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Though Valmiki was the main inspiration for the Geet Ramayan , Madgulkar chose a different narrative format . He used a simple lyrical format with a flexible number of stanzas ( from five to eleven stanzas , with three or four lines of varying length ) . The metre used was similar to Bhavageete , with roughly the same... |
Madgulkar 's narrative format was different from that of Valmiki 's where he did not end the series with the coronation of Rama and Sita , but included Sita 's abandonment by Rama , and her giving birth to the twins , Lava and Kusha . However , he chose not to include the last episode of Sita 's final confrontation in... |
Madgulkar did not make any attempt to provide new interpretation or meaning to the Ramayana but told the same story in the simpler and poetic format . With inclusion of characters like Ahalya and Shabari , he included the sentiments of religious devotion ( Bhakti ) and also gave divine touch to the story while describ... |
As the series became popular , the daily newspapers in Pune began to print the text of the new song every week after its first airing . The first official edition of the text of these fifty @-@ six poems and their prose narrations came out on the occasion of Vijayadashami , 3 October 1957 , published for Akashwani by ... |
= = Music and singing = =
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Musical director Sudhir Phadke composed the songs based on the ragas of Hindustani classical music , including Bhopali , Bhimpalasi and Madhuvanti . The raga and Tāla of a song was selected to suit the time of the incident and the narrative mood . For example , the song " Calā Rāghavā Calā " is composed as a Bibhas ( ... |
The singers , which included Vasantrao Deshpande , Manik Varma , Suresh Haldankar , Ram Phatak and Lata Mangeshkar , were familiar with the vocal style of Indian classical music . Phadke voiced all the songs for Rama , and well @-@ known Kirana gharana singer Manik Varma voiced the character of Sita . Lata Mangeshkar ... |
= = Characters = =
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A total of 32 characters from the Ramayana were voiced in the Geet Ramayan . Madgulkar expressed the emotions of characters such as Rama , Sita , Hanuman – the monkey ( vanara ) god and devotee of Rama – and Lakshmana ( Rama 's brother ) ; he also attempted to give voice to the humblest characters in the epic . The va... |
Being hero of the Ramayana and Geet Ramayan , Madgulkar expressed the varied moods of Rama ; he was the most @-@ voiced character in the Geet Ramayan with ten songs , followed by Sita with eight . He portrayed Rama as a complex character full of emotions and passions , with some of the questionable deeds , yet bound b... |
Rama 's mother , Kausalya , sang three songs ; his brother Bharata , his father Dasharatha , Hanuman , Lakshmana , the demon Surpanakha ( sister of Ravana ) , Rama 's guru @-@ sage Vishvamitra and Kusha @-@ Lava have two songs each . The central antagonist of the Ramayana , the demon @-@ king Ravana , was not given a ... |
= = List of songs = =
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= = Performances = =
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After Geet Ramayan 's original broadcast was over in March of 1956 , requests of re @-@ broadcast were flooding the radio station . All @-@ India Radio repeated the entire series of fifty @-@ six weekly songs due to popular demand . After the broadcast , Phadke produced public concerts of selected songs . The first pu... |
= = Reception = =
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As the radio programme became popular , daily newspapers in Pune began printing the lyrics of the new songs each week . The publication department of All India Radio also compiled the lyrics and excerpts from the introductory comments in a book form . The 179 @-@ page volume , then priced at ₹ 2 , was launched on 3 Oc... |
= = Other languages = =
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Geet Ramayan has been translated into nine other languages including Bengali , English , Guajarati , Kannada , Hindi , Konkani , Sanskrit , Sindhi and Telugu . It is also transliterated into Braille . This is the first and only collection of Marathi language songs got translated in so many languages . The translation ... |
= Scarborough Day School =
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The Scarborough Day School was a private school in Scarborough @-@ on @-@ Hudson , in Briarcliff Manor , New York . Frank and Narcissa Vanderlip established the school in 1913 at their estate , Beechwood . The school , a nonsectarian nonprofit college preparatory day school , taught students at pre @-@ kindergarten to... |
The Scarborough Day School was accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York . The school also was a member of the Cum Laude Society and the National Association of Independent Schools . Its seal copies that of Scarboro... |
= = History = =
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The Scarborough School was founded in 1913 by Frank and Narcissa Vanderlip for their six children and the children of friends and neighbors . Having met educator Maria Montessori during their European travels , the Vanderlips pioneered the Montessori method at the Edward Harden Mansion in nearby Sleepy Hollow by creat... |
The school moved to its final location in 1917 , at Vanderlip Hall , a building Vanderlip constructed in 1916 bordering Albany Post Road ( current U.S. Route 9 ) . The building was designed for classes of ten , to accommodate 120 children total . It was situated on Beechwood 's 80 @-@ acre ( 320 @,@ 000 m2 ) parkland ... |
Early on in the school 's history , the Vanderlips decided to change the school 's system from the Montessori method to a more formal approach with more discipline , although students still had more freedom than the average school . In the 1930s , the school was considered progressive : students were not graded and we... |
Members of the Vanderlip family , particularly Virginia Vanderlip Schoales , continued to administer the school for sixty years . A 1959 development plan made way for a new primary school in 1961 , new science facilities in 1962 , expansion of the library in 1963 , and the creation of an organization for alumni , of w... |
= = Campus = =
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The main Scarborough School building , Vanderlip Hall , was designed by William W. Bosworth , known for landscaping Kykuit and restoring Versailles . The school building was constructed in a severe , all @-@ white Neoclassical style , and was completed early in 1917 . In addition to a grand porticoed entry , there wer... |
Rosemont , an estate and the birthplace of John Worden , was later used by Vanderlip as a dormitory for Scarborough School boarding students . Rosemont stood opposite the Beechwood estate , at the corner of Route 9 and Scarborough Road . Another campus building was Marie Fayant Hall , which was originally Barnesby Hou... |
= = = Theater = = =
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Beechwood Theater , a replica of the Little Theater on Broadway , was included in Wells Bosworth 's design of the primary school building because Vanderlip particularly wanted his own theater . Beechwood Theater , with 256 gold velvet seats , was designed by Winthrop Ames around 1917 . Details were closely examined up... |
The theater was used for assemblies , plays , concerts , and lectures . It was also home to the Beechwood Players , an adult performing arts group which had its origins in 1919 . The Players put on several plays a year , summer and winter , six plays a year and three @-@ night runs . They had started with three one @-... |
The theater was opened and dedicated on January 2 , 1917 . The first concert took place on July 30 , 1916 , and was by Ignacy Jan Paderewski . During his performance , the Black Tom explosion took place at a munitions works in New Jersey , more than 30 miles ( 48 km ) from Scarborough . Frank Vanderlip Jr . , ten year... |
Following the Scarborough School 's closing , the Beechwood Theater had stood empty for many years , and was restored in 1983 by the Greater Ossining Area Community Theater . On March 17 , 1984 , The Clear View School presented a solo performance of Currier Bell , Esquire ( a dramatization of Charlotte Brontë 's life ... |
= = Alumni = =
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Notable alumni of the Scarborough School include Secretary of the Army Stephen Ailes , Benjamin Cheever , a writer ; and Daniel and Margaret Da Silva , children of Ossining resident Howard Da Silva ( actor in the musical 1776 and the film of the same name ) . Richard Pousette @-@ Dart , an Abstract Expressionist artis... |
= = Headmasters = =
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Headmasters included :
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= = Gallery = =
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= Edward Said =
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Edward Wadie Said ( Arabic pronunciation : [ wædiːʕ sæʕiːd ] Arabic : إدوارد وديع سعيد , Idwārd Wadīʿ Saʿīd ; 1 November 1935 – 25 September 2003 ) was a Palestinian @-@ American literary theoretician , professor of English , history and comparative literature at Columbia University , and a public intellectual who was... |
As a cultural critic , Said is known for his 1978 book Orientalism , a critical analysis of what he believed to be the culturally inaccurate representations that are the bases of Orientalism — the Western study of the Eastern world that presents how Westerners perceive and represent Orientals . Said argued that becaus... |
The analytical model of Orientalism much influenced the humanities ( e.g. , literary theory and literary criticism ) and especially the field of Middle Eastern studies , where it transformed the academic discourse of the researchers — how they examine , describe and define the cultures of the Middle East . Some academ... |
Drawing from the experiences of his family as Palestinian Christians in the Middle East at the time of the establishment of the State of Israel , Said argued for the establishment of a Palestinian state to ensure equal political and human rights for the Palestinians in Israel , including the right of return , by way o... |
= = Biography = =
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= = = Early life = = =
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Edward W. Said was born on 1 November 1935 , to Hilda Said and Wadir Said , a businessman , in Jerusalem in the British Mandate of Palestine . Wadir Said , a native Palestinian , was an Arab Christian man who soldiered in the U.S. Army component of the American Expeditionary Forces ( 1917 – 19 ) , commanded by General... |
In 1919 , after the war had ended , Wadir Said established a stationery business in Cairo , in partnership with a cousin . Like her husband , Hilda Said was an Arab Christian . Although the Said family practiced the Jerusalemite variety of Greek Orthodox Christianity , Edward was agnostic ; his sister Rosemarie Saïd Z... |
= = = Education = = =
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Said described his early life as a boy 's life lived " between worlds " , in Cairo and in Jerusalem , until he was a young man of twelve years . In 1947 , Said enrolled in the Anglican St. George 's School , Jerusalem ; he would later describe the experience :
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With an unexceptionally Arab family name like " Saïd " , connected to an improbably British first name ( my mother much admired [ Edward VIII ] the Prince of Wales in 1935 , the year of my birth ) , I was an uncomfortably anomalous student all through my early years : a Palestinian going to school in Egypt , with an E... |
In the late 1940s , his latter school days included the Egyptian branch of Victoria College ( VC ) , where one classmate was Michel Shaloub ( later the actor Omar Sharif ) whom he remembered as a sadistic and physically abusive Head Boy ; other classmates included King Hussein of Jordan , and Egyptian , Syrian , Jorda... |
The moment one became a student at [ Victoria College ] , one was given the student handbook , a series of regulations governing every aspect of school life — the kind of uniform we were to wear , what equipment was needed for sports , the dates of school holidays , bus schedules , and so on . But the school 's first ... |
Despite high intelligence and academic achievements , Said proved a troublesome student and was expelled from Victoria College in 1951 , and was sent from Egypt to the eastern U.S. , where he attended Northfield Mount Hermon School , Massachusetts , an elite college @-@ prep boarding @-@ school where he endured a psyc... |
He would later say that , in retrospect , his parents ' decision to send him so far from the Middle East was much influenced by " the prospects of deracinated people , like us , being so uncertain that it would be best to send me as far away as possible " . The realities of a peripatetic life — of interwoven cultures ... |
= = = Career = = =
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In 1963 , Said joined Columbia University , as a member of the English and Comparative Literature faculties , where he taught and worked until 2003 . In 1974 , he was Visiting Professor of Comparative Literature at Harvard ; during 1975 – 76 , he was a Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Science , at... |
= = Literary production = =
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Said 's first published book , Joseph Conrad and the Fiction of Autobiography ( 1966 ) , was an expansion of the dissertation he presented to earn his PhD ; later , in Edward Saïd : Criticism and Society ( 2010 ) , Abdirahman Hussein would remark that Conrad 's novella Heart of Darkness ( 1899 ) was " foundational to ... |
Like his post @-@ modern intellectual mentors , the philosophers Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault , Said was fascinated by how the people of the Western world perceive the peoples of and the things from a different culture , as well as the effects of society , politics , and power upon literature ; these preoccupat... |
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