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Get ISTDP treatment in Oslo or online
Are you considering ISTDP therapy? Psykologvirke offers ISTDP therapy that can be carried out in Oslo, or from anywhere online. On this page we will briefly introduce the method and how we can help you.
What is ISTDP?
Intensive dynamic short-term treatment (ISTDP) is a form of therapy that focuses on helping you to restore a natural, free and compassionate contact with ourselves and others. This can be an effective treatment for, among other things, anxiety, depression and self-esteem difficulties.
ISTDP stands for Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy, or Intensive Dynamic Short-Term Treatment, and is an intensive form of depth therapy.
When good cooperation is created within the framework of ISTDP therapy this method has the potential to promote substantial changes in a short period of time.
Many people who have several, often long-term treatment attempts behind them, experience dramatically greater benefits from ISTDP. The form of therapy is basically about restoring a natural, free and compassionate contact with ourselves and others.
If you want to go more in depth to learn about ISTDP you can read a practical introduction to anyone who wants to understand the method here.
How can ISTDP help?
ISTDP is a well-scientifically documented form of therapy that has proven effective for a number of difficulties. Also so-called «treatment-resistant» conditions and «Psychosomatic» conditions. These are conditions where physical symptoms, such as irritable bowel, pain such as headaches, fibromyalgia and other musculoskeletal disorders, etc. are believed to be greatly affected by psychological conditions.
The method is also effective against anxiety, depression and self-esteem difficulties and relationship problems. Perhaps especially when several of these are combined.
What is at the core of ISTDP therapy?
ISTDP offers focused, intensive and profound processes that work with resolving the causes and symptoms of problems.
While Freud was not particularly concerned with this therapeutic technique, ISTDP has been developed by psychoanalytic psychologists who were looking for more effective ways of working.
Through countless hours of microanalyses of therapy videos, a system of intervention algorithms has been developed, in which the client's responses to a set of parameters at any given time determine the therapist's next intervention.
Both the ISTDP therapist and the client are active participants. You get help to quickly become aware of everything that happens, not least under the consciousness radar, in the here and now situation with the therapist and in situations where your problems arise.
You and the therapist are actively working together to replace old, often unconscious ways of facing the world. You will also receive coping strategies to step more authentically into the relationship with the ISTDP therapist.
Who is ISTDP suitable for?
Self-determination is absolutely central to our work with ISTDP. We strive to think aloud together and give clear assessments when we seem to see something clear. But you are always free to choose what you want to focus on and we take things at exactly the pace you prefer.
The treatment is suitable for those who are willing to really put in the effort required to become as free as one can in this world.
The ISTDP therapist will be active and invite you to enter into the relationship with yourself, the therapist and others in increasingly healthier ways.
We work as systematically as we can through the layers of learned protection, distancing and self-attack that may stand in the way.
An ISTDP therapy can be an intense and demanding process, but also deeply liberating. We find your thresholds so that we can work at the very top of what you can stand. This makes the therapy as safe and effective as possible.
Our job as ISTDP therapists is to make yourself clear to yourself. This also means showing the options you are facing and the consequences of these.
It is also our job to reach out to you, take responsibility for our half of the relationship and give you the necessary structure so you can really step into who you are.
Sharma-Bakkevig has several years of experience in the treatment of various mental disorders. He is also a supervisor for psychologists and psychiatrists who are learning ISTDP and are supervisors at Norwegian Institute for ISTDP.
Goksøyr is one of the most experienced ISTDP therapists in Norway. He has practiced the method intensively for eight years.
He has completed a three-year ISTDP therapist education where he has received close training and guidance from international leaders such as Allan Abbass, Jon Fredrickson and Patricia Coughlin.
Ivar Goksøyr has studied learning therapy with Josette ten Have de-Labije. He has treated several hundred patients with ISTDP and gradually built up a solid competence in applying the method to a wide range of issues.
He regularly participates in international conferences and in-depth seminars.
Goksøyr has completed a three-year education in ISTDP under the leadership of Patricia Coughlin, one of the foremost exponents of the method internationally.
She is currently taking so-called advanced training. She already specializes in traditional psychodynamic therapy from the Department of Psychotherapy.
Hilde is characterized by the seamless integration of accumulated competence from different professional traditions with her natural human understanding. She regularly attends international conferences and specialization seminars.
Christian Skeie, Anders Gamstøbakk and Erlend Laurhammer
Skeie, Gamstøbakk and Laurhammer have taken a three-year further education in ISTDP, which among other things means that they have received and regularly receive training and video guidance from national and international experts. They spend a lot of time analyzing the therapy process in detail.
You are guaranteed a solid follow-up from these therapists. Through our booking You can also choose which psychologist you want to have an appointment with.
Why choose Psykologvirke?
Psykologvirke has a strong professional environment for ISTDP in central Oslo. Our psychologists are highly specialized ISTDP therapists. We have regular video tutorials with international and national experts. Psykologvirke also offers guidance for psychologists specializing in ISTDP.
If you have already decided to jump in and give it a try, you can book an appointment in two minutes here. Remember that we also offer video therapy to people all over the country.
By clicking on the button below you will also get be able to watch a video where we share our experiences with ISTDP via video therapy.
Schedule an appointment with our ISTDP therapists in Oslo
There is only one way to find out of ISTDP can help you, as it has so many others. Remember that we also offer video sessions to clients all over the country.
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Processed junk meals are considerable, and since they’re excessive in sugar, salt, and fats, they might be dangerous to your well being. But what are the very worst issues to eat?
That’s to not counsel you need to by no means eat the gadgets on this checklist once more, however if you wish to eat a balanced food regimen, attempt to restrict your consumption of those ten meals.
Even should you adore doughnuts, your coronary heart won’t. Doughnuts are fried, so once you eat them, you take up numerous saturated and trans fat. Doughnuts are additionally thought of empty energy because the meals has numerous energy and sugar (a chocolate iced doughnut has 350 energy) however little nutritious profit. So don’t be shocked if you end up reaching for one more donut… or two.
9. Canned Soups
Canned soups, which seem like an harmless addition to this checklist, aren’t as dangerous to your well being as among the different gadgets on this checklist, however they nonetheless comprise an excessive amount of salt. Soup, when ready accurately, might give a hearty and wholesome meal stuffed with nutritional vitamins and different delights, so if you wish to eat soup, make your individual. That manner, you’ll know exactly what’s in it and gained’t fall into the canned varieties’ excessive salt lure.RELATED: Top 10 Energy Drink Brands In The World 2022
8. Chicken Nuggets
Don’t be misled into believing that since they embody hen, hen nuggets are a wholesome dietary choice. The reality is that hen nuggets are seldom made totally of hen breast, with producers combining the flesh with bulking chemical compounds and residual chunks of carcass (the typical nugget accommodates 50 p.c extra fats and carbs than protein.) Instead of consuming deep-fried nuggets, put together your individual wholesome hen nuggets at residence by chopping a lean hen breast into items and coating it in breadcrumbs.
7. Frozen Meals
Although frozen prepared meals are a handy choice, they supply little dietary profit. Manufacturers add extreme portions of preservatives and salt to meals that has been sitting in your freezer for months to make it edible. Instead of stocking your freezer with store-bought prepared meals, put together your individual selfmade alternate options in bulk and freeze particular person servings.
6. Processed Meats
Processed meats have been altered to include nitrates and different chemical additions to assist protect the meat and enhance its shade. Some processed meats, akin to sausages, are additionally ready from leftover, undesirable animal components blended with numerous salt and fats. Consuming processed meat also can pose well being hazards akin to hypertension, coronary heart illness, and varied kinds of most cancers.
5. Fizzy Drinks
Despite the truth that they don’t seem to be formally a meal, fizzy drinks have to be included on the checklist of dangerous meals. Regular consumption of fizzy drinks has been linked to coronary heart illness, tooth rot, and osteoporosis. Fizzy drinks additionally comprise numerous hidden sugar, with a can of coke containing about 10 teaspoons. Even food regimen drinks that seem like more healthy must be prevented since, whereas fewer in energy than full-fat counterparts, they nonetheless comprise synthetic sweeteners that may destroy tooth enamel over time.RELATED: Top 10 Food That Helps In Digestion 2022
4. Pork Rinds Or Crackles (Pork Scratchings)
Unsurprisingly, deep-fried pig pores and skin coated with salt enters our checklist of the ten worst meals to eat. If you’ve ever opened a bag of pork scratchings, you may have stumble upon a piece with just a few hairs on it. Pig hair is commonly eliminated by swiftly burning the pores and skin earlier than it’s sliced up and fried in sizzling fats, however some hair might stay on the pores and skin now and again.
Many of us start our days with a bowl of cereal, however in sure conditions, this breakfast choice might embody quite a lot of harmful substances. Some breakfast cereals (notably these marketed to youngsters) embody preservatives, synthetic colours, flavorings, and extreme ranges of sugar. According to a research revealed within the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, cereals marketed to youngsters had larger ranges of salt, carbs, sugar, and energy per gram than cereals not marketed to youngsters. If possible, select cereals which are excessive in fiber and low in sugar.
2. Fried Desserts
Anything deep-fried is unhealthy to your well being, and protecting a dessert that’s already loaded in sugar and fats with batter is a nasty thought. Fried meals can block your arteries, resulting in coronary heart assaults, strokes, and diabetes over time. Don’t be fooled into pondering that this doesn’t additionally apply to pineapple and banana fritters. Despite the truth that they’re fruit, they’ve been baked in batter and might be swimming in scrumptious syrup.
1. Cheesy Fries
It’s no secret that fries are full of salt, fats, and energy, and including numerous cheese to an already unhealthy snack is a nasty thought to your well being. A normal serving of fries consists of about 420 energy. If you set 100g of cheddar cheese on high, the fries will acquire 400 energy and 35g of fats.READ NEXT
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The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department (James Brokenshire): It is a real pleasure to serve under your chairmanship, Mr Davies, in your first debate in Westminster Hall. I congratulate you on your appointment to the Panel of Chairs. I wish you all success in that position and in chairing many more debates in the weeks and months ahead.
In securing the debate today, I wish to address the issue of so-called legal highs, which are new psychoactive synthetic substances. The coalition Government will not lose sight of the harms caused by all drug use. Within our objective of making society a safer place for young people, we need to be responsive to such new threats and new harms. Over the past 18 months or so, there has been a proliferation of so-called legal highs, which are often drugs with a similar molecular structure to a controlled drug, but they have been deliberately altered by unscrupulous manufacturers to subvert our laws by producing an entirely new compound which, although the pharmacological effects may be similar to or greater than the controlled drug, are not already controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.
Those selling these potentially harmful drugs advertise them as legal and safe, often under purposely enticing brand names such as Fast Lane, Silver Bullet and many others, including Ivory Wave, to which I will refer later. They often label them as "not for human consumption" or "research chemicals", or describe them as pond cleaner, plant food or bath salts, with the aim of circumventing medicines legislation-a purely insidious ruse. Another alarming feature is the way in which legal highs are advertised and sold over the internet, creating a more connected global marketplace, thus increasing the ways in which it is possible to buy drugs, which can be accessed by people of all ages.
A further layer of complexity is highlighted by the research from test purchases referred to in the latest report on naphyrone by the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. Although people who sell legal highs often brand them as legal, test purchases demonstrate that they may contain any number of illegal substances, especially cathinones, legal stimulants or other active and inactive constituents. Simply because a drug is marketed as legal does not mean that it is safe or, indeed, that it is legal.
There is no starker reminder of the problem than the UK's experience with mephedrone, which was rapidly established in the UK and was eventually brought under the control of the Misuse of Drugs Act with cross-party agreement in the final days of the last Parliament.
The hon. Member for Tynemouth (Mr Campbell) is here this afternoon, and I know that he was involved in work to secure that position.
I want to discuss first the harms of such drugs, because that is at the root of our concerns and responsibilities. It is becoming increasingly clear that those substances are far from harmless and can have similar health risks to drugs such as cocaine, ecstasy and amphetamines. The ACMD-our independent expert advisers-has provided full assessments of harms on a range of substances that could be described as the first generation of legal highs: gamma-butyrolactone or GBL; synthetic cannabinoids; benzylpiperazine or BZP; and related piperazines and cathinones, including mephedrone and naphyrone. It is clear that some of those substances are so novel that there is little research into the short, medium and long-term risks that they pose.
What we can conclude from the ACMD's reports to date is that those drugs-in some cases, more properly described as chemicals-are far from safe. By way of example, the harms associated with mephedrone identified by the ACMD include anxiety and paranoid states, and the risk of over-stimulating the heart and nervous system to cause fits and delusions as well as the risk of dependency. The recently published 2010 annual report by the national programme on substance abuse deaths advises that mephedrone has been detected in a total of 38 deaths in the UK, and was the sole direct cause of death in at least two of them. In a further two cases, mephedrone was implicated but there were also underlying health issues. Mephedrone has been implicated in two cases of death by hanging and was a contributory factor to another two deaths by natural causes. A remaining 29 cases await the completion of inquiries by the coroner or the procurator fiscal. It should be emphasised that the risks associated with the substances are increased if they are used with alcohol or other drugs.
For the reasons I have set out, action to address the health risks arising from the use of legal highs, including new ones coming on to the market, is a priority for the coalition Government. We need to reduce the supply of, and the demand for, new substances. Our response must be wide-ranging, encompassing prevention, education, treatment and enforcement, and at its core is our legislative response. As with all drugs, enforcement action must be taken at home-at local and at national levels-at our borders and abroad, to create a hostile environment for those selling legal highs on the internet and in so-called "head shops".
In many ways, policing legal highs presents particular challenges for law enforcement, but I am encouraged that with joint working across law enforcement we are beginning to gain a better understanding and application of the full range of tools and powers available. We are working closely with the Association of Chief Police Officers and other agencies to develop a comprehensive and robust approach to tackle the mis-selling of illicit substances such as legal highs, by taking local, targeted action. ACPO guidance has been updated and is available to all police forces in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
My Department has also called on local trading standards teams, through local authority chief executives, to work in partnership with the police to deal with the sale of legal highs, taking full account of the latest evidence that something branded as legal is not necessarily
so, and to make appropriate referrals to the police and otherwise apply their responsibility for enforcing offences under the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008. Trading standards and the police, in a number of locations, are working closely with a range of partners, including drug treatment agencies, schools and youth services, to gather intelligence and to tackle sales from head shops and the internet.
In Norfolk, for example, all retailers believed to be selling legal highs have been visited by local trading standards officers. In Suffolk, following effective action by the police and trading standards, all known retailers have now agreed not to stock or to supply legal highs. We should also remember that it is illegal to sell, supply or advertise legal highs for human consumption under medicines legislation. The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency will take appropriate measures to control and enforce medicines law.
The UK Border Agency has undertaken effective enforcement action against criminal gangs that traffic such drugs across our borders, by seizing and destroying shipments of illegal drugs and of legal highs that have been subject to an import ban under the open general import licence. The Serious Organised Crime Agency has actively developed approaches to identify importers, distributors and sellers of legal highs. That includes activity in conjunction with law enforcement partners and in parallel with work conducted by Europol and by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction to gather intelligence on suppliers of legal high substances on the internet. Productive discussions have taken place with the competent authorities within source countries, mindful of their internal laws and regulations.
Along with referrals for enforcement action where appropriate, SOCA has also taken action to disrupt such activity by using preventive tools, such as the removal of websites, either in tandem with more traditional activity or independently. As part of a wider initiative to disrupt criminal activity, SOCA has closed 113 websites that offered mephedrone or naphyrone for sale after the respective bans.
Those trafficking banned substances face a substantial term of imprisonment-up to a maximum of 14 years-and, where they have profited from any illegal trade, the courts have the power to seize their property and other assets under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002. We are also strengthening our forensic capability to identify new illicit drugs and emerging legal highs by creating a virtual reference library of characterised chemical standards. Working with forensics providers, the library will allow new evidential methods to be used to enable the police and UKBA to enforce the law. We are introducing technology at the borders to support UKBA in identifying any new drugs imported into the UK. That work will feed directly into our early warning capabilities.
Enforcement action of that kind is effective. We continue to monitor the impact of the recent bans on mephedrone and naphyrone, but indications are that they have curtailed availability, with law enforcement agencies able to take swift action to seize drugs and, to some degree, with retailers self-regulating themselves. Since the bans were introduced, UKBA has made a number of detections. It has stopped more than 128 kg
of chemicals that it suspects to be mephedrone from entering the UK, and has seized more than 125 kg of naphyrone. Early indications from the police and forensics providers suggest that there has been a sizeable number of seizures of mephedrone since the ban in April this year. I hope to see the anecdotal information translated into national statistics in due course.
Prevention of drug use is an absolutely important element of the coalition Government's approach to drugs. Young people need to be empowered to make the right decisions, and we all have a role to play in helping them to do that by changing attitudes towards any drug use. Young people need to be aware of the dangers of substances, including emerging legal highs. Parents must take a certain amount of responsibility for this. We know that young people listen to and trust their parents on such issues, and that parents can be hugely influential.
We also need to ensure that we get the balance right between communicating information accurately to the media and young people to deter use, and avoiding inadvertently raising interest in experimenting with new substances as they emerge. Interest in mephedrone and searches to buy it online increased with media coverage. In June, I wrote to the organisers of music festivals to make them aware of that, and asked them to review the measures that they put in place to ensure that their festivals are as safe an environment as possible.
Since 2005, the FRANK service has been offering a universally accessible service for anyone wanting help, information or advice on drug issues. The service, which is available by phone, on the web or by e-mail, can put people in touch with local services in their area and send out free information materials. FRANK also provides partners such as schools, youth services, charities and local services with an effective means of engaging with young people through the distribution of leaflets and classroom packs to deliver drugs education.
Later this month, we will launch a campaign to raise students' awareness of the dangers of so-called legal highs and the risks associated with the use of such substances. We have established a partnership with the National Union of Students to deliver the campaign, which will launch during the freshers period to coincide with the new university year and the run-up to Christmas. Our work will seek to educate students on health risks associated with the use of legal highs and inform them of the possible illegalities of using such substances. As part of that campaign activity, I will write to university vice-chancellors to make them aware of the issue.
The FRANK service will be a key vehicle for communicating those messages. It provides up-to-date information on legal highs to young people, parents and carers via its website, helpline and text service. FRANK's key messages on legal highs emphasise, first, that just because a drug is legal to possess, it does not mean that it is safe, and, secondly, that it is likely that drugs sold as a legal high may contain one or more substances that it is illegal to possess.
Previously, head teachers and authorised school staff had the statutory power to search without consent only those who were suspected of carrying a knife or other weapon. On 7 July, the Minister of State, Department for Education, my hon. Friend the Member for Bognor Regis and Littlehampton (Mr Gibb), announced that, as of 1 September-very recently, at the start of the term-that authority would be extended to include
legal highs and several other articles. Our drug laws need to change more quickly to protect the public, and to combat the unscrupulous manufacturers and suppliers who seek to make huge profits at the cost of the health of the public, especially young people. As set out in the coalition agreement, the coalition Government have made it a priority to introduce a system of temporary bans as such substances emerge, .
The underlying purpose of the temporary banning power is to enable us to legislate quickly, while at the same time providing the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs with the time and space that it needs to formulate its full advice. The power is subject to parliamentary scrutiny, and while it targets supply, it does not criminalise young people unnecessarily, particularly when the true nature of the substance may still be in question.
I want to make it clear that the temporary banning power is a key and necessary tool in our legislative response to this changing landscape, but our preferred approach to drug control will remain the one which the advisory council and the Government have adopted for the past 40 years: a full assessment by the council before any controls are invoked by Parliament. I also wish to endorse and, as advice leads us, continue to adopt the use of generic definitions in our drug legislation to capture not only the substance encountered in the UK but its related compounds.
The Government intend to amend the UK-wide Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 in this first Session of Parliament. The power will have the following features: orders placing a drug under temporary control will be subject to a 12-month time period or earlier revocation if, for example, the drug becomes subject to permanent control in that time; it will be applied to trafficking offences including possession with intent to supply, offer to supply, supply, importation, exportation and production; it will apply class B current maximum penalties and/or an unlimited fine on indictment and six months and/or a £5,000 fine on summary conviction; and it will subject an order for temporary classification to the negative resolution procedure, and retain the affirmative resolution procedure with Privy Council Order in Council for permanent control.
I wish to highlight three features. First, the possession offence ordinarily prescribed for illegal drugs under the 1971 Act will not apply. A possession offence would send the strongest message, but our focus is on targeting importers and suppliers to curb availability, not to criminalise users, especially young people, while the full nature of the substance is mostly uncertain. However, we will ensure that law enforcement officers have the power to seize and retain a drug under temporary classification.
Secondly, as with drugs brought under permanent control, the role of scientific advice is both integral and necessary to ensure that any temporary ban is invoked on a necessary and proportionate basis. The advice that the advisory council has provided is key to the effectiveness to date of the UK's legislative response, and it has enabled the UK to lead the world in responding to such challenges. It is proposed that the council discharge this role under a temporary banning power in line with its statutory position to provide expert independent advice, including on a drug's likely psychoactive properties, as well as an indication of likely harmfulness, and
legitimate use, for which we would have to consider the impact of control, as we do for drugs subject to permanent control.
We are working closely with the advisory council to develop a protocol under which we would work under a temporary banning power. The council and the Government also need to oversee the development of a more systematic approach to providing early warning of new substances. Thirdly, it is my intention to apply the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 to drugs that are subject to a temporary control order, so we will seize property and other assets from those who are caught peddling such drugs out of pure greed, recklessly or deliberately disregarding the harm that they cause. Pursuant to our wider communications response, a clear and consistent narrative around the temporary class will support the proposed new power, to ensure that it is not less effective than the current system of control, and that users do not continue to use a drug subject to temporary classification with impunity.
Tom Brake (Carshalton and Wallington) (LD): Can the Minister clarify one aspect of the temporary ban? If the advisory council subsequently finds that the drug is not in fact dangerous in any shape or form, what will happen to anyone who might have been prosecuted for supply?
James Brokenshire: The hon. Gentleman makes an important point. In circumstances in which legislation subsequently changes, the criminal sanction still stands. That is why we have focused on the supply and public harm issues, rather than creating a possession offence.
If the ACMD were subsequently to determine that a drug under the temporary classification was not to move into a permanent classification, and someone had been convicted after an offence had been identified and a prosecution secured, that offence would still stand. That underlines the need for the protocol with the ACMD, which I have mentioned, allowing us to seek advice from it on the use of the temporary ban in the first place. That may be done on a more fast-track basis, but certain tenets need to be applied to that process, because the intention in using the temporary ban is not, as I have said, to circumvent the existing system but to use it. Issues to do with mephedrone and other legal highs have highlighted the potential need to act quickly, from a public harm perspective, and that is the focus of our intent.
John Woodcock (Barrow and Furness) (Lab/Co-op): Does the Minister not agree that it would be strange if subsequent medical advice changed our understanding of a drug, and we had to say to a group of people who had deliberately circumvented the law-and not on the basis that they thought that there was a moral right to obtain this harmless drug-"Actually, it's fine, you can get compensation for whatever penalties we imposed on you"?
The relevant point here concerning legal highs is that the ACMD flagged up to the Government its concern about mephedrone, pointing out that there was a problem it needed to do further work on to reach a final conclusion. It was so concerned that it was almost advising the Government to take preventive
steps. Through this mechanism we want to be able to act, from a public harm and a warning perspective, to ensure that those issues are dealt with swiftly and quickly. In other words, we want to try to reduce the risk of harm occurring. That is the emphasis and intention behind the temporary banning power, and it is consistent with the approach taken in other legislation: that if the law is subsequently changed, pre-existing offences that may have been incurred still subsist.
I should like to mention Ivory Wave, which is causing a number of hon. Members significant concern and has been mentioned in the press and the media. I want to deal with certain reports associating the use of the so-called legal high-branded product Ivory Wave with a number of localised accident and emergency presentations in the last few weeks. Health alerts have been issued by the chief medical officers for England and Wales and Scotland, and the FRANK service was updated to highlight the risks that we are currently aware of that are associated with Ivory Wave. We are actively monitoring the situation. My Department has received early information from the Scottish Crime and Drugs Enforcement Agency that the latest Ivory Wave products associated with the admissions in Lothian may contain a non-controlled amphetamine-type stimulant, Desoxypipradrol, or 2-DPMP. Confirmation from forensic providers and details of other sampling is awaited.
In Edinburgh, Lothian and Borders police, in partnership with the City of Edinburgh public health authorities, have visited a number of head shops, which has led to the removal of Ivory Wave products from sale. Hampshire police have also conducted a joint operation with trading standards, raiding two head shops on the Isle of Wight, resulting in the seizure of large quantities of legal highs and the arrest of two individuals for suspected supply of controlled drugs. In the light of that information, earlier this week I spoke to the chair of ACMD, Professor Les Iversen, and asked the council to keep a close interest in developments here and provide advice as necessary. I have instructed my officials to share with the ACMD information that we have and provide regular updates.
There were previous indications that the so-called legal high Ivory Wave had contained certain controlled drugs. Different supplies of Ivory Wave using that brand name contain different drugs, some of which may already be controlled drugs, hence our seeking further information on the forensics and the nature of the drugs seized under that branding.
We are dealing with this emerging and dynamic problem of legal highs, including BZP, synthetic cannabinoids, mephedrone and the latest so-called legal high. Although effective legislation is integral to our response to protect the public-particularly the health of our young people-from the harms of the drugs, there is no easy fix. We are working closely with the ACMD out of a shared concern about these new psychoactive substances. As well as advice on individual drugs, our response will also be informed by the advisory council's thematic work on legal highs. That response must be wide-ranging, encompassing all the strands that will reduce both demand and supply. But let me say clearly to anyone tempted to try a legal high that just because something is advertised as legal does not mean it is safe-and it may not even be legal.
John Woodcock (Barrow and Furness) (Lab/Co-op): I welcome this debate and many of the steps that the new Government are taking, which follow the previous Administration's effective and determined approach to tackling this difficult problem. I am glad to have the chance to speak in this debate, because there is a problem with the way we discuss so-called legal highs. Perhaps we need to find a better way of branding such drugs, which cause a great deal of harm to individuals and communities.
A number of issues that the Minister mentioned were also big issues in Barrow. I want briefly to mention a number of matters. First, he made an interesting point about the responsibility of traders to act in a way that minimises the harm to which young people can be subjected. I am glad that he gave an example of traders acting responsibly. However, I have to say that in Barrow, my personal experience prior to the election was not the same: local shops refused to cease stocking mephedrone before the temporary ban was put in place. Such an example calls into question whether the new powers that the Minister is suggesting, which are welcome, will go far enough in the important interim period that he rightly identified-in which a drug becomes controversial and notorious and the process to put a temporary ban in placed is started, and during which sales can increase.
The point made about the legality of so-called legal high drugs before they are in the public domain is apposite. We knew from personal experience-I should say that that this is not my personal experience-in Barrow of a substance called Shake 'n' Vac: a repackaging of mephedrone, which received a lot of attention during the mephedrone debate. That substance was sold in quantities of 1 gram for £15, purportedly as carpet cleaner, with the words, "Not for human consumption" written on it. It was laughable to suggest that the traders in question might believe that it was carpet cleaner, and it was clear that they did not. Is there not a way of immediately enforcing current law if it is sufficient to stop such products being mis-sold? If that is not possible under the current law, should it not be tightened? Could there not be a power to place an immediate suspension on suspicious substances, even before a temporary ban? If that power were used wrongly, traders could seek financial recompense, but in cases that seem as clear-cut as those experienced in my area, the chances of success would be slight.
Tom Brake: I understand the hon. Gentleman's point, but does he foresee difficulties if someone sells Shake 'n' Vac-the real thing that goes into vacuum cleaners-and advertises it at £15 a gram? They would be selling a product at a super-inflated price.
John Woodcock: I take the theoretical point, but I am not sure whether, in the real world, one would come remotely close to such circumstances. Frankly, if my proposal catches some rogue traders who are prepared to dupe people, we could probably live with that. The level of damage that is being perpetrated and the risks to which young people are being exposed mean that we must make decisions that fall within the bounds of common sense, and I believe that they would be readily accepted. I am interested to hear more about what the Government can do.
My final point concerns agreement on how important it is to clamp down on this malicious and immoral practice. Can the Minister guarantee that, given the severe budget constraints on the police and the whole of Government, this work will not suffer in the months and years ahead?
Tom Brake (Carshalton and Wallington) (LD): I welcome you to the debate, Mr Davies. This is the first debate in which you have been in the Chair, and the first in which I have participated under your chairmanship. I thank the Minister for initiating the debate. The problem of legal highs activates communities, and that was certainly my experience when a shop in my constituency, suitably called Your High, opened round the corner from a primary school and down the road from a secondary school. I am pleased that it has since shut, but it generated a lot of concern in the community, so it is right that we are debating the matter here.
I was interested and pleased to hear the Minister refer to Ivory Wave, which is the current so-called legal high, and I agree with the hon. Member for Barrow and Furness (John Woodcock) that we should find another phrase. Perhaps "soon-to-be illegal highs" might be appropriate. I was interested to hear the Minister refer to mephedrone but not meow meow. I understand from my street adviser, Grant Sibley, that only politicians and journalists refer to meow meow, and that mephedrone is the appropriate word.
This debate is focused on legal highs, but hon. Members will be aware that a wider drugs consultation is under way that looks at that issue, for which the closing date is 30 September. I hope that it will be possible for us, not now, but over the coming months and years, to have a more open and frank discussion about tackling drugs. All hon. Members here today know that the subject is difficult for politicians to address, because sometimes the most effective solutions as suggested by the evidence may not be politically acceptable, but we must address the problem in an evidence-based way. When people such as the former president of the Royal College of Physicians says that a blanket ban is not necessarily the most effective way of tackling the drugs issue, we must consider that and assess the implications, if any, for Government policy. We must find a way of creating space in which it is safe for politicians to debate these matters and to rely on what evidence-based solutions might recommend.
I was intrigued, interested and pleased that the Government are considering the approach to drugs adopted by the Portuguese and Spanish Governments. I see the hon. Member for Tynemouth (Mr Campbell) smiling, and I am sure that he will refer to Liberal Democrats being soft on drugs-that is a standard Labour phrase-but the fact is that Spain and Portugal have adopted a different approach towards personal possession. It is interesting that the all-party consensus in those countries about what might have been expected to be the consequences of such an approach did not transpire when that policy was implemented. I am not advocating that policy, but I am advocating that we should be allowed to debate it, analyse it and come to our own conclusions without being buffeted around by some of the media.
I shall focus more narrowly on legal highs. I agree that we need a new name, and perhaps the Minister will provide us with a definition of a legal high, if we are to continue to use that phrase. He rightly identified the need to educate people on the dangers associated with so-called legal highs, and it is clear, regrettably, that whatever is being done at the moment is not sufficient. As and when a legal high is found to be a toxic substance and becomes illegal, the producers simply move on to another product, a hybrid product, or simply rename the product. Unfortunately, people then go out and buy it. It is strange, but I suspect that some of the people who buy such products examine the list of ingredients for E numbers in products bought from supermarkets. They may avoid such products, but be happy to buy something with zero knowledge of what may be in it. It may contain herbal or chemical ingredients that may be toxic and are probably illegal, yet they buy it. Whatever we are doing educationally, it is not having the impact that it should. I agree that parents have a role to play, but in some families the matter is not discussed, so there is also a role for schools, which should perhaps include other drugs such as alcohol and be more proactive in addressing that concern.
I shall focus specifically on legal highs. The briefing that was prepared for this debate refers to the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, but there is also the Medicines Act 1968. The Medicines Act can be used when something is said to have a physiological effect or a potentially harmful effect on the body, and we might be able to use it as well as, or instead of, the Misuse of Drugs Act to deal with some of these products. If so, will the Minister tell us whether there would be any advantages to doing that and what they might be?
I have some further specific questions. The Minister has responded on the issue of the temporary ban, and I understand his point. If we have a temporary ban-my colleagues and I support such a move-there is a very small possibility that a substance that is subject to such a ban will subsequently be found to be totally harmless. A person might be prosecuted and possibly found guilty and sent to prison, but we might subsequently find that the reason for doing that no longer exists. As the Minister said, it is essential that the ACMD's protocol is clear and sufficiently robust. None of us would want a temporary ban to be imposed, only for the substance subsequently to turn out to be a perfectly harmless herbal product. We need to be confident that the protocol stands up.
John Woodcock: These people know what the law is when it is put in place, but they choose to break it. By the hon. Gentleman's logic, if the advisory council came back at some point and said that cocaine was not actually that harmful after all, everyone who had been convicted of cocaine possession or distribution would be told, "It's okay. You can come out." Is that what he is suggesting?
Fortunately, I am 101% certain that no one will come back and say that cocaine is harmless-if anything is certain in a drugs debate, it is that. All that I ask the hon. Gentleman to accept is that someone might think, perhaps quite rightly, that there is evidence that a herbal product is harmful, with the result that a temporary ban is imposed, but the product might
subsequently prove not to be harmful. That is all that I am flagging up as an issue. All that I am saying is that we must make sure that the protocol is tough and ensures that such things do not happen.
Once the temporary ban has been imposed, what time scale would the Minister expect the advisory council to use in implementing the protocol? Would there be a maximum time frame in which a response would be required? Furthermore, will the advisory council have to take into account a balance-of-probabilities consideration at any point when determining whether something is harmful? Any clarity that the Minister could give us on that would be gratefully received.
The final issue that I want to mention is the impact of khat. The Home Office online report highlighted the concerns about khat. I do not know whether it referred to medical problems, but, interestingly, the most commonly cited social problems related more to
"tensions arising in response to a family member spending time and money"
on the product, than to any other consideration. Apparently, the link between the use of this particular herbal stimulant and offending was minimal. I would like to hear whether the Minister has more up-to-date information on the issue and whether the Department is considering it. I have certainly been lobbied by a local councillor who has concerns about the use of khat in their area. Will the Minister tell us, although perhaps not now, what progress is being made on the issue?
To conclude, we need to respond to legal, or soon-to-be illegal, highs, and I was happy to support the previous Government when they introduced the mephedrone ban. We need to be geared up to respond to these issues quickly, but I hope that we can also debate them more widely. In that way, we can make sure that whatever we do is the most effective way to tackle the crime and health consequences associated with drug use.
First, I want to acknowledge-this has probably been acknowledged before in one form or another-what a difference an election makes. In a short time, the Government have shown a firm lead on the issue of legal highs. Not so long ago-back in March-Professor Nutt, the former chairman of the ACMD, said of legal highs that
"it is virtually impossible to police the problem...the crime and justice side of things would get out of control. The police would spend their whole lives just arresting teenagers with mephedrone in their pockets".
John Woodcock: I am glad that the hon. Gentleman made some concession after I signalled that I wanted to intervene. If he wants to make partisan points, he needs to do slightly better. I hope that he agrees that this is a really difficult problem. We should welcome the fact that the previous Government acted very quickly in dealing with the difficult advice that it got from the advisory council, just as we welcome the fact that the new Government are taking further action.
Mr Burrowes: I thank the hon. Gentleman for that intervention. If he gives me the opportunity, I will reflect on the fact that it is not straightforward properly to legislate and carry out enforcement in this area. Nevertheless, we must recognise that by the time mephedrone was finally banned on 17 April, it was estimated to be the UK's fourth most popular club drug and was used quite broadly, rather than by just a stereotypical demographic. It was sold by a new type of dealer. London was the world's mephedrone capital and host to 53% of worldwide outlets. Mephedrone was implicated in 18 deaths in England and seven in Scotland. Given those figures, I repeat that the ban came too late.
None the less, I welcome the steps taken by the previous Government to ban mephedrone, and I welcome those taken by the coalition Government properly to put in place ways to help us to act quickly to tackle legal high drugs. The issue is that we should be able to move quickly to deal not just with mephedrone, but with the new drugs on the market. These drugs are readily accessible at the press of a mouse button, and they are coming on to the streets of the capital and the country. We need to look at how we can deal with the issue properly, and the Government have proposed ways to do that.
I want briefly to raise another issue. We must look overseas at the models that other countries are using to deal with the issue, which is obviously not just a domestic, but an international one. The context is the fact that when this country got to the point of banning mephedrone on 17 April, other countries, including European countries, did it more promptly. One need not go further than Ireland to see what is being done. I want to raise Ireland as an example, so that the Minister can take the opportunity to respond and consider whether its approach would be a way forward for this country.
On 11 May, Ireland's Minister for Health and Children announced an immediate criminal ban, publishing a full list of legal high substances that were subject to a Government order and that were to be banned, as well as a criminal ban on a list of head shop products, and the prosecution of head shops themselves. Is there an opportunity to consider that example or any other examples in this country? As well as trying to deal with the substances and the ready access to them, and being able to respond quickly, Ireland dealt with another source of concern-the head shops that were springing up as an industry. That was dealt with on 11 May by the measure I have referred to, which led to the Government approving a crackdown on the operation of head shops.
The Criminal Justice (Psychoactive Substances) Act 2010 will further curb the threats posed by head shops and psychoactive substances. Under the new provisions, the sale or supply of substances that may not be specifically proscribed under Ireland's Misuse of Drugs Act 1977, but which have psychoactive effects, would be a criminal
offence. That is a much wider use of legislation to deal with new psychoactive substances coming on to the market, and will make it possible in Ireland to avoid the prolonged processes that we may well still be subject to. It would allow flexibility of approach in dealing with, and the mounting of prosecutions in relation to, the new psychoactive substances that are coming on to the market and causing such damage, particularly to young people.
I do not suggest that the Minister will be able to give a full response to that example, but it is worthy of consideration, not least because it comes from near neighbours with issues similar to ours. We may be able to learn from their example.
Mr Alan Campbell (Tynemouth) (Lab): I welcome you to your role as Chairman, Mr Davies, particularly as this is your first debate in that role. I can imagine that the Minister's heart sank when he saw you coming into the Chamber, given your robust and independent manner. When you sat in the Chair he probably relaxed slightly.
I was not going to respond to the hon. Member for Enfield, Southgate (Mr Burrowes), but I shall briefly say that I hope he will reflect on the opening comments of his short speech, because he is usually a thoughtful contributor to debates. To start by saying what a difference an election makes and then completely to misunderstand the history of the issue did not do him any credit on this occasion, unusually. That is not least because Professor Nutt's disagreement was with the previous Government, not the current Government-I do not know his views on the current Government's drugs policy-but the Minister was gracious enough in his opening remarks at least to allude to the continuity that is important in these matters. I was grateful for the support that his party in opposition offered on the important matter of drugs and legal highs. We had our disagreements but I think there was much more support than difference. I hope that we shall be able to offer the Minister that degree of support. Perhaps if the hon. Member for Enfield, Southgate had been here for the opening remarks he would not have said what he said.
The debate is timely and has allowed the Minister to build on his announcement of last month about legal highs. He has set out the programme by which the Government want to tackle the issue, and, as I have said, we want to be as supportive as we can be. I share the nervousness of my hon. Friend the Member for Barrow and Furness (John Woodcock) about continually using the term "legal high", but I suppose they are legal until they are not legal. I hope that someone can come up with a new term, but that is not the real point, which is how to tackle the emerging problem quickly enough to avoid the harm that in some cases is already being done, particularly to young people. The Minister knows that we share the Government's concern about legal highs. We also share their broad approach, including in relation to consultation. If it is built on the pillars of preventing drug taking, disrupting supply, strengthening enforcement and promoting drug treatment there is a lot that we can agree with.
There is common cause in tackling legal highs not just because it is the right thing to do but because the previous Government began that journey, in relation
to spice, GBL and mephedrone. I am grateful for the update from the Minister on how he sees that ban working out. I was encouraged by his remarks and look forward to hearing more. He knows, although there was an election in between, that we supported the Government with respect to naphyrone when they brought forward a ban in July. I am pleased that the generic approach is continuing, because that is the right one. It prevents manufacturers from tweaking compounds to try to stay ahead of any ban, and, in the words of the chair of the ACMD, it permits a systematic approach. That is important and I am reassured by the Minister's assurance that it will continue.
I want to talk about the temporary ban, which has been the subject of comment in the debate. It is true that the introduction of a temporary ban would be a new development, but it is not an entirely new idea in discussions in this country, and it is part of the law in other countries. It may have the potential to make a real difference, not least in combating the frustration that is particularly acute among the families and friends of people who are victims of the relevant substances. I shall examine the temporary ban provisions, and we want to be as supportive as we can.
The Minister mentioned the importance of the press and other media, which is a double-edged sword, in my experience. The media can get involved when a substance such as Ivory Wave emerges, and give it publicity. They can campaign, as has happened in the past with some substances that we went on to ban, and can play an important part. The downside is that the media reaction is often to call for a very quick, if not instantaneous, response, without really understanding the need for evidence, and sometimes without even having the facts about what has happened to victims. If that provokes a knee-jerk reaction-that may be a danger with the temporary ban, if we are not careful-that will not be a good basis for drugs policy. We must be aware of that, but I know that the Minister does not operate in a media vacuum, and he will know from the trawl that his staff do through the newspapers and other media every day how those campaigns can take off.
As the Minister has said-I am grateful for the reassurance that there will be a degree of continuity in the way the issues are considered-it is important that the advisory council should be given time to examine the scientific and medical evidence for the harm that a drug might do, and then report to the Home Secretary, who would have time for due consideration. The problem with that approach, as we discovered, is that it takes too long and we get to the issues too late, as the hon. Member for Enfield, Southgate suggested, although not in a particularly helpful way. We knew about the need to act swiftly, and tried to do so. The new Government followed, in the case of naphyrone, and used a similar agreement to obtain the change in the law that we recognised was important. The matter will go further because, as I understand matters, the temporary ban will be a 12-month ban on imports, pending final advice from the advisory council. I want to ask in passing why the method that I think the Minister used, and which we certainly used for mephedrone, is not sufficient. That is, using the open general licensing system so that the existing legislation can be used. I think that I know the answer to that, but I should be grateful if the Minister could tell me.
The Government and various commentators have pointed to other countries that have temporary bans in place. Perhaps the Minister will help the debate by writing to hon. Members and listing those countries that have temporary bans and detailing the substances that are subject to those bans. New Zealand is the country most often mentioned but as far as I am concerned-this point was picked up by Professor Iversen in his comments to the Select Committee-New Zealand currently has no substances in the holding pen, or in class D or class X, or whatever one wants to call it. If his officials are looking again at practices in New Zealand, the Minister might also wish to look at the term "harm reduction," which occurs more in New Zealand's drug policy than in ours, particularly with reference to treatment. Perhaps it is possible to learn from that.
I would like to pick up on the point made by the hon. Member for Carshalton and Wallington (Tom Brake) and by my hon. Friend the Member for Barrow and Furness about what would happen if a substance were banned temporarily but then the ACMD-unusually, as this is unlikely-recommended that it did not need to be banned because it was not harmful. Would the Government be subject to a legal challenge from businesses that had not been able to import those substances? The issue might come back later. Those substances are not illegal-that is the whole point. Returning to the analogy with cocaine, we cannot say, "Well, those substances were illegal." As I understand it, those substances would not be illegal because the legislation would not have been passed.
As hon. Members know, GBL was extremely dangerous, which is why it was banned. However, it contains a chemical that is used in hundreds and thousands of household and industrial products. If a substance such as that was the subject of a temporary ban, but then found not to be harmful, I shiver at the thought of what businesses might do. The Government must be aware of that-I am sure that they are-and they must have a defence in place when they present the evidence. What if the ACMD came to a different conclusion and the Government were left with a bill?
As I understand it, a breach of a temporary ban could mean jail sentence of up to 14 years and/or an unlimited fine for suppliers and manufacturers of a substance. If I remember rightly, that equates to the sentence for the supply of a class B drug. A legal high could find itself in that category, but there is no offence of possession. If the same substance was a class B drug and it was found in someone's possession, there would be severe penalties. However, we are told that if someone possesses a substance that might end up as a class B drug, they would not be subject to those penalties even if there were a ban on possession. As I understand it, New Zealand has not gone down that route but there is an amnesty. After a six-month period, if someone is caught with a drug that has been temporarily banned, they are subject to the full force of the law under which possession is an offence. We must be careful with that issue.
To some extent, I agree with the Minister when he says that we do not want to criminalise young people. That was not our intention, and it is not the intention of the present Government. However, in going down that route, any Government will be in danger of sending out
a mixed message and in relying entirely on the health reasons for why certain substances should not be taken, rather than having the back-up of the law and the penalties that come with that. There is an element of that in the way that many drugs policies are enacted on our street; agencies do not automatically go out of their way to criminalise young people as there are warnings and other things that they can use.
The Minister's comments from 19 August have been seized on, even today, by some in the media and some bloggers-including some in the legal profession who should, quite frankly, know better-to say that that was the first step towards the legalisation of drugs for personal use. The Minister shakes his head, but I mention that so that in his concluding speech he can reassure me that that is not the case. The next step taken by the bloggers was to claim that they knew who was behind the policy, because the Prime Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister-and, we learn today, the hon. Member for Carshalton and Wallington-appear from their comments to have some sympathy with that view.
The hon. Gentleman accused me of wanting to say that the Liberal Democrats are soft on crime. I am not going to say that-this is probably the first occasion on which I will not say that. However, I would like a reassurance from the Minister that the coalition Government are not going soft on drugs. I do not think that they are, but I will give him the opportunity to reassure people. The subject is open to misinterpretation. When the Minister's officials are found to have taken a particular interest in Portugal, which the hon. Member for Carshalton and Wallington picked up on, that raises the question of whether we are heading along a route towards the legalisation of drugs.
Tom Brake: Let me inform the hon. Gentleman that members of the Home Affairs Committee went to Portugal and Spain and therefore have first-hand evidence of what has been done there. I seek reassurance that when sound, factual evidence is produced to show what is effective in tackling drug crime and addressing health issues, the hon. Gentleman will sign up to that.
Mr Campbell: I cannot give the hon. Gentleman the assurance he seeks because he is sending me along a route he knows I cannot go down. There is a great deal of evidence that if we both studied this issue, he would reach one conclusion and I would reach another. The Government are looking around for all sorts of ideas from elsewhere-they are not the first Government to do that; all Governments do it. We are getting our schools policy from Sweden, although I gather that we are not getting our drugs policy from Portugal. It is no bad thing to learn lessons from abroad, but we need a drugs policy for this country that reflects the evidence and takes into account the views of the public. The hon. Gentleman's view about public opinion on this matter is different from what I believe to be the case, yet we look at the same evidence. I cannot give him the commitment he asks for, but I support his call for a mature debate on drugs policy. That is what the consultation will do. However, if he thinks we have had an immature debate on drugs policy today, I disagree with him.
Will the hon. Gentleman go on the record and confirm that if a policy is backed by clear, evidence-based research that shows the most effective
way of tackling drugs to be something that the public do not support, he will back the public rather than scientific fact?
Mr Campbell: Politicians always think that they back the public because they hope the public will back them. The hon. Gentleman misses my point-perhaps I am not explaining it sufficiently to him. We can take the evidence, but we must also take into account what the public think about such matters. There is an argument to say that scientific evidence alone can be collected on the harm that a drug would do to someone's health, and that the judgment can be made entirely from that. However, that is not the basis on which the advisory council is set up. Other factors must be taken into account, not least the attitude of the public, which I hope is informed by the evidence, as the hon. Gentleman suggests it will be. I hope we will get to that position. He and I disagree on this matter, as he believes the public to be in one place and I think they are somewhere else. The Government must be absolutely clear-the Minister has the opportunity to do this in his winding-up speech-and ensure that what is being suggested about legal highs is not open to misinterpretation, and that we are still following a tough approach that the Labour party will be pleased to support.
In reality, anyone can make an economic case for the legalisation of drugs. That is dead easy. Look at how much it costs to enforce drug legislation. Anyone can make that case even if they are amateurs at economics. However, if anyone believes for one minute that freer access to drugs will not lead to more drug abuse, they are mistaken. If anyone thinks for one minute, looking at the crime implications, that if drugs were legalised, drug traffickers would give up crime, they are mistaken, because the people who traffic drugs are criminals and will traffic whatever they can to make some cash out of it, whether it is people, substances or anything else, so we need to be very careful before we go down that route.
I want to say something about the practical aspects of the policy. My hon. Friend the Member for Barrow and Furness picked up on some of those points. The Minister mentioned trading standards. I know that if he has a similar portfolio to the one I had, he could give a different priority to trading standards every day of the week. Monday it could be alcohol sales; Tuesday it could be knife sales; and Wednesday it could be legal highs. That is not to diminish the importance of legal highs, but it says something about trading standards, which too often are the Cinderella services in councils. They are not the ones that are financed enough to do all these things, and if councils are facing the sort of cuts in their budgets that we have heard about, the Government must be absolutely clear that they are not offering anything, in combating legal highs, that will be delivered on the ground, because the people are not there.
The Minister talked, at least in the press releases that went out on this issue, about the shipments and importation of drugs, including legal highs, and he mentioned the importance of officers who work abroad, SOCA and others. I have seen them in the field, doing the work that they do, and I pay tribute to their work, because they are among the bravest people I have ever met. They often operate in very difficult circumstances. The hon. Gentleman reaffirmed the importance of starting our
drugs policy not at our borders, but somewhere else in the world. That is very important, particularly at times when money is tight.
However, it is the internet that is very important when it comes to the buying and selling of legal highs. It is not a criticism of this Minister, because he knows more about tackling crime on the internet than most people, to say that Governments, by and large, are behind the curve on that. It is really difficult stuff. It is very difficult to work out how we tackle crime on the internet in the way that we can tackle crime in the real world, but it is very important that we do that.
Even if we can identify the suppliers, it is extremely difficult sometimes to find out what the substance is. The Minister talked about the problems with Ivory Wave. The situation was the same with mephedrone and other things. Forensic investigation is required; and more often than not, the cost of forensic investigation comes out of police budgets. Again, therefore, we must ensure that the Home Office is fighting its corner to make sure that the forensics budget is there for the police and, of course, that there are sufficient police officers to make it effective on the ground where it matters.
Communications is very important, but communications budgets in Departments are precisely the ones that the Government are examining to see what savings can be made. If that budget is under pressure in the Home Office, I say to the Minister-although he already knows-that FRANK is very good but it is not enough. There must be a communications budget that goes beyond the FRANK website. Again, this is about fighting the corner to ensure that when there is a campaign, for students or anyone else, it is financed and financeable; otherwise we offer something that we cannot deliver.
When the Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department, the hon. Member for Hornsey and Wood Green (Lynne Featherstone), introduced the ban on naphyrone, she was unable to say how much that ban would cost. To some extent, she got away with that at the time, because we were keen to ensure that the ban was in place, but it is a fair question: how much will the ban cost?
This Minister said-I support him in this-that the proceeds of crime, the assets of drug traffickers, should be targeted in tackling the problem. I agree, but we know how difficult it is to get at assets, particularly from drug traffickers, because they can hire the best lawyers as well as stashing those assets away in the names of friends and family. Targeting the proceeds of crime and seizing assets should be happening anyway. That is precisely what the assets legislation is in place for.
The Minister also knows-I imagine that he still has responsibility for proceeds of crime-that there is much debate about who gets the proceeds of crime. The Home Office used to get the first 50% and the rest was shared between the police and other agencies. If money is to be diverted into tackling drugs, which I think is a great reason for doing it, then unless more money is guaranteed, someone will get less. People have to be absolutely clear that they can deliver on that.
I have spoken for longer than I thought I would, but we have had a useful exchange of views-I hope so, anyway. My final point is this. I have had long discussions
with my hon. Friend the Member for Gedling (Vernon Coaker), who was not only a well-respected drugs Minister but a very distinguished teacher. We talked at length about drug education, and I agree with the Minister: I think that drug education is very important. Many schools do have drug education and much of it is very good, but the question that we need to ask is whether it is effective. Is it actually, given the money that goes in-I am not advocating cutting it-effective? Is the money that goes in effective? I ask that because of the very bright and intelligent young people who have their lives ahead of them, who have huge potential, who have had drug education at school, who have gone to music festivals and stood in nightclub queues and been given information and who have got the message about the risk to their health, but who still take these substances. They put their health at risk and, in some cases, there are tragic consequences. They use legal highs alone. They mix them with other legal highs and other drugs. Sometimes they mix them with alcohol. As a Member of Parliament and as a parent, I am concerned. Why, when young people know the risks, do they still do that? If we can find the answer to that question, we will not spend quite as much time in this place talking about bans and legislation.
James Brokenshire: We have had a good, wide-ranging debate about legal highs. Various hon. Members highlighted the fact that even using that terminology brings about a misconception. To take the last point from the shadow Minister, the hon. Member for Tynemouth (Mr Campbell), about why people take drugs, including legal highs, when they know the risks, I think that that is part of the problem-they do not know the risks. The fact that something is branded as a legal high implies that it is safe. Therein lies part of the challenge in relation to these newly emerging psychoactive substances-I agree that that does not trip off the tongue, either-that highlights the important need to ensure that the legislation is there as a mechanism for telegraphing clear messages about enforcement of the law and about safety.
I noted the hon. Gentleman's comments about mixed messages. I say to him very gently that his Government sent out very mixed messages about cannabis, so perhaps he is not in the strongest of positions from which to be pointing fingers about communicating messages.
Mr Alan Campbell: I just want to make a very personal point. The records show that in fact the very first time that the messages started getting mixed, it was not this Member of Parliament who supported that process.
James Brokenshire: I note the point that the hon. Gentleman has made, but clearly it was his Government who sent out some very mixed messages, even if he was not personally responsible for the decisions that underpinned them.
I want to cover as many as possible of the points raised during the debate, which has been helpful and constructive on the issues and challenges surrounding legal highs. It also touched on the drugs strategy from a broader perspective. I do not regard this as an opportunity for that broader debate, but it is important to recognise
that the coalition Government are consulting on their new drugs strategy. We intend to publish the new drug strategy by the end of this year. Our strategic vision is set around the framework for the future delivery of drugs policy with four key themes, to which the hon. Gentleman has already alluded: preventing drug use; strengthening enforcement, criminal justice and the legal framework; rebalancing treatment to support drug-free outcomes, which is an important point to emphasise; and supporting recovery to break the cycle of drug addiction.
The Government are opposed to the legalisation of drugs and to decriminalisation for personal use. It would run entirely counter to our health and education messages. In many respects, the equation of safety with legality, as we have been debating on the issue of legal highs, makes that a very direct construct. On the possession of legal highs, I say to the shadow Minister that the temporary ban is, as it suggests, intended to be only temporary-a maximum of 12 months. If advice supports the classification of a drug within that 12-month period, we would act within that period. It may therefore happen in less than 12 months, which would then create the possession offence. Our approach with the temporary ban is to act quickly to stop supply and prevent harm, which is why we have tailored it as we have. It does not send out mixed messages, due to legality-in its broadest sense-being equated with safety. We have seen that and seen how the classification of drugs can have an impact on whether someone perceives a drug to be safe. That goes back to my original point on the equation of safety and knowledge, which has been highlighted.
We do not support the legalisation of drugs. Many drugs such as heroin and crack cocaine are clearly addictive and harmful to health, and our educational message, to young people in particular, is that illegal drugs are harmful and no one should take them. To legalise their supply for personal consumption would send the wrong message to the majority of young people, who do not take drugs on a regular basis, if at all, and, alongside that, it would increase the risk of drug use and abuse.
On the specific point about the Portuguese model, we are against that proposal. The Government are determined to prevent drug use and strengthen enforcement against supply, which is why we are asking experts for their views on a range of issues, so that users are strongly encouraged to address their dependency. That wider debate and consultation is taking place, but we are not looking at the Portuguese model, and do not think that it is the right way forward.
Tom Brake: The Minister says that he is not looking at the Portuguese model, but there were references in the press last week to the Government looking at the Portuguese and Spanish models. Were those press reports wrong?
James Brokenshire: I cannot comment on the countenance of reporting in TheObserver, but I can send out a very clear message from this debate-the Government do not believe that decriminalisation is the right approach. Our priorities are clear. We want to reduce drug use, crack down on drug-related crime and disorder, and help addicts come off drugs for good. That is the emphasis of Government policy.
I would like to come on to the specific points that have been raised, and, in particular, the important point raised by the hon. Member for Barrow and Furness (John Woodcock) on the Medicines Act. The Act applies to medicinal products, so we need to establish certain key components-in other words, that a substance has psychoactive properties and is potentially meant for human consumption. That is where those who have sought to subvert the law through using certain phraseology in their advertisements have sought to obviate medicines control legislation.
I assure the hon. Gentleman that we remain in close contact with the Department of Health, as well as trading standards, to see how we can use the Medicines Act more effectively and to explore those options. I agree with him that it is absurd that products can be marketed as bath salts and other things, and are "not for human consumption", when implicitly they may be intended to be so used, or there is recklessness. We are carefully exploring this area to see what enforcement options exist.
The points about the protocol and triggers are important. The purpose of the working protocol is to set out our engagement with the ACMD, and, through it, any legal controls on dealing with legal highs would be enacted. I am in close consultation with the ACMD to develop that working protocol, because it is important to give reassurance that the temporary banning power is appropriate. As I said to the hon. Member for Carshalton and Wallington (Tom Brake), the Government remain committed to the general response to the drugs being based on the existing framework under the Misuse of Drugs Act and on how the ACMD normally operates. Clarity over the protocol and the triggers, and setting it out in the working protocol with the ACMD are important to give reassurance on how we would use the temporary banning power.
Tom Brake: The Minister may be about to come on to this, but when does he expect the temporary ban to kick in after a product such as Ivory Wave suddenly hits the market? Obviously he cannot give us an exact response. What time scale are we talking about?
James Brokenshire: It is difficult to second-guess the issue or look into a crystal ball. We are in close consultation with the ACMD on the development of the working protocol, which I would not wish to pre-empt. In all the discussions I have had with the ACMD, it is clear that if a newly emerging psychoactive substance is identified, the intention is that advice would be sought on the associated harms. We would seek its advice on whether a temporary ban would be appropriate, so it is about working around that and the identification. Hon. Members also made points about the early warning system, and working with the ACMD on that and picking up things early enough to deal with appropriately.
Mr Alan Campbell: I am genuinely confused, but I am sure that the Minister can put my mind at rest. If a substance is subject to a temporary ban, why is it illegal to import or supply it, with fairly draconian penalties, but not illegal to possess it?
I thought I had already explained the position. I am sorry if I have not made it clear. The emphasis behind the policy is about ensuring that we
stop the supply, importation and sale of the drugs and about ensuring that we can act quickly to deal with some of the challenges that I know the shadow Minister faced in Government over mephedrone. Perhaps I share his frustration at being told by the ACMD that there was a problematic psychoactive substance and feeling that one is unable to respond. There are certainly issues; he highlighted importation issues and the general licence that could be invoked, but that does not tackle domestic supply. To ensure that drugs do not get on to the streets and into the hands of young people, it is important to deal with the problem at the border and in this country. That is why we believe that the temporary ban approach is the right way forward when a newly emerging psychoactive substance that has been indentified as harmful comes through.
I would like to address the issue of whether a newly emerging substance has other uses. It is fair to make that point, and the Government will seek parallel advice from the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills on a drug's legitimate use and will develop any required impact assessment, which will inform the decision on whether to impose a temporary ban on that drug. In the event that a legitimate commercial use is identified in discussions with the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, the Home Office will take reasonable steps in the light of the ACMD's advice on the risk to public health when a substance is misused, to ensure its continued availability for legitimate use under the temporary ban and, subject to further consideration, under circumstances in which that ban is made permanent. There are examples showing how that approach could be taken. It is important to recognise that point, and advice will be sought from the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills and the ACMD in relation to the application of those powers.
My hon. Friend the Member for Enfield, Southgate (Mr Burrowes) raised the issue of what other countries are doing, and gave the specific example of Ireland. I am aware of the changes that are taking place there and of the fact that the Irish are considering a broader definition of drugs. We can look, too, at the example of the United States and the analogue legislation that is in operation there. The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs is considering the broad policy issues and the various different examples. Although I cannot comment on whether it is looking at the Irish situation, it is doing broader work on legal highs. We await its report on appropriate approaches, which may take into account factors such as a broader definition. I do not want to prejudge or pre-empt the work of the ACMD, but we appreciate the work that it is doing, and look forward to its response. Certainly, we are considering a proportionate response based on the tenets of harm before imposing criminal penalties.
The hon. Member for Tynemouth asked whether other EU countries had taken different approaches on temporary bans. The experience is that those countries have tended to take a very narrow perspective on the utilisation of temporary banning powers. Spice was one of the cases in point. In this country, we have sought to take a more generic approach to a class of drugs, so that we avoid the issue of tweaking and slight chemical manipulation. The temporary bans and the immediate action that were taken in some other EU countries were much more narrowly focused, so we are not comparing
like with like in that regard. The approach that we hope to take is very much looking at that broader categorisation rather that at one specific drug alone, without necessarily considering the anologies that may exist alongside all of that. That is very much part and parcel of the work that we would adopt.
I have a couple of things to mention in relation to the New Zealand case. I am advised that its class D is currently empty, but that could be a reflection of the fact that New Zealand has not had to respond to legal highs in the way in which the United Kingdom has. It is difficult to make cross-over judgments. Moreover, the class D model envisages a regulated supply as well, which is not the approach that the UK seeks to adopt.
The hon. Member for Carshalton and Wallington highlighted the issue of khat. The Government acknowledge the concern in communities affected by khat use, particularly in relation to the social problems, which include unemployment, family breakdown and financial hardship. We are committed to addressing any form of substance misuse and will keep the issue under close scrutiny. Home Office research into the social harms of khat use,
as well as the treatment needs of users, was commissioned last year by the previous Government, and it looked at a number of communities and areas in England and Wales. We are quality-assuring the work and will produce an independent review of the findings, as is standard practice with all Home Office research reports. We will publish those reports later this year and consider them carefully.
This has been a positive and productive discussion on a sensitive issue that has impacted on far too many communities. Reflecting on conversations with parents of children who have been adversely affected by drugs and with those who have lost very close loved ones, I can say that they underline the importance that we must place on addressing the harms linked to these so-called highs. It is incumbent on us to continue to send out the message that simply because something is marketed as legal does not necessarily mean that it is legal, and above all it certainly does not mean that it is safe.
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<urn:uuid:d0c2c71c-9fad-4caa-ad43-a24be8f4f1a8>
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https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmhansrd/cm100909/halltext/100909h0001.htm
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2023-10-02T08:01:22Z
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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| 0.975948
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in elderly subjects. Recent studies verified the effects of cognitive training combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS-COG) in AD patients. Here, we analyzed neuropsychological and neurophysiological data, derived from electroencephalography (EEG), to evaluate the effects of a 6-week protocol of rTMS-COG in 72 AD. We designed a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy of rTMS on 6 brain regions obtained by an individual MRI combined with COG related to brain areas to stimulate (i.e., syntax and grammar tasks, comprehension of lexical meaning and categorization tasks, action naming, object naming, spatial memory, spatial attention). Patients underwent neuropsychological and EEG examination before (T0), after treatment (T1), and after 40 weeks (T2), to evaluate the effects of rehabilitation therapy. "Small World" (SW) graph approach was introduced allowing us to model the architecture of brain connectivity in order to correlate it with cognitive improvements. We found that following 6 weeks of intensive daily treatment the immediate results showed an improvement in cognitive scales among AD patients. SW present no differences before and after the treatment, whereas a crucial SW modulation emerges at 40-week follow-up, emphasizing the importance of rTMS-COG rehabilitation treatment for AD. Additional results demonstrated that the delta and alpha1 SW seem to be diagnostic biomarkers of AD, whereas alpha2 SW might represent a prognostic biomarker of cognitive recovery. Derived EEG parameters can be awarded the role of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers of AD progression, and rTMS-COG can be regarded as a potentially useful treatment for AD.
Keywords: Alzheimer; Cognitive training; EEG; LORETA; Small World; rTMS.
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to American Aging Association.
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<urn:uuid:3467efcc-6e90-4a33-9062-40deb3bf6051>
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34970718/
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2023-10-02T07:24:33Z
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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In order to understand the mechanism of the ferromagnetism in the ferromagnetic semiconductor GaMnAs [(Ga,Mn)As], we have investigated the magnetic behavior on a microscopic level through systematic temperature ()- and magnetic field ()-dependent soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) experiments at the Mn absorption edges. The and dependences of XMCD intensities have been analyzed using a model consisting of the ferromagnetic (FM), paramagnetic, and superparamagnetic (SPM) components. Intriguingly, we have found a common behavior for the ferromagnetic ordering process in (Ga,Mn)As samples with different Mn concentrations (4% and 10.8%) and different Curie temperature () values (65, 120, and 164 K). In particular, the SPM component develops well above , indicating that local FM regions are formed well above . The present findings indicate that the onset of ferromagnetic ordering is triggered by local electronic states around the substitutional Mn ions rather than uniform electronic states considered by mean-field theories. Insight into the most representative ferromagnetic semiconductor, (Ga,Mn)As, provided by the present study will be an important step in understanding the mechanism of ferromagnetic ordering in various ferromagnetic semiconductor families.
Direct observation of the magnetic ordering process in the ferromagnetic semiconductor Ga1−xMnxAs via soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism
Yukiharu Takeda, Shinobu Ohya, Nam Hai Pham, Masaki Kobayashi, Yuji Saitoh, Hiroshi Yamagami, Masaaki Tanaka, Atsushi Fujimori; Direct observation of the magnetic ordering process in the ferromagnetic semiconductor Ga1−xMnxAs via soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. J. Appl. Phys. 7 December 2020; 128 (21): 213902. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0031605
Download citation file:
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<urn:uuid:8ea0757f-d049-4542-b3bd-e2dcd9273d65>
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https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article-abstract/128/21/213902/1078826/Direct-observation-of-the-magnetic-ordering?redirectedFrom=fulltext
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2023-10-02T07:56:23Z
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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| 0.827032
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A detail computer analysis model (DayDim) was developed to investigate the performance of daylight responsive dimming systems. This computer model analyzes performance and lighting energy saving potential of the systems by modeling photosensor response. System performance was quantified and analysed through computer simulation using CIE and Perez daylight models for daylighting analysis. In addition, a large office space employing an open-loop proportional control daylight responsive dimming system was monitored. The results from simulation and field measurements show generally good agreement and issues which would affect system performance are discussed.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Environmental Engineering
- Civil and Structural Engineering
- Geography, Planning and Development
- Building and Construction
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<urn:uuid:8f3d21ad-5d0f-45f9-9846-7b4454120162>
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https://pure.psu.edu/en/publications/analysis-of-daylight-responsive-dimming-system-performance
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2023-10-02T09:02:19Z
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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By 2030, the number of people globally aged over 60 years will surpass the number of children aged under ten (UN, 2017). Older adults are the least active section of the population and typically spend 60%-80% of their waking hours, sedentary (Harvey et al., 2015). They are also the section at most risk of mobility disability and functional impairment. The protective effect of physical activity on health may be reduced with prolonged bouts of sedentary behaviour, which is also an important determinant of physical function, frailty and falls in older adults (Landi et al., 2010; Peeters et al., 2010). The aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and physical impairment, and to develop a pilot intervention to reduce sedentary time in a group of community dwelling older adults.
A cross-sectional study examined whether sedentary behaviour or physical activity had the strongest association with physical impairment among community dwelling older adults. A systematic review of SB interventions was then done to determine which intervention mechanisms were likely to be successful with this cohort. The review informed the design and subsequent delivery of an education based, group supported sedentary behaviour
reduction intervention that was practical, easy to administer and tolerable to a broad range of participants.
Findings from the cross-sectional study suggested that the tests of physical function were more strongly associated with physical activity than with sedentary behaviour. However, when total sitting/ lying time was included in the analysis, there was little difference in the association. Participants were found to be sedentary approximately 60% of the waking day (9.5 hrs.day-1) and to sit/lie/sleep a total of 18.3 hrs.day-1. However total steps were recorded at 9745.day-1 and total MVPA at 168.7 min.week-1, indicating a highly active cohort of participants. The systematic review demonstrated that the methodological quality of sedentary behaviour interventions was generally low and heterogeneity in study design was high. Although successful interventions used a broad range of behaviour change techniques to modify behaviour, evidence suggested that contextualising sedentary behaviour and targeting specific behaviours were also key ingredients. Findings from the intervention
showed no statistical significance between groups over time for SB reduction. A small increase in total steps pre- to post-intervention of 3.5% was accompanied by a reduction in total objectively measured sedentary behaviour of 4.1%, suggesting that the behaviour may have been displaced by additional stepping activities. Total steps/day-1 among the intervention group were 8431, indicating a high functioning group and limited opportunity for increased activity as a result of the intervention. Future sedentary behaviour interventions should include behaviour change functions that seek to raise awareness, educate and provide social or peer support for older adults. They should also target time spent in non-purposeful sedentary behaviours that are often conducted at home and when alone.
Older adults, particularly those for whom increased physical activity is difficult, may benefit from education-based, behaviour change interventions that seek to reduce time spent in prolonged sitting or lying postures. The ideal, or optimum, dose of sedentary behaviour reduction needed for positive clinical outcomes is still unknown but the findings suggest that even 1 hr.day-1 of sedentary time substituted for LIPA is associated with better physical function among older adults. The findings also suggest that low burden interventions conducted where participants can avail of social support, may lead to higher levels of participant retention. SB research among older adults is still in its infancy and more research is needed to establish whether a dose-response relationship exists between SB and geriatric syndromes across the functional spectrum.
In summary the contributions of this thesis to the field of sedentary behaviour research are:
i. Total PA may be a more useful indicator of physical functional status for older adults than any subdivision of PA. Researchers should be careful to match the sensitivity and range of assessments undertaken to the expected physical functional ability of participants.
ii. Sitting/lying/sleeping may have a broader influence on physical functional status than SB alone. Due to the unique behavioural patterns demonstrated by older adults, research with this cohort should incorporate sit/lie/sleep measures in addition to SB measures where physical function is to be determined.
iii. Behaviour change strategies are an important ingredient in the development of SB reduction/ displacement interventions for older adults. Future investigations should use structured approaches (like the BCW) to design interventions that focus on displacing non-purposeful sedentary time. Ideally, intervention designs should incorporate low-burden BCTs that educate older adults and use the influence of peers and group support to encourage self-efficacy and retention among participants.
|Date of Award||Jun 2021|
|Supervisor||Chris Bleakley (Supervisor), Marie Murphy (Supervisor) & Jacqueline Mair (Supervisor)|
- Physical activity
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<urn:uuid:fb783960-18e6-4c62-bec6-88f0e9586645>
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https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/sedentary-behaviour-among-community-dwelling-older-adults
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2023-10-02T07:48:45Z
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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1. This section is for those who are interested not merely in pursuing a good life or seeking better lives in future births. Other religions can also provide guidance for those goals to a certain extent. The uniqueness in the Buddha’s message is that there is perpetual suffering in the unending cycle of rebirths in “this world”, the root causes for that suffering, that there is possible release from that suffering (Nibbāna), and there is a way to attain Nibbāna.
2. The first stage of attaining Nibbāna is the Sotāpanna (Stream Entry) stage. In order to reach this stage, one needs to have a complete understanding of Buddha Dhamma (or the laws of nature). Since only a Buddha can discover these laws, it is not possible for anyone (no matter how intelligent) to discover these laws by oneself.
3. Once the Sotāpanna stage is attained, one knows what to do next. Thus there is no need to get further information from anywhere else. My goal with this site is to provide necessary information to attain the Sotāpanna stage, even though further information is also available for completeness.
Sotāpanna Stage of Nibbāna subsection has a number of posts describing the Sotāpanna stage.
Posts in this section:
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<urn:uuid:355ce2a9-44aa-4553-8751-9bdc0e1707aa>
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https://puredhamma.net/three-levels-of-practice/seeking-nibbana/
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The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) capacity factors (k') of a diverse set of lipophilic compounds were measured using several stationary phases. Quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR's) relating these capacity factors and non-specific toxicity to a mixed marine bacterial culture were developed which indicated that C-18 followed by Silica stationary phases were generally the most effective at modelling toxicity. The use of a polar and non-polar stationary phase connected in series, improved the quality of the simple linear regression equations (SLR's) compared to the SLR's for either C-18 or Amino stationary phases. Second order polynomial regression equations further improved the modelling capability but were not as successful as multiple linear regression equations (MLR's). The form toxicity data was expressed in also influenced the modelling capacity of the QSAR's. Comparison of the QSAR's derived with QSAR's using other physicochemical parameters and molecular descriptors including the octanol-water partition coefficient revealed the log k' QSAR's to be highly suited to the modelling of non-specific toxicity.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Environmental Engineering
- Environmental Chemistry
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
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<urn:uuid:d40d8f6a-067c-4e2d-9b90-8e89b02a0910>
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https://pureportal.coventry.ac.uk/en/publications/development-of-qsars-based-on-high-performance-liquid-chromatogra
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2023-10-02T08:42:19Z
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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In assignment one the current position of Solihull MBC was presented and this report will discuss the position and the barriers found and also discuss the importance and consequences of not implementing changes.
The digital ambitions of Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council are set out in its Digital Strategy whereby a digital transformation programme has been started to transform services both internally and externally, the vision is to engage in a digital way for businesses, residents, visitors and staff. Appropriate processes will be designed so they can be delivered digitally. Customers will be encouraged to create online accounts with the Council. Critical systems will be identified and will integrate with the corporate customer relationship management system.
The findings from assignment one include
Lack of funding available to the Council, the UK economy and how this has an impact as being tax funded it depends on a well performing UK economy and funding from the Government.
Information governance and security worries
Collaboration of data across partners to support communities and individuals
Poor integrated legacy systems throughout the Council that mean more staff time is spent to access and deal with customers.
Staff training to implement and use systems.
The Council needs to consider these barriers when setting out its approach to delivering the digital strategy which will contribute to delivering value and managing demand. They need to utilise technology to enable customers to be more self reliant and redesign services to improve the customer experience and save money.
Discussion analysis of the situation and recommended improvements and impacts said improvements will have from the business and/or customer/employee perspective
The current situation at Solihull MBC like many other local authorities is the reduction in funding available and the economic downturn has a direct effect on Council services as more residents face redundancy or reduction in working hours which can lead to rent and council tax arrears as they would have less disposable income, this all adds pressure on the Council not only in collection of income but also on the demand for help and advice. The Council needs to invest in a digital transformation programme to utilise technology as this will improve the customer experience and save money as less staff will be required to deal with customer enquiries.
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As reported on the local government website Central Government funding has been cut by 40 per cent over the period of this parliament and according to the Institute of Fiscal studies this will continue until 2020. To overcome this challenge the Council must transform the way they deliver services by redesigning and reorganizing. An important part of this is using technological innovations to offer better management of demand, more reliable and efficient ways of delivering routine transactions and a greater use of shared data. The aim for the Council is to improve outcomes for customers and realise financial savings.
With the budget cuts Councils are looking for new innovative ways to deliver services to improve quality at reduce costs, Forest Hill District Council and St Edmundsbury Borough Council saved £300.000 annually through better use of geographical data for reporting streetcare issues more effectively and Surry Council Council piloted the early stages of technology to track potholes using motion sensors on mobile phones.
It was also identified that a barrier is that not one system has a single view of the customer and so customers may have to give their details several times or have several login’s to accommodate the different silo legacy systems that exist throughout the Council. By joining up systems in the different parts of the Council will enhance the customer experience, and free up staff to focus on helping customers with more complex needs. Knowing what customers are contacting the Council about will help towards reducing demand and these analytics will identify what services are creating the most contact and so can be analysed to find the root cause of reoccurring issues.
The Council must look at its staff as they need to transform by thinking and acting differently, digital is no longer an enhancement or something that supports a traditional method of doing things. It transforms, it innovates, it displaces and it transforms (Aronson, P).
The council must acknowledge that not all staff and customers will have the skills and confidence to use the new technology, digital skills will need to be identified and developed, as more straightforward customer enquiries are moved to the digital channel customer services need to be aware that there staff will only be dealing with the more complex difficult enquires and likely to be less staff and these will need to be multi skilled, problem solvers with excellent soft personable skills.
As digital technologies become and increasing part of everyones daily lives it is essential that the Council exploit the potential, but there must be an awareness of staff and customers who are unable or unwilling to use the technology.
The impact of demographic changes also has to be considered, Solihull has an aging population compared to other local authorities which will have a financial impact to offer the older adults help and support. There is a minority of people who cannot or do not wish to embrace technology and digital access to services. The Council cannot ignore or neglect these customers included in the vision is an assisted digital approach for those who self serve is not an option. An ONS survey published in February 2014, found that 6.7 million adults (13 per cent of the UK), over half were disabled, had never used the internet.
Conclusion Summary of how the business situation will change with the implementation of recommendations and what impacts this will have on the organisation
As reported in the (Council Plan) effective financial planning is a key strength in Solihull by rising to the challenges presented by steep reductions in government funding with sustained and growing demand for our services. This has been done by managing demand, reducing costs and harnessing the potential of technology to improve systems and processes to enable customers to be more self reliant and redesign services in ways that improve customer experience and save money.
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Due to the changes in customers needs and expectations this gives Solihull a significant demand pressure which is driven by changes to lifestyles, demographics and the growth of new technologies as well as the year on year reduction in funding, the Council needs to use cost benefit analysis to determine the most appropriate solutions this may be developing in house solutions or buy in solutions
To deliver a digital transformation programme funding needs to be allocated either from using capital funding or by bidding for government grants that are made available for digital innovation projects, this would require a business case being done. To identify the requirements of the suitable technology will require the Council investing in resources that includes funding not only for the right technology but also for the right people and the right training for staff.
(A singleton, civica) suggests that local authorities should start to look at IT suppliers as partners to work with in collaboration to deliver the vision and aims for the future, technology partners could support with strategies to generate income. They could work to devise innovative technology to increase the councils income without the need to reduce staff.
The digital transformation programme must include integrating key systems as this will improve performance and productivity by reducing the risk of errors and staff time spent logging into different systems and re-keying information. This would encourage customers to self-serve by logging their own requests but also it would keep them informed of its progress.
The integration of social media channels such as facebook, twitter and live chat should be considered as this is currently managed outside of the corporate customer relationship management system and so more resources needed to deal with these enquires.
When new back office systems are procured the digital capabilities should include the potential to integrate now or in the future with the corporate customer relationship management system to avoid outdated silo systems staying as a barrier.
Digital transformation must start with the Chief Executive as there needs to be a culture and appetite for the new ways of working and embed being a digital organization.
To keep momentum going as the council are very often bad at making digital things happen as they are very risk adverse, they should make a few small quick wins, rather than trying to do everything in one go
When developing a team to deliver integration it should include staff that have a clear understanding of existing systems and processes. Existing processes most likely will need to be redesigned in a digital way and the technology is developed to support the delivery of the process, processes should not change just to use new technology. This must include the customers experience and journey.
Any initiatives to transform the Council needs new thinking from the leadership, to apply new technologies and increase the use of digital tools a highly focused approach is required
The speed at which technology has and is changing, the access customers have to the internet on numerous devices creates pressures for the Council to meet the way customers want and expect to engage with the Council. The development of technology gives more opportunities for the council to communicate and engage with its customers and gather data which gives a better understanding of customer behavior to enable the Council to use this knowledge to make informed decisions to prioritise investment and improvements required. It also brings challenges as customers expect services to be available 24 hours a day and 365 days a year, this can be difficult to manage and maintain along with providing an excellent customer experience. Expand on staff to develop skills
Providing an excellent customer experience is a challenge especially when there is no personal interaction, companies like Amazon have completely changed the customer experience and expectations, customers expect convenient, simple and immediate responses to requests and questions.
As part of the Councils Digital Strategy is to support the rollout of superfast broadband across the Borough as this is shown to have a positive impact on social and economic factors such as social inclusion and employment. (Evangelista) argues that the mere accessibility to ICT facilities is only a pre-condiition for moving towards a digitalised society, while the level and the quality in the use of these technologies, play a much more important role. They conclude that digitalisation may drive productivity and employment growth and may effectively contribute to bridge the gap between the most favoured and the disadvantaged parts of the population
- Aronson, P. (2018) ‘Will We Survive?’, Security: Solutions for Enterprise Security Leaders, 55(1), p. 28. Available at: http://oxfordbrookes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=127104255&site=ehost-live (Accessed: 11 December 2018).
- Evangelista, R., Guerrieri, P. and Meliciani, V. (2014) ‘The economic impact of digital technologies in Europe’, Economics of Innovation & New Technology, 23(8), pp. 802–824. doi: 10.1080/10438599.2014.918438.
- Anthony singleton – Why technology innovation in local government is about people, not IT
- Read journal on legacy integration page 319
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The ministry of international affairs ordered to make amendments to the rules for issuing individual identification numbers (IIN) to foreign nationals and stateless persons temporarily staying in Kazakhstan, QazMonitor reports.
According to the changes, foreign nationals may apply for a correction of their IIN in case of technical issues. The service should be provided by territorial police bodies at "Government for Citizens" public service centers or via the e-government website.
In order to correct an IIN, the person (or their legal representative) must apply to the service provider through the state corporation at the place of residence by submitting an application with documents attached.
An operator of the Ministry of Internal Affairs checks incoming applications. If the application is accepted, it carries out the procedure of formation or correction of IIN.
The grounds for refusal of the state service are as follows:
– the unreliability of documents or their contents submitted by the applicant
– the applicant's data and information, necessary for receiving public service, do not meet the requirements of the rules
– when the applicant's previously registered IIN has been found (exceptions include cases when the IIN has been adjusted).
The rules comes into force on February 25, 2023.
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Subtleties of Calmness: The Unseen Power
For starters, let me take a leap into the unseen, that second nature we seldom pay enough heed to: Calmness. The underrated Superman of the emotional universe. It's not donned in an extravagant cape or showcased under glaring spotlights, but it certainly has the potential of lifting us from the quicksand of life's complexities. Confronted with a blizzard, do we panic and lose composure, or do we gear up and face it with tranquillity? Remember folks, calmness isn’t merely an internal attribute, it's the rudder steering the ship both on personal and professional seas.
The Impact of Internal Tranquility on Personal Development
Saying that calmness is influential in personal development would be just like saying my cat, Whiskers, loves to play with balls of yarn - it’s obvious and can't be understated. The reason is straightforward. By being calm, we allow ourselves to declutter our minds, letting go of unnecessary anxieties. This frees up mental real estate for creativity, positivity, and above all, personal growth. It's like cleaning your room (have you seen the look on Whiskers' face when he does his mock inspection? ), a neat and tidy environment promotes productivity.
Navigation Technique: Keep Calm and Carry On
Remember, just like we can't expect to instantly shed calories by drinking a 'weight loss' smoothie, developing calmness also takes time and effort. I often use a navigation technique: when I get too worked up, I imagine myself as a captain helming a ship in the calmest ocean. It somehow really helps to visualize calmness to achieve it. As funny as it might sound, it's effective! I'd recommend it to you all.
The Transitive Link: Calmness and Professional Success
Forwarding from the personal, let's enter the professional realm. Practicing calmness can enormously amplify our work performance, just like how my dog Max loves to show off his tricks at the park for treats (but I'm sure your boss won't give you treats, sorry). Remember, calmness and poise have always been secret ingredients to success. They not only help you make logical decisions but also enhance your leadership skills, making you a beacon in turbulent waters.
Storm in a Teacup: Dealing with Workplace Stress
Workplace stress and tight deadlines can often seem like a storm in a teacup. But don't let it sabotage the ship of calmness you're captaining. Whenever you're swamped with workloads, take a minute, retrospect, introspect, and prioritize. Under such circumstances, rational and calm decision–making can be your saviour!
Implementing Calmness: Roadmap and Hidden Speed Breakers
Now, having spoken eloquently about what wonders calmness could do, I would be remiss to not share how this could be cultivated. It all begins with mindfully regulating one’s feelings and emotions. Being self-aware certainly is the key. One might need to scrutinize the triggers that derail calmness and work towards managing or eliminating them.
Dive Deep: Watching Out for Emotional Crevices
As we explore our calmness terrain, we would invariably stumble upon streaks of hidden, profound emotions. The trick here is, not to suppress these emotions, but rather, deal with them positively and assertively. Trust me, my little Whiskers gets all fluffed up when I vacuum, so I learned to keep him in another room. You see? Recognise the trigger, find a practical solution, and move on!
Final Thoughts: The Plethora of Possibilities
Summing it all up, mind you, learning the art of being calm is truly a game-changer. It’s akin to finding that rare, ancient treasure lying peacefully at the seabed of all our capabilities. Trust me, once found and imbibed in our lifestyle, this treasure of tranquility can illuminate all the dark alleys in our personal and professional worlds. And always remember, amidst the cacophony and humdrum of life, “Breathe, Lorenzo, breathe!”
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Our Grand Hotels
During the early part of the 20th century, Randolph became a vacation haven for people from urban areas, particularly New York City and Brooklyn.
The industry began in 1905 following the arrival of the Saltz, Levine and Elgarten families. They each bought farmland but found they could not make a living and soon opened the first summer boarding houses for Jewish visitors from New York, many of whom were sent to Randolph by their doctors for clean air and healthful water.
As vacationers came, hotels and bungalow colonies sprang up along Sussex, Brookside and Calais roads.
View the Postcard Archive Photo Gallery. The Library, which maintains a collection of photographs and postcards from this era, has generously made a selection of its postcards available for viewing on our website.
Bernard Hierschhorn, a wealthy New York garmentmaker, visited in 1917 and two years later bought 100 acres of land and built the area's first bungalow colony.
Levine Boarding House (Sains' Hotel)
The Levine boarding house, located near Max and Yetta's Musiker Avenue dairy farm, later evolved into the Sains' Hotel in 1929.
The Borscht Belt
The Mount Freedom section of the township became known as the "Borscht Belt" and eventually was home to 11 hotels, 45 bungalow colonies, summer camps and swim clubs.
At its peak, the summer time brought upwards of 10,000 visitors to Mount Freedom. In the winters, the resorts opened their doors for meetings of various organizations, including the Teamsters and other unions.
The resorts were all built within walking distance of the synagogue, as orthodox Jewish law required Jews to walk to Saturday worship services. Vacationers, says one long-time resident, used to walk down Sussex Turnpike six abreast.
Whole middle-class families spent the summers at Mount Freedom where they ate kosher food and enjoyed swimming, tennis and nightly entertainment.
Performers like Phil Silvers, Frank Sinatra, Henny Youngman and January Pierce appeared at the hotels. Boxers Max Baer, Floyd Patterson, Jim Braddock and Rocky Marciano trained or fought at Sains' Hotel on Brookside Road.
Post-World War II
The resort community prospered during World War II. The country was booming and people were willing to spend in places like Mount Freedom. Alas, the post-war affluence of the 1950s and the opening of the New York Thruway and Garden State Parkway in the latter part of that decade marked the beginning of the end. Vacationers were now able to travel the superhighways to the New Jersey shore, the Catskills and other resort areas that were previously too far away.
Meanwhile, zoning and building regulations changed, making it more difficult to build and maintain the hotels. These once flourishing resorts began to close and many eventually either fell into disrepair or burned down. Land also became more valuable to sell to developers.
Ackerman's Hotel on Calais Road closed in 1974. Its restaurant is now the site of the township's library while the township's community center occupies what was previously known as the casino, which also housed a coffee shop, a cocktail lounge and a stage where plays were put on. The last of the great hotels to close, Saltz's Hotel, was sold in 1978.
By 1982, bungalows, which were zoned for occupancy only between May and September, were being demolished as sub-standard housing.
For more information, you can read and view the following items owned by the Randolph Township Free Public Library:
- "The Rise and Decline of Resorts in Mt. Freedom, NJ.," a research paper prepared by Karen Kominsky (1977)
- The chapter "Jewish Influence in Mount Freedom" in A History of Randolph Township: Morris County's First Bicentennial Community, edited by Richard T. Irwin (2nd edition 2002)
- The Jews of Morris and Sussex: A Brief History and Source Guide, by Linda B. Forgosh (2003)
- In Their Own Words: the Jews of Morris and Sussex Recall Their Remarkable History, a videotaped oral history program (2003)
- Jews of Morris County, a book of photographs gathered by Linda B. Forgosh (2006)
- "Randolph Bicentennial Minutes," a notebook of columns written for the weekly Randolph Reporter by Joan Brembs and Sheila Lacouture (2004 to 2006)
- A map showing the locations of the Mount Freedom hotels and bungalow colonies
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Teamwork is the way to drive profits and build better companies, and the high-pressure and complex setting of healthcare is no exception. Medicine was once a largely-solo act, but today, teams can deliver complex and high-stakes care with blazing efficiency, making patients healthier and staff happier.
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Groups are not teams. Still, any group can become a good, or even great, team. Drawing on groundbreaking research that leverage the science of team building, The Power of Teamwork is filled with teachable techniques and examples from around the world that show how we can make almost anything better by working together.
National Bestseller – The Globe and Mail
Dr. Brian Goldman is a highly regarded emergency physician and an award-winning medical journalist. He is the host of the CBC radio program White Coat, Black Art.
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Molecular patterns of sex determination in the animal kingdom: a comparative study of the biology of reproduction
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology volume 4, Article number: 59 (2006)
Determining sexual fate is an integral part of reproduction, used as a means to enrich the genome. A variety of such regulatory mechanisms have been described so far and some of the more extensively studied ones are being discussed.
For the insect order of Hymenoptera, the choice lies between uniparental haploid males and biparental diploid females, originating from unfertilized and fertilized eggs accordingly. This mechanism is also known as single-locus complementary sex determination (slCSD). On the other hand, for Dipterans and Drosophila melanogaster, sex is determined by the ratio of X chromosomes to autosomes and the sex switching gene, sxl. Another model organism whose sex depends on the X:A ratio, Caenorhabditis elegans, has furthermore to provide for the brief period of spermatogenesis in hermaphrodites (XX) without the benefit of the "male" genes of the sex determination pathway.
Many reptiles have no discernible sex determining genes. Their sexual fate is determined by the temperature of the environment during the thermosensitive period (TSP) of incubation, which regulates aromatase activity. Variable patterns of sex determination apply in fish and amphibians. In birds, while sex chromosomes do exist, females are the heterogametic (ZW) and males the homogametic sex (ZZ). However, we have yet to decipher which of the two (Z or W) is responsible for the choice between males and females.
In mammals, sex determination is based on the presence of two identical (XX) or distinct (XY) gonosomes. This is believed to be the result of a lengthy evolutionary process, emerging from a common ancestral autosomal pair. Indeed, X and Y present different levels of homology in various mammals, supporting the argument of a gradual structural differentiation starting around the SRY region. The latter initiates a gene cascade that results in the formation of a male. Regulation of sex steroid production is also a major result of these genetic interactions. Similar observations have been described not only in mammals, but also in other vertebrates, emphasizing the need for further study of both normal hormonal regulators of sexual phenotype and patterns of epigenetic/environmental disruption.
Sex determination is an integral part of reproduction and an essential process for the evolvement and enrichment of the genome. It has thus been the subject of many studies in reference to species across the entire animal kingdom. From insects to mammals, there is much to learn from the many mechanisms employed to determine sexual fate. This is no lost cause, since the study of sex determination and differentiation is only the natural expansion of comparative biology and reproductive physiology in the modern, molecular Era. Interestingly, data so far accumulated by a variety of model organisms has shown a relative economy in the molecular regulation of sex determination. More specifically, sex determination has so far proven to be a result of one of the following three mechanisms:
a) Environmental action on the embryo at a crucial stage of development. To the extent that this interaction is associated with temperature alterations, the process is also described as temperature-dependent sex determination and the developmental stage of sex determination is referred to as the thermosensitive period (TSP). This mechanism is mainly observed in reptiles and fish.
b) Genetic action, when at least one specific gene is considered to be the central regulator in a cascade of events leading to the determination of sexual phenotype. This mechanism is already known to apply in the case of several animals, including invertebrates (insects, worms) and amphibians. Moreover, it is a proposed regulatory mechanism for several species, whose study has so far been limited or led to inconclusive data as to the attempt to detect a single, specific, sex-determining gene.
c) The presence of distinct sex chromosomes or gonosomes. The identical pair may be present in both males (birds) and females (mammals) and their major sex-determining gene may be either known (e.g. mammalian SRY) or still suspected [1–3].
Although sex determination has been suggested to promote specific functions at a universal level, such as selective cell proliferation (Mittwoch) or steroid hormone accumulation (Howard), this issue remains debatable [1, 4]. What is even more intriguing is the fact that the conservation of relatively limited regulatory patterns in sex determination may suggest the presence of a single general regulatory scheme, at least in vertebrates, potentially involving or incorporating both hormonal elements and dosage compensation epigenetic regulatory phenomena, whenever necessary . Such a discovery would bear great implications for comparative biology studies and might also allow important applications in the field of reproductive endocrinology. The study of more model organisms is a necessity to investigate this hypothesis and the consolidation of both recent and classic data from the relevant research work may significantly facilitate this discussion. This essay is dedicated to the brief and yet compact presentation of some of the better studied animal models of sex determination, in an attempt to approach that knowledge.
One such interesting mechanism is the haplodiploid genetic system we encounter in the insect order of Hymenoptera. More than 200,000 species of ants, bees and wasps are capable of laying both unfertilized eggs, that typically develop into uniparental (originating from one single female parent) haploid males, and fertilized eggs that can give us biparental (originating from two parents, male and female) diploid females (see Figure 1).
That can be accomplished with several strategies. One of the best understood seems to be single-locus complementary sex determination (sl-CSD), in which sex is determined by multiple alleles at a single locus. Heterozygotes at that sex locus develop as females whereas hemizygotes, and the odd case of homozygous diploids (i.e. through matched matings or faulty meiosis), develop as males (see Figure 2) thus providing us with the pattern presented above (see Figure 1).
In honeybees, for example, the sex locus has recently been identified as the csd (complementary sex determiner) gene that encodes an SR protein (Arginine-Serine rich protein) . The initial observation that csd function was required only in females and that its product is nonfunctional when derived from only one allele was followed by the suggestion of three possible models. First, that different allelic CSD proteins form active heterodimers. Second, that CSD proteins derived from the same allele form homomers, with two homomer species in females and one in males. And third, that merely the existence of different alleles is required in females for csd to complete its function .
However, it should be noted that sl-CSD has been known to exhibit an evolutionary pressure against species with higher rates of inbreeding, due to one of its major faults. In most cases, mating leads to the creation of offspring with two different alleles at the sex locus (diploid females). However, a mating in such populations has higher probability of a union between a male and a female that share the same allele, a condition also known as a matched mating. In matched matings half the diploid offspring are predicted to turn out homozygous at the sex locus and develop as males rather than females, whereas diploid males in species with sl-CSD are generally sterile, unable to mate or not viable (see Figure 3) . Such is the example of the honeybee, where homozygous diploid males created from inbreeding are eaten by the workers .
Dipterans (Drosophila melanogaster)
Taking things a step further, we enter the realm of Dipterans and Drosophila melanogaster, one of the model organisms in which the sex determination pathway has been elucidated in the greatest detail. Here the choice between male and female development is made by one single switch gene by the name of sex-lethal (sxl) in response to the ratio of X chromosomes to autosomes (X:A ratio) . The latter is communicated early in development through the delicate balance between the dose-sensitive X chromosome numerator elements (those include genes such as sis-a, sis-b, runt and less so sis-c) and the autosomal denominators (such as dpn) in conjunction with the maternally derived products of the da gene and the more recently studied emc, groucho, her and snf (see Figure 4) . We are not yet completely certain of the logistics of it, but it seems that the feminizing effect of the numerator elements is measured against the masculinising denominators, with the maternally derived products of the rest of the genes acting as point of reference.
All this takes place early in development, leading to the activation of the sxl gene through an "early" promoter in females. This early form of the SXL protein, absent in males, then orchestrates a specific splicing of the mRNA produced through the activation of the "mature" promoter in females. In males, standard splicing of the sxl mRNA leads to a non-functional protein. It is only in females, through an autoregulatory feedback loop, that sxl manages to keep itself in an active state through this sex-specific splicing [11, 13] (see Figure 5).
Once the SXL active state has been established, it then goes on to regulate a series of other proteins that control female development, once again through the process of alternative splicing, leading finally to the two alternative products of the doublesex gene (dsx), DSXF and DSXM [14, 15] (see Figure 6). The end-result? A series of intricate gene interactions that can take it from there and establish the development of the appropriate sex. Still, it is interesting to note, that the Y chromosome, present in males, takes no part in this entire process, and that its sole use is to help in the successful completion of the process of spermatogenesis later on in the differentiation of the male germline.
Nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Another model organism that uses a single gene switch and the subsequent hierarchy of gene pathways to determine sex is the nematode C.elegans. Here again the animal's sexual fate depends on the X:A ratio, and there isn't even a Y chromosome present in males to later on interfere with the germline. However, C.elegans worms are special in that the choice lies between males with one X chromosome and hermaphrodites with two.
As before, the X:A ratio is communicated with the help of several "X-signal elements", such as the SEX-1 (signal element on X) protein that acts on the level of transcription and the FOX-1 (feminizing locus on X) protein that acts post-transcriptionally . These two, among others that have yet to be deciphered, manage to suppress the levels of the XOL-1 (XO lethal) key protein, or what we could call the C.elegans sex switching gene (see Figure 7). From there on, it is a matter of tracking down a pathway of inhibitory genes, to result at the TRA-1 (transformer) protein, free to act in hermaphrodites and regulate several other genes [18, 19]. This pathway in fact involves several groups of gene products, some of which retain their active state in males and others in hermaphrodites (see Figure 8). One possible model incorporating these interactions is depicted in Figure 9, and includes the interaction between HER-1 and the TRA-2 receptor in males, which allows the FEM proteins to inhibit TRA-1 from acting as a transcription factor (see Figure 9).
However, the C.elegans hermaphrodites pose an interesting issue. These are specialized females which in the fourth and final larval stage (L4) produce around 300 sperm, to use for self-fertilization when there are no males available . This requires a careful regulation of the switching between the male and female differentiation of the same germ cells without the benefit of the usual sex determination pathway, since the "male" genes that normally regulate spermatogenesis are inactive anyway. Instead, a new series of genes take over in a specific stage of development and act in place of the HER-1 protein to inhibit tra-2 and allow spermatogenesis to take place till the end of the L4 stage (see Figure 10). Once this is over and at the onset of adult life, a new series of genes take their place, tra-2 is once again active, and the adult hermaphrodite is free to continue with oogenesis for the rest of its life [19, 21] (see Figure 10).
The different species of reptiles present a considerable variety of sex determination patterns. For instance, most snakes possess a ZZ/ZW pattern of sex chromosomes, similar to that discussed later as the model mechanism for sex determination in birds. The study of lizards has led to more complex findings, with different species having either a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome pair or a XX/XY system, similar to that observed in mammals [22, 23].
On the other hand, many species of reptiles, including most terrestrial turtles and all crocodilians and sea turtles examined to this date, have no discernible sex chromosomes, nor is their sex determined by the presence or absence of specific genes. In these organisms, it is the temperature of the environment in a specific period of incubation that can determine whether the animal in question will turn into a male or a female [24, 25].
Indeed, studies have shown that there seem to be no significant differences in the expression of sex-related genes. Instead, there is a specific period of incubation, which is generally considered to lie in the middle third of development, during which the temperature of the eggs controls quite accurately their sexual fate. This particular period is also known as the thermosensitive period (TSP).
It is during this period that a very specific enzyme enters into the equation. Aromatase, a cyt450 enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens into estrogens is common among many organisms (see Figure 11). In reptiles, while steroidogenesis begins very early, prior even to the thermosensitive period, aromatase activity remains universally low. With the onset of the thermosensitive period however, aromatase activity seems to increase in certain temperatures, which vary for each species. For example, in marine and freshwater turtles, higher temperatures cause an exponential increase of aromatase activity, whereas in lower temperatures aromatase activity remains low. The different levels of aromatase activity then guide the differentiation of the indifferent gonad into an ovary or testis. Once the thermosensitive period is over and the fate of the gonad has been established, further changes in temperature seem to have no effects (see Figure 12) [26, 27].
Interestingly, a number of genes originally described as part of the genetic regulation of sex development in men and other mammals have also been detected in reptiles. For instance, in the sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea, several genes so far related to mammalian sex determination are expressed, including DAX1 (dosage-sensitive sex reversal 1), DMRT1 (doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor 1) and SOX9 (SRY related HMG box 9). In particular, DAX1 is a known regulator of gonadal development in mice and other mammals, considered to be an "anti-testis" gene, although this may approach may prove to be too simplified. In reptiles, the gene is not differentially expressed in response to temperature variation during the TSP, therefore, its role in reptile sex determination is unclear. The gene is also expressed in crocodilians with temperature-dependent sex determination, such as Alligator mississippiensis. Whether this gene could indeed be a target for androgen or estrogen-related actions following the TSP remains unknown. As far as DMRT1 is concerned, the gene was initially related to sex determination in D. melanogaster, due to the presence of a domain compatible to the sex determinant gene DSX. Subsequent research, however, has proven the gene's expression in several other species as well, including birds, fish and reptiles. In alligators, such as A. mississippiensis, the gene is expressed exclusively in the gonads of males. Moreover, its expression appears to precede that of SOX9, another testis-specific gene conserved in a vast number of species, ranging from reptiles to mammals. The latter gene is originally expressed in the bipotential gonad of reptile embryos, but following the TSP, it remains active only in males, making it a candidate gene for sex steroid-induced regulation. In alligators, SOX9 is also related to increased AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone) levels, but, contrary to mammals, AMH induction chronologically precedes that of SOX9 [3, 23]. In the case of lizards, an attempt has also been made to examine sexual dimorphism in the brain. The first results from these experimental series show distinct differences in estrogen receptor expression and progesterone concentrations in specific areas of the central nervous system, a finding that may imply that aromatase regulation is only the first step in a sequence of several more complex sex-specific/dimorphic genetic phenomena that still remain to be examined .
Finally, it has recently been suggested that aromatase may also be regulated by secondary parameters, other than temperature. This has been described for instace, in the case of Prostaglandin E2, which appears to be associated with increased aromatase action . Immunological reactions and cytokine levels may also be important. The latter has led to clinical applications in humans, with the attempt to treat oncological patients with hormone-sensitive cancer, with selective Interleukin-6 pharmaceutical modulators, thus indirectily aiming at aromatase suppression .
The thermosensitivity of the gonads has been demonstrated not only in reptiles, but also in several fish and some amphibians. These tend to combine a genotypic sex determination mechanism -either male heterogamety, female heterogamety or polygenic- with the mechanism demonstrated above. The result is a phenomenon known as sex reversal, where the effects of temperature may go against the genotypic directions, allowing the existence of animals in genotypic and phenotypic sex discordance . (Table 1)
In particular, male or female heterogamety has been described in various species of anurans and urodeles. Sex chromosomes of various types may be present, following both the XY/XX and WZ/ZZ pattern that usually apply to mammals and birds, respectively. The exact mechanism by which temperature regulates sex determination in amphibians is not yet deciphered, but it doesn't seem to apply to the TSP-aromatase regulation model of reptiles. Hormonal action may also act in the process of acquisition of sexual phenotype, either independently or in conjunction with temperature variation .
Gene studies in amphibian sex determination are not as extensive as in other animal models. Of the various genes so far associated with sex determination in other species, amphibians appear to express DMRT1. However, it is not yet clear whether this is a downstream product in the sex differentiation cascade or a factor with a more central role in sex determination [3, 31, 32].
There are numerous species of fish in the animal kingdom, with estimations as to their current number reaching a mean price of 25.000. As one may easily perceive, among such a variety of living organisms, research has been focused on relatively few, specific model organisms, each of which has been considered representative of the reproductive physiology of several other closely related species. Among the mechanisms observed, one may refer to a) the presence of true hermaphrodites, a strategy usually associated with lower evolutionary levels (e.g. the previously described model of invertebrates-nematodes) b)temperature-dependent sex determination, with a process similar to the one known to be characteristic of most reptiles and c) sex chromosomes. The latter may follow either the XY/XX or the ZW/ZZ pattern [3, 33].
Contrary to mammals, the sex determining genes have not yet been described in fish, although some candidacies have been proposed. It might also be possible that, instead of a common, uniform gene pattern for all fish, different genes will be proven to be the major sex determinants in every species. According to some researchers, it might also be possible to assume a number of competing genes in every species, with environmental and/or hormonal parameters regulating their relative priority in sex determination in every birth . Of the various model organisms available for study, we will limit our reference to four characteristic examples, namely the atlantic salmon, the platyfish, the medaka and the zebra fish.
The atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was, until recently, an organism within unknown genetic sex determinants. However, recent data has detected the candidate sex-determining locus of this species as part of chromosome 2. For this reason, this large metacentric chromosome is now regarded as the sex chromosome of this species. Research has now turned to the detailed study of the region, in an attempt to identify the exact position and structure of the single sex-determining gene, which has been proposed to exist within the aforementioned locus .
The platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus)'s genome may contain any of three sex chromosomes, namely X, Y and W. This allows significantly more combinations in the population than those observed in other species, applying to the "traditional" principle of only two sex chromosome types available (ZW and XY pairs, respectively). Of all the combinations, WX, WY and XX develop as females, while XY and YY become males. No specific sex-determining gene has been described so far, although the W chromosome is considered a major candidate for its position, since its presence coincides with female phenotype regardless of the type of the second sex chromosome. However, some genes, previously described in other species and associated to reproductive physiology and development, are also found in this and other fish species. These include SOX family members, such as SOX9 and DMRT1. On the other hand, classical hormonal regulators of sex differentiation, such as AMH have not yet been identified in fish [3, 33].
DMRT1 has been been shown to be particularly important for sex determination in the teleost medaka, Oryzias latipes. The sex determining system of the medaka is male heterogametic, i.e. it follows the XX/XY principle known from mammalian reproduction. Although some similarities with genes of the mammalian sex chromosomes may exist, the major sex determinant of mammals, i.e. SRY (sex determining region of the Y chromosome) is missing. Consequently, another, previously unknown, sex-determining gene must be present in the medaka genome. Indeed, in the Y chromosome of the fish a new gene has been detected, bearing six exons and a DM domain. The latter is a major characteristic of genes involved in sex determination in invertebrates, such as doublesex and mab3 in D.melanogaster and C.elegans, respectively. This new gene was named DMY (DM domain of the Y chromosome) and it is homologous to DMRT1 gene, which is conserved in various species. Although a lot of information is still missing, it appears that in the male, DMY and DMRT1 operate in procession as strong determinants of gonadal development. In the female, the role of aromatase is once again central, although its induction, in this case, may be a genetic rather than temperature-related event. Other genes' expression has also been detected exclusively in females, such as FIGa (factor in the germ line a), but their correlation with aromatase induction remains to be proven (see Figure 13) .
Finally, sex determination in the zebra fish is considered to be a genetic phenomenon, but the details of the process are still under examination. Of particular interest are recent data, proving the expression of two sex-related genes in the zebra fish [33, 36, 37]. These are a) vasa, a gene family expressed exclusively in the gonads of several species, including D.melanogaster, mice and fish and b) FtzF1 (fushi tarazu factor 1), a gene originally described in Drosophila and nkown to encode the steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) in mammals, thus regulating sex steroid production [33, 36].
Next, approaching birds, we begin to tread on more familiar ground, as once again we return to sex chromosomes. In birds however, females are the heterogametic sex, carrying one copy of each of the so called Z and W sex chromosomes, whereas males are homogametic ZZ. The Z and W chromosomes have no relation to the mammalian X and Y, and in fact seem to have evolved from different pairs of autosomes. And this is part of the reason we are not yet certain which of the two carries the genetic trigger for sex determination [38, 39].
To this day, there are two major theories under investigation. Sex may depend on Z chromosome dosage, according to the example of Drosophila melanogaster and C.elegans. One candidate gene for this theory is the DMRT1, which is located on Z chromosomes, escapes dosage compensation and is expressed specifically in the gonads, and is thus capable of linking the number of Z chromosomes with gonadal differentiation [40, 41].
On the other hand, sex may be determined by the feminizing presence of the W chromosome, following the example of Y in eutherian mammals. There are two different mechanisms that are being studied and can support this theory. One includes the FET1 gene, which is located on W, does not have a Z homologue and is expressed almost exclusively in the female urogenital system . The other includes the ASW gene, also known as WPKCI, and its Z homologue ZPKCI, since it has been proposed that the products of those two genes are capable of dimerisation, with a ZPKCI homodimer acting as a testis factor and a WPKCI/ZPKCI heterodimer preventing this effect (see Figure 14) [39–41].
One way to discern between the two theories would be to look into different combinations of Z and W chromosomes. Indeed, scientists have studied ZW aneuploidy in an effort to better understand how things work. It turns out that ZZZ animals develop testes but are infertile, ZWW animals die early in embryonic development, but ZZW combinations manifest as intersexual: the animals appear female on hatching, but slowly turn into males at sexual maturity. It is still possible, thus, that a combination of the above is in fact applied [40, 42].
That final idea was borrowed by the mechanism applied in marsupials. Here we have a set of X and Y chromosomes related to those found in eutherian mammals. The basic marsupial Y chromosome is the smallest of any mammal but retains its ability to turn the undifferentiated gonads into testes . However, the differentiation of the embryonic testis does not also control all aspects of sex differentiation. The formation of the mammary glands and scrotum develops before gonadal differentiation takes place and is independent of gonadal hormones . In fact, it appears to be under the control of genes located on the X chromosome. So it happens that XXY animals have testes, but a pouch with mammary glands has replaced their scrotum, whereas XO animals have no testes, but an empty scrotum in place of a pouch (Table 2) [43, 44]. These X-linked genes have yet to be identified, but already the autosomal SOX9 has been reported of being expressed in the scrotum and mammary primordial before birth .
From monotremes to eutherian mammals
Intriguing as the marsupial X and Y chromosomes may be, it appears that they also exhibit close similarities to those encountered in man, as well as practically every other mammalian species. This observation has lead to the hypothesis of a common origin for the gonosomes of all current mammals. In an attempt to verify this theory, recent research related to sex determination in man has shifted its focus on the application of comparative genetics for different sex-specific sequences, both codal and non-codal, aiming to unravel the mystery of X and Y evolution [46, 47]. It is important to note that the concept of a common ancestry for sex chromosomes has been originally proposed by S.Ohno as early as the 1960s and it was based on comparative observations on mammalian reproductive biology and gonadal physiology . In fact, one of the authors (R.A.) has also had the fortune to contribute to the latter research as a member of the College de France research group, under the direct supervision of the late Professor Alfred Jost .
According to a number of recent publications made by the research team of Dr D. Page and his colleagues (Jegalian and Page 1998, Jegalian and Lahn 2001) the comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the X and Y chromosomes and their extend of homology in different mammals has lead to the conclusion that the development of discrete X and Y gonosomes is the result of, at least four, independent and recurrent, major stages of genomic evolution. In every stage, a failure in recombination between the homologous ancestors of the modern X and Y has been transferred to the next generations, leading to the continuous destabilization of their structure, permanent deletions in one of the chromosomes (the future Y) and a steady differentiation of their content, up to the current state, where homology remains only in the two remote pseudoautosomal areas in the telomeres of human gonosomes (see Figure 15).
The evolutionary model proposed by Page, Jegalian and Lahn in 1999 suggests that more than 400 million years ago (i.e. before the evolution of the mammalian common ancestral line, roughly 300 million years ago), the common ancestor of modern reptiles and mammals retained an intact pair of autosomal, homologous genes instead of the X and Y. At the time, the two chromosomes where identical, sharing the same content and participating in autosomal recombination during the first meiotic division.
In the following evolutionary stage, it seems that failure in recombination during meiosis resulted in the reversal of part of one of the chromosomes (the future Y). This process inhibited further recombination attempts in the inverted region, since the presence of homologous sequences in opposite positions of the two chromosomes is a prerequisite for recombination. In future generations, this mistake wasn't repaired, thus instituting a permanent non-recombining area in the genome. As further failures in recombination followed, with a constant nucleotide loss in the unstable chromosome (Y), homology between the two chromosomes gradually decreased, until finally it was limited in the distant tips of the X and Y .
The first region where recombination failure must have occurred was the region of the SRY gene, which has since initiated a new role for genes of the Y chromosome, i.e. sex determination and sexual trait differentiation. This shift in gene function was the result of a long process of sequence variation, both in the encoding area and its regulatory elements. This evolutionary stage is placed 240–320 million years ago, an era consistent with the appearance of the ancestor of monotreme mammals (300 million years ago), animals known indeed to carry the SRY gene and only a limited area around it, where recombination between X and Y is not possible, contrary to the rest of their sequences .
A second stage in the formation of the X and Y is also attributed to a recombination failure, about 130–170 million years ago. At this time, the united mammalian line was separated in two others, namely the marsupial and placental lines.
As a result of the first two waves of X and Y differentiation discussed so far, the ability to estimate and regulate the level of gene expression in mammals was significantly hindered, since the processes of failed recombination, genomic reversal and deletion had already resulted in a significant loss of the sequences of the initial Y chromosome, contrary to the relatively intact X. In an attempt for proper dosage compensation between the two sexes, mammals developed the process of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) . In effect, this process evolved in the course of time and in parallel with the continuous alteration in X and Y morphology and structure [55, 56]. It is also possible that, initially, simpler mechanisms of dosage compensation where applied, such as the hyper-expression of the genes in the single X chromosome of males, as is the case in the modern fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster.
A classic example of this gradual evolution of the dosage compensation strategies and, particularly, X inactivation, refers to the origin of LINE1 (long interspersed nuclear elements 1) sequences. These sequences interact with XIST (X inactivation specific transcript) RNA and, possibly other transitory proteins, forming a three-dimensional pattern that promotes gene silencing in the spreading stage of XCI. In placental mammals, LINE1 sequences have multiplied and spread throughout the Y chromosome, about 100-60 million years ago. This estimation suggests that the LINE1 sequences, an element necessary for stable XCI have evolved a long time after the separation of marsupials and placental mammals. Indeed, experimental data suggests that only the latter are capable of stable XCI, while the first possess an imprinted transient mechanism, lacking maintenance processes (e.g. methylation) .
Finally, a third stage in X-Y evolution is placed 80 to 130 million years ago and a final one 30 to 50 million years ago, coinciding with primate initial appearance. As in previous stages, failure in recombination is once again considered the promoter for these steps in the formation of the current X and Y.
A number of researchers focusing in comparative genomic studies and, especially, point mutations, attempt to clarify the exact evolutionary pattern for the gonosomes of every mammalian species. The addition of experimental data improves the estimation of the exact separation time for the ancestors of the major types of species on the earth, allowing the recognition of further sub-stages in the main pattern that has already been described. For instance, in the case of the X and Y, the initial recombination failure stage has been challenged, with some researchers proposing its substitution by two distinct phases, 350-290 and 290-230 million years ago . In this case, it would be possible to assume a common origin for the gonosomes of mammals, reptiles and birds, preceding all other steps in the X-Y genomic evolution. However, no such procedure has been proven to this day. On the other hand, the classic concept of a common history for all mammal gonosomes and a completely discrete pattern for Z/W evolution in birds remains the most widely accepted in current evolutionary genetics.
The analysis of chromosome Y nucleotide sequence was an especially difficult task for the research teams involved in the Human Genome Project. According to a recent report (Skaletsky et al 2003), about 95% of the Y chromosome is now defined as the male specific region of the Y chromosome or MSY, for short. This area coincides with the previously described as non-recombining region of the Y chromosome or NRY. This change in terminology is not only aiming to emphasize the importance of the region for male sex determination, as it includes the SRY gene and its regulatory and downstream acting agents, but also attempting to correct a chronic misunderstanding, since this area is in fact participating in recombination. Interestingly, the latter doesn't involve the X, since no homology is present, but different parts of the MSY, in the form of a unique Y-Y internal recombination . On the other hand, X-Y recombination is limited to the two pseudoautosomal regions, i.e. PAR1 and PAR2, thus leaving no part of the Y without the ability to participate in some form of recombination, as the term NRY would obviously suggest.
A further study of the sequences in the MSY allows a classification in three categories, each including areas of distinct structure, function and origin:
1. X-degenerate genes. This category includes genes deriving from the various stages of X-Y gradual differentiation proposed by Page and described so far. The term degenerate is used to emphasize their origin from the former ancestral autosome, which was equivalent in size to the X, before it gradually degenerated. One of the genes in this group is the SRY gene. In total, the category includes single copies of 14 pseudogenes and 13 genes, all having a homologue allele in the X. Most of these genes aren't expressed exclusively in a single, specific tissue. Their products are proteins produced in a variety of cells of the body, mediating non-sexual functions.
2. X-transposed genes . These loci include a minimal number of genes and a large proportion of LINE1 sequences and other examples of non-coding DNA. Their homology with regions of the X chromosome leads to the conclusion that they must be a result of a distinct evolutionary process, significantly more recent than the stages proposed by Page. It is possible that these regions were directly translocated from X to Y, a process involving the parallel transfer of several intact genes.
3. Ampliconic genes. These genes exist in multiple copies on the Y, resulting from the replication of an initial copy. Apart from multiple copies per gene, this category also includes eight large palindromes. These genomic areas are characterized by inverted repeat sequences in their edges, while their centre appears to protect "hidden" genes and repeat, non-coding sequences . In attempt to explain the creation of the palindromes the following pattern has been proposed:
1) An initial failure in recombination leads to the transfer of genes from autosomes to the ancestor of the modern Y
2) A series of amplification circles resulted in the presence of multiple copies for each one
3) The reversal of some of the copies has promoted the creation of the palindromes, trapping parts of the Y in between.
It is interesting to note that the formation of the palindromes increased the inherent stability of the Y, raising the question of its possible settlement in its current form, after thousands of years of degeneration and decay . If this is indeed so, the whole theory of continuous Y deterioration as a cause of an increase in male infertility, due to the constant removal of genes essential for effective spermatogenesis, is seriously challenged .
Sex determination in mammals has been more extensively studied than in any other species, most probably due to its direct relevance to human physiology and pathophysiology. A large number of genes have already been described and many more are expected to be added in the process, since the relevant research constantly reveals new players in the complex network of reactions related to sex determination (see Figure 16). Even in the common, bipotential gonad, the expression of several genes is considered crucial for subsequent development and normal sexual dimorphism. These include, among others, WT1 (Wilm's tumor 1), FtzF1/SF1 (Fushi tarazu factor 1/steroidogenic factor 1) and Lim1. Absence of any of these products at this stage, especially WT1, is inconsistent with further gonadal development and may also cause other malformations, e.g. affecting the adrenal gland and renal buds. Genes of the wnt family, such as wnt4, may also participate in the regulation of epithelial organization and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the area of the gonadal primordium .
SRY expression is the major sex-determining signal, since it is prerequisite for normal testis formation. Its role mimicks that of a molecular switch, since its peak expression is limited in a specific time period that is still considered sufficient to induce male-type differentiation of the reproductive system, via downstream gene action. The latter refers to several genes, including sox family members, SF1 (sex steroid regulation) and transcriptional factors, such as GATA4. Sox family genes share a common HMG box, similar to that observed in SRY, which is considered necessary for their action at a molecular level. The fact that members of the group have been detected in various species of vertebrates, such as fish (sox9) and all mammals (e.g. sox2 and sox 14 in monotremes) further emphasizes their importance for genetic sex determination . The observation of this gene family's evolutionary conservation adds further credit to the multistage model of sex chromosome evolution described above, since sox3 has been proposed as the autosomal ancestor of SRY, which places it among the chronologically first sex-related genes in the common evolutionary history of all vertebrates .
In the female embryo, the Y chromosome is not present and, therefore, SRY is not expressed. The genetic cascade regulating female reproductive system differentiation is not as extensively studied as in men, but DAX1 (and its regulatory system, including genes such as Wnt4 and SF1) is generally considered as a significant player in this process, which is how it came to acquire the rather simplistic description of the "antitestis gene". Sex steroid production regulation is also important for the establishment of a normal female phenotype and it is mediated via SF1 expression and aromatase enzyme complex induction .
Two relatively recently described genes with a potential role in sex determination and differentiation are DMRT1 and Stra8 (stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8). The first has been already discussed in previous units as a conserved sex-related gene, bearing a DM domain originally studied in nematodes . In humans, XY sex reversal in cases of 9p chromosome deletions have been attributed to impaired action of DMRT1 or its homologue, DMRT2. Still, their exact involvement in the sex determination circuit has not been clarified . Stra8, on the other hand, is exclusively expressed in female germ cells and its presence signals their sexual gradual differentiation, in an anterior to posterior direction. However, it has not yet been established whether the gene's product directly induces sex determination towards the female pathway, or rather acts a simple marker of this phenomenon, without active participation in the process per se [69, 70].
Hormonal and epigenetic regulation of sex determination
Hormonal regulation of sex determination is a vast research field in modern reproductive endocrinology. In fact, recent advances have resulted in a more generalized study of sexual dimorphism, with the discovery that differences expand to far more than the reproductive organs, including visceral tissues and the brain. The study of sex steroid concentrations and the presence of their receptors in various parts of the CNS has already been attempted in various species, including mammals and reptiles. After all, the role of androgens and estrogens in sexual differentiation in vertebrates is a classic concept that modern research data has only supported and expanded, rather than criticize [5, 28]. For instance, aromatase regulation appears to be the final target in the sex determination circuit of several turtles. This has been proven by the experimental work of C.Pieau and colleagues, using aromatase inhibitors to effectively block feminization of the embryos .
Other scientists have even attempted to suggest sex steroids as a driving force in X-Y evolution. According to JM Howard (2002), androgens may be a major regulator of X-Y differentiation . Although increased testosterone may be beneficial for fertility, constant exposure to high quantities may result in spermatogenic arrest. The DAZ gene of the Y is believed to have appeared 30–40 million years ago as a means to maintain spermatogenesis. In females, increased testosterone levels caused evolutionary pressure and limited the total population, as only few of them survived and transferred their DNA in next generations, a process detected by mitochondrial DNA comparative studies. This is an example of the bottleneck phenomenon, and due to its reference to females, it has been described as the mitochondrial Eve hypothesis [4, 71, 72]. A number of studies in comparative genomic support this theory, such as the results of the research team lead by Hammer (1995) . Increased testosterone levels acting in descendants of these women has resulted in a second wave of evolutionary pressure, surpassed by the maintenance of spermatogenesis by a duplication of the DAZ gene, about 50.000–200.000 years ago . These stages of evolutionary pressure and limitation of the total population may explain the large-scale homology of the regions of the Y chromosome among all modern males (Adam phenomenon) . Failure to provide sufficient evidence, such as the description of all androgen gene targets, their exact importance for male fertility and the degree of their conservation among modern men has not allowed to adequately verify the validity of this theory to this date.
Moreover, sex determination may be related to other, non-hormonal phenomena as well. For instance, immunological parameters and paracrine messages/cytokines may be involved in aromatase regulation, as some relevant initial data indicate [29, 30]. In addition, sex has been proposed to be associated with selective cell proliferation. This view is supported by U. Mittwoch and is largely based on the comparative observation of male and female gonadal development in different successive stages and for a number of different model organisms . If this is indeed so, it could be the result of sex steroid regulation, thus sharing some common ground with the abovementioned theories. Alternatively, there could be a completely independent pathway of mitotic induction, implicating a number of growth factors. The description of several sex-related genes conserved in various species may support this view, since sex steroids alone may not be sufficient to explain these genes' action, especially in the case of invertebrates. On the other hand, epigenetic regulation of the sexual phenotype has been proposed, which means that the products of these genes (or their downstream aftermath) could influence DNA replication and/or transcription by direct contact within the nucleus. This mechanism may be evaluated by the analytical description of all epigenetic changes occuring at a chromatin level during the various stages of normal sex differentiation and their comparison with observations made in individuals with sex distortions .
Sex determination is a crucial process in developmental biology. Its accurate regulation is a prerequisite for reproductive success and, therefore, the continued survival of a species. Since reproduction is also the function that determines the categorization of specific populations in the same or different species, the analysis of the specific molecular patterns that this process may follow is crucial for the comprehension of the detailed biochemical background mediating and maintaining the phenotypical variety observed at a macroscopical level. This is also useful for the explanation of the mechanism of infertility, since in many cases the disorder is caused by a genetic default.
Contemplating the above mechanisms as a whole, it is clear that they exhibit many differences (e.g. environmental contribution, number of genes involved, known primary sex-determinant or simultaneous action of different genes), but intriguing similarities as well. Among the latter one may briefly point at: a) the central role of aromatase regulation for female vertebrates. This similarity could also be generalized to include all sex steroids and their regulators, such as SF1. One should not fail to detect the homology of SF1 encoding gene, FtzF1 to Drosophila's fushi tarazu, which has not yet been adequately explained in terms of either evolutionary origin or gene function.
b) the action of sox family proteins in all mammals and some other vertebrates, such as fish. This category includes the primary sex determinant of all mammals, namely SRY, which might justify its proposed evolutionary history from an original autosome homologue, namely sox3.
c) the conservation of genes bearing a DM or LIM domain. This is a relatively new finding, but the fact that these products spread from dipterans and nematodes to humans must imply some degree of coherence in their regulatory mechanisms.
Whether to establish inter-relating patterns of evolution or simply for the sake of the knowledge that can be gleaned from understanding these vastly diffident mechanisms, these differences and similarities will definitely continue to hold the interest of the scientific community for years to come.
- sl-CSD :
single-locus complementary sex determination
- csd :
complementary sex determiner
- sxl :
- dpn :
- da :
- emc :
- her :
- snf :
- DSX :
- SEX-1 :
signal element on X 1
- FOX-1 :
feminizing on X 1
- XOL-1 :
XO lethal 1
- TRA-1 :
- HER-1 :
- TSP :
- Cyt P450 :
- DAX1 :
dosage-sensitive sex reversal 1
- DMRT1 :
doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor 1
- SOX9 :
SRY related HMG box 9
- AMH :
- SRY :
sex determining region of the Y chromosome
- DMY :
DM domain of the Y chromosome
- FIGa :
factor in the germ line a
- FTzF1 :
fushi tarazu factor 1
- SF1 :
steroidogenic factor 1
- FET1 :
female-expressed transcript 1
- ASW :
avian sex-specific on W chromosome
- WPKCI :
W chromosome protein kinase C inhibitor
- ZPKCI :
Z chromosome protein kinase C inhibitor
- XCI :
- LINE1 :
long interspersed nuclear elements
- XIST :
X inactivation specific transcript
- MSY :
male specific region of the Y chromosome
- NRY :
non- recombining region of the Y chromosome
- WT1 :
Wilm's tumor 1
- Stra8 :
stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8
- DAZ :
deleted in azoospermia
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The expenses for the publication of this paper have been covered by a research grant, obtained by co-author R.A., Experimental Embryology Unit of the Department of Histology and Embryology, Athens University, Greece, co-funded by the European Social Fund and National Resources – (EPEAEK II) PYTHAGORAS (grant "Pythagoras" 70/3/7361).
To the authors' best knowledge, no competing interests of any nature arise from the current publication
The three authors have participated equally in all the steps of the preparation of the submitted manuscript. In particular, the bibliographical research, the compilation of the first draft, the proofreading and editing processes were undertaken by the contributing authors in a series of relevant meetings in the Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Athens University. In addition, all the images of the manuscript were prepared using image analysis software by P. Manolakou and later edited by the other two authors.
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Cite this article
Manolakou, P., Lavranos, G. & Angelopoulou, R. Molecular patterns of sex determination in the animal kingdom: a comparative study of the biology of reproduction. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 4, 59 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-4-59
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Global Golf Post is the leading golf news brand in the world as it provides golf’s most important global audience informed golf journalism. Each issue delivers relevant news, engaging articles and unique insight into the dynamic world of golf. It is the go-to news source for the dedicated golfer.
Global Golf Post has been called the “gold standard in golf journalism” by the United States Golf Association.
from the Publisher
Global Golf Post is exactly like nothing else.
Now 13 years old, Global Golf Post is the leading golf news brand in the global game.
We publish a weekly digital-only golf news magazine each Monday, with editions serving North America and Europe. Global Golf Post is the only golf publication in the world that is written and edited for the Dedicated Golfer … the guy who plays a lot, plays well, who always seeks to improve, and who spends disproportionately on golf equipment and travel.
We also publish GGP+, a subscription service that offers original, premium-quality golf journalism that you cannot find anywhere else. GGP is the only golf news publisher with the confidence to ask for direct consumer payment.
Finally, we publish GGP/Biz, a subscription service that delivers original, premium-quality golf journalism on a weekly basis. GGP/Biz is a go-to source for golf news for the $84 billion American golf industry.
For these reasons, and so many others, Global Golf Post is exactly like nothing else.
Please join us in 2023 and let us show you how we can help build your business.
Jim Nugent, Founder and Publisher
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https://read.nxtbook.com/global_golf_post/media_kits/2023_media_kit/pulisher_letter.html
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Santa Cruz, CA newcomers SCOWL are one of the hottest up-and-coming bands around.
To say the last few years have been a whirlwind for California’s Scowl would be something of an understatement. From playing their first-ever show in May 2019 to standing on stage at Madison Square Garden in support of Limp Bizkit in May 2022, with two EPs and a debut album in between, the rise of the Santa Cruz hardcore band has been unstoppable.
At the centre of the storm is formidable frontwoman Kat Moss, delivering short, sharp bursts of rage with a fearsome growl in a flurry of neon hair and gogo boots; a feminine force of nature in what has traditionally been an environment associated with hyper-masculine conventions. It’s hard to believe that Kat had never even dabbled in music before forming Scowl.
“I know it sounds a little corny, but growing up, I always had an interest in being a little bit different,” explains Kat. “I felt really attracted to subcultures but also really intimidated. I remember being 11 and walking past Hot Topic at the mall and wanting so badly to have the guts to go in but being too scared,” she laughs.
“It took me a while to start to discover that there was a DIY scene and that it was even a reality for me to participate. I was attracted to the energy: I wanted to mosh, I wanted to grab the mic and sing. So, I started out going to shows alone, driving myself a couple of hours to San Francisco or the Bay Area to see a band, drive home the same night and open up at my grocery store job the next day, being exhausted but so pumped to start making these connections.”
After moving to Santa Cruz and meeting her fellow band members, guitarist Malachi Greene, bassist Bailey Lupo and drummer Cole Gilbert, Kat began to feel a sense of community she’d never felt before. “I’d talked briefly about starting a band with Malachi, and I brought it up a couple of times, but I was terrified and not sure I could actually do it – I wasn’t necessarily a super musical kid growing up, I was very shy. But Malachi is very driven, and he called me on my bluff!”
After releasing their second EP, ‘Reality After Reality’ at the end of 2019 and heading out on a bunch of tours, unfortunately, the pandemic hit. Rather than let it stop their momentum, Scowl wrote their ferocious debut album ‘How Flowers Grow’ and signed to rising hardcore label Flatspot Records.
“We submitted to a lot of hardcore labels but couldn’t seem to get many bites,” Kat recalls. “Flatspot took a chance on us, and that truly changed the trajectory of our band. Once ‘How Flowers Grow’ came out in November 2021, that was my first real experience of growing an audience as a band at that level. That record started to reach a lot of people I never expected and people I looked up to, and we got offered a lot more show opportunities. We even got offered Sound and Fury, which is my favourite hardcore festival ever – that was one of my goals for the band from the jump, so to check that off the list so quickly is surreal.”
With ten tracks clocking in at just over 15 minutes, ‘How Flowers Grow’ is a sucker punch of pissed-off, snotty hardcore punk, pioneered by the likes of Negative Approach and Circle Jerks in the 80s and followed by a resurgence of popularity in the noughties due to the impressive roster of hardcore labels such as Bridge 9 and Deathwish Records.
Scowl are now one of the bands leading the charge when it comes to the new wave of hardcore, alongside bands such as Zulu, Drain, Gel and Jesus Piece, to name a few, and to officially kick off what will be an insanely busy 2023, the band are about to release their third EP, ‘Psychic Dance Routine’.
“It was a deliberate decision to release another EP for now, rather than go straight into a second album. We wanted to allow ourselves to transition into a window of what will be next for Scowl creatively and artistically. We’re also so busy and on the road a lot – we only had one week to record with Will Yip [the production wizard behind some of the biggest alt-records in recent years], so we didn’t want to over-commit and burn ourselves out. I admit I was a bit headstrong about the decision at first and didn’t want to release just an EP, but in hindsight, I think taking on more would have been a huge challenge, and I’m proud of what we pulled off with this EP in very little time.”
The creative transition Kat is referring to was first hinted at on the track ‘Seeds to Sow’ from their debut album, a softer, more melodic sound that’s more garage-pop than hardcore. ‘Psychic Dance Routine’ continues to explore this direction, with Kat’s bloodthirsty roar sitting comfortably next to hooky, clean-sung vocals on opening track ‘Shot Down.’ Title-track ‘Psychic Dance Routine’ is straight-up grungy pop with zero growls, but it moves seamlessly into the mosh-pit-ready aggression of ‘Wired.’
“We’re committed to this band, but we’re not committed to any specific idea of what this band is yet: we want to experiment,” says Kat of the crossover sonics of ‘Psychic Dance Routine’. “The people who love Scowl will be there for it, and the right people are going to find it. It’s exciting to think that someone like my sister, who isn’t someone who would naturally listen to hardcore, can now blast Scowl songs in her car. I want to grow as an artist and push myself further to write music that’s different than what we did on our last record.”
Despite the softer sound, Scowl’s new EP is still very much a vehicle for Kat to thrash out a lot of anger lyrically. “This band opened me up to being a much more creative person than I thought I had the ability to be, and now I can’t stop writing,” laughs Kat. “It feels good to get it out: here’s something that’s really vulnerable and vital to who I am, and I get to cement it into this little timestamp.”
One of the main themes explored in ‘Psychic Dance Routine’, is the dichotomy of performance versus daily life and the pressure of trying to balance who you truly are with what people perceive you as. It’s something Kat is familiar with, being a woman in a very male-dominated scene. “You have no choice to be consumed and objectified at times, especially as a feminine person. It can feel awfully dehumanising.”
Though things have come a long way in recent years, it can still sometimes feel that the hardcore scene is somewhat behind other musical genres when it comes to acceptance and progression. “I’m grateful and thankful for the women who stuck around in such dark times in hardcore where even just being a woman at a show you would be prosecuted for being there and people would question what your intentions were. There’s so much more acceptance and more allowance for a platform for people who aren’t just white dudes on the scene now. I’m so grateful that I could find a platform and work hard for it and not put up with some of the shit that women or trans people in bands, or people of colour in bands had to put up with just five or ten years before me.”
There is absolutely still a lot of work to be done to make hardcore a more progressive scene, and Kat admits that there is still a presence of people who tend to be disrespectful and prejudiced, but she makes a conscious decision not to pay too much mind to it.
“There are still people who hate on Scowl because I’m super feminine on stage or whatever stupid reasons they hate on us, but I don’t let that hold power. If I quit because people are mean to me sometimes, I’d be letting the people who need to see Scowl down. I don’t mean to be a martyr about it at all, that’s not my goal by any means, but I try to keep a thick skin and continue doing what I love. This is my community, and I belong here.” ■
Taken from the May 2023 edition of Upset. Scowl’s EP ‘Psychic Dance Routine’ is out now.
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There are a number of motivations that can drive you toward commercial real estate investment. The best rationale is built on your own fundamental knowledge of the market. You can make a lot from commercial real estate by learning more about it. The tips in the article below will help you add to your real estate knowledge.
Examine socioeconomic conditions in the neighborhood you’re thinking of purchasing commercial real estate in. Pay special attention to the unemployment rate, and the average income level in your property’s neighborhood. Commercial property near hospitals or schools have higher property values; these properties are also easier to sell.
As you look for opportunities on the commercial real estate market, you should always be patient and rational. Don’t rush to make an investment. The property you buy in a hurry might not deliver what you need to reach your goals, leaving you to regret the purchase afterward. It could take as long as a year to find the right investment in your market.
Before you sign a lease, find out about pest control. Look over your rental or lease agreement, and know if you are covered, especially if you live in an area with known infestations.
One of the most critical considerations for valuing a commercial property is its physical location. For example, consider the surrounding area and local neighborhoods. Don’t forget to check out similar areas as well, in order to see how other neighborhoods are growing economically. You need to be sure that in five to ten years later, the area will still be growing.
Commercial real estate involves more complex and longer transactions than buying a home. Although commercial property purchases take longer you will normally receive a higher return on the investment.
In the beginning, a great deal of time might be required to spend on your investment. It will take time to find a lucrative opportunity, and after purchasing a property, it may need repairs or remodeling. Do not give up because this process takes too much of your time. Your efforts will be rewarded.
Make sure that any property you’re considering purchasing has access to all the utilities you’ll need. Every business has unique requirements, but for most, electric, water and sewer access will be required.
Be sure you position yourself well when it comes to negotiating any lease for commercial real estate, you want to do things like decrease what could be considered as a default event. This lowers the chance that the person renting will fail to uphold their end of the lease. You definitely don’t want this to occur.
Be sure to have your property inspected by a licensed inspector prior to placing it up for sale. If they find anything wrong with the property, you should have it fixed immediately.
Conduct tours of potential properties. Think about asking a contractor to assist you in evaluating each of the properties, since they will likely see things that you may miss. Once that is done, you can submit your proposal and begin negotiations. Before making any sort of decision after a counter offer, evaluate it once and then evaluate it again.
Know your needs before you even start looking for a commercial real estate. Write down what features are most important to you when you look a piece of property, like the square footage, the number of offices and conference rooms, and bathrooms.
You must know how to deal with an emergency, should it arise. Speak with your landlord, and ask who is in charge of emergency repair work at your home or office. Keep the contact numbers handy, and ask them in advance what their response time is. Your landlord should be able to provide you a list of emergency contacts so that you can map out a safe and well organized emergency plan, in case an emergency happens during normal business hours.
Commercial Real Estate
There isn’t just one type of broker for commercial real estate. A full service broker works with both the tenants and the landlord. Some agents represent only the tenants. Consider hiring a broker who only works with tenants. This type of broker may have more experience with helping tenants successfully enter the commercial real estate market.
Read the fine print about your real estate agent. Understand the meaning of dual agency. Your real estate agency will represent each side of the transaction. In other words, an agency simultaneously provides services to both the landlord and tenant. Dual agency must be disclosed by both parties and they need to agree to it.
As pointed out in this article’s beginning, there are many situations that make it advantageous for you to look into commercial real estate investments. Each will require that you delve further to learn as much as possible. Take the tips you learned here and apply them to your own commercial real estate endeavors. They will help you reach your goal of maximum profits.
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|
2023-10-02T07:06:24Z
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In Lebec there are 1 internet service providers, with AT&T being the most popular. AT&T offers DSL and fixed wireless internet service. In 324 recent tests, on average, we have been seeing 96 Mbps for download speeds and 58 Mbps for upload speeds for AT&T customers.
While these are the real speeds we have been seeing in our research, there are many factors that go into the actual download and upload speeds you will encounter.
|Provider||Download Speed||Upload Speed||Latency|
View Details →
|96 Mbps||58 Mbps||16 ms|
|* Data from speed tests taken in the last 3 months|
AT&T is the most popular provider in Lebec offering DSL and fixed wireless internet service. Users have been getting 96 Mbps for download speeds and 58 Mbps for upload speeds over 324 recent tests.
AT&T has the fastest average download speed, the fastest average upload speed, and the lowest latency out of all of the providers in Lebec. 50% of users saw download speeds between 100-250 Mbps, and 48% of users saw upload speeds between 100-250 Mbps.
|Date||Download Speed||Upload Speed||Latency|
|September 24, 2023||43 Mbps||36 Mbps||28 ms|
|September 23, 2023||39 Mbps||19 Mbps||22 ms|
|September 22, 2023||139 Mbps||126 Mbps||4 ms|
|September 21, 2023||139 Mbps||129 Mbps||5 ms|
|September 20, 2023||140 Mbps||128 Mbps||5 ms|
|September 20, 2023||53 Mbps||56 Mbps||16 ms|
|September 19, 2023||25 Mbps||30 Mbps||29 ms|
|September 19, 2023||118 Mbps||115 Mbps||4 ms|
|September 19, 2023||66 Mbps||6 Mbps||31 ms|
|September 18, 2023||137 Mbps||118 Mbps||6 ms|
We’ll run a download test and an upload test to give you the full picture of your internet connection.
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White Birch developer feels ‘betrayed’ by City of White Rock council
Application for new rental building at 1485 Fir St. turned down by council:
A developer who planned to build a six-storey rental building on Fir Street, only to have the project shot down in the final hour, says he feels betrayed by some members of White Rock council.
Mahdi Heidari said that for two years he was given the impression that council was supportive of the project because it’s not only 100 per cent rental, but also because of adjustments he’s made, at request of city staff, to appease council.
“I feel I have been betrayed by those councillors because they gave me so much encouragement and support for two years, but the very end, they pulled the carpet out from my feet,” Heidari told Peace Arch News Tuesday.
The application, which was defeated at Monday evening’s regular council meeting, involved a six-storey, 80-unit rental building proposed for 1485 Fir St. The redevelopment was to replace an aging three-storey rental, which was built in 1965.
Couns. Erika Johanson, Scott Kristjanson, Christopher Trevelyan, Anthony Manning, who are all members of the Democracy Direct party that campaigned on a promise to slow development, voted against the project.
Mayor Darryl Walker, who is part of the same slate, voted for the project, as did Couns. Helen Fathers and David Chesney.
During Monday’s meeting, Democracy Direct councillors shared similar reasons for why the project should be stopped, including that the city is undergoing an official community plan (OCP) review that would set a guideline for building heights in the area. The councillors agreed that a decision should wait the until the OCP review is complete.
During the meeting, Coun. Johanson read a message to council that is posted on the Democracy Direct party website. “We strongly believe that our city hall should listen to the needs, hopes and concerns of the residents of White Rock. We believe everyone should have a voice and be heard. We believe that the OCP needs to be reviewed with the public and then adhered to,” Johanson said, reading the party message.
However, a majority of people who provided feedback to the city were in support of the project, 33 to 20.
During discussion Monday, Fathers made note of the support at the public hearing, where eight people spoke in support and four people voiced opposition.
“The public hearing was scarcely attended,” Johanson said in response to Fathers, adding that 140 people attended an OCP review – “I think that’s significant.”
Johanson listed a number of concerns council has heard regarding the project, including compromised views, increased traffic, not enough green space, style of the building, challenges with finding new homes for existing residents, and increased rental rates for returning residents.
As part of his compensation and tenant relocation package, Heidari was offering existing tenants up to a 30 per cent discount on market rent if they decided to return to the building once construction was complete.
“This would be a social housing contribution of this project. I mean, there is only so much a developer can do on their own. I do not receive $1 from any level of government, municipality or any charities,” Heidari said.
“If this is not affordable, if this is not social housing, I just don’t know what else can please this council.”
Chesney, who threw his support behind the “tremendous project,” told council an increase in rent is to be expected. “I’d still like to be able to buy a ’66 Mustang for $2,000, but that’s just not the state of the land these days,” Chesney said. “I don’t know how we can possibly hold our rents down at the level that they were in the 1970s by any stretch of the imagination.” Heidari said council’s decision to vote down the project will send a message to the development community that might tarnish the city’s reputation. “This will send a very, very negative message,” Heidari said. “I believe the message that’s it’s going to send out is, ‘Don’t come to White Rock, even for rental.’”
During last week’s public hearing, Heidari mentioned to council the carrying costs of the building. Tuesday, he told PAN that he has sunk “hundreds of thousands” of dollars into the project and no longer has savings to pay for the carrying costs.
Heidari said the mortgage, property tax, insurance, and utilities alone costs twice as much as he collects in rent. Asked what’s next for the building, he replied that he wasn’t sure, but added that bankruptcy and foreclosure is on the table.
“They should have at least given me some idea of what to do, how to keep the building running until there is a better decision, but obviously they just rejected the idea. This will hurt everybody. It will hurt me, it will hurt the tenants, it will hurt the city,” Heidari said.
“I wish council will approve to pay me something from the (community amenity contribution) or from somewhere, so I can at least pay for the carrying costs, to look after the tenants until there is a solution.”
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|
2023-10-02T07:39:45Z
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I have sold a property at 104 20064 56TH AVE in Langley
I have sold a property at 104 20064 56TH AVE in Langley.
Centrally located Baldi Creek Cove, this 2 bedroom, 1 bathroom/cheater ensuite is a perfect starter or would make a great rental unit for the private investor. Maintenance fee includes the natural gas, hot water, management, and a secureparking stall. Similar units currently for $1050+per month. Don't miss out on this one.
The data relating to real estate on this website comes in part from the MLS® Reciprocity program of either the Real Estate Board of Greater Vancouver (REBGV), the Fraser Valley Real Estate Board (FVREB) or the Chilliwack and District Real Estate Board (CADREB). Real estate listings held by participating real estate firms are marked with the MLS® logo and detailed information about the listing includes the name of the listing agent. This representation is based in whole or part on data generated by either the REBGV, the FVREB or the CADREB which assumes no responsibility for its accuracy. The materials contained on this page may not be reproduced without the express written consent of either the REBGV, the FVREB or the CADREB.
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https://realtorrobblair.com/blog.html/i-have-sold-a-property-at-104-20064-56th-ave-in-langley-7616201
|
2023-10-02T08:45:41Z
|
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|
1 in stock
DOVE GENTLE EXFOLIATING BEAUTY BAR, 4 OZ
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Isiah – 9th March 2023
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Here is my blog: Wendell
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://realvaluepharmacynyc.com/product/dove-gentle-exfoliating-beauty-bar-4-oz/
|
2023-10-02T07:01:01Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.934415
| 164
|
Description: This recall involves certain models of Zinus SmartBase Euro Slats metal mattress platform bed frames. The recalled bedframes have a black metal frame and measure 14 inches high and were sold in twin, full, queen and king sizes. The model codes OLB-MESB-T, OLB-MESB-F, OLB-MESB-Q and OLB-MESB-K can be found on purchase invoice or box; the last letter in each model code indicates the size. [Learn More]
About 30,400 units were affected by this recall.
Zinus Recalls SmartBase Euro Slats Metal Platform Bed Frames Due to Injury Hazard
Recalled SmartBase Euro Slats Metal Platform Bedframe.
SmartBase® Euro Slats Metal Platform Bed Frames Recall Information
|Country of Origin||China|
|Hazard||The bedframe assembly kit did not include reinforcing brackets for installation on the corners of the frame, which could lead to the frame collapsing, posing an injury hazard.|
|Injuries||The firm has received 14 reports of the bed frame collapsing including one report of an unspecified injury.|
|Remedy||Consumers should immediately stop using the recalled metal bed frames and contact Zinus to obtain a free repair kit consisting of reinforcing brackets to be installed on the corners of the base, an appropriate tool and hardware, and both printed and video instructions (available at www.zinus.com/requestkit).|
|Contact||Zinus at 800-613-1225 from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. PT, Monday through Friday or email at [email protected], online at www.zinus.com/requestkit or www.zinus.com and click "SmartBase Euro Slats Bed Frame Recall" under the "Support" tab for more information.|
|
<urn:uuid:bdb54746-9058-451a-87ad-e8993197a3b9>
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://recall.report/recall/953923132/
|
2023-10-02T08:44:21Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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en
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| 442
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Everybody has a right to physical integrity. Everywhere in the world this right is infringed.
In my professional capacity, there is unfortunately little I can do about this, but as an individual I am supporting the work of Doctors Without Borders in 2017 as a partner company by making a donation. Beforehand my company was assessed in accordance with the aid organisation’s donation guidelines. My contribution enables Doctors Without Borders to rescue people in need throughout the world. Doctors Without Borders provides urgent medical assistance worldwide in conflict regions and war zones and in the aftermath of natural disasters. The international organisation helps quickly, efficiently and non-bureaucratically and without questioning the origin, faith or political beliefs of those concerned.
For more information visit: www.aerzte-ohne-grenzen.de
|
<urn:uuid:8992cfb6-5cd8-4a56-a706-a81b0be635f6>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://rechtsberatung-freiburg.de/en/my-passion
|
2023-10-02T07:38:56Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.920689
| 160
|
Event Banners, Window Graphics and Many More Trade Show Displays in Charlotte, NC
Are you finding a Trade Show Displays printing company to help you with your exhibition in Charlotte? You can trust us to be your solution. We have years of experience providing trade show printing services. We know precisely what is required to get the job done right.
No matter what your printing needs may be, we can assist you and ensure that your exhibition goes off without a hitch. So, look no further than us if you are searching for a reliable and professional printing company to help you with Trade Show Displays in Charlotte, NC.
We do not want you to show up to your event unprepared. So, check out how we can help with trade show display print services!
We provide cost-effective and innovative custom print solutions for trade shows and exhibitions. We are well-known for producing attractive marketing materials tailored to your requirements. Choose from a full spectrum of Trade Show Displays printing solutions –
Fabric Backdrops designed explicitly for advertising purposes at exhibitions, trade shows, and promotional events are made of fabric, one of the most common types of trade show display. They can also be made of canvas, muslin, polyester, stretch knit, or velour, among other things. Display stands made of fabric are convenient as they are lightweight and simple to set up.
Custom Tradeshow Displays
Your success at a trade show isn’t just based on how great your product is. The show floor is much more competitive than that. With hundreds of companies trying to get potential customers, media coverage, and the attention of influential people, displays with the unique concept may stand out. We offer custom tradeshow displays designed exclusively for your brand.
Event banners are one of the most versatile forms of marketing collateral. Banners can be displayed at tradeshows where you want to convey your company’s message to visitors. In addition, we can create custom event banners in a variety of sizes. So, whether you need a banner outside or in and around your booth, we can help.
Directional signs can help your customers self-navigate to reach your booth at the tradeshow. Help your customers find their way with our high-quality signage.
Meter Boards and Life Size Cutouts
Meter Boards are an inexpensive and effective way to advertise at your next event! Meter Boards are an excellent way to make essential messages visible to event attendees. Throughout your event, meter boards provide high visibility and numerous impressions.
Floor graphics are specialty decals designed for floor advertising with special adhesives and durable laminates that can be stepped on. They are placed in high-traffic areas of tradeshows and exhibitions. We can customize floor graphics based on design and application surface.
With window graphics, you can change the exterior of your space and can visually communicate with your audience outside. In addition, we can design graphics that promote your brand at an upcoming event.
We can also do large-format graphics for any space, from a tiny storefront to a sizable event arena. In addition, we are well-equipped to design and install full-coverage window graphics with precise measurements that span multiple floors.
Pop up Banners
Using the most impactful signage material at tradeshows is essential for any company. You can get a pop-up banner of any type, including portable, A-frame, tabletop, and backdrop. Pop-up banners, usually combined with customized images or text, allow you to target specific demographic groups at trade shows.
Retractable Banner Stands
Whether you need high-end custom advertisements or standalone economy signage, retractable pull-up banner stands will provide the best value for your money. Retractable banner stands are adaptable, freestanding displays that can be easily installed at the tradeshow.
LET’S BRING YOUR TRADE SHOW TO LIFE
Ready to get your marketing material for your next trade show? No matter how big or small the job is, you can be sure that we can handle it easily. We make sure all our work is done to the highest standard.
Heritage Printing, Signs & Displays is your go-to service provider for Trade Show Displays in Charlotte, NC. We specialize in large display graphics for any type of promotional display for marketing and advertising. We have won many awards for our excellent work in providing print solutions for trade show displays. Furthermore, over a hundred satisfied customers have given us 5-star reviews.
To place your order, connect with our specialists today. You can contact us (202) 609-9761 and ask for a free quote.
|
<urn:uuid:0a8b5ffc-41d5-4696-aa6b-69558d2faba7>
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://recifest.com/business/one-stop-shop-for-all-your-trade-show-displays-printing-needs/
|
2023-10-02T08:41:56Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.921916
| 981
|
There is nothing quite as spectacular as the small window of local cherries and this sun soothing iced tea not only delivers the subtle cherry  and thyme flavors but a gentle pick me up of black tea.
¼ cup fresh thyme leaves
½ cup fresh cherries, pitted and chopped
1 cup turbinado sugar or raw unprocessed sugar
1 cup water
2 black tea bags
In a medium saucepan combine the thyme, cherries, sugar and water and bring to boil. Reduce heat, place the two tea bags in the syrup and let simmer for about 5 minutes. Take off heat and continue to let steep for about 10 more minutes or until the mixture is slightly darker and clearly infused. Leave the mixture on strained however you can strain the mixture if desired. Pour the syrup in a large pitcher filled with ice and add water! The cherries and thyme leaves float to become the garnish.
|
<urn:uuid:3c1bbffb-2c78-4273-9539-6d737a73c748>
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://recipes.ger-nis.com/uncategorized/black-cherry-and-thyme-sun-soother
|
2023-10-02T08:39:14Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.905548
| 201
|
How To Make Creamy Prawn Pasta
A luscious and indulgent pasta dish with succulent prawns.
Cook spaghetti according to package instructions, drain and set aside.
In a large pan, heat olive oil and sauté garlic until fragrant.
Add prawns and cook until pink.
Pour in white wine and let it reduce by half.
Add heavy cream and Parmesan cheese.
Simmer for 5-7 minutes until sauce thickens.
Season with salt and pepper to taste.
Add spaghetti to the sauce and toss until coated.
Transfer to serving plates and garnish with chopped parsley.
- Calories : 648kcal
- Total Fat : 28g
- Saturated Fat : 13g
- Cholesterol : 278mg
- Sodium : 673mg
- Total Carbohydrates : 59g
- Dietary Fiber : 3g
- Sugar : 3g
- Protein : 35g
Have your own special recipe to share? Submit Your Recipe Today!
|
<urn:uuid:fc6a8733-4f0c-4cf4-abae-68c3babad298>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://recipes.net/main-dish/seafood/prawn/creamy-prawn-pasta/
|
2023-10-02T08:04:12Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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en
| 0.80087
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|
How to Evict a Squatter in New York State
Dealing with squatters can be a frustrating and challenging situation for property owners in New York State. A squatter is a person who occupies a property without legal permission or authority, often refusing to leave even after being asked to do so. Evicting a squatter requires following the proper legal procedures to regain possession of your property. In this article, we will guide you through the process of evicting a squatter in New York State.
1. Understand the Laws Regarding Squatters in New York State:
Before taking any action, it is essential to familiarize yourself with the laws governing squatters in New York State. The laws vary depending on the circumstances, such as whether the property is residential or commercial and whether the squatter has any legal rights to the property.
2. Establish Proof of Ownership:
To proceed with evicting a squatter, you must provide sufficient evidence of your ownership of the property. This may include property deeds, lease agreements, or any other legal documents proving your right to possess and occupy the property.
3. Serve a Notice to Quit:
Notify the squatter in writing that they must vacate the property within a specified timeframe. In New York, the minimum notice period is usually 10 days, but it may vary depending on the specific circumstances. Ensure that the notice is properly delivered and keep a record of the delivery method.
4. File a Petition for Eviction:
If the squatter fails to vacate the property within the specified timeframe, you can file a petition for eviction with the local housing court. The court will provide you with the necessary forms to initiate the eviction process.
5. Attend the Hearing:
Once the petition is filed, a hearing will be scheduled. Both parties will have an opportunity to present their case before a judge. It is crucial to come prepared with all the relevant documents, such as proof of ownership and the notice to quit, to support your claim.
6. Obtain a Warrant of Eviction:
If the court rules in your favor, it will issue a warrant of eviction. This authorizes law enforcement to physically remove the squatter from the property. However, it is important to note that the actual eviction process may take some time, and law enforcement will execute the warrant when their resources allow.
7. Regain Possession of the Property:
Once the squatter has been legally evicted, you can take back possession of your property. Ensure that the property is secured and change the locks to prevent any unauthorized re-entry.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
1. Can I remove a squatter from my property without going through the legal process?
No, it is illegal to forcibly remove a squatter or take matters into your own hands. You must follow the proper legal procedures to evict a squatter in New York State.
2. Can a squatter claim ownership after a certain period of time?
Yes, under adverse possession laws, a squatter may potentially claim ownership of a property if they openly and continuously occupy it for a certain period (usually 10 years in New York State). However, specific legal requirements must be met for a successful adverse possession claim.
3. Can I use self-help measures to remove a squatter, such as turning off utilities or removing their belongings?
No, using self-help measures to remove a squatter is illegal and can subject you to legal consequences. It is crucial to follow the legal eviction process to avoid any potential liabilities.
4. Can I evict a squatter if they have established tenancy rights?
If a squatter can demonstrate that they have established tenancy rights, such as paying rent or having a lease agreement with a previous owner, it may complicate the eviction process. In such cases, seeking legal advice is recommended to understand the best course of action.
5. Can I sue a squatter for damages?
Yes, if a squatter has caused damage to your property during their unlawful occupation, you may be able to pursue legal action to recover the damages. Consult with an attorney to explore your options.
6. Can I evict a squatter from a commercial property using the same process?
The eviction process for commercial properties is generally similar to residential properties, but there may be some nuances. Consulting with an attorney familiar with commercial property law is advisable.
7. Can I hire a professional eviction service to handle the process?
Yes, many property owners choose to hire professional eviction services to handle the legalities of evicting a squatter. These services specialize in navigating the eviction process efficiently and can provide valuable assistance throughout the proceedings.
In conclusion, evicting a squatter in New York State necessitates following the proper legal procedures. Familiarize yourself with the laws, establish proof of ownership, serve a notice to quit, file a petition for eviction, attend the hearing, obtain a warrant of eviction, and regain possession of the property. Remember to seek legal advice when necessary and refrain from taking any self-help measures that may be illegal.
|
<urn:uuid:fd3a9480-78c0-42a8-96d1-d8d300919774>
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://redefy.org/how-to-evict-a-squatter-in-new-york-state/
|
2023-10-02T08:21:02Z
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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en
| 0.935631
| 1,040
|
John McEnroe made a name for himself as foul mouthed athlete. An original of sorts. Björn Borg was a tennis legend that I wasn’t aware of prior to this film. Their epic 1980 Wimbledon final goes down as one of the greatest tennis matches ever. This movie is about to show us the events that lead up to this game of a lifetime and introduce us to the two men behind it. This play-by-play recap review will feature a complete breakdown of the movie, scene by scene. WARNING: This review contains all of the film’s spoilers and ending.
Epic Game Teaser
The film starts with the Wimbledon 1980 Final. Björn Borg is the number one player in the world and going for his fifth consecutive Wimbledon title. John McEnroe is the number two player and newbie chasing his first Wimbledon title. So the stage is set.
Close-up shots of these intense competitors, Borg played by Sverrir Gudnason and McEnroe by Shia LaBeouf (sporting a heck of a mullet). As Borg is about to start a serve, tosses the ball in the air and the screen fades to a few decades back where a teenage kid is hitting a ball against a wall. Young Borg is taking out his frustrations or pure boredom on that wall.
After that exhausting session, the next shot is of adult Borg looking down from a balcony at a swanky hotel in Monaco, staring down at the pool below. Borg resembles a rocker or wrestler with his long fancy locks. The guy must be bored since he’s doing pushups leaning on the balcony fence.
A Man Obsessed
Next he’s hitting tennis balls that are being spit out from a machine. Two points to note. This guy is obsessed with training and he clearly has no friends. I mean geez, at least try to bamboozle someone into tossing or hitting tennis balls with you.
Looks like his lonesome behavior is warranted as he’s being asked for autographs and mobbed by screaming girls when he’s out walking in public. Ok, so Borg is somewhat popular on the streets of Monaco. He finds an empty bar and gets a coffee, only to realize he doesn’t even have the cash on him to pay for it. No money? No problem. Go carry some boxes for the bartender. Unfortunately for Borg he notices a newspaper with McEnroe’s face on it. Borg tries unsuccessfully to tell the bartender that he’s an electrician. Don’t ever try to fool the bartender.
Stateside, apparent bad boy McEnroe is on a talk show talking about his outbursts and upcoming Wimbledon competition. Loose cannon McEnroe storms out the talk show stage swearing and complaining about the mention of Borg, meanwhile Borg is having a subtle quiet fit about not having his superstitious items in order. A tale of two very different men is depicted.
Borg gets a meeting with his handlers who plan out his next few years for him. His girlfriend isn’t impressed. This guy has no sense of independence.
McEnroe is back at his hotel drawing a bracket on the wall of Wimbledon competitors as his mental prep, meanwhile Borg is loosing his mind with the thought he might not win Wimbledon for the fifth consecutive time.
Back to Borg’s childhood where more temper tantrums ensue, to the point we learn he was suspended from tennis competitions for six months. His fortunes seem to change when he meets Stellan Skarsgard, not the actual Stellan, even though that be cool, but Lennart Bergelin, the character Skarsgard plays.
Forward back to the present (1980, at least movie present) where Borg plays his first match, while McEnroe watches on from his hotel bed. He doesn’t stay there long as he heads out to party with his crew and groupies. One of the guys describes to McEnroe how compulsively superstitiously obsessed Borg is and breaks down all his innate routines. They should treat Borg to this experience, maybe that would take a little edge off him. Ok, who am I kidding. A robot with a missing battery would have more fun partying than Borg.
Meet Young McEnroe
That leads us to the backstory of McEnroe. From his training to his mothers strict detail oriented quizzing of him while he’s getting his moppy hair, cut.
Time for McEnroe to have his match. Glued to the TV is Borg, analyzing every step McEnroe makes. I’m also glued to something, that being Borg’s hair. It’s even longer now. Someone call McEnroe’s mother to give this man a proper haircut.
Back to another flashback. Teenage Borg getting coached up by Bergelin. By coaching I mean rouged up and tossed around, literally. As if he needed any more reasons to to have another outburst.
Back to present time. This movie is going back and forth in time more than a time machine could handle, much less your eyes and attention span. So now in the present, apparently Bergelin didn’t do a good job stringing the tennis racket, so for that he gets fired. Now it’s down to that poor angel of a woman that Borg is dating, having to deal with his manic demands.
The following flashback gives us the reason why Borg turned into an emotionless machine. Following that ass kicking he got from Bergelin, he was told never to show any emotion and to use all his emotion into the swing of the racket. This is how the inner monster was created then.
Time for McEnroe’s flashback to the past. Seems like he was coached up to be a math wiz. As he’s flooded with random math questions at a family dinner party.
The smart promotions folks are already strategizing and planning for the inevitable star showdown in the making between Borg and McEnroe. Johnny is doing his part with a f-bomb filled news conference where he unleashes on reporters. Role established—villain.
Out of nowhere the next scene already introduces us to the main showdown between Borg and McEnroe. All the other dozens of matches leading up to it either passed by or were shown in a blink. So much for the set-up. Feels rushed, even though the entire movie has been leading to this inevitable showdown.
Onto the game. McEnroe smokes him in the first set. Some decent back-to-back game footage. Still can’t tell if it’s actually the main actors playing or not?
Second set goes to Borg. Same for the third set. McEnroe is getting beat down in the fourth, until he gets some encouragement from Borg during the break. McEnroe comes out on fire. Falls behind. Makes a comeback. Ties it up. Kuds to the sound mixing here. Some good tension music, one fitting of a crime thriller.
They are forced into a tiebreaker game. Winner takes all. It comes down to the final match point for Borg to win. They really zoomed by the game scores and bring you to that final serve. Every time Borg takes the lead and is about to close it out, McEnroe ties him. It goes back-and-forth like this. Must have been a compelling match to watch in real-time.
Seven times Borg has a chance to close it and he can’t. McEnroe finally does it. Wait so there is more? The sets are tied at two. Yet another grueling game coming up. We’ve had over 15 minutes of this game getting screen time.
In this final game, every swing is in slow motion with an added flashback. There has been a lifetime worth of flashbacks in this movie. After another nail biter, Borg finally manages to squeeze out a win. That’s pretty surprising. In movie terms I expected McEnroe to win. I wasn’t familiar with the story so the outcome would have been an unknown surprise either way.
McEnroe didn’t win the showdown, but he won the respect and admiration of the people. Is that the moral? Even McEnroe himself wouldn’t be satisfied with.
After the game Borg celebrates by having some of the cake with his face printed on it. You know, the kinda cakes kids get with Elmo on them or some cartoon character. In this case it’s of a cyborg with no expression or emotion. Enjoy indulging in that vanilla cake.
Whether it was the cake or not, Borg looks depressed sitting at his afterparty. This guy just can’t be satisfied with anything. What a self-induced misery of a life to have. His angel girlfriend leaves the reception and he follows her. Shockingly he decides to leave the party itself. For once he makes a big boy decision. Congrats, you’re a grown ass man, making your first decision. The independence he’s showing is remarkable.
At the airport Borg and McEnroe come face-to-face. They congratulate another and share an awkward hug. It’s the first time in the movie there is a definitive sense that Borg is the older veteran and McEnroe is the young pup.
Into The Future
A follow-up reveals that a year later McEnroe defeated Borg in the Wimbledon final. That same year, Borg retired. At the ripe age of 26. Never mind the wasted few sentences above. They probably weren’t many years apart after all.
There apparently is a message here after all. It’s revealed that they became friends later in life and Borg was the best man at McEnroe’s wedding. I wanna know if that sweet angel girlfriend of Borg’s actually stuck around with him to end up getting married?
Pictures of the actual event and of McEnroe and Borg are shown. Looks like Borg did get married, as evidenced by one of these pictures. Gudnason has a striking resemblance to Borg. Could have easily been brothers by the looks of it. LaBeouf and McEnroe do resemble another a lot also. Good casting all around.
It’s hard to distinguish the hero and villain of this film? Both aren’t terribly unlikeable or likable characters. So the film is kinda drawn out. Easily could have shed 20 minutes. The set-up is long and then just jumps into the match. There are no significant encounters between the two men prior to the match, as they only creep on each other from a distance.
The individual stories are told in a parallel form. Way too much focus and flashbacks to the childhood and teenage years. It doesn’t need to be constantly reinforced that they had an obsession with being a tennis greats. I get it after the second flashback, but 20 more followed.
The scene with the big game was fairly compelling. It’s rushed through some sets, but it had to be. The ending flaw of this movie is not bringing these characters face-to-face earlier on, even if it was for a brief tease. There were interesting parts about this film. You had two important figures in the world of tennis at the forefront. A depiction of the lead-up to the epic 1980 Wimbledon final. Good believable acting. It was an okay movie overall. Could have done things to improve it, but it’s still worth checking out, especially if you’re a tennis aficionado. I guess the story of these men wasn’t as dramatic and their life journey to get to that game.
If one thing was establishes is that both Borg and McEnroe were manic and obsessed with success. They were perfectionists to a fault. They were the same person, just showed their inner turmoil in complete opposite ways. McEnroe was the vocal one that showed all sort of emotion, while Borg was a silent ticking bomb, who didn’t even flinch or show a ounce of emotion. Two contrasting approaches, but the same drive and passion.
- GENRE: Sport-Biography-Drama
- RUNTIME: 1 hr 47 min
- RATING: R
- RELEASE DATE: April 13, 2018
|
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://reeltalker.com/2018/04/13/commentary-movie-review-borg-vs-mcenroe/
|
2023-10-02T08:37:16Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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en
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Are You Frustrated or Tired Trying to Lead?
Are You Ready To Take On That Next Mountain?
- A Safe Confidential Place to Reflect
- Awareness of Limiting Beliefs
- New Skills to Tackle Challenges and Opportunities
- Aligned Passions, Stengths, and Goals
- Work-Life Balance
- Confidence to Move Forward Bodly
- Stronger Relationships
- A Deeper Faith
We Have Been There
- We are passionate about people.
- We are passionate about YOU.
- We are passionate about helping YOU lead and thrive
Deb Prieto, Experienced Leader and Executive Coach
Our Organizational Development Background and Experience.
It allows us to look through many lenses, beyond those of the average coach bringing greater insight and value.
- Efficiency, Productivity, and Organization
- Dealing with complex systemic and relational situations-managing up, down and laterally
- Communicating Effectively
- Discerning Organization Culture Issues
- Strategies to Manage Time and Priorities
- Handling Conflict and Critical Conversations
- Making Difficult Decisions
- Developing Institutional Savvy
- Increasing Motivation in Yourself and Others
- Fill in Your Identified Leadership Gaps
- Moving from "Managing" to "Coaching" Staff and Volunteers
- Leading Change
- Career Transition
- Slowing Down Your Life and Soul
- Achieving Goals
- Managing Stress
- Experiencing Fulfillment
- And So Much More...
- What if You Asked Different Questions?
- What if You Reimagined your Life?
- What if You LIved the Life You Were Made For?
- What Could that Look and Feel Like?
...Deb’s coaching supported my growth as a leader at an important reflection point in my career. My organization was undergoing substantial change (structure, strategic planning, financial shifts) which opened the door for me to do some important reflection and prioritization. She provided me guidance, literature, tools and activities to focus my energy and time on my near and long-term professional development and career path. She is very candid, often helping me dig deep and figure out what was really going on and blocking me from taking the next step in multiple areas- embracing change, leading in ambiguous times, building social capital and influence, strategic partnerships for the work but also for my own development, building a vision for my team and managing up.--Tara Ficek, First 5 LA
My time spent with Deb has been one of the most valuable experiences of my professional career. I really appreciate your direct and clear way of communicating. I aspire to continue on working on all the goals we developed together. -Jessica M.
|
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://reimaginecoachingandconsulting.com/pages/executive-coaching
|
2023-10-02T08:17:12Z
|
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en
| 0.920718
| 564
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In 1981, an obscure English punk band recorded a song whose cover by an Istrian punk band became famous in the former Yugoslavia. It took three decades and serendipity for the dots to connect.
With Barry Phillips (Demob) and Nenad Milić (Tito’s Bojs). Featuring music by Agent Tajne Sile, Defiance, Hladno Pivo, JazzIstra Orchestra, and Tito’s Bojs.
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PETER KORCHNAK: This is Remembering Yugoslavia, the show exploring the memory of a country that no longer exists. I’m your promoter Peter Korchnak.
Like everywhere outside the English-speaking Northern Hemishphere world, punk rock in the former Yugoslavia was both a marginal affair and an import from the UK. Yugoslav music lovers were free to travel to the West and discover new trends there and buy records—including punk.
The first punk bands in Yugoslavia, Pankrti (The Bastards) from Ljubljana and Paraf (The Initials) from Rijeka, both of whom are now legendary, set the tone for the scene in 1976-77, about the time The Clash released their debut album.
With the speed of a guitar solo, the punk bug spread to Pula, Zagreb, Novi Sad, and Belgrade as well as Skopje and Sarajevo. Električni Orgazam (Electric Orgasm), Prljavo Kazalište (Dirty Theater), Termiti (Termites), and Zabranjeno Pušenje (No Smoking) all started out as punk bands before crescendoing into the various riffs of New Wave, as did Paraf. In the 1980s, dozens of additional punk bands emerged.
Again as everywhere, Yugoslav punks criticized and condemned the mainstream. This in Yugoslavia often took on the form of critiquing the socialist system itself, the police, the government, the ideology. But, as has been observed, not necessarily with the goal of bringing it down altogether; perhaps the Yugoslav punkers suspected the end of socialism would be the end of Yugoslavia. This is one reason [why] Pankrti and KUD Idijoti from Pula included the Italian communist anthem, “Bandiera Rossa,” on their albums or why Paraf sang “Živjela Jugoslavija!” (Long Live Yugoslavia). In other words, those of Jello Biafra of The Dead Kennedys, “If you love God, burn a church.”
The writer Jonathan Bousfield has described his first encounter with Yugoslav politics thusly: “I was walking behind a group of local teenagers in Trogir in 1985. One of them was carrying a small rucksack on which she had written, in felt pen, the words “Sex Pistols”, “The Doors”, and “Tito”, followed by a five-pointed star.”
Conversely, the regime tolerated punk and punk rockers because it was safer to keep them in view, releasing the steam here and there on albums or at live concerts, than to have them suppressed underground where they would plot who knows what.
That said, punks did see limits put on their works and experience some repression; the Nazi Punk affair from 1981 was a prominent example (note to self: a badge that says Nazi Punks Fuck Off! over a crossed-out swastika—don’t wear that in a socialist country).
“Punk rock in Yugoslavia emerged and developed as a way to blaspheme the government and…almost everything…that our parents’ generation believed in,” wrote Bosnian-in-Croatia writer, Miljenko Jergović, in the New York Times, in 2017 when Yugoslav punk was celebrating 40 years. “The artistry consisted in writing songs that would be more anti-establishment than any before but would not be censored. There was just one topic that was untouchable: Tito. Everything else was allowed. One could sing more or less openly against everything. Even against Communism.” End quote.
For context, in the Eastern-Bloc Czechoslovakia, only a handful of punk bands existed, unbeknownst to most people (reading about them today I’ve only heard of about a couple); in my part of the former country, Slovakia, there was literally one punk band, Zóna A, in the population of five million, formed in 1984 and not allowed to publish until after the commies were out.
“Simply put,” concluded Jergović, “in contrast to Leonid Brezhnev of the Soviet Union, Tito did not think that young people with drums and guitars would bring down the state. And in the end, he was right.”
BARRY PHILLIPS: Yugoslavian punk had very, very distinct DNA of Balkan folk. It seemed that wherever it came from in Yugoslavia had a different flavor and that tended to come from regional folk, so whether it was sevdah or klapa or tamburitza, you know?
PETER KORCHNAK: Barry Phillips was for a short period in the early 1980s the bassist for the punk band from Gloucester [glahsta], England called Demob.
At the time and for another thirty years, he knew nothing about Yugoslav punk.
BARRY PHILLIPS: I chased the dream to be a musician for 20 odd years, eventually giving up in the mid-90s, early to mid-90s.
PETER KORCHNAK: Phillips spoke to me from his home in a village in the Scottish Highlands.
After his music career, Phillips spent most of his adult life in Sheffield, an industrial city in central England. He turned himself into a historian specializing in modern European history, authoritarianism and fascism, the Spanish Civil War, and oral history.
(By the way, founding Pankrti member, Gregor Tomc, is a sociology professor at the University of Ljubljana. As Phillips quips, “punk is not dead, it just got a PhD.”)
Then Phillips, the former punk rocker, joined the British Civil Service as a policy advisor and later a speech writer—his top credits include various secretaries of state and education as well as, in part, one Tony Blair—and most recently he worked as an education technology policy advisor to the European Union.
BARRY PHILLIPS: And then I dedicated about seven or eight years pretty much full time to either playing again, I went back to playing music in a French punk band—
PETER KORCHNAK: —until 12 years ago when things took a hard Yugoslav turn.
Before we get to that story, I want to dedicate a drum solo to Aleksandar, Kamilla, and Nina: thank you all for your recent headbanging contributions, you truly rock.
Remembering Yugoslavia has been, is, and will remain independent—call it guerrilla, call it punk—thanks to contributions from people like Aleksandar, Kamilla, and Nina. So if you haven’t already, join this trio and many others on the stage and help keep the podcast (a)live.
Go to RememberingYugoslavia.com/Donate and rock out with your card out and jam out with your clams out.
BARRY PHILLIPS: 1976 When punk came along, I was what, fourteen, living in an ex-coal mining village down on the border between England and Wales, so very provincial kind of area. Punk was utterly my life fairly quickly. We would travel 50 miles to see every punk gig within that radius.
PETER KORCHNAK: Barry Phillips again.
BARRY PHILLIPS: I formed punk bands as you do in those kind of places (little tiny villages, there’s nothing else to do).
1980, a friend of mine had joined Demob and become the singer, and he asked me to join Demob.
PETER KORCHNAK: Phillips played in another band, the Blitz Boys, which occasionally supported Demob and got some play on John Peel’s BBC show.
Demob was a “multi-racial, teenage street-punk band” formed in Gloucerster, England in 1978. Their first release was titled, “Anti-Police.” At one point they were support for U2.
BARRY PHILLIPS: Demob were building something of a reputation by 1980, some of it notorious. They were very much a street punk band as opposed to—although that wasn’t a phrase then—as opposed to the kind of art school punk side of things, very representative of being provincial, if you like.
PETER KORCHNAK: That notorious reputation had to do with fights breaking out at their shows. The “testosterone-fueled teenagers from a coal-mining culture,” as Phillips describes the members, “were no strangers to fists and boots.”
Some brawls were initiated by local motorbike gangs, others by skinheads. But it wasn’t just lunk heads and neo-Nazis who took issue with punk.
BARRY PHILLIPS: Something that’s missed now, and this is quite important to the story actually, is that back in ‘76, ‘77, we punks were really incredibly in the minority. If you listen to everybody now, everybody had some sympathy with punk or was into punk, but everybody hated us: the street kids hated us, the bikers hated us, the police hated us, the politicians hated us, older people hated us, everybody hated us. So we were very much a minority and that formed your identity very, very much. And I think it’s part of your identity that formed very early on and it kind of carries with you right through life having been that kind of minority or perhaps we were just kind of those kind of people.
We were teenagers, you know, when 15, 16, 17 years old, but almost everybody who hated us was was a mature adult, you know what I mean? But apart from the fact that our peers hated us anyway, the fact that there were questions asked in Parliament in Westminster about these punks, saying they were destroying society. Obviously the God Save the Queen, Sex Pistols record, was banned.
We were very much a minority, there was a fair amount of violence visited upon us even down in— well especially I think perhaps the provinces.
It’s very easy now to think that everybody was a punk because I look on Facebook and see lots of people my age who are all seem to have been into punk at the time, but I don’t remember that being the case then, I don’t remember hordes of people helping me out when I was getting jumped by groups of bikers or the street kids, the kind of tony kids who had the big [?] trousers and we’re into disco, you know, at the time.
PETER KORCHNAK: Phillips played with Demob only for about a year, including on tours with Angelic Upstarts, Discharge, and Exploited, and—
BARRY PHILLIPS: I was very lucky to be in the band at the time that “No Room for You” EP was released. And I played on the tour to promote that.
PETER KORCHNAK: “No Room for You” ended up being Demob’s biggest hit, so to speak.
BARRY PHILLIPS: It was pretty obvious to me from the first time, that Miff wrote it, that was a cracking song. It had such a sing along chorus. It was one of those that was visceral, it really hit you straight in the gut. It wasn’t particularly cerebral, but it wasn’t stupid, either, you know. It wasn’t that lowest common denominator kind of thing.
So the song was about a venue that we used to go to, which was this old crumbling motel between the cities of Gloucester and Cheltenham, which is about 70 kilometers from Bristol and about 70 kilometers from Birmingham. And this old motel had this big kind of dance well, it wasn’t a big dance, it held about three or four hundred, but almost every punk band came to this venue called Wickham Lodge, and it was kind of our venue. The police used to turn up in undercover gear, which was just hilarious, because they would be so easy to spot all the time. But the place was pretty grungy, you know, but it was our place. And everybody played there. There was a lot of violence at the time. And there was a lot at Wickham Lodge, partly because of it being between the cities of Gloucester and Cheltenham, where the skinheads didn’t like each other and all of those things. But there would be one, two gigs there every single week, from about 1977 through 1979. You know, I mean, I can remember being there and seeing, in 1979, scene, Echo and the Bunnymen and Teardrop Explodes, and I counted the crowd as 44 people, that’s the kind of place we’re talking about.
And at the end of 1979, it closed down, much to our sorrow. So the song was actually about the closing down of that venue, it was our one kind of venue. They’ve got no room for you, is the kind of tagline to it.
I thought it was very cleverly written [INAUDIBLE] since because you could take it in many ways, you know, it had multiple applications. But it was a simple song. It’s straight, straight three chords kind of blue thing, with a rock ‘n’ roll baseline, and this military drumming. So I knew it was a good song. And it always, always went down really, really well with the crowds once we started playing it even before it was released. So it was a great live song. It’s sold out.
We had it pressed up in you know, you got it pressed up at those times in two or three thousands at a time. And it’s sold out each time it was pressed. I don’t know probably somewhere between seven and ten thousand in the end before the band split up, something like that.
But it was then picked up. And it was on the original Punk and Disorderly album, which is something of an iconic album.
PETER KORCHNAK: The 1982 compilation, Punk and Disorderly, featured sixteen songs by contemporary punk bands from the UK plus the only Americans on the album and the one band that was familiar to this punk ignoramus, the Dead Kennedys.
The now-classic compilation, which spawned two sequels, has been in hindsight described as “a landmark compilation”
and “a defining moment in early 80s punk.”
Punk and Disorderly reached number 48 in the UK Charts and spent eight months on the British indie chart, peaking at number 3.
With Punk and Disorderly, “No Room for You”—
BARRY PHILLIPS: —got a new lease of life. All of a sudden, that track was in the UK, the proper chart, not just the independent chart.
So that then I didn’t really think about it again after 1981, when I left the band.
PETER KORCHNAK: As Phillips went about his writing business in the ensuing decades, several bands around the world covered “No Room for You,” in their own languages no less.
In 1987, the Mexican legend Three Souls in My Mind made it into “El Tacon Dorado.”
In 2001, the Basque band Kaotiko made their own version, “En el Barrio de Latón” for their album Mundo Kaotiko.
In 2002, the Portland, Oregon punk band Defiance included a pretty faithful cover of “No Room for You” on their album, Out of the Ashes. I lived in Portland from 2004 to 2019 and had no idea this band existed—that’s how no-punk I am.
I’m playing the song here with the kind permission of the band and the song’s author. Buy their music! All the social [Facebook / Instagram] and purchase links are at RememberingYugoslavia.com/Podcast.
[SOUNDBITE – “No Room for You” (Cover) by Defiance]
PETER KORCHNAK: Pretty good, right?
In 2016, the English Texas-spoof band Badass Cowboys made a country-folk version.
And Phillips has found one additional Mexican version as well.
So. In 1981 Phillips left Demob. Fast forward three decades to the summer of 2011. Prince William is married, Ratko Mladić is arrested, Osama bin Laden is dead—and Barry Phillips is reborn.
BARRY PHILLIPS: One night I find a video of a band from Lowell, Michigan, a band called Al & The Black Cats, playing “No Room for You” in a club in Zagreb—
PETER KORCHNAK: YouTube user @juraOiOiOi, who runs a personal, punk-related website, “Oy, Jebo te Blog” posted the clip on June 1st, 2009. It has 2,300 views as of mid-August 2023.
BARRY PHILLIPS: And this was the first time I’d really thought about it for 30 years. So I just posted this—
PETER KORCHNAK: —on Facebook—
BARRY PHILLIPS: —tagging all of my friends who had anything to do with Demob and people from back— the old punks that were the young punks at nighttime, and tagged them and just said, “Look at this, you know, there’s a band covered our song.”
And [a] few minutes later, I got into my inbox a message from somebody who I’d never met before or heard from in Kragujevac who said, “You do know this song famous and Yugoslavia.”
Obviously, I had no idea whatsoever that this song was famous in Yugoslavia. And I must admit, I wasn’t I didn’t actually believe him to begin with. But I took it at face value, did some searches—
PETER KORCHNAK: —and found out there was one other cover version of “No Room for You.” The Croatian punk rock legend from Pula, KUD Idijoti (Cultural Artistic Society Idiots), covered the song with Croatian-language lyrics that roughly followed the original’s meaning.
The song “To nije mjesto za nas” (It’s Not a Place for Us) was the title track on KUD Idijoti’s third album, Glupost je neuništiva (Stupidity Is Indestructible), released in 1992.
“We don’t go there anymore / Those doors are closed to / People like us… I see different people here / They say it’s still the same / But all is different without us / It’s not a place for us,” sang KUD Idijoti a decade after Demob.
KUD Idijoti had started out in 1981. The acronym KUD, K-U-D, stands for kulturno-umjetničko društvo, which translates as cultural-artistic society. KUDs were and still are folklore music and dance groups across the former Yugoslavia.
KUD Idijoti released their first album in 1986 and the following year they won the Subotica Youth Festival. The band enjoyed great popularity during the 1990s, including in the post-Yugoslav abroad.
In 2012, the frontman, Branko Črnac Tusta, died from cancer and the band disbanded.
There are several uploads of both the original song by Demob and the cover by KUD Idijoti on YouTube. As of mid-August 2023, the most popular Demob video, featuring the single cover art, has 177,000 views. The most popular KUD Idijoti video, featuring the band photo, has 543,000 views (though to be fair, a great part of KUD Idijoti’s hits would have followed Tusta’s death). The actual music video spot, which may have been KUD Idijoti’s very first and is quite hilarious, has 33,000 views.
At any rate, Phillips was hooked.
BARRY PHILLIPS: Funnily enough, I was still working at the time on an education project. And I was sent to Belgrade quite soon after. And I was sat with two Croatian academics, both of whom were about, I would say, about 40 years old. And they started talking to me about what I’d done before because we were talking about creative education. And I mentioned Demob, and I asked them if they’d ever heard this song. And I played them the song and they both said, “Yeah, of course, we know that song,” meaning the KUD Idijoti version. And I said, “Well, ours was the original.”
PETER KORCHNAK: Phillips being a historian, things snowballed from there.
BARRY PHILLIPS: I contacted the other members of the band. None of them knew anything about this at all, we had no idea whatsoever. So I just started making some inquiries, and literally, unsolicited fired off a few messages to people. I found emails and Facebook profiles, fired off messages thinking I might get one or two people to talk to me. And just about everybody in former Yugoslavia replied and said, “Oh, great, great to hear from you, come talk to me.”
PETER KORCHNAK: Phillips writes the discovery “was as surreal as it was baffling and intriguing.”
Here you are, you know, minding your business. The old song surfaces, resurfaces in this fashion, a cover version that you had no idea existed, how did you feel?
BARRY PHILLIPS: It was spectacular, it really was. It gave me a new lease of life. I felt like a kid when it happened. You’re in your early 50s, or whatever it was, in late 40s, and all of a sudden, there was something that I hadn’t realized that I’d achieved. You know, it’s a bonus, a huge, huge life bonus.
I’d trained as a historian and I was making my living writing at the time, writing and researching basically, but not necessarily the things that I was that passionate about. So it pretty quickly became obvious to me that I needed to follow this through and track it down. It was such a perfect opportunity. I wasn’t expecting to try and find out everything about Yugoslavia but it was such a lens, it was kind of a key that opened doors to me, but it was also a lens through which to view this whole thing and understand a lot more about it.
So I don’t have the words for how exciting it was at the time. I don’t have the words for how rewarding it became afterwards. I don’t mean financially, obviously. But how rewarding in the amount that I’d learned from the people that I met in former Yugoslavia and the friendships I’ve made as well.
PETER KORCHNAK: When I first heard this story, it reminded me of Sixto Rodriguez who made music in Detroit in the 1960s, including the song “Sugar Man,” but did not make it as a musician so he worked as a construction worker for the rest of his life. About the time Phillips began his journey through Yugoslav punk, Rodriguez learned he had been super famous in South Africa for decades. There’s a great documentary about this called, Searching for Sugar Man, released in 2012. Rodriguez had died a few days before Phillips and I spoke.
BARRY PHILLIPS: I did [an] interview with a Russian guy the other week about the book. And he said, “It reminds me of Searching for Sugar Man, but his strange kind of Cold War punk version of.” I’d never watched Searching for Sugar Man. So we, my wife, and I, literally sat down and watched it about five days ago now.
PETER KORCHNAK: Tell us about the journey of discovery of Yugoslav punk rock and the book.
BARRY PHILLIPS: So I went into this very quickly with a book in mind. When I say very quickly, within a year or so of getting this message, and then doing a little bit of research into it, I thought there’s a book here.
Part of this was, I began a PhD about 15 years before and got two years into it and given it up because of work. And I was going to go back to the PhD and I thought, why am I doing a PhD? I don’t need to be called doctor this or a doctor that. Why don’t I spend that time doing something that I really, really want to do?
So what I tried to do was apply all of the same rigor that I would have applied to a PhD to this book. But I wanted it to be able to communicate with people who wouldn’t, wouldn’t necessarily ever see a PhD. But it was a much looser kind of discipline, in terms of how I was able to behave within that that kind of scaffolding. So I built up these networks through people who would put me in touch (journalists and music critics were incredibly helpful).
And then it was a case of plotting the journey to try and interview as many people as I could in the whatever it was, two and a half weeks. I made the decision that it needed to be done in one journey.
PETER KORCHNAK: The result of the journey is the book, In Search of Tito’s Punks: On the Road in the Country That No Longer Exists. Out now in hardcover from Intellect in Bristol and Chicago, the book is available for sale online and in every good bookstore. And check out the Remembering Yugoslavia Instagram for a giveaway of one copy.
The book is essentially three books in one. The travel bit is an account of Phillips’s trip, in 2017, to the punky parts of the former Yugoslavia using public transport; he went to Zagreb, Rijeka, and Pula; to Ljubljana; and to Belgrade, Novi Sad, and Kragujevac.
BARRY PHILLIPS: I felt it needed to be based around the centers of punk and the capitals of the northernmost states of the former Yugoslavia because those were the ones I could travel to at the time to get to the maximum number of people within the space of two and a half weeks or so.
PETER KORCHNAK: Secondly, there are full transcripts of long interviews with some of the greats of the Yugoslav and post-Yugoslav music scene (Sale Veruda of KUD Idijoti, Pero Lovšin of Pankrti, and Darko Rundek of Haustor are probably the most prominent, and there’s also Robert Miff Smith of Demob who wrote “No Room for You,” Petar Janjatović, who has been on this show a couple of times, and music critics, promoters, and other musicians).
BARRY PHILLIPS: I just wanted to get the picture of what Yugoslavia had been during the time of punk what punk had been to them, and how their lives had changed since.
Pretty much everybody that I contacted had known the song. Pero Lovšin from Pankrti for instance, shot me back a message straightaway saying, “What a song! I’ve recorded it myself. And here’s my version of it.” You know, so…
Funnily enough, one of the only people who hadn’t heard it was— When we were in Ljubljana, I managed to time it to be there at Pankrti’s 40th anniversary gig, which was just phenomenal. And after I’d got the tickets, it was announced that the special guest was none other than one of my heroes, Glen Matlock, one of the original Sex Pistols and a fantastic bass player. And then Pero told me the day after that, he’d played Glenn the song and Glenn had never heard it. So the one person who’d never heard it was the English punk.
PETER KORCHNAK: Another storyline follows Phillips behind the scenes of some of the trials at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in The Hague, where he lived for about a decade. Like a good punk, he went against the advice of people in the former Yugoslavia telling him to avoid writing, even it was for English-speaking audiences, about politics and war.
BARRY PHILLIPS: It was within my own parameters, remember, so I didn’t have a PhD supervisor saying this is a crazy idea.
PETER KORCHNAK: Phillips originally wrote the book, posted an e-version online, and later got approached by a publisher, which trimmed the wordcount a bit.
At the end of the book, in a coda of sorts, Vinko Barić wrote a timeline of Yugoslav punk.
In a positive review, Nathan Brown over at Louder Than War wrote that the book was “very well written and properly researched” and that it “manages to simultaneously get under the skin of punk rock in the former Yugoslavia, while covering recent history and providing a travel guide cum road trip narrative while still being an enjoyable read.”
The punk poet Attila the Stockbroker heartily recommended the book in his column for the Morning Star, “the only English-language socialist daily newspaper in the world,” saying it is “beautifully written.”
The one flaw of the book is a pet peeve of mine, so I’m gonna step on a soap box for a minute. The flaw is not Phillips’s, let me be clear, it’s the publisher’s. I’m talking about the choice of type in the design. The book title rendered on the cover contains characters from the Russian alphabet—they are not in the Cyrillic alphabet! As so often elsewhere, including in the promotion of the movie Underground, they’re used instead of Latin letters to somehow supposedly convey communism: the Russian “I” which looks like a flipped Latin N to substitute that letter and “JA” which looks like a flipped R to substitute for R. It’s not only inaccurate, it’s cliche and to me personally annoying. And it makes the title read “I-I Sea-JA-ch of Tito’s Pu-I-ks.” Soapbox session over.
Either way, the journey has not ended with the book for Phillips.
BARRY PHILLIPS: I’ve continued researching this. I set up a Facebook group to go with the book, which we carry on sharing information about Yugoslav punk with the people who are in the book, but a whole bunch of other people as well, it’s about four or five hundred people now, no more. But I’m learning a lot from that still and I’m hoping that that’s also communicating to a lot of English-speaking people as well. So that’s continued for the last three, four years, and will continue.
My obsession has continued in that respect. I am still following everything through, I’m still in touch with almost all of the people and I’m still following new music that’s coming out from former Yugoslavia.
A whole new world opened up in 2013, 14, or whatever. So I’d got 30 odd years music to catch up with then. So I’m still catching up with bands from, you know, 1980, 81, 82. So I’m still discovering music from then as well. It’s like a kid in a sweet shop.
PETER KORCHNAK: Repetitor, Goribor, Pogon BGD, and M.O.R.T. are some of the active contemporary bands Phillips cited as his favorites.
BARRY PHILLIPS: I haven’t added to my tattoo collection with any Yugoslav tattoos.
PETER KORCHNAK: A Croatian-language version of In Search of Tito’s Punks is due out in the spring of 2024. In the meantime—
BARRY PHILLIPS: I’m working on a couple of books of relevance to Yugoslavia at the moment. The one that’s following on from Tito’s Punks, at the moment it’s called, working title, In Search of Goths and Spomenik[s] and New Primitives.
As I said, I decided that geographically I was limited in the first visit. The plan is to go back to Croatia, Slovenia, and Serbia but I also want to go to the southern states more and I’m particularly interested in the whole, more the kind of post-punk, darkeri, choral stuff, bands like Mizar, and the whole kind of crossover between the liturgical, Orthodox crossed with goth kind of thing. I want to look at the whole new primitive movement that was centered around Sarajevo, too.
PETER KORCHNAK: The other book Phillips is working on is about Scottish nurses who served in Serbia during World War I, one of whom was from the village where he lives now.
[SOUNDBITE – “Na morskome plavom žalu” by Agent Tajne Sile]
PETER KORCHNAK: That was Agent Tajne Sile with the cover of a song written for and made famous by Emir Kusturica’s debut film Sječaš li se Dolly Bell? (Do You Remember Dolly Bell?). “Na morskome plavom žalu” (At the Blue Beach) is about a boy who falls in love with a blonde at the coast. It’s one of my favorite 80s songs from the former Yugoslavia.
Agent Tajne Sile covers popular songs from that disappeared country. It is a side project of Nenad Milić, the frontman of Tito’s Bojs, a punk band from Rovinj, in Istria. In a way, Tito’s Bojs has carried on punk’s legacy decades after the genre (or dare I say movement) first flipped the world the bird.
Milić is from Karlovac, a town some 50 kilometers southwest from Zagreb. In part due to his father’s ethnicity as a Serb and in part due to the town being in the thick of war things, his family moved via Germany to Istria during the 90s war.
It was there, in 1998-99, that Milić started his own punk band and was its singer.
NENAD MILIĆ: It was a typical high school band. I was an outsider in the school because I came from another part of Croatia to Istria with all the refugees and then there was few other outsiders and we started the band just for fun in the school and then it went on to something more serious with the years. And then when you get serious your ideas got more serious and your views political and then the problems started.
PETER KORCHNAK: Why call it Tito’s Bojs?
NENAD MILIĆ: Because I’m a Yugoslavian kid, and I was kind of branded by Yugoslavia, marked, you know. And then you have the transfer as you’re 11, 12 years old boy into another system and you don’t understand what’s going on, you have a nice, you had a nice life, and parents work, and everything was kind of ideal, and then it’s a war there, and blah, blah, blah… It was a revolt with that name, you know, to show that we belong to that part of our selves, not to this one, what is happening now.
You need to imagine, we were 18 years old, it was ‘98, it was just three years after the war, and we all had bad experiences. There were still a lot of refugees in Istria, there was this post-war trauma. And as a punk rocker, what could be better to provocate [sic], you know, like, just eight years after the fall of Yugoslavia to call yourself? I think it was the best punk name at the moment in the Balkans, you know. We just didn’t have any promotions or label, we were [an] underground band. But you know, if there had been somebody who could push us out, I think we would be like Sex Pistols, you know, in all the newspapers, you know, wherever, with than name. Still, there isn’t a better name for a band.
PETER KORCHNAK: As more than one interlocutor in a recent documentary about the band said, and I’m not quite paraphrasing, it really took big cojones, jaja, to name a band after Tito in Croatia, especially while Tudjman was still alive and in power.
NENAD MILIĆ: We stand for freedom and liberty and, you know, expressing yourself and being what you are and being always in contradiction actually with yourself, what punk is and with the others, like always to be contrary if somebody says it’s black, you say it’s white. I think it’s the purpose of punk rock to always do to ask, to re-ask and to actually not to agree, right with the current political, economical or whatever situation. So you can’t be mainstream if you’re a punker, punk rocker.
If you’re 18 years old, your perspective and your vocabulary, everything isn’t so good as it is, if you are 31, okay. With 18 years old, you’re stupid, you know, and our music kind of was reflecting the daily problems we had, you know, with police or, you know, the regular punk rock themes, you know, against politicians and so on. Because Istria has this funny vibe, we were always trying to pack that in kind of liberating and relaxing sounds and good punk rock.
Just with the years the themes get— actually the same themes, but they got focused with better words and better, you know, better dictionary and better, you know, as you go on and read more that your songs getting better and are getting better.
But this is always the same themes, I think, in all the bands in the world, you know, daily problems, girls, politics, you know, revolt to the system, you know, ecology, it’s always the same problems we need to address, you know. Nothing’s changed.
PETER KORCHNAK: In “Mast i vlast” (Fat and Power), Tito’s Bojs sing of demagogues and thieving politicians. The song appeared on their debut album, Electro Istria, released in 2002 and re-released on the 20th anniversary last year; this live version is from the upcoming album Live in Ljubljana 2012.
[SOUNDBITE – “Mast i vlast” (Live) by Tito’s Bojs]
NENAD MILIĆ: From 2002 until 2006, we were gigging constantly and we had a lot of problems. We were beaten up, war veterans went in some villages or small towns went to the gigs with bombs or with guns, and our cars got destroyed after the gigs…
In 2002, as we started, there were still a lot of skinheads, Nazi skinheads around. Now, nowadays there is no skinheads more because there is no need of skinheads because you have only nationalists in Croatia and Serbia, so there’s no need for an extra sell of right-wing nationalists because everybody is a fucking nationalist. There’re not anymore punks, too, you know, in Croatia.
[In] 2007 we released our second album, and then we said, like, Fuck off, we need to go a little bit west. And then we started to play outside, Slovenia and Germany and Italy. And until 2009, we played only outside Croatia, we didn’t have any more gigs in Croatia, first of all, because we started to get boycotted and nobody wanted to organize our gigs.
[In] 2009, we had our first gig over in Serbia, Novi Sad, you know, that was stopped with special forces with snipers and with dogs, you know, and things like that. Skinheads were beating people up two streets away from the gig, and things like that.
So we said like, fuck off. We don’t want to go there too.
PETER KORCHNAK: —in 2011 Milić left Istria.
NENAD MILIĆ: It’s [a] usual thing to migrate if the situation is not working in your country. And in my country it’s not working for the last 31 years. It’s not the Istria like it was before; there is no difference now if you would go to Istria or another part of Croatia, it’s just Croatia, with all its bad and good sides.
I was at the breaking point where I couldn’t do anything with my life anymore in Istria because of my political views and everything, you know. Because those those are kind of serious years where you need to start think[ing] about your future and you know, earn some money and start and then doors were closed for me, you know.
PETER KORCHNAK: As Demob would say, “And do you know the reason / Why it all fell through / They got no room for you.”
NENAD MILIĆ: It’s not easy if you’re not politically correct, and I’m not politically politically correct.
PETER KORCHNAK: You’re a punk rocker, right?
NENAD MILIĆ: Yeah, it depends.
Today punk rock is going mainstream,it’s watered down it has nothing to do [any]more with with punk rock 30, 45, 50 years ago.
PETER KORCHNAK: After some time in the U.S. and Canada, Milić moved again to Germany in 2014. He spoke with me from that bastion of Yugos in Germany that’s Munich, where he works as a school teacher.
He told me Tito’s Bojs guitarist still lives in Istria, the bass player also lives in Croatia and has disavowed the band, and the drummer moved to Slovenia.
In the meantime, Milić has been re-releasing re-mastered versions of Tito’s Bojs albums on his label WTF Records.
NENAD MILIĆ: It’s a problem to release something in Croatia, because first of all, because of our heritage and our name. And secondly, it is the best way, you know, to do it yourself, you have the full control and as much as you invest and as much as you promote yourself, it’s getting back to you, you know, so you can’t blame anybody. Everything is in your hands.
PETER KORCHNAK: WTF Records releases and promotes music from the former Yugoslavia.
NENAD MILIĆ: You know, I have certain requirements for the bands, you know, they need to be left and nobody of their parents should be in any party. It’s hard, you can’t find bands like that, everybody has bloody hands down there.
PETER KORCHNAK: Tito’s Bojs ended up releasing three albums in all.
“No Room for You” most likely got to the former Yugoslavia via the Punk and Disorderly compilation.
NENAD MILIĆ: I think there is not a single person in any Yugoslavia who didn’t has [sic] that compilation. It’s actually a really good compilation. If you listen to that compilation, that’s maybe one of the best songs.
And through that compilation I think KUD Idijoti got to that song too. Then they just covered it in Serbocroatian.
It’s kind of a punk anthem for us.
PETER KORCHNAK: Back in Yugoslav times, whether young musicians heard songs on the Italian or Luxembourgish radio or on records licensed in their country or brought in from trips abroad, there was sort of an unspoken competitiveness in copying their favorites and making the best copies possible. In fact, in the 1950s and 60s BYR, that’s Before Yugo Rock, verbatim copied Western music is what people played at shows and dances.
Milić, who goes by Ned O’Millick on some of his more recent work, was one of the people Phillips contacted for the book.
PETER KORCHNAK: What does it feel like, this guy from a band that made the anthem of punk rock, and it was big in the former Yugoslavia and Croatia. So how did that feel? And how did that friendship develop?
NENAD MILIĆ: It was kind of surreal, you know, like, What the fuck? You have some heroes or something like that, and then you achieve the point in your life where you can meet them or talk to them or play with them. You know, like, it’s always— the first time is always like, surreal, you know, like, you can’t believe it it’s kind of like, external body experience. It was the same, like when we played with Offspring in 2009, you know, they chose us to be the support band in Zagreb. And it was like also to meet them and play for them, you know, before them, I couldn’t believe it, you know? That was the same with Barry as we talked and, like, I can’t believe it, and I’m talking to the guy from Demob, which songs I was listening, you know, every day from morning until the evening, you know, in my mid-school, you know, like, when I was a young punk and I’m like, I’m talking now to him, you know?
And he also recorded a bass on my solo record, Ned O’Millick Cooperative, you know, he recorded the bass and he wrote those notes on the cover itself.
PETER KORCHNAK: In 2016, WTF Records released a compilation album of its own. Za Tebe (For You) features 25 covers of KUD Idijoti songs by various artists from across the former Yugoslavia, including Dubioza Kolektiv, Lažni Franc, Pankrti, Psihomodo Pop, and Rambo Amadeus, as well as the Horkestar choir and the City of Pula Brass Orchestra.
NENAD MILIĆ: It was kind of thing I needed to do because in Istria we played a lot in Pula and we were friends with Tusta, singer from KUD Idijoti, and the band, and they went to our concerts and we played with them a few times. And when we went to Pula, we get drunk with them and they came to our concerts and they were like local heroes and they were also, you know, like heroes for me, Tusta and everybody.
And as I went to Canada, 2012, Tusta was very ill, you know, and we like play human humanitarian concert for him. And his death catch me [sic] in Canada, and I was also there alone in Canada, you know, on the other side of the continent, and you know, like, one of your youth idols is dead, and you’re totally down and you can’t go to his, you know, funeral and you are there and it seemed like, the whole world fall apart [sic], you know.
And then 2014 I decided, okay, I need to do that, I need to do this tribute, you know, for not for punks in Yugoslavia, I need to do it for myself, you know, like I’m from Istria. And I owe that to myself and I owe that to that band. And then I started to call because we played a lot of heads a lot of contacts, I started to contact everybody around the Balkans, you know, big bands.
I done the compilation from my point of view, from my vision, through the stories I had with them and from the things I know about them, and from the bands I know they were friends with, and from the bands, they told me, as Tusta was alive, the bands he liked. And, you know, I wanted to tell the story with this compilation.
PETER KORCHNAK: KUD Idijoti’s cover of “No Room for You,” “To nije mjesto za nas,” fell to the Croatian rock legend Hladno Pivo (Cold Beer).
As with all the other songs from WTF Records you hear on today’s show, including the intro jingle riff, I’m playing it with the kind permission of Nenad Milić. Find the label on Bandcamp and buy their music! Links are at RememberingYugoslavia.com/podcast.
The second part of the mix I’m going to leave you with today is a version performed by the JazzIstra Orchestra at a concert in Pula earlier this year featuring KUD Idijoti covers.
Goes to show, how far “No Room for You” and “To nije mjesto za nas” made it in the end.
PETER KORCHNAK: Covers of a cover, we’ve gone full post-modern here. “To nije mjesto za nas” is fully part of the musical cannon in the former Yugoslavia, particularly in Croatia and even more so in Istria.
And on some level, it all speaks to what Yugoslavia was about: take the best from the rest and make it ours. Kind of like America does. And on another level, it speaks to the fact that Yugoslav cultural production has enduring value.
I’ve been humming and singing “No Room for You” to myself for the past two weeks straight. It’s catchy, it’s got a good rhythm that is very helpful while doing yardwork (I sing the chorus, “they’ve got no room for you at all” to each weed before I pull it).
[BACKGROUND MUSIC – “Rainmaker” by Petar Alargić]
PETER KORCHNAK: Next on Remembering Yugoslavia:
TADEJ ANCLIN: I really wanted to show people, those replicas, those 3D prints, you know, because the people go there for a purpose of living the Yugoslavia [sic]. And this was the best time.
PETER KORCHNAK: In the next installment of Inspired by Yugoslavia, I’ll talk to 3D makers of monuments and a graphic designer, and a hobbyist board game maker calls in.
Tune in wherever you listen to podcasts, follow to make sure you don’t miss out, and subscribe to support us.
[OUTRO MUSIC – “Jugoslavijo / Od Vardara pa do Triglava” by Horn Orchestra]
PETER KORCHNAK: That’s all for this episode of Remembering Yugoslavia, thank you for listening. Find additional information, embeds, links to purchase all the music you’ve heard, and the transcript of this episode at RememberingYugoslavia.com/Podcast.
While you’re there and before you go, take a moment to get a ticket for the show, there’s always room here for you and your support. Strum to RememberingYugoslavia.com/Donate and, as today’s chorus goes, rock out with your card out and jam out with your clams out!
Outro music courtesy of Robert Petrić.
Additional music courtesy of Defiance, Nenad Milić and WTF Records, and JazzIstra. Buy their music! All the links are at RememberingYugoslavia.com/Podcast.
I am Peter Korchňak.
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Indoor plants not only add a touch of nature to your living space but also come with numerous health benefits. They can purify the air, reduce stress, and boost productivity. Two popular choices for indoor plants are the Cat Palm and the Areca Palm. Both offer unique features and have their own set of advantages. In this article, we will compare and contrast these two beautiful palms to help you make an informed decision on which one suits your home or office better.
Indoor plants are a fantastic way to bring a touch of greenery into your living space and create a calming ambiance. When it comes to choosing the perfect indoor plant, two popular options that often make it to the top of the list are the Cat Palm and the Areca Palm. Both of these palms offer unique features and have specific care requirements, so let’s dive into the details of each.
Cat Palm Overview
The Cat Palm, also known as Chamaedorea Cataractarum, is a charming houseplant with graceful, arching fronds. Its lush green foliage resembles the tail of a cat, which is how it got its intriguing name. This palm typically grows to a height of 3 to 6 feet, making it ideal for smaller spaces.
2.2 Care Tips
Caring for the Cat Palm is relatively easy, even for beginners. It thrives in indirect light, so placing it near a window with filtered sunlight is ideal. Regular watering is essential, and the soil should be kept slightly moist but not waterlogged. Fertilize the Cat Palm once a month during the growing season to ensure healthy growth.
2.3 Suitable Environments
Due to its moderate size, the Cat Palm fits well in living rooms, bedrooms, and offices. It adds a tropical touch to any space and is an excellent choice for plant enthusiasts looking for a low-maintenance indoor companion.
Apart from being a visually appealing plant, the Cat Palm also purifies the air by removing toxins such as formaldehyde and benzene. Its presence can improve indoor air quality, making it a valuable addition to any environment.
Areca Palm Overview
The Areca Palm, scientifically known as Dypsis lutescens, is a stunning plant with feathery, arching fronds. Its elegant appearance adds a touch of luxury to any room. The Areca Palm is a bit taller than the Cat Palm, reaching heights of 6 to 7 feet, making it a statement piece for larger spaces.
3.2 Care Tips
While the Areca Palm requires a bit more attention than the Cat Palm, it is still manageable for most plant enthusiasts. It thrives in bright, indirect light, so placing it near a window with filtered sunlight is crucial. The soil should be consistently moist but not waterlogged. Regular misting of the leaves helps maintain humidity, which the plant enjoys.
3.3 Suitable Environments
The majestic Areca Palm looks splendid in spacious living rooms, hallways, and large office areas. It’s an excellent choice for those looking to add a touch of elegance and tropical vibes to their interiors.
Aside from being a beautiful decor element, the Areca Palm is also an effective natural humidifier. It releases moisture into the air, making it perfect for dry indoor spaces. Additionally, this palm is known for its air-purifying properties, making your environment cleaner and healthier.
Comparing Cat and Areca Palm
Both the Cat Palm and the Areca Palm are beautiful indoor plants that offer unique features and benefits. The choice between the two largely depends on your preferences, available space, and how much time you can dedicate to plant care. If you prefer a smaller, low-maintenance plant, the Cat Palm is an excellent choice. On the other hand, if you have a spacious area and want a statement piece, the Areca Palm is a perfect fit.
How to Choose
5.1 Space Consideration
Evaluate the available space in your home or office before making a decision. If you have limited space, the Cat Palm will fit better as it stays relatively compact. For larger areas with high ceilings, the Areca Palm will fill the space beautifully.
Consider the lighting conditions in the area where you plan to place the palm. If the space has ample natural light, both palms will thrive. However, if the lighting is low, the Cat Palm may be a more suitable choice as it can tolerate lower light conditions better.
If you’re new to plant care or have a busy schedule, the Cat Palm’s low maintenance requirements make it a practical option. The Areca Palm requires a bit more attention, including regular misting and careful watering.
Addressing Common Misconceptions
There are some misconceptions regarding indoor plants in general. One common myth is that all indoor plants are hard to care for and require extensive attention. However, with the right selection and understanding of their needs, indoor plants can be relatively easy to maintain and offer numerous benefits.
In conclusion, both the Cat Palm and the Areca Palm are excellent choices for indoor plants, each bringing its unique beauty and benefits. Consider your available space, lighting conditions, and maintenance capabilities to make the best choice for your home or office.
Can I keep the Cat Palm in a dark room?
While the Cat Palm can tolerate lower light conditions, it’s best to place it near a window with filtered sunlight to ensure healthy growth.
How often should I water the Areca Palm?
The Areca Palm enjoys consistently moist soil, so water it whenever the top inch of the soil feels dry to the touch.
Do these palms require regular fertilization?
Yes, both the Cat Palm and the Areca Palm benefit from monthly fertilization during the growing season to support their health and growth.
Can I keep these palms in a cold environment?
Both palms prefer warm and humid environments, so avoid exposing them to extremely cold temperatures.
Are these plants safe for pets?
Yes, both the Cat Palm and the Areca Palm are non-toxic to cats and dogs, making them safe choices for pet owners.
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Techniques for RNA in vivo imaging in plants
MetadataShow full item record
Since the discovery of small RNAs and RNA silencing, RNA biology has taken a centre stage in cell and developmental biology. Small RNAs, but also mRNAs and other types of cellular and viral RNAs are processed at specific subcellular localizations. To fully understand cellular RNA metabolism and the various processes influenced byit, techniques are required that permit the sequence-specific tracking of RNAs in living cells. A variety of methods for RNA visualization have been developed since the 1990s, but plant cells pose particular challenges and not all approaches are applicable to them. On the other hand, plant RNA metabolism is particularly diverse and RNAs are even transported between cells, so RNA imaging can potentially provide many valuable insights into plant function at the cellular and tissue level. This Short Review briefly introduces the currently available techniques for plant RNA in vivo imaging and discusses their suitability for different biological questions.
Tilsner , J 2015 , ' Techniques for RNA in vivo imaging in plants ' , Journal of Microscopy , vol. 258 , no. 1 , pp. 1-5 . https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.12208
Journal of Microscopy
© 2014 The Authors. Journal of Microscopy © 2014 Royal Microscopical Society
Items in the St Andrews Research Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.
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Wireless sensor networks generally have unique lifetime necessities. In any case, the density of the sensors may not be sufficiently substantial to fulfil the coverage requirement while meeting the lifetime constraint in the mean time. Once in a while coverage has to be traded for network lifetime. The proposed efficient pipeline based spatial temporal optimization scheduling for coverage optimization satisfies the coverage problem while meeting the lifetime constraint at the same time. In the proposed optimal scheduling, initially number of nodes in the network is clustered by using energy based one hop clustering algorithm. After the formation of clusters pipeline based spatial temporal optimization algorithm is used for the optimal scheduling. Here the optimization is improved by using trust of each sensor nodes and the area of clusters. Finally, data is aggregated through the optimally scheduled cluster nodes. The experimental results show that our proposed optimization scheduling substantially outperforms other schemes in terms of network lifetime, coverage redundancy and convergence time. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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https://research.caluniv.ac.in/publication/efficient-area-coverage-in-wireless-sensor-networks-using-optimal
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The term ‘collaborative (or ‘peer) learning is used to describe learning environments that encourage students to ‘learn with and from each other’ (Boud, 2001, p. 3). Collaborative learning is employed in a variety of contexts. This paper examines the use of collaboration for examination preparation. It is based on an on-going piece of action research into the use of collaborative approaches to examination preparation on a third year undergraduate module at Edge Hill University. Previous cycles in the action research process highlighted: (a) the need to take more account of the students’ values when introducing collaborative learning; (b) the benefits of helping students establish a network of peers who they can link up with for collaborative purposes; and (c) the need to develop the students’ ability to work in groups. As a response to these issues the students have been introduced to the theory and practice of group work and collaborative learning during the first year of their degree. These interventions appeared to improve the students’ ability to work in groups and also raised the level of collaborative learning that the students engaged in. There remain, however, a significant number of students who do not participate in the collaborative learning process when preparing for their examination. The research for this paper focused on the factors influencing the level of student participation in the collaborative process. It found that three key issues acted as barriers to student participation in collaborative approaches to examination preparation. The paper ends by examining how the barriers to collaboration can be overcome. It discusses whether the advantages of collaboration and the requirement to develop interpersonal skills and the ability to work in groups (see QAA benchmark standards) justify compelling students to engage in collaborative approaches to examination preparation. The paper also considers offering additional targeted support to particular types of student. Finally, the paper discusses the measures and support mechanisms that might be put in place to help students manage their studies more effectively so that they are more likely to engage in collaborative activities.
|Publication status||Published - 2007|
|Event||Education in a Changing Environment International Conference - Salford, United Kingdom|
Duration: 12 Sept 2007 → 14 Sept 2007
|Conference||Education in a Changing Environment International Conference|
|Period||12/09/07 → 14/09/07|
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https://research.edgehill.ac.uk/en/publications/an-examination-of-the-factors-influencing-student-participation-i-2
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Amphiphilic polycarbonate/PEG copolymer with a star-like architecture was designed to facilitate a unique supramolecular transformation of micelles to vesicles in aqueous solution for the efficient delivery of anticancer drugs. The star-shaped amphipilic block copolymer was synthesized by initiating the ring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) from methyl cholate through a combination of metal-free organo-catalytic living ring-opening polymerization and post-polymerization chain-end derivatization strategies. Subsequently, the self-assembly of the star-like polymer in aqueous solution into nanosized vesicles for anti-cancer drug delivery was studied. DOX was physically encapsulated into vesicles by dialysis and drug loading level was significant (22.5% in weight) for DOX. Importantly, DOX-loaded nanoparticles self-assembled from the star-like copolymer exhibited greater kinetic stability and higher DOX loading capacity than micelles prepared from cholesterol-initiated diblock analogue. The advantageous disparity is believed to be due to the transformation of micelles (diblock copolymer) to vesicles (star-like block copolymer) that possess greater core space for drug loading as well as the ability of such supramolecular structures to encapsulate DOX. DOX-loaded vesicles effectively inhibited the proliferation of 4T1, MDA-MB-231 and BT-474 cells, with IC50 values of 10, 1.5 and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. DOX-loaded vesicles injected into 4T1 tumor-bearing mice exhibited enhanced accumulation in tumor tissue due to the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. Importantly, DOX-loaded vesicles demonstrated greater tumor growth inhibition than free DOX without causing significant body weight loss or cardiotoxicity. The unique ability of the star-like copolymer emanating from the methyl cholate core provided the requisite modification in the block copolymer interfacial curvature to generate vesicles of high loading capacity for DOX with significant kinetic stability that have potential for use as an anti-cancer drug delivery carrier for cancer therapy.
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|
Get started with this new open-access platform for publishing and containerizing research code in the cloud. A zoom link will be provided by email. This event is part of Princeton Research Data Service Lecture Series, Getting Started with Collaboration Tools Series: Or, Open Research in a Time of Isolation.
Questions? Contact Neggin Keshavarzian at email@example.com. To request accommodations for this event, please contact firstname.lastname@example.org at least 3 working days in advance.
|
<urn:uuid:e91095e0-6027-4ef8-894c-182cb5be96ef>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://researchdata.princeton.edu/trainings/2020-05-21/getting-started-collaboration-tools-code-ocean
|
2023-10-02T07:28:32Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.832219
| 110
|
Students of Bihar School Examination Board BSEB on the 4th February 2021 in the IInd sitting participate in the Class 12th History Examination. Students after completing Exam looking Bihar Board 12th History Objective Answer key 2021.
History Multiple Choice Objective Questions Answer is available on this website. In the Exam of Class 12th Bihar Board History Subject Board given a total of 100 MCQ in which students have to answer any 50. Students are very happy to see double Objective Question in the Exam and students also attempted BSEB 12th History OMR Sheet very carefully.
Bihar Board History Objective Answer Key 2021 – Overview
Bihar Board History Answer Key 2021 of Arts faculty by Bihar Board provide one week later of the exam date. Before it you can download the BSEB Inter Arts History Objective Answer Key of Exam 4th Feb 2021 Just over of exam of Bihar Top Coaching Center.
|Post||Bihar Board History Objective Answer 2021|
|Exam Date||04 February 2021|
|Sitting of Exam||IInd Pali ( 2nd Sitting )|
|Subjects||History 100 Marks|
|Total Objective Questions||100|
|Need to Answer on OMR||Any 50|
BSEB Inter History Objective Question Answer Key 2021
You can get all History Subject Objective Questions Answer. This you can use to match your answer for any of the Question sets. As you know in exam Board given a total of 10th history question sets which are Set A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I & J. In all sets Questions are the same but on the number of the different question.
Download Bihar Board 12th History Answer Key 2020 of Objective Question – How?
To Download the Answer key of the History Subject, you have to just visit www.resultfor.in on this website.
- We provide All History Objective Answer in Hindi, Which you can match your Answers.
- Here will be Answers to the Questions and their Answer.
Please note: you will get marks in History Objective As per the official Answer key. Official Answer key of Class 12th History Bihar Board Exam will be available till 10th March 2021.
|Previous Year Exam History Objective Answer key 2020||Model Set 2021|
|
<urn:uuid:8321577c-1370-4af8-9fd8-60b87efb13e8>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://resultfor.in/history-objective-answer-key-2021/
|
2023-10-02T09:15:29Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.871686
| 488
|
Purnea University Graduation Part 3 Exam is commence from the 3rd week of July 2023. Examination Controller Authority of PU is to upload the Part 3 Exam Admit Card online. Students those who are going to take part in the Exam such can download their Exam Admit Card.
In this post going to tell you all about the Purnea University Part 3 Admit Card 2023 Download (लिंक). How to Download Admit Card of Graduation 2020-23 Exam of Purnea.
To Download of Admit Card students need to use User id and password during that time need to select college. Here on this page you will get Direct link of Purnea University Part 3 Admit Card 2023 Download.
Purnea University Part 3 Admit Card 2022 Details
|Post||Purnea University UG Part 3 Admit Card|
|Course||Graduation Final Year|
|Admit Card Release Date||July 1st Week 2023|
|Exam Start Date||July 3rd Week 2023|
|Admit Card Download Website||Website & Direct link Given|
Purnea University UG Part 3 Exam Admit Card 2023
In the Exam Admit Card students can find Exam Center name and Examination Schedule. All of the students can take part in the exam only at the allotted exam time & Center.
|पूर्णिया यूनिवर्सिटी ग्रेजुएशन तृतीय वर्ष का परीक्षा कार्यकर्म जारी | परीक्षा के लिए एडमिट कार्ड भी जारी कर दिया गया है| विधार्थी अपना एडमिट कार्ड एप्लीकेशन ID और पासवर्ड के द्वारा डाउनलोड कर सकते है | एडमिट कार्ड डाउनलोड करने के लिए लिंक July 2023 को एक्टिव हो Jayega |
It can be also check out in the Purnea University 3rd Year Exam Date Sheet and Center List. Below you can get How to Download Exam Admit Card along with Direct link.
How to Check Purnea University 3rd Part Admit Card 2023?
To Download Purena University Graduation Part 3 ( BA, BSC, COM) Exam Students need to use Application Number and Password. After getting of Admit Card it is compulsory to sign and Stamp of Principal.
In case not Downloading of Exam Admit Card student can visit own college to Get information about the Admit Card. Check out step wise Proecess to Download Admit Card.
1st Step: Check the Current Notices from the home page or click on link on this page.
2nd Step: Click on Students Portal and then a open the link.
3rd Step: Enter User Name, Password, and Security Code.
4th Step: After that click on Login Button.
5th Step: A Dashboard will be open, There is the link for Download Purnea University Admit Card.
6th Step: Then a new page will be open, search out the Purnea University Part 3 Admit Card.
|Purena University Part 3 Admit Card||Download / View Here|
|Purnea University Part 3 Date, Center||Schedule & Center List|
Hope in this post you get to know about Purnea University Admit Card 2023, Part 3 BA, BCOM, BSc. Still you have any query then you can ask through the comment.
|
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|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://resultfor.in/purnea-university-part-3-admit-card/
|
2023-10-02T07:53:01Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.748933
| 1,065
|
There are many good things that come with good financial help such as peace of mind, a good credit score, and the possibility of getting better terms on loans in the future. Furthermore, it can lead people to plan ahead accordingly, especially when it comes to savings for things such as retirement or college tuition for children.
Poor financial health, on the other hand, is much like a cold. It seems to linger and it takes time to get fixed. But the worst part is that there’s no single cure for it. There is no one size fits all guide to improve your financial situation.
But now’s not the time to despair. Just because you can’t do it within a week doesn’t mean you should give up on gaining financial empowerment. In most cases, people have to use multiple strategies at the same time in order to reach their preferred results.
Today we’re looking at 7 tips for improving your financial health!
|
<urn:uuid:576220dd-b78f-4ef2-80fd-e40832a4b38d>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://retiredinamerica.com/2020/07/06/7-tips-for-healthier-financial-decisions/
|
2023-10-02T08:10:58Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957804
| 197
|
The Bureau of Land Management aims to use a helicopter to capture wild horses in Central Oregon, then perform a rare surgery on 100 animals, in which a mare’s ovaries will be removed by crushing and pulling them out with a looped-chain instrument.
This study/experiment planned for this fall at the Warm Springs Herd Management Area, southwest of Burns, is part of a larger push by BLM and some members of Congress to make field sterilization surgeries a new way to reduce the number of wild horses and burros on federal land.
It’s a reckless move at taxpayer expense by the agency charged with protecting wild horses and burros that would be dangerous for individual animals while threatening the diversity and health of whole herds.
Known as ovariectomy via colpotomy, the procedure BLM plans to use in Oregon exposes mares – stressed by being taken from their herds and confined for the first time – to serious risk from infection, evisceration (should intestines protrude through the incision), and hemorrhaging.
Most domestic horses on which this surgery is performed in sterile conditions are hospitalized for three to seven days.
“The possibility that ovariectomy may be followed by prolonged bleeding or peritoneal infection makes it inadvisable for field application,” concluded a 2013 National Academy of Sciences report done as part of a $1 million report on wild-horse management funded by the BLM.
At the same time, Rep. Chris Stewart, R-Utah, authored an amendment to the Fiscal Year 2019 Interior Appropriations bill, approved by the House as part of a larger spending package, which would give Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke power to create non-reproducing herds with sterilization as a key tool.
Common sense tells us these surgeries are untenable on the range due to the risk posed to mares, including pregnant mares, and because the monetary cost will be unacceptably high.
This march toward endangering federally protected wild horses and burros is all the more unnecessary by the availability of the safe and effective fertility-control vaccine known as PZP.
Since 2007, BLM has never spent more than 3.94 percent of its annual Wild Horse and Burro Program budget on fertility-control vaccines, despite the Science and Conservation Center and organizations like Return to Freedom Wild Horse Conservation achieving a 91-98 percent efficacy rate when the vaccine is properly applied.
BLM’s failure to implement PZP has resulted in 46,431 captured wild horses and burros warehoused in government holding facilities. It cost taxpayers $47.5 million to house, feed and care for them in 2017.
As part of a multipronged approach, PZP is a tool that the public can accept.
It’s well past time that BLM work with advocates to forge a politically viable, long-term plan – one that is both humane and rooted in proven science – providing the sustainable future that wild horses and burros deserve.
Cory Golden is the advocacy and communications coordinator for Return to Freedom Wild Horse Conservation.
Call your members of Congress at (202) 225-3121 (to find direct numbers, go to https://www.callmycongress.com).
Urge your senators to:
* Stand strong in Conference committee on the Senate’s language protecting wild horses and burros and on defunding horse slaughter, if the senator sits on the Senate Appropriations Committee (click for a list of members: https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/about/members).
For senators *not* on the Senate Appropriations Committee: Ask them to tell members of the Conference committee that constituents do not want them to waiver either on protecting wild horses or defunding horse slaughter.
* Oppose a new, quietly implemented BLM policy increasing the number of wild horses that can be sold to individuals and the frequency of those sales. This move will only lead to the slaughter of wild horses, something Congress has strongly rejected;
* Support the SAFE Act (S. 1706) to ban slaughter and the transportation of horses for slaughter.
Urge your congressional representative to:
* Oppose a new, quietly implemented BLM increasing the number of wild horses that can be sold to individuals and the frequency of those sales. This move will only lead to the slaughter of wild horses, something Congress has strongly rejected;
* Oppose the House version of the FY19 Interior Appropriations bill because it contains an amendment allowing for the mass sterilization of wild horses and burros; instead, ask your representative to support Senate language on wild horses being considered by the House and Senate Conference committee, instead;
* Oppose the FY19 Agriculture Appropriations bill because it does not include the horse slaughter inspection defund language; instead, ask your representative to support the Senate language being considered by the House and Senate Conference committee, instead;
* Support the SAFE Act (H.R. 113) to ban slaughter and the transportation of horses for slaughter;
* Support the Horse Transportation Safety Act (H.R. 4040) to ban hauling horses on double-deck trailers under all circumstances.
|
<urn:uuid:4d08b9cb-27d7-4924-b515-8fa4dc0226d4>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://returntofreedom.org/rtf-op-ed-oregon-wild-mares-target-of-sterilization-experiment/
|
2023-10-02T08:07:53Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.926388
| 1,056
|
What’s more exciting than starting a new show with an instant classic? Music City Trucks knew they needed to hit the ground running, and they decided to do this by building a classic 1991 GMC Suburban they named Unbreakable. They chose this truck for a few reasons, one being the last of the classic square body style, and another because it’s the biggest SUV of its era. The Suburban is a prime example of a beginner off-road rig where parts are readily available at a reasonable price.
The biggest challenge was the one they set for themselves – naming it “Unbreakable” isn’t something they took lightly. They understood something can always break, but with this setup, a special rig was about to be unleashed into the wild. Setting up the geometry was crucial to having a truck that could be used on the trails and on the road without having any fear of driving over 25mph, so it took a lot of tack, measure, tack, move, tack.
What makes Unbreakable so unique is the parts the guys used for the project. From the Bilstein suspension provided to us by Summit Racing, to the Dana 60 axles, and the 4-link from Off Road Design, this is the ultimate way to hit the trails. The axles are built about as tough as you can imagine, and Engine Power even chipped in and built a 383 Stroker to solely for this project, about as tough as it gets when it comes to engines, which is deserving of its “Unbreakable” badge of honor.
Music City Trucks accomplished what they set out for, and what makes this particular project so impressive is that they built an incredible 4×4 machine that can take a beating on the trail, but drives you home once the weekend wraps up. The truck boasts an overdrive and higher gears in the axles for it to run on the highway and a dual-t case setup for super low gears on the trail.
|
<urn:uuid:9ef91c90-da42-4779-842d-e83a64bd7f12>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://rickybobby.powernationtv.com/projects/unbreakable-suburban
|
2023-10-02T09:15:24Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.971771
| 410
|
Choosing the right gloves for snowmobiling or dirt biking is crucial to ensure comfort and protection in various weather conditions. 509 offers a range of gloves specifically designed for different temperature ranges and terrains. Let's explore the recommended conditions for each 509 glove model and understand the significance of insulation levels.
LVL 1: These gloves are suitable for temperatures above 20 degrees F or mountain terrain. They provide light insulation, perfect for milder conditions encountered in mountainous areas. Mountain terrain refers to riding in elevated areas with varying weather conditions. In such terrain, riders typically generate more body heat due to the physical activity involved. Therefore, gloves with less insulation are recommended to prevent overheating and ensure better temperature regulation during intense mountain rides.
LVL 2: Designed for temperatures between 20 degrees F and 0 degrees F or mountain/crossover terrain. These gloves offer moderate insulation to keep hands warm in colder temperatures while allowing for flexibility during various riding styles.
LVL 3: Recommended for temperatures between 0 degrees F and -20 degrees F or trail/crossover terrain. These gloves provide increased insulation to combat the cold temperatures experienced during trail rides.
LVL 4: Designed for temperatures below -20 degrees F or trail terrain. These gloves are heavily insulated to provide exceptional warmth and protection in extremely cold conditions encountered during trail riding. Trail terrain involves riding on designated snowmobile trails, often covering long distances at sustained speeds. Trail riding exposes riders to colder temperatures and increased wind chill due to higher speeds. Gloves designed for trail terrain require more insulation to provide enhanced warmth and protection against sustained cold temperatures encountered during longer rides.
- Backcountry Ignite Heated Glove
- Duke Trigger Finger Mitt
- Fisticuff Trigger Finger Mitt
- Youth Rocco Mitt & Glove
- Youth Rocco Gauntlet Glove & Mitt
Dirt Bike Gloves
Factor Pro: These gloves offer minimal insulation for temperatures 20 degrees F and above, making them suitable for warmer dirt biking conditions.
Neo Gloves: Designed for wet conditions, these gloves have no insulation. They provide excellent grip and moisture resistance to keep hands dry and comfortable.
Low 5: These gloves are specifically designed without insulation, prioritizing breathability and flexibility for warmer weather dirt biking.
4 Low: Similar to the Low 5 gloves, these gloves have no insulation, focusing on breathability and flexibility in warmer riding conditions.
Top Grain Goat Leather: Top Grain Goat leather is a highly desirable material for snowmobiling gloves due to its exceptional durability, softness, and performance, providing the necessary protection and comfort for snowmobilers navigating challenging terrains and extreme conditions. To learn more about Top Grain Goat Leather visit the article: What is Top Grain Goat Leather?
Speed Cinch: Speed Cinch is a 509 exclusive tightening adjustment that allows you to quickly tighten your glove or jacket wrist cuffs with just one hand. to learn more about Speed Sinch visit the article: What is Speed Cinch?
In conclusion, selecting gloves based on the recommended insulation levels for specific temperature ranges and terrains is crucial for snowmobiling and dirt biking. 509's range of gloves provides options suitable for various weather conditions and riding styles, ensuring optimal comfort, warmth, and protection. Additionally, the use of Top Grain Goat Leather in snowmobiling gloves enhances durability and performance, making them a reliable choice for riders in challenging environments.
|
<urn:uuid:60f0a7b2-9885-42dc-8d27-962276233fc2>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://ride509.com/blogs/faq/what-conditions-do-you-suggest-for-each-509-glove
|
2023-10-02T07:25:47Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.898465
| 693
|
🔴 Go to Coupang Goldbox today to see discount products!
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Electric kickboard ranking https://youtu.be/fTpDixUOSrE
Gaming Laptop Ranking https://youtu.be/crPtE-MP_As
Ranking of wireless vacuum cleaners https://youtu. be/jkj4A7xNixc
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|
<urn:uuid:96eb37ed-353e-44b5-ba3e-a7e2fc79f049>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://riuzzang.com/2021/03/25/7-recommended-rankings-for-2021-spring-dress/
|
2023-10-02T07:52:57Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.689116
| 501
|
We are located in Southern New Brunswick, Canada and would like to share some adventures on our local waterways. We offer mobile service and flexible rates for groups and individuals.
We are situated where the beautiful Saint John, Kennebecasis, and Hammond rivers meet the Atlantic Ocean in the Bay of Fundy. Kayak along the rugged Atlantic coastline or enjoy the scenery of the expansive inland waterways.
A little about ourselves!
I have always enjoyed nature and have found success in its calming ways. I have learned to look closely at the beauty we take for granted in our area, but found it challenging to find the time to do so. An experienced outdoorsman, a successful career in technical sales a passion for nature and kayaking… Let me help you experience the silence of nature. Certified in Wilderness First Aid and CPR, Sea Kayaking Skills Level 1 and a licensed VHF operator
Peter holds several awards from Paddle Canada and is a certified sea kayak instructor. He has given training to many students. His students include individual paddlers, guides from other tour companies, and officers from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Peter is more than willing to cater training to the client’s goals.
Peter Lavigne has been a sea kayaker since 1999. He has been guiding tours since 2002, working with group sizes ranging from private tours for 1 client to larger groups of over 40. Regardless of tour, Peter’s goal remains the same; to offer the client the safest, most enjoyable experience possible. His willingness to talk all things sea kayak related is endless and he loves to share his enthusiasm for the sport to paddlers of all experience levels.
Peter holds a VHF operators license, is an Emergency First Responder and has been a professional firefighter since 1993. He is also a Pro Ambassador for Level Six paddling gear.
|
<urn:uuid:f3e15c7a-83b1-4105-8c24-13e59da28af1>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://riverbayadventures.com/about-us/
|
2023-10-02T07:10:21Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.961834
| 384
|
More individuals are using foreign dating sites because you will discover lot lots of advantages of doing thus. The 1st and the biggest benefit is that you don’t need to leave your home or perhaps your present spouse to search for to start a date or even a lover in another country. You will find your soul mate without even shifting from your space. You just need to produce efforts to spare a while out out of your busy schedule. The world wide web has made for some reason easy for people to look for each other with the assistance of internet dating.
Many of the international internet dating sites provide free of cost registration to all users just who meet lowest criteria expected by all of them. If you are seriously interested in finding your life partner then it would be best to register with one of the best worldwide dating sites. Normally, you may be spending too much money for your monthly registration. Once you are registered with any online furthermore website; you might the access to customised profiles of different people via different countries.
With the help http://www.xgratuit.net/video/open-57/ on this facility of online in addition dating websites; you will enjoy the chance to meet someone by anywhere in the world. An individual to meet an individual whom you should never have your slightest thought about. It’s because with the help of online dating sites websites; you can find introduced to various kinds of singles whilst saving a great deal of money. Therefore , if you are seriously interested in finding a particular date abroad; you should go for probably the greatest online dating websites.
|
<urn:uuid:39287c33-d1a0-4697-96b0-50de32313b2b>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://riveroakcapital.com/finding-love-meet-someone-from-all-over-the-world/
|
2023-10-02T06:59:50Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.949282
| 321
|
Setting up and launching a website can be a stressful business. Even when you know what you want, it can be difficult to explain this to someone else, and when you try to do it yourself, you often end up way out of your depth or creating a website that just doesn’t do your vision justice.
The good news is that if you do it right, working with a web designer doesn’t have to be painful. Here are ten tips to make the process smoother and much more enjoyable.
1. Communicate your business needs thoroughly when working with a web designer
There’s no point having a fantastic website if it’s not meeting your business goals. That’s why it’s a good idea to set up either a meeting or a remote screen sharing session so that you can go through competitor and industry websites. Tell your designer what you like and what you don’t like and discuss what you can do to make yourself stand out. Remember that remote calls can save time (and money) by cutting the amount of time your designer spends on meetings, but only if you’re both comfortable with using remote technology.
2. Do a good job communicating your brand
Your company’s marketing standards play a huge role in the design phase, so it’s important to share essential information about colors and font preferences, logos and the visual imagery that you use to convey your message. Some people think that they need a new website and discover that they need a rebrand, while others fail to share brand information and end up causing delays and higher costs down the line.
3. Work with a professional web design company
Many people are tempted to work with freelancers or to give the job to the lowest bidder in an attempt to cut costs. This approach is usually a bad idea because there’s no guarantee of quality and it’s impossible for any one person alone to know everything there is to know about every area. A company, by contrast, can offer subject matter specialists in different areas and form a whole that’s greater than the sum of its parts. When you have problems working with a web designer from that company you can usually ask for a new one and they can usually accommodate you quickly without going through a month-long search and rescue which is what you might need to do if you have to start over.
4. Find ways to lower your costs and that of your web designer
One way web design companies make a website more affordable is by limiting creative design options. If an artist doesn’t limit creative options, they risk getting abused by a difficult client who insists on seeing as many design options as possible. I had one client that LOVED the first design our designer created, and they said it was perfect. After further consideration, they insisted on having us create two additional design options. WHY??? Well, our contract stated that they could have up to 3 designs and the next design could be better than the first one, so they insisted on seeing more options. This “grass could be greener” in the next design drives up costs unnecessarily and can cause relationships to sour. It’s better to get it right first time and to focus on the revision process.
5. Consolidate feedback when working with a web designer
Avoid sending hundreds of emails with every little change that you think of because this will take up more time for your designer and potentially lead to things being missed out and forgotten altogether. Instead, consolidate the feedback as part of a list and pay particular attention to key decision makers at your organization so that you know they’ll be happy to sign off on the final design.
6. Write the content first or ask your web designer for help
Designers are business owners too, and the faster they get a job done, the sooner they can get paid and the more money they make. They’ll be able to pass those savings on to you if you speed up the process by preparing the written content beforehand instead of causing delays and redesigns later on in the process. Furthermore, given that Search Engine Optimization (SEO) requires creative content, many web design firms now have full-time creative writers on staff. If you let them take on your writing, you may find that your pages will get a higher rank with search engines in the process.
7. Work with your web designer to create a schedule of deliverables
When there are deadlines and deliverables in place, you know what to expect and when to expect it. Make sure that you consider the vacation plans of your decision makers so that you avoid rescheduling and putting extra pressure on an already busy designer. The best web designers run a busy shop and have a lot of work in production, so proper planning on your part will make their life easier and improve your relationship with them. If your web designer is promising to complete the job in less than one month, that is a red flag, and maybe there’s a reason he is not so busy.
8. Agree on a scope
Work with your designer to create a written scope of work that details everything that the final website should contain. For complex sites and systems, a design document includes pages of business rules and database designs. The designer or programmer can refer back to this scope of work or design document, and you can use it to solve any disputes. It’s also fairer for both parties because if you set a fixed price, that price covers everything in the scope – but no more and no less. If you receive a one-page proposal for an e-commerce website, run the other way.
9. Keep deadlines on both sides
Web design takes time. Be assertive if they miss deadlines but do it professionally. If you constantly badger your web designer for updates, it may take even longer. Trust them to meet their deadlines and repay the courtesy by meeting any deadlines on your end for when you’ve agreed to pay invoices or sign off on designs.
10. Foster the relationship
Don’t just forget about your designer after you complete the project. It’s likely that you’ll want to make modifications down the line and at some point, you’re going to need to refresh the design or to launch a new version. That’s why it’s a good idea to stay in touch with your designer after the project is over in case you need to work with them again in the future. Besides, you should consider the fact that making updates to your website is critical because its environment frequently changes. Unless you’re working with a web designer to make upgrades and improvements a priority, your site will go stale and give your customers a bad experience.
Working with a web designer doesn’t have to be difficult. As with most forms of collaboration, communication is essential, so the best thing you can do is to stay open and transparent with your communication throughout the process. By following the ten tips in this article, you’ll be off to a good start.
Good luck – and enjoy your new website.
Want to work with a great web design firm?
We can provide custom web design, development, SEO and managed web hosting services for those who want to have a worry-free WordPress website. Contact us for a quote on your next project.
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The price for one hectare of hunting ground rose above EUR 2 at RMK’s hunting permit auction 28.03
“There was a lot of interest in this year’s auction and the bids from the hunters turned out to be nearly 1.35 times higher than the starting price,” noted Tiit Timberg, Member of the Management Board of RMK, adding that, besides the bid sum, the winner of the auction also has to pay for the hunting permits. The winner of the auction can hunt in the hunting district during one season, hunting game according to the prescribed age and gender ratio.
All rights, responsibilities and restrictions related to hunting will be specified in the contracts concluded with the winners of the auction. Tiit Timberg noted that effective owner supervision will be provided this hunting season as well, “RMK employees will make regular inspection visits to monitor that the hunting provisions are being followed correctly. RMK requires big game being hunted to be tagged with single-use, numbered and non-reusable tags. Also, immediately after catching the game and after the hunting permit runs out, the hunter has to send an SMS message to RMK’s message centre.”
According to Kalev Männiste, Hunting Chief Specialist at RMK, the average area of the hunting districts this year is 6,700 hectares with about a sixth of that being in private ownership. RMK will share the proceeds from the auction with the land owners on a proportional basis and thanks to successful sales this year it amounts, for the first time, to EUR 2 per hectare on average. This hunting year, RMK pays land owners who allow their registered immovables to be used for hunting the following fees per hunting district: Anguse EUR 1.13 per hectare, Jäärumetsa EUR 3.59 per hectare, Kilingi-Nõmme EUR 2.04 per hectare, Kuressaare EUR 4.99 per hectare, Nõva EUR 1.67 per hectare and Väätsa EUR 4.54 per hectare.
To advise RMK of your consent for the use of your private land for hunting purposes within the hunting areas managed by RMK, you need to e-mail to email@example.com a letter stating your name, the numbers of your registered immovables / cadastral units and the number of the bank account into which you would like the fee for the use of land holdings for hunting purposes to be deposited. Kindly advise RMK of your consent by 1 September 2013, at the latest. Owners of private land who provided their consent last hunting season need not renew it this year, unless the owner of the registered immovables has changed.
For detailed information on the auction, go to RMK’s website at www.rmk.ee/organisatsioon/kuulutused
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2023-10-02T09:08:24Z
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How to choose wisely when you have too many options – or how to best use TripAdvisor, Amazon, and Yelp?
Tom Vanderbilt’s column in Nautilus is preciously rich in some of the best notions in the psychology of choice. We have looked into them before, when it came to dating – are all good-looking people jerks?. This is a focus on choosing a place to stay, a thing to eat, or indeed anything that has reviews.
So pretty much everything nowadays.
In a nutshell:
- look at the average score and the number of reviews, but ignore individual ones,
- if you must read individual reviews, read the 3 or 4 star-reviews, they are most likely to be truthful,
- order the least appetising sounding thing on the menu at a restaurant – there must be a reason for which it’s there
- don’t second guess once you’ve made a choice – stick to it
- in fact, once you’ve chosen, continue to look at this option, you will like it more
For more examples and the science behind these tips, read through Tom’s main article on the always brilliant Nautilus.
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We’re parked on the banks of the mighty Mississippi River, binoculars at the ready, captivated by the mesmerizing ballet unfolding in the sky. Bald eagles spiral gracefully, flaunting their seven-foot wingspan as they skim the water’s surface before ascending skyward. As they plummet downward, talons stretched out to snatch an unsuspecting fish, we’re reminded of why these magnificent creatures have symbolized American resilience and liberty for generations. But there’s more to their story—a tale of near extinction, awe-inspiring recovery, and the conservation efforts that facilitated their return. And it’s a story that unfolds in all its feathered glory at the National Eagle Center in Wabasha, Minnesota.
About Bald Eagles
Bald Eagles are indigenous to North America and can be found from Alaska and Canada through the contiguous United States down to northern Mexico. And they are hard to miss, with an expansive wingspan ranging from 6 to 8 feet. Females typically weigh between 10 to 14 pounds, while males are slightly smaller, weighing 8 to 10 pounds.
The name “Bald Eagle” can seem like a bit of a misnomer. After all, eagles are not bald in the modern sense. Their white feathered heads only appear bald in contrast to the brownish-black body of a mature adult.* Instead, the name comes from an old English word, “balde,” meaning white. Which makes a little more sense.
Bald Eagles predominantly inhabit areas close to bodies of water, including lakes, rivers, marshes, and coasts. After all, Bald Eagles are primarily piscivorous, feeding mainly on fish either caught live or scavenged. They employ a “sit-and-wait” approach to hunting, utilizing high perches to spot their prey before swooping down to capture it with their talons. While fish make up the bulk of their diet, they are opportunistic feeders and will consume small mammals, other birds, and carrion when available.
Eagles and their Nations
Of course, these are characteristics shared with many eagles found around the world. These apex predators, known for their powerful talons, keen eyesight, and soaring flight, are also commonly evoked as symbols of national pride. The Golden Eagle, African Fish Eagle, Imperial Eagle, and White-tailed Eagle are used in heraldry and national symbols of their native lands.
Given the common trend of evoking national strength and majesty through eagle imagery, it is little surprise that the Bald Eagle was adopted as the national emblem for the United States of America in 1782. It appears on most official seals of the U.S. government, including the presidential seal, as well as on currency and various military insignias. And yet, its presence in the wild was not always a guarantee.
The Bald Eagle was once endangered due to habitat destruction and degradation, illegal shooting, and the contamination of its food source. Through a combination of public action and legislation, Bald Eagles and their habitats and food sources have been protected. In August 2007, the Bald Eagle was removed from the Endangered Species list and the population continues to grow. And a modest portion of that recovery can be attributed to the preservation, rehabilitation, and education efforts of the Nationa Eagle Center.
About the National Eagle Center
The National Eagle Center traces its roots to Eagle Watch, a group of Wabasha volunteers who converted an abandoned deck into a viewing platform for eagle enthusiasts in 1989. The program partnered with the City and State to expand its programming, culminating in May 2007 with the opening of a 14,200-square-foot interpretive center on the banks of the Mississippi in downtown Wabasha.
The location of the National Eagle Center is at the confluence of the Mississippi and Chippewa Rivers. The fast-running water of the Chippewa meets the slow-running expanse of the Mississippi, creating Lake Peppin. This body of water is unique because the Chippewa’s speed prevents the water from freezing over, even in the winter, making it an ideal location for eagles to fish year-round.
Visiting the National Eagle Center
Today, the National Eagle Center is split between two buildings in the old downtown of Wabasha, Minnesota. The main brick building looms over the banks of the Mississippi with two stories of educational displays, a viewing deck, a children’s play area, and (best of all) a room where visitors can get up close and personal with the Center’s ambassadors.
The ambassadors of the National Eagle Center are bald eagles who, for one reason or another, are permanent residents of the center. Along with education, the Center is a location for the rehabilitation of orphaned and injured bald eagles. But not all can completely heal and survive back in the wild. As unfortunate as their situation may be, we are fortunate to be able to share a room with three of them. Each ambassador has its own perch and water dish. We arrive too late to observe their midday feeding. But we get to ask questions of the Center’s representative and enjoy unparalleled proximity with these eagles.
Programs & Events
The second, and less noticeable building sits across from the main center, between Main Street and Big Jo Alley. This structure is predominantly used for presentations and programs run by the center. We arrived too late to get a ticket to an interpretive program with the Eagles. We recommend checking the website ahead of time for a daily events schedule so you can plan ahead.
Regardless, visiting the center is worthwhile, if only to have our experience of chatting with Center representatives, viewing the ambassadors, walking through the upstairs exhibits, and watching wild eagles sore above the Mississippi from the viewing platform. It is an immersive, educational, and enriching experience.
* Juvenile Bald Eagles lack the white head and tail feathers, attaining the characteristic adult plumage after about five years.
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KREATOR have released a new music video!
The new music video, for the track Strongest Of The Strong, is taken from the veteran German thrash metal band’s upcoming new album, Hate Über Alles, which is scheduled to be released in June this year.
The new song quite fittingly features renowned strongman and vegan advocate Patrik Baboumian who adds thundering backing vocals to the song’s chorus. Patrik also appears in the music video for the song as the comic book character Earthraiser who’s fighting for animals and nature. The video was directed by Tom Schlagkamp and shot in South Africa.
Speaking about the new song and its accompanying music video, vocalist/guitarist Mille Petrozza says, “Strongest Of The Strong represents every person on this planet who is striving to become a force of good in a world filled with a lot of bad. It’s a straightforward banger with a message that only one man could carry; his name is Patrik ‘Earthraiser’ Baboumian! Great working with him in the studio and on the music video, a man with a lot of shared values with my own. We hope you enjoy!”
Watch the official music video for Strongest Of The Strong here:
Hate Über Alles is set for release on June 3rd via Nuclear Blast Records. Pre-orders are available now and can be purchased here.
For more information on KREATOR like their official page on Facebook.
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They Deserve More Credit
Some bandmates shine brighter than the others but that doesn’t necessarily mean they’re better musicians. On the contrary, there are those who prefer to stay in the background but when you listen closely to their music, their contribution is simply invaluable. Without them, the group COULD crumble easily.
In every show, someone else is the star but the ‘secret weapon bandmates’ still bring so much to the table. Some of it go unnoticed but every loyal fan knows they are as indispensable as the more popular members. They may even be underrated artists in their respective fields – getting less credit and recognition than they actually deserve.
Thus, we are making a list dedicated to these sometimes-overlooked masters of their craft. If you have something to add, let us know in the comments.
10. Stewart Copeland (The Police)
Stewart Copeland is criminally underrated. All you need to do is watch him do his thing so you can witness his sheer brilliance as an innovative drummer. He had that groove and creativity to become the glue that held The Police together – sorry Sting superfans, that’s the truth.
Most people remember Sting’s melodies but let’s not forget Copeland’s unique drumming style.
“All these years I’ve spent trying to get that Stewart Copeland snare drum sound or that Stewart Copeland hi-hat sound and he sat down at this [drum kit] that was laying around with old heads on it… And all of a sudden there was that Stewart Copeland snare drum sound. It made me realize it’s all about how he attacks his drums, how he plays.” – Primus’ Les Claypool
No one can play like him because he may not be flashy but everything he does on drums is technically difficult. He didn’t follow anyone’s style instead, he created his own. He’s a rock powerhouse – his timing, precision and rhythm are incredible. It’s hard not to be impressed and blown away.
9. Ringo Starr (The Beatles)
Ringo Starr memes are all over the internet but perhaps his only misfortune is being a part of the biggest rock ‘n roll band of all time with bandmates who are multi-instrumentalists and prolific songwriters. Just imagine the pressure on him to be the best, keep up with the rockers, and essentially compete with other Kings of Slam.
Some say he’s overrated. But we beg to disagree. His drumming is an integral part of The Beatles’ sound. Besides, if he’s good enough for John Lennon, Paul McCartney and George Harrison, then he’s good enough for us.
“Everyone put me down—said that I couldn’t play. They didn’t realize that was my style and I wasn’t playing like anyone else—that I couldn’t play like anyone else.” – Ringo Starr
Ringo Starr’s brilliance was perfect for The Beatles. He has mad skills and is clearly a master of his craft. Anyone who thinks otherwise only needs to listen to The Fab Four’s songs – what would they be without Ringo’s rhythm and beat?
8. Izzy Stradlin (Gun’s n Roses)
He’s an underrated talent but he’s also the heart and soul of Guns ‘n Roses – no question about that. We know Axl Rose and Slash are always the first ones to come to mind when you think of the band but music-wise, Izzy Stradlin holds his own. He’s a rhythm guitar giant with that incredible feel and groove.
He’s not over-the-top or too flashy. In fact, perhaps it’s his simplistic style which adds more oomph to GnR’s music. Oh and let’s not forget his stellar songwriting skills too.
“The music I was into and wanted to play lent itself better to the guitar. I was always into hard stuff, the Ramones, the raw power that stuff had, the sound of the chords.” – Izzy Stradlin
He’s an essential part in crafting GnR’s sound especially in the early days – you can tell the difference without him. He makes great music – enough said.
7. Geezer Butler (Black Sabbath)
A creative bassist for sure, Geezer Butler knows how to slap that bass like an absolute madman which basically makes him perfect for the heavy sound of Black Sabbath. He has massive influence on other metal bassists and that only adds to his greatness.
Besides, anyone who has seen him live can attest to the fact that he’s far from your run-off-the-mill bassist.
“I don’t really listen to modern metal music these days. If you try and imitate you just look like an idiot. Especially at my age, if you try and catch up with what’s going on now it just doesn’t work. You’ve got to be true to yourself and play what you like doing.” – Geezer Butler
Being in a band with one of the greatest guitar players in the world, Tony Iommi, you need to step up your game to keep up. Geezer Butler did that and more. Although he may slip under the radar, his contribution to Black Sabbath’s music is undeniable.
6. John Deacon (Queen)
Here’s the thing – when you’re in a band with Freddie Mercury, you will never ever share the limelight with him. Fading into the background is not exactly a bad thing because well, it’s just a universal truth. Freddie Mercury is Queen – he’s the one who took their Live Aid performance to the next level and secured their spot in the rock ‘n roll pantheon. But…
John Deacon has his shining moments too although most of them go unnoticed.
“If I’d just been a bass player all my life with the band, I wouldn’t be as satisfied as I am because I only consider that as part of what I do. The songwriting and being involved in the decision making processes means I’ve been able to have a part in the bands destiny.” – John Deacon
He was quietly doing his job and he did it with such passion. He might be somewhat invisible (all eyes were always on Freddie Mercury) but his bass lines were nothing short of stellar. He’s a pretty shy musician but he’s a beast in the bass.
5. Cliff Burton (Metallica)
Okay for the record, we have nothing against Lars Ulrich (HA.HA.) but he’s far from being Metallica’s secret weapon. Cliff Burton, on the other hand, is an entirely different story. He was gone too soon but if he were still alive today, we can only imagine how much bigger the legendary band could have been.
He was masterful of his craft and he was what Metallica’s sound was all about.
“My favourite song is Master. I think it’s the best Metallica song yet. The lyrics are getting a lot better.” – Cliff Burton on his favorite track from ‘Master of Puppets’
He had technical prowess and the man was so dang fast. He is one of the most talented and gifted musicians to ever pick up a bass guitar. And it makes us wonder what he would’ve thought of “St. Anger” and if Metallica would even end up releasing that much-hated album had Burton been around.
4. Richard Wright (Pink Floyd)
Another quiet member of the band who lets his playing do the talking. Besides, all you have to do is listen to “Echoes” to understand what we mean. He may not be the greatest lyricist in the band but he was undeniably the soul of Pink Floyd.
It’s unfair that he remains underrated and with all his sheer brilliance, he still didn’t get the recognition he richly deserved.
“He was gentle, unassuming and private but his soulful voice and playing were vital, magical components of our most recognised Pink Floyd sound.” – David Gilmour on Richard Wright
Pink Floyd owes a large part of their success to Richard Wright. Incredible skills and soulful playing – he was an influential and iconic virtuoso. His work is simply phenomenal and he was way ahead of his time. Listen to some of Pink Floyd’s epic tracks, it was him who created the atmosphere of the songs.
3. Alex Lifeson (Rush)
His style, range and versatility – Alex Lifeson knows how to make his guitar sing. This is the man responsible for some of the greatest riffs in rock music. He remains unmatched in the axeslinging department and his solos are groovy but complicated.
Alex Lifeson is the backbone of the power trio. He’s daring and unafraid – and that’s perhaps why he remains an influential figure in rock. He pours his heart into those blistering riffs and while those unforgettable solos make up a huge part in Rush’s sound, he remains modest.
“We don’t allow each other to get to haughty, you know? We’ve always, from the very beginning, wanted to be the best musicians we could be, and to be the best band that we could be. We’ve always pushed ourselves, and it’s been a natural evolution.” – Alex Lifeson
And yet, he still displayed humility. Talent-wise though, without question, Alex Lifeson is a rock god.
2. John Paul Jones (Led Zeppelin)
He’s an underrated musician even though he belongs in one of the greatest rock ‘n roll bands of all time. Perhaps it’s because Robert Plant, Jimmy Page and John Bonham all had their ‘showing off’ moments. JPJ, like the other ones on this list, are almost always in the background. The rest of his bandmates often get the credit (not that they don’t deserve it) but let’s be honest, he’s just as talented.
“John Paul Jones and I were very good friends. … I gave [him] harmony lessons, believe it or not.” – John McLaughlin
JPJ did much for Led Zeppelin – he was more than a bassist. He also helps with arrangements and even occasionally plays the keyboards and guitars. Still, somehow, when people think of the band, they think of Plant or Bonzo or Page.
He’s a virtuoso and his bass lines are nothing short of exceptional. Just ask Plant and Page.
1. John Entwistle (The Who)
John Entwistle was way ahead of his time. Whoever you favorite bassist is, chances are, he’s been influenced directly or indirectly by Entwistle. He’s easily the greatest bass player to ever walk the earth. Besides, he had to keep up with Moon the Loon. That in itself is already quite an accomplishment.
He didn’t slam his guitar like Pete Townshend or set off explosives in his instrument like Keith Moon but it was clear that The Who’s sound had so much to do with Entwistle’s playing.
“The only thing I tried to avoid was writing six more songs about death, suicides and creepy-crawly things.” – John Entwistle
He was the quiet one of the band. But when you’re sandwiched between two larger-than-life personalities who seem to enjoy destroying everything in sight after each performance, you don’t always get noticed. Still, he makes playing those melodic bass lines look so easy. The man was overflowing with talent.
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In the New Year, King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp and his vocalist wife Toyah Willcox continue doing their “Sunday Lunch” shows. The duo covers The Offspring’s “The Kids Aren’t Alright” in the latest episode of the famous YouTube series.
Toyah dances behind Fripp, chanting the song’s dismal lyrics and twirling a wind-blown silk scarf about. At one moment, the scarf is draped comically over Fripp’s head as he is still playing guitar.
“The Kids Aren’t Alright” debuted at No. 6 on the Alternative Rock chart and No. 11 on the Mainstream Rock chart on The Offspring’s 1998 album, Americana. While no specific dates or towns have been revealed, Toyah and Robert want to do a tour for their “Sunday Lunch” performances this year.
With their versions of rock classics, the duo has amassed millions of views on YouTube. Their cover of Metallica’s “Enter Sandman” has received over 8 million views.
Watch Robert Fripp and Toyah play “The Kids Aren’t Alright” by The Offspring below.
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On Behalf of Mayor Norman, Deputy Mayor Reid, Councillors and Staff,
We would like to say Thank You to Minister Susan Sullivan for attending and being the Guest Speaker at the Senior’s Supper and Roast to Mr. Earl Pilgrim.
Thank You to:
• Everyone who attended
• All guest of the Head Table; Mr. & Mrs. Earl Pilgrim, Ms. Julie Nichols, Mrs. Violet Decker, and Mr. Rudy Porter
• Ms. Shelley Abbott and Mr. Scott Barfood
• Mr. Earl Pilgrim for agreeing to part of this event
• Pastor Pinksen
• Mr. John Fitzpatrick, Mr. Enos Adams and Mrs. Mary Adams for the Entertainment
• Mr. Hollis Cull
• Mr. Mervin Pilgrim
• Mr. Andrew May
• Town Staff
• Individuals who stayed behind and helped to clean up
I would also like to say Thank You to Lumberjack’s Landing for the wonderful meal, Mayor Norman & Deputy Mayor Reid , Mrs. Denise Adams and Mrs. Eunice Fillier and all other employees for the work they put into the event to make it a success. If I have forgotten someone please accept my sincerely apologize and we Thank you for your contribution.
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I am an Italian-Argentinean bread advertiser who has developed graphic and web design skills through the last 8 years.
I am passionate about design in digital era,
Detail-oriented and creative, skilled at developing new websites, creating banners, EDMS and rich media banners. I would say, growing up along with Internet, helped me to get into digital world from the beginning of my career.
I could become a web designer from a graphic one, adjust my advertising skills into digital marketing.
I have been traveling for a while (lived in Denmark, Italy, New Zealand and currently settled in Australia) and although I could not work on my field locally, I could adjust to new cultures, languages, environments, and even jobs…sort of ones that I have never thought I was up to do.
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The Etruscan church on the hillside near Tuscania (the Chiesa di S. Pietro) in the province of Viterbo, Lazio, was used for four principal settings in the movie: (i) the interior scenes for the Cathedral in Verona; (ii) the interior to the convent church and Friar Laurence’s cell; (iii) Friar John’s departure for Mantua; and (iv) the interior scenes for the Capulets’ crypt.
To the right of the church are the two towers (the Lavello Towers), the perimeter of which was used as the convent garden.
In particular, the interior for the church was used for filming:
Scene 25: The Nurse meets Romeo to arrange the marriage (nave)
Scene 28: The marriage of Romeo and Juliet (nave and sanctuary)
Scene 48: As part of Friar Laurence’s cell
The garden outside the adjacent Lavello Towers was used for filming:
Scene 23: The convent garden outside the walls of Verona where Friar Laurence picks his medicinal herbs
The exterior of the church was used for filming:
Scene 50: Friar John departs for Mantua
The crypt of the church was used for filming:
Scenes 62, 64 and 66: Capulets’ crypt
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Work with your favorite Designers, anywhere in the world! Explore their Style, Pricing & Reviews. Book & collaborate - entirely online.
Here’s the Plan
Find your Designer
Book Favorite Designer
Collaborate on Vision
Get E-Design & Shop!
What is E-Design?
Just what you’re thinking – Interior Design services offered online! With E-Design, clients can get their favorite Designers to expertly design their space, with clear guidance on where to shop the Products & how set it up on their own. E-Design is an affordable approach to creating fabulous spaces!
Get your dream home, designed by your favorite designer, anywhere across the world!
Visit Client FAQs for more
1. Find your Designer
If you have a favorite – simply search! 🙂
Or you can take our Style Quiz – and we’ll match you with our Top Designers!
2. Book your Favorite
Book a Personalized Single or Multi-Room Package with your Favorite Designer! Find your Bookings in your Dashboard!
Want something custom made for you? Read more about Custom Orders in our FAQ section.
4. Collaborate 1:1
Discuss your vision, needs, likes, dislikes – everything! Communicate freely and frequently to get the Best results!
5. Get Personalized E-Design & more
Login to Download the final Deliverables (E-Design, Shopping list & other Add-ons) you booked. Shop at your own pace.
Real Client Projects
We exclusively Empower Small Businesses
Unlike large Design houses, every designer on RoomPlays represents a Women-led Interior Design & Home Decorating Small Businesses. With small businesses comes Attention to Detail and a Higher Quality of Service.
See some of the most glorious transformations completed by our Top Designers !
We exclusively Empower Small Businesses
RoomPlays is built to empower Women-led Small Businesses. We are run by a Woman of Color. Every Designer on RoomPlays is either as an Independent Designer and/or Design Influencers.
Watch this short video by our Founder & CEO Deb Dutta about how RoomPlays is empowering the Creator Economy, enabling Independent Women-led Small Business Interior Designers & Design Influencers across the world.
Frequently Asked Questions
All our Designers offer Personalized E-Design (Virtual Interior Design) services. The Base price on their listing is the Flat Fee they charge to provide you with a Personalized E-Design of your space, either in 2D or 3D, tailored to your preferences. This usually includes a Shopping List of the main set of products included in the Design. The designer does their best to fit your budget, use products from your favorite stores.
For more curated services such as Paint, Wall paper, Floor Plan etc, you can book their Add-Ons or request a completely Custom Order. You can also message the designer through their profile if you have any questions before booking.
E-Design is Interior Design services offered online! Hiring Traditional Interior Designers can cost $2000 – $7000 - because usually professionally sourcing and installing furniture can be pretty expensive.
With E-Design, clients can get professional Interior Designers to expertly Design their space, with clear guidance on where to shop the Products & recreate that exact design in your own home, on their own. E-Design is an affordable approach to creating fabulous spaces!
Once you place the booking, you can begin Collaborating 1:1 with your Designer via messages/calls - which ever method you and the designer prefer. Discuss your Vision, share pictures, measurements of your space, any existing Pinterest boards that reflect your style, specific lifestyle needs (such as living with kids, pets, aging parents, preference for sustainable materials) etc.
Share your budget and favorite online stores, so the designer has a better idea about your preferences. The Designer will take into consideration all your requirements and provide you with a Personalized E-Design of your space ( in 2D or 3D, depending on the Design service booked). This is usually accompanied with an online shopping list (with links) to the main products used in the design. If you booked any add-ons, those will be delivered as well.
All these will typically be delivered to you via the booking page - where you can download the deliverables. Armed with the design & shopping list, you can shop at your own pace and recreate the exact Design in your home!
Yes. After you get the Design & Shopping list from Designer, you can slowly buy the products (even wait for Sales) and Enjoy the process of putting your Dream space together, at your own pace!
Affordable - Typically hiring an interior designer to come personally and install the products can be very expensive ($2000 - $7000).
No Hidden costs - no need to verify receipts. Designers usually don't share this information due to confidentiality agreements with vendors.
Absolutely! The easiest way is to click "Start My Project" - which starts with a quick Style Quiz, gathers your requirements and matches you with our Best Designers!
Click on your Profile icon (top right) and go to your Orders. You can find all your latest and past projects here.
In case you don't see it, it means that our system is still processing the payment. You can email us if this takes over 24 hours, but it usually never happens.
You can also access your Dashboard, Invoice and other details from the same menu.
Custom Orders: IF you'd like to request a Designer to tailor a Design service based on your specific needs - such as a Living Room Design with Open Concept with Kitchen Island and Breakfast Nook, you can place a custom order.
Description: Specify what you are requesting
Budget (USD): Propose how much you are willing to pay
Time of Delivery (in days): How quickly you need it (7 days or 10 days?)
You may receive a counter offer from the Designer.
Simply click on the New Offer to accept and checkout. You will be redirected to complete the payment and will receive confirmation once the booking has been placed.
To watch the video, click Settings HD button on Youtube and set Quality to 1080p)
No. RoomPlays is a marketplace with Designers offering a variety of services at various pricepoints. Some Designers offer a full E-Design + unlimited Revisions + Shopping list within $50, whole some others will offer 3D Renderings along with 1 Revision + Shopping List for $100. Please review the Designers listing and feel free to contact them before booking.
Yes! You can vet your designer by contacting them through their Profile. Pick your favorite and place your booking with confidence
YES! We recently launched the Multi-Room package, and you can browse Designer's multiple-room packages by selecting the "Multi-Room Package" category.
You can select "Any 2 Rooms" or "Any 3 Rooms" etc and choose your favorite. Again, please contact Designer directly to confirm any questions you have before booking.
Not all Designers offer 3D renderings, but will definitely offer the Concept boards which will be more affordable and are helpful if you don't need a photo-realistic view of your exact space. Designers who Offer 3D indicate that in their profiles and Service names.
Most Designers will specify if they charge additionally for extra revisions. However, it is always a good idea to check with Designer before placing your booking.
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Are you looking for a way to make your home more personalized and unique? A great way is by adding a customized garage door. Garage doors come in many different sizes, colors, and styles to fit all your needs and likes.
At Rose Quality Garage Door, we offer residential custom garage door installation in Nashville, TN with your favorite design or color scheme that will make your house stand out from all the others on the block!
Check Out Our Breathtaking Models
A Classy Look With The Carriage Collection
If you want that classic postcard look on your house, the Carriage Collection is perfect for you. These doors come in very neutral and bold colors that will give your home a warm and inviting image.
From a snow-white to walnut brown, these garage doors will lighten up your home and steal views. Both short and long panels are available to create the definition and depth you desire for your home structure to look the best.
A Million Dollar Home With Clopay
If you want your house to look like a million dollars, the Clopay doors are the best choice. These will increase your property value, making it great if you ever need to make some money out of it. Our models available include:
- Classic Collection Value Series
- Avante Collection
- Canyon Ridge Collection
- Coachman Collection
- Gallery Collection
- Grand Harbor Collection
- Modern Steel Collection
- Classic Collection Values Series 1&2
The Fancy Touch You Need With The Homestead Collection
If you’re looking for a touch of elegance, the Homestead Collection will do the job. These are hand-crafted garage doors that won’t split or crack as wooden doors do. For extra strength and weather sealing, each section is manufactured with tongue and groove rails. The hot-dipped galvanized steel in this style makes it corrosion and rust-resistant.
You can find these doors in 8 different panel styles and 6 different types of garage windows. You can also choose to add glass windows from our 8 styles available for this model, which will add more light and style to your home.
Look Modern And Stylish With The Legacy Collection
This garage door design has a modern American home style. Both long and short panels are available with shadows lines that create more definition and depth in your home style. All doors in this collection include an aluminum bottom seal retainer and a vinyl bottom weather seal for your safety and comfort.
We have 10 amazing and bold colors available, from greyscale tones to a beautiful walnut brown. We have 9 different glass windows available for this style, which are always a good option to give that extra visual you want.
The Highest Quality Only With Pro Door
Premium quality, durability, and environmentally friendly describe the Pro Door garage doors. They’re available in beautiful 3-section panels that will ensure you with strength and diversity from other homes. We’ve got the following collections for you to choose from:
- Craft Series
- Kanata Collection
- Pro Door Residential Collection
Be The Envy Of Your Neighborhood
Our customized garage doors in Nashville, TN will make your neighbors look twice at your home. At Rose Quality Garage Doors, we have been offering garage door installation services for over a decade thanks to our work with only the best brands on the market. Our technicians are constantly being trained with the latest techniques and tendencies in the residential garage door industry to ensure you get the best service.
Choose your brand and design from our catalog on our website https://rosequalitygaragedoors.com/ and get in touch with us to begin the process of becoming the most desired home in your street.
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Good to see David Jones at lunch on Wednesday 24 May.
President Adrian accoladed Past President David Jones AO OBE on his 52 years of dedicated service when he attended the meeting on Wednesday 24 May. David had recently celebrated his 87th birthday and is our longest serving member who celebrated 50 years at our Club on the actual day of our Centenary in 2021, having been inducted on the Club’s 50th Anniversary in 1971. David connects us to our Club founders being our only remaining member who was a member at the same time as the remaining charter member of our Club – Tom Lothian. Significantly, David was Club President when the International Convention was last held in Melbourne 30 years ago in 1993.
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2023-10-02T08:29:15Z
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On March 1st, 2020, e-commerce platforms and IP owners signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) in Manila to improve prevention of counterfeit sales on ecommerce platforms. The MOU was jointly prepared by The Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL) and the UK’s UK Prosperity Fund ASEAN Economic Reform/FSIP project.
This initiative brings together e-commerce platforms and IP owners, establishing a code of practice among online marketplaces and an efficient notice and takedown procedure which aims to intensify the fight against the sale of counterfeit/pirated goods over the internet.
IPOPHL reported that counterfeiting and piracy complaints surged to a record-high in 2020. The data is closely monitored through its IP Rights Enforcement Office, show that apparently 90% of complaints relate to online infringements.
The MOU commits platforms to respond in a timely manner, and IP owners commit to taking swift Notice & Takedowns steps in attempt to stop counterfeits at sources. This of course, includes a feedback mechanism too.
This is the second MOU in the region after the Thai one signed in January (see here). E-commerce is booming in the region of Southeast Asia, with COVID-19 exacerbating a shift from retail to online purchasing. IP owners and platforms are overwhelmed by the volumes of IP infringements. MOUs are a self regulation tool that allows improvements to a bare regulatory regime which cannot adapt quickly enough to the boom in digital trade. Over time more MOUs are likely and perhaps even updates will occur as new issues arise. The eventual hope is that ASEAN will pick this issue up at regional level.
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If you’re looking to change your router login password, you’ve come to the right place. In this article, we’ll show you how to change your router login password in just a few simple steps. Whether you’re looking to change your password for security reasons or simply because you’ve forgotten it, we’ll show you how to do it.
How to Change Your Router Login Password
Most routers come with a default username and password. The username is usually “admin” and the password is either “password” or “1234.” If you’ve never changed your router’s password, then it’s probably still using the default. That means anyone can log in and change your router’s settings, including the Wi-Fi password.
To change your router’s login password:
1. Open a web browser and type your router’s IP address into the address bar. The IP address is usually something like 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1.
2. Press Enter. You should see a login page.
3. Enter the username and password for your router. If you’ve never changed them, then the defaults should work.
4. Click the Login button.
5. Once you’re logged in, look for a section called “Password” or “Security.”
6. Enter your new password in the appropriate field.
7. Click the Save button.
Your router’s login password has now been changed.
How to Change Your Router IP Address
Most routers have a web interface. To change your router’s IP address:
1. Open your router’s web interface. This can be done by typing the IP address of your router into your web browser’s address bar.
2. Log in to your router. This is usually done with a username and password.
3. Find the page where you can change your router’s IP address. This is typically in the “Network” or “Advanced” section of the web interface.
4. Change your router’s IP address to something else. It’s usually best to pick an address that is outside of the range of IP addresses that your ISP assigns to customers. For example, if your ISP assigns addresses in the range of 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.255, you could pick an address like 192.168.2.1 or 192.168.3.1.
5. Save your changes and reboot your router for the new IP address to take effect.
How to Change Your Router’s Default Password
It’s important to change your router’s default password to something more secure. If you don’t, anyone within range of your router can access your network and any devices connected to it.
Here’s how to change your router’s default password:
1. Open your browser and type in your router’s IP address. This will usually be something like 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1.
2. You’ll be prompted for a username and password. The default username is usually admin, but the password will be different for each router. If you don’t know your router’s password, consult your router’s documentation or do a web search for it.
3. Once you’re logged in, look for a section labeled “Security” or “Wireless Security.”
4. Under the “Password” or “Key” field, enter a new password. Make sure it’s something strong and difficult to guess.
5. Save your changes and log out.
That’s it! Your router’s password has been changed and is now more secure.
How to Find Your Router’s IP Address
Your router’s IP address is the “gateway” into your home network. Knowing your router’s IP address is important for being able to access the router’s web-based management interface.
There are a few different ways to find your router’s IP address:
1. Check the router’s manual. The IP address should be listed in the documentation that came with your router.
2. Run the IPCONFIG command. This command is available on Windows and will give you a list of all the IP addresses assigned to devices on your network, including your router. To run IPCONFIG, open a command prompt and type “ipconfig.”
3. Look for the default gateway. The default gateway is usually your router’s IP address. To find it, open a command prompt and type “route print.” The default gateway will be listed next to the word “Gateway.”
Once you know your router’s IP address, you can access the web-based management interface by typing the IP address into a web browser.
How to Login to a Router
Assuming you’re using a Windows computer, the process for logging into a router is as follows:
1. Open your web browser and type in the router’s IP address. This can usually be found on the underside of the router.
2. Enter the username and password for the router. These are usually both “admin” by default.
3. Click OK or Login to access the router’s interface.
Once you’re logged in, you should be able to change any settings you need to.
How to Reset Your Router
If you’re experiencing issues with your home internet, one of the first things you can do is try resetting your router. Here’s how:
1. Unplug your router from its power source.
2. Wait a few seconds, then plug it back in.
3. Once it’s finished booting up, try using the internet again.
If resetting your router doesn’t work, you may need to contact your ISP for further assistance.
What is a Router?
A router is a network device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. A data packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute the internetwork until it reaches its destination node.
A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet to determine its ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.
The primary function of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets between them. Routers use headers and forwarding tables to determine where to send packets. They use protocols such as the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to learn about the state of the network and to find the best path for forwarding packets.
What is a Router’s Default Password?
A router’s default password is the password that is assigned to the router when it is first installed. This password is typically assigned by the manufacturer of the router, and it is usually printed on a label on the router. The default password is typically admin or password.
What is a Router’s IP Address?
A router’s IP address is the numerical label assigned to a device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. IP addresses are usually written in decimal notation and separated by periods.
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Feet on the footboard | Faster Masters Rowing Radio
Feet on the footboard | Tips, advice and discussion from Marlene Royle and Rebecca Caroe.
– How the foot pressure changes through the rowing stroke.
– Drills to practice foot connection
Sponsor www.UniDragon.com colourful puzzle Christmas gift. Get a 10% discount using the coupon ROWING841
Support this show with a donation
01:00 This Past Week – what we do to advocate for masters rowing.
We will be speaking at the US Rowing Convention (virtual) on An Inclusive Vision for the Future of Masters Rowing.
06:40 How the foot pressure changes through the rowing stroke.
The goal is to move the oar handle using the kinetic chain.
Pushing onto the heels during the power phase. The heel connection happens naturally.
If you push with quads to initiate then as you add the heels it transfers into the glutes.
15:00 Drills to practice foot connection
Focus on the last third of the drive – activate the heels and glutes
At the end of the drive phase, do you point your toes? or keep heels down?
Keeping the suspension and stying up through the drive is best.
19:00 Get the right size shoes – if your calves hit the deck.
Shoes and foot flexion during the drive phase are important. The carbon sole rowing shoe helps your foot perform better – allows your toes to spread as pressure comes onto the feet.
27:00 Bont Rowing offer – will be shared with everyone on our newsletter list this week
Head across to this link: https://shop.bontrowing.com/account/register?fastermaster
(this link will redirect to AUD, USD or Euro depending on location)
– Create an account.
– Check email and verify account.
– Browse the range, select products and add to cart.
– Head to checkout and use account email. Discount of 15% will be automatically applied.
28:00 Feet on the erg – do they come away from the foot stretcher?
29:00 More Drills to practice foot connection
– Rowing quarter slide from the release. Try to stand up in your shoes
– Feet out rowing and square blades. Note where you lose pressure on your feet and try to move the timing closer to the finish.
– Timing the release off your foot pressure. when you lose connection, take the oar out of the water.
– Can you hold the foot pressure as you make the turn around the finish?
– Recovery when you start to square, make sure you ave a good connection with the foot stretcher
– Row one foot in the shoe and one out – are they different? Swap.
37:00 Caryn Davies recommended rowing on the erg feet out for all rates lower than 26.
Adjust the heel cup height – does it give you better contact?
Equal pressure on blade – feet – handle through the stroke
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to get things done
Experience, Commitment & Collaboration
Our team has been working on behalf of our clients to create impactful marketing materials for over 50 years. That longevity means we have a deep well of experience to draw from. We also have a passion to learn and adapt to today’s emerging technologies. The things that inspire you are the same things that inspire us.
Through collaboration with our clients and a commitment to quality, we are dedicated to using our experience to help you achieve the best possible results for your marketing communications. Give us a call today.
See how your work will look on different paper stocks.
A Note from Royer
Printing has always been a part of our family. My father, Royer C. Schwartz, managed a large printing company for over thirty years. When he retired, he approached me to see if I had any interest in starting a new business. He suggested we open a copy center; it was 1968. At the time it was an innovative idea and we saw immediate success.
With the help of my father’s knowledge we soon expanded our services to include two color printing and soon after, full color offset printing. In the early 2000’s digital color printing was introduced. Even back then we were always interested in learning the latest technologies and we jumped at the chance to expand RoyerComm even further. We have always believed it was vital for RoyerComm to seek out the latest changes in equipment and technology. It continues to excite us today.
As we have grown, we have expanded our services even further to include: mailing and fulfillment, large format printing, trade show displays, promotional products and online procurement through custom marketing portals.
What really sets us apart, is our amazing team. Experienced, knowledgeable and passionate. They are always willing to go the extra mile for our clients. I am eternally grateful for what they do.
Today my daughter Amanda and son Eric run the day-to-day operations of RoyerComm. In a short time they have both shown their talents and leadership capabilities. Eric quickly became the lead salesperson and Amanda has taken control of our operations. I am proud of them both, and I feel confident that with their leadership, RoyerComm will continue to be a leader in our industry for years to come.
– Royer Schwartz
Request a Quote
Over the years we have accumulated a lot of knowledge about how to create compelling impactful marketing communications. We are here to answer any questions you might have or offer guidance to help take your project from good to GREAT! Give us a call today.
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The Unique Value and Experience of Being A Young RSSA (It’s not just for older professionals!)
Welcome to episode #33 of Social Security: Answers From The Experts with Martha Shedden. In this episode Martha sits down with Melissa Warren and Thomas Drapala and they discuss what it’s like to work at NARSSA, how they help financial professionals, and details about what their program offers.
Melissa is a Senior Analyst at NARSSA, she works with clients to address their unique claiming situations. She also is a contributor to the coursework to earn the RSSA designation. Coming from a background in engineering, she is passionate about the problem-solving aspect of Social Security. She is a graduate of the University of Utah.
Thomas Drapala is an RSSA Client Relations Manager at NARSSA and an expert at explaining Social Security rules and claiming options to clients. He is instrumental in creating and updating the many RSSA Resources available for registered members to help them succeed with their clients. Tom is a determined researcher on obscure Social Security rules. He is a graduate of Long Island University.
Here is what to expect on this week’s show:
● A look at Tom & Melissa’s background and why they decided to work at NARSSA.
● A look at how Tom & Melissa help their clients, explained in a way anyone can understand.
● What does someone receive from investing in an education from NARSSA that couldn’t be gained on their own?
● The advantages of Tom & Melissa’s youth, even though their job is related to retirement.
● What one should know about how Social Security and retirement planning work for those who are self employed.
● The advantages for financial professionals who work with one who is an RSA.
● What one has to go through to become accredited from NARSSA.
● Advice for retirement planning for younger people who haven’t really thought about it much yet.
Connect with Tom, Melissa or RSSA:
📊 Get a customized Social Security plan. Start with a complimentary 10-minute consultation with our team of Registered Social Security Analysts.
➡️ Financial Advisors and Accountants – Become an RSSA and discover how Social Security expertise can unlock massive opportunities for your practice.
Sign up now – https://www.narssa.org/registration/?pro
Schedule a Call – https://calendly.com/narssa/become-an-rssa
✔ Download our White Paper: Social Security Expertise, the Next New Trend for Financial Professionals.
⚠️ Questions about the RSSA Social Security Education & Training for Financial Professionals & Advisors?
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Life as a Commercial Painter – Global World of Business
In most cases, commercial painters are hired to tackle the task. It is typical for these teams to become pretty large in order to get enough man power to acquire the job done efficiently. Within this informative article you may see exactly what it would want to become considered a industrial painter.
Commercial painters are tasked with deciding on the appropriate paint (both type and color), suitable decorative finishes, together with flooring coatings. Commercial painters commonly take over jobs which have only been completed with a construction corporation, like painting a recently developed office complex. Duties can include but are not limited by filling cracks with plaster, covering surfaces together with sheets to reduce harm, sanding rough surfaces, painting, and then clean-up once the project will be over.
Commercial painting entails using extended-length pliers, special kinds of brushes, together with spray guns to remain efficient at work. It is likewise expected that every person about the team is familiar with the state and local regulations. jrxwd1bx2v.
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Congratulations to our own Jon Rufty on being given a CEO of the Year Award by Triangle Business Journal!
Jon says, "It's an honor to be given this award by an esteemed Triangle publication. To be recognized as one of the top CEOs in the area means a lot to me and I look forward to continuing to work hard with our team throughout this year and beyond."
Triangle Business Journal put together a short video profiling Jon that you can watch here.
Experience a thoughtfully refined approach to custom home building with a friendly team devoted to achieving your dreams. With Rufty Homes, you’re assured of a gracious, tailored home building experience defined by distinctive beauty, timeless value and pure joy.
“It truly is the home of our dreams. It’s where we spend time together, make memories with our kids and grandchildren, and fulfill our life’s passions. I can’t recommend the Rufty Homes team enough if you’re looking for your own forever home.”
- Frank & Barbara
“Of course we’ll be working with Rufty again on all of our future projects, including a fourth home on the property for our youngest daughter, when she’s ready.”
- Danny & Renate
“There was never a question that they were putting our needs first and they were always honest with us.”
- Chad & Caroline
“After our first meeting with Rufty Homes, it was clear that they understood our goals and were on board some of the more unique aspects that were important to us.”
- Bill & Donna
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Brian O’Driscoll Has His Say On The Lions Captaincy & Coaching Team
Latest posts by Will Matthews (see all)
- Rassie Erasmus hits back following Ian Foster comments on Ireland vs Springboks - October 1, 2023
- Ireland confirm remarkable update on prop Cian Healy - September 30, 2023
- All Blacks boss Ian Foster makes bizarre Ireland vs Springboks comments - September 30, 2023
Brian O’Driscoll has backed Welsh lock Alun Wyn Jones for the Lions captaincy in 2017.
The towering lock remains third favourite for the job at the bookies behind Wales captain Sam Warburton and England skipper Dyan Hartley.
The Former Leinster, Ireland and Lions captain, O’Driscoll told the Daily Telegraph:
“Alun Wyn has lots of experience. He captained the final game in 2013.
“He’s got a huge engine. I like him as a player.
“And Gats knows him. So I think he’ll be in the mix.
I know the second row of [George] Kruis and [Maro] Itoje looks great but I wouldn’t be surprised to see Itoje brought as a second row/back row option.”
Jones captained the Lions in the final test against Australia in the absence of Warburton, guiding his side to a memorable series test win.
Gatland is poised to name his backroom team next month and O’Driscoll has also backed Ireland defence coach Andy Farrell.
I think he has been incredibly influential,” O’Driscoll said.
“I have spoken to the boys and the very first session that he took they were incredibly excited about what he was saying, the enthusiasm that he had.
“The boys who were on the Lions tour in 2013 said he had brought his coaching to another level since then.
“When you give responsibility for defence to one person, I think it only adds value to the team because they are so focused.
“You have seen it with Wales for many years with Shaun [Edwards]. They get excited about how their defence goes. Attack for them is an added bonus but how their defence responds in a game is how they earn their crust.”
Who do you think should captain the Lions next year?
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Busgate Has Struck Ireland Yet Again Ahead Of Their Final Test With Australia
Latest posts by Will Matthews (see all)
- Rassie Erasmus hits back following Ian Foster comments on Ireland vs Springboks - October 1, 2023
- Ireland confirm remarkable update on prop Cian Healy - September 30, 2023
- All Blacks boss Ian Foster makes bizarre Ireland vs Springboks comments - September 30, 2023
Ireland’s preparations have been dealt a blow ahead of this morning’s final Test with Australia due to a road closure that caused Ireland’s bus to arrive 15 minutes late to the Allianz Stadium.
You might remember this happened Ireland ahead of their shock opening day defeat to Scotland at Murrayfield in the 2017 Six Nations. Schmidt noted after that game that they arrived eight minutes late, throwing off his incredibly meticulous preparations.
Hopefully we won’t see a similar outcome today with the bus being almost twice as late this time, but Schmidt once again is furious with what has happened ahead of such a crucial fixture.
Apparently the change of route for the Irish team bus was due to a protest. Meant it took 30 minutes and 15 minutes late. My taxi driver did it in 15. Mins you, he did some neat moves and fairly shifted!
— Gerry Thornley (@gerrythornley) June 23, 2018
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Watch: Emotional Final Haka By Former All Blacks At Jonah Lomu Memorial
Latest posts by Will Matthews (see all)
- Rassie Erasmus hits back following Ian Foster comments on Ireland vs Springboks - October 1, 2023
- Ireland confirm remarkable update on prop Cian Healy - September 30, 2023
- All Blacks boss Ian Foster makes bizarre Ireland vs Springboks comments - September 30, 2023
Thousands of fans gathered at Eden Park as Jonah Lomu’s former team-mates gave him a very special farewell.
Tributes were paid to New Zealand rugby great Jonah Lomu at an emotional memorial service inside Eden Park stadium in Auckland on Monday.
Former players, family and thousands of fans gathered to say goodbye as the men Lomu shared the All Black jersey with performed one final haka amid incredible scenes.
The emotional war dance was led by the great Buck Shelford alongside the likes of Tana Umaga, John Kirwan and Jeff Wilson.
World Rugby chairman Bernard Lapasset led the tributes to the former All Blacks winger, who died of a rare kidney condition at the age of 40 earlier this month.
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April 18, 2019
Wow, it’s almost Easter.
Easter is this Sunday.
It reminds me of the days of Easter baskets filled with chocolate bunnies,
yellow and pink peeps, and picnics with family.
That is Easter to me.
When I was little, we always went up to the mountain meadows
to have a picnic dinner.
We would do an egg hunt out in the sage brush and look
to discover what the Easter Bunny had left for us.
When at home with family and friends over for dinner
it’s always nice to make things in the house as convenient
and quaint as possible.
Since I like the rustic and refound,
I like to repurpose or up-cycle items.
In this case I like a little creative reuse of old stirrups.
Yep. I brought them in the house!
Instead of throwing old stirrups out, repurpose or up-cycle them!
This is just a simple project.
Everyone is familiar with the less is more concept.
I also like things uncomplicated.
I like simple projects that take a few minutes
and achieves such a personal touch.
I like to decorate my home with unique and personal pieces.
This is a fun way to use the rustic and refound.
Give your house some rustic western charm that makes your house,
Since stirrups get replaced from time to time,
instead of throwing them out,
why not repurpose them!
You may already own a discarded set of stirrups from your own saddle
or maybe you can borrow from an ole’ cowboy (like the hubby).
I would definitely suggest cleaning them up before use.
You can shop your home, your family’s tack-room,
favorite western stores, antique stores,
garage sales or whatever floats your boat!
Ultimately you are in charge.
It is that simple.
Besides being classically aesthetic and simple,
it’s a fun way to add western décor in your home.
Having them hang out on the counter or on the dinner table…
napkins that are in a holder in a pile,
in plain sight, for everyone to use makes life a little bit easier.
These stirrups came with their vintage patina on the metal.
Like vintage zinc goodness with a layer of oxidation.
They are old, washed and faded.
The old wood on the inside has it’s own patina and special charm.
Just keepin’ it easy.
Rustic and Refound
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I’m Tammy! I’m happy to have you here. Join me as I share my passion for amateur photography, home decor, vintage items & adventures out-doors. I enjoy all things home, I like to mix the old with the new, & I have a philosophy that, things only get better with age. For me, setting a table with vintage china makes my heart happy. I’m currently falling for Eurotrash design and style. It’s a growing deep appreciation for the breathtaking allure in the time-worn imperfections of the European past. I too, love all things, western & so I would love that mix where European design meets ranch. This could be my home decor! Rustic and Refound tells my journey of finding my home style while decorating my new home. I love finding inspiration wherever that happens to be & it makes me happiest when I can inspire others. I also enjoy a good DIY. Every now and then you might see a photo of my rope horse, LB and our cat, Whiskers. Thanks for visiting!
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Have you heard of the Evoke Treatment?
Many patients are looking into it after learning about what it does and some of its excellent results. Many are also wondering: is the Evoke Treatment basically like a non-invasive facelift?
Let’s first look at what the Evoke Treatment is.
The Evoke Treatment is a therapy that uses radiofrequency (or RF) energy. During the therapy, radiofrequency energy is applied to a patient’s facial areas. This method remodels the collagen and elastin in the layers underneath the surface layer of the skin. It’s a body contouring procedure, of sorts, though specifically for the face.
A neat thing about Evoke Treatment is that the device used to apply the radiofrequency energy is the only one of its nature to go almost completely hands-free during treatment. That’s just an added bonus.
The end result of the process of applying this RF energy to the facial areas is creating a more defined and lifted look to the patient’s features. As such, a patient may receive the benefits of a facelift without having to go under the knife. In other words, in many ways, it’s a non-invasive facelift.
More than just being non-invasive, the Evoke Treatment is fairly easy to receive. The heat produced by the radiofrequency does no damage to the skin in any way but it helps break down and disturb the fat in the area. The good news is that fat cells have no pain signals so patients will not feel them being destroyed.
The interesting benefit, too, is that with the Evoke Treatment, the patient’s body triggers a healing response. This will cause the body to produce new collagen, which will help to improve the skin’s appearance, as well.
The Evoke Treatment can be had at the Los Angeles-based RWA Center in Beverly Hills as its own package.
There’s also an exciting offer if you sign up with RWA Center as part of their weight loss program. When you have a consultation and then sign up to work the program, RWA Center will throw in three free Evoke Treatment sessions, which is valued at $3000.
To learn more about the Evoke Treatment or ask about the weight loss program, call RWA Center at (310) 407-0542 and we can talk you through it.
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Certified Organic Sunflower Oil, Beeswax,Certified Organic Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Flavors, Certified Organic Hemp Seed Oil, Rosemary Extract, Vitamin E, Aloe Vera.
** Gluten Free, Cruelty Free, Vegan Friendly–
Free from: Petroleum, Lanolin, Palm Oil , Parabens, or sulfates. Vegan Friendly. (Beeswax is a byproduct of bees)
BEAUTY BOOSTING INGREDIENTS
*SUNFLOWER SEED OIL: A great source of vitamin E, rich in nutrients and antioxidants, and is effective for combatting skincare issues like acne, inflammation, general irritation of the skin. Sunflower oil has emollient properties that help the skin retain its moisture.
*BEESWAX (CERTIFIED ORGANIC): This is a natural wax product found in the beehive of honeybees. It’s used like a “barrier cream” which protects the skin from external elements that may irritate the skin. (Wind, sun, water),
*EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL: packed with healthy vitamins, fats, and antioxidants, these components can contribute to healthier-looking skin. It moisturizes skin by locking in moisture, and its antioxidants can help to improve signs of aging.
*CERTIFIED ORGANIC HEMP SEED OIL: Helps to moisturize, hydrate, and nourish your lips for healthier lips. High in omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids, which are great for repairing your skin’s natural barriers and helping keep existing moisture locked in.
*ROSEMARY LEAF EXTRACT is rich in antioxidants and is known for its high moisturizing properties.
*TOCOPHEROL: –Vitamin E is a vitamin and an antioxidant. It protects the skin by moisturizing it and neutralizing free radicals created by the elements and the environment.
*ALOE LEAF EXTRACT: From the Cactus plant. One of nature’s finest skin hydrators and soothing agents. Improves wound healing. Scientists have discovered over 200 nutritional substances in Aloe Barbadensis leaves, including 20 minerals, 20 amino acids, 12 vitamins, and active enzymes. These are great for protecting the skin from free radicals, dangerous compounds that cause signs of premature aging due to damaging effects on the DNA and other cell structures.
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There is no 'mankind' because mankind has changed too far. There is no past, because the past has wiped itself away. We must divide the names of things from the things that exist in reality. Primitive literacy is redundant. Mere words must be expelled. We must inaugurate a world of pure presence. The screen that intrudes itself between ourselves and those memories too terrible to know will be unnecessary and we shall evolve beyond it. The state shall enjoy direct, creative access to the real. To control the flow, it will be necessary that political order be imposed temporarily".
This manifesto of the post-literate state appears in Mark Von Schlegell's new sci-fi thriller Venusia. Venus, of course, is Los Angeles. With its inhospitable landscape refashioned via technology into a paradise, and illusion of limitless growth, this has always been so. In the mid 60s, the "Venus" depicted in Philip K. Dick's Through A Scanner Darkly was a dystopian colony of volunteer immigrants who fled planet earth in search of good jobs and suburban tract housing. Half a century later, Von Schlegell's Venusia exists by default. Earth no longer exists. Phenomenology--the branch of philosophy used to legitimize so much of LA's blank neo-conceptualist academy art--has become the new rule of law. And yet, this is pleasure.
In What's here is everywhere, Sabina Ott's breathtaking show at Post Gallery, a fictional landscape derived from topographical maps of California is stretched out convexly over an unseen horizon. There is just this one painting, surrounded by a cluster of eight barely three-dimensional sculptures embedded into uniform white pedestals. The painting itself is a very strange map, with bright yellow flowers, alphabet letters and shards of aerial photos floating above roadways and reservoirs. It's like, Kenny Scharf has been here and gone, after a nuclear war. The map-color itself is a queasy tequila sunrise, pink rising above taupe, like the view from an airplane whose passengers are locked into a perpetual dawn as the plane speeds between time zones. The alphabet letters littered over the sky don't seem to spell anything. Anagrammatically, they seem to spell "sero," like "positive." Or else they spell "rose."
The painting telescopes frontwards and backwards, inside and out. In this sense, it's a literal rendering of something both real and abstract: what Alduous Huxley described once as "inscape," tripping on mescalin for the first time in a Hollywood drug store. The painting tells us that what's seen in the present can't ever be separated from the past or the future. Or, as Gertrude Stein said once, "a novel is everything." It is a view that Stein shared with the designer Charles Eames and Tantric cosmogeny. In 1954, the designer Charles Eames demonstrated the collapsing of distance in his ground-breaking home movie, The Power of Ten. Using a mechanically regulated lens to zoom in and out, Eames found that the extreme macro is equal to the extreme micro. The same amount of detail can be discovered, whether the viewer zooms in or out. Or, as the Tantric tradition asserts, if we look closely, every detail perceived scale-models the cosmos.
Stein's presence has always loomed large in Ott's work. During the 1990s, Ott produced a marvelous series of wax and board paintings inspired by Stein's famous "rose." The rose is both physical object and symbol. Yes, as Stein says, A rose is a rose is a rose, but in Ott's case, the rose was also a key to unlock Stein's lexicon: a baffling world in which reality, when reduced via one's use of the predicate, exponentially expands. "There is then always repeating in all living," wrote Stein, in The Making of Americans. "There is then in each one always repeating their whole being, the nature in them." Stein was a formalist visionary whose perceptions arose from the social. Language, for her, was a means to define something very specific: the American 20th century. Can this machinery be transposed to the present?
What's here is everywhere is Ott's most radical execution of a Steinean vision to date. While the proliferating roses in Ott's wax paintings enticingly referenced Stein's lexicon, the Post show enacts it full-scale. Because as you walk through the room, you see that Ott's perplexing and beautiful painting acts as a "legend," in the cartographical sense. Because spread out around it, like mushrooms or clouds, are a series of three-dimensional renderings of certain points on this map. Constructed for Ott from bass wood, acrylic and light by Megan Werner and Eric Paulson of zDp models, these sculptures offer dimensional propositions of what the contours of drawing might look like when they're compressed or spread out.
Werner and Paulson are engaged in the business of translating architectural drawings to 3-dimensional space. They've made models for Samsung and other technology campuses. Contemporary architecture, with its fluid values of curves, can't be fully envisaged in drawings. These models function as visual dry-runs, or rehearsals, for actual buildings. To do this, Werner and Paulson compress the aspects of architectural drawings to formulas: x = building, y = pavement, z = site. Once this system is in place, it can be replicated over and over without being thought through again. In sculpture, "depth" is the language one works with. And so in these models, what were roads in the paintings become shallowly route red lines through the bass wood, the letters protrude from the surface, and the flowers are negative space that's completely cut out. Sky is simply planed surface. Each sculpture is a different quotational abstract from the key painting, selected at random. A novel is everything. Yet, once the random selection is made, the most rigorous rules are applied to its rendering.
In Von Schlegell's Venusia, the citizens thrive on daily feedings of "flowers," a fictional cross between Xanax and Halycon. No one knows how to read, because in a continuous present there's no need for memory. The law is imposed through a series of Temp Procs, or "temporary protocols," in adherence to flux. Ott's sculptures can be moved around the room on caster wheels attached to the pedestals with dystopian ease, and nothing is fixed, but (as Stein sensed in the last century) the language has already been proscribed.
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The intervention process offers an opportunity to challenge popular beliefs and myths surrounding addictive behavior. The biggest myth is that a dependent person must hit rock bottom and lose it all before he/she will accept help. Unfortunately, all too often this is the point where addiction leads to serious consequences such as legal problems, relationship issues, job issues, health issues, and high-risk behaviors. Intervention is a method of rising above that and setting positive goals to avoid these life-altering consequences.
An intervention is emotionally complex and impacts families and friends which can place strains on the dynamics of both relationships. A professional Interventionist offers insight and knowledge to help achieve a positive outcome.
Our trained professionals here at Spirit Wolf are in recovery from all forms of addictions and addictive behavior. This allows them to interact with the addictive person from mutual understanding, furthering chances for success.
Spirit Wolf does not believe in ultimatums, threats, or an all-or-nothing approach process. We instead approach each situation from the standpoint of honesty, love, and family; encouraging the client to seek treatment. This alleviates BLAME, SHAME, AND GUILT and begins the healing process with everyone.
We offer a sliding scale and scholarships for individuals that qualify.
|Monday: 1:00 PM - 5:00 PM|
|Tuesday: 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM|
|Wednesday: 1:00 PM - 5:00 PM|
|Thursday: 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM , 6:30 PM - 8:00 PM|
|Friday: 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM , 6:30 PM - 8:00 PM|
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|
Natural Blaze readers are familiar with the ongoing saga in Pittsfield, MA, where a cell tower installed in a residential area has caused tremendous harm to the community. Residents continue to lobby to have the tower turned off so that they can return to their homes, while confronting the convoluted process that occurred in approving the tower, as well as the inadequacy of FCC and ICNIRP exposure limits.
Amelia’s story “5G Earth Day Countdown: Children — Amelia’s Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Cell Tower Days” has been translated into multiple languages, and she has been contacted by other children and young people who have also experienced harm caused by wireless exposures. Her mom, Courtney, also told her story as part of the Mother’s Day series at Natural Blaze, where she encouraged parents to “Fight like a Mother.” She is still fighting.
Over the course of the year, the family produced creative and thought-provoking posters based around holiday themes, with the tower pictured looming behind them. The media has been following their story, and their efforts have garnered international attention.
The Gilardi girls and their Christmas poster from December 2020, one year ago.
Again this Christmas, they are still EMF refugees. – Patricia Burke
The Solstice and The Night Before Christmas
Amelia gives us her holiday 2021 update:
The iconic poem, “The Night Before Christmas” has been called “arguably the best-known verses ever written” and forever changed the way people viewed St. Nick and the magic of the holiday season.
The deceptively addressed Pittsfield cell tower, making my little sister, mom, multiple neighbors and myself sick, constructed illegally during the early days of the pandemic shutdown, has been called “arguably one of the worst cases of being blindsided” and forever changed the way people here view cell tower installations and wireless harm.
Like so many others who have become sick when cell towers have gone up near them, we’ve been forced to abandon the only home we’ve ever known. Others have been forced to sell their homes. Others in the hope of one day returning, sleep elsewhere, even if it means sleeping in their cars and tents to avoid the cell tower radiation.
Others do not have that option.
I read my poem at the December City Council meeting.
Next year we are hoping for less Tim Burton’s Nightmare and more of Clement Moore’s magic. – Amelia
Amelia’s Night(mare) Before Christmas
‘Twas the night of the last city council meeting, and all through the chamber
We’d spent the last year and a half, speaking about cell tower danger
No action had been taken, despite everyone’s care
About seventeen residents in Shacktown, being harmed there
Headaches, dizziness, insomnia, while residents try to sleep in their beds
While visions of the Verizon cell tower, being removed, danced in their heads
And Councilor Connell, and Helpful Others, in their thinking caps
Trying to assist us, to be safely home, while others took naps
We told them, that out in the woods, we heard the noise of the crew
Another day of illegal construction, with a code violation or two
Residents received no notice, no letters; just misleading commercial address in the posting
But one person, somewhere, received a letter – the city went boasting
So we asked if the city could provide proof of these mailings,
It admitted it could not, there were multiple failings
877 South Street owns 60 acres of land,
Who knew they abutted, where Holmes Road houses stand?
At the 2017 ZBA hearing
It was a perfect open space for a tower, industry reps were cheering
No maps or no list of houses, or land owners nearby
No site visit to our neighborhood, and no one can tell us why
We called the Mayor, Verizon, Farley White, anyone who should care
But rules don’t matter for billion dollar corporations, you think this is fair?
More rapid than eagles, the tower it came
With workers and others, calling us names
“Now collateral damage! Now poor people, just complaining!
People of low education, disgruntled and blaming!”
The fact is, they don’t visit City Hall weekly to read every single committee’s notice,
Clearly, the law to give warning to all, is just bogus
One person turned up, and that is all that matters
Talk of equity, fairness and justice, is just chatter
Now the Board of Health is ready, to issue a Cease and Desist
Neighbors hurting and harmed, will educate and persist
We beg you to listen, to the science of wireless harm being released
And not the antiquated ’96 disinformation, of the paid industry mouthpiece
To councilors Morandi and Connell retiring, we will miss you so much
Thank you for your courage, we wish you good luck
To councilors remaining, I say with all might
Until we’re home safe – we won’t give up our fight,
So see you next year, at the next open mike
A healthy holiday to all,
And to all an EMF free night! – Amelia Gilardi
Pittsfield Health Board to Make Action Plan for Cell Tower
Read the recent news report about the Pittsfield Tower here from IBerkshires:
“Some Board of Health members are eager to create an action plan for the 877 South St. cell tower. Since the 115-foot, Verizon tower was erected in August 2020, neighbor Courtney Gilardi has reported negative health effects and says she is living in alternate temporary housing because of it. She and her daughter, Amelia Gilardi, have regularly spoken during the open microphone segment of city meetings since.”[ ]
“Interim Director of Public Health Andy Cambi said they would have to consult with the state to see what kind of public nuisance or violation the tower could be considered for a stop order.”
“Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed, citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.” ― Margaret Mead
UPDATE to yesterday’s article by Patricia Burke
‘EMF/RF/5G IOUT Unscientific Science Of Twelve Ways We Cannot Annihilate The Oceans With EMF In 2022’ included a map of the United States of Wireless Woes, including Amelia’s family’s plight in Massachusetts.
The article discussed the issue of professional liars lying about RF safety, including the safety of smart meters.
The article noted that a Maine utility ranked dead last for customer satisfaction for 3 years.
Make that 4.
Central Maine Power Co. has been ranked dead last in the nation, again, for electric utility residential customer satisfaction, according to a study released by J.D. Power.
Maine is the northeast state where the $200M smart grid failed spectacularly in 2017 due to a snow and ice storm. In Maine. The storm response depended, as the industry well knows, on trucks, training, and trees- i.e. chain saws, and not on ‘smart meters’ telling the utility where power outages occur. Utilities can monitor power from the pole, and do not need wireless meters on homes. As the result of proof that smart meters do not increase reliability or timely storm restoration, the industry changed is terminology to “resiliency.”
Nonetheless, storm outages are often used to justify wireless smart meters, including Hurricane Sandy.
The mandatory installation of wireless smart meters in Maine resulted in Ed Friedman, who has lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, an incurable form of cancer, to request that his utility provide an analog opt-out meter, on the advice of his physician.
His request for reasonable accommodation without a punitive surcharge, like those of countless U.S. citizens, including those with EHS, was denied and is under litigation in federal district court based on claims under the ADA, Fair Housing Act and Rehabilitation Act.
Researcher Beatrice Golumb, MD, Phd, has indicated that the installation of a wireless utility meter is one of the most frequently reported variables connected with the acute onset of EHS, or microwave poisoning.
No child should be asking Santa for safety in their own home.
Neither should a cancer patient like Ed Friedman in Maine be denied accommodation by a utility or its regulators. Yet these scenarios are widespread throughout the country.
As Carmen Miranda Banana noted, enough good people need to start paying attention.
The solstice marks the balance between darkness and light. Be on the right side of history-
Solstice 2022 Event:
Please join Stop 5G International and the Ocean Mammal Institute for an online streaming event and meditation inspired by whales on the Solstice December 21st at 5 pm Pacific, 8 pm Eastern Time featuring Dr. Marsha Green from Ocean Mammal Institute. Say YES to protecting whales and marine life from the new “Smart” Ocean. Sign up for the Zoom event HERE
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://safetechinternational.org/emf-rf-5g-iout-solstice-2021-amelias-nightmare-before-christmas/
|
2023-10-02T07:56:09Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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en
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- 5 Luxeon M® LEDs
- Luxeon is a Registered Trade Mark of Philips
- Dual 12/24 VDC Auto Select
- Flood Beam Pattern
- Aluminum Powder Coated Housing
- Polycarbonate Lens
- Low LED Amp Draw
- Stainless Steel Bolt & Bracket
- 5 Year Warranty
- LEDs: 5
- Lumens: 3,600
- Dimensions: 6.3" x 5.3" x 3.6"
- Voltage: Auto Select 12/24 VDC
- Amp Draw: 5.2A 12V | 2.5A 24V
- Connector: 2 11" Wire Leads
- Mounting: 5/16" Diameter Bol
At Safety Station we do our screen printing in-house. Embroidery is also available! We offer competitive pricing and a quick turn around time.
Call us to get . . .
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://safetystation.net/products/maxxima%C2%AE-oval-5-led-work-light-3-600-lumen-12-24vdc-mwl-25sp
|
2023-10-02T07:49:00Z
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.756929
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|
Are you up for a jolly good treat?
Sign up for our SMS alerts, and we’ll send you a lovely FREE £5 gift card! Stay in the loop with our latest updates and exclusive offers, all while enjoying a little extra something on us.
*Please ensure that you enter your active phone number only, as we will be sending the gift card to the number you provide.
*you can redeem your Gift Card at any of our 6 store locations.
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://safisdesserts.com/cart/
|
2023-10-02T08:36:08Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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|
I love to… cook and I’m a bit of a book worm. I can’t pass up a good psychological thriller.
When I’m not at work you might find … me at the theatre seeing a play or musical, having a glass of wine with friends or binge watching documentaries.
Rachel does not have any active properties listed.
Rachel does not have any sold properties listed.
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://sagerealestate.ca/agent/rachel-yager/
|
2023-10-02T07:38:03Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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The Mission Ministry for Bon Secours has continued to support a Rosary ministry at Saint Mary's Hospital for over eight years. This has been very successful and has brought much comfort to the patients, families and visitors. In order to continue this ministry at St. Mary's Hospital, we are in need of additional volunteers from the community to pray and to lead the rosary in the Saint Mary's Hospital chapel. This is televised through the closed circuit television system to the patient rooms each weekday at 3 P.M. People from parishes around the Richmond area participate. Saint Bridget primarily covers Thursdays but you are welcome to join any day. We need leaders and responders.
If you have not prayed the rosary in a long time, or maybe you've never prayed the rosary, do not worry! We will teach you and every word is scripted for you, so no need to memorize. You would be asked to do this only once per month, which would involve a commitment of about 40 minutes each month. We have an amazing and dedicated group from Saint Bridget, but we are in need of some additional help.
For centuries the church has set aside the month of May to honor Mary, mother of God. What better way to honor Mary than to become part of the Rosary ministry for Saint Mary's Hospital. This is a wonderful opportunity to live the spiritual and corporal works of mercy through rosary ministry.
If you have any questions, or with further information, please contact Betty Spencer
|
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://saintbridgetchurch.org/Resources/Announcements/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/224630/Rosary-Ministry-at-St-Marys-Hospital
|
2023-10-02T07:43:24Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969322
| 328
|
The player can select his opponent. The opponent might be computer generated characters or other gamers who’re taking part in the recreation online. For beginning the game, the player ought to take a character. The participant can management this character and fight enemies and canopy the obstacles with block the path. The participant should complete every mission given to him. When he advances to each stage, extra points are awarded to him. The talents are improved and upgrading of weapons will likely be attainable. Mission could be killing enemy, exploring the unknown land, find one thing from the forest, or to ship one thing to a far-off place. This game provides a novel point generally known as the remainder point.
A-recreation for each single interest – Human: have Escape and Stealth Detection; these are very useful skills in PvP. Nevertheless, they have no explicit skills to boost leveling pace. (3) Internet browser video games: These are usually simple, compact games, and also a unprecedented option to quickly kill some time; games which could be enjoyed by your internet browser. These are created with the effectively-identified Shockwave or perhaps Java technological improvements;
DOMO (Dream Of Mirror On-line) At first, I laughed.
A� 2010 Elizabeth Duvall – Shadow Mastery: increase your shadow harm by 25%. Game Software Growth In Terms of Gold DOMO (Dream Of Mirror On-line) I discovered a great TERA on-line technique information that has all of the answers I wanted. It has every thing it’s good to get from degree 1 to 60 – I like it. I also spent a variety of time reading suggestions on-line and found one site to be very useful.
Contributors and donators will receive preorder versions of the sport and distinguished rankings on the forums depending on the amount donated. Those that contribute $20 or extra will obtain a preorder of the game with entry to extra content in addition to a Silver Supporter Rank on the forums. $seventy five or more will get four pre-orders of the game with entry to further content as well as a Gold Supporter Rank on the forums. $250 or extra will get 4r pre-orders of the game with entry to extra content and a Platinum Help Ranking on the forums. Those who donate greater than ten grand will get their identify on the sport’s display screen.
You can get a fast repair with free on-line sport games.
– Potent Affliction: improve all periodic Shadow damage you deal. It will likely be much preferable if a numeric keyboard shortcut will be added just by proper clicking the menu choices, which has similarities to the performance of the current chat box change. Rummy Carnival – Ranging from sixth May – sixteenth June this event consists of real money rummy tables wins to have the ability to qualify for the Rummy Carnival Finals to be held at 10 pm on 16th June.
Purple Flush games are driven through Microgaming’s Viper. With Microgaming assist, Red Flush offers you a alternative of in excess of 450 activities, along with the commitment of introducing new games to the on line casino’s interactive games checklist. The software program program, which is accessible in each obtain and instantaneous play Flash format, supplies quite a lot of characteristics, together with fast downloads, excellent audio-visible results, and modern functioning.
Preserve trying varied mixtures of weapons with the intention to achieve expertise. Probably the most potent arm isn’t probably the most excellent alternative for everybody all the time. Each arm has been provided with a top level view of its precision, swiftness and ammunition capability. Alter your weapon to verify whether your fee of killing goes up.
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<urn:uuid:be7d4169-188d-4277-8630-6577cad739fe>
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://saiyuki-ova.net/an-unbiased-view-of-best-games-online.html/
|
2023-10-02T09:03:07Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
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|
Diversity and inclusion conversations require bravery and courage, and you do not have to do it alone. We need people in the majority group (white, cisgender, male, straight, able-bodied) now more than ever engaged in the diversity and inclusion conversation. Yet, these folks are sometimes afraid of saying or doing the wrong thing.
While the benefits of diversity are well-known, most organizations are going through the motions rather than truly holding people accountable to embrace diversity and inclusion. The more organizations mirror their customer bases and communities in which they serve, the more innovation, higher revenues and profitability they see. Yet, at most organizations, the higher you go into leadership in an organization, the more male and pale it looks. We’re missing out on an opportunity to be an ally.
Those that are generally considered diverse talent do not identify with the majority group by one or more dimension (non-white, LGBTQ+, female, disability). Diverse groups cannot solve the equality problem alone. A small percentage of the population will only solve a small percentage of the problem.
Therein lies a chance to be an ally. Allies are people that advocate for people different than themselves. Allies talk bravely and candidly about it. If you strive to be an ally for others, consider asking these five questions at your organization:
- Why does our organization care about diversity and inclusion?
- What would our organization look like if it were more diverse and inclusive?
- What would we gain by being more diverse and inclusive?
- What is holding us back from maximizing diverse groups of people?
- What is one thing we can do to positively impact diversity and inclusion?
These questions can be used at your next team meeting, leadership team discussion, or at lunch with coworkers. They open the door to a bigger dialogue. They work because they address the cultural transformation needed to be more diverse and inclusive.
With any cultural transformation, that means change, and humans naturally resist change. Change is scary. Some even deny the problem exists altogether. They may say, “it’s a lot better than it used to be (as if continued inequality is okay) or “we cannot find diverse talent” (as if recruiting the same way will yield wildly different results).
There is no organization that has this figured out. Most want to better mirror their customer base, better attract a diverse profile of talent, and retain more diversity. To achieve this cultural shift and provoke real change, leaders must be willing to tackle the tough stuff.
Allyship is a journey. Along the diversity and inclusion journey, organizations must address key areas to sustain the positive cultural transformation:
- Why: People need to know that the organization is authentic about diversity and inclusion.
- Visualization: People need to see it to believe it can be true.
- WIIFM: People need to see the benefits to change.
- FOMO: People do not want to miss out on the benefits or be left out.
- Personalization: People need to personally identify with the cause and weigh in to buy in.
Look back at the questions provided. They hit on these key areas needed to sustain the long-term shift that this change requires. They identify the why, evoke visualization, speak to the WIIFM (what’s in it for me) and FOMO (fear of missing out), and personalize it to one simple action item.
Diversity and inclusion is a journey, not a destination. It requires bravery and candor. These questions are only the starting point to the ongoing discussion. Consider asking them and you might just be a better ally for it.
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https://salesandmarketing.com/respectful-questions-to-ask-about-diversity-and-inclusion/
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2023-10-02T07:09:06Z
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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en
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Lappish Shelter (30 people)
- Events up to 30 people
There is seating for up to 30 people.
The large Lappish Shelter is located near the meeting and celebration premises. It is suitable for company
or family celebrations and other events.
The shelter has under-floor heating and is available for year-round use.
You can bring your own drinks to the shelter.
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://santalahti.fi/en/meeting-event/lappish-shelter/
|
2023-10-02T07:27:43Z
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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The Tamil Nadu government on Monday signed Memorandums of Understanding (MoU) with 18 companies that involves investment of Rs 19,955 crore.
The companies that signed the MoUs in the presence of Chief Minister K Palaniswami include Torrent Gas (investment Rs 5,000 crore), Ola Electric (electric two-wheeler manufacturing with investment of Rs 2,354 crore), First Solar (Rs 4,185 crore), SSEM (Rs 2,500 crore), Voltas (Rs 1,001 crore), Mahindra CIE (Rs 100 crore) and others.
According to Guidance Tamil Nadu, the investment MoUs have an employment potential of 26,509.
Meanwhile, Ola Electric said in a statement that as per the MoU, it will set up an electric scooter plant in Hosur with a manufacturing capacity of two million units per annum.
Ola Electric’s factory will cater to the customers not only in India but also in markets around the world, including Europe, UK, and New Zealand.
The company is gearing up to launch the first of its range of highly anticipated electric scooters in the coming months.
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://savedelete.com/business/tn-signs-investment-mous-worth-rs-19955-cr/379951/
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2023-10-02T09:32:06Z
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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Over the last few decades, communication and safety gear have undergone serious advances. Among the numerous technologies that made otherwise impossible connections happen, Bluetooth was a revelation. While the earliest versions of this technology had its share of limitations, it was nevertheless promising.
These days, there are Bluetooth device options that serve the essential purpose of keeping everyone connected at a reasonable distance and enabling them to enjoy music the wireless way—that means without needing to fuss with tangled cables.
And then it got even better. Today, motorcycle riders get to enjoy its benefits, too.
There are two ways motorcycle enthusiasts can utilize Bluetooth during travel. The first option is a motorcycle helmet-capable Bluetooth device. This tiny technology can either be easily clipped onto one side of the helmet or require careful installation that entails directly screwing holes onto your protective headgear.
If convenience is a priority, the motorcycle helmet with pre-installed Bluetooth is the best way to go. This option can be a bit pricey, sure, but this custom designed helmet requires zero installation and is ready to use.
Tip: If you’re in the market for a motorcycle helmet with preinstalled Bluetooth equipment, look for the most technologically advanced. This means checking for those that are compatible with GPS navigational controls, video game consoles, MP3 devices, laptops, and smartphones. Take into consideration flexible boom mics with noise cancellation features. A chargeable lithium battery should keep you active and connected longer.
The use of Bluetooth technology for motorcycle rides has a number of benefits, and here are five of them that are considered invaluable:
1. Encourages rider safety
As opposed to taking your mobile phone with you during a ride and answering calls the conventional way, you can count on your Bluetooth device or headset to make the process easier—and safer. Through this wireless technology that you integrate with your mobile phone, you can answer calls with a single flick of a button. This allows you to speak as you would to someone the standard way and attend to urgent calls without having to pull over and take a pause from your travel. And because talking on your mobile phone while riding your bike is considered illegal in several states, this is a great option for a worry-free, convenient and uninterrupted travel.
2. Promotes connectedness and communication among riders
The bike-to-bike communication technology in Bluetooth is considered a breakthrough feature. In addition to its capacity to make mobile phone calls handling easy, it allows motorcycle travellers to stay connected with fellow riders and buddies within a reasonable distance or location without having to take their helmet off. Consequently, a rider can talk with others in the group to signal problems, ask for routes or directions, give a new rider coaching tips on a real-time basis, or just converse with them while cruising.
This functionality was originally engineered as an “intercom” that pairs together two riders with matching hardware in an ad-hoc network. Today, newer Bluetooth models allow for more riders to be connected through stronger built-in antennas and better signals. The repeater technology extends the range to at least a mile.
Bluetooth connectivity also allows riders to talk to their passenger conveniently while riding. Moreover, there are several Bluetooth motorcycle helmets with preinstalled mic and multi-line communication functionality that enable them to communicate wirelessly with nearby family or friends.
3. Provides entertainment on the go
While long-distance travels using the bike can be a euphoric experience, it doesn’t hurt to be entertained—but remain undisturbed—with music on the go. Today, Bluetooth helmets and helmet-capable Bluetooth devices come in various models that offer the safety and connectivity functionalities without sacrificing superior sound quality. With top quality Bluetooth models, you can listen to your favorite audio tracks from your helmet with less interference.
4. Does not break the bank
Bluetooth devices do not have to cost a fortune. There are less costly options that offer all or nearly the same functionalities as would an expensive one. In fact, a number of mid-priced Bluetooth for helmet models even include a Bluetooth transmitter. It is always the rider’s choice whether to spend hundreds on a model but there are those that are economical.
5. Appears trendy and stylish
Bluetooth devices for helmets and helmets with pre-installed Bluetooth are not merely functional pieces to make your road trip experience a better one. Most of them have sporty and trendy designs that make stylish and sleek additions to your gear.
With the advent of Bluetooth technology, communication has become much easier, and connectivity has gotten better. With a Bluetooth-supported headset, you can enjoy traveling on your bike safely and even more conveniently.
|
<urn:uuid:0b630138-bf8a-4c30-8b28-09fae445b8e1>
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://savedelete.com/internet-tips/reasons-upgrade-motorcycle-riding-experience-bluetooth-technology/191447/
|
2023-10-02T09:23:53Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.944775
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How to sign a cheque or to be more precise, third-party cheque is a personal or business cheque that is signed over as payment to another person.
Signing a cheque can be even helpful when you have a cheque that was written to you and you require to pay someone else with it for any purchases made by you.
Procedure : How to Sign a Cheque
- Planning Before Signing
- Signing Over the Cheque
- Looking into Alternatives
Planning Before Signing a Cheque
Consider your options. As banking and identification security regulations in the world is increasing, you are most probable to face difficulty to find a bank that will accept a third-party cheque. Having a bank account where you can deposit or cash the cheque written to you, is a blessing. It is almost certainly the best option and makes it easier for you to have financial assistance. It is easier to write your own cheque or hand the cash to the third party through a bank. Signing over a cheque seems like to be more convenient by closing the loop for the middleman and its commission.
Try to check into electronic transfers of funds to the third party, may be through the existing bank accounts or through a service like PayPal as convenient option. Check about the prospects when you:
- have a cheque written to you
- don’t have a bank account
- require to pay a third party the amount of the cheque written to you.
Do confirm about the person you wish to endorse the cheque to, the third party, will accept a signed cheque. It is better to ask the person if whether he/she has used a third-party cheque at his/her bank before this transaction which they both wish to make. This will help with your chances of success, because basically, as such there are no laws that require banks to accept third-party cheques.
Try to confirm that the third party’s bank do accept these type of cheques and get to know about the bank’s particular procedures for this kind of transaction. In case you unable to contact the person immediately but have the whereabouts of his/her bank branch, you may yourself call the bank’s customer service number to inquire about special endorsements and procedures thereof, of this kind. Ask for any procedure that is required to act upon by the user/customer sop that the acceptance by the bank can be given for the third-party cheque. Banks enact their own rules to govern these procedures, like requiring that both parties must have accounts at the bank to ensure the funds can be transferred.
Be prepared to go in person with the third party to his/her bank. For the completion of the signing process in person, it may be required by the bank that you must be present therein-person. It will almost certainly improve your chances of success regardless. You must bring proper identification especially, in case it is not your home bank.
Part 2 : Signing Over the Cheque
Sign the back of the cheque as usual. Keep the signature in the top section of the endorsement area where they provide with three lines, sign the top line. You must not show off your flamboyant styled signature, as you will require the entire space to complete the process. So keep it restrained to one-line only.
Print “Pay to the Order of” and the third party’s name in the middle section or second line of the endorsement area. If you are little on space, you may try using “FBO” – For the Benefit of, but you must check about this with the bank official first. Write the third party’s name neatly. Do the spell check.
Do not have the third party sign the cheque until it is deposited or cashed. Get the third party or the endorsee sign the cheque in the bottom section or third line of the endorsement area. If the third party is not present, place an “X” to indicate where they should sign or attach a friendly sticky note to the cheque.
Give the cheque to the endorsee to deposit in his/her bank as usual. So long as the bank accepts the third party cheque, the deposit process should be exactly the same as for a cheque written directly to the person.
Part 3 : Looking into Alternatives
Open a bank account to deposit the cheque and pay the third party. As you must have noted, you have only considering signing a cheque as you do not have a bank account. You must consider opening an account as it will make the situation of understanding and trusting each other simpler.
To open a cheque account at a bank, you generally required to be 18 or older. You must provide basic information like your full name, address, contact information like phone number or email, and Identification number. You must provide a government-issued photo ID.
You must try to open a no-fee cheque account at a local bank. Also look for online banking facility, where free cheque accounts are more likely to be available.
Ask the original cheque writer to void the cheque and write a new one to the third party. You must write a neat and clear cheque to any corporation.
Ask the original cheque writer to add “or bearer” after your name on the cheque and future cheques written to you. Cheques with “or bearer” written following the name of the payee can be deposited or cashed typically, depending on bank policies by whomever presents the cheque.
The third party must be prepared to offer identification while depositing or cashing the cheque. It depends on the policies of the financial institution, especially for a cheque which is presented for a larger amount. Cheques written out to “cash or bearer” or just “bearer” will work on the similar lines.
It is better to use a cheque-cashing service. You have to pay a fee in return for such a service. But, after all the identification process is over, you will walk out of the bank with cash that you may use to pay the third party. Cheque-cashing charges generally range between 1% and 12% of the cheque amount. It is better to shop around for the best deal so as to pay off. Some international retailers, like Walmart, offer this service. You will require to provide a photo ID to cash the cheque.
Through the above article, you must have understood the whole process of signing a cheque.
|
<urn:uuid:119be0ed-fed3-47d8-9f3a-1e6051781d78>
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://savedelete.com/internet-tips/sign-a-cheque/351579/
|
2023-10-02T06:55:26Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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Looking for something fun to do with the family, or something to brighten your home? Here are just a few ideas for you.
One of the best ways to bring harmony to the family is to bring harmony to the home environment. Revitalizing your living space can be an excellent way to raise everyone’s mood.
Bring vibrancy back to your home with a new coat of paint. Pick out new curtains, throw pillows, paintings, and rugs. Visit thrift and second-hand stores with the family to search for bargains.
Add a touch of nature with houseplants. Plants can serve to make one feel more grounded, solid, and connected to the earth, in addition to simply adding another element of beauty to a room. You may also consider growing flowers and vegetables in an outdoor garden. Letting children help in the garden can create wonderful family moments and provide an alternative to electronic devices. Some easy, low-maintenance plants for children to tend include snap peas, sunflowers, radishes, cherry tomatoes, potatoes, lettuce, and pumpkins.
While you are redecorating, be sure to involve the family to do some deep-cleaning. Lighten the load of cleaning by sharing the labor. Everyone will feel better with a cleaner, fresher-looking living environment.
Purchase a Pet
If your household is ready for a pet, a cat, dog, fish or hamster can be a great addition to the home. Keep in mind that no pet is an “easy” pet, however. Even a single goldfish requires a minimum of 40 gallons of water to stay healthy and happy, and can live for up to ten years with proper care–so prepare for a long-term commitment if you bring a pet into the home.
Caring for a pet can be a group effort. Activities such as walking the dog together, playing with the housecat, training or buying presents for your furry little friend are great ways to spend time with family. This is in addition to all the wonderful benefits to mental health a pet can bring. Psychologist Alan Beck of Purdue University and psychiatrist Aaron Katcher of the University of Pennsylvania conducted a study surrounding the effects of petting a friendly dog. The results showed lowered blood pressure, slowed heart rate, regularized breathing, and relaxed muscle tension. With prolonged interaction, studies show that a beloved animal can help prevent children from developing anxiety disorders early in life. What an effective way to de-stress!
Bake or Cook Together
Food is truly the way to the heart. Baking together can be a fun and easy way to form a happy camaraderie with your family. Put on some music, let the chit-chat flow, snack on the ingredients, and enjoy the tasty fruits of your labor when you are done. Children can help with the baking process by mixing, measuring, and pouring ingredients. They can also help with simple tasks such as cracking eggs, kneading dough, spreading icing, starting the microwave, and putting dishes in the dishwasher. Collaborating together on a meal or treat can be very fulfilling for family members, especially for children who want to feel helpful and have fun.
Plan a Fun Day Out
There are endless activities to help families bond. You might consider driving away from city lights, breaking out camping chairs and a few snacks, and star-gazing. You can plan to attend a local parade, go to a local sports game or concert. You can go out to a restaurant; eating out is almost always guaranteed to make everyone happy. You can also instill community values in your family by volunteering together. You can pick up a new hobby together, such as hiking, fishing, painting, etc. You can go to the park and have a picnic, or you can find a good movie rental and cozy up together for a night of entertainment.
Start Saving For a Trip!
While spending a sizeable amount of money is definitely not necessary to make a family happy, it can be worthwhile to save up for something special that no one will ever forget. If you work hard and manage your money wisely, you could see the Northern lights from Iceland, go on a safari in South Africa, visit a resort in Thailand, stay a few nights in a fancy hotel in Tokyo, fly out to Hawaii, or even go on a european cruise.
Even if splurging on an expensive trip is not in the book of possibilities, smaller trips such as camping, road trips, or spending the night in a nearby town can be a marvelous experience as well. A vacation of any size, as long as it is well-planned, can help to make wonderful family memories as well as rejuvenate everyone’s spirits. After all, everyone needs a good pick-me-up now and again.
Make the Time
It can be hard to take yourself away from work, or to put aside personal time to spend with your family. Whatever you do–whether you plan a big activity, make a grand gesture, or just propose a game of cards–simply showing up and making an effort can go a long way to showing your loved ones that you care.
Image Credits: Family Bonds from mavo /Shutterstock
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Mekkhala, the sixth typhoon of this year, made landfall in China’s Fujian province on Tuesday, bringing with it strong winds and torrential rain.
The typhoon has disrupted traffic, while some trains have been ordered to stop services in the province, reports Xinhua news agency.
Gaoqi airport in the coastal city of Xiamen cancelled 51 outbound flights on Monday and 38 on Tuesday morning.
The Xiamen flood control office said that more than 5,600 fishing ships had returned to ports and over 3,200 people were evacuated.
Passenger ferries were ordered to suspend services in affected areas, and tourist attractions and construction sites were ordered to close.
China’s national observatory on Monday issued a yellow alert for typhoon Mekkhala.
Meteorological authorities forecast that the typhoon will move northwestward and start to weaken after the landfall.
On Tuesday, central and southern Fujian will experience downpours, with some areas seeing up to 200 mm of rainfall.
Mekkhala is the second typhoon that landed in coastal areas of east China over the past week.
On August 4, Hagupit, the fourth typhoon of this year, landed in Zhejiang province, packing winds of 38 meters per second near its centre.
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How mobile technologies are not just portable computers – they change how we see and act in the world (and even shape it).
People are becoming ‘digital trace-makers’
Mobile technologies are often thought of as portable screens. But they are more than that. Moving around with mobile technology can change how we see and act in the world. People are becoming ‘digital trace-makers’ who inhabit ‘digital niches’ that non-users can’t even see.
Take for example running around a park with the exercise tracking application Strava. When you start a segment, you speed up, and actually see the environment differently – focused on competition instead of on the sunset. People who aren’t using the app can’t see that anything has changed, but for Strava competitors that stretch of path invites extra effort.
It is important that we realise that mobile technology is fundamentally becoming part of how people see and move around in the world. Especially in this upcoming age of contact-tracing apps, there is a need to understand how people’s capacity to leave digital traces as they move around impacts their behaviour, their self-perception, the groups they belong to, and even the environment.
We make the argument for this new way of thinking about mobile technology in a recently published paper “Beyond Mobility: A new understanding of moving-with-technology” in Information Systems Journal, by Ella Hafermalz from Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Robert B. Johnston, Dirk S. Hovorka, and Kai Riemer from The University of Sydney Business School.
Movement is important for perception
We use an ecological theory of visual perception to explain why a runner starts to see and move differently after using the exercise tracking application Strava. This theory comes from the ecological psychologist William Gibson. In the 1970s he put forward a radically new theory on how people (and animals) see – in an active way, by moving around the environment. This contrasted with popular theories of vision that studied perception from a static position. Gibson pointed out that animals are only still when they’re sleeping or dead! The rest of the time they are constantly moving their eyes, heads, and bodies.
Gibson’s insight that movement is important for perception inspired us to think differently about mobile technology. People don’t just use mobile devices while sitting still – they move with their devices. But what difference does this make?
Moving with technology
In our paper we ‘problematise’ a surprise experience by the lead author, Ella. The surprise was that she started to move and see a part of her run in the park – around a lake – differently because Strava had put her into competition with other runners who used Strava.
Even though she wasn’t looking at Strava while running, she was looking with the app – seeing the path around the lake as a place to compete against other runners-with-Strava. This shift in perception is more fundamental than just ‘using’ mobile technology for a specified task in a novel location. Moving-with-technology led the runner to see herself and her environment differently.
Shaping the environment
Moving around with such mobile apps also makes us digital trace-makers. When moving-with-technology we are leaving a trail of data that maps our movements. These digital traces are in the case of Strava compiled and aggregated for sale. For example Strava sells ‘heat maps‘ of activity to city planners who use it to change urban infrastructure.
This is how digital trace-making creates what we call ‘ecological feedback loops’, where moving-with-technology shapes the very environment we move through.
In the coming period where mobile apps are seen as the solution to COVID-19 lockdown, our ability to be digital trace-makers becomes even more relevant. What kind of world will we perceive, and create, while moving-with-technology?
Our hope is that researchers will move ‘beyond mobility’ when studying mobile technologies. People need to become aware that they are often trace-makers. We need to realise that mobile technologies are changing who we are, how we move around, the communities we belong to, and they are even shaping our environment, for better or worse.
We encourage you to think about: What happens if planners reinforce a group’s ‘digital niche’ through ecological feedback loops? Can you stop seeing yourself, and your environment, as a runner-with-Strava? What new mobile methods are needed to capture technology on the move?
Read the paper for more insights, and share your thoughts with us!
Hafermalz, E, Johnston, RB, Hovorka, DS, Riemer, K. Beyond ‘mobility’: A new understanding of moving with technology. Info Systems J. 2020; 1–25. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/isj.12283?af=R
This article was originally published by the KIN Center for Digital Innovation. Read the original article.
Illustrations by Christine Brauckmann.
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This article delves into the stories of two foreign queer spies in Fascist Italy, the Swiss Roberto Hodel and the German Gerhard Dobbert. The Fascist regime cultivated a dual relationship with homosexuals: it exploited them for their contacts, but persecuted them as “enemies of the new man” who undermined the Fascist understanding of morality. This article aims at illustrating this relationship, by focusing on these two cases and ultimately proving that the Fascist surveillance—like any other—is doomed to fail, because these double agents are “imperfect” tools. Spies live in a gray zone of blurred agencies and conflicting incentives. As in fiction, where characters play a deceitful role, the archival documents analyzed in this essay replicate that deception in three layers of ambiguity. Just as spy novels become open-ended trajectories of several stages of suspicion, these layers of ambiguity are multiplied in the spies’ surveillance reports, where the distrust of the foreign alien is combined with the rejection of homosexuality to designate an extremely ambiguous “other” that the Fascists both reject and exploit.
Keywords: surveillance / homosexuality / Fascist Italy / ambiguity / totalitarianism / ideology
To Corporal BERTOLDI Carlo —Filettino—
It’s Sunday afternoon; I am alone alone, I read once more your letters, which are immensely dear to me. How I desire you and how big will be the joy of our reunion. When? I would so gladly chat with you about this...MASSIMO went to Paris today, AUGUSTO goes to Switzerland this week, so I will be alone, if I don’t get the Austrian to come for two weeks.
Destroy this letter and write as soon as possible, with a thousand kisses your
There is probably no less fitting place than a cold, dusty folder of the Fascist Ministry of Popular Culture for letters of anguished love, yet here they are, zealously collected by the Fascist police. Their author, Roberto Hodel, was a Swiss journalist resident in Italy and had been nominated president of the Foreign Press Association in 1926. He also happens to be a perfect example of how Fascist Italy can shape our understanding of espionage, along with the place of homosexuals as outsiders in that historical context.
Lorenzo Benadusi, in his study of homosexuality in Fascist Italy, states that “Hodel’s ‘homosexual tendencies’ were extremely well known” (267). The Fascist regime offered him immunity from prosecution if he became a spy: “Hodel carried out the delicate task of steering the foreign press toward pro-Fascist positions and had the secret charge of supplying confidential information to the Ministry of Popular Culture” (Benadusi 267). The Fascist secret police, OVRA, turned a blind eye to Hodel’s activities, but kept close tabs on all his movements. The name OVRA is still an enigma. Often presented as an acronym for Organizzazione per la Vigilanza e la Repressione dell’Antifascismo (“Organization for Vigilance and Repression of Anti-Fascism”), Opera Volontaria per la Repressione dell’Antifascismo (“Voluntary Work for the Repression of Anti-Fascism”) or Organo di Vigilanza dei Reati Antistatali (“Organ for the Vigilance of Anti-State Crimes”) it has been subject to numerous interpretations. Guido Leto, second head of the OVRA, wrote in his book that the name was not an acronym, but a sort of “psychological bluff” and had explicitly been chosen by Benito Mussolini to raise questions and create a sense of terror (52). And terror is central to the story of Roberto Hodel, who is but one of the many agents who carried out the bidding of the Fascist regime, sometimes enforcing, other times disrupting its repression. A study of the police informers allows us to look at totalitarianism from the bottom up, showing terror as an everyday experience. By looking at police spies as both targets and actors of the repression, this article seeks to undo the traditional dichotomy between popular dictatorship and repressive totalitarianism, showing that these two sides actually came together in the spies’ lives.
The Fascist treatment of homosexuality gives us insight into the inner contradictions of the repression enacted by the regime. The police force cultivated a dual relationship with homosexuals: it exploited them for their contacts, but persecuted them as “enemies of the new man” who undermined Fascist morality. My article aims at illustrating this relationship, by focusing on the cases of two prominent foreign police informers: Roberto Hodel and Gerhard Dobbert. The relationship is important because these individuals linger in a space of ambiguity—an essential feature of espionage. As Allan Hepburn explained when defining his theory of intrigue, “the spy’s appeal is his ambiguity, his articulation of doubts, violence, and mixed motives” (13). The spy novels and movies that Hepburn analyzes seem to mirror the archival documents in that the ambiguity lies not only in the spy’s motives, but also in his allegiance to a particular state and its hierarchical structure: “Secret agents work inside and outside hierarchical structures at the same time....Because authority is dispersed throughout the hierarchy, no one controls all details of intelligence” (Hepburn 34). And just as the spy “never sees the full picture” and espionage narratives do “not have to announce for whom the agent works” (Hepburn 34), historians who read these documents are sometimes left to speculate in order to resolve doubts. Giving only a one-sided answer to some of the questions that the archival cases elicit would be too reductive, because a nuanced study of surveillance—by the very nature of its object—needs observant eyes and a complex set of analytic lenses. I will therefore attempt to offer a multi-layered answer.
Archival documents are not spy fiction, but they share the ambiguity of the genre and raise questions for fictional representations of espionage. Spies live in a gray zone of blurred agencies and conflicting incentives. Just as in fiction spy characters play a deceitful role, so these archival documents offer us what the Fascist spies—often homosexual themselves—reported about these queer police informers. The historian is therefore confronted with a complex ramification of deceit, where those doing the spying are also spied upon. The challenge lies in the equally deceitful medium: the historian gets to know these police informers through the eyes of those who were watching them, to the point that these informers have no voice of their own in the sources and sometimes seem to be stripped of their agency. Scholars who deal with this documentation finds themselves confronted with a problem of methodology: Where does the truth stand? Do we ever really penetrate the universe of the watched through the perspective of the watchers or are we left with speculation? These questions are particularly important for a historian, whose first task is always to question the reliability of the sources—and this has never become more apparent than when dealing with espionage.
The archival documents are also emblematic of the conflicting relationship that spying has with loyalty. As Erin Carlston has pointed out, “Not all spies are traitors to their own nations, but in one sense all are treacherous; they are supposed to lie and deceive, to perform loyalties that they do not actually feel” (4). So a foreign spy is both useful and dangerous, since the country that employs him or her never has the certainty that the spy is not working as a double agent, in the interests of a foreign power. Carlston is, furthermore, excellent at underlining the connection between queer sexuality and spying: both seem to require a condition of secrecy, so that one could argue that queer characters make the perfect spies. Although not criminalized in Fascist Italy, homosexuality was demonized, which made queer individuals vulnerable to blackmail and the perfect targets of the Fascist quest for informers. One questions, however, the extent to which a spy can be loyal to the regime, when the latter has coerced him or her into undertaking the job.
Indeed, is a spy ever loyal? No one is better than John le Carré at capturing the troubled essence of the “cold” life of a spy: never a moment of true relief or honesty; a conflicted sense of identity and belonging; a never-ending struggle with suspicion. If the “practice of deception” is for the spy “a matter of experience, a professional expertise,” it is hard for the secret agent to simply “return from his performance” like an actor, go back to regular life when the job is done (Spy 120). In the character of Alec Leamas “the spy and the man are also so thoroughly entangled as to be inseparable” (Lassner 205). Being a spy is ultimately the only “true” identity a spy has: “Leamas may not be able to come in from the cold because the cold is who he is” (Lassner 205). And when deception becomes the price to pay for immunity, the spy seems to reach a point of no return: being spied upon soon translates into becoming a spy out of self-preservation.
Such is the case of the two queer foreign nationals in Fascist Italy who are the subject of this essay. If in works of fiction, the condition of the spy is very often connected to that of the foreign alien (see, for example, Eric Ambler’s Uncommon Danger), the archival documents are symptomatic of the same issues. Just as spy novels become open-ended trajectories of several stages of suspicion, these layers of ambiguity are multiplied in the surveillance reports that I read. But in these documents the distrust of the foreign alien is combined with the rejection of homosexuality.
Queer foreign aliens are the ultimate stranger, the ultimate “other.” Their condition can be compared to that of the Jews, defined by Hannah Arendt as “pariahs”: stateless people, who never achieve the juridical or political status of citizens or are explicitly excluded from any form of citizenship (Origins 22; Jewish 275). Arendt furthermore links the condition of the stateless refugee to that of the exile in her reflections on the demolition of the right to asylum: “Arendt situates the stateless exile in an imprisoning no man’s land where there is no negotiation for an acceptable identity” (Lassner 7). Queer spies are construed as “pariahs,” but they are neither “stateless” nor “unconditionally loyal to the state,” a totalitarian state that both condemns and takes advantage of their “otherness.” They occupy an ambiguous position, with their shifting identity and complicated relationship with citizenship and belonging to a specific state. As Hepburn puts it: “In effect, a spy belongs nowhere” (11). And spy fiction and the historical documents I analyzed are comparable in the way they highlight the inextricable connection between spy and exile, or spy and other: “Frightening and threatening to others and even to themselves” (Lassner 9). Spies, Jews, and homosexuals all share one feature: “Invisible Others passing as the Same, they could act like, and on behalf of, both the ‘us’ within the nation and the ‘them’ outside it” (Carlston 5).
The queer spies that are the object of this essay pose an additional challenge. While it may be incorrect to apply the lexicon of genocide—that of “victims” and “perpetrators”—to them, it is nevertheless true that these homosexual spies seemed to ambiguously occupy both of those roles: threatened by the Fascist regime, they accepted becoming its accomplices, participating in its crimes.2 I would therefore like to stress three layers of ambiguity that emerge from the analysis of the archival documents: First, the extent of these spies’ loyalty to the Italian government was questionable, and yet, they had been specifically recruited by the Fascist regime in response to concerns about the possibility of international intrigues and a diminished view of Italy in the foreign public opinion—an opinion that Hodel was specifically tasked to redress in his capacity as president of the foreign press association. Second, as I previously mentioned, the spies swung between the roles of victims and accomplices of the regime; they were persecuted, but, in turn, became the persecutors’ accomplices or persecutors themselves when they agreed to serve as informers. Third, it is true that both the police and their informers adopted the language of moral opprobrium to describe the gay men on whom they spied. However, they were in the end more interested in using these individuals than in actually containing them for their “inappropriate” behavior; the instrumental use prevailed over the principles of Fascist ideology. I will first establish the framework of the Fascist treatment of homosexuality and then address these layers of ambiguity through Dobbert’s and Hodel’s stories.
A Legal Vacuum Conducive to Terror
In Ettore Scola’s 1977 film A Special Day (Una Giornata Particolare), Marcello Mastroianni plays the role of Gabriele, a gay radio broadcaster who has been dismissed from his job and is about to be deported to confinement (confino) because of his homosexuality. Sociologist Erving Goffman describes confino as one of the “total institutions”: “Places where ‘a large number of like-situated individuals, cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period of time, together lead an enclosed, formally administered round of life’” (qtd. in Benadusi 113–14). This was the solution that Fascism chose in the absence of a formal criminalization of homosexuality.
The Fascist Minister of Justice, Alfredo Rocco, started drafting a new Penal Code in 1925. Among its goals was “strengthen[ing] the protection of the family and public morality” and “protect[ing] the integrity and the future of the race” (Benadusi 96–7). In his initial draft of the code, there was a specific article, number 528, against homosexual relationships:
Article 528—Homosexual Relationships: Anyone who...performs libidinous acts on persons of the same sex, or consents to such acts, is punishable by imprisonment from six months to three years if the events cause public scandal. The penalty is imprisonment from one to five years: 1) if the person guilty is over twenty-one years old and commits the act on a person under eighteen years of age; 2) if the act is performed habitually, or for profit. (Rocco 206)
However, after a long discussion, the article was eliminated from the code, on the grounds that such measures were not necessary “because fortunately Italy can proudly say that this abominable vice is not so widespread among us as to justify legislative intervention” (Benadusi 104). Benadusi contends that “direct legal action against homosexuality was effectively substituted by its demonization, while virility was exalted and protected through repressive measures of control” (110). Like “harmful viruses or infectiously sick people,” individuals who were problematic for the regime’s official narrative, such as homosexuals, were simply removed from circulation: “The Duce himself said that confino was ‘social hygiene, a national preventive treatment. These individuals are removed from circulation just like a doctor isolates an infectious person’” (Benadusi 114).
While I do not deny that such demonization occurred, I would argue that it was especially the lack of a binding legal reference that allowed the Fascist police to take advantage of influential homosexuals to gain information. In this respect, Dobbert’s and Hodel’s cases are particularly illuminating. Had there been a specific measure in the legal code, the police would not have had such carte blanche. Totalitarian regimes often take advantage of similar legal vacuums, structuring themselves as permanent states of emergency, where immediate action is more important than the law.3 Dobbert’s and Hodel’s stories also provide insights into the Fascist regime’s ambiguous definition of “morality,” quickly and comfortably forgotten in the name of more pressing political needs.
The official narrative advertised the Fascist “new man”: a “monument” of masculinity, exuberant of virile strength, “energetic, courageous, and fervently agonistic” (Benadusi 20). He was the opposite of the bourgeois man: he was a man of action and not a man of thought. And he was a man committed to the greatest action of all, war: “War alone brings up to its highest tension all human energy and puts the stamp of nobility upon the peoples who have the courage to meet it” (Mussolini 41). The Fascist “new men” were obviously very similar to the Nazi Volksgenossen, Hitler’s “racial comrades”: part of the Volksgemeinschaft or “national community,” they were supposed to symbolize “the transcending of class, denominational, and political divisions through a new ethnic unity based on ‘true’ German values” (Kershaw 172). The precursors of the ‘racial comrades’ were the Freikorps, with their values of male bonding and brotherhood (Theweleit, vol. 1, 169).4 But there is one essential difference: while the Freikorps essentially avoided erotic women, and seemed to fear them (Theweleit, vol. 1, 227), the Fascist “new man” was also the opposite of the gay man, because there was no Fascist without a woman at his side—a woman, however, “depicted as wife and mother and subjugated to male supremacy and vigorously devoted to the ‘political’ function of producing children for the Fascist state” (Benadusi xv). In A Special Day, this woman is perfectly portrayed by Sofia Loren’s ill-educated and overworked Antonietta, married to an arrogant and rude Fascist “new man,” whose life goal, despite his infidelity, seems to be to procreate their seventh child and finally obtain the prize that the regime awarded to large families. Fascism rewarded procreative zeal and bashed “non-men” like Mastroianni’s Gabriele with a “singles tax.” And Loren’s Antonietta is proof that this narrative was powerful: before she meets Gabriele and he opens her eyes to the hypocrisy of the regime, she idolizes Mussolini. She spends her scarce free time making portraits of Il Duce with buttons or collecting press clippings and pictures of his adventures in an album, where she also writes some Fascist slogans that perfectly summarize Mussolini’s views on the “new man”: “A man must be a husband, a father, and a soldier” (“L’uomo deve essere marito, padre e soldato”) and “Incompatible with female physiology and psychology, genius is only male” (“Inconciliabile con la fisiologia e la psicologia femminile, il genio è soltanto maschio”).
And yet, this was but the official narrative. Analysis of the archival documents shows that the “moral” scandals of which the Fascist police took advantage, to turn homosexuals into spies for the regime, came in handy. The regime heavily relied on surveillance, on “the practice of gathering information on influential figures, at times using it in their favor, at others against them” (Benadusi 214). By capitalizing on those scandals, the regime could turn people against each other and build a network of informers. Nobody felt safe in such an atmosphere: The Fascist government suspected both Dobbert and Hodel of being spies for their respective foreign governments, but they were also spied upon by and turned into spies for the Fascist regime. Their cases are proof that the line between their persecution by and their collusion with the regime is difficult to draw. If Dobbert’s agency is more ephemeral than Hodel’s, they both underscore a relationship to the universe of terror that totalitarian regimes carefully built. In such a universe, submission to terror was an element of normality. Police spies first submitted to terror as victims of the regimes, but their later actions helped to uphold the very system that oppressed them. By looking at them as the ambiguous enabling wheels of this universe of terror, one ultimately understands where totalitarian regimes first succeeded and then failed: at keeping a hold on their people.
The First Layer: Untrustworthy Spies
Dobbert’s file in the Polizia Politica tells us that he was a German “professor of political economy, scientist of great value” (“Appunto,” no author, date). He was famous for a book he had published on the Soviet economy. He was a member of the National Socialist party, but “since 1931,” says the unsigned note, “his activity has taken place exclusively in Italy” (“Appunto”). At the bottom of the page, however, the unknown author of the note brings the first serious accusation:
Dr. Dobbert is very well known and appreciated in the milieu of foreign journalists, in the Germanic community and, especially, in the German Embassy. According to what has been reported by a reliable ‘fiduciary’ source [a paid informer], Dr. Dobbert, in addition to being a collaborator of German newspapers, is suspected of being the informer of the German Foreign Office on the Italian financial and industrial questions. (“Appunto”)
Dobbert was thus accused of industrial espionage. When questioned by the police, he asserted that he was “a convinced admirer of Il Duce, a fervent supporter of His politics, and a cult follower of the corporate discipline” (“Appunto”), alluding to his publications, which included a book titled Economia fascista (“Fascist Economy”), in which he openly praised corporatism.
The accusations against Hodel, who was subject to more than a decade of surveillance, were even more substantial. The police took advantage of homosexuals to spy on other homosexuals. In fact, Vittorio Terracini, a “Jewish tradesman from Turin” considered to be a “well-known and incorrigible pederast,” was one of the authors of the reports on Hodel (Benadusi 219). According to Terracini’s report of December 19, 1936, Hodel had employed his “friend” (a certain Silvio Gasparrini, who had been living with him in Rome) and his nephew Max Boesch in an antiquarian’s shop that he opened in their name. Terracini pointed out that the shop, located in Via della Vite, “was the landing and exchange place for all international inverts, the place of ‘exchange’ and ‘restock’ in the broadest and most obscene sense that can be understood in this particular case” (Terracini, report, 19 December 1936, Divisione Polizia Politica, hereinafter DPP, Hodel’s file). Hodel was also in close contact with other prominent homosexual informers, such as the journalist Italo Tavolato, who “had actively taken part in the futurist movement and was famous for his articles against traditional morality in Lacerba” (Benadusi 223). A prefect’s report in Hodel’s file states that Tavolato “is another amoral pervert, and as for politics, his sentiments are absolutely not straightforward and sincere” (3 December 1929, DPP, Hodel’s file). Tavolato was dismissed from the newspaper Tevere, for which he had been a correspondent, for “reasons of morality” and now collaborated with Hodel and Fritz Kusen, also “struck off the journalists’ register for his immoral conduct by the federation of the German press following the discovery of his love affair with Tavolato” (Benadusi 224). Tavolato is particularly interesting because, thanks to “his knowledge of Nazism, he was even authorized [by the Fascists] to accept secret assignments from the Gestapo and to immediately refer what he discovered about its organization and agents” (Benadusi 223).
The informers accused Hodel of being a duplicitous spy: the accusations ranged from spreading calumnies against the Fascist regime to being an antifascist. An unsigned report dated December 8, 1936, accuses him of having initiated a defamatory campaign against Count Galeazzo Ciano, the Foreign Minister of Fascist Italy (DPP, Hodel’s file). Terracini’s report of December 19, 1936, hints that the purpose of the antiquarian’s shop was also to find a “discreet and safe environment” to pursue his antifascist activities (DPP, Hodel’s file). Another anonymous report, dated March 8, 1937, claims that Hodel “continuously tries to diminish the value of Italian foreign politics and to ridicule all the internal provisions of the Fascist government, not hesitating to offend the very person of the Head of the Government, Mussolini,” whom he even referred to with the scornful German expression “diesen Burschen” [hence dismissing him as “this guy”] (DPP, Hodel’s file).
Thus, the archives present us with this first layer of ambiguity: could Dobbert and Hodel, the prominent professor of political economy and the outspoken president of the Foreign Press Association, be loyal spies for the Italian government, or was the first one working for Germany and the second really acting as an antifascist at every opportunity? These files underscore my argument that the spies’ allegiance is ultimately deceptive and their loyalty essentially ambiguous. But if Dobbert’s and Hodel’s foreign nationalities hint at possibilities of international intrigue, their charges of “immorality” further complicate the picture. They are not only outsiders because they are foreigners in Fascist Italy: their main crime—which makes them the ideal target of the Fascist threats—is their failure to conform to the gold standard of the Fascist “new man.”
The Second Layer: Victims or Accomplices?
The second page of the note on Dobbert details the nature of his “immorality”: "Our trustee services, in charge of the surveillance on Dobbert, discovered a dark side of his personality, a side that does not absolutely bring him honor. Dobbert, although married and with a son, has homosexual tendencies with a special fondness for young boys" (“Appunto”). In Milan, Dobbert became acquainted with a procurer, who offered him the services of a young boy, “evidently already educated in such dubious matters” (“Appunto”). The boy entered Dobbert’s room where he “played a pitiful comedy, with tears and scenes of sorrow” (“Appunto”). The report claims that Dobbert surrendered to the procurer’s offer, but given the young boy’s behavior, he sent him away. But what the informer writing the report defines as a “comedy” quickly turned out to be an extortion and continued as the young boy came back to Dobbert’s room later, accompanied by a “little more than eight-year-old” kid. Dobbert sent them away, but the whole scheme had been organized by the procurer to put himself in the position of blackmailing the professor (“Appunto”).
The report states that “the comedy turned into a tragedy” when the boy’s parent sued the procurer for “kidnapping of a minor for purpose of lust” and Dobbert was accused of complicity (“Appunto”). Dobbert was arrested on February 6, 1935, released 19 days later, and awaited trial for April 6, 1935. We learn that Dobbert justified the presence of the boy in his room to the Magistrate as some sort of “inquiry of social character” that he was conducting. The informer cynically comments: “An argument which between Germans, maniacs of Kultur, could work, but among us [Italians] has a very limited value” (“Appunto”). So Dobbert found himself at the mercy of the police chief, who offered him help in exchange for his services as an informer. Being afraid of the consequences that the trial could have on his career, he agreed to be a spy for the Fascists, pledging to the usual contract on March 22, 1935, and taking on the pseudonym of “Gustavo” (Canali 156). Here we really see the previously described dynamic at play: threatened by the Fascist regime, Dobbert accepted to become its accomplice, its spy.
The Fascists exerted a similar pressure on Hodel, as he, too, got caught in a “shameful” accident. In 1936 two grenadiers, Carlo Bertoldi and Pietro Vienna, guilty of exchanging letters (including the one in the introduction) and engaging in inappropriate relationships with Hodel, were arrested and interrogated by the Fascist police. The anonymous informer notes that the Foreign Press president, despite being a spy, had no fear of being exposed: “Hodel, because of the simple fact that he serves the Regime (not even without pay, on the contrary!), believes that he benefits from an absolute impunity” (Ministry of Popular Culture, Gabinetto, Hodel’s file). Evidently the same protection did not apply to his partners. Two French citizens, Émile Jacques Lang and René Germain, with whom Hodel, Bertoldi, and Vienna also had relationships, as well as Hodel’s nephew Max Boesch, were involved in the scandal. While Vienna did not admit anything in his interrogation, Bertoldi was quite candid and admitted having intercourse with Hodel to receive money (Questionnaire presented to the Corporal Major Bertoldi Carlo, Ministry of Popular Culture, Hodel’s file). Whereas both Vienna and Bertoldi were assigned to “a specific correctional squad for pederasty,” Hodel “came into possession of some compromising documents concerning his person” thanks to his connections and avoided his and his nephew’s direct involvement in the affair (Benadusi 268). However, Dino Alfieri, who was the secretary of Popular Culture at the time, and Galeazzo Ciano persuaded him “not to nominate himself for the post of Foreign Press president again” (268). Thus, in 1937 he left the position. Once again, Dobbert and Hodel appear to be both targets and actors of the Fascist repression: they ought to be persecuted “others,” and yet their collaboration is sought by the regime, until the regime determines that Hodel is more of a threat than a resource and wants to get rid of his uncomfortable presence.
Dobbert did not deal so well with the consequences of his actions. His spy career was tragically cut short:
Rome, April 5, 1935
Regarding the sudden and mysterious death of Dobbert, occurring on March 29 in Milan, we learn now from a German journalist, who received a letter from Dobbert’s wife, that [Dobbert] opened his veins and died of loss of blood. The 19 days he spent in Milan’s prison shook his nerves too much. (Letter to the police, unknown author, Dobbert’s file)
Shocked by the days spent in prison, upset by the potential consequences of his agreement with the Fascist police, he felt trapped and took his own life. His outsider status was ultimately the greatest factor in his demise. One cannot help but think about Leamas climbing back down the eastern side of the wall at the end of le Carré’s novel, after Liz has been shot, to be shot and killed too. Is dying the only way of “coming in from the cold” and ending the spy’s job? Leamas had tried to erase Liz. He did not succeed: “Liz returns as a catalyst of catastrophe. She exposes Leamas’s ruse and causes his death” (Hepburn 169). It is not possible to definitively erase memory or personal feelings: “The willful eradication of memory in The Spy Who Came in from the Cold results in dehumanization until too late when recognition of self-deceit leads to tragedy” (Lassner 207). In a similar way, Dobbert had deceived himself into thinking that he could spy for the Fascists, but ultimately could not lie to himself anymore.
Hodel, in contrast, had more leeway. An anonymous report of August 19, 1937, states that if when he was Foreign Press president he maintained, at least in public, a certain favorable attitude towards Fascism, now that he did not occupy that position anymore, he dropped the mask at last. The ambiguity of his allegiance to the Fascist regime emerges again from the report. The informer claims that “he generally speaks about the ‘facts’ but avoids naming people.” Lately, however, driven by his resentment against minister Alfieri for the consequences of the scandal we discussed before, he had accused Alfieri of being “not only one of the major cretins of Italy, but also one of the greediest profiteers” (Report, 19 August 1937, DDP, Hodel’s file). Not a very subtle move for a spy—maybe a deliberate attack to the regime? The Fascists also accused Hodel, who was also the correspondent for the Swiss daily newspaper Neue Zürcher Zeitung, of damaging the regime in his articles. In November 1938, another anonymous report accuses him of defeatism: he criticized Mussolini’s autarchic politics on grounds that the future generation had to pay its price, “unless a war made Italy the most miserable and poorest country on earth,” and then claimed that Italy would never take part in a European war because Fascism’s days were numbered (Anonymous report, 25 November 1938, DPP, Hodel’s file). As Benadusi remarked, some of Hodel’s friends claim that “he became anti-Fascist when Italy joined forces with Germany and the Axis; and that his hatred of Germany derived from the fact that Hitler and Himmler persecuted pederasts” (Benadusi 269). He appeared to some to be increasingly critical of the regime, while simultaneously spying for the Fascists and pretending to others to be loyal to the regime. And yet, it is only fitting that Hodel, as an outsider, escapes our categories: neither a Fascist nor an antifascist—but certainly, not ideologically close to the regime.
In February 1939, the notes mention a potential expulsion of Hodel from Italy (20 February 1939, DPP, Hodel’s file). Hodel’s situation becomes even more precarious in the extreme tension preceding Italy’s declaration of war, when the regime needed the Italians’ trust and could therefore not accept a critical voice. Nevertheless, better connected and more resourceful than Dobbert, he managed to have the measure of expulsion revoked, and in 1941, after a trip to Switzerland, was authorized to return to Italy. Tavolato continued to keep tabs on him, but he remained unscathed. At the end, we are left with the implications of Hodel’s ambiguous outsider status: his only allegiance seems to be to himself and to his survival.
Are Dobbert and Hodel victims or accomplices of the regime? Dobbert was already a member of the Nazi party before being threatened into becoming a spy for the Fascists, but what was the extent of his collusion with Nazi politics? Was he really a spy for the Germans or was he simply a party member for convenience? Does the tragic end of his spy career make him a victim? And what about Hodel—was he forced to work for the Fascists or did he gain real benefits from his position as president of the foreign press association and his life in Italy? Was he really committed to criticizing the regime, while keeping up the pretense of steering the foreign press towards pro-Fascist positions? These questions matter because, as stated before, these outsiders—these imperfect spies—ultimately appear to be the ambiguous enabling wheels of the universe of terror that the Fascist regime sought to create. They are proof that, in the Fascist totalitarianism, repression was not totally and perfectly enforced.
The Third Layer: Bending “Moral” Values to Political Needs
The issue of Dobbert’s dubious “culpability” in the scandal he was involved in is explicitly discussed by the informer who wrote the report: "As a whole, Dobbert’s responsibility in such a dubious business is very relative: without doubt he, in the first instance, attracted by the procurer’s offer, wanted to take advantage of it, but when he understood the boy’s game he returned to his senses and certainly gave up any aim. Thus we are only in the field of intentions" (“Appunto,” Dobbert’s file). It seems as if the author of the report is trying to find a mitigating circumstance for Dobbert, although that would not erase the previously noted “dark” side of his personality. The ambiguity of Dobbert’s agency is mirrored by the ambiguous description of his apparent change of heart.
Hodel’s more voluminous files in the Divisione Polizia Politica are heavy with observations about his morality: his moral vices are sometimes mixed with his political ones. The first report, dated April 3, 1928, focuses on his homosexual circle. The attorney Agostino Mormino— himself a homosexual and former assistant editor of Il Popolo, a newspaper close to the Italian People’s Party led by the Catholic priest Luigi Sturzo—is identified as Hodel’s procurer, who furnished him with the “boys” for his “orgies” (Hodel’s file). Their “acts of depravation” are detailed in several notes. The informers paint an increasingly gloomy picture of Hodel: “Extremely cunning man who knows ‘everything’ about ‘everybody’” (no author, 25 February 1933, Hodel’s file); his attitude is “a national disgrace for Switzerland” (no author, 13 May 1936, Hodel’s file); “in his long life, he distributed sizable amounts of money to young men who…knew him in the Biblical sense” (Terracini’s report, 13 September 1936, Hodel’s file); he is allowed “all licenses, even the most illicit and detrimental, in exchange for his supine complicity” (Terracini’s report, 19 September 1936, Hodel’s file); his “moral figure is too well known to be further highlighted” (no author, 8 December 1936, Hodel’s file); he slanders the Fascists, spreading “mumbles, insinuations, smiles full of significance and wickedness” in the foreign journalistic environments and embassies (same report); his attitude towards Italy is “among the most venomous, devious and immoral, because it offends the profound values of the Italian people in a much more harmful way than the openly antifascist attitude of some correspondents of the Foreign Press” (no author, 19 August 1937, Hodel’s file); Hodel “while getting older, becomes more and more clownish” (no author, 2 April 1940, Hodel’s file); he has no loyalty whatsoever and is “ready to serve anyone, provided that he can quietly remain in Rome” (no author, 18 July 1940, Hodel’s file).
The list is quite impressive—especially the assessment that Hodel may be even more of an antifascist than the openly antifascist foreign press correspondents. His homosexuality and outsider status become here a synonym of political dissidence. More than just being an outsider, he voluntarily acts like one. But if he is given greater political agency, the same homosexual spies adopt the homophobic language in their reports: As we previously saw, Terracini talks about the antiquarian’s shop as a “landing and exchange place for all international inverts, the place of ‘exchange’ and ‘restock’ in the broadest and most obscene sense that can be understood in this particular case” (Terracini’s report, 19 December 1936, Hodel’s file). Once again, the Fascist repression is both enforced and disrupted by the outsiders, who adopt the homophobic language here—a language that condemned their very identity.
Here lies, therefore, the third layer of ambiguity. Homophobic prejudice was deeply rooted among the Fascists: although the specific article against homosexual relationships did not make it into the penal code, “homosexuality was listed as a specific category” in the surveillance reports, “often referred to in the personal files of people watched by the police precisely for their ‘particular’ sexual tendency” (Benadusi 212). Difference was perceived as a material, a moral and a political threat to the regime. Being “morally” acceptable also coincided with being a true Fascist, on the right political side. The treatment of alleged pederasts was even more ambiguous, “hovering somewhere between sin and crime, vice and illness” (Benadusi 212). We are therefore confronted with ambiguous definitions and an even more ambiguous outcome: despite the reports’ ambiguity, the police seemed to be neither motivated by moral concerns nor interested in defending Fascist virility. Instead, they identified a potential informer and used his sexual tendencies as leverage in order to convince him to become one. The growing intolerance in the reports about Hodel is due more to his growing “antifascism” than to any conduct of his that could have been considered immoral.
In principle, homosexuality was for the Fascists a negative archetype: the absence of virility. This lack was absolutely incompatible with the ideological premises of the regime. As George Mosse has clearly shown, Mussolini’s “new man” had to be quintessentially masculine: a fighter, constantly in action, wearing a uniform, marching and practicing physical exercise (The Image 160). Could homosexual agents be any of the above? For the Fascists, certainly not. But what they could do was use their “immoral” networks to spy for the regime—a lesser evil for a greater good.
Both the Fascist and Nazi regimes advertised a narrative of morality and respectability, of which the Duce and the Führer were to be considered the embodiment and greatest realizations. And yet, for the Fascist police, homosexuality became a tool for controlling individuals and turning them into spies at its service, one of many examples of the contradictions between the totalitarian narrative and practice. Instead of safeguarding morality and enforcing respectability, the police “tolerated” homosexuality in exchange for information. In pursuing this policy, the Fascists seemed to clash with their own ideology, but also to construct pragmatic principles and practices that identified these outsiders as disposable tools: unfit to be Fascists, but useful to uphold the Fascist repression.
The Fascist “new man” had already found an obstacle in what Benadusi calls the “bourgeois canon of respectability”: while the latter “defended the private sphere from political interference,” Fascism hammered on the heroism of the politically engaged mass. In their “antibourgeois campaign,” the Fascists preached against the bourgeois man, characterizing him as effeminate and ridiculing him as a dandy (Benadusi 291–92). Homosexuality posed an even bigger problem, especially in light of the absence of antihomosexual sanctions in the penal code. How to tackle it, then? Fascism’s response seems to be a combination of concealment and exploitation: homosexual spies could come in handy, as long as their practices were not advertised.
These homosexual spies, however, seemed to be part of a failed “totalitarian experiment,” to use one of Emilio Gentile’s concepts: essentially, the regime’s structural plan to subjugate individuals to its goal and ideological grounds. Gentile notes that the “limits of Fascist totalitarianism are not sufficient to deny that it existed and had effects; in the same way the contradictions between myth and realization do not disprove the importance of the presence and function of myth in Fascist politics” (Gentile, La Via Italiana al Totalitarismo 148–50, qtd. in Benadusi 404). But Dobbert’s and Hodel’s cases are proof that police intimidation does not always lead to the expected results: these spies are imperfect tools, just as their place in the Fascist universe is blurry. Dobbert did not respond well to the pressure; Hodel did not accomplish his task and was ultimately more detrimental than useful to the image of the regime abroad.
If the archival documents about Dobbert and Hodel suggest insights about the police exploitation of homosexual informers, they are also voicing the regime’s concern for Italy’s international power and the view of the country in the foreign public opinion. Mussolini cared enormously about the view of the regime from abroad. His plans for a “national regeneration” and crafting of a Fascist “new man” were paired with illusions of national conquest (Ben-Ghiat 2). He dreamed of creating “a Mediterranean and Red Sea empire”—a dream that later escalated with the invasion of Ethiopia (Ben-Ghiat123). Thus, foreign spies could also be tasked to influence the foreign public opinion in favor of the regime.
The biggest concern with Dobbert seems actually to be that he might reveal industrial secrets to Germany. His expertise in economics makes him even more dangerous in the eyes of the Fascist regime: an anonymous report of June 12, 1934, specifies that he is well suited for this kind of espionage “for his incredible knowledge of the world economy” (no author, 12 June 1934, Dobbert’s file). The same concern about Germany appears in some reports in Hodel’s file, such as one titled “Trustee news” and dated April 15, 1938, where the unknown author discussed the issue of Germany’s expansionist goals of attaining an outlet in the Mediterranean with Yugoslavia’s support—a project that would obviously undercut Germany’s friendship with Italy (“Notizie fiduciarie,” no author, 15 April 1938, DPP, Hodel’s file). But more generally and importantly, Hodel is constantly accused of spreading malicious gossip and defeatism about the Fascist regime. While he acts as an asset of the police because he wants to remain president of the Foreign Press Association and continue to live comfortably in Rome, he also targets the regime in every possible way. First, he challenges Fascist morality with his immoral conduct—and the Fascists consider his relationships with the soldiers particularly worrisome in light of the dreaded potential infiltration of homosexuals in the army. Second, he does the opposite of what he is asked—stirring the public opinion in favor of the regime—with his deprecation of the regime’s policies, geopolitical role, and hierarchs, such as Ciano and Alfieri. Finally, he eludes the Fascist control, with the self-assuredness that the feeling of being essential to the regime gives him. While Dobbert succumbs to the pressure of his new role of spy, Hodel gains from it more than he loses. Surveillance becomes a double edged sword for the Fascists and sometimes is turned against them by the very ones they thought they were keeping in check. The Fascist repression fails, because the spies do not always act in accordance with the regime.
A careful analysis of the documents leaves us incapable of labeling Dobbert and Hodel as “victims” or “accomplices,” since they occupy an ambiguous, shifting position. We are however left with the impression that in the Fascist regime surveillance takes on an agency of its own: the limits of the spies’ actions are always defined by the possibility that someone else may be spying on them. This mirroring dynamic has both historical and narrative implications. The historical outcome is the failure of the totalitarian system of surveillance, whose premises of uncontested allegiance and unchallenged terror do not ultimately work. The narrative implications consist of a multi-layered gaze, once again reminiscent of those of fictional characters. Just as we do not know whether Hodel is ultimately working for or against the Fascists, le Carré’s Spy does not tell us until the end where Mundt’s loyalty is. And yet, spy fiction provides that final answer or plot twist that archival documents are more reticent to give.
Even without a definitive interpretation, Dobbert’s and Hodel’s stories expand our knowledge of the inner workings of Fascist surveillance. Mussolini had deliberately set up this atmosphere: his policy in regard to his regime was reminiscent of the Romans’ divide et impera—“a system of rivalry and distrust, conflicting ambitions, suspicion, and slander aimed at weakening the power of the most influential gerarchi [party officials] and rising above them as the arbitrator of their fights” (Benadusi 214). The secretary of the Nationalist Fascist Party, Roberto Farinacci, “maintained emblematically that ‘every Fascist must be a carabiniere [policeman] to the next.5 The regime thus capitalized on this constant feeling of the spy’s insecurity, of being under surveillance, to strengthen Mussolini’s charisma as a leader and prevent other Fascists from replacing Il Duce’s leadership. Morality and sexual tendency were reduced to tools to keep the wheels of this complex system turning, but the wheels brought the system to places the Fascist regime did not always anticipate.
1Copy of Roberto Hodel’s letter to Corporal Carlo Bertoldi signed by Major O. Carnevali, in Central Archives of the State in Rome, Ministry of Popular Culture, Gabinetto, folder 11, Roberto Hodel’s file [all translations of primary sources are mine].
2For the discussion of the categories of “victim” and “perpetrator” as the main roles in genocide (together with that of bystander), see Hilberg, Perpetrators Victims Bystanders: Jewish Catastrophe 1933–1945. For a more complete discussion of the existing literature, see Vollhardt and Bilewicz, After the Genocide: Psychological Perspectives on Victim, Bystander, and Perpetrator Groups.
3See Schmitt, Political Theology and Dictatorship, and Agamben, State of Exception and Homo Sacer.
4While Theweleit challenges the acritical and automatic use of the notions of either latent or overt homosexuality to describe the fascist terror, he concedes that it is “more than likely that something akin to a ‘latent’ homosexuality, and an associated ‘damming up of the drives,’ played a constitutive part in the fascist terror.” See Male Fantasies, vol. 2, 307.5See “Roberto Farinacci ai fascisti cremonesi,” Il Regime fascista, November 1, 1927, cited in Benadusi 372, note 7.
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Vecchioni, Domenico. Le Spie del Fascismo: Uomini, Apparati e Operazioni di Intelligence nell’Italia del Duce. Olimpia, 2005.
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://scalar.usc.edu/works/the-space-between-literature-and-culture-1914-1945/vol13_2017_carnaghi
|
2023-10-02T09:28:30Z
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| 0.950023
| 13,079
|
Interview done with Hakan Ebabil, CTO at Chargemap, the community platform dedicated to electromobility accross Europe.
My name is Hakan Ebabil, I'm the CTO at Chargemap a company I've started with my co-founder Yoann Nussbaumer in 2015. We've been knowing each other for nearly 15 years. Yoann was my first boss at his previous company (Skalpel). After that experience I worked for a consulting company, then an ecommerce website. I eventually worked as a freelance for a while. This is when I've reconnected with Yoann and I decided to get involved in the Chargemap project.
First of all, Chargemap is a community database gathering charging stations for electric vehicles (EV). The idea of the service sprouted in 2001 with the wave of “new” electric vehicle models. At the time, there wasn't any common repository to help EV drivers going from one point to another. The autonomy of those vehicles was rather limited and it was a real pain for drivers that wanted to buy an electric vehicle.
Our application are here to help the community of EV drivers. They can search, add or modify pieces of information about charging stations, add photos, comments, share their experience at the station, etc. Ultimately, our app allows EV drivers to be more confident about their travel, especially when they are far from home. Today, this community gathers 260,000 members and grows with 10,000 new members per month. That means 1 European EV driver (our main market) out of 4 uses Chargemap!
For 2 years now, Chargemap has started a new business: EV drivers are now allowed to charge on any public stations network with one unique badge, the Chargemap Pass. It's an RFID badge, compatible with many charging networks accross Europe. We deal with roaming and billing with all those entities so that our users can free their mind. We also propose this solution as a white label with automakers like Jaguar.
The technical infrastructure of Chargemap has changed a lot in the past 7-8 years. Because our business has also changed a lot and we had to adapt and create new softwares continuously. But also because our tech team has grown and matured. That's why our expectations towards our providers has changed over time as well.
The only constant is that all our providers have always been located in France.
Before we discovered Scalingo, we experimented with several flavor of hosting. We first moved from a classic hosting (dedicated servers), with a third-party contractor handling the system administration, to a private cloud platform (vSphere) and back to our initial choice but with another contractor. But in the end, no solution did really suit us. There was always a pain point: either the provider did not satisfy us fully, or the monitoring was not pro-active, either there were too many administration or security tasks on our shoulders, or we simply had too many failures… In short, it means that we spent a lof of time dealing with problems that shouldn't be our problems. We couldn't focus on the essentials: create business value by writing software.
About two years ago, we've started a profound change of software architecture. We decided to move from a monolithic system to a galaxy of microservices. During the process, we designed our applications to be more cloud ready and less "provider dependant".
We did not want to spend hours configuring servers anymore. We did not want to manage security updates by ourselves. We did not want to wait several hours / days before a simple nginx update. We wanted to be free to migrate quickly from one supplier to another if needed. In short, we wanted flexibility, scalability, performance, stability, and most importantly: we wanted to be able to focus on our real job.
Scalingo was the ideal partner to help us in this change process. From the beginning we were seduced by the speed with which we have been deploying new versions and new applications. The configuration of the application is very simple, straight to the point. We mainly use PHP and adding a few more lines to the compose.json file to configure our deployment, helps us getting to production faster. We do not have to wait for support tickets to be resolved, hours or days after being created. We are free to decide and test different configurations by ourselves. And that's priceless.
The tech team at Chargemap is composed of 2 teams of 4 to 5 people. Scalingo's Dashboard helps us share information between collaborators with a UI that goes straight to the point. Especially since that I know the UI/UX will go in a direction that totally suits me, to better control your projects, collaborators and applications when you have a lot to manage. The dashboard allows each team member to get the same monitoring informations which was very difficult with our former providers.
The notifications system is another thing that helps us in our daily life. The Slack integration is really easy to setup (it's a matter of 3 clicks). It's this kind of real time communications that helps us be more reactive when bad things happen to our apps and spread vital information among the tech team and the people at Chargemap as a whole. We found that it's the perfect companion to Pingdom.
Finally, in the rare cases where we couldn't find a solution by ourselves to our technical need, the availability, the professionalism and the highly technical knowledge of Scalingo's support team is the icing on the cake. Being able to get support with a simple chat message and get answers within minutes makes a big difference in our business where each minute is important, especially during crisis.
Going with Scalingo is a strategic choice which lets us concentrate on what we should do best: satisfying Chargemap's users. Using Scalingo makes it hard and painful to go back to a more traditional hosting service.
Today, we have sliced our monolithic legacy app into microservices that have been migrated to Scalingo. Critical business functions are now hosted on Scalingo: interoperability services, billing and the community management platform. Others will follow.
You can follow Hakan on Twitter.
|
<urn:uuid:23dc82dc-007f-49be-882b-40cee789a883>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://scalingo.com/customers/chargemap
|
2023-10-02T07:34:39Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.968812
| 1,277
|
Add a bit of sparkle to her wardrobe with this beautiful necklace; Features a morse code pattern of "you're loved" and layered look. Charming necklace is made of quality brass, semi-precious stone materials; Complements that special lady's wardrobe. Timeless and beautiful, this necklace measures approximately 18 inches long with gold and silver tone finish. Timeless piece of jewelry with a simple and elegant design; Perfect for everyday wear. From the Morse Code Jewelry Collection; Contained in protective packaging; Ready for easy gifting for a birthday, Mother's Day, or other special event.
|
<urn:uuid:26df10be-f4ac-4321-94ad-8cac2fe399a0>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://scarlettassel.com/store/Jewelry-Necklace-Morse-Code-Youre-Loved-p488899465
|
2023-10-02T07:55:16Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.890649
| 123
|
Maternity as a Legal Fiction: Infanticide and Sir Walter Scott's The Heart of Midlothian
Women's Rights Law Reporter
This article explores the complex reification and mythologizing of the feminine in law and literature, using Sir Walter Scott's influential historical novel, The Heart of Midlothian, to explicate the legal stories surrounding the category of "maternity." First, we will begin with Scott's legal background in order to examine how his legal expertise influences his novels. Second, we will examine the law of infanticide in Scotland and England during the time frame of the novel, focusing on the legal fiction of presumptive guilt underpinning the infanticide statute at issue. Third, we will explore the interrelated maternity narratives of the statute and the novel in light of Rene' Girard's work on "persecution texts" (i.e., documents legitimizing collective violence against a scapegoat figure). My conclusion is that Walter Scott's The Heart of Midlothian and the 1690 infanticide statute which fuels its plot activate a complex of tensions around the concept of maternity. The text's narrative structure mirrors the key element of the statute- concealment. Scott gives us depths and surfaces, interiors and exteriors. He conceals in order to reveal, hides in order that we may find. In particular, Scott reveals the statute's operation as a persecution text and critiques the scapegoat role into which unwed mothers are forced. But in critiquing an already obsolete statute and revealing the persecution of women underpinning that statute, the text itself also constructs another, hidden scapegoat- the murderous mother.
Lenora Ledwon, Maternity as a Legal Fiction: Infanticide and Sir Walter Scott's The Heart of Midlothian, 18 WOMEN's Rts. L. REP. 1 (1996).
|
<urn:uuid:2a1c4db3-0bad-43cd-96c0-d92b2d19cae2>
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://scholarship.stu.edu/faculty_articles/111/
|
2023-10-02T07:22:36Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.900725
| 413
|
The University of Queensland, located in Australia, offers partial scholarships worth 25% or 50% of the law’s component of the undergraduate and master’s degree program for international students who want to pursue a career in law. The prestigious university located in Australia is one of Australia’s leading universities and is internationally esteemed as one of the world’s most reputable universities. This scholarship was established to promote academic excellence in incoming graduate students at the UQ specializing in Law.
seen? The Honjo International Scholarship Foundation 2022 -Fully Funded
UQ is ranked in top 50 universities in QS World Rankings. Number 47 precisely The university is located in Brisbane, Australia’s third largest city. Since 2011, UQ has been ranked #1 in Australia and among top 100 universities worldwide according to Times Higher Education (THE) rankings. UQ was also rated by QS World University Rankings as # 1 institution globally for citations per faculty member.
check this! How to Write a Compelling Academic Curriculum Vitae For Scholarships
This is a great opportunity for international students who wish to study in Australia. Studying in Australia means more than just visiting a new place—it means immersing yourself in an exciting culture and taking your studies to another level. More than 50,000 international students study in Australia every year. Australia offers an excellent lifestyle. The country’s history stretches back thousands of years, which can be experienced through cultural events and festivals around Australia.
- program: Undergraduate / Masters
- Institution(s): UQ
- host country: Australia.
- Program Period: 4 years for Undergraduate. Two years for Masters.
- Deadline: The deadline for students commencing in Semester 1 is 30 October. The deadline for students commencing in Semester 2 is 15 May.
University of Queensland Scholarship Benefits
Queensland University Scholarship provides the scholarship recipients with the following:
- Two scholarships are offered for undergraduate.
- Four scholarships are on offer; two scholarships covering 50% of the tuition fees and two scholarships covering 25% of the tuition fees for courses undertaken towards the Master of Laws (LLM), Master of International Law (MIL) or Master of International Commercial Law (MICLaw) programs.
- The scholarship does not include living expenses, travel expenses, overseas health cover or the Student Services and Amenities fee.
Eligibility Criteria for University of Queensland Law Scholarship
To be eligible for UQ Law Scholarship, interested candidates must fulfill all of the following requirements below
- The candidate must be proficient in English Required Language: English
- All the countries around the globe are eligible to apply for this scholarship
- the scholarship is for International students who have applied or are applying for admission into a postgraduate program in law and who have not yet commenced at UQ.
- Students must not simultaneously hold a similar scholarship.
How to Apply for University of Queensland Law Scholarship?
(1) First of, head over to apply to study at UQ. You are to apply to study the LLM, MIL, MICLaw or dual degree programs.
(2) Once you have an existing application with UQ, or have received an offer, you can apply for a scholarship by submitting the online application form together with the following supporting documentation:”
- official academic transcript/s
- two reference letters
Also take note of the following:
- Incomplete or late scholarship applications will not be considered.
- The Scholarship Committee will meet as soon as practicable after the closing date and applicants will be notified of the outcome in writing.
- Any offer of a scholarship is made subject to approval of the candidate’s enrolment in an approved law program at The University of Queensland.
- For queries or assistance please contact: .
Students who are shortlisted for consideration may be required to participate in a Skype interview.
University of Queensland official Website
For more about Queensland University Law Scholarship, please visit official website:
- Undergraduate Scholarship
- Postgraduate Scholarship
|
<urn:uuid:9a1c2e3f-f78e-44a8-bc6c-21e658827c21>
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://scholarshipsspring.com/university-of-queensland/
|
2023-10-02T08:10:14Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.9349
| 840
|
Associating Driver Behavior to Surrounding Environments and Cyclist Presence
Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy
Civil and Construction Engineering
Valerian Kwigizile, Ph.D.
Jun-Seok Oh, Ph.D.
Ron Van Houten, Ph.D.
Cognitive workload, cyclist, work zone
Cycling is an important mode of transportation since it has various advantages for traffic, the environment, and user health. Increasing the number of travelers who use bicycle as their travel mode can reduce traffic congestion, fuel consumption, and pollution while also improving traffic mobility. Despite the benefits of cycling as an active mode of transportation, cyclist safety on the road is considered one of the most crucial challenges that may deter people from cycling. The interaction between a motorist and a bicycle on the road has been a critical topic for decades since the users' behavior can be influenced by a variety of circumstances that alter their decision-making and interaction behavior while on the road. Roadway operational environment is an integrated system comprising multiple factors such as infrastructure, traffic condition, and roadway users These factors may have varying impacts on interaction of roadway users. For example, when drivers encounter cyclists on the road, the interaction process may impose a significant demand on the user's cognitive resources and attention, in addition to the effects of the environment.
This study aims to investigate the effect of complex environment configurations on driver-cyclist interactions on the road by analyzing the driver's cognitive workload. Specifically, the study investigates the impact of various work zone configurations and demographic factors on driver cognitive workload and behavior. It further examines the impact of the work zone environment on crashes involving drivers and cyclists. It uses crash records from the state of Michigan to determine how the environment affects the cyclist’s injuries. Furthermore, a stated preference (SP) survey was conducted in this study to assess the difference in drivers' attitudes and perceptions of cyclists as a function of varying work zone configurations. The survey questionnaire covered general attitudes, perceptual mental stress, and preferences about interactions between drivers and cyclists. Additionally, a virtual reality (VR) experiment was carried out to evaluate how different types of cycling accommodations affected the driver's subjective and psychological mental state. The driver-cyclist interaction was examined in relation to the vehicle and bicycle trajectories, physiological and biometric measurements, and built environment configurations. Finally, the research proposes an advisory countermeasure to assist the driver when interacting with the cyclist. The tool has the ability to detect a cyclist on the roadway and evaluate the individual driver mental workload status and driving performance. Consequently, the tool provides the driver with an advisory message that warn driver about cyclist presence and increase their attention toward cyclist. Among other findings, the study reveal that the environment of a work zone has a substantial impact on a driver's behavior, mental state, and interactions with cyclists. The study recommends that guidelines be updated to enhance cyclists’ safety by taking into account the level of driver mental stress when designing work zones that accommodate cyclists.
Restricted to Campus until
Abushattal, Mousa Ahmad, "Associating Driver Behavior to Surrounding Environments and Cyclist Presence" (2023). Dissertations. 3929.
|
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/3929/
|
2023-10-02T08:13:00Z
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.930403
| 720
|
The cultural offerings in the Schuylkill River Greenways National Heritage Area are almost immeasurable. World class art museums, public art, cultural centers and performing arts venues are around almost every turn.
The Philadelphia Museum of Art, Reading Public Museum, Barnes Foundation, and many other world class facilities display priceless works of art that attract international attention. Visiting these places once is almost never enough, as many venues offer unique traveling exhibitions and special programs that will keep you coming back time and again.
The diverse ethnic communities that give the Heritage Area such a unique flavor and appearance, also make the region a stronghold for folk and traditional artists. Pennsylvania German redware potters, Ukrainian pisanki (painted Easter eggs) painters, and Mennonite quilters add a unique dimension to the region’s cultural scene. Many artists sell their wares at the region’s fairs and festivals and at local museum shops and galleries.
Music is an incredibly important part of the Schuylkill River Heritage Area’s cultural tradition. The Irish community boasts a number of dance troupes up and down the river. Schuylkill County is home to one of the region’s most celebrated Ukrainian folk ensembles, and square dancing is alive and well in many communities across Berks County.
The heritage area is home to a number of arts centers and districts that support the work of contemporary artists. The GoggleWorks Center for the Arts in Reading, the Phoenix Village Arts Center, and Chester Springs Studio are wonderful examples of community efforts to promote creativity and beauty in our communities.
Artists from around the world have shared their talents with the public by creating outdoor works of art across the region. Fairmount Park alone boasts over 700 pieces of public art. There are sculptures and statuary in public parks, along the water, and along trails throughout the Heritage Area.
Charles Wilson Peale, a Philadelphia artist, naturalist, and APS member, founded a popular and influential museum in 1784. It was one of America’s first museums, and the first to...Learn More
Host to Washington’s army for nine months during the Revolution, Montgomery County was the site of early lime, paper, iron and textile industries, as well as canal and railroad...Learn More
Like most things Victorian, the Ryerss Museum and Library is very eclectic. From opium pipes to stuffed alligators, the Ryerss collection gives visitors insight into a family who traveled...Learn More
In the beautifully restored 1865 townhouse, experience an age where great collectors lived among their treasures. The Rosenbach is a major cultural destination—a research center that is home to...Learn More
Visitors can stroll through the room where the Washingtons danced on their wedding anniversary, ponder the sumptuous meals served in the Powels’ dining room, sit in the parlor where...Learn More
The Please Touch Museum is the children’s museum of Philadelphia. Please Touch is designed for families with young children and since 1976, has dedicated itself to enriching the lives...Learn More
The new Philadelphia History Museum showcases an array of historical objects, art, and artifacts that tell the story of Philadelphia, from its founding in 1680 to present day. The...Learn More
This shoin-zukuri (desk-centered) house, built in 16th century style, is located on the grounds of the Horticultural Center in the West Philadelphia section of Fairmount Park. The ground on...Learn More
Independence National Historical Park, located in Old City Philadelphia is among the most historically significant places in the United States and the World. The Park is home to the...Learn More
Historic Belmont Mansion provides the setting for the story of the Fairmount Park area of Philadelphia from colonization to the present. The property around Belmont Mansion was initially a...Learn More
ArtFusion 19464 is a non-profit community art center offering art classes for all ages and skill levels. The gallery hosts rotating exhibits of local and national artists. ArtFusion aims...Learn More
The history of Yellow Springs Village spans nearly 300 years. The Native Lenape first attributed the name, “Yellow Springs” because of the natural mineral springs that flow through the...Learn More
The Chester Springs Studio is a vibrant arts center at Historic Yellow Springs. Founded in 1978 as an offshoot of Historic Yellow Springs, the Studio grew in reputation as...Learn More
Take a 28-mile self-guided driving tour into the heart of Greater Reading’s farm country and discover Hex Signs, a uniquely American art form and best known symbol of the...Learn More
The Orwigsburg Historical Society & Museum is dedicated to preserving the culture, history and architecture of Orwigsburg and Southern Schuylkill County.Learn More
One of the most heavily industrialized creeks in America, the Wissahickon Creek and its impressive valley were home to dozens of mills and factories throughout the 18th and 19th...Learn More
The Pennsylvania German Cultural Heritage Center at Kutztown University is a place, a museum, and a year-round program. The Center represents the commitment of Kutztown University to the preservation...Learn More
The Walk In Art Center is a non-profit organization founded in the belief that art and culture can positively affect the lives of all. Located in rural Schuylkill Haven,...Learn More
Because the Museum has its roots in the public school system, there is a rich tradition of using the collections for teaching and research. Every year, thousands of elementary...Learn More
The GoggleWorks offers 145,000 square feet of dynamic space, including: galleries; classrooms; dance and music studios; a darkroom; a glass blowing facility, plus a warm and cold glass studio/classroom;...Learn More
The manor house exemplifies the restrained elegance of early Georgian architecture popular with wealthy English gentry during the mid-18th century. Built in 1752, the mansion was situated on a...Learn More
Built in 1903 as a Vaudeville House, the “Colonial Opera House” brought professional shows and live entertainment to Phoenixville for the first time. Real movie buffs know that the...Learn More
Today, 175 acres of Mill Grove’s original estate remains largely as Audubon found it – a haven for birds and wildlife. The property boasts more than seven miles of...Learn More
This first public, non-sectarian cemetery in Montgomery County was founded in 1847. It contains the remains of some of the most notable families of the area and boasts over...Learn More
Established in 1836, Laurel Hill is one of Philadelphia’s premier historic landmarks and one of the only cemeteries in the United States to be honored as a National Historic...Learn More
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<urn:uuid:8d677cf6-eed9-41f9-bb70-f5b8e28478d8>
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://schuylkillriver.org/thing/arts-culture/
|
2023-10-02T08:19:37Z
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00898.warc.gz
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en
| 0.929459
| 1,410
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