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Wodrow and the committee believed that within two years of the war 's beginning , it would become unpopular because of the need for increased taxation and prolonged military service . Wodrow and the committee stated , " the nation would rise in its constitutional strength , and say to those who brought about such an u... |
Wodrow served as the clerk of court for Hampshire County for a tenure spanning 32 years until his death at his residence in Romney in 1814 . Following his death , Wodrow 's son @-@ in @-@ law Samuel McGuire served the remainder of his term for fifteen months until 1815 when he was succeeded by John Baker White . West ... |
= = Land affairs and holdings = =
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In 1782 , Wodrow served as an executor of the last will and testament of his uncle Alexander Wodrow , a wealthy merchant , and sold his personal estate , a moiety of two land lots in Falmouth , and 212 acres ( 0 @.@ 86 km2 ) along the Rappahannock River in Stafford County to pay his uncle 's debts , with the remainder... |
After his move to Romney , Wodrow began to amass numerous properties and became a prosperous landholder in Hampshire County . In 1788 , Wodrow purchased a land tract consisting of 100 acres ( 0 @.@ 40 km2 ) along the Cacapon River in Hampshire County . On December 4 , 1789 , Wodrow was appointed by an act of the Virgi... |
= = = Wilson @-@ Wodrow @-@ Mytinger House = = =
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Wodrow and his wife Mary Ann inherited her father Colonel George Wilson 's residence on the eastern boundary of Lot 48 in Romney following his death in 1777 and made it their home . During the 1770s and 1780s , Wodrow 's residence was located on what was then the " main street " in Romney , presently known as Gravel L... |
= = = Old Presbyterian Churchyard = = =
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Wodrow was a dynamic and influential member of the Presbyterian Church , and in his will , he granted two land lots ( Lots No. 59 and No. 60 ) south of West Gravel Lane from his residence for the construction of Romney 's first Presbyterian church building and the establishment of a cemetery . Wodrow 's executor , Jam... |
= = Personal life = =
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= = = Marriage and issue = = =
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Wodrow married Mary Ann Wilson , the daughter of Colonel George Wilson . Wodrow and his wife Mary Ann had at least five children : Matilda Wodrow McDowell , married to John McDowell ; an unnamed daughter , married to Samuel McGuire ; Craig Wodrow ; Emily Jean Wodrow Kercheval , married to lawyer Samuel Kercheval , Jr ... |
= The Byrds =
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The Byrds / ˈbɜːrdz / were an American rock band , formed in Los Angeles , California in 1964 . The band underwent multiple line @-@ up changes throughout its existence , with frontman Roger McGuinn ( known as Jim McGuinn until mid @-@ 1967 ) remaining the sole consistent member , until the group disbanded in 1973 . A... |
The band 's signature blend of clear harmony singing and McGuinn 's jangly twelve @-@ string Rickenbacker guitar has continued to be influential on popular music up to the present day . Among the band 's most enduring songs are their cover versions of Bob Dylan 's " Mr. Tambourine Man " and Pete Seeger 's " Turn ! Tur... |
The original five @-@ piece line @-@ up of the Byrds consisted of Jim McGuinn ( lead guitar , vocals ) , Gene Clark ( tambourine , vocals ) , David Crosby ( rhythm guitar , vocals ) , Chris Hillman ( bass guitar , vocals ) , and Michael Clarke ( drums ) . However , this version of the band was relatively short @-@ liv... |
Several former members of the band went on to successful careers of their own , either as solo artists or as members of such groups as Crosby , Stills , Nash & Young , the Flying Burrito Brothers and the Desert Rose Band . In the late 1980s , Gene Clark and Michael Clarke both began touring as the Byrds , prompting a ... |
In January 1991 , the Byrds were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , an occasion that saw the five original members performing together for the last time . McGuinn , Crosby , and Hillman still remain active but Gene Clark died of a heart attack in May 1991 , and Michael Clarke died of liver failure in Decem... |
= = History = =
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= = = Formation ( 1964 ) = = =
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The nucleus of the Byrds formed in early 1964 , when Jim McGuinn , Gene Clark , and David Crosby came together as a trio . All three musicians had a background rooted in folk music , with each one having worked as a folk singer on the acoustic coffeehouse circuit during the early 1960s . In addition , they had all ser... |
Crosby introduced McGuinn and Clark to his associate Jim Dickson , who had access to World Pacific Studios , where he had been recording demos of Crosby . Sensing the trio 's potential , Dickson quickly took on management duties for the group , while his business partner , Eddie Tickner , became the group 's accountan... |
Drummer Michael Clarke was added to the Jet Set in mid @-@ 1964 . Clarke was recruited largely due to his good looks and Brian Jones @-@ esque hairstyle , rather than for his musical experience , which was limited to having played congas in a semi @-@ professional capacity in and around San Francisco and L.A. Clarke d... |
In August 1964 , Dickson managed to acquire an acetate disc of the then @-@ unreleased Bob Dylan song " Mr. Tambourine Man " , which he felt would make an effective cover for the Jet Set . Although the band were initially unimpressed with the song , they began rehearsing it with a rock band arrangement , changing the ... |
Soon after , inspired by the Beatles ' film A Hard Day 's Night , the band decided to equip themselves with similar instruments to the Fab Four : a Rickenbacker twelve @-@ string guitar for McGuinn , a Ludwig drum kit for Clarke , and a Gretsch Tennessean guitar for Clark ( although Crosby commandeered it soon after ,... |
Through connections that Dickson had with impresario Benny Shapiro , and with a helpful recommendation from jazz trumpeter Miles Davis , the group signed a recording contract with Columbia Records on November 10 , 1964 . Two weeks later , during a Thanksgiving dinner at Eddie Tickner 's house , the Jet Set decided to ... |
= = = Folk rock ( 1965 – 66 ) = = =
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On January 20 , 1965 , the Byrds entered Columbia Studios in Hollywood to record " Mr. Tambourine Man " for release as their debut single on Columbia . Since the band had not yet completely gelled musically , McGuinn was the only Byrd to play on " Mr. Tambourine Man " and its Gene Clark penned B @-@ side , " I Knew I ... |
While the band waited for " Mr. Tambourine Man " to be released , they began a residency at Ciro 's Le Disc nightclub on the Sunset Strip in Hollywood . The band 's regular appearances at Ciro 's during March and April 1965 allowed them to hone their ensemble playing , perfect their aloof stage persona , and expand th... |
Columbia Records eventually released the " Mr. Tambourine Man " single on April 12 , 1965 . The full , electric rock band treatment that the Byrds and producer Terry Melcher had given the song effectively created the template for the musical subgenre of folk rock . McGuinn 's melodic , jangling twelve @-@ string Ricke... |
Within three months " Mr. Tambourine Man " had become the first folk rock smash hit , reaching number 1 on both the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart and the UK Singles Chart . The single 's success initiated the folk rock boom of 1965 and 1966 , during which a number of Byrds @-@ influenced acts had hits on the American a... |
The Mr. Tambourine Man album followed on June 21 , 1965 , peaking at number 6 on the Billboard Top LPs chart and number 7 on the UK Albums Chart . The album mixed reworkings of folk songs , including Pete Seeger 's musical adaptation of the Idris Davies ' poem " The Bells of Rhymney " , with a number of other Dylan co... |
The Byrds ' next single was " All I Really Want to Do " , another interpretation of a Dylan song . Despite the success of " Mr. Tambourine Man " , the Byrds were reluctant to release another Dylan @-@ penned single , feeling that it was too formulaic , but Columbia Records were insistent , believing that another Dylan... |
Author John Einarson has noted that during this period of their career , the Byrds enjoyed tremendous popularity among teenage pop fans , with their music receiving widespread airplay on Top 40 radio and their faces adorning countless teen magazines . Much was made at the time of the Byrds ' unconventional dress sense... |
Although McGuinn was widely regarded as the Byrds ' bandleader by this point , the band actually had multiple frontmen , with McGuinn , Clark , Crosby and later Hillman all taking turns to sing lead vocals in roughly equal measures across the group 's repertoire . Despite the dizzying array of personnel changes that t... |
This 1965 English tour was largely orchestrated by the group 's publicist Derek Taylor , in an attempt to capitalize on the number 1 chart success of the " Mr. Tambourine Man " single . Unfortunately , the tour was overhyped from the start , with the band being touted as " America 's answer to the Beatles " , a label ... |
However , the tour did enable the band to meet and socialize with a number of top English groups , including the Rolling Stones and the Beatles . In particular , the band 's relationship with the Beatles would prove important for both acts , with the two groups again meeting in Los Angeles some weeks later , upon the ... |
For their third Columbia single , the Byrds initially intended to release a cover of Dylan 's " It 's All Over Now , Baby Blue " ( it was even premiered on the California radio station KRLA ) , but instead they decided to record " Turn ! Turn ! Turn ! ( to Everything There Is a Season ) " , a Pete Seeger composition w... |
The Byrds ' second album , Turn ! Turn ! Turn ! , was released in December 1965 and while it received a mostly positive reception , critical consensus deemed it to be inferior to the band 's debut . Nonetheless , it was a commercial success , peaking at number 17 on the U.S. charts and number 11 in the UK . Author Sco... |
While the Byrds outwardly seemed to be riding the crest of a wave during the latter @-@ half of 1965 , the recording sessions for their second album had not been without tension . One source of conflict was the power struggle that had begun to develop between producer Terry Melcher and the band 's manager Jim Dickson ... |
= = = Psychedelia ( 1965 – 67 ) = = =
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On December 22 , 1965 , the Byrds recorded a new , self @-@ penned composition titled " Eight Miles High " at RCA Studios in Hollywood . The song represented a creative leap forward for the band and is often considered the first full @-@ blown psychedelic rock recording by critics , although other contemporaneous acts... |
The song is marked by McGuinn 's groundbreaking lead guitar playing , which saw the guitarist attempting to emulate the free form jazz saxophone playing of John Coltrane , and in particular , Coltrane 's playing on the song " India " from his Impressions album . " Eight Miles High " also exhibits the influence of the ... |
Upon release , " Eight Miles High " was banned by many U.S. radio stations , following allegations made by the broadcasting trade journal the Gavin Report , that its lyrics advocated recreational drug use . The band and their management strenuously denied these allegations , stating that the song 's lyrics actually de... |
In February 1966 , just prior to the release of " Eight Miles High " , Gene Clark left the band . His departure was partly due to his fear of flying , which made it impossible for him to keep up with the Byrds ' itinerary , and partly due to his increasing isolation within the band . Clark , who had witnessed a fatal ... |
The Byrds ' third album , Fifth Dimension , was released in July 1966 . Much of the album 's material continued to build on the band 's new psychedelic sound , with McGuinn extending his exploration of jazz and raga styles on tracks such as " I See You " and the Crosby @-@ penned " What 's Happening ? ! ? ! " . The al... |
The Fifth Dimension album received a mixed critical reception upon release and was less commercially successful than its predecessors , peaking at number 24 in the U.S. and number 27 in the UK . Band biographer Bud Scoppa has noted that with the album 's lackluster chart performance , its lukewarm critical reception ,... |
The band returned to the studio between November 28 and December 8 , 1966 to record their fourth album , Younger Than Yesterday . With Allen Stanton having recently departed Columbia Records to work for A & M , the band chose to bring in producer Gary Usher to help guide them through the album sessions . Usher , who h... |
Released in February 1967 , the Byrds ' fourth album , Younger Than Yesterday , was more varied than its predecessor and saw the band successfully mixing psychedelia with folk rock and country and western influences . Although it received generally positive reviews upon its release , the album was , to a degree , over... |
In addition to " So You Want to Be a Rock ' n ' Roll Star " , Younger Than Yesterday also includes the evocative Crosby and McGuinn penned song " Renaissance Fair " , a cover of Dylan 's " My Back Pages " ( which was later released as a single ) , and a quartet of Chris Hillman songs , which found the bassist emerging... |
By mid @-@ 1967 , Jim McGuinn had changed his first name to Roger , as a result of his interest in the Indonesian religion Subud , into which he had been initiated in January 1965 . The adoption of a new name was common among followers of the religion and served to signify a spiritual rebirth for the participant . Sho... |
The poor sales suffered by " Lady Friend " were in stark contrast to the chart success of the band 's first compilation album , The Byrds ' Greatest Hits , which was released on August 7 , 1967 . Sanctioned by Columbia Records in the wake of the Top 10 success of Bob Dylan 's Greatest Hits , the album was a critical a... |
Prior to the release of The Byrds ' Greatest Hits , the band decided to dispense with the services of their co @-@ managers Jim Dickson and Eddie Tickner . The relationship between Dickson and the band had soured over recent months , and he and Tickner 's business arrangement with the Byrds was officially dissolved on... |
Between June and December 1967 , the Byrds worked on completing their fifth album , The Notorious Byrd Brothers . The lead single from the album was a cover of the Gerry Goffin and Carole King song " Goin ' Back " , which was released in October 1967 and peaked at number 89 on the Billboard chart . Despite this lack o... |
Released in January 1968 , The Notorious Byrd Brothers album saw the band taking their psychedelic experimentation to its furthest extremes by mixing folk rock , country music , jazz , and psychedelia ( often within a single song ) , while utilizing innovative studio production techniques such as phasing and flanging ... |
= = = Line @-@ up changes ( 1967 – 68 ) = = =
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While the band worked on The Notorious Byrd Brothers album throughout late 1967 , there was increasing tension and acrimony between the members of the group , which eventually resulted in the departures of both Crosby and Clarke . McGuinn and Hillman became increasingly irritated by what they saw as Crosby 's overbear... |
Tensions within the band finally erupted in August 1967 , during recording sessions for The Notorious Byrd Brothers album , when Michael Clarke quit the group over disputes with his bandmates and his dissatisfaction with the material that the songwriting members of the band were providing . Session drummers Jim Gordon... |
Tensions reached a breaking point during October 1967 , when McGuinn and Hillman drove to Crosby 's home and fired him , stating that they would be better off without him . Crosby subsequently received a cash settlement , with which he bought a sailboat and soon after , he began working with Stephen Stills and Graham ... |
Following Crosby 's departure , Gene Clark briefly rejoined the band , but left just three weeks later , after again refusing to board an aircraft while on tour . There is some disagreement among biographers and band historians as to whether Clark actually participated in the recording sessions for The Notorious Byrd ... |
Now reduced to a duo , McGuinn and Hillman elected to hire new band members . Hillman 's cousin Kevin Kelley was quickly recruited as the band 's new drummer and the trio embarked on an early 1968 college tour in support of The Notorious Byrd Brothers . It soon became apparent , however , that recreating the band 's s... |
= = = Country rock ( 1968 – 73 ) = = =
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= = = = The Gram Parsons era = = = =
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Following his induction into the band , Gram Parsons began to assert his own musical agenda in which he intended to marry his love of country and western music with youth culture 's passion for rock and in doing so , make country music fashionable for a young audience . He found a kindred spirit in Hillman , who had p... |
On March 9 , 1968 , the band decamped to Columbia 's recording studios in Nashville , Tennessee , with Clarence White in tow , to begin the recording sessions for the Sweetheart of the Rodeo album . While in Nashville , the Byrds also appeared at the Grand Ole Opry on March 15 , 1968 , where they performed the Merle H... |
The band also incurred the wrath of renowned country music DJ Ralph Emery , when they appeared on his Nashville @-@ based WSM radio program . Emery mocked the band throughout their interview and made no secret of his dislike for their newly recorded country rock single , " You Ain 't Goin ' Nowhere " . Parsons and McG... |
Following their stay in Nashville , the band returned to Los Angeles and throughout April and May 1968 , they worked on completing their new country @-@ oriented album . During this period , Parsons attempted to exert a controlling influence over the group by pressuring McGuinn to recruit either JayDee Maness or Sneak... |
Parsons ' dominance over the band waned still further during post @-@ production for Sweetheart of the Rodeo , when his appearance on the album was contested by music business impresario Lee Hazlewood , who alleged that the singer was still under contract to his LHI record label , creating legal complications for Colu... |
With their new album now completed , the Byrds flew to England for an appearance at a charity concert at the Royal Albert Hall on July 7 , 1968 . Following the concert , just prior to a tour of South Africa , Parsons quit the Byrds on the grounds that he did not want to perform in a racially segregated country ( apart... |
With Parsons gone from the band and their tour of South Africa due to begin in two days time , the Byrds were forced to draft in their roadie Carlos Bernal as a substitute rhythm guitar player . The ensuing South African tour was a disaster , with the band finding themselves having to play to segregated audiences — so... |
After returning to California , the Byrds ' released the Sweetheart of the Rodeo album on August 30 , 1968 , almost eight weeks after Parsons had left the band . It comprised a mixture of country music standards and contemporary country material , along with a country reworking of William Bell 's soul hit " You Don 't... |
Unfortunately , the stylistic shift away from psychedelia towards country rock that Sweetheart of the Rodeo represented served to alienate much of the Byrds ' counterculture following , while at the same time , eliciting hostility from the ultra @-@ conservative Nashville country music establishment . As a result , th... |
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