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FreeBSD 's TCP / IP stack is based on the 4.2BSD implementation of TCP / IP which greatly contributed to the widespread adoption of these protocols . FreeBSD also supports IPv6 , SCTP , IPSec , and wireless networking ( Wi @-@ Fi ) . The IPv6 and IPSec stacks were taken from the KAME project . Also , FreeBSD supports ... |
As of FreeBSD 5 @.@ 4 , support for the Common Address Redundancy Protocol ( CARP ) was imported from the OpenBSD project . CARP allows multiple nodes to share a set of IP addresses . So if one of the nodes goes down , other nodes still can serve the requests .
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= = = Storage = = =
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FreeBSD has several unique features related to storage . Soft updates can protect the consistency of the UFS filesystem ( widely used on the BSDs ) in the event of a system crash . Filesystem snapshots allow an image of a UFS filesystem at an instant in time to be efficiently created . Snapshots allow reliable backup ... |
From 7 @.@ 0 onward , FreeBSD supports the ZFS filesystem . ZFS was previously an open source filesystem that was first developed by Sun Microsystems , but when Oracle acquired Sun , ZFS became a proprietary product . However , the FreeBSD project is still developing and improving its ZFS implemention via the OpenZFS ... |
= = = Security = = =
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FreeBSD provides several security @-@ related features including access control lists ( ACLs ) , security event auditing , extended file system attributes , mandatory access controls ( MAC ) and fine @-@ grained capabilities . These security enhancements were developed by the TrustedBSD project . The project was found... |
The project has also ported the NSA 's FLASK / TE implementation from SELinux to FreeBSD . Other work includes the development of OpenBSM , an open source implementation of Sun 's Basic Security Module ( BSM ) API and audit log file format , which supports an extensive security audit system . This was shipped as part ... |
Most components of the TrustedBSD project are eventually folded into the main sources for FreeBSD . In addition , many features , once fully matured , find their way into other operating systems . For example , OpenPAM has been adopted by NetBSD . Moreover , the TrustedBSD MAC Framework has been adopted by Apple for O... |
FreeBSD ships with three different firewall packages : IPFW , pf and IPFilter . IPFW is FreeBSD 's native firewall. pf was taken from OpenBSD and IPFilter was ported to FreeBSD by Darren Reed .
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Taken from OpenBSD , the OpenSSH program was included in default install . OpenSSH is a Free implementation of the SSH protocol and is a replacement for telnet . Unlike telnet , OpenSSH encrypts all information ( including username and password ) .
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In November 2012 , The FreeBSD Security Team announced that hackers gained unauthorized access on two of the project 's servers . These servers were turned off immediately . More research demonstrated that the first unauthorized access by hackers occurred on 19 September . Apparently hackers gained access to these ser... |
= = = Portability = = =
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FreeBSD has been ported to a variety of processor architectures . The FreeBSD project organizes architectures into tiers that characterize the level of support provided . Tier 1 architectures are mature and fully supported . Tier 2 architectures are undergoing major development . Tier 3 architectures are experimental ... |
As of March 2016 , FreeBSD has been ported to the following architectures :
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The ARM and MIPS support is mostly aimed at embedded systems , however FreeBSD / ARM runs on a number of single @-@ board computers , including the BeagleBone Black , Raspberry Pi and Wandboard .
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= = = Third @-@ party software = = =
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FreeBSD has a repository of over 24 @,@ 000 applications that are developed by third parties . Examples include : windowing systems , web browsers , email clients , office suites and so forth . In general , the project itself does not develop this software , only the framework to allow these programs to be installed ,... |
Ports use Makefile to automatically fetch the desired application 's source code , either from a local or remote repository , unpack it on the system , apply patches to it and compile it . Depending on the size of the source code , compiling can take a long time , but it gives the user more control over the process an... |
FreeBSD version 10 @.@ 0 introduced the package manager pkg as a replacement for the previously used package tools . It is functionally similar to apt and yum in Linux distributions . It allows for installation , upgrading and removal of both ports and packages . In addition to pkg , PackageKit can also be used to acc... |
= = = Jails = = =
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First introduced in FreeBSD version 4 , jails is a security mechanism and an implementation of operating @-@ system @-@ level virtualization that enables the user to run multiple instances of a guest operating system on top of a FreeBSD host . It is an enhanced version of the traditional chroot mechanism . A process t... |
= = = Virtualization = = =
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bhyve , a new virtualization solution was introduced in FreeBSD 10 @.@ 0 @.@ bhyve allows a user to run a number of guest operating systems ( FreeBSD , OpenBSD , Linux , and Microsoft Windows ) simultaneously . Other operating systems such as Illumos are planned. bhyve was written by Neel Nato and Peter Grehan and wa... |
= = = OS compatibility layers = = =
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Most software that runs on Linux can run on FreeBSD using an optional built @-@ in compatibility layer . Hence , most Linux binaries can be run on FreeBSD , including some proprietary applications distributed only in binary form . This compatibility layer is not an emulation ; Linux 's system call interface is impleme... |
No noticeable performance penalty over native FreeBSD programs has been noted when running Linux binaries , and , in some cases , these may even perform more smoothly than on Linux . However , the layer is not altogether seamless , and some Linux binaries are unusable or only partially usable on FreeBSD . There is sup... |
FreeBSD has implemented a number of Microsoft Windows native NDIS kernel interfaces to allow FreeBSD to run Windows @-@ only network drivers .
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= = = Kernel = = =
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FreeBSD 's kernel provides support for some essential tasks such as managing processes , communication , booting and filesystems . FreeBSD has a monolithic kernel , with modular design . Different parts of the kernel such as drivers , are designed as modules . The user can load and unload these modules at any time . U... |
= = = Documentation and support = = =
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FreeBSD 's documentation consists of its handbooks , manual pages , mailing list archives , FAQs and a variety of articles , mainly maintained by The FreeBSD Documentation Project . FreeBSD 's documentation is translated into several languages . All official documentation is released under the FreeBSD Documentation Li... |
The FreeBSD project maintains a variety of mailing lists . Among the most popular mailing lists are FreeBSD @-@ questions ( general questions ) and FreeBSD @-@ hackers ( a place for asking more technical questions ) .
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Since 2004 , the New York City BSD Users Group database provides dmesg information from a collection of computers ( laptops , workstations , single @-@ board computers , embedded systems , virtual machines , etc . ) running FreeBSD .
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= = = Installers = = =
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From version 2 @.@ 0 to 9 @.@ 0 , FreeBSD used the sysinstall program as its main installer . It was written in C by Jordan Hubbard . It uses a text user interface , and is divided into a number of menus and screens that can be used to configure and control the installation process . It can also be used to install Por... |
The sysinstall utility is now considered deprecated in favor of bsdinstall , a new installer which was introduced in FreeBSD 9 @.@ 0 @.@ bsdinstall is " a lightweight replacement for sysinstall " that was written in sh . According to OSNews , " It has lost some features while gaining others , but it is a much more fl... |
= = Development = =
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FreeBSD is developed by a volunteer team located around the world . The developers use the Internet for all communication and many have not met each other in person . In addition to local user groups sponsored and attended by users , an annual conference , called BSDcon , is held by USENIX . BSDcon is not FreeBSD @-@ ... |
= = = Governance structure = = =
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The FreeBSD Project is run by around 500 committers , or developers who have commit access to the master source code repositories and can develop , debug or enhance any part of the system . Most of the developers are volunteers and few developers are paid by some companies . There are several kinds of committers , inc... |
In addition to developers , FreeBSD has thousands of " contributors " . Contributors are also volunteers outside of the FreeBSD project who submit patches for consideration by committers , as they don 't have direct access to FreeBSD 's source code repository . Committers then evaluate contributors submissions and dec... |
= = = Branches = = =
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FreeBSD developers maintain at least two branches of simultaneous development . The -CURRENT branch always represents the " bleeding edge " of FreeBSD development . A -STABLE branch of FreeBSD is created for each major version number , from which -RELEASE are cut about once every 4 – 6 months . If a feature is suffici... |
= = = Foundation = = =
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FreeBSD development is supported in part by the FreeBSD Foundation . The foundation is a non @-@ profit organization that accepts donations to fund FreeBSD development . Such funding has been used to sponsor developers for specific activities , purchase hardware and network infrastructure , provide travel grants to de... |
In November 2014 , the FreeBSD Foundation received 1 million USD donation from Jan Koum , Co @-@ Founder and CEO of WhatsApp , - the largest single donation to the Foundation since its inception . Jan Koum himself is a FreeBSD user since the late 1990s and WhatsApp uses FreeBSD on its servers .
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= = License = =
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FreeBSD is released under a variety of open source licenses . The kernel code and most newly created code is released under the two @-@ clause BSD license which allows everyone to use and redistribute FreeBSD as they wish . This license was approved by Free Software Foundation and Open Source Initiative as a Free Soft... |
= = Logo = =
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For many years FreeBSD 's logo was the generic BSD daemon , also called Beastie , a distorted pronunciation of BSD . First appearing in 1976 on Unix T @-@ shirts purchased by Bell Labs , the more popular versions of the BSD daemon were drawn by animation director John Lasseter beginning in 1984 . Several FreeBSD @-@ s... |
However , Beastie was not unique to FreeBSD . In lithographic terms , the Lasseter graphic is not line art and often requires a screened , four color photo offset printing process for faithful reproduction on physical surfaces such as paper . Also , the BSD daemon was thought to be too graphically detailed for smooth ... |
The name " FreeBSD " was coined by David Greenman on 19 June 1993 , other suggested names were " BSDFree86 " and " Free86BSD " . FreeBSD 's slogan , " The Power to serve " , is a trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation .
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= = Derivatives = =
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There are a number of software distributions based on FreeBSD including :
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OpenServer 10 ( server )
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PC @-@ BSD ( aimed at home users and workstations )
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DesktopBSD ( desktop @-@ oriented operating system , originally based on KDE )
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GhostBSD ( MATE @-@ based distribution , which also offers other desktop environments )
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FreeSBIE ( live CD )
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Frenzy ( live CD )
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HardenedBSD ( exploit mitigation and hardening development )
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m0n0wall ( firewall )
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pfSense ( firewall )
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FreeNAS ( for Network @-@ attached storage devices )
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NAS4Free ( for Network @-@ attached storage devices )
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