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-ใ„ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‹ค
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to guess about a fact mentioned in the preceding statement.", "index": "-n-ga boda", "ko": "์•ž์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ถ”์ธกํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๊ฐ
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to gently refute a certain fact.", "index": "-n-gam", "ko": "(์˜ˆ์‚ฌ ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๊ฑธ
Word
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker says a newly learned fact with admiration.", "index": "1. -n-geol", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ๋งํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to explain one's thought or argument, or give a reason for it.", "index": "2. -n-geol", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋“ฏ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œˆ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๊ฑธ์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used when the speaker says a newly learned fact with admiration.", "index": "1. -n-geolyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ๋งํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to explain one's thought or argument, or give a reason for it.", "index": "2. -n-geolyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋“ฏ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œˆ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด ๊ฒƒ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to enable a non-noun word to be used as a noun in a sentence or to be used in front of '์ด๋‹ค' (be).", "index": "-n geot", "ko": "๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์“ฐ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ โ€˜์ด๋‹คโ€™ ์•ž์— ์“ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the statement is a guess.", "index": "-n geot gatda", "ko": "์ถ”์ธก์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that a situation occurred as a result of doing a certain act mentioned in the preceding statement.", "index": "-n gyeolgwa", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋’ค์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์˜ด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๊ณ 
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering)(old-fashioned) A sentence-final ending used to politely ask about or criticize a fact of the present.", "index": "1. -n-go", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ)(์˜› ๋งํˆฌ๋กœ) ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ ์ž–๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊พธ์ง–์–ด ๋ฌป๋Š” ๋œป์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." }, { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering)(old-fashioned) A sentence-final ending used to ask oneself something or guess about something.", "index": "2. -n-go", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ)(์˜› ๋งํˆฌ๋กœ) ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๋ฌผ์Œ์ด๋‚˜ ์ถ”์ธก์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด ๊น€์—
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that one is doing a certain act, after the act mentioned in the preceding statement or while doing a similar behavior at the same time.", "index": "-n gime", "ko": "์•ž์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ์ด์–ด์„œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that something is the result of a certain act or state mentioned in the preceding statement.", "index": "-n nameoji", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ ๋’ค์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ด์–ด ๋งํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค#1
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to describe an event or fact of the present.", "index": "-nda", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์„œ์ˆ ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค#2
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when asking oneself something.", "index": "-nda", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to explain something by listing some behaviors as examples.", "index": "1. -ndageona", "ko": "์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚˜์—ดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to choose one of two or more confronting behaviors.", "index": "2. -ndageona", "ko": "๋‘˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ, ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋“ 
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to say that another person's remarks are the condition or basis for the following statement.", "index": "1. -ndageodeun", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to conclude a sentence by quoting another person's remarks as a reason or basis.", "index": "2. -ndageodeun", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋๋งบ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to say that the speaker's own behavior is based on another person's remark.", "index": "-ndageodeunnyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์‚ผ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๊ณ #1
Word
[ { "en": "A connective ending used when implying the purpose or intention of a certain action, or the reason or cause of a certain situation.", "index": "1. -ndago", "ko": "์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ชฉ์ , ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ์ด์œ , ์›์ธ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." }, { "en": "A connective ending used to indicate that the preceding statement is a quotation from a proverb.", "index": "2. -ndago", "ko": "ํ”ํžˆ ์†๋‹ด์—์„œ โ€˜๊ทธ ๋ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผโ€™์˜ ๋œป์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๊ณ #2
Word
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to emphatically state the speaker's thoughts or argument to the listener.", "index": "1. -ndago", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to ask again about a fact that one heard and confirm it.", "index": "2. -ndago", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋˜๋ฌผ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to say something in such a way that one confirms and realizes that a certain fact is different from one's prediction.", "index": "3. -ndago", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊นจ๋‹ซ๋Š” ๋“ฏ์ด ๋งํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๊ณ #3
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to pass along what the speaker heard from another person, or to present the subject's thoughts, opinions, etc.", "index": "-ndago", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ, ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to repeat or stress the speaker's remark.", "index": "1. -ndagoyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋˜ํ’€์ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to confirm or question another person's remark.", "index": "2. -ndagoyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋”ฐ์ ธ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to show off something to others.", "index": "3. -ndagoyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ž‘ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๊ธฐ์—
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to say that something the speaker heard is the reason or basis for the following statement.", "index": "-ndagie", "ko": "๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๊ธธ๋ž˜
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to say something the speaker heard as the reason or basis for the following statement.", "index": "-ndagillae", "ko": "๋’ค ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋‚˜
Word
[ { "en": "A sentence-final ending used to convey someone's remark, and imply that it is displeasing or annoying.", "index": "1. -ndana", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋ชป๋งˆ๋•…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ท€์ฐฎ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." }, { "en": "A sentence-final ending used to say something without certainty and in an indifferent attitude.", "index": "2. -ndana", "ko": "์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋กœ ํ™•์‹  ์—†์ด ๋งํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋‚จ
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to refute something lightly.", "index": "-ndanam", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋œป์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋„ค#1
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker says something that he/she already knows in an objective manner and informs the listener of it.", "index": "-ndane", "ko": "(์˜ˆ์‚ฌ ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋Ÿฌ ์คŒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋„ค#2
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) An expression used to tell the listener something the speaker knows from having heard it.", "index": "-ndane", "ko": "(์˜ˆ์‚ฌ ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋А๋ƒ
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener something the speaker heard from another person to cross-check the information.", "index": "-ndaneunya", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฌป๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋А๋‹ˆ
Word
[ { "en": "A connective ending referring to doing this and doing that.", "index": "-ndaneuni", "ko": "์ด๋Ÿฐ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €๋Ÿฐ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋„ ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋Š”
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to quote someone, while modifying the following noun.", "index": "-ndaneun", "ko": "๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ ์ค„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that a result not intended during the preceding act appears in the following statement.", "index": "-ndaneun geosi", "ko": "์•ž์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์—์„œ ์˜๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ด์–ด์ง์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋Š”๊ตฌ๋‚˜
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to convey something newly heard to the listener with wonder.", "index": "-ndaneunguna", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐํƒ„์˜ ๋А๋‚Œ์„ ์‹ค์–ด ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋Š”๊ตฐ
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to convey something newly heard to the listener with wonder.", "index": "-ndaneun-gun", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐํƒ„์˜ ๋А๋‚Œ์„ ์‹ค์–ด ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to convey something heard or quote someone, adding the speaker's own thought or question.", "index": "1. -ndaneunde", "ko": "๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ด์–ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to give the speaker's opinion indirectly, by conveying what the speaker heard.", "index": "2. -ndaneunde", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ๋„
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to convey what the speaker heard or someone's opinion, implying that there is a contradictory situation later in the sentence.", "index": "-ndaneundedo", "ko": "๋“ค์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋’ค์— ๊ทธ์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ด์–ด์ง์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ์•ผ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that, based on what the speaker heard, the speaker had to say the following thing under the circumstances.", "index": "-ndaneundeya", "ko": "๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋“ฏ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋งํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to give the speaker's opinion indirectly by conveying what the speaker heard.", "index": "-ndaneundeyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ#1
Word
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when asking again or admiring an unexpected fact in surprise.", "index": "-ndani", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋œป๋ฐ–์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋†€๋ผ์„œ ๋˜๋ฌป๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ#2
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to ask a question about a certain fact that is assumed to be already given.", "index": "-ndani", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ#3
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the speaker is surprised or impressed by what another person explained or stated.", "index": "1. -ndani", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์€ ์„ค๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์„œ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋†€๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate that someone's explanation or statement is the basis for the speaker's judgment.", "index": "2. -ndani", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์€ ์„ค๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์„œ์ˆ ์ด ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ#4
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener about what another person said.", "index": "-ndani", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ#1
Word
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker emphasizes his/her remark, while reconfirming what was said earlier.", "index": "-ndanikka", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ#2
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to quote the speaker's or another person's remarks as the reason or basis for the following statement.", "index": "-ndanikka", "ko": "์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ธ์šฉํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ๋Š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to stress the speaker's position or opinion, when the speaker is questioned or given some request repeatedly.", "index": "1. -ndanikkaneun", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to stress that the speaker is quoting the speaker's or another person's remarks as a reason or basis.", "index": "2. -ndanikkaneun", "ko": "์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ธ์šฉํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used when the speaker emphasizes his/her remark while reconfirming what was said earlier.", "index": "-ndanikkayo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊น
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to stress the speaker's position or opinion, when the speaker is questioned or given some request repeatedly.", "index": "1. -ndanikkan", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to stress that the speaker is quoting the speaker's or another person's remarks as a reason or basis.", "index": "2. -ndanikkan", "ko": "์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ธ์šฉํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to say that the speaker is surprised or impressed by something, because it is unexpected.", "index": "-ndaniyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋œป๋ฐ–์˜ ์ผ์ด๋ผ์„œ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋”๊ตฐ
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to convey a newly learned fact to the listener.", "index": "-ndadeogun", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to convey a newly learned fact to the listener.", "index": "-ndadeogunyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋”๋ƒ
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to question what is being stated, hinting strongly that the opposite is true.", "index": "1. -ndadeonya", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋ฐ˜๋ฌธํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฌผ์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener about what the listener saw or heard.", "index": "2. -ndadeonya", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋”๋‹ˆ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to mention something the speaker knows from having heard it and connect this to the following content.", "index": "1. -ndadeoni", "ko": "๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ง์„ ์ด์–ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to quote and confirm a well-known maxim, etc.", "index": "2. -ndadeoni", "ko": "์ด๋ฏธ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์“ฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ง์ด ๋งž๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋”๋ผ
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used when the speaker conveys what he/she heard to the listener.", "index": "-ndadeora", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋”๋ผ๊ณ 
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to say something the speaker remembers from having heard it in person.", "index": "-ndadeorago", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์ง์ ‘ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ผ์„ ํšŒ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋˜
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener about what the speaker thinks the listener knows.", "index": "1. -ndadeon", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to strongly deny, repulse, or question the preceding content.", "index": "2. -ndadeon", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์•ž์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to remember what the speaker heard in the past and modify the following content.", "index": "3. -ndadeon", "ko": "๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๊พธ๋ฐ€ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋˜๊ฐ€
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener something to check the information.", "index": "1. -ndadeonga", "ko": "(์˜ˆ์‚ฌ ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to talk to oneself or try to remember, while looking back on the past.", "index": "2. -ndadeonga", "ko": "์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์ผ์„ ํšŒ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ˜ผ์žฃ๋งํ•˜๋“ฏ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋ด„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋˜๋ฐ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to mention what the speaker heard from another person and relate it to the following content.", "index": "1. -ndadeonde", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋’ค์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ง€์–ด ๋งํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to indirectly express what the speaker wants to say, by conveying what the speaker heard, in an unfinished sentence.", "index": "2. -ndadeonde", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์ด์ „์— ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์—ฌ์šด์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋˜๋ฐ์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to give the speaker's opinion indirectly, by conveying what the speaker heard, in an unfinished sentence.", "index": "-ndadeondeyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ์ด์ „์— ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์—ฌ์šด์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋ฐ
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) An expression used to repeat what the speaker heard, as it is.", "index": "-ndade", "ko": "(์˜ˆ์‚ฌ ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์ด์ „์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ์™€์„œ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋“ ๊ฐ€
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to choose one out of two choices.", "index": "1. -ndadeun-ga", "ko": "๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์–ด๋А ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate that it does not matter whether one chooses any of many choices.", "index": "2. -ndadeun-ga", "ko": "์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ค‘์— ์–ด๋А ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋А ๊ฒƒ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ด๋„ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋“ ์ง€
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to choose one out of two choices.", "index": "1. -ndadeunji", "ko": "๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์–ด๋А ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate that it does not matter whether one chooses any of the many choices available.", "index": "2. -ndadeunji", "ko": "์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ค‘์— ์–ด๋А ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋А ๊ฒƒ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ด๋„ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋””
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener what another person said.", "index": "-ndadi", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋งˆ๋Š”
Word
[ { "en": "A connective ending used when recognizing the truth of the preceding statement and adding something that is contrary or irrelevant to it.", "index": "-ndamaneun", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋งŒ
Word
[ { "en": "A connective ending used when recognizing the truth of the preceding statement and adding something that is contrary or irrelevant to it.", "index": "-ndaman", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋ฉฐ#1
Word
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she heard.", "index": "-ndamyeo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋ฉฐ#2
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to ask if the current situation is different from what the listener or another person said before.", "index": "1. -ndamyeo", "ko": "๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด์ „์— ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ง์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ์ ธ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate that another person was saying something, while doing a certain act at the same time.", "index": "2. -ndamyeo", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋ฉด#1
Word
[ { "en": "A connective ending used when assuming a certain fact or situation.", "index": "-ndamyeon", "ko": "์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋œป์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋ฉด#2
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to assume that someone will express his/her thought or will, which becomes the condition for the following statement.", "index": "-ndamyeon", "ko": "๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ#1
Word
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she heard.", "index": "-ndamyeonseo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ#2
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to ask if the current situation is different from what the listener or another person said before.", "index": "1. -ndamyeonseo", "ko": "๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด์ „์— ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ง์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ์ ธ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate that another person was saying something, while doing a certain act at the same time.", "index": "2. -ndamyeonseo", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค์˜ค#1
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, moderately addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker says something that he/she already knows in an objective manner and conveys it to the listener.", "index": "-ndao", "ko": "(์˜ˆ์‚ฌ ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค์˜ค#2
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, moderately addressee-raising) An expression used to convey what the speaker heard from another person to the listener.", "index": "-ndao", "ko": "(์˜ˆ์‚ฌ ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด ๋‹ค์Œ์—
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the time being described takes places after the completion of a certain work or process mentioned in the preceding statement.", "index": "-n da-eume", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋๋‚œ ๋’ค์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด ๋‹ค์Œ์—์•ผ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that a certain work or act must be completed, before the next situation becomes possible.", "index": "1. -n da-eumeya", "ko": "์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋๋‚œ ํ›„์— ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate that given the state or under the situation expressed in the preceding sentence, something in the following sentence can never happen.", "index": "2. -n da-eumeya", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํƒœ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค์ฃ 
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she already knows.", "index": "-ndajo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค์ง€#1
Word
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she already knows.", "index": "-ndaji", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค์ง€#2
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener again, or confirm what the speaker heard earlier.", "index": "-ndaji", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์ด์ „์— ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฌป๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค์ง€๋งŒ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the speaker knows something from having heard it and accepts it as true, but the following content is a situation or content that is not the same as the speaker's thoughts.", "index": "-ndajiman", "ko": "๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ค์ง€์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she already knows.", "index": "-ndajiyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹จ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to express a certain fact or thought, which modifies the following statement.", "index": "-ndan", "ko": "์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๊พธ๋ฐ€ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹จ๋‹ค#1
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker talks about a fact that he/she already knows in an objective manner and conveys it to the listener.", "index": "-ndanda", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹จ๋‹ค#2
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to tell the listener something the speaker knows from having heard it from another person.", "index": "-ndanda", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ฌ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to assume that someone will do a certain act or make a certain statement, which modifies the following statement.", "index": "-ndal", "ko": "๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๊พธ๋ฐ€ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ด
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when asking oneself or complaining about a certain fact.", "index": "-ndam", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ#1
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when asking questions about the affirmation or negation of a certain fact, supposing that it is already given.", "index": "-ndamnikka", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ธ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ#2
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-raising) An expression used to ask about what the listener heard before.", "index": "-ndamnikka", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด์ „์— ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค#1
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker says something that he/she already knows in an objective manner and informs the listener of it.", "index": "-ndamnida", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋Ÿฌ ์คŒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค#2
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-raising) An expression used to tell the listener something the speaker knows from having heard it.", "index": "-ndamnida", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ต๋””๊นŒ
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-raising) An expression used to ask the listener what the listener heard in the past.", "index": "-ndapdikka", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ต๋””๋‹ค
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, moderately addressee-raising) An expression used to pass along a message or fact that the speaker heard earlier.", "index": "-ndapdida", "ko": "(์˜ˆ์‚ฌ ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ์ด์ „์— ์ง์ ‘ ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋‹ต์‹œ๊ณ 
Word
[ { "en": "A connective ending used when the speaker is displeased about the subject claiming that the preceding statement is the reason for the following action.", "index": "-ndapsigo", "ko": "์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•ž์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋’ค์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ชป๋งˆ๋•…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ด„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋Œ€#1
Word
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when strongly denying the fact of the preceding statement, or raising a question about it.", "index": "-ndae", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์•ž์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋Œ€#2
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to indirectly tell something the speaker heard from another person.", "index": "1. -ndae", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask about something the listener knows from having heard it.", "index": "2. -ndae", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด์ „์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋Œ€๋„
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that, although the preceding statement assumes a certain situation or presents a real situation, it does not affect the following statement.", "index": "-ndaedo", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์— ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด ๋Œ€๋กœ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that something is the same as a previous act or state mentioned in the preceding statement.", "index": "1. -n daero", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate that something is the same as the present state.", "index": "2. -n daero", "ko": "์•ž์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋œป์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋Œ€์„œ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the following content is based on what was heard from another person.", "index": "-ndaeseo", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ „๊ฐœํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋Œ€์„œ์•ผ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to question or make a negative judgment on what the speaker heard or learned.", "index": "-ndaeseoya", "ko": "๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the states and behaviors mentioned in the preceding statement and the following statement are different or opposites.", "index": "1. -n daesine", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง๊ณผ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™ ๋“ฑ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to offer something similar to make up for a behavior or state mentioned in the preceding statement.", "index": "2. -n daesine", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งž๋จน๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋Œ€์•ผ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the preceding statement is the requirement for the following statement.", "index": "1. -ndaeya", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate that an assumed situation is not that serious nor difficult.", "index": "2. -ndaeya", "ko": "์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹˜์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋Œ€์š”#1
Word
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker talks about something that he/she knows.", "index": "-ndaeyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ผ๋Ÿฌ๋ฐ”์นจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-ใ„ด๋Œ€์š”#2
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to indirectly tell something the speaker heard from another person.", "index": "1. -ndaeyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to ask about something the listener knows from having heard it.", "index": "2. -ndaeyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด์ „์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋Œ”๋Š”๋ฐ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to express what the speaker heard in the past, implying that the following content is opposite to or related to the content.", "index": "-ndaetneunde", "ko": "๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ง์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋’ค์— ๊ทธ ๋ง์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์˜ด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-ใ„ด๋Œ”์ž
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that, although the speaker accepts the preceding statement, it is below their expectations or of little value.", "index": "-ndaetja", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์— ๋ชป ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณ„๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]