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What is the outlook for Muscular Dystrophy ? | The prognosis for people with MD varies according to the type and progression of the disorder. Some cases may be mild and progress very slowly over a normal lifespan, while others produce severe muscle weakness, functional disability, and loss of the ability to walk. Some children with MD die in infancy while others li... | Muscular Dystrophy |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Muscular Dystrophy ? | The NINDS supports a broad program of research studies on MD. The goals of these studies are to understand MD and to develop techniques to diagnose, treat, prevent, and ultimately cure the disorder.
The NINDS is a member of the Muscular Dystrophy Coordinating Committee (MDCC). For additional informatio... | Muscular Dystrophy |
What is (are) Hypertonia ? | Hypertonia is a condition in which there is too much muscle tone so that arms or legs, for example, are stiff and difficult to move. Muscle tone is regulated by signals that travel from the brain to the nerves and tell the muscle to contract. Hypertonia happens when the regions of the brain or spinal cord that control ... | Hypertonia |
What are the treatments for Hypertonia ? | Muscle relaxing drugs such as baclofen, diazepam, and dantrolene may be prescribed to reduce spasticity. All of these drugs can be taken by mouth, but baclofen may also be injected directly into the cerebrospinal fluid through an implanted pump. Botulinum toxin is often used to relieve hypertonia in a specific area of ... | Hypertonia |
What is the outlook for Hypertonia ? | The prognosis depends upon the severity of the hypertonia and its cause. In some cases, such as cerebral palsy, the hypertonia may not change over the course of a lifetime. in other cases, the hypertonia may worsen along with the underlying disease If the hypertonia is mild, it has little or no effect on a person's hea... | Hypertonia |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Hypertonia ? | NINDS supports research on brain and spinal cord disorders that can cause hypertonia. The goals of this research are to learn more about how the nervous system adapts after injury or disease and to find ways to prevent and treat these disorders. | Hypertonia |
What is (are) Migraine ? | The pain of a migraine headache is often described as an intense pulsing or throbbing pain in one area of the head. However, it is much more; the International Headache Society diagnoses a migraine by its pain and number of attacks (at least 5, lasting 4-72 hours if untreated), and additional symptoms including nausea ... | Migraine |
What are the treatments for Migraine ? | There is no absolute cure for migraine since its pathophysiology has yet to be fully understood. There are two ways to approach the treatment of migraine headache with drugs: prevent the attacks, or relieve the symptoms during the attacks. Prevention involves the use of medications and behavioral changes. Drugs origina... | Migraine |
What is the outlook for Migraine ? | Responsive prevention and treatment of migraine is incredibly important. Evidence shows an increased sensitivity after each successive attack, eventually leading to chronic daily migraine in some individuals With proper combination of drugs for prevention and treatment of migraine attacks most individuals can overcome ... | Migraine |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Migraine ? | Researchers believe that migraine is the result of fundamental neurological abnormalities caused by genetic mutations at work in the brain. New models are aiding scientists in studying the basic science involved in the biological cascade, genetic components and mechanisms of migraine. Understanding the causes of migrai... | Migraine |
What is (are) Brown-Sequard Syndrome ? | Brown-Sequard syndrome (BSS) is a rare neurological condition characterized by a lesion in the spinal cord which results in weakness or paralysis (hemiparaplegia) on one side of the body and a loss of sensation (hemianesthesia) on the opposite side. BSS may be caused by a spinal cord tumor, trauma (such as a puncture w... | Brown-Sequard Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Brown-Sequard Syndrome ? | Generally treatment for individuals with BSS focuses on the underlying cause of the disorder. Early treatment with high-dose steroids may be beneficial in many cases. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive. | Brown-Sequard Syndrome |
What is the outlook for Brown-Sequard Syndrome ? | The prognosis for individuals with BSS varies depending on the cause of the disorder. | Brown-Sequard Syndrome |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Brown-Sequard Syndrome ? | The NINDS supports and conducts a wide range of research on spinal cord disorders such as BSS. The goal of this research is to find ways to prevent, treat, and, ultimately, cure these disorders. | Brown-Sequard Syndrome |
What is (are) Syncope ? | Syncope is a medical term used to describe a temporary loss of consciousness due to the sudden decline of blood flow to the brain. Syncope is commonly called fainting or passing out. If an individual is about to faint, he or she will feel dizzy, lightheaded, or nauseous and their field of vision may white out or black ... | Syncope |
What are the treatments for Syncope ? | The immediate treatment for an individual who has fainted involves checking first to see if their airway is open and they are breathing. The person should remain lying down for at least 10-15 minutes, preferably in a cool and quiet space. If this isnt possible, have the individual sit forward and lower their head below... | Syncope |
What is the outlook for Syncope ? | Syncope is a dramatic event and can be life-threatening if not treated properly. Generally, however, people recover completely within minutes to hours. If syncope is symptomatic of an underlying condition, then the prognosis will reflect the course of the disorder. | Syncope |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Syncope ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research related to syncope in laboratories at the NIH and support additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. Much of this research focuse... | Syncope |
What is (are) Mitochondrial Myopathy ? | Mitochondrial myopathies are a group of neuromuscular diseases caused by damage to the mitochondriasmall, energy-producing structures that serve as the cells' "power plants." Nerve cells in the brain and muscles require a great deal of energy, and thus appear to be particularly damaged when mitochondrial dysfunction oc... | Mitochondrial Myopathy |
What are the treatments for Mitochondrial Myopathy ? | Although there is no specific treatment for any of the mitochondrial myopathies, physical therapy may extend the range of movement of muscles and improve dexterity. Vitamin therapies such as riboflavin, coenzyme Q, and carnitine (a specialized amino acid) may provide subjective improvement in fatigue and energy levels ... | Mitochondrial Myopathy |
What is the outlook for Mitochondrial Myopathy ? | The prognosis for patients with mitochondrial myopathies varies greatly, depending largely on the type of disease and the degree of involvement of various organs. These disorders cause progressive weakness and can lead to death. | Mitochondrial Myopathy |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Mitochondrial Myopathy ? | The NINDS conducts and supports research on mitochondrial myopathies. The goals of this research are to increase scientific understanding of these disorders and to find ways to effectively treat, prevent, or potentially cure them. | Mitochondrial Myopathy |
What is (are) Wilson Disease ? | Wilson disease (WD) is a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the body. The buildup of copper leads to damage in the liver, brain, and eyes. Although copper accumulation begins at birth, symptoms of the disorder only appear later in life. The most characteristi... | Wilson Disease |
What are the treatments for Wilson Disease ? | WD requires lifelong treatment, generally using drugs that remove excess copper from the body and prevent it from re-accumulating. Zinc, which blocks the absorption of copper in the stomach and causes no serious side effects, is often considered the treatment of choice. Penicillamine and trientine are copper chelators ... | Wilson Disease |
What is the outlook for Wilson Disease ? | Early onset of the disease may foretell a worse prognosis than later onset. If the disorder is detected early and treated appropriately, an individual with WD can usually enjoy normal health and a normal lifespan. If not treated, however, WD can cause brain damage, liver failure, and death. The disease requires lifelon... | Wilson Disease |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Wilson Disease ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct and/or support research related to Wilson disease. Growing knowledge of the copper transporting gene A... | Wilson Disease |
What is (are) Aicardi Syndrome ? | Aicardi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that primarily affects newborn girls. The condition is sporadic, meaning it is not known to pass from parent to child. (An exception is a report of two sisters and a pair of identical twins, all of whom were affected.) The mutation that causes Aicardi syndrome has not been id... | Aicardi Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Aicardi Syndrome ? | There is no cure for Aicardi syndrome nor is there a standard course of treatment. Treatment generally involves medical management of seizures and programs to help parents and children cope with developmental delays. Long-term management by a pediatric neurologist with expertise in the management of infantile spasms is... | Aicardi Syndrome |
What is the outlook for Aicardi Syndrome ? | The prognosis for girls with Aicardi syndrome varies according to the severity of their symptoms. There is an increased risk for death in childhood and adolescence, but survivors into adulthood have been described. | Aicardi Syndrome |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Aicardi Syndrome ? | The NINDS supports and conducts research on neurogenetic disorders such as Aicardi syndrome. The goals of this research are to locate and understand the genes involved and to develop techniques to diagnose, treat, prevent, and ultimately cure disorders such as Aicardi syndrome. | Aicardi Syndrome |
What is (are) Holoprosencephaly ? | Holoprosencephaly is a disorder caused by the failure of the prosencephalon (the embryonic forebrain) to sufficiently divide into the double lobes of the cerebral hemispheres. The result is a single-lobed brain structure and severe skull and facial defects. In most cases of holoprosencephaly, the malformations are so s... | Holoprosencephaly |
What are the treatments for Holoprosencephaly ? | There is no standard course of treatment for holoprosencephaly. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. | Holoprosencephaly |
What is the outlook for Holoprosencephaly ? | The prognosis for individuals with the disorder depends on the severity of the brain and facial deformities. | Holoprosencephaly |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Holoprosencephaly ? | The NINDS supports and conducts a wide range of studies that focus on identifying and learning more about the factors involved in normal brain development. Recent research has identified specific genes that cause holoprosencephaly. The knowledge gained from these fundamental studies provides the foundation for understa... | Holoprosencephaly |
What is (are) Hemifacial Spasm ? | Hemifacial spasm is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by frequent involuntary contractions (spasms) of the muscles on one side (hemi-) of the face (facial). The disorder occurs in both men and women, although it more frequently affects middle-aged or elderly women. It is much more common in the Asian population. T... | Hemifacial Spasm |
What are the treatments for Hemifacial Spasm ? | Surgical treatment in the form of microvascular decompression, which relieves pressure on the facial nerve, will relieve hemifacial spasm in many cases. This intervention has significant potential side-effects, so risks and benefits have to be carefully balanced. Other treatments include injections of botulinum toxin i... | Hemifacial Spasm |
What is the outlook for Hemifacial Spasm ? | The prognosis for an individual with hemifacial spasm depends on the treatment and their response. Some individuals will become relatively free from symptoms with injection therapy. Some may require surgery. In most cases, a balance can be achieved, with tolerable residual symptoms. | Hemifacial Spasm |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Hemifacial Spasm ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) conducts and supports research related to hemifacial spams through grants to major research institutions across the country. Much of this research focuses on better ways to prevent, treat, and ultimately cure neurological disorders, such as hemifacial ... | Hemifacial Spasm |
What is (are) Learning Disabilities ? | Learning disabilities are disorders that affect the ability to understand or use spoken or written language, do mathematical calculations, coordinate movements, or direct attention. Although learning disabilities occur in very young children, the disorders are usually not recognized until the child reaches school age. ... | Learning Disabilities |
What are the treatments for Learning Disabilities ? | The most common treatment for learning disabilities is special education. Specially trained educators may perform a diagnostic educational evaluation assessing the child's academic and intellectual potential and level of academic performance. Once the evaluation is complete, the basic approach is to teach learning skil... | Learning Disabilities |
What is the outlook for Learning Disabilities ? | Learning disabilities can be lifelong conditions. In some people, several overlapping learning disabilities may be apparent. Other people may have a single, isolated learning problem that has little impact on their lives. | Learning Disabilities |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Learning Disabilities ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other Institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) support research learning disabilities through grants to major research institutions across the country. Current research avenues focus on developing techniques to diagnose and treat learn... | Learning Disabilities |
What is (are) Kennedy's Disease ? | Kennedy's disease is an inherited motor neuron disease that affects males. It is one of a group of disorders called lower motor neuron disorders (which involve disruptions in the transmission of nerve cell signals in the brain to nerve cells in the brain stem and spinal cord). Onset of the disease is usually between th... | Kennedy's Disease |
What are the treatments for Kennedy's Disease ? | Currently there is no known cure for Kennedy's disease. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Physical therapy and rehabilitation to slow muscle weakness and atrophy may prove helpful. | Kennedy's Disease |
What is the outlook for Kennedy's Disease ? | Kennedy's disease is slowly progressive. Individuals tend to remain ambulatory until late in the disease, although some may be wheelchair-bound during later stages. The life span of individuals with Kennedy's disease is usually normal. | Kennedy's Disease |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Kennedy's Disease ? | The NINDS supports a broad spectrum of research on motor neuron diseases, such as Kennedy's disease. Much of this research is aimed at increasing scientific understanding of these diseases and, ultimately, finding ways to prevent, treat, and cure them. | Kennedy's Disease |
What is (are) Neurosarcoidosis ? | Neurosarcoidosis is a manifestation of sarcoidosis in the nervous system. Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that typically occurs in adults between 20 and 40 years of age and primarily affects the lungs, but can also impact almost every other organ and system in the body. Neurosarcoidosis is characterized ... | Neurosarcoidosis |
What are the treatments for Neurosarcoidosis ? | There is no agreed upon standard of treatment for neurosarcoidosis. Doctors generally recommend corticosteroid therapy as first-line therapy for individuals with the condition. Additional treatment with immunomodulatory drugs such as hydroxychloroquine, pentoxyfilline, thalidomide, and infliximab, and immunosuppressive... | Neurosarcoidosis |
What is the outlook for Neurosarcoidosis ? | The prognosis for patients with neurosarcoidosis varies. Approximately two-thirds of those with the condition will recover completely; the remainder will have a chronically progressing or on-and-off course of illness. Complications resulting from immunosuppressive treatments, such as cryptococcal and tuberculous mening... | Neurosarcoidosis |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Neurosarcoidosis ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) has joined with other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to form a trans-NIH working group to coordinate and fund research into the disease mechanisms of sarcoidosis, predisposing factors, genetic underpinnings, and the potential for... | Neurosarcoidosis |
What is (are) Pituitary Tumors ? | The pituitary is a small, bean-sized gland that is below the hypothalamus, a structure at the base of the brain, by a thread-like stalk that contains both blood vessels and nerves. It controls a system of hormones in the body that regulate growth, metabolism, the stress response, and functions of the sex organs via the... | Pituitary Tumors |
What are the treatments for Pituitary Tumors ? | Generally, treatment depends on the type of tumor, the size of the tumor, whether the tumor has invaded or pressed on surrounding structures, such as the brain and visual pathways, and the individuals age and overall health. Three types of treatment are used: surgical removal of the tumor; radiation therapy, in which h... | Pituitary Tumors |
What is the outlook for Pituitary Tumors ? | If diagnosed early enough, the prognosis is usually excellent. If diagnosis is delayed, even a non-functioning tumor can cause problems if it grows large enough to press on the optic nerves, the brain, or the carotid arteries (the vessels that bring blood to the brain). Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to a goo... | Pituitary Tumors |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Pituitary Tumors ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research related to brain tumors, including pituitary tumors, in their laboratories at the NIH and also support research through grants to major medical institutions across the cou... | Pituitary Tumors |
What is (are) Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation ? | Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a rare, inherited, neurological movement disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of iron in the brain and progressive degeneration of the nervous system. Symptoms, which vary greatly among patients and usually develop during childhood, may include dyst... | Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation |
What are the treatments for Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation ? | There is no cure for NBIA, nor is there a standard course of treatment. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive, and may include physical or occupational therapy, exercise physiology, and/or speech pathology. Many medications are available to treat the primary symptoms of dystonia and spasticity, including oral medicat... | Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation |
What is the outlook for Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation ? | NBIA is a progressive condition. Most individuals experience periods of rapid decline lasting weeks to months, with relatively stable periods in between. The rate of progression correlates with the age at onset, meaning that children with early symptoms tend to fare more poorly. For those with early onset, dystonia and... | Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation ? | The mission of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is to seek fundamental knowledge about the brain and nervous system, and to use that knowledge to reduce the burden of neurological disease. NINDS-funded researchers are developing a mouse model of an NBIA disorder to gain insight into t... | Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation |
What is (are) Frontotemporal Dementia ? | Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) describes a clinical syndrome associated with shrinking of the frontal and temporal anterior lobes of the brain. Originally known as Picks disease, the name and classification of FTD has been a topic of discussion for over a century. The current designation of the syndrome groups together ... | Frontotemporal Dementia |
What are the treatments for Frontotemporal Dementia ? | No treatment has been shown to slow the progression of FTD. Behavior modification may help control unacceptable or dangerous behaviors. Aggressive, agitated, or dangerous behaviors could require medication. Anti-depressants have been shown to improve some symptoms. | Frontotemporal Dementia |
What is the outlook for Frontotemporal Dementia ? | The outcome for people with FTD is poor. The disease progresses steadily and often rapidly, ranging from less than 2 years in some individuals to more than 10 years in others. Eventually some individuals with FTD will need 24-hour care and monitoring at home or in an institutionalized care setting. | Frontotemporal Dementia |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Frontotemporal Dementia ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), conduct research related to FTD in laboratories at the NIH, and also support additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. | Frontotemporal Dementia |
What is (are) Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum ? | Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is one of several disorders of the corpus callosum, the structure that connects the two hemispheres (left and right) of the brain. In ACC the corpus callosum is partially or completely absent. It is caused by a disruption of brain cell migration during fetal development. ACC can oc... | Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum |
What are the treatments for Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum ? | There is no standard course of treatment for ACC. Treatment usually involves management of symptoms and seizures if they occur. Associated difficulties are much more manageable with early recognition and therapy, especially therapies focusing on left/right coordination. Early diagnosis and interventions are currently t... | Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum |
What is the outlook for Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum ? | Prognosis depends on the extent and severity of malformations. Intellectual impairment does not worsen. Individuals with a disorder of the corpus callosum typically have delays in attaining developmental milestones such as walking, talking, or reading; challenges with social interactions; clumsiness and poor motor coor... | Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum ? | The mission of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is to seek fundamental knowledge about the brain and nervous system and to use that knowledge to reduce the burden of neurological disease. The NINDS conducts and supports a wide range of studies that explore the complex mechanisms of no... | Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum |
What is (are) Neuroaxonal dystrophy ? | Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a rare inherited neurological disorder. It affects axons, the part of a nerve cell that carries messages from the brain to other parts of the body, and causes progressive loss of vision, muscular control, and mental skills. While the basic genetic and metabolic causes are unkno... | Neuroaxonal dystrophy |
What are the treatments for Neuroaxonal dystrophy ? | There is no cure for INAD and no treatment that can stop the progress of the disease. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Doctors can prescribe medications for pain relief and sedation. Physiotherapists and other physical therapists can teach parents and caregivers how to position and seat their child, and to exer... | Neuroaxonal dystrophy |
What is the outlook for Neuroaxonal dystrophy ? | INAD is a progressive disease. Once symptoms begin, they will worsen over time. Generally, a babys development starts to slow down between the ages of 6 months to 3 years. The first symptoms may be slowing of motor and mental development, followed by loss or regression of previously acquired skills. Rapid, wobbly eye m... | Neuroaxonal dystrophy |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Neuroaxonal dystrophy ? | Researchers continue to search for the defective gene that causes INAD in hopes of developing drugs that can stop the disease. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) conducts research related to INAD in its laboratories at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and also supports additiona... | Neuroaxonal dystrophy |
What is (are) Inclusion Body Myositis ? | Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is one of a group of muscle diseases known as the inflammatory myopathies, which are characterized by chronic, progressive muscle inflammation accompanied by muscle weakness. The onset of muscle weakness in IBM is generally gradual (over months or years) and affects both proximal (close to... | Inclusion Body Myositis |
What are the treatments for Inclusion Body Myositis ? | There is no cure for IBM, nor is there a standard course of treatment. The disease is generally unresponsive to corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Some evidence suggests that intravenous immunoglobulin may have a slight, but short-lasting, beneficial effect in a small number of cases. Physical therapy may be ... | Inclusion Body Myositis |
What is the outlook for Inclusion Body Myositis ? | IBM is generally resistant to all therapies and its rate of progression appears to be unaffected by currently available treatments. | Inclusion Body Myositis |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Inclusion Body Myositis ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research relating to IBM in laboratories... | Inclusion Body Myositis |
What is (are) Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy ? | Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) is a term that describes the degeneration of neurons in specific areas of the brain the cerebellum, pons, and inferior olives. OPCA is present in several neurodegenerative syndromes, including inherited and non-inherited forms of ataxia (such as the hereditary spinocerebellar ataxia... | Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy |
What are the treatments for Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy ? | There is no specific treatmentfor OPCA. Physicians may try different medications to treat the ataxia, tremor, and rigidity that are associated with the disorder. Other treatments are directed at specific symptoms. Stiffness, spasms, sleep disorders, depression, and tremor may be improved with medication. A physical the... | Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy |
What is the outlook for Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy ? | There is no cure for OPCA. The disorder is slowly progressive with death usually occurring approximately 20 years after onset. | Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy ? | The NINDS supports and conducts a broad range of basic and clinical research on cerebellar degeneration, including work aimed at finding the cause(s) of OPCA and ways to treat, cure, and, ultimately, prevent the disease. There has been great progress recently since the genes for several of the hereditary forms of OPCA ... | Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy |
What is (are) Postural Tachycardia Syndrome ? | Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is one of a group of disorders that have orthostatic intolerance (OI) as their primary symptom. OI describes a condition in which an excessively reduced volume of blood returns to the heart after an individual stands up from a lying down position. The primary symptom of ... | Postural Tachycardia Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Postural Tachycardia Syndrome ? | Therapies for POTS are targeted at relieving low blood volume or regulating circulatory problems that could be causing the disorder. No single treatment has been found to be effect for all. A number of drugs seem to be effective in the short term. Whether they help in long term is uncertain. Simple interventions such a... | Postural Tachycardia Syndrome |
What is the outlook for Postural Tachycardia Syndrome ? | POTS may follow a relapsing-remitting course, in which symptoms come and go, for years. In most cases (approximately 80 percent), an individual with POTS improves to some degree and becomes functional, although some residual symptoms are common. | Postural Tachycardia Syndrome |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Postural Tachycardia Syndrome ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other Institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research related to POTS and support additional research through grants to major research institutions across the country. Much of this research focuses on finding better ways to p... | Postural Tachycardia Syndrome |
What is (are) Mucolipidoses ? | The mucolipidoses (ML) are a group of inherited metabolic diseases that affect the bodys ability to carry out the normal turnover of various materials within cells. In ML, abnormal amounts of carbohydrates and fatty materials (lipids) accumulate in cells. Because our cells are not able to handle such large amounts of t... | Mucolipidoses |
What are the treatments for Mucolipidoses ? | No cures or specific therapies for ML currently exists. Therapies are generally geared toward treating symptoms and providing supportive care to the child. For individuals with corneal clouding, surgery to remove the thin layer over the eye has been shown to reduce the cloudiness in the eye. However, this improvement m... | Mucolipidoses |
What is the outlook for Mucolipidoses ? | Symptoms of ML can be congenital (present at birth) or begin in early childhood or adolescence. Early symptoms can include skeletal abnormalities, vision problems and developmental delays. Over time, many children with ML develop poor mental capacities, have difficulty reaching normal developmental milestones, and, in ... | Mucolipidoses |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Mucolipidoses ? | The mission of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is to seek fundamental knowledge of the brain and nervous system and to use that knowledge to reduce the burden of neurological disease. Investigators are conducting studies to determine the effects of ML genetic mutations in various ani... | Mucolipidoses |
What is (are) Trigeminal Neuralgia ? | Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), also called tic douloureux, is a chronic pain condition that causes extreme, sporadic, sudden burning or shock-like face pain. The painseldomlasts more than a few seconds or a minute or twoper episode. The intensity of pain can be physically and mentally incapacitating. TN pain is typically f... | Trigeminal Neuralgia |
What are the treatments for Trigeminal Neuralgia ? | Because there are a large number of conditions that can cause facial pain, TN can be difficult to diagnose. But finding the cause of the pain is important as the treatments for different types of pain may differ. Treatment options include medicines such as anticonvulsants and tricyclic antidepressants, surgery, and com... | Trigeminal Neuralgia |
What is the outlook for Trigeminal Neuralgia ? | The disorder is characterized by recurrences and remissions, and successive recurrences may incapacitate the patient. Due to the intensity of the pain, even the fear of an impending attack may prevent activity. Trigeminal neuralgia is not fatal. | Trigeminal Neuralgia |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Trigeminal Neuralgia ? | Within the NINDS research programs, trigeminal neuralgia is addressed primarily through studies associated with pain research. NINDS vigorously pursues a research program seeking new treatments for pain and nerve damage with the ultimate goal of reversing debilitating conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia. NINDS has ... | Trigeminal Neuralgia |
What is (are) Thoracic Outlet Syndrome ? | TOS is an umbrella term that encompasses three related syndromes that involve compression of the nerves, arteries, and veins in the lower neck and upper chest area and cause pain in the arm, shoulder, and neck. Most doctors agree that TOS is caused by compression of the brachial plexus or subclavian vessels as they pas... | Thoracic Outlet Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome ? | Treatment begins with exercise programs and physical therapy to strengthen chest muscles, restore normal posture, and relieve compression by increasing the space of the area the nerve passes through. Doctors will often prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as naproxen or ibuprofen) for pain. Other medic... | Thoracic Outlet Syndrome |
What is the outlook for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome ? | The outcome for individuals with TOS varies according to type. The majority of individuals with TOS will improve with exercise and physical therapy. Vascular TOS, and true neurogenic TOS often require surgery to relieve pressure on the affected vessel or nerve. | Thoracic Outlet Syndrome |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes at the National Institutes of Health support research in TOS through grants to major medical research institutions across the country. Much of this research focuses on finding better ways to diagnose and treat TOS. | Thoracic Outlet Syndrome |
What is (are) Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ? | Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive neurological disorder of children and young adults that affects the central nervous system (CNS). It is a slow, but persistent, viral infection caused by defective measles virus. SSPE has been reported from all parts of the world, but it is considered a rare d... | Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis |
What are the treatments for Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ? | Currently, there is no cure for SSPE. Clinical trials of antiviral (isoprinosine and ribavirin) and immunomodulatory (interferon alpha) drugs have suggested that these types of therapies given alone or in combination halt the progression of the disease and can prolong life, but their long-term effects on individuals, a... | Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis |
What is the outlook for Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ? | Most individuals with SSPE will die within 1 to 3 years of diagnosis. In a small percentage of people, the disease will progress rapidly, leading to death over a short course within three months of diagnosis. Another small group will have a chronic, slowly progressive form, some with relapses and remissions. A very sma... | Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ? | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes at the National Institutes of Health conduct research related to SSPE in their clinics and laboratories and support additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. Much of this research focuses ... | Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis |
What is (are) Back Pain ? | Acute or short-term low back pain generally lasts from a few days to a few weeks. Most acute back pain is the result of trauma to the lower back or a disorder such as arthritis. Pain from trauma may be caused by a sports injury, work around the house or in the garden, or a sudden jolt such as a car accident or other st... | Back Pain |
What are the treatments for Back Pain ? | Most low back pain can be treated without surgery. Treatment involves using over-the-counter pain relievers to reduce discomfort and anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce inflammation. The goal of treatment is to restore proper function and strength to the back, and prevent recurrence of the injury. Medications are often u... | Back Pain |
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