrome |
What is (are) Polymyositis ? | Polymyositis is one of a group of muscle diseases known as the inflammatory myopathies, which are characterized by chronic muscle inflammation accompanied by muscle weakness. Polymyositis affects skeletal muscles (those involved with making movement) on both sides of the body. It is rarely seen in persons under age 18;... | Polymyositis |
What are the treatments for Polymyositis ? | There is no cure for polymyositis, but the symptoms can be treated. Options include medication, physical therapy, exercise, heat therapy (including microwave and ultrasound), orthotics and assistive devices, and rest. The standard treatment for polymyositis is a corticosteroid drug, given either in pill form or intrave... | Polymyositis |
What is the outlook for Polymyositis ? | The prognosis for polymyositis varies. Most people respond fairly well to therapy, but some have a more severe disease that does not respond adequately to therapies and are left with significant disability. In rare cases individuals with severe and progressive muscle weakness will develop respiratory failure or pneumon... | Polymyositis |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Polymyositis ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research relating to polymyositis in laboratories at the NIH and support additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. Currently funded resea... | Polymyositis |
What is (are) Sydenham Chorea ? | Sydenham chorea (SD) is a neurological disorder of childhood resulting from infection via Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS), the bacterium that causes rheumatic fever. SD is characterized by rapid, irregular, and aimless involuntary movements of the arms and legs, trunk, and facial muscles. It affects girls ... | Sydenham Chorea |
What are the treatments for Sydenham Chorea ? | There is no specific treatment for SD. For people with the mildest form, bed rest during the period of active movements is sufficient. When the severity of movements interferes with rest, sedative drugs, such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines, may be needed. Antiepileptic medications, such as valproic acid, are often ... | Sydenham Chorea |
What is the outlook for Sydenham Chorea ? | Most children recover completely from SD, although a small number will continue to have disabling, persistent chorea despite treatment. The duration of symptoms varies, generally from 3 to 6 weeks, but some children will have symptoms for several months. Cardiac complications may occur in a small minority of children, ... | Sydenham Chorea |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Sydenham Chorea ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research related to SD in laboratories at the NIH, and support additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. Currently, researchers are study... | Sydenham Chorea |
What is (are) Cephalic Disorders ? | Cephalic disorders are congenital conditions that stem from damage to or abnormal development of the budding nervous system. Most cephalic disorders are caused by a disturbance that occurs very early in the development of the fetal nervous system. Damage to the developing nervous system is a major cause of chronic, dis... | Cephalic Disorders |
What are the treatments for Cephalic Disorders ? | Treatments for cephalic disorders depend upon the particular type of disorder. For most cephalic disorders, treatment is only symptomatic and supportive. In some cases, anticonvulsant medications shunts, or physical therapy are appropriate. | Cephalic Disorders |
What is the outlook for Cephalic Disorders ? | The degree to which damage to the developing nervous system harms the mind and body varies enormously. Many disabilities are mild enough to allow those afflicted to eventually function independently in society. Others are not. Some infants, children, and adults die; others remain totally disabled; and an even larger po... | Cephalic Disorders |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Cephalic Disorders ? | Scientists are rapidly learning how harmful insults, a critical nutritional deficiency, or exposure to an environmental insult at various stages of pregnancy can lead to developmental disorders. Research projects currently underway include a study to evaluate increased risk of neural tube defects and various other cong... | Cephalic Disorders |
What is (are) Antiphospholipid Syndrome ? | Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder caused when antibodies -- immune system cells that fight off bacteria and viruses -- mistakenly attack healthy body tissues and organs. In APS, specific antibodies activate the inner lining of blood vessels, which leads to the formation of blood clots in arterie... | Antiphospholipid Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Antiphospholipid Syndrome ? | The main goal of treatment is to thin the blood to reduce clotting. At present, the recommended treatment is low-dose aspirin. For individuals who have already had a stroke or experience recurrent clots, doctors recommend treatment with the anticoagulant warfarin. Pregnant women are treated with either aspirin or anoth... | Antiphospholipid Syndrome |
What is the outlook for Antiphospholipid Syndrome ? | APS improves significantly with anticoagulation therapy, which reduces the risk of further clots in veins and arteries. Treatment should be lifelong, since there is a high risk of further clots in individuals who stop warfarin treatment. Doctors often recommend that individuals stop smoking, exercise regularly, and eat... | Antiphospholipid Syndrome |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Antiphospholipid Syndrome ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) support research on APS through grants to major medical institutions across the country.NINDS-funded research is looking at ways to reduce clotting and prevent stroke. Among other NIH-fund... | Antiphospholipid Syndrome |
What are the complications of Machado-Joseph Disease ? | Lyme disease is caused by a bacterial organism that is transmitted to humans via the bite of an infected tick. Most people with Lyme disease develop a characteristic skin rash around the area of the bite. The rash may feel hot to the touch, and vary in size, shape, and color, but it will often have a "bull's eye" appea... | Machado-Joseph Disease |
What are the treatments for Machado-Joseph Disease ? | Lyme disease is treated with antibiotics under the supervision of a physician. | Machado-Joseph Disease |
What is the outlook for Machado-Joseph Disease ? | Most individuals with Lyme disease respond well to antibiotics and have full recovery. In a small percentage of individuals, symptoms may continue or recur, requiring additional antibiotic treatment. Varying degrees of permanent joint or nervous system damage may develop in individuals with late-stage Lyme disease. | Machado-Joseph Disease |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Machado-Joseph Disease ? | The NINDS supports research on Lyme disease. Current areas of interest include improving diagnostic tests and developing more effective treatments. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), and the National Cente... | Machado-Joseph Disease |
What is (are) Niemann-Pick Disease ? | Niemann-Pick disease (NP) refers to a group of inherited metabolic disorders known as lipid storage diseases. Lipids (fatty materials such as waxes, fatty acids, oils, and cholesterol) and proteins are usually broken down into smaller components to provide energy for the body. In Niemann-Pick disease, harmful quantitie... | Niemann-Pick Disease |
What are the treatments for Niemann-Pick Disease ? | There is currently no cure for Niemann-Pick disease. Treatment is supportive. Children usually die from infection or progressive neurological loss. There is currently no effective treatment for persons with type A. Bone marrow transplantation has been attempted in a few individuals with type B. The development of enzym... | Niemann-Pick Disease |
What is the outlook for Niemann-Pick Disease ? | Infants with type A die in infancy. Children with Type B may live a comparatively long time, but may require supplemental oxygen because of lung impairment. The life expectancy of persons with type C varies: some individuals die in childhood while others who appear to be less severely affected can live into adulthood. | Niemann-Pick Disease |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Niemann-Pick Disease ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), conducts and supports research about Niemann-Pick disease through research grants to research institutions across the country. Investigators at the NINDS have identified two different genes that, when... | Niemann-Pick Disease |
What is (are) Hemicrania Continua ? | Hemicrania continua is a chronic and persistent form of headache marked by continuous pain that varies in severity, always occurs on the same side of the face and head, and is superimposed with additional debilitating symptoms. on the continuous but fluctuating pain are occasional attacks of more severe pain. A small p... | Hemicrania Continua |
What are the treatments for Hemicrania Continua ? | Indomethacin provides rapid relief from symptoms. Patients must take between 25 and 300 milligrams of indomethacin daily and indefinitely to decrease symptoms. Some individuals may need to take acid-suppression medicine due to a gastrointestinal side effect. For those who cannot tolerate the side effects, another NSAID... | Hemicrania Continua |
What is the outlook for Hemicrania Continua ? | Individuals may obtain complete to near-complete relief of symptoms with proper medical attention and daily medication. Some people may not be able to tolerate long-term use of indomethacin and may have to rely on less effective NSAIDs. | Hemicrania Continua |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Hemicrania Continua ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) support research related to hemicrania continua through grants to medical research institutions across the country. Much of this research focuses on understanding hemicrania continua in or... | Hemicrania Continua |
What is (are) Brain and Spinal Tumors ? | Tumors of the brain and spinal cord are abnormal growths of tissue found inside the skull or the bony spinal column. The brain and spinal cord are the primary components of the central nervous system (CNS). Benign tumors are noncancerous, and malignant tumors are cancerous. The CNS is housed within rigid, bony quarters... | Brain and Spinal Tumors |
What are the treatments for Brain and Spinal Tumors ? | The three most commonly used treatments are surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Doctors also may prescribe steroids to reduce the tumor-related swelling inside the CNS. | Brain and Spinal Tumors |
What is the outlook for Brain and Spinal Tumors ? | Symptoms of brain and spinal cord tumors generally develop slowly and worsen over time unless they are treated. The tumor may be classified as benign or malignant and given a numbered score that reflects its rate of malignancy. This score can help doctors determine how to treat the tumor and predict the likely outcome,... | Brain and Spinal Tumors |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Brain and Spinal Tumors ? | Scientists continue to investigate ways to better understand, diagnose, and treat CNS tumors. Experimental treatment options may include new drugs, gene therapy, surgery , radiation, biologic modulators that enhance the body's overall immune system to recognize and fight cancer cells, and a combination of therapies. Of... | Brain and Spinal Tumors |
What is (are) Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL) ? | von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is a rare, genetic multi-system disorder in which non-cancerous tumors grow in certain parts of the body. Slow-growing hemgioblastomas -- benign tumors with many blood vessels -- may develop in the brain, spinal cord, the retinas of the eyes, and near the inner ear. Cysts (fluid-filled s... | Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL) |
What are the treatments for Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL) ? | Treatment for VHL varies according to the location and size of the tumor. In general, the objective of treatment is to treat the tumors before they grow to a size large enough to cause permanent problems by putting pressure on the brain or spinal cord. this pressure can block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the nerv... | Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL) |
What is the outlook for Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL) ? | The prognosis for individuals with VHL depends on then number, location, and complications of the tumors. Untreated, VHL may result in blindness and/or permanent brain damage. With early detection and treatment the prognosis is significantly improved. Death is usually caused by complications of brain tumors or kidney c... | Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL) |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL) ? | The mission of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is to seek fundamental knowledge about the brain and nervous system, and to use that knowledge to reduce the burden of neurological disease. The NINDS pursues a vigorous program of research aimed at preventing and treating disorders that... | Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL) |
What is (are) Behcet's Disease ? | Behcet's disease is a rare, chronic inflammatory disorder. The cause of Behcet's disease is unknown, but current research suggests that both genetic and environmental factors play a role. Behcet's disease generally begins when individuals are in their 20s or 30s, although it can happen at any age. It tends to occur mor... | Behcet's Disease |
What are the treatments for Behcet's Disease ? | Treatment for Behcet's disease is symptomatic and supportive. Medication may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and/or regulate the immune system. Immunosuppressive therapy may be considered. | Behcet's Disease |
What is the outlook for Behcet's Disease ? | Behcet's disease is a lifelong disorder that comes and goes. Permanent remission of symptoms has not been reported. | Behcet's Disease |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Behcet's Disease ? | The NINDS supports research on painful neurological disorders such as Behcet's disease. The National Human Genome Research Institute, another Institute of the National Institutes of Health, conducts research into the genomic basis of Behcet's disease. This research is aimed at discovering the causes of these disorders ... | Behcet's Disease |
What is (are) Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ? | Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare brain disorder that causes serious and progressive problems with control of gait and balance, along with complex eye movement and thinking problems. One of the classic signs of the disease is an inability to aim the eyes properly, which occurs because of lesions in the are... | Progressive Supranuclear Palsy |
What are the treatments for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ? | There is currently no effective treatment for PSP, although scientists are searching for better ways to manage the disease. In some patients the slowness, stiffness, and balance problems of PSP may respond to antiparkinsonian agents such as levodopa, or levodopa combined with anticholinergic agents, but the effect is u... | Progressive Supranuclear Palsy |
What is the outlook for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ? | PSP gets progressively worse but is not itself directly life-threatening. It does, however, predispose patients to serious complications such as pneumonia secondary to difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia). The most common complications are choking and pneumonia, head injury, and fractures caused by falls. The most comm... | Progressive Supranuclear Palsy |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ? | Research is ongoing on Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Better understanding of those common, related disorders will go a long way toward solving the problem of PSP, just as studying PSP may help shed light on Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. | Progressive Supranuclear Palsy |
What is (are) Myotonia Congenita ? | Myotonia congenita is an inherited neuromuscular disorder characterized by the inability of muscles to quickly relax after a voluntary contraction. The condition is present from early childhood, but symptoms can be mild. Most children will be 2 or 3 years old when parents first notice their muscle stiffness, particular... | Myotonia Congenita |
What are the treatments for Myotonia Congenita ? | Most people with myotonia congenita dont require special treatments. Stiff muscles usually resolve with exercise, or light movement, especially after resting. For individuals whose symptoms are more limiting, doctors have had some success with medications such as quinine, or anticonvulsant drugs such as phenytoin. Phys... | Myotonia Congenita |
What is the outlook for Myotonia Congenita ? | Most individuals with myotonia congenita lead long, productive lives. Although muscle stiffness may interfere with walking, grasping, chewing, and swallowing, it is usually relieved with exercise. | Myotonia Congenita |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Myotonia Congenita ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) conducts research related to myotonia congenita and also supports additional research through grants to major research institutions across the country. Current research is exploring how, at the molecular level, the defective gene in myotonia congenita ... | Myotonia Congenita |
What is (are) Tardive Dyskinesia ? | Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological syndrome caused by the long-term use of neuroleptic drugs. Neuroleptic drugs are generally prescribed for psychiatric disorders, as well as for some gastrointestinal and neurological disorders. Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by repetitive, involuntary, purposeless movements. Fe... | Tardive Dyskinesia |
What are the treatments for Tardive Dyskinesia ? | Treatment is highly individualized. The first step is generally to stop or minimize the use of the neuroleptic drug, but this can be done only under close supervision of the physician.. However, for patients with a severe underlying condition this may not be a feasible option. Replacing the neuroleptic drug with substi... | Tardive Dyskinesia |
What is the outlook for Tardive Dyskinesia ? | Symptoms of tardive dyskinesia may remain long after discontinuation of neuroleptic drugs. In many cases, the symptoms stop spontaneously, but in some cases they may persist indefinitely. | Tardive Dyskinesia |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Tardive Dyskinesia ? | The NINDS conducts and supports a broad range of research on movement disorders including tardive dyskinesia. The goals of this research are to improve understanding of these disorders and to discover ways to treat, prevent, and, ultimately, cure them. | Tardive Dyskinesia |
What is (are) Cerebral Atrophy ? | Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain. Atrophy of any tissue means loss of cells. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them. Atrophy can be generalized, which means that all of the brain has shrunk; or it can be focal, affecting on... | Cerebral Atrophy |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Cerebral Atrophy ? | The NINDS funds research looking at many of the diseases and disorders that cause cerebral atrophy. Understanding the biological mechanisms that cause neurons to die in the brain will help researchers find ways to prevent, treat, and even cure the diseases that lead to cerebral atrophy. | Cerebral Atrophy |
What is (are) Monomelic Amyotrophy ? | Monomelic amyotrophy (MMA) is characterized by progressive degeneration and loss of motor neurons, the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that are responsible for controlling voluntary muscles. It is characterized by weakness and wasting in a single limb, usually an arm and hand rather than a foot and leg. There ... | Monomelic Amyotrophy |
What are the treatments for Monomelic Amyotrophy ? | There is no cure for MMA. Treatment consists of muscle strengthening exercises and training in hand coordination | Monomelic Amyotrophy |
What is the outlook for Monomelic Amyotrophy ? | The symptoms of MMA usually progress slowly for one to two years before reaching a plateau, and then remain stable for many years. Disability is generally slight. Rarely, the weakness progresses to the opposite limb. There is also a slowly progressive variant of MMA known as O'Sullivan-McLeod syndrome, which only affec... | Monomelic Amyotrophy |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Monomelic Amyotrophy ? | The NINDS conducts and supports a broad range of research on motor neuron diseases. The goals of these studies are to increase understanding of these disorders and to find ways to treat, prevent, and ultimately cure them. | Monomelic Amyotrophy |
What is (are) Benign Essential Blepharospasm ? | Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and spasms of the eyelid muscles. It is a form of dystonia, a movement disorder in which muscle contractions cause sustained eyelid closure, twitching or repetitive movements. BEB begins graduall... | Benign Essential Blepharospasm |
What are the treatments for Benign Essential Blepharospasm ? | In most cases of BEB the treatment of choice is botulinum toxin injections which relax the muscles and stop the spasms. Other treatment options include medications (drug therapy) or surgery--either local surgery of the eye muscles or deep brain stimulation surgery. | Benign Essential Blepharospasm |
What is the outlook for Benign Essential Blepharospasm ? | With botulinum toxin treatment most individuals with BEB have substantial relief of symptoms. Although some may experience side effects such as drooping eyelids, blurred or double vision, and eye dryness, these side effects are usually only temporary. The condition may worsen or expand to surrounding muscles; remain th... | Benign Essential Blepharospasm |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Benign Essential Blepharospasm ? | The NINDS supports a broad program of research on disorders of the nervous system, including BEB. Much of this research is aimed at increasing understanding of these disorders and finding ways to prevent, treat, and cure them. | Benign Essential Blepharospasm |
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