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Though Valmiki was the main inspiration for the Geet Ramayan , Madgulkar chose a different narrative format . He used a simple lyrical format with a flexible number of stanzas ( from five to eleven stanzas , with three or four lines of varying length ) . The metre used was similar to Bhavageete , with roughly the same...
Madgulkar 's narrative format was different from that of Valmiki 's where he did not end the series with the coronation of Rama and Sita , but included Sita 's abandonment by Rama , and her giving birth to the twins , Lava and Kusha . However , he chose not to include the last episode of Sita 's final confrontation in...
Madgulkar did not make any attempt to provide new interpretation or meaning to the Ramayana but told the same story in the simpler and poetic format . With inclusion of characters like Ahalya and Shabari , he included the sentiments of religious devotion ( Bhakti ) and also gave divine touch to the story while describ...
As the series became popular , the daily newspapers in Pune began to print the text of the new song every week after its first airing . The first official edition of the text of these fifty @-@ six poems and their prose narrations came out on the occasion of Vijayadashami , 3 October 1957 , published for Akashwani by ...
= = Music and singing = =
Musical director Sudhir Phadke composed the songs based on the ragas of Hindustani classical music , including Bhopali , Bhimpalasi and Madhuvanti . The raga and Tāla of a song was selected to suit the time of the incident and the narrative mood . For example , the song " Calā Rāghavā Calā " is composed as a Bibhas ( ...
The singers , which included Vasantrao Deshpande , Manik Varma , Suresh Haldankar , Ram Phatak and Lata Mangeshkar , were familiar with the vocal style of Indian classical music . Phadke voiced all the songs for Rama , and well @-@ known Kirana gharana singer Manik Varma voiced the character of Sita . Lata Mangeshkar ...
= = Characters = =
A total of 32 characters from the Ramayana were voiced in the Geet Ramayan . Madgulkar expressed the emotions of characters such as Rama , Sita , Hanuman – the monkey ( vanara ) god and devotee of Rama – and Lakshmana ( Rama 's brother ) ; he also attempted to give voice to the humblest characters in the epic . The va...
Being hero of the Ramayana and Geet Ramayan , Madgulkar expressed the varied moods of Rama ; he was the most @-@ voiced character in the Geet Ramayan with ten songs , followed by Sita with eight . He portrayed Rama as a complex character full of emotions and passions , with some of the questionable deeds , yet bound b...
Rama 's mother , Kausalya , sang three songs ; his brother Bharata , his father Dasharatha , Hanuman , Lakshmana , the demon Surpanakha ( sister of Ravana ) , Rama 's guru @-@ sage Vishvamitra and Kusha @-@ Lava have two songs each . The central antagonist of the Ramayana , the demon @-@ king Ravana , was not given a ...
= = List of songs = =
= = Performances = =
After Geet Ramayan 's original broadcast was over in March of 1956 , requests of re @-@ broadcast were flooding the radio station . All @-@ India Radio repeated the entire series of fifty @-@ six weekly songs due to popular demand . After the broadcast , Phadke produced public concerts of selected songs . The first pu...
= = Reception = =
As the radio programme became popular , daily newspapers in Pune began printing the lyrics of the new songs each week . The publication department of All India Radio also compiled the lyrics and excerpts from the introductory comments in a book form . The 179 @-@ page volume , then priced at ₹ 2 , was launched on 3 Oc...
= = Other languages = =
Geet Ramayan has been translated into nine other languages including Bengali , English , Guajarati , Kannada , Hindi , Konkani , Sanskrit , Sindhi and Telugu . It is also transliterated into Braille . This is the first and only collection of Marathi language songs got translated in so many languages . The translation ...
= Scarborough Day School =
The Scarborough Day School was a private school in Scarborough @-@ on @-@ Hudson , in Briarcliff Manor , New York . Frank and Narcissa Vanderlip established the school in 1913 at their estate , Beechwood . The school , a nonsectarian nonprofit college preparatory day school , taught students at pre @-@ kindergarten to...
The Scarborough Day School was accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York . The school also was a member of the Cum Laude Society and the National Association of Independent Schools . Its seal copies that of Scarboro...
= = History = =
The Scarborough School was founded in 1913 by Frank and Narcissa Vanderlip for their six children and the children of friends and neighbors . Having met educator Maria Montessori during their European travels , the Vanderlips pioneered the Montessori method at the Edward Harden Mansion in nearby Sleepy Hollow by creat...
The school moved to its final location in 1917 , at Vanderlip Hall , a building Vanderlip constructed in 1916 bordering Albany Post Road ( current U.S. Route 9 ) . The building was designed for classes of ten , to accommodate 120 children total . It was situated on Beechwood 's 80 @-@ acre ( 320 @,@ 000 m2 ) parkland ...
Early on in the school 's history , the Vanderlips decided to change the school 's system from the Montessori method to a more formal approach with more discipline , although students still had more freedom than the average school . In the 1930s , the school was considered progressive : students were not graded and we...
Members of the Vanderlip family , particularly Virginia Vanderlip Schoales , continued to administer the school for sixty years . A 1959 development plan made way for a new primary school in 1961 , new science facilities in 1962 , expansion of the library in 1963 , and the creation of an organization for alumni , of w...
= = Campus = =
The main Scarborough School building , Vanderlip Hall , was designed by William W. Bosworth , known for landscaping Kykuit and restoring Versailles . The school building was constructed in a severe , all @-@ white Neoclassical style , and was completed early in 1917 . In addition to a grand porticoed entry , there wer...
Rosemont , an estate and the birthplace of John Worden , was later used by Vanderlip as a dormitory for Scarborough School boarding students . Rosemont stood opposite the Beechwood estate , at the corner of Route 9 and Scarborough Road . Another campus building was Marie Fayant Hall , which was originally Barnesby Hou...
= = = Theater = = =
Beechwood Theater , a replica of the Little Theater on Broadway , was included in Wells Bosworth 's design of the primary school building because Vanderlip particularly wanted his own theater . Beechwood Theater , with 256 gold velvet seats , was designed by Winthrop Ames around 1917 . Details were closely examined up...
The theater was used for assemblies , plays , concerts , and lectures . It was also home to the Beechwood Players , an adult performing arts group which had its origins in 1919 . The Players put on several plays a year , summer and winter , six plays a year and three @-@ night runs . They had started with three one @-...
The theater was opened and dedicated on January 2 , 1917 . The first concert took place on July 30 , 1916 , and was by Ignacy Jan Paderewski . During his performance , the Black Tom explosion took place at a munitions works in New Jersey , more than 30 miles ( 48 km ) from Scarborough . Frank Vanderlip Jr . , ten year...
Following the Scarborough School 's closing , the Beechwood Theater had stood empty for many years , and was restored in 1983 by the Greater Ossining Area Community Theater . On March 17 , 1984 , The Clear View School presented a solo performance of Currier Bell , Esquire ( a dramatization of Charlotte Brontë 's life ...
= = Alumni = =
Notable alumni of the Scarborough School include Secretary of the Army Stephen Ailes , Benjamin Cheever , a writer ; and Daniel and Margaret Da Silva , children of Ossining resident Howard Da Silva ( actor in the musical 1776 and the film of the same name ) . Richard Pousette @-@ Dart , an Abstract Expressionist artis...
= = Headmasters = =
Headmasters included :
= = Gallery = =
= Edward Said =
Edward Wadie Said ( Arabic pronunciation : [ wædiːʕ sæʕiːd ] Arabic : إدوارد وديع سعيد , Idwārd Wadīʿ Saʿīd ; 1 November 1935 – 25 September 2003 ) was a Palestinian @-@ American literary theoretician , professor of English , history and comparative literature at Columbia University , and a public intellectual who was...
As a cultural critic , Said is known for his 1978 book Orientalism , a critical analysis of what he believed to be the culturally inaccurate representations that are the bases of Orientalism — the Western study of the Eastern world that presents how Westerners perceive and represent Orientals . Said argued that becaus...
The analytical model of Orientalism much influenced the humanities ( e.g. , literary theory and literary criticism ) and especially the field of Middle Eastern studies , where it transformed the academic discourse of the researchers — how they examine , describe and define the cultures of the Middle East . Some academ...
Drawing from the experiences of his family as Palestinian Christians in the Middle East at the time of the establishment of the State of Israel , Said argued for the establishment of a Palestinian state to ensure equal political and human rights for the Palestinians in Israel , including the right of return , by way o...
= = Biography = =
= = = Early life = = =
Edward W. Said was born on 1 November 1935 , to Hilda Said and Wadir Said , a businessman , in Jerusalem in the British Mandate of Palestine . Wadir Said , a native Palestinian , was an Arab Christian man who soldiered in the U.S. Army component of the American Expeditionary Forces ( 1917 – 19 ) , commanded by General...
In 1919 , after the war had ended , Wadir Said established a stationery business in Cairo , in partnership with a cousin . Like her husband , Hilda Said was an Arab Christian . Although the Said family practiced the Jerusalemite variety of Greek Orthodox Christianity , Edward was agnostic ; his sister Rosemarie Saïd Z...
= = = Education = = =
Said described his early life as a boy 's life lived " between worlds " , in Cairo and in Jerusalem , until he was a young man of twelve years . In 1947 , Said enrolled in the Anglican St. George 's School , Jerusalem ; he would later describe the experience :
With an unexceptionally Arab family name like " Saïd " , connected to an improbably British first name ( my mother much admired [ Edward VIII ] the Prince of Wales in 1935 , the year of my birth ) , I was an uncomfortably anomalous student all through my early years : a Palestinian going to school in Egypt , with an E...
In the late 1940s , his latter school days included the Egyptian branch of Victoria College ( VC ) , where one classmate was Michel Shaloub ( later the actor Omar Sharif ) whom he remembered as a sadistic and physically abusive Head Boy ; other classmates included King Hussein of Jordan , and Egyptian , Syrian , Jorda...
The moment one became a student at [ Victoria College ] , one was given the student handbook , a series of regulations governing every aspect of school life — the kind of uniform we were to wear , what equipment was needed for sports , the dates of school holidays , bus schedules , and so on . But the school 's first ...
Despite high intelligence and academic achievements , Said proved a troublesome student and was expelled from Victoria College in 1951 , and was sent from Egypt to the eastern U.S. , where he attended Northfield Mount Hermon School , Massachusetts , an elite college @-@ prep boarding @-@ school where he endured a psyc...
He would later say that , in retrospect , his parents ' decision to send him so far from the Middle East was much influenced by " the prospects of deracinated people , like us , being so uncertain that it would be best to send me as far away as possible " . The realities of a peripatetic life — of interwoven cultures ...
= = = Career = = =
In 1963 , Said joined Columbia University , as a member of the English and Comparative Literature faculties , where he taught and worked until 2003 . In 1974 , he was Visiting Professor of Comparative Literature at Harvard ; during 1975 – 76 , he was a Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Science , at...
= = Literary production = =
Said 's first published book , Joseph Conrad and the Fiction of Autobiography ( 1966 ) , was an expansion of the dissertation he presented to earn his PhD ; later , in Edward Saïd : Criticism and Society ( 2010 ) , Abdirahman Hussein would remark that Conrad 's novella Heart of Darkness ( 1899 ) was " foundational to ...
Like his post @-@ modern intellectual mentors , the philosophers Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault , Said was fascinated by how the people of the Western world perceive the peoples of and the things from a different culture , as well as the effects of society , politics , and power upon literature ; these preoccupat...